FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Bode, P Greenberg, RR Fernandesc, EAD AF Bode, Peter Greenberg, Robert R. De Nadai Fernandesc, Elisabete A. TI Neutron Activation Analysis: A Primary (Ratio) Method to Determine SI-Traceable Values of Element Content in Complex Samples SO CHIMIA LA English DT Article DE Metrology; Neutron activation analysis; SI traceability; Uncertainty ID INAA AB The metrological principles of neutron activation analysis are discussed. It has been demonstrated that this method can provide elemental amount of substance with values fully traceable to the SI. The method has been used by several laboratories worldwide in a number of CCQM key comparisons - interlaboratory comparison tests at the highest metrological level - supplying results equivalent to values from other methods for elemental or isotopic analysis in complex samples without the need to perform chemical destruction and dissolution of these samples. The CCOM accepted therefore in April 2007 the claim that neutron activation analysis should have the similar status as the methods originally listed by the CCOM as 'primary methods of measurement'. Analytical characteristics and scope of application are given. C1 [Bode, Peter] Delft Univ Technol, Fac Sci Appl, Dept Radiat Radionuclides & Reactors, NL-2629 JB Delft, Netherlands. [Greenberg, Robert R.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [De Nadai Fernandesc, Elisabete A.] Univ Sao Paulo, Ctr Energia Nucl Agr, Lab Radioisotopos, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. RP Bode, P (reprint author), Delft Univ Technol, Fac Sci Appl, Dept Radiat Radionuclides & Reactors, Mekelweg 15, NL-2629 JB Delft, Netherlands. EM p.bode@tudelft.nl NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SWISS CHEMICAL SOC PI BERN PA SCHWARZTORSTRASSE 9, CH-3007 BERN, SWITZERLAND SN 0009-4293 J9 CHIMIA JI Chimia PY 2009 VL 63 IS 10 BP 678 EP 680 DI 10.2533/chimia.2009.678 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 516EN UT WOS:000271524800018 ER PT J AU Sung, LP Gu, XH Ho, DL Landis, FA Nguyen, D AF Sung, Li-Piin Gu, Xiaohong Ho, Derek L. Landis, Forrest. A. Nguyen, Diep TI EFFECT OF COMPOSITION AND PROCESSING CONDITION ON MICROSTRUCTURAL PROPERTIES AND DURABILITY OF FLUOROPOLYMER/ACRYLIC BLENDS SO CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article CT 8th International Symposium on Polymer Physics CY JUN 08-12, 2008 CL Xiamen, PEOPLES R CHINA SP State Key Lab Polymer Phys & Chem, MPI Polymer Res, Univ Massachusetts, Hokkaido Univ, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Chinese Acad Sci, CAS, Inst Chem, CAS, Changchun Inst Appl Chem, CAS, Polymer Div, Xiamen Univ DE AFM; Confocal microscopy; Crystallinity; Surface morphology; Small angle scattering; UV exposure ID POLY(VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE); POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); COATINGS; CRYSTALLIZATION; MORPHOLOGY; MICROSCOPY; MIXTURES; SURFACE AB Fluoropolymer blends have been widely used as binders for exterior coatings because of their excellent resistance to ultra-violet (UV) radiation as well as to many corrosive chemical agents. It is known that the fluorinated component usually has a lower glass transition temperature and easily crystallizes in the final structure depending upon the blend composition and sample annealing condition. We investigated the effect of blend composition and annealing process (slow and fast cooling) on the surface morphology and microstructure a poly(vinylidene fluoride)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PVDF/PMMA) blend before and after UV exposure. Surface and subsurface microstructures were studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). Bulk microstructure of PVDF-coatings before and after UV exposure were characterized using small angle neutron and light scattering. Higher PVDF content and a slow cooling process result in larger spherulite crystallite structure and rougher surface morphology. Significant ordering in the spherulite crystallite structure has been observed on the surface and the bulk films after UV exposure. C1 [Sung, Li-Piin; Gu, Xiaohong; Ho, Derek L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Landis, Forrest. A.] Penn State Univ, York, PA USA. [Nguyen, Diep] IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Sung, LP (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM li-piin.sung@nist.gov NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0256-7679 J9 CHINESE J POLYM SCI JI Chin. J. Polym. Sci. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 27 IS 1 BP 59 EP 69 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 397FN UT WOS:000262648400007 ER PT J AU Weckenmann, A Jiang, X Sommer, KD Neuschaefer-Rube, U Seewig, J Shaw, L Estler, T AF Weckenmann, A. Jiang, X. Sommer, K. -D. Neuschaefer-Rube, U. Seewig, J. Shaw, L. Estler, T. TI Multisensor data fusion in dimensional metrology SO CIRP ANNALS-MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 59th General Assembly of CIRP CY AUG 23-29, 2009 CL Boston, MA DE Dimensional metrology; Sensor; Data fusion ID SCANNING-ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; COORDINATE MEASURING MACHINE; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY CT; VISION SYSTEM; SENSOR FUSION; 3D SURFACE; INSPECTION; INTEGRATION; STEREO; MODELS AB Multisensor data fusion in dimensional metrology is used in order to get holistic, more accurate and reliable information about a workpiece based on several or multiple measurement Values from one or more sensors. The theoretical background originates in classical mathematics and statistics, in methods of artificial intelligence (AI) and in the Bayesian fusion approach. Sensor technologies and sensor characteristics influence the data fusion process and determine the gain of information compared to the application of a single sensor. Homogeneous and inhomogeneous sensor configurations lead to complementary, competitive and cooperative information integration with specific advantages depending on the application. The scope includes image fusion, tactile and optical coordinate metrology, coherent and incoherent optical measuring techniques, computed tomography as well as scanning probe microscopes. (C) 2009 CIRP. C1 [Weckenmann, A.; Shaw, L.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Chair Qual Management & Mfg Metrol, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany. [Jiang, X.] Univ Huddersfield, Ctr Precis Technol, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, W Yorkshire, England. [Sommer, K. -D.; Neuschaefer-Rube, U.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-3300 Braunschweig, Germany. [Seewig, J.] Univ Kaiserslautern, Inst Measurement & Sensor Technol, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. [Estler, T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Weckenmann, A (reprint author), Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Chair Qual Management & Mfg Metrol, Naegelsbachstr 25, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany. OI Jiang, Xiangqian/0000-0001-7949-8507 NR 206 TC 110 Z9 116 U1 3 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0007-8506 EI 1726-0604 J9 CIRP ANN-MANUF TECHN JI CIRP Ann-Manuf. Technol. PY 2009 VL 58 IS 2 BP 701 EP 721 DI 10.1016/j.cirp.2009.09.008 PG 21 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Engineering GA 536KS UT WOS:000273043900010 ER PT B AU Nanninga, N Levy, Y Slifka, A Siewert, T McColskey, J Lasseigne, A AF Nanninga, N. Levy, Y. Slifka, A. Siewert, T. McColskey, J. Lasseigne, A. BE Laudon, M Laird, DL Romanowicz, B TI Research at NIST on the Compatibility of Hydrogen and Carbon Steels SO CLEAN TECHNOLOGY 2009: BIOENERGY, RENEWABLES, STORAGE, GRID, WASTE AND SUSTAINABILITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Clean Technology Conference and Expo 2009 CY MAY 03-07, 2009 CL Houston, TX SP Adv Energy Consortium, Amer Coalit Clean Coal Elect, Appl Mat, Clean Technol & Sustainable Industries Org, Continental Airlines, Foley & Lardner LLP, Hitachi, Jackson Walker LLP, Lockheed Martin, Nano Sci & Technol Inst, NanoSPRINT, Opportun Houston, Smartcool Syst, TechConnect, Russian Corp Nanotechnologies, Winstead PC DE gaseous hydrogen; materials; pipeline; pressure-vessels AB The demand for gaseous hydrogen fuel is expected to necessitate a continuous supply of hydrogen that can be delivered only through networks of existing and new pipelines and storage units. The focus of the Hydrogen Project at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), of the Materials Reliability Division, in Boulder, CO is to characterize the mechanical behavior of pipeline and pressure-vessel materials exposed to highly pressurized hydrogen gas. The material properties will be used to generate databases and develop codes and standards essential to the safe and reliable transportation of gaseous pipelines. C1 [Nanninga, N.; Levy, Y.; Slifka, A.; Siewert, T.; McColskey, J.; Lasseigne, A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Nanninga, N (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-1787-2 PY 2009 BP 206 EP 209 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BMN34 UT WOS:000272950500052 ER PT J AU MacCall, AD AF MacCall, Alec D. BE Checkley, DM Alheit, J Oozeki, Y Roy, C TI A short scientific history of the fisheries SO CLIMATE CHANGE AND SMALL PELAGIC FISH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PELAGIC FISH; SARDINE; STOCKS; FLUCTUATIONS; RECRUITMENT AB This chapter briefly summarizes the history of scientific understanding of the fluctuations of small pelagic fishes and fisheries. The classical quantitative models underlying modern fishery analysis and management were developed in the 1950s and 1960s. Although California and Japan had previously experienced collapses of major fisheries for small. pelagics in the 1940s and 1950s, it was the collapse of the "scientifically managed" Peruvian anchoveta fishery in the early 1970s that drew worldwide attention to the problem of collapsing small pelagic fisheries. The inability of the anchoveta to regain its former levels of productivity cast doubt on the classical equilibrium fishery models. In the late twentieth century, substantial progress was made toward understanding the environmental influences on these fishes. Some of the major environmental influences (which often may not be specifically identified) fluctuate at interdecadal time scales, giving rise to prolonged periods of high and low fish productivity, abrupt transitions including collapses, global teleconnections and phase relationships. These so-called "regimes" have recently become a major topic of research in fishery science. Despite scientific progress in understanding many facets of these fisheries and their fluctuations, there still is no accepted theory of the fishery-oceanographic dynamics of small pelagic fishes that links their commonly shared properties and that provides the predictive capability needed for ecosystem-based management. C1 SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP MacCall, AD (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-88482-2 PY 2009 BP 6 EP 11 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BDI49 UT WOS:000313446500004 ER PT J AU Checkley, DM Ayon, P Baumgartner, TR Bernal, M Coetzee, JC Emmett, R Guevara-Carrasco, R Hutchings, L Ibaibarriaga, L Nakata, H Oozeki, Y Planque, B Schweigert, J Stratoudakis, Y van der Lingen, CD AF Checkley, David M., Jr. Ayon, Patricia Baumgartner, Tim R. Bernal, Miguel Coetzee, Janet C. Emmett, Robert Guevara-Carrasco, Renato Hutchings, Larry Ibaibarriaga, Leire Nakata, Hideaki Oozeki, Yoshioki Planque, Benjamin Schweigert, Jake Stratoudakis, Yorgos van der Lingen, Carl D. BE Checkley, DM Alheit, J Oozeki, Y Roy, C TI Habitats SO CLIMATE CHANGE AND SMALL PELAGIC FISH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SARDINE SARDINOPS-SAGAX; ANCHOVY ENGRAULIS-ENCRASICOLUS; CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; LIVING MARINE RESOURCES; SOUTH-AFRICAN SARDINE; GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; DAILY EGG-PRODUCTION; PACIFIC SARDINE; NORTHERN ANCHOVY; BENGUELA ECOSYSTEM AB The habitats of populations of small, pelagic fish, especially anchovy and sardine, in the Benguela, California, Humboldt, and Kuroshio-Oyashio current systems, and in the NE Atlantic, are described and discussed in regard to future climate change. These stocks have been the primary concern of the Small Pelagic Fish and Climate Change (SPACC) program of International GLOBEC. Each of these regions and stocks has a unique set of climate and ocean conditions and their variability. However, they also share common characteristics. Spawning and development occurs within broad ranges of temperature (12-26 degrees C) and salinity (<30-36) and in regions of high plankton production, associated with either upwelling or freshwater. Often, sardine are more oceanic and anchovy more coastal, often associated with wind-driven.. upwelling and rivers. Sardine tend to make longer migrations between spawning and feeding regions than do anchovy. The habitat of most populations of small, pelagic fish expands when the population size is large and contracts when it is small, often into refugia. Climate change may affect populations of small, pelagic fish by causing poleward shifts in distribution due to warming, some of which have already occurred. Other potential effects are due to changes in winds, hydrology, currents, stratification, acidification, and phenology. C1 [Checkley, David M., Jr.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Ayon, Patricia; Guevara-Carrasco, Renato] Inst Mar Peru, Callao, Peru. [Baumgartner, Tim R.] Ctr Invest Cient & Educ Super Ensenada, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. [Bernal, Miguel] Inst Espanol Oceanog, Puerto Real 11510, Spain. [Coetzee, Janet C.; Hutchings, Larry; van der Lingen, Carl D.] Marine & Coastal Management, ZA-8012 Cape Town, South Africa. [Emmett, Robert] NOAA Fisheries, Newport, OR 97391 USA. [Ibaibarriaga, Leire] AZTI Tecnalia, Marine Res Unit, Pasaia 20110, Spain. [Nakata, Hideaki] Nagasaki Univ, Fac Fisheries, Nagasaki 8528521, Japan. [Oozeki, Yoshioki] Fisheries Res Agcy, Natl Res Inst Fisheries Sci, Kanazawa Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2368648, Japan. [Planque, Benjamin] Inst Marine Res, N-9294 Tromso, Norway. [Stratoudakis, Yorgos] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. RP Checkley, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 167 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-88482-2 PY 2009 BP 12 EP 44 PG 33 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BDI49 UT WOS:000313446500005 ER PT J AU Lett, C Rose, KA Megrey, BA AF Lett, Christophe Rose, Kenneth A. Megrey, Bernard A. BE Checkley, DM Alheit, J Oozeki, Y Roy, C TI Biophysical models SO CLIMATE CHANGE AND SMALL PELAGIC FISH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL; SARDINE SARDINOPS-SAGAX; ANCHOVY ENGRAULIS-ENCRASICOLUS; MACKEREL SCOMBER-SCOMBRUS; EARLY-LIFE-HISTORY; NUTRIENT-PHYTOPLANKTON-ZOOPLANKTON; EASTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; COD GADUS-MORHUA; PHYSICAL-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS; BENGUELA UPWELLING ECOSYSTEM AB The objective of this chapter is to provide an overview of biophysical models of marine fish populations, with a particular focus on those applied, or potentially applicable, for examining the consequences of climate change on small pelagic fish species. We focus on models that include physics and are therefore spatially explicit, and review models under the categories of those that include lower trophic level dynamics (NPZ(1)), early life stages of fish (eggs and larvae), and juvenile and adult stages. We first give an overview of the methods that are used to represent transport, growth, mortality, and behavior in biophysical models of early life stages. Second, we detail several case studies of such models, focusing on those applied to anchovy and.. sardine in SPACC regions and those involving small pelagic fish in "non-SPACC" regions. Some questions related to climate change require models that include juveniles and adults. Models that include juveniles and adults differ from the early life stage models in the important role played by behavior in fish movement. We briefly discuss several approaches used for modeling behavioral movement of fish, and then summarize several case studies of biophysical models that include adults that are relevant, or potentially relevant, to small pelagic species. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of the potential use of biophysical models of early life stages and adults for investigating some of the issues associated with forecasting the effects of climate change on small pelagic fish species. C1 [Lett, Christophe] Univ Cape Town, Inst Rech Dev, UR ECO UP, Dept Oceanog, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Rose, Kenneth A.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Megrey, Bernard A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Lett, C (reprint author), Univ Cape Town, Inst Rech Dev, UR ECO UP, Dept Oceanog, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. NR 156 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-88482-2 PY 2009 BP 88 EP 111 PG 24 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BDI49 UT WOS:000313446500008 ER PT J AU van der Lingen, CD Bertrand, A Bode, A Brodeur, R Cubillos, LA Espinoza, P Friedland, K Garrido, S Irigoien, X Miller, T Mollmann, C Rodriguez-Sanchez, R Tanaka, H Temming, A AF van der Lingen, Carl D. Bertrand, Arnaud Bode, Antonio Brodeur, Richard Cubillos, Luis A. Espinoza, Pepe Friedland, Kevin Garrido, Susana Irigoien, Xabier Miller, Todd Moellmann, Christian Rodriguez-Sanchez, Ruben Tanaka, Hiroshige Temming, Axel BE Checkley, DM Alheit, J Oozeki, Y Roy, C TI Trophic dynamics SO CLIMATE CHANGE AND SMALL PELAGIC FISH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ANCHOVY ENGRAULIS-ENCRASICOLUS; CENTRAL BALTIC SEA; SARDINE SARDINA-PILCHARDUS; SPRAT SPRATTUS-SPRATTUS; HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; MENHADEN BREVOORTIA-TYRANNUS; BENGUELA UPWELLING ECOSYSTEM; FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; GILL RAKER MORPHOLOGY; BIOMASS SIZE SPECTRA AB Literature on the trophic ecology of small pelagic fish (primarly anchovy Engraulis spp. and sardine Sardinops spp. but including the genera Brevoortia, Clupea, Sardina, Sprattus, and Strangomera) and their interactions with plankton are reviewed using case studies describing research on some economically and ecologically important small pelagic fish from upwelling and temperate non-upwelling ecosystems. Information from morphological studies of the feeding apparatus, field studies on dietary composition and foraging behaviour, and laboratory studies that have provided data for the parameterization of bio-energetic and other models of these small pelagic fish are presented, where available. Two or more small pelagic fish species are described in each case study, and disparities in trophic dynamics between co-occurring anchovy and sardine are consistently seen, supporting the hypothesis that species alternations between the two species could be trophically mediated. Linkages between climate and fish are described for many of the systems, and possible impacts of climate change on some of the species are described. C1 [van der Lingen, Carl D.] Marine & Coastal Management, ZA-8012 Cape Town, South Africa. [Bertrand, Arnaud] CRH, Inst Rech Dev, Sete, France. [Bertrand, Arnaud] Inst Mar Peru, Lima, Peru. [Bode, Antonio; Cubillos, Luis A.] Ctr Oceanog A Coruna, Inst Espanol Oceanog, La Coruna, Spain. [Brodeur, Richard] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR USA. [Espinoza, Pepe] Inst Mar Peru, Lima, Peru. [Friedland, Kevin] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Garrido, Susana] Inst Nacl Invest Agr Pescas, Lisbon, Portugal. [Irigoien, Xabier] Arantza Eta Elikaigintzarako Inst Teknologikoa, Pasaia, Spain. [Miller, Todd] Ehime Univ, Ctr Marine Environm Studies, Matsuyama, Ehime 790, Japan. [Moellmann, Christian; Temming, Axel] Univ Hamburg, Inst Hydrobiol & Fisheries Sci, Hamburg, Germany. [Rodriguez-Sanchez, Ruben] Ctr Interdisciplinario Ciencias Marinas, La Paz, Bolivia. [Tanaka, Hiroshige] Fisheries Res Agcy, Seikai Natl Res Inst, Nagasaki, Japan. RP van der Lingen, CD (reprint author), Marine & Coastal Management, Private Bag X2, ZA-8012 Cape Town, South Africa. RI Garrido, Susana/F-7151-2011; Mollmann, Christian/C-4788-2011; OI Garrido, Susana/0000-0001-6360-2883; Bode, Antonio/0000-0002-9535-2548 NR 295 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-88482-2 PY 2009 BP 112 EP 157 PG 46 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BDI49 UT WOS:000313446500009 ER PT J AU Barange, M Bernal, M Cergole, MC Cubillos, LA Daskalov, GM de Moor, CL De Oliveira, JAA Dickey-Collas, M Gaughan, DJ Hill, K Jacobson, LD Koster, FW Masse, J Niquen, M Nishida, H Oozeki, Y Palomera, I Saccardo, SA Santojanni, A Serra, R Somarakis, S Stratoudakis, Y Uriarte, A van der Lingen, CD Yatsu, A AF Barange, Manuel Bernal, Miguel Cergole, Maria Cristina Cubillos, Luis A. Daskalov, Georgi M. de Moor, Carryn L. De Oliveira, Jose A. A. Dickey-Collas, Mark Gaughan, Daniel J. Hill, Kevin Jacobson, Larry D. Koester, Fritz W. Masse, Jacques Niquen, Miguel Nishida, Hiroshi Oozeki, Yoshioki Palomera, Isabel Saccardo, Suzana A. Santojanni, Alberto Serra, Rodolfo Somarakis, Stylianos Stratoudakis, Yorgos Uriarte, Andres van der Lingen, Carl D. Yatsu, Akihiko BE Checkley, DM Alheit, J Oozeki, Y Roy, C TI Current trends in the assessment and management of stocks SO CLIMATE CHANGE AND SMALL PELAGIC FISH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SARDINE SARDINOPS-SAGAX; DAILY EGG-PRODUCTION; ANCHOVY ENGRAULIS-ENCRASICOLUS; HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; SPRAT SPRATTUS-SPRATTUS; SMALL PELAGIC FISH; NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC-OCEAN; DISTINCT ADULT ASSEMBLAGES; AFRICAN CONTINENTAL-SHELF; NORTHERN AEGEAN SEA AB The assessment and management of small pelagic fish (SPF) stocks is particularly difficult and uncertain because their short life expectancy, characteristic aggregative behavior, rapid response to climate and environmental signals and large and variable natural mortality make them less tractable through traditional population dynamic models and assumptions. In this review we summarize the assessment and management approaches applied in 29 SPF stocks or management units (12 anchovy, 10 sardine, 4 herring, and 3 sprat). The review demonstrates that the assessment and management of SPF varies substantially in its approach and performance between stocks and regions. Most stocks have a scientific assessment program in place and a management approach that generally takes into account assessment results, but in some stocks management practices deviate substantially from scientific advice and in some, assessment and management processes are largely disconnected. It is concluded that only properly tailored scientific assessment and management programs can provide the speed of response and the flexibility of management that highly variable SPF demand. The most effective monitoring programs are based on fishery-independent surveys (daily egg production or/and hydroacoustics), while analyses based on catch per unit effort offer limited value. Most assessments, defined as what management uses to base its decisions on, rely on catch-at-age or yield per recruit models. Harvest strategies range from those driven by harvest control rules to those derived from outputs of best assessment runs. Some stocks use operating models based on age-structure model outputs or forward VPA(1). On the issue of scientific uncertainty some practitioners propose reducing it through additional science and measures, while others promote the development of management procedures robust to uncertainty. This difference is particularly evident in relation to the value of recruitment forecasts. Other identified uncertainties include fishing versus natural mortality estimates and fleet catchability estimates. Regarding governance it is suggested that adaptive management practices applied by independent governance structures capable of interacting at ecological, social and economic levels need development for effective stewardship and governance. The review also addresses recent concerns over managing stocks that may be subject to productivity regimes or regime shifts, and whether two-level management strategies are required to address short- and long-term resource variability. The straddling nature of some stocks adds complexity to management procedures, and it is feared that this could be accentuated by climate-driven changes in stock distribution. Finally, SPF should be managed under ecosystem considerations, to protect their value as forage species to other fish, mammals and birds, and thus to respect the integrity of ecosystems. While the Ecosystem Approach is yet to be successfully applied to the management of any SPF, this may be the single most important driving force in influencing future assessment and management policies. C1 [Barange, Manuel] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. [Bernal, Miguel] Inst Espanol Oceanog, Puerto Real 11510, Spain. [Cergole, Maria Cristina] Inst Brasileiro Meio Ambiente & Recursos Nat Reno, BR-01417020 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Cubillos, Luis A.] Ctr Oceanog A Coruna, Inst Espanol Oceanog, La Coruna, Spain. [Daskalov, Georgi M.; De Oliveira, Jose A. A.] CEFAS, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England. [de Moor, Carryn L.] Univ Cape Town, MARAM Marine Resource Assessment & Management, Dept Math & Appl Math, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Dickey-Collas, Mark] IMARES, NL-1970 AB Ijmuiden, Netherlands. [Gaughan, Daniel J.] WA Fisheries & Marine Res Lab, Dept Fisheries, North Beach, WA 6920, Australia. [Hill, Kevin] NOAA, NMFS, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Jacobson, Larry D.] NOAA, NMFS, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Koester, Fritz W.] Danish Inst Fisheries Res, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Masse, Jacques] IFREMER, F-44311 Nantes, France. [Niquen, Miguel] IMARPE, Chucuito, Callao, Peru. [Nishida, Hiroshi] Natl Res Inst Fisheries Sci, Kanazawa Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2368648, Japan. [Oozeki, Yoshioki] Fisheries Res Agcy, Natl Res Inst Fisheries Sci, Kanazawa Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2368648, Japan. [Palomera, Isabel] CSIC, Inst Ciencias Mar, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain. [Saccardo, Suzana A.; Santojanni, Alberto] CNR, ISMAR, I-60125 Ancona, Italy. [Serra, Rodolfo] Inst Fomento Pesquero, Valparaiso, Chile. [Somarakis, Stylianos] Univ Patras, Dept Biol, Patras 26500, Greece. [Stratoudakis, Yorgos] IPIMAR, INIAP, P-1449006 Lisbon, Portugal. [Uriarte, Andres] AZTI, Pasaia 20110, Basque Country, Spain. [van der Lingen, Carl D.] Marine & Coastal Management, ZA-8012 Cape Town, South Africa. [Yatsu, Akihiko] Hokkaido Natl Fisheries Res Inst, Kushiro, Hokkaido 0850802, Japan. RP Barange, M (reprint author), Plymouth Marine Lab, Prospect Pl, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. RI Palomera, Isabel/L-4769-2014; CNR, Ismar/P-1247-2014; Dickey-Collas, Mark/A-8036-2008 OI Palomera, Isabel/0000-0001-5708-168X; CNR, Ismar/0000-0001-5351-1486; NR 375 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 16 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-88482-2 PY 2009 BP 191 EP 255 PG 65 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BDI49 UT WOS:000313446500011 ER PT J AU Herrick, SF Norton, JG Hannesson, R Sumaila, UR Ahmed, M Pena-Torres, J AF Herrick, Samuel F., Jr. Norton, Jerrold G. Hannesson, Rognvaldur Sumaila, U. Rashid Ahmed, Mahfuzuddin Pena-Torres, Julio BE Checkley, DM Alheit, J Oozeki, Y Roy, C TI Global production and economics SO CLIMATE CHANGE AND SMALL PELAGIC FISH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SARDINE SARDINOPS-SAGAX; ENVIRONMENTAL-INFLUENCES; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FISH; MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES; VARIABILITY; AQUACULTURE; PATTERNS AB Global production and trade in small pelagic fish (SPF) are affected by complex interactions between physical, ecological and economic systems, which give rise to relatively long-term, asynchronous cycles in SPF abundance and distribution. These cycles can have serious impacts on local SPF fisheries' production, but because they tend to be counterbalancing, global production of SPF tends to remain relatively stable. Nevertheless, recent patterns of landings indicate that most SPF are being harvested at or near their maximum yield levels, which in the face of increasing demand is expected to result in rising prices in supply-limited markets. Adding to these concerns are the uncertainties of climate change, which leads us to consider important economic issues related to SPF fisheries production, starting with how the redistribution of SPF resources affects respective rates of resource utilization, particularly when SPF move between independently managed fishing zones. This entails an associated issue, the time preferences for experiencing the range of benefits from SPF resources among nations sharing access to these resources. Because the ecological and economic impacts of climate change will extend well beyond directed SPF fisheries, we consider the economic impact of a climate-SPF regime shift from an ecosystem perspective. Of interest here is the full range of economic benefits SPF resources provide; not only their commercial value, but as prey for commercially valuable predators, and for recreational and non-commercial predators. In this context we examine the socially optimum use of these resources, balancing the benefits from commercially harvesting SPF with those from leaving them in the ocean ecosystem. Lastly, we address the impact of climate change on SPF-dependent developing coastal communities, which rely heavily on SPF resources for livelihoods and food security making them particularly vulnerable to unfavorable climate-related changes in the abundance and distribution of these resources. Overall, our investigation suggests that developed nations would likely favor a long-term, cooperative approach towards international stewardship of SPF resources that focuses on the full range of potential economic benefits, while developing nations would probably be more concerned with capturing the commercial benefits from SPF resources now in order to address more immediate social objectives. C1 [Herrick, Samuel F., Jr.] NOAA, NMFS, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Norton, Jerrold G.] NOAA, NMFS, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Hannesson, Rognvaldur] Norwegian Sch Econ & Business Adm, N-5045 Bergen, Norway. [Sumaila, U. Rashid] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Econ Res Unit, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Ahmed, Mahfuzuddin] WorldFish Ctr, Bayan Lepas 11960, Penang, Malaysia. [Pena-Torres, Julio] Univ Alberto Hurtado, Santiago 1835, Chile. RP Herrick, SF (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-88482-2 PY 2009 BP 256 EP 274 PG 19 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BDI49 UT WOS:000313446500012 ER PT J AU MacCall, AD AF MacCall, Alec D. BE Checkley, DM Alheit, J Oozeki, Y Roy, C TI Mechanisms of low-frequency fluctuations in sardine and anchovy populations SO CLIMATE CHANGE AND SMALL PELAGIC FISH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PACIFIC SARDINE; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; NORTHERN ANCHOVY; ENGRAULIS-MORDAX; SPECIES REPLACEMENT; MESOSCALE EDDIES; FISH POPULATIONS; PELAGIC FISHES; SPAWNING AREA; SAGAX AB The hypothesized mechanisms reviewed in this chapter have been selected as having potential for generating low frequency variability in sardine (Sardinops spp.) and anchovy (Engraulis spp.) populations such as those experienced in the California Current, Humboldt Current, and the Benguela and Kuroshio Current systems. No generally accepted theory yet exists. An initial framework for such a theory is proposed, in which sardine productivity is linked to low frequency variability in boundary current flows, which is also related to the characteristic sea surface temperature anomalies associated with sardine productivity in these systems. During periods of weaker flow, planktonic sardine larvae are able to gain swimming capacity before being flushed from the system, allowing sardines to inhabit the main body of the boundary current. During periods of stronger flows, successful sardine reproduction is restricted to coastal waters, and productivity is relatively low. Anchovies are always restricted to coastal waters, and are more influenced by upwelling and coastal productivity; these characteristics tend to be correlated with boundary current fluctuations, giving rise to a tendency (but not requirement) of sardine and anchovy alternations. The Japanese system lacks coastal upwelling, but the cold, nutrient-rich Oyashio Current provides an analogous function. A wide variety of mechanisms can be added to this framework as appropriate to individual systems. Physical processes include patterns of boundary current flow, including current meandering and formation of cyclonic eddies. A latitudinal shift in the source water coming from the North Pacific has been identified in the California Current, and contributes to the characteristic temperature and nutrient anomalies. Important biological mechanisms include indeterminate fecundity, strong age-dependent increases in fecundity, temperature preferences, and a regime-dependent plasticity in life history (sardines become longer lived during productive periods). Behavioral mechanisms include possible imprinting on regions or waters where a successful cohort is spawned, and possible learning of favorable migratory paths from older individuals in the population. Patterns of distribution may be abundance dependent, due to density dependent habitat selection, and during periods of low abundance, individuals may mix in schools of other species, whether this is to their advantage or to their disadvantage. Multispecies mechanisms include trophic dynamic influences from both higher and lower trophic levels, as well as competition from other species at similar levels. There is evidence of cyclic dominance of pelagic species in some systems, but it is unclear whether it is driven biologically by competition and predation, or by long-term cyclic properties of the physical environment. Fisheries on sardine and anchovy populations have tended to be intense, and have resulted in rapid declines in abundance when productivity rates decrease. Fisheries also affect demographics, including reduced average lifespan and net lifetime fecundity, as well as introducing geographic variability in survivorship. Fisheries may increase the contrast between favorable and unfavorable regimes. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP MacCall, AD (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. NR 86 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-88482-2 PY 2009 BP 285 EP 299 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BDI49 UT WOS:000313446500014 ER PT J AU Checkley, DM Bakun, A Barange, M Castro, LR Freon, P Guevara-Carrasco, R Herrick, SF MacCall, AD Ommer, R Oozeki, Y Roy, C Shannon, L van der Lingen, CD AF Checkley, David M., Jr. Bakun, Andrew Barange, Manuel Castro, Leonardo R. Freon, Pierre Guevara-Carrasco, Renato Herrick, Samuel F., Jr. MacCall, Alec D. Ommer, Rosemary Oozeki, Yoshioki Roy, Claude Shannon, Lynne van der Lingen, Carl D. BE Checkley, DM Alheit, J Oozeki, Y Roy, C TI Synthesis and perspective SO CLIMATE CHANGE AND SMALL PELAGIC FISH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SARDINE SARDINOPS-SAGAX; ANCHOVY ENGRAULIS-ENCRASICOLUS; COD GADUS-MORHUA; SOUTHERN BENGUELA; SURPLUS PRODUCTION; ECOSYSTEM CHANGES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FISH STOCKS; FISHERIES; OCEAN AB The Small Pelagic Fish and Climate Change (SPACC) program was created to facilitate research on the dynamics of populations of small pelagic fish, including anchovy and sardine. These populations exhibit large variations in size, extent, and production on the scale of decades. At times, anchovy and sardine alternate in abundance. Collectively, small pelagic fish often occupy a central role in the food web they occur in, often described as a wasp-waist ecosystem. Humans are an integral part of those ecosystems. Variability of populations of small pelagic fish is believed to be due primarily to variations in climate and fishing, but the mechanisms of these relations remain unknown in most cases. It is also uncertain whether these ecosystems alternate between states, e. g. regimes, and whether inherent variability may limit our ability to predict their future states. The fisheries for populations of small pelagic fish are increasingly global in nature. While the global catch of small pelagic fish constitutes approximately one-quarter of the world fish catch and has been relatively constant during the past several decades, the catch of individual taxa and stocks varies much more. The management of these fisheries will be challenged by increasing demand for human consumption and mariculture in light of their finite and variable production, importance within the ecosystem, and unprecedented climate change, and will depend on both science and governance. We recommend continued, global research on climate change effects on small pelagic fish, and its periodic assessment for use by decision makers. C1 [Checkley, David M., Jr.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Bakun, Andrew] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Pew Inst Ocean Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Barange, Manuel] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. [Castro, Leonardo R.] Univ Concepcion, Lab Oceanog Pesquera & Ecol Larval, Dept Oceanog, Concepcion, Chile. [Freon, Pierre] IRD, Ctr Rech Halieut, ECO UP Unit, F-34203 Sete, France. [Guevara-Carrasco, Renato] Inst Mar Peru, Lima, Peru. [Herrick, Samuel F., Jr.] NOAA, NMFS, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [MacCall, Alec D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Ommer, Rosemary] Univ Victoria, CEOR, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. [Oozeki, Yoshioki] Fisheries Res Agcy, Natl Res Inst Fisheries Sci, Kanazawa Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2368648, Japan. [Roy, Claude] IRD, Plouzane, France. [Shannon, Lynne] Univ Cape Town, Marine Res MA RE Inst, ZA-7702 Cape Town, South Africa. [van der Lingen, Carl D.] Marine & Coastal Management, ZA-8012 Cape Town, South Africa. RP Checkley, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Shannon, Lynne/A-1612-2015; Roy, Claude /C-9759-2010; OI Shannon, Lynne/0000-0001-7842-0636; Bakun, Andrew/0000-0002-4366-3846 NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-88482-2 PY 2009 BP 344 EP 351 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BDI49 UT WOS:000313446500017 ER PT J AU Lowrey, JL Ray, AJ Webb, RS AF Lowrey, Jessica L. Ray, Andrea J. Webb, Robert S. TI Factors influencing the use of climate information by Colorado municipal water managers SO CLIMATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Climate information; Climate products; Climate services; Water management; Western USA; Drought ID EL-NINO; FORECASTS; DROUGHT; POLICY; RISK; PERCEPTION; ARIZONA; LESSONS; WEATHER; SCIENCE AB Water supplies in Colorado are sensitive to climate variability. Throughout the study period (2004-2009), there was an increase in demand for climate products and climate education by water management decision makers, which we attribute to a severe drought beginning in 2002 that changed the decision makers' perception of risk. Once decision makers recognized that they were vulnerable to water supply shortages, they sought out information and education from the Western Water Assessment (WWA). Building on relationships established prior to the 2002 drought, the WWA improved the climate literacy of water managers through enhanced interaction, which resulted in an increased use of climate information, outlooks (i.e. seasonal forecasts), and projections in water planning. In addition to the way that climate science can inform decision-making, we documented how decision makers can inform climate science of the need for additional research. In this article, we show the evolution of the use of different types of climate products and explain the connections among drought, perception of risk, climate literacy, and interactions with climate information providers. C1 [Lowrey, Jessica L.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ray, Andrea J.; Webb, Robert S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lowrey, JL (reprint author), 625 Glenwood Dr, Lafayette, CO 80026 USA. EM jessica.lowrey@colorado.edu FU NOAA Climate Programs Office to the Western Water Assessment; NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research FX The authors are grateful to K. B. Averyt for her advice and editing assistance, to N. Doesken for information on the history of the WATF, and to D. S. Kenney, R. Klein, and R. S. Pulwarty for editing versions of this manuscript. Funding to support this research came from the NOAA Climate Programs Office to the Western Water Assessment and the NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research. NR 47 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 20 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0936-577X EI 1616-1572 J9 CLIM RES JI Clim. Res. PY 2009 VL 40 IS 1 BP 103 EP 119 DI 10.3354/cr00827 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 524HY UT WOS:000272135600008 ER PT J AU Leary, N Averyt, K Hewitson, B Marengo, J AF Leary, Neil Averyt, Kristen Hewitson, Bruce Marengo, Jose TI Crossing thresholds in regional climate research: synthesis of the IPCC expert meeting on regional impacts, adaptation, vulnerability, and mitigation INTRODUCTION SO CLIMATE RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material DE Climate change; TGICA; Risk management AB Contributions of regional scale climate change research to the management of climate risks were explored at a meeting of researchers, policymakers, and practitioners in June 2007 (convened by the Task Group on Data and Scenario Support for Impact and Climate Analysis of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). Although existing knowledge is already being used to inform a wide variety of decisions in multiple contexts, there remain significant knowledge gaps that hamper effective climate-risk management, particularly at the interfaces of different spatial and temporal scales of analysis and cross-system interactions. In this Introduction we synthesize discussions of such knowledge gaps, and highlight recommendations for user-oriented research that produces and communicates information that is credible, defensible, and actionable for climate-risk management. C1 [Leary, Neil] Dickinson Coll, Carlisle, PA 17013 USA. [Averyt, Kristen] Univ Colorado, NOAA Western Water Assessment, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hewitson, Bruce] Univ Cape Town, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Marengo, Jose] CPTEC INPE, BR-12630000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Leary, N (reprint author), Dickinson Coll, POB 1773, Carlisle, PA 17013 USA. EM learyn@dickinson.edu RI Marengo, Jose /J-9382-2012; Hewitson, Bruce/B-3295-2014 OI Marengo, Jose /0000-0002-8154-2762; Hewitson, Bruce/0000-0001-7546-4430 NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0936-577X J9 CLIM RES JI Clim. Res. PY 2009 VL 40 IS 2-3 BP 121 EP 131 DI 10.3354/cr00832 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 543MM UT WOS:000273582100001 ER PT J AU Miller, WG Bruns, DE Hortin, GL Sandberg, S Aakre, KM McQueen, MJ Itoh, Y Lieske, JC Seccombe, DW Jones, G Bunk, DM Curhan, GC Narva, AS AF Miller, W. Greg Bruns, David E. Hortin, Glen L. Sandberg, Sverre Aakre, Kristin M. McQueen, Matthew J. Itoh, Yoshihisa Lieske, John C. Seccombe, David W. Jones, Graham Bunk, David M. Curhan, Gary C. Narva, Andrew S. CA Natl Kidney Dis Educ Program-IFCC Working Grp Std Albumin Urine TI Current Issues in Measurement and Reporting of Urinary Albumin Excretion SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID HUMAN-SERUM-ALBUMIN; CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; EXERCISE-INDUCED PROTEINURIA; DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS; FROZEN STORAGE; ORTHOSTATIC PROTEINURIA; FANCONI-SYNDROME; TRACT-INFECTION AB BACKGROUND: Urinary excretion of albumin indicates kidney damage and is recognized as a risk factor for progression of kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. The role of urinary albumin measurements has focused attention on the clinical need for accurate and clearly reported results. The National Kidney Disease Education Program and the IFCC converted a conference to assess the current state of preanalytical, analytical, and postanalytical issues affecting urine albumin measurements and to identify areas needing improvement. CONTENT: The chemistry of albumin in urine is incompletely understood. Current guidelines recommend the use of the albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) as a surrogate for the error-prone collection of timed urine samples. Although ACR results are affected by patient preparation and time of day of sample collection, neither is standardized. Considerable intermethod differences have been reported for both albumin and creatinine measurement, but trueness is unknown because there are no reference measurement procedures for albumin and no reference materials for either analyte in urine. The recommended reference intervals for the ACR do not take into account the large intergroup differences in creatinine excretion (e.g., related to differences in age, sex, and ethnicity) nor the continuous increase in risk related to albumin excretion. DISCUSSION: Clinical needs have been identified for standardization of (a) urine collection methods, (b) urine albumin and creatinine measurements based on a complete reference system, (c) reporting of test results, and (d) reference intervals for the ACR. (C) 2008 American Association for Clinical Chemistry C1 [Miller, W. Greg] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Pathol, Richmond, VA USA. [Bruns, David E.] Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. [Hortin, Glen L.] NIH, Dept Lab Med, Warren G Magnuson Clin Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Sandberg, Sverre; Aakre, Kristin M.] Norwegian Qual Improvement Lab Serv Primary Care, NOKLUS, Bergen, Norway. [Sandberg, Sverre; Aakre, Kristin M.] Haukeland Hosp, Lab Clin Biochem, Bergen, Norway. [McQueen, Matthew J.] McMaster Univ, Dept Pathol & Mol Med, Hamilton Reg Lab, Program Med, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Itoh, Yoshihisa] Asahikawa Med Coll, Dept Lab Med, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078, Japan. [Lieske, John C.] Mayo Clin, Renal Funct Lab, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Div Nephrol & Hypertens,Dept Internal Med, Rochester, MN USA. [Seccombe, David W.] Univ British Columbia, Canadian External Qual Assessment Lab, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Seccombe, David W.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Jones, Graham] St Vincents Hosp Sydney, Dept Chem Pathol, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Bunk, David M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Curhan, Gary C.] Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Med,Renal Div, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Narva, Andrew S.] Natl Inst Diabet & Digest Dis, Natl Kidney Dis Educ Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Miller, WG (reprint author), POB 980286, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. EM gmiller@vcu.edu NR 128 TC 144 Z9 166 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 55 IS 1 BP 24 EP 38 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2008.106567 PG 15 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 392LJ UT WOS:000262303900008 PM 19028824 ER PT J AU Badillo, RB Banner, W Morris, J Schaeffer, SE AF Badillo, R. B. Banner, W. Morris, J., Jr. Schaeffer, S. E. TI A Case Study of Lionfish Sting Induced Paralysis SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Badillo, R. B.; Banner, W.; Schaeffer, S. E.] Univ Oklahoma, Coll Pharm, Oklahoma City, OK USA. [Morris, J., Jr.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm 101, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1556-3650 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PY 2009 VL 47 IS 7 MA 150 BP 732 EP 732 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 496SH UT WOS:000269996600165 ER PT J AU Feingold, G Siebert, H AF Feingold, Graham Siebert, Holger BE Heintzenberg, J Charlson, RJ TI Cloud-Aerosol Interactions from the Micro to the Cloud Scale SO CLOUDS IN THE PERTURBED CLIMATE SYSTEM: THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO ENERGY BALANCE, ATMOSPHERIC DYNAMICS, AND PRECIPITATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Clouds in the Perturbed Climate System CY MAR 02-07, 2008 CL Frankfurt, GERMANY ID STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS; PARTICLE-PRODUCTION; CLEAR-AIR; ALBEDO; POLLUTION; DROPLETS; CLIMATE; PRECIPITATION; CONDENSATION; SULFATE AB The effect of suspended particles ( aerosol) on clouds and precipitation from the micro to the cloud scale has been well studied through laboratory, in-situ, and remote-sensing data but many uncertainties remain. In particular, there is scant observational evidence of aerosol effects on surface precipitation. Clouds and precipitation modify the amount of aerosol through both physical and chemical processes so that a three-way interactive feedback between aerosol, cloud microphysics, and cloud dynamics must be considered. The fundamental cloud microphysical properties are driven by dynamics; vertical motions and mixing processes between the cloud and its environment determine the concentration of cloud water, a key parameter for both climate and precipitation. However, aerosol particles can significantly affect the microphysics and dynamics of clouds by changing the size distribution of drops, their ability to grow to raindrops, their rates of evaporation, and their mixing with the environment. The physical system is strongly coupled and attempting to separate aerosol effects has only been done using some simple constructs, some of which will be shown to be of dubious utility. Both observations and modeling suggest that not only the magnitude, but perhaps also the sign of these effects, depends on the larger-scale meteorological context in which aerosol-cloud interactions are embedded. Some alternate approaches are considered, as we explore the possibility of self-regulation processes that may act to limit the range over which aerosol significantly affects clouds. C1 [Feingold, Graham] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Chem Sci Div R CSD3, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Feingold, G (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Chem Sci Div R CSD3, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009 NR 44 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA BN 978-0-262-01287-4 PY 2009 BP 319 EP 338 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BPL79 UT WOS:000279170900015 ER PT J AU Safford, TG Carlson, ML Hart, ZH AF Safford, Thomas G. Carlson, Margen L. Hart, Zachary H. TI Stakeholder Collaboration and Organizational Innovation in the Planning of the Deschutes Estuary Feasibility Study SO COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE collaboration; cooperative research; estuary restoration; organizational behavior; stakeholder involvement; Washington State ID NATURAL-RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; COOPERATIVE RESEARCH; PUBLIC-PARTICIPATION; WATERSHED MANAGEMENT; CHALLENGES; COASTAL AB Coastal managers have sought to enhance the collaborative inputs of stakeholder groups into management activities. Nonetheless, established organizational approaches have led to primarily consultative forms of engagement and constrained citizen involvement in formative activities. In Olympia, Washington, managers overseeing the Deschutes Estuary Feasibility Study (DEFS) implemented an innovative cooperative research planning initiative that diverged from conventional consultative processes. Stakeholders, rather than government officials, identified the research priorities for the socioeconomic component of this restoration feasibility study. This design method altered the traditional roles and responsibilities of different organizational actors, and the involvement of citizen groups in these formative activities changed the relationship between governmental and nongovernmental actors. Using conceptual frameworks from organizational sociology, this study develops insights into the behavior of the organizations involved with the DEFS cooperative planning effort, demonstrating how engaging stakeholders in formative research planning activities may foster new types of collaboration among coastal management organizations. C1 [Safford, Thomas G.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Sociol, Horton Social Sci Ctr 417, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Safford, Thomas G.] Univ New Hampshire, UNH Marine Program, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Carlson, Margen L.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA USA. [Hart, Zachary H.] IMSG NOAA Coastal Serv Ctr, Human Dimens Program, Charleston, SC USA. RP Safford, TG (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Sociol, Horton Social Sci Ctr 417, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM Tom.Safford@unh.edu NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0892-0753 EI 1521-0421 J9 COAST MANAGE JI Coast. Manage. PY 2009 VL 37 IS 6 BP 514 EP 528 DI 10.1080/08920750903044774 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 532SB UT WOS:000272768700002 ER PT S AU Liu, PC Wu, CH MacHutchon, KR Schwab, DJ AF Liu, P. C. Wu, C. H. MacHutchon, K. R. Schwab, D. J. BE Brebbia, CA Benassai, G Rodriguez, GR TI An analysis of measurement from a 3D oceanic wave field SO COASTAL PROCESSES SE WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Physical Coastal Processes, Management and Engineering CY SEP 14-16, 2009 CL MALTA SP Wessex Inst Technol, Univ Pharthenope, Univ Las Palmas, WIT Transact Ecol & Environm DE wind waves; 3D wave measurements; ocean waves; wave data analysis AB We present here a preliminary examination and analysis of a small suite of 3D wave data to explore what new insight or inference we can garner - particularly toward the realm where conventional approaches have not yet been. While we caught a few glimpses that might indicate a need for new conceptualizations, it by no means negates the vast positive contributions that the conventional approaches have allowed us to make in the past century. We feel it is timely to encourage further 3D ocean wave measurement and thereby facilitate fresh new states of study and to enhance our understanding of ocean waves. C1 [Liu, P. C.; Schwab, D. J.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Liu, PC (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RI Wu, Chin/C-2042-2009 OI Wu, Chin/0000-0001-8393-1940 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WIT PRESS/COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS PUBLICATIONS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, ASHURST, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ENGLAND SN 1743-3541 BN 978-1-84564-200-6 J9 WIT TRANS ECOL ENVIR PY 2009 VL 126 BP 15 EP 26 DI 10.2495/CP090021 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BNL25 UT WOS:000274847500002 ER PT J AU Park, SH Choi, MY Yozgatligil, A AF Park, Seul-Hyun Choi, Mun Young Yozgatligil, Ahmet TI NANOSTRUCTURE OF SOOT COLLECTED FROM ETHANOL DROPLET FLAMES IN MICROGRAVITY SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Droplet combustion; Microgravity; Soot nanostructure ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; DIFFUSION FLAMES; CARBON NANOTUBES; COMBUSTION; PARTICLES; BEHAVIOR; MORPHOLOGY; PYROLYSIS; AEROSOLS AB The nanostructure of soot particles collected from spherically symmetric ethanol droplet flames were analyzed using a high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Nanostructure properties, including fringe length and curvature of carbon lamellae, were measured for soot particles collected in various inert environments. The sampling experiments were performed in the reduced gravity environments produced in the NASA 2.2 sec Droptower at the Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio. Microgravity droplet combustion experiments provide unique opportunities to vary the residence times over a large range and to independently vary the temperature. In this study, the time-temperature histories experienced by the soot particles were adjusted by means of inert substitutions (argon vs. helium) and variations in the initial droplet diameters (ranging from 1.6 to 2.2 mm). The variations in the initial droplet diameter were found to affect only the residence time necessary for soot inception and growth, whereas inert substitutions modified both residence time and temperature. The measurements of soot nanostructure properties indicated that the higher temperatures produced in the argon inert environment produced more graphitic nanostructures, while the lower temperatures produced in the helium inert environment produced more amorphous nanostructures at the inner core of the soot primary particle. The variations in the initial droplet diameter produced distinct soot nanostructures on the periphery of the soot particle. The higher residence times experienced for the largest initial droplet diameter experiments produced longer carbon lamellae with negligible curvature, while the lower residence times for the smallest initial droplet diameter experiments produced shorter carbon lamellae with higher degrees of curvature. These experimental results provide important foundational understanding of the influence of residence time and temperature on the soot nanostructure that has not been studied previously. C1 [Park, Seul-Hyun] Drexel Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Choi, Mun Young] Univ Connecticut, Dept Mech Engn, Storrs, CT USA. [Yozgatligil, Ahmet] Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. RP Park, SH (reprint author), NIST, BFRL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM seulpark@nist.gov RI Yozgatligil, Ahmet/A-9682-2016 OI Yozgatligil, Ahmet/0000-0002-7655-7695 FU NASA [NCC3-822]; Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) [M06-2003-000-10159-0] FX Support from NASA through grant NCC3-822 is gratefully acknowledged. S.-H. Park would like to acknowledge support from Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) under grant M06-2003-000-10159-0. NR 52 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 2009 VL 181 IS 9 BP 1164 EP 1186 DI 10.1080/00102200903074154 PG 23 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 541BO UT WOS:000273386300004 ER PT S AU Lippiatt, BC AF Lippiatt, Barbara C. BE Bennett, ARK Meadows, DF TI Evaluating Sustainability Using Standard Approaches: The BEES Tool SO COMMON GROUND, CONSENSUS BUILDING AND CONTINUAL IMPROVEMENT: INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS AND SUSTAINABLE BUILDING SE American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical Publications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Common Ground, Consensus Building and Continual Improvement CY APR 19-20, 2007 CL Washington, DC SP ASTM DE building products; economic performance; environmental performance; green buildings; life cycle assessment; life-cycle costing; multiattribute decision analysis; sustainable development AB In support of the ASTM International, Symposium on Common Ground, Consensus Building and Continual Improvement, this paper describes the BEES (Building for Environmental and Economic Sustainability) software that integrates standard approaches for selecting cost-effective, environmentally-preferable building products, Version 4.0 of the Windows-based decision support software, aimed at designers, builders, and product manufacturers, includes actual environmental and economic performance data for over 230 building products across a range of functional applications. BEES measures the environmental performance of building products using the environmental life-cycle assessment approach specified in International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 14040 standards. All stages in the life of a product are analyzed: raw material acquisition, manufacture, transportation, installation, use, and waste management. Economic performance Is measured using the ASTM International standard life-cycle cost method (E 917), which covers the costs of initial investment, replacement, operation, maintenance and repair, and disposal. Environmental and economic performance are combined into an overall performance measure using the ASTM standard for Multiattribute Decision Analysis (E 1765). For the entire BEES analysis, building products are defined and classified based on the ASTM standard classification for building elements known as UNIFORMAT II (E 1557). C1 [Lippiatt, Barbara C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 978-0-8031-4507-8 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2009 VL 1503 BP 25 EP 35 DI 10.1520/STP47519S PG 11 WC Construction & Building Technology; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Construction & Building Technology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BIX14 UT WOS:000263549200004 ER PT J AU Rukhin, AL AF Rukhin, Andrew L. TI Sequential Testing to Guarantee the Necessary Sample Size in Clinical Trials SO COMMUNICATIONS IN STATISTICS-THEORY AND METHODS LA English DT Article DE Borel distribution; Clinical trials; Enrollment process; Lagrangian Poisson distribution; Locally optimal test; Poisson process ID POISSON-PROCESS RATE; BOUNDARIES AB This article addresses the sequential sampling issues related to attainment of a given number of subjects in a Poisson arrival process. The problem of guaranteeing the necessary sample size is formulated as that of open-ended hypothesis testing. To implement the procedure a one-sided stopping boundary must be specified. The formulas for the probabilities of general stopping time distribution are derived. For the linear boundary they are in the class of Lagrangian Poisson distributions. A locally optimal test is obtained. C1 NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rukhin, AL (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andrew.rukhin@nist.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0361-0926 J9 COMMUN STAT-THEOR M JI Commun. Stat.-Theory Methods PY 2009 VL 38 IS 16-17 BP 3114 EP 3122 AR PII 914072536 DI 10.1080/03610920902947584 PG 9 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 485TN UT WOS:000269147300035 ER PT B AU Raman, B Meier, DC Semancik, S AF Raman, Baranidharan Meier, Douglas C. Semancik, Steve BE Ryan, MA Shevade, AV Taylor, CJ Homer, ML Blanco, M Stetter, JR TI A Statistical Approach to Materials Evaluation and Selection for Chemical Sensor Arrays SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR SENSOR MATERIAL SELECTION SE Integrated Analytical Systems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GAS SENSORS AB We present a generic approach for designing sensor arrays for a given chemical sensing task. First, we present a correlation-based metric to systematically assess the analytical information obtained from the conductometric responses of chemiresistive films as a function of their operating temperatures and material composition. We illustrate how this measure can also be used to test the reproducibility of signals obtained from sensors of equal manufacture. Next, complementing the correlation-based analysis, we employ a statistical dimensionality-reduction algorithm to visualize the multivariate sensor response obtained from sensor arrays. We adapt this method to quantify the discriminability of chemical fingerprints. Finally, we show how to determine an optimal set of material compositions to be incorporated within an array for individual species' recognition when practical constraints/tradeoffs on fabrication are also considered. We validate our approach by designing a microsensor array for the task of recognizing a chemical hazard at sub-lethal concentrations in complex environments. C1 [Raman, Baranidharan; Meier, Douglas C.; Semancik, Steve] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Semancik, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM steves@nist.gov NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-73714-0 J9 INTEGR ANAL SYST PY 2009 BP 221 EP 244 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-73715-7_10 PG 24 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BLW29 UT WOS:000271213000010 ER PT S AU Crowell, S Williams, D Mavriplis, C Wicker, L AF Crowell, Sean Williams, Dustin Mavriplis, Catherine Wicker, Louis BE Allen, G Seidel, E Dongarra, J Nabrzyski, J VanAlbada, GD Sloot, PMA TI Comparison of Traditional and Novel Discretization Methods for Advection Models in Numerical Weather Prediction SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - ICCS 2009 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Computational Science CY MAY 25-27, 2009 CL Baton Rouge, LA SP Louisiana Univ, Ctr Computat & Technol, Univ Amsterdam, Univ Tennessee DE Numerical weather prediction; spectral differencing; discontinuous Galerkin; advection ID SPECTRAL DIFFERENCE METHOD AB Numerical Weather Prediction has been dominated by low order finite difference methodology over many years. The advent of high performance computers and the development of high order methods over the last two decades point to a need to investigate the use of more advanced numerical techniques in this field. Domain decomposable high order methods such as spectral element and discontinuous Galerkin, while generally more expensive (except perhaps in the context of high performance computing), exhibit faster convergence to high accuracy Solutions and can locally resolve highly nonlinear phenomena. This paper presents comparisons of CPU time, number of degrees of freedom and overall behavior Of Solutions for finite difference, spectral difference and discontinuous Galerkin methods on two model advection problems. In particular, spectral differencing is investigated as an alternative to spectral-based methods which exhibit stringent explicit time step requirements. C1 [Crowell, Sean; Williams, Dustin] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Mavriplis, Catherine] Univ Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Wicker, Louis] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Crowell, S (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM scrowell@ou.edu; vanillaice@ou.edu; Catherine.Mavriplis@uottawa.ca; Louis.Wicker@noaa.gov FU US National Science Foundation under CMG [0530820] FX This work has been supported by the US National Science Foundation under CMG grant 0530820. Fruitful discussions with Amik St-Cyr have influenced this work. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-01972-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2009 VL 5545 BP 263 EP + PN II PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BJV96 UT WOS:000267286400031 ER PT S AU Potra, FA Simiu, E AF Potra, F. A. Simiu, E. BE Hernandez, S Brebbia, CA TI Semi-infinite programming in multi-hazard structural design SO COMPUTER AIDED OPTIMUM DESIGN IN ENGINEERING XI SE WIT Transactions on the Built Environment LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Computer Aided Optimum Design of Structures CY 2009 CL Algarve, PORTUGAL SP Wessex Inst Technol, Univ La Coruna, WITTransact Built Environm AB Optimal multi-hazard structural design consists in determining a vector of design variables, subjected to the constraints imposed by all the hazards to which the structure is exposed, such that the cost or weight of the structure is minimized. In particular, the design variables should be determined is such a way that the load-induced stresses and deflections are kept below specified thresholds at all points of the resulting structure. Since there are infinitely many such points, the optimization problem becomes a semi-infinite programming problem. In the present paper we discuss the difficulties involved in the numerical solution of the semi-infinite programming problems arising in multi-hazard structural design. We show that it is possible to construct efficient and robust optimization algorithms, by adaptively choosing a family of finite sets of points on the structure, and by using interior point methods for solving the corresponding optimization problems. C1 [Potra, F. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Potra, FA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1746-4498 BN 978-1-84564-185-6 J9 WIT TRANS BUILT ENV PY 2009 VL 106 BP 13 EP 20 DI 10.2495/OP090021 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BMB22 UT WOS:000271724700002 ER PT J AU Bischoff, JE Drexler, ES Slifka, AJ McCowan, CN AF Bischoff, Jeffrey E. Drexler, Elizabeth S. Slifka, Andrew J. McCowan, Christopher N. TI Quantifying nonlinear anisotropic elastic material properties of biological tissue by use of membrane inflation SO COMPUTER METHODS IN BIOMECHANICS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE cardiovascular; inflation; parameter regression; material optimisation ID FINITE-ELEMENT MODEL; SOFT-TISSUES; VISCOELASTIC BEHAVIOR; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PULMONARY-ARTERIES; STRUCTURAL MODEL; WALLS; INDENTATION; FIELD; AORTA AB Determination of material parameters for soft tissue frequently involves regression of material parameters for nonlinear, anisotropic constitutive models against experimental data from heterogeneous tests. Here, parameter estimation based on membrane inflation is considered. A four parameter nonlinear, anisotropic hyperelastic strain energy function was used to model the material, in which the parameters are cast in terms of key response features. The experiment was simulated using finite element (FE) analysis in order to predict the experimental measurements of pressure versus profile strain. Material parameter regression was automated using inverse FE analysis; parameter values were updated by use of both local and global techniques, and the ability of these techniques to efficiently converge to a best case was examined. This approach provides a framework in which additional experimental data, including surface strain measurements or local structural information, may be incorporated in order to quantify heterogeneous nonlinear material properties. C1 [Bischoff, Jeffrey E.] Inc, Zimmer, Warsaw, IN USA. [Drexler, Elizabeth S.; Slifka, Andrew J.; McCowan, Christopher N.] Div Mat Reliabil, NIST, Boulder, CO USA. [Bischoff, Jeffrey E.] Zimmer Inc, Warsaw, IN USA. [Drexler, Elizabeth S.; Slifka, Andrew J.; McCowan, Christopher N.] NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO USA. RP Bischoff, JE (reprint author), Zimmer Inc, Warsaw, IN USA. EM jeff.bischoff@zimmer.com NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1025-5842 EI 1476-8259 J9 COMPUT METHOD BIOMEC JI Comput. Methods Biomech. Biomed. Eng. PY 2009 VL 12 IS 3 BP 353 EP 369 AR PII 908565713 DI 10.1080/10255840802609420 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 482TO UT WOS:000268911800010 PM 19396729 ER PT J AU Beichl, I AF Beichl, Isabel TI BEGIN AT THE BEGINNING SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Beichl, I (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 11 IS 1 BP 3 EP 3 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 388CV UT WOS:000261998800001 ER PT S AU Quinn, GD AF Quinn, George D. BE Salem, J Fuller, ER TI FRACTOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF MINIATURE THETA SPECIMENS SO CORROSION, WEAR, FATIGUE, AND RELIABILITY OF CERAMICS SE CERAMIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 27-FEB 01, 2008 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc, ACerS Engn Ceram Div ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; BRITTLE MATERIALS; STRENGTH; SILICON AB The theta strength test specimen is a simple and elegant way to measure the strength of small structures. Ring shaped test specimens with a central web are compressed diametrally so that the middle web section is stretched in uniform tension. The compression loading scheme eliminates the need for special grips. Prototype miniature silicon specimens with web sections as thin as 7.5 micrometers were fabricated by deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) of single crystal silicon wafers. A conventional nanoindentation machine with a flat head indenter applied load and monitored displacement to fracture. Fractographic analysis of the broken specimens identified fracture mirrors and fracture origins. The origins were 200 nm to 500 nm deep DRIE etch pits. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Quinn, GD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-34493-4 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2009 VL 29 IS 3 BP 189 EP 199 DI 10.1002/9780470456347.ch19 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BJD50 UT WOS:000265017600019 ER PT S AU Baranov, YI Lafferty, WJ Ma, Q Tipping, RH AF Baranov, Y. I. Lafferty, W. J. Ma, Q. Tipping, R. H. BE Nakajima, T Yamasoe, MA TI New Experimental Measurements and Theoretical Calculations of the Water Vapor Continuum Absorption in the 800 cm(-1) to 1250 cm(-1) Spectral Region at Temperatures from 311 K to 363 K SO CURRENT PROBLEMS IN ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION (IRS 2008) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Radiation Symposium (IRC/IAMAS) CY AUG 03-08, 2008 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL SP Coordinat Improve Higher Educat Personnel, Ctr Climate Syst Res, Natl Council Sci & Technol Dev, EKO Instruments, Sao Paulo St Res Support Fdn, Natl Inst Sp Res, Itaipu Binatl, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Kipp & Zonen, NASA, Univ Sao Paulo, Grad Prorectorate DE Water Vapor Continuum; Absorption Coefficients; Line Shapes ID WINDOW AB Water vapor self-continuum absorption coefficients at 27 micro-windows in the infrared spectral region for temperatures raging from 310.8 K to 363.6 K were measured. By considering contributions from far wings of allowed H2O lines, theoretical calculations of the continuum at these windows are carried out. In general. the agreement between the data and the theory is pretty good, especially their temperature dependence. By comparing the measurements with MT_CKD, the agreement at the low temperature is reasonably good, but at the high temperatures MT_CKD predicts Lip to 50% less than the data. This implies for this temperature region, the MT_CKD temperature dependence is not correct. C1 [Baranov, Y. I.; Lafferty, W. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ma, Q.] Columbia Univ, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studi, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Ma, Q.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Tipping, R. H.] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astronom, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Baranov, YI (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU NASA [NNGO6GB236, FCCS-547]; Biological and Environmental Research Program; U.S. Department of Energy; Interagency Agreement [DE-AIO2-93ER61744] FX Two of the authors (Q. Ma and R. H. Tipping) acknowledge financial support from NASA wider grants NNGO6GB236 and FCCS-547. Q. Ma wishes to acknowledge financial support from the Biological and Environmental Research Program, U.S. Department of Energy, Interagency Agreement No. DE-AIO2-93ER61744. The authors would like to than the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (Livermore, CA) for computer time and facilities provided. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0635-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1100 BP 131 EP + PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJG63 UT WOS:000265672300032 ER PT S AU Podobedov, VB Plusquellic, DF Siegrist, KM Fraser, GT Ma, Q Tipping, RH AF Podobedov, V. B. Plusquellic, D. F. Siegrist, K. M. Fraser, G. T. Ma, Q. Tipping, R. H. BE Nakajima, T Yamasoe, MA TI Laboratory Measurements for the Water Vapor Continuum and Theoretical Calculations for the Water Vapor Foreign Continuum in the Terahertz Spectral Region SO CURRENT PROBLEMS IN ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION (IRS 2008) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Radiation Symposium (IRC/IAMAS) CY AUG 03-08, 2008 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL SP Coordinat Improve Higher Educat Personnel, Ctr Climate Syst Res, Natl Council Sci & Technol Dev, EKO Instruments, Sao Paulo St Res Support Fdn, Natl Inst Sp Res, Itaipu Binatl, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Kipp & Zonen, NASA, Univ Sao Paulo, Grad Prorectorate DE Continuum Absorption; Water Vapor; Terahertz Windows; Submillimeter Wave ID THZ AB We present a spectroscopic study, of the water-vapor continuum absorption in the terahertz spectral region. The experimental technique combines a temperature stabilized multipass absorption cell, a polarizing (Martin-Puplett) interferometric spectrometer, and a liquid-l-le-cooled bolometer detector. The absorbance resulting from a pure water vapor, H2O - N-2 mixture, and H2O - 0, mixture have been measured at terahertz windows in temperatures ranging from 293 to 333 K with spectral resolution of 0.04 to 0.12 cm(-1). By subtracting local line contributions modeled with the HITRAN2004 database and a Van Vleck-Weisskopf lineshape function, the self- and foreign-continuum are derived from the measurements. By fitting continuum results obtained for each of these windows and for all windows into a simple formula, we have obtained parameterizations of the continuum applicable for individual windows and for all windows. Meanwhile. theoretically calculated foreign-continuum is also presented and reasonable agreement with experiment is achieved. C1 [Podobedov, V. B.; Plusquellic, D. F.; Siegrist, K. M.; Fraser, G. T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ma, Q.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys Appl Math, nasa Goddard Inst Space, New York 2880, NY USA. [Tipping, R. H.] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Podobedov, VB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU NIST [NNHO5AB21I]; NASA [NNGO6GB23G, FCCS-547]; Biological and Environmental Research Program; U.S. Department of Energy; Interagency Agreement [DE-AIO2-93ER61744] FX The authors from NIST acknowledge support from grant NNHO5AB21I. Q. Ma and R. H. Tipping acknowledge financial support from NASA under grants NNGO6GB23G and FCCS-547. Q. Ma wishes to acknowledge financial support from the Biological and Environmental Research Program, U.S. Department of Energy, Interagency Agreement No. DE-AIO2-93ER61744. The authors would like to thank the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (Livermore, CA) for computer time and facilities provided. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0635-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1100 BP 151 EP + PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJG63 UT WOS:000265672300037 ER PT S AU Zhao, TXP Loeb, N Laszlo, I Zhou, M AF Zhao, Tom X-P. Loeb, Norman Laszlo, Istvan Zhou, Mi BE Nakajima, T Yamasoe, MA TI Study of Global Component Aerosol Direct Radiative Effect by Combining Satellite Measurement and Model Simulations SO CURRENT PROBLEMS IN ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION (IRS 2008) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Radiation Symposium (IRC/IAMAS) CY AUG 03-08, 2008 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL SP Coordinat Improve Higher Educat Personnel, Ctr Climate Syst Res, Natl Council Sci & Technol Dev, EKO Instruments, Sao Paulo St Res Support Fdn, Natl Inst Sp Res, Itaipu Binatl, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Kipp & Zonen, NASA, Univ Sao Paulo, Grad Prorectorate DE Aerosol optical thickness (AOT); aerosol direct radiative effect (ADRE) AB The two-step approach of combing CERES/MODIS shortwave (SW) flux and aerosol optical thickness (AOT) at 0.55 mu m with the component AOT fractions from the GSFC/GOCART model to derive top of atmosphere (TOA) component aerosol direct radiative effect (ADRE) over the global cloud-free oceans proposed in Zhao et al [2007] has been extended to over cloud-free land areas for a global coverage. Validation has also been performed by comparing our ADRE computation with a calculation from a Fu-Liou radiative transfer model for the global AERONET sites by using the aerosol optical properties observed From AERONET and surface reflectance obtained from MODIS observations as the model inputs. C1 [Zhao, Tom X-P.] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate Study, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20743 USA. [Loeb, Norman] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Zhao, Tom X-P.; Laszlo, Istvan] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Zhou, Mi] IM Syst Grp, Kensington, MD 20895 USA. RP Zhao, TXP (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate Study, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20743 USA. RI Laszlo, Istvan/F-5603-2010 OI Laszlo, Istvan/0000-0002-5747-9708 FU NASA Radiation Program [RSP-0022-0005]; Cooperative Institute Program of NOAA/NEDIS/STAR FX We would like to acknoeledged the NASA CERES project for providing the CERES/MODIS data and Dr. Mian Chin at GSFC for providing the GOCART model data. The leader author is funded by the NASA Radiation Program managed by Dr. Hal Maring through grant RSP-0022-0005 and the Cooperative Institute Program of NOAA/NEDIS/STAR. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0635-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1100 BP 601 EP + PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJG63 UT WOS:000265672300147 ER PT S AU Diaz, S Fioletov, V Herman, J Jalkanen, L Janjai, S Kjeldstad, B Koide, T Seckmeyer, G Simon, P Weatherhead, B Webb, A AF Diaz, Susana Fioletov, Vitali Herman, Jay Jalkanen, Liisa Janjai, Serm Kjeldstad, Berit Koide, Takashi Seckmeyer, Gunther Simon, Paul Weatherhead, Betsy Webb, Ann BE Nakajima, T Yamasoe, MA TI Data Quality Objectives (DQO) for Solar Ultraviolet Radiation SO CURRENT PROBLEMS IN ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION (IRS 2008) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Radiation Symposium (IRC/IAMAS) CY AUG 03-08, 2008 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL SP Coordinat Improve Higher Educat Personnel, Ctr Climate Syst Res, Natl Council Sci & Technol Dev, EKO Instruments, Sao Paulo St Res Support Fdn, Natl Inst Sp Res, Itaipu Binatl, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Kipp & Zonen, NASA, Univ Sao Paulo, Grad Prorectorate DE Ultraviolet Radiation; Data Quality; Instruments AB General objectives for measuring solar ultraviolet (UV) irradiance are: a) To establish a UV climatology by long-term monitoring, e.g. within a network, b) To detect trends in global UV irradiance. c) To provide datasets for specific process studies and for the validation of radiative transfer models and/or satellite derived UV irradiance at the Earth's surface, d) To understand geographic differences in global UV irradiance, c) To gain information about actual UV levels and their diurnal and seasonal variability, f) To provide data for public information and awareness (e.g. UV index). Solar ultraviolet radiation can be measured by different classes of instrument and it is crucial to match the instrument employed to the intended objective. It should also be ensured that sufficient facilities are available to Support the objective in terms of personnel and QA/QC requirements. The three classes of instrument available for solar UV measurement are spectral, broadband and multifilter. Spectral instruments are the most costly, complex and demanding of those available, but provide the most versatile data. Broadband radiometers, tend to be cheaper and have fewer operational problems than spectroradiometers. However, their maintenance and QA/QC can introduce substantial additional cost. Multifilter radiometers combine some of the properties of both broadband and spectral instruments. Not all the above mentioned instruments are suited to all of the objectives. To achieve objectives a,d,e and f, any class of instrument can be used, but it is necessary that it accomplishes a minimum requirement in quality. The second listed objective, trend detection, is the most demanding goal of UV monitoring, and spectral instruments are most suited to this task. The instrument specifications and the QA/QC requirements necessary to enable detection of small trends are very stringent and must be maintained over it prolonged period to justify trend detection. Providing datasets for process studies or satellite validation (objective c) is again best served by spectral instruments. For the validation of radiative transfer models the accuracy of spectral measurements must be comparable to the accuracy needed for trend detection. C1 [Diaz, Susana] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, INGEBI CADIC, Vuelta Obligado 2490, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Fioletov, Vitali] Meteorol Serv Canada, Air Qual Res, Expt Studies Div, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Herman, Jay] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Jalkanen, Liisa] AER, RES, WMO Secretariat, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Janjai, Serm] Silpakorn Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand. [Kjeldstad, Berit] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Koide, Takashi] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Ozone Layer Monitoring Off, Tokyo 1008122, Japan. [Seckmeyer, Gunther] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Meteorol & Climatol, D-30419 Hannover, Germany. [Simon, Paul] Inst Aeron Spatiale Belgique, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. [Weatherhead, Betsy] NOAA, ERL R E, ARXI, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Webb, Ann] Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atm & Environm Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RP Diaz, S (reprint author), Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, INGEBI CADIC, Vuelta Obligado 2490, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. OI Fioletov, Vitali/0000-0002-2731-5956; Herman, Jay/0000-0002-9146-1632 FU AREP (WMO) FX the authors want to thank the AREP (WMO) and their own institutions for their support to produce this document. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0635-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1100 BP 663 EP + PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJG63 UT WOS:000265672300161 ER PT S AU Zeisler, R Unlu, K Heller-Zeisler, S Williamson, RC AF Zeisler, Rolf Uenlue, Kenan Heller-Zeisler, Susan Williamson, R. Craig BE Zeisler, R Unlu, K HellerZeisler, S TI Current Status, Trends, and Needs in Radiochemical Education: the US and Abroad Panel Summary and Discussion SO CURRENT STATUS, TRENDS, AND NEEDS IN RADIOCHEMICAL EDUCATION: THE US AND ABROAD SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Methods and Applications of Radioanalytical Chemistry CY APR 05-10, 2009 CL Kona, HI SP Amer Nucl Soc C1 [Zeisler, Rolf] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zeisler, R (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0701-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1164 BP 3 EP 8 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BMA82 UT WOS:000271693200001 ER PT S AU Hernandez, Y Brown, CM AF Hernandez, Yamali Brown, Craig M. BE Zeisler, R Unlu, K HellerZeisler, S TI User Facilities: The Education of New Neutron Users SO CURRENT STATUS, TRENDS, AND NEEDS IN RADIOCHEMICAL EDUCATION: THE US AND ABROAD SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Methods and Applications of Radioanalytical Chemistry CY APR 05-10, 2009 CL Kona, HI SP Amer Nucl Soc DE Education; outreach; neutron scattering; activities ID SCATTERING; SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFRACTION; STATE AB Neutron scattering is a particularly useful tool enabling the study of compositional, structural and dynamical properties of materials down to the atomic scale. Due to the complexity of operating an intense source of neutrons, this technique is primarily practiced at large national facilities that cater to the research needs of chemists, biologists, physicists, engineers, and material scientists in general. In particular, these user facilities provide specialized instrumentation along with the scientific and technical support required to efficiently utilize it. Since neutron scattering experiments are performed at central facilities rather than in the home-laboratories of individual investigators, the facilities themselves must play a key role in the education and development of new users. The role of neutron scattering facilities in educating young scientists will be examined using examples from current programs at the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research. C1 [Hernandez, Yamali; Brown, Craig M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hernandez, Y (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009 OI Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0701-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1164 BP 52 EP 58 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BMA82 UT WOS:000271693200008 ER PT J AU Rincon, L Almeida, R Alvarellos, JE Garcia-Aldea, D Hasmy, A Gonzalez, C AF Rincon, Luis Almeida, Rafael Enrique Alvarellos, Jose Garcia-Aldea, David Hasmy, Anwar Gonzalez, Carlos TI The sigma delocalization in planar boron clusters SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON LOCALIZATION FUNCTION; INDEPENDENT CHEMICAL-SHIFTS; B-B DISTANCES; TOPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS; AROMATIC-MOLECULES; DENSITY; ATOMS; RINGS AB The sigma delocalization plays an important role in the stability of small boron clusters; therefore, it is important to establish under which circumstances this delocalization contributes to the aromaticity of these molecules. In this work, using electron localization function (ELF) calculations, we show that sigma and pi electrons follow different patterns of delocalization. For sigma electrons the delocalization is mainly due to the p(sigma) radial overlapping which decreases with ring size, thus, considerable delocalization is expected for small rings, while for the pi subsystem, the Huckel rule of organic chemistry works successfully regardless of the cluster size. C1 [Rincon, Luis; Almeida, Rafael] Univ Los Andes, Fac Ciencias, Dept Quim, Merida 5101, Venezuela. [Rincon, Luis; Hasmy, Anwar; Gonzalez, Carlos] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Theoret & Computat Nanosci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Enrique Alvarellos, Jose; Garcia-Aldea, David] Univ Nacl Educ Distancia, Dept Fis Fundamental, Fac Ciencias, E-28080 Madrid, Spain. RP Rincon, L (reprint author), Univ Los Andes, Fac Ciencias, Dept Quim, Merida 5101, Venezuela. EM lrincon@ula.ve RI Alvarellos, Jose /L-7202-2014; Garcia-Aldea, David/M-1927-2014; Almeida, Rafael/A-4282-2015; Rincon, Luis/A-4604-2015 OI Garcia-Aldea, David/0000-0001-7761-982X; NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PY 2009 IS 17 BP 3328 EP 3333 DI 10.1039/b818068g PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 432UV UT WOS:000265160700024 PM 19421636 ER PT J AU Guthrie, WF Liu, HK Rukhin, AL Toman, B Wang, JCM Zhang, NF AF Guthrie, William F. Liu, Hung-kung Rukhin, Andrew L. Toman, Blaza Wang, Jack C. M. Zhang, Nien Fan BE Pavese, F Forbes, AB TI Three Statistical Paradigms for the Assessment and Interpretation of Measurement Uncertainty SO DATA MODELING FOR METROLOGY AND TESTING IN MEASUREMENT SCIENCE SE Modeling and Simulation in Science Engineering and Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Uncertainty analysis; frequentist; Bayesian; fiducial; metrology; statistics ID INFERENCE AB Since its adoption, the ISO Guide has sparked a revolution in uncertainty analysis. Of course, even with all of the positive contributions from the development and adoption of the ISO Guide, there will always be a need to improve the assessment of uncertainty in particular applications and to extend it to cover new areas. Among other work along these lines, the International Committee on Weights and Measures, Joint Committee on Guides in Metrology is currently working on several supplements to the ISO Guide. Other authors have also recently made many important contributions to the theory and practice of uncertainty analysis. The goals of this chapter are to discuss different approaches to uncertainty assessment from a statistical point of view and to relate them to the methods that are currently being used in metrology or are being developed within the metrology community. The particular statistical paradigms under which different methods for uncertainty assessment are described include the frequentist, Bayesian, and fiducial paradigms. Each approach is illustrated using common examples and computer code for carrying out each analysis is illustrated using open-source software. C1 [Guthrie, William F.; Liu, Hung-kung; Rukhin, Andrew L.; Toman, Blaza; Zhang, Nien Fan] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wang, Jack C. M.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Rukhin, Andrew L.] UMBC, Dept Math & Stat, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Guthrie, WF (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8980, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM guthrie@nist.gov; liu@nist.gov; rukhin@nist.gov; toman@nist.gov; jwang@boulder.nist.gov; zhang@nist.gov NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIRKHAUSER BOSTON PI CAMBRIDGE PA 675 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139-2333 USA BN 978-0-8176-4804-6 J9 MODEL SIMUL SCI ENG JI Model. Simul. Sci. Eng. Tech. PY 2009 BP 71 EP 115 DI 10.1007/978-0-8176-4804-6_3 D2 10.1007/978-0-8176-4804-6 PG 45 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Applied; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BMA79 UT WOS:000271692300004 ER PT J AU Meinen, CS Luther, DS Baringer, MO AF Meinen, Christopher S. Luther, Douglas S. Baringer, Molly O. TI Structure, transport and potential vorticity of the Gulf Stream at 68 degrees W: Revisiting older data sets with new techniques SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE Gulf Stream; Stream coordinates; Inverted echo sounder; IES; PIES; Western boundary current ID WESTERN BOUNDARY CURRENT; INVERTED ECHO SOUNDERS; WARM-CORE RING; GEOSTROPHIC VELOCITY; VERTICAL MOTION; CAPE-HATTERAS; DEGREES W; TEMPERATURE; PROFILES; OCEAN AB The stream-coordinates mean structure of the Gulf Stream at 68 degrees W is derived using new methods for both defining stream coordinates and interpreting bottom pressure and inverted echo sounder travel times collected during the extensive Synoptic Ocean Prediction experiment. These new analyses provide pictures of the vertical structure of Gulf Stream flows that are demonstrably dynamically consistent with the density field at all depths, in contrast to previous work that relies on simple vertical interpolations to fill gaps between sparse current meter measurements. This new view of the Gulf Stream suggests a slightly higher total mean transport, with the increases coming from both baroclinic and barotropic components, and slightly stronger recirculation cells, particularly on the southern side. The recirculation of the Gulf Stream appears to have a weak baroclinic component, perhaps 10% of the total. A significant advantage of the methodology is the ability to obtain sensible vertical and horizontal gradients of currents and density so that the vertical and cross-stream structures of the components of the mean potential vorticity can be clearly imaged. One new feature from this calculation is that the along-stream gradient of the cross-stream velocity, a term that is often ignored in potential vorticity analyses, is non-negligible (though small) and is asymmetric about the current axis. Both the derived structure and implied dynamics of the circulation can be significantly altered by small changes to the method of calculating daily stream coordinates, e.g., by carefully filtering out observations in rings or not. Arrays of pressure-equipped inverted echo sounders provide the opportunity (at reasonable cost) for properly defining the stream coordinates of energetic jets such as the Gulf Stream. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Meinen, Christopher S.; Baringer, Molly O.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Luther, Douglas S.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Meinen, CS (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Christopher.Meinen@noaa.gov; dluther@hawaii.edu; Molly.Baringer@noaa.gov RI Meinen, Christopher/G-1902-2012; Baringer, Molly/D-2277-2012 OI Meinen, Christopher/0000-0002-8846-6002; Baringer, Molly/0000-0002-8503-5194 NR 43 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 1 BP 41 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2008.07.010 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 396KB UT WOS:000262589500004 ER PT J AU Vilchis, LI Ballance, LT Watson, W AF Vilchis, L. Ignacio Ballance, Lisa T. Watson, William TI Temporal variability of neustonic ichthyoplankton assemblages of the eastern Pacific warm pool: Can community structure be linked to climate variability? SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Review DE Ichthyoplankton; Community structure; Thermocline; Climate variability; ENSO ID NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; CENTRAL MEXICAN PACIFIC; TROPICAL PACIFIC; EL-NINO; ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITY; DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS; DECADAL VARIABILITY; REGIME SHIFT; ANNUAL CYCLE; FISH LARVAE AB Considerable evidence exists, showing an accelerated warming trend on earth during the past 40-50 years, attributed mainly to anthropogenic factors. Much of this excess heat is stored in the world's oceans, likely resulting in increased environmental variability felt by marine ecosystems. The long-term effects of this phenomenon on oceanic tropical ecosystems are largely unknown, and our understanding of its effects could be facilitated by long-term studies of how species compositions change with time. Ichthyoplankton, in particular. can integrate physical, environmental and ecological factors making them excellent model taxa to address this question. While on eight (1987-1990, 1992 and 1998-2000) NOAA Fisheries cruises to the eastern Pacific warm pool, we characterized the thermal and phytoplankton pigment structure of the water column, as well as the neustonic ichthyoplankton community using CTD casts and Manta (surface) net tows. Over the 13-year period, 852 CTD and Manta tow stations were completed. We divided the study area into three regions based on regional oceanography, thermocline depth and productivity, as well as a longitudinal gradient in species composition among stations. We then analyzed temporal trends of ichthyoplankton species composition within each region by pooling stations by region and year and making pairwise comparisons of community similarity between all combinations of the eight cruises within each region. We also identified environment-specific species assemblages and station groupings using hierarchical clustering and non-metric multidimensional scaling (MDS). Our analyses revealed a longitudinal gradient in community structure and temporal stability of ichthyoplankton species composition. Over the 13 years ichthyoplankton assemblages in the two westernmost regions varied less than in the eastern region. MDS and cluster analyses identified five ichthyoplankton assemblages that corresponded to oceanographic habitats and a gradient in community composition. We hypothesize that the changes in thermocline depth during the El Ninos of 1987-1988, 1997-1998 and the extended period of warmth during 1990-1994 altered productivity sufficiently to cause a shift in the abundances of foundation species of the upwelling systems of the eastern Pacific warm pool. Our study suggests that ichthyoplankton assemblages in oligotrophic waters are more resilient to changes in the thermocline than assemblages in upwelling regions; or that oligotrophic regions simply have less physical variation compared to upwelling regions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Vilchis, L. Ignacio; Ballance, Lisa T.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Vilchis, L. Ignacio; Ballance, Lisa T.; Watson, William] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Vilchis, LI (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM lvilchis@ucsd.edu FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program [SI-1391] FX Long-term ecological studies like ours rely on the cooperative work of numerous people over many years. In particular, we gratefully acknowledge the many members of the scientific and ship crews of the David StarrJordan and McArthur for performing countless CTD casts and Manta tows. Logistical and financial support for cruises, sample storage and sorting, and data management was provided by the Southwest Fisheries Science Center of the National Marine Fisheries Service. Lucy Dunn, Jeanne Haddox, Barbara MacCall and Michael Yaguchi collectively spent hundreds of hours sorting samples, and they deserve an extra round of applause. Discussions with Dave Checkley, Tim Gerrodette, John McGowan, Mike Landry, Dean Roemmich and Elizabeth Venrick as well as two anonymous reviews greatly benefited our study and this paper. Finally, this research was completed as part of the first author's requirements for a Ph.D. at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography and was funded under Project SI-1391 of the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program. NR 107 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 EI 1879-0119 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 1 BP 125 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2008.08.004 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 396KB UT WOS:000262589500009 ER PT J AU Chow, LC AF Chow, L. C. TI Next generation calcium phosphate-based biomaterials SO DENTAL MATERIALS JOURNAL LA English DT Article CT International Dental Materials Congress/50th General Session of the Japanese-Society-for-Dental-Materials-and-Devices CY NOV 21-24, 2007 CL Bangkok, THAILAND SP Japanese Soc Dent Mat & Devices, Korea Res Soc Dent Mat, Japanese Soc Consrvat Dent, Japan Prosthodont Soc, Thai Operat Dent Soc DE Calcium phosphate; hydroxyapatite; bone graft; calcium phosphate bone cement ID BONE INDUCTIVE PROPERTIES; IN-VITRO PROPERTIES; HYDROXYAPATITE CEMENT; SYNERGISTIC REINFORCEMENT; SYSTEM CA(OH)2-H3PO4-H2O; TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE; DISSOLUTION RATES; FILLING PASTE; NATURAL BONE; SOLUBILITY AB It has been close to a century since calcium phosphate materials were first used as bone graft Substitutes. Numerous studies conducted in the last two decades have produced a wealth of information on the chemistry, in vitro properties, and biological characteristics of granular calcium phosphates and calcium phosphate cement biomaterials. An in depth analysis of several key areas of calcium phosphate cement properties is presented with the aim of developing strategies that could lead to break-through improvements in the functional efficacies of these materials. C1 NIST, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chow, LC (reprint author), NIST, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM laurence.chow@nist.gov FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE11789, R01 DE011789, R01 DE011789-12] NR 66 TC 96 Z9 98 U1 4 U2 19 PU JAPANESE SOC DENTAL MATERIALS DEVICES PI TOKYO PA C/O KOKU HOKEN KYOKAI, 1-43-9 KOMAGOME TS BDG, KOMAGOME, TOSHIMA-KU, TOKYO, 170-0003, JAPAN SN 0287-4547 J9 DENT MATER J JI Dent. Mater. J. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 28 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA 445HT UT WOS:000266042600002 PM 19280963 ER PT B AU Morris, KC Goyal, P Frechette, S AF Morris, K. C. Goyal, Puja Frechette, Simon GP ASME TI DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE AND TOOLS FOR DATA EXCHANGE SPECIFICATION SO DETC 2008: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATIONAL IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL 3, PTS A AND B: 28TH COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 03-06, 2008 CL New York, NY SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div AB In enterprise integration, a data exchange specification is an architectural artifact that evolves along with the business. Developing and maintaining a coherent semantic model for data exchange is an important, yet non-trivial, task. A coherent semantic model of data exchange specifications supports reuse, promotes interoperability, and, consequently, reduces integration costs. Components of data exchange specifications must be consistent and valid in terms of agreed upon standards and guidelines. In this paper, we describe an activity model and NIST developed tools for the creation, test, and maintenance of a shared semantic model that is coherent and supports scalable, standards-based enterprise integration. The activity model frames our research and helps define tools to support the development of data exchange specification implemented using XML (Extensible Markup Language) Schema. C1 [Morris, K. C.; Goyal, Puja; Frechette, Simon] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Morris, KC (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4327-7 PY 2009 BP 983 EP 991 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIZ27 UT WOS:000263939600099 ER PT B AU Fiorentini, X Rachuri, S Mahesh, M Fenves, S Sriram, RD AF Fiorentini, X. Rachuri, S. Mahesh, M. Fenves, S. Sriram, Ram D. GP ASME TI DESCRIPTION LOGIC FOR PRODUCT INFORMATION MODELS SO DETC 2008: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATIONAL IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL 3, PTS A AND B: 28TH COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 03-06, 2008 CL New York, NY SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div AB The languages and logical formalisms developed by information scientists and logicians concentrate on the theory of languages and logical theorem proving. These languages, when used by domain experts to represent their domain of discourse, most often have issues related to the level of expressiveness of the languages and need specific extensions. In this paper we analyze the levels of logical formalisms and expressivity requirements for the development of ontologies for manufacturing products. We first discuss why the representation of a product model is inherently complex and prone to inconsistencies. We then explore how these issues can be overcome through a structured knowledge representation model. We report our evaluation of OWL-DL in terms of expressivity and of the use of SWRL for representing domain-specific rules. We present a case study of product assembly to document this evaluation and further show how the OWL-DL reasoner together with the rule engine can enable reasoning of the product ontology. C1 [Fiorentini, X.; Rachuri, S.; Mahesh, M.; Fenves, S.; Sriram, Ram D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, MEL, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fiorentini, X (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, MEL, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM xenia.fiorentini@nist.gov; sudarsan.rachuri@nist.gov; mahesh.mani@nist.gov; steven.fenves@nist.gov; ram.sriram@nist.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4327-7 PY 2009 BP 1237 EP 1245 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIZ27 UT WOS:000263939600128 ER PT B AU Balakirsky, S Proctor, FM Scrapper, CJ Kramer, TR AF Balakirsky, Stephen Proctor, Frederick M. Scrapper, Christopher J. Kramer, Thomas R. GP ASME TI AN INTEGRATED CONTROL AND SIMULATION ENVIRONMENT FOR MOBILE ROBOT SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT SO DETC 2008: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATIONAL IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL 3, PTS A AND B: 28TH COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 03-06, 2008 CL New York, NY SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div AB In order to expedite the research and development of robotic systems and foster development of novel robot configuration, it is essential to develop tools and standards that allow researchers to rapidly develop, communicate, and compare experimental results. This paper describes the Mobility Open Architecture Simulation and Tools Framework (MOAST). The MOAST framework is designed to aid in the development, testing, and analysis of robotic software by providing developers with a wide range of open source robotic algorithms and interfaces. The framework provides a physics-based virtual development environment for initial testing and allows for the seamless transition of algorithms to real hardware. This paper details the design approach, software architecture and specific module-to-module interfaces. C1 [Balakirsky, Stephen; Proctor, Frederick M.; Scrapper, Christopher J.; Kramer, Thomas R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Balakirsky, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stephen.balakirsky@nist.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4327-7 PY 2009 BP 1481 EP 1491 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIZ27 UT WOS:000263939600152 ER PT B AU Vogl, GW Pratt, JR AF Vogl, Gregory W. Pratt, Jon R. GP ASME TI DEVELOPMENT OF A SELF-EXCITED OSCILLATOR FOR SI-TRACEABLE MEASUREMENTS IN ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY SO DETC2008: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE , VOL 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 03-06, 2008 CL New York, NY SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID SILICON (111)-(7X7) SURFACE; SPRING CONSTANT; CANTILEVERS; CALIBRATION; SPECTROSCOPY AB A new self-excited micro-oscillator is proposed as a velocity reference that could aid the dissemination of nanonewton-level forces that are traceable to the International System of Units (SI). An analog controls system is developed to keep the actuation side of the device oscillating sinusoidally with an amplitude that is fairly insensitive to the quality factor Consequently. the device can be calibrated as a velocity reference in air and used in ultra-high vacuum with a velocity shift of less than one percent. Hence, the calibrated micro-oscillator could be used with electrostatic forces to calibrate cantilevers used for atomic force microscopy (AFM) as SI-traceable force transducers. Furthermore. the calibrated micro-oscillator could potentially be used as an AFM sensor to achieve atomic resolutions on par with those realized in frequency-modulation AFM (FM-AFM) with quartz tuning forks. C1 [Vogl, Gregory W.; Pratt, Jon R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vogl, GW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gvogl@nist.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4328-4 PY 2009 BP 765 EP 774 PG 10 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BKP53 UT WOS:000268879900088 ER PT J AU Rhodes, LD Wallis, S Demlow, SE AF Rhodes, Linda D. Wallis, Steviebrooke Demlow, S. Ellen TI Genes associated with an effective host response by Chinook salmon to Renibacterium salmoninarum SO DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chinook salmon; Bacterial kidney disease; Cell-mediated immunity; Suppression subtractive hybridization ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; BACTERIAL KIDNEY-DISEASE; NF-KAPPA-B; ATLANTIC SALMON; CELL-SURFACE; INTERFERON-GAMMA; PROTEIN P57; CLASS-II; SALAR L; EXPRESSION AB An effective host response to Renibacterium salmoninarum, the etiologic agent of bacterial kidney disease, is poorly characterized. Using suppression subtractive hybridization, we exploited the difference in early host response in the pronephros of fish challenged by an attenuated strain (MT239) or a virulent strain (ATCC 33209) of R. salmoninarum. Among the 132 expressed sequence tag (EST) clones that were sequenced, 20 were selected for expression analysis at 24 and 72 h after challenge. ESTs matching two interferon inducible genes (IFN-inducible GBP and VLIG1), the ligand GAS6, and the kinase VRK2 were upregulated in fish exposed to MT239, but clownregulated or unchanged in fish exposed to 33209. A second group of ESTs matching genes involved in apoptosis (caspase 8) and immune function (I kappa B alpha, p47(phoX), EMR/CD97) were more slowly upregulated in fish exposed to 33209 compared to fish exposed to MT239. The ESTs displaying elevated expression in MT239-exposed fish may represent important cellular processes to bacterial challenge, and may be useful indicators of an effective host response to R. salmoninarum infection. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Rhodes, Linda D.; Wallis, Steviebrooke; Demlow, S. Ellen] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Rhodes, LD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM linda.rhodes@noaa.gov OI Rhodes, Linda/0000-0003-4995-9426 FU NWFSC; NOAA Fisheries FX We are indebted to F. Sommers (NOAA Fisheries) for the fish and to P. Plesha (NOAA Fisheries) for fish rearing facilities. The Genetics and Evolution Program at the Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC) allowed use of their sequence analyzer. This project and S.W. were funded by the NWFSC Internal Grants Program, and additional support was provided by NOAA Fisheries. NR 56 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-305X J9 DEV COMP IMMUNOL JI Dev. Comp. Immunol. PY 2009 VL 33 IS 2 BP 176 EP 186 DI 10.1016/j.dci.2008.08.006 PG 11 WC Immunology; Zoology SC Immunology; Zoology GA 389CA UT WOS:000262066600006 PM 18793667 ER PT S AU Godil, A AF Godil, Afzal BE Duffy, VG TI Facial Shape Analysis and Sizing System SO DIGITAL HUMAN MODELING, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Digital Human Modeling held at the HCI International 2009 CY JUL 19-24, 2009 CL San Diego, CA DE Anthropometry; shape descriptor; cluster analysis; PCA AB The understanding of shape and size of the human head and faces is vital for design of facial wear products, such as respirators, helmets, eyeglasses and for ergonomic studies. 3D scanning is used to create 3D databases of thousands of humans from different demographics backgrounds. 3D scans have been used for design and analysis of facial wear products, but have not been very effectively utilized for sizing system. The 3D scans of human bodies contain over hundreds of thousand grid points. To be used effectively for analysis and design, these human heads require a compact shape representation. We have developed compact shape representations of head and facial shapes. We propose a sizing system based on cluster analysis along with compact shape representations to come up with different sizes for different facial wear products, such as respirators, helmets, eyeglasses, etc. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Godil, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8940, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM godil@nist.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-02808-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2009 VL 5620 BP 29 EP 35 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BKR86 UT WOS:000269037100004 ER PT S AU Butler, KM AF Butler, Kathryn M. BE Duffy, VG TI Using 3D Head and Respirator Shapes to Analyze Respirator Fit SO DIGITAL HUMAN MODELING, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Digital Human Modeling held at the HCI International 2009 CY JUL 19-24, 2009 CL San Diego, CA DE Respirator fit; digital human modeling; 3D laser scanning; finite element method AB A computational approach to analyzing respirator fit is demonstrated using geometries generated by laser scanning, mechanical drawings, and CAD riles. Three fit-related problems that call be solved using computational tools are demonstrated: 1) The Study of ail Outward leak of breathing gases into a near-flammable environment. 2) The study of a flow field inside a half-facepiece respirator. 3) The characterization of the relationship of respirator design and head shape to fit and comfort. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Butler, KM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kathryn.butler@nist.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-02808-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2009 VL 5620 BP 483 EP 491 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BKR86 UT WOS:000269037100051 ER PT B AU Mates, SP Banovic, S Rhorer, R Burns, T Whitenton, E Basak, D AF Mates, S. P. Banovic, S. Rhorer, R. Burns, T. Whitenton, E. Basak, D. GP EDPS TI An electrical pulse-heated Kolsky bar technique for high strain rate flow stress measurements of rapidly heated metals SO DYMAT 2009: 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE MECHANICAL AND PHYSICAL BEHAVIOUR OF MATERIALS UNDER DYNAMIC LOADING, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Mechanical and Physical Behaviour of Materials under Dynamic Loading CY SEP 07-11, 2009 CL Royal Mil Acad, Brussels, BELGIUM HO Royal Mil Acad AB We have developed a unique electrical pulse-heated Kolsky Bar technique for measuring the flow stress of metals at heating rates of up to 6000 degrees C per second and strain rates up to 104 per second. Under these conditions, which are approaching those found in high speed machining, thermally activated microstructural processes such as grain growth, solid state phase transformation and dislocation annealing may be bypassed, leading to unusual non-equilibrium superheated states. Flow stresses may thus differ significantly from equilibrium high temperature conditions. This paper briefly describes our pulse-heated Kolsky bar technique and discusses recent results on an AISI 1075 pearlitic steel heated rapidly up to and beyond the austenite formation temperature. C1 [Mates, S. P.; Banovic, S.; Rhorer, R.; Burns, T.; Whitenton, E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Basak, D.] Orbital Sci Corp, Dulles, VA USA. RP Mates, SP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0472-6 PY 2009 BP 457 EP + DI 10.1051/dymat/2009065 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA BMO55 UT WOS:000273127300064 ER PT S AU Smith, B Laskowski, S Lowry, S AF Smith, Benjamin Laskowski, Sharon Lowry, Svetlana BE Ryan, PYA Schoenmakers, B TI Implications of Graphics on Usability and Accessibility for the Voter SO E-VOTING AND IDENTITY, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on E-Voting and Indentity CY SEP 07-08, 2009 CL Univ Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, LUXEMBOURG HO Univ Luxembourg DE Accessibility; Animation; Ballots; Graphics; Icons; Logos; Usability; Voter Interface; Voting System ID FACE C1 [Smith, Benjamin] Univ Maryland, Lab Automat Psychol, 3111 Biol Psychol Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Laskowski, Sharon; Lowry, Svetlana] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Smith, B (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Lab Automat Psychol, 3111 Biol Psychol Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM bsmith@lap.umd.edu; sharon.laskowski@nist.gov; svetlana.lowry@nist.gov NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-04134-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2009 VL 5767 BP 54 EP + PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Political Science; Social Issues SC Computer Science; Government & Law; Social Issues GA BLO94 UT WOS:000270705900004 ER PT J AU Fullerton, AH Steel, EA Caras, Y Sheer, M Olson, P Kaje, J AF Fullerton, A. H. Steel, E. A. Caras, Y. Sheer, M. Olson, P. Kaje, J. TI Putting watershed restoration in context: Alternative future scenarios influence management outcomes SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE conservation planning; endangered species; land use; Oncorhynchus spp.; Pacific salmon; watershed management ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST WATERSHEDS; CHINOOK SALMON; HABITAT RESTORATION; DECISION-SUPPORT; RIVER-BASIN; OREGON; CONSERVATION; ECOLOGY; STRATEGY; RECOVERY AB Predicting effects of habitat restoration is an important step for recovery of imperiled anadromous salmonid populations. Habitat above three major hydropower dams in the Lewis River watershed, southwestern Washington, USA, will soon become accessible to anadromous. fish. We used multiple models to estimate habitat conditions above dams and fish population responses. Additionally, we used scenario planning to predict how habitat and fish will respond to potential future trends in land use due to human population growth and riparian conservation policies. Finally, we developed a hypothetical management strategy (i.e., a set of prioritized restoration projects in specific locations within the watershed) as an example of how a fixed amount of restoration funds might be spent to enhance the success of reintroducing fish above dams. We then compared predicted outcomes from this new strategy to those of six previously modeled strategies. We estimated how the choice of the best management strategy might differ among alternative future scenarios. Results suggest that dam passage will provide access to large amounts of high-quality habitat that will benefit fish populations. Moreover, conservation of existing riparian areas, if implemented, has the potential to improve conditions to a much greater extent than restoration strategies examined, despite expected urban growth. We found that the relative performance of management strategies shifted when fish were allowed to migrate above dams, but less so among alternative futures examined. We discuss how predicted outcomes from these seven hypothetical management strategies could be used for developing an on-the-ground strategy to address a real management situation. C1 [Fullerton, A. H.; Steel, E. A.; Sheer, M.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Caras, Y.; Kaje, J.] King Cty Dept Nat Resources & Pk, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Olson, P.] Pacific Watershed Inst, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. RP Fullerton, AH (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Aimee.Fullerton@noaa.gov FU NOAA Fisheries Service FX We thank Brian Burke, George Pess, Phil Roni, Mark Scheuerell, Frank Shrier, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. Funding was provided by NOAA Fisheries Service. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 24 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 1 BP 218 EP 235 DI 10.1890/07-1040.1 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 409OR UT WOS:000263516200017 PM 19323185 ER PT B AU Faunce, CH Layman, CA AF Faunce, Craig H. Layman, Craig A. BE Nagelkerken, I TI Sources of Variation that Affect Perceived Nursery Function of Mangroves SO ECOLOGICAL CONNECTIVITY AMONG TROPICAL COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Variance; Nursery; Biogeography; Hydrology; Conceptual model ID CORAL-REEF FISH; SHALLOW-WATER BIOTOPES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SEAGRASS BEDS; SPECIES COMPOSITION; HAEMULON-FLAVOLINEATUM; SPAWNING AGGREGATIONS; SECONDARY PRODUCTION; TROPICAL AUSTRALIA; FEEDING HABITATS AB Mangroves are considered among the most productive ecosystems on the planet. While mangroves provide numerous critical ecosystem services to surrounding environments, there is particular interest in the role of mangroves as nursery habitats for fish and decapods. Despite this interest, scientific consensus regarding the role of mangroves as nurseries remains elusive. In this chapter, we identify four principal sources of variability that underlie conflicting conclusions regarding the function of mangroves as nursery habitat. We provide brief sketches of the reasons why these sources of variability may affect the role of mangroves as nursery habitat, drawing particularly on recent empirical advances in the field, and conclude with a conceptual model summarizing the different levels at which the nursery function of mangroves is evaluated. 'It is time that we biologists accept diversity and variability for what they are, two of the essential features of the biological world. We would be wise to restructure our search for orderly patterns in the natural world. We should stop thinking primarily in terms of central tendencies....Variation among and within species is fundamental to organisms. Analysis of variation can offer insights just as surely as can traditional delineation of central tendencies.' (Bartholomew 1986). C1 [Faunce, Craig H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Layman, Craig A.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Marine Sci Program, N Miami, FL 33181 USA. RP Faunce, CH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Craig.Faunce@noaa.gov; cal1634@yahoo.com NR 91 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-2405-3 PY 2009 BP 401 EP 421 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-2406-0_11 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-2406-0 PG 21 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BMW96 UT WOS:000273776700011 ER PT B AU Grober-Dunsmore, R Pittman, SJ Caldow, C Kendall, MS Frazer, TK AF Grober-Dunsmore, Rikki Pittman, Simon J. Caldow, Chris Kendall, Matthew S. Frazer, Thomas K. BE Nagelkerken, I TI A Landscape Ecology Approach for the Study of Ecological Connectivity Across Tropical Marine Seascapes SO ECOLOGICAL CONNECTIVITY AMONG TROPICAL COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Seascape ecology; Landscape ecology; Connectivity; Spatial scale; Pattern metrics; Fish ID CORAL-REEF FISH; PLECTROPOMUS LEOPARDUS SERRANIDAE; INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL; HOME-RANGE SIZE; SEAGRASS BEDS; SHALLOW-WATER; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; HAEMULON-FLAVOLINEATUM; SITE FIDELITY; CHEILINUS-UNDULATUS AB Connectivity across the seascape is expected to have profound consequences for the behavior, growth, survival, and spatial distribution of marine species. A landscape ecology approach offers great utility for studying ecological connectivity in tropical marine seascapes. Landscape ecology provides a well developed conceptual and operational framework for addressing complex multi-scale questions regarding the influence of spatial patterning on ecological processes. Landscape ecology can provide quantitative and spatially explicit information at scales relevant to resource management decision making. It will allow us to begin asking key questions such as 'how much habitat to protect?', 'What type of habitat to protect?', and 'Which seascape patterns provide optimal, suboptimal, or dysfunctional connectivity for mobile marine organisms?'. While landscape ecology is increasingly being applied to tropical marine seascapes, few studies have dealt explicitly with the issue of connectivity. Herein, we examine the application of landscape ecology to better understand ecological connectivity in tropical marine ecosystems by: (1) reviewing landscape ecology concepts, (2) discussing the landscape ecology methods and tools available for evaluating connectivity, (3) examining data needs and obstacles, (4) reviewing lessons learned from terrestrial landscape ecology and from coral reef ecology studies, and (5) discussing the implications of ecological connectivity for resource management. Several recent studies conducted in coral reef ecosystems demonstrate the powerful utility of landscape ecology approaches for improving our understanding of ecological connectivity and applying results to make more informed decisions for conservation planning. C1 [Grober-Dunsmore, Rikki] Univ S Pacific, Inst Appl Sci, Suva, Fiji. [Pittman, Simon J.; Caldow, Chris; Kendall, Matthew S.] NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, CCMA Biogeog Branch N,SCI 1, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Pittman, Simon J.] Univ Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine Sci, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA. [Frazer, Thomas K.] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Program Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Grober-Dunsmore, R (reprint author), Univ S Pacific, Inst Appl Sci, Laucala Campus, Suva, Fiji. EM rikkidunsmore@gmail.com; Simon.Pittman@noaa.gov; chris.caldow@noaa.gov; Matt.Kendall@noaa.gov; frazer@ufl.edu NR 146 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-2405-3 PY 2009 BP 493 EP 530 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-2406-0_14 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-2406-0 PG 38 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BMW96 UT WOS:000273776700014 ER PT J AU Hoffman, PL AF Hoffman, Philip L. TI Lumpy Information May Lead to Better Science SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, US Dept Commerce, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Hoffman, PL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, US Dept Commerce, Washington, DC 20230 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PY 2009 VL 14 IS 2 AR r2 PG 1 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 610CK UT WOS:000278707200031 ER PT B AU Ricker, RE Pitchure, DJ AF Ricker, R. E. Pitchure, D. J. BE Somerday, B Sofronis, P Jones, R TI THE INFLUENCE OF HYDROGEN ON THE ELASTIC MODULUS AND ANELASTIC RESPONSE OF COLD WORKED PURE IRON SO EFFECTS OF HYDROGEN ON MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Effects of Hydrogen on Materials CY SEP 07-10, 2008 CL Grand Teton Natl Park, WY ID ASSISTED CRACKING; FRACTURE; STRESS; STEEL; EMBRITTLEMENT AB Understanding the influence of hydrogen on elastic deformation and anelastic response should contribute to our understanding of the influence of hydrogen on deformation and fracture. To accomplish this objective, samples of pure iron were cold-worked, charged with hydrogen, and examined in a dynamic mechanical analyzer. For these measurements, square wave loads were applied at different frequencies and the response of the sample quantified into time-independent and time-dependent components. These measurements were then analyzed to determine the influence of hydrogen on the time-independent, elastic, modulus and time-dependent, anelastic, relaxation. Hydrogen lowered the measured elastic modulus by a small, but statistically significant, amount. C1 [Ricker, R. E.; Pitchure, D. J.] NIST, Div Met, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ricker, RE (reprint author), NIST, Div Met, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Ricker, Richard/H-4880-2011 OI Ricker, Richard/0000-0002-2871-4908 NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 978-1-61503-003-3 PY 2009 BP 219 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BUG49 UT WOS:000289219200025 ER PT B AU Darcis, PP McColskey, JD Lasseigne, AN Siewert, TA AF Darcis, Ph. P. McColskey, J. D. Lasseigne, A. N. Siewert, T. A. BE Somerday, B Sofronis, P Jones, R TI HYDROGEN EFFECTS ON FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH RATE IN HIGH STRENGTH PIPELINE STEEL SO EFFECTS OF HYDROGEN ON MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Effects of Hydrogen on Materials CY SEP 07-10, 2008 CL Grand Teton Natl Park, WY DE Fatigue Crack Growth Rate; Hydrogen Diffusion; Hydrogen Embrittlement; Hydrogen Environment Effects AB The effect of hydrogen on fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) in a high-strength pipeline steel was investigated. Fatigue tests were conducted in a servo-hydraulic fatigue test machine on previously hydrogen-charged API-X100 pipeline steel samples. The samples were charged in a high-pressure chamber until saturated, removed from the chamber and quickly tested in an ambient environment. Steps were taken to minimize the diffusion of hydrogen from the charged samples prior to fatigue testing. These steps were evaluated as part of this test program as well as the effects of the loading ratio and the monitoring gradient of the fatigue crack growth tests. The effects of hydrogen on FCGR are evident in the intermediate stage (stage II) of fatigue crack growth. C1 [Darcis, Ph. P.; McColskey, J. D.; Lasseigne, A. N.; Siewert, T. A.] NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Darcis, PP (reprint author), NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 978-1-61503-003-3 PY 2009 BP 381 EP 388 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BUG49 UT WOS:000289219200045 ER PT B AU Lasseigne, AN McColskey, JD Siewert, TA Koenig, K Jackson, JE Olson, DL Mishra, B AF Lasseigne, Angelique N. McColskey, J. D. Siewert, T. A. Koenig, K. Jackson, Joshua E. Olson, David L. Mishra, B. BE Somerday, B Sofronis, P Jones, R TI NON-DESTRUCTIVE DETERMINATION OF THE DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT OF HYDROGEN IN STEEL SO EFFECTS OF HYDROGEN ON MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Effects of Hydrogen on Materials CY SEP 07-10, 2008 CL Grand Teton Natl Park, WY AB Electronic tools are being developed to guarantee steel integrity by relating quantitative hydrogen content measurements in steel to its physical properties. Electronic tools can provide an increased sensitivity in hydrogen measurements compared to traditional analytical hydrogen techniques because the tools are a function of the electron concentration, effective mass, and dominating scattering mechanisms. Two non-destructive electronic sensors based on thermoelectric power and low frequency impedance have been developed to quickly and cost-effectively assess hydrogen content as a function of time in steel and its weldments. Monitoring of hydrogen content as a function of time with the non-destructive electronic tools allows for correlation of electronic measurements to the diffusion coefficient of hydrogen through the use of Fick's 2(nd) law and the Slope method. Examples of the use of both non-destructive electronic tools for hydrogen content determination as a function of time are presented and discussed in this paper. C1 [Lasseigne, Angelique N.; McColskey, J. D.; Siewert, T. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Lasseigne, AN (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 978-1-61503-003-3 PY 2009 BP 524 EP 531 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BUG49 UT WOS:000289219200063 ER PT S AU Geiss, RH Bertness, KA Roshko, A Read, DT AF Geiss, R. H. Bertness, K. A. Roshko, A. Read, D. T. BE Moeck, P Hovmoller, S Nicolopoulos, S Rouvimov, S Petkov, V Gateshki, M Fraundorf, P TI Electron Microscope Study of Strain in InGaN Quantum Wells in GaN Nanowires SO ELECTRON CRYSTALLOGRAPHY FOR MATERIALS RESEARCH AND QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Electron Crystallography for Materials Research/Quantitative Characterization of Nanostructured Materials CY APR 14-16, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID GROWTH; HREM; NITRIDES AB Strains in GaN nanowires with InGaN quantum wells (QW) were measured from transmission electron microscope (TEM) images. The nanowires, all from a single growth run, are single crystals of the wurtzite structure that grow along the < 0001 > direction, and are approximately 1000 nm long and 60 nm to 130 nm wide with hexagonal cross-sections. The In concentration in the QWs ranges from 12 to 15 at %, as determined by energy dispersive spectroscopy in both the transmission and scanning electron microscopes. Fourier transform (FT) analyses of < 0002 > and < 1(1)over bar00 > lattice images of the QW region show a 4 to 10 % increase of the c-axis lattice spacing, across the full specimen width, and essentially no change in the a-axis value. The magnitude of the changes in the c-axis lattice spacing far exceeds values that would be expected by using a linear Vegard's law for GaN - InN with the measured In concentration. Therefore the increases are considered to represent tensile strains in the < 0001 > direction. Visual representations of the location and extent of the strained regions were produced by constructing inverse FT (IFT) images from selected regions in the FT covering the range of c-axis lattice parameters in and near the QW. The present strain values for InGaN QW in nanowires are larger than any found in the literature to date for other forms of InxGa1-xN (QW)/GaN. C1 [Geiss, R. H.; Bertness, K. A.; Roshko, A.; Read, D. T.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Geiss, RH (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-157-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2009 VL 1184 BP 125 EP 130 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BND16 UT WOS:000274190900013 ER PT S AU Rice, JP Neira, JE Kehoe, M Swanson, R AF Rice, Joseph P. Neira, Jorge E. Kehoe, Michael Swanson, Rand BE Hornbeck, LJ Douglass, MR TI DMD diffraction measurements to support design of projectors for test and evaluation of multispectral and hyperspectral imaging sensors SO EMERGING DIGITAL MICROMIRROR DEVICE BASED SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Digital Micromirror Device Based Systems and Applications CY JAN 28, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Texas Instruments Inc, NanoInk Inc, Boston Univ, Photon Ctr, Ozen Engn Inc DE calibration; diffraction; digital micromirror device; DMD; imaging; hyperspectral; multispectral; projector; remote sensing; spectroscopy; test and evaluation; validation; video ID RADIOMETRIC APPLICATIONS AB We describe our use of Digital Micromirror Devices (DMDs) for the performance testing, characterization, calibration, and system-level data product validation of multispectral and hyperspectral imaging sensors. We have developed a visible Hyperspectral Image Projector (HIP), which is capable of projecting any combination of many different arbitrarily programmable basis spectra into each image pixel at up to video frame rates. For the full HIP, we use a scheme whereby one DMD array is used in a spectrally programmable source, to produce light having the spectra of materials in the scene (i.e. grass, ocean, target, etc), and a second DMD, optically in series with the first, reflects any combination of these programmable spectra into the pixels of a 1024 x 768 element spatial image, thereby producing temporally-integrated 2D images having spectrally-mixed pixels. The HIP goes beyond conventional Digital Light Processing (DLP) projectors in that each spatial pixel can have an arbitrary spectrum, not just an arbitrary color. As such, the resulting spectral and spatial content of the projected image can simulate realistic scenes that a sensor system must acquire during its use, and can be calibrated using NIST reference instruments. Here we discuss our current HIP developments that span the visible/infrared spectral range of 380 nm through 5400 nm, with particular emphasis on DMD diffraction efficiency measurements in the infrared part of this range. C1 [Rice, Joseph P.; Neira, Jorge E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rice, JP (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joe.rice@nist.gov NR 13 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7456-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7210 AR 72100D DI 10.1117/12.808990 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Microscopy; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Microscopy; Optics GA BST64 UT WOS:000285748500011 ER PT B AU Buckland, ST York, AE AF Buckland, Stephen T. York, Anne E. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Abundance Estimation SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; HARBOR SEALS; FUR-SEAL; FUTURE; ALASKA C1 [Buckland, Stephen T.] Univ St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. [York, Anne E.] Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA USA. RP Buckland, ST (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. RI Buckland, Stephen/A-1998-2012 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 1 EP 5 PG 5 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200002 ER PT B AU Hohn, AA AF Hohn, Aleta A. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Age Estimation SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GROWTH LAYERS; DOLPHINS; COUNTS; TEETH; CEMENTUM; SEALS C1 NOAA Fisheries, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Hohn, AA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RI Hohn, Aleta/G-2888-2011 OI Hohn, Aleta/0000-0002-9992-7062 NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 11 EP 17 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200004 ER PT B AU Fertl, D Rosel, PE AF Fertl, Dagmar Rosel, Patricia E. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Albinism SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ANOMALOUSLY WHITE CETACEANS; BOTTLE-NOSED-DOLPHIN; RECORDS C1 [Fertl, Dagmar] Ziphius EcoServ, Plano, TX 75025 USA. [Rosel, Patricia E.] NOAA Fisheries, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA. RP Fertl, D (reprint author), Ziphius EcoServ, Plano, TX 75025 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 24 EP 26 PG 3 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200006 ER PT B AU Rice, DW AF Rice, Dale W. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Ambergris SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Rice, DW (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 28 EP 29 PG 2 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200008 ER PT B AU Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM AF Perrin, William F. Wuersig, Bernd Thewissen, J. G. M. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Encyclopedia of MARINE MAMMALS Second Edition PREFACE SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Perrin, William F.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. [Wuersig, Bernd] Texas A&M Univ, Galveston, TX USA. [Thewissen, J. G. M.] Northeastern Ohio Univ Coll Med & Pharm, Coll Med, Rootstown, OH 44272 USA. RP Perrin, WF (reprint author), NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP XXX EP XXX PG 1 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200001 ER PT B AU Perrin, WF AF Perrin, William F. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Atlantic Spotted Dolphin Stenella frontalis SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; NORTH-ATLANTIC; CETACEANS; HABITAT; OCEAN; AGE C1 NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Perrin, WF (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 54 EP 56 PG 3 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200014 ER PT B AU Robertson, KM Arnold, PW AF Robertson, Kelly M. Arnold, Peter W. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Australian Snubfin Dolphin Orcaella heinsohni SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BREVIROSTRIS C1 [Robertson, Kelly M.] NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Arnold, Peter W.] Museum Trop Queensland, Townsville, Qld, Australia. RP Robertson, KM (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 62 EP 64 PG 3 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200017 ER PT B AU Rice, DW AF Rice, Dale W. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Baleen SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Rice, DW (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 78 EP 80 PG 3 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200022 ER PT B AU Leduc, R AF Leduc, Rick BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Biogeography SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Leduc, R (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 112 EP 115 PG 4 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200030 ER PT B AU Sears, R Perrin, WF AF Sears, Richard Perrin, William F. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Blue Whale Balaenoptera musculus SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; MYSTICETE WHALES; CALLS; PACIFIC; MITOCHONDRIAL C1 [Sears, Richard] Mingan Isl Cetacean Study Inc, Longue Pointe De Mingan, PQ, Canada. [Perrin, William F.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Sears, R (reprint author), Mingan Isl Cetacean Study Inc, Longue Pointe De Mingan, PQ, Canada. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 120 EP 124 PG 5 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200032 ER PT B AU Rugh, DJ Shelden, KEW AF Rugh, David J. Shelden, Kim E. W. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Bowhead Whale Balaena mysticetus SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID STOCK C1 [Rugh, David J.] NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Shelden, Kim E. W.] Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA USA. RP Rugh, DJ (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 131 EP 133 PG 3 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200035 ER PT B AU Kato, H Perrin, WF AF Kato, Hidehiro Perrin, William F. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Bryde's Whales Balaenoptera edeni/brydei SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; BALEEN WHALE; EDENI; AFRICA C1 [Kato, Hidehiro] Natl Res Inst Far Seas Fisheries, Shimizu, Shizuoka, Japan. [Perrin, William F.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Kato, H (reprint author), Natl Res Inst Far Seas Fisheries, Shimizu, Shizuoka, Japan. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 158 EP 163 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200041 ER PT B AU Heath, CB Perrin, WF AF Heath, Carolyn B. Perrin, William F. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI California, Galapagos, and Japanese Sea Lions Zalophus californianus, Z. wollebaeki, and Z. japonicus SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; MEXICO; DIET; MORTALITY; FISHERY C1 [Heath, Carolyn B.] Fullerton Coll, Fullerton, CA 92832 USA. [Perrin, William F.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Heath, CB (reprint author), Fullerton Coll, Fullerton, CA 92832 USA. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 170 EP 176 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200044 ER PT B AU Ballance, LT AF Ballance, Lisa T. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Cetacean Ecology SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; KILLER WHALE; OCEAN C1 NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Ballance, LT (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 196 EP 201 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200050 ER PT B AU Chivers, SJ AF Chivers, Susan J. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Cetacean Life History SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; WHALES; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; MITOCHONDRIAL; DISPERSAL; DOLPHINS; PACIFIC; BALEEN; AGE C1 NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Chivers, SJ (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 215 EP 220 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200053 ER PT B AU Rice, DW AF Rice, Dale W. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Classification (Overall) SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WHALES; ARTIODACTYLS; CETARTIODACTYLA; CETACEANS; POSITION C1 NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Rice, DW (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 234 EP 238 PG 5 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200056 ER PT B AU Moore, SE AF Moore, Sue E. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Climate Change SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ARCTIC MARINE MAMMALS; ECOLOGY C1 NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Moore, SE (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 238 EP 241 PG 4 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200057 ER PT B AU Jefferson, TA AF Jefferson, Thomas A. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Clymene Dolphin Stenella clymene SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; CETACEANS; ATLANTIC C1 SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Jefferson, TA (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 241 EP 243 PG 3 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200058 ER PT B AU Perrin, WF AF Perrin, William F. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Coloration SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DOLPHIN STENELLA-LONGIROSTRIS; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY; SEXUAL-DIMORPHISM; NEW-ZEALAND; PIGMENTATION; CETACEANS; PACIFIC; PATTERN; PATCH C1 NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Perrin, WF (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 243 EP 249 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200059 ER PT B AU Perrin, WF AF Perrin, William F. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Common Dolphins Delphinus delphis and D. capensis SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; TAXONOMIC STATUS; STOMACH CONTENTS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; CETACEANS; REPRODUCTION; ECOLOGY; GROWTH; SEA; BAY C1 NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Perrin, WF (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 37 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 255 EP 259 PG 5 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200061 ER PT B AU Bengtson, JL AF Bengtson, John L. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Crabeater Seal Lobodon carcinophaga SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ANTARCTIC PENINSULA; BREEDING-SEASON; DIVING BEHAVIOR C1 NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Bengtson, JL (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 290 EP 292 PG 3 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200065 ER PT B AU Jefferson, TA AF Jefferson, Thomas A. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Dall's Porpoise Phocoenoides dalli SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; NORTH PACIFIC; PHOCOENIDAE; PATTERNS C1 SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Jefferson, TA (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 296 EP 298 PG 3 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200068 ER PT B AU LeDuc, R AF LeDuc, Rick BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Delphinids, Overview SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DOLPHINS C1 NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP LeDuc, R (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 298 EP 302 PG 5 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200069 ER PT B AU Gentry, RL AF Gentry, Roger L. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Eared Seals Otariidae SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Gentry, RL (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 339 EP 342 PG 4 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200079 ER PT B AU Hindell, MA Perrin, WF AF Hindell, Mark A. Perrin, William F. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Elephant Seals Mirounga angustirostris and M-leonina SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID KING-GEORGE ISLAND; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; MARION ISLAND; EL-NINO; POPULATION; DIET; SEGREGATION; DISPERSAL; SURVIVAL; ONTOGENY C1 [Hindell, Mark A.] Univ Tasmania, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Perrin, William F.] NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Hindell, MA (reprint author), Univ Tasmania, Hobart, Tas, Australia. OI Hindell, Mark/0000-0002-7823-7185 NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 364 EP 368 PG 5 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200084 ER PT B AU Merrick, R Silber, GK Demaster, DP Reynolds, JE AF Merrick, Richard Silber, Gregory K. Demaster, Douglas P. Reynolds, John E., III BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Endangered Species and Populations SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Merrick, Richard; Silber, Gregory K.] NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Demaster, Douglas P.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Reynolds, John E., III] Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Reynolds, John E., III] Marine Mammal Commiss, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Merrick, R (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 368 EP 375 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200085 ER PT B AU Morin, PA Dizon, AE AF Morin, Phillip A. Dizon, Andrew E. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Genetics for Management SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CONSERVATION; WHALES; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION; ECOLOGY C1 [Morin, Phillip A.; Dizon, Andrew E.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Morin, PA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 477 EP 483 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200108 ER PT B AU Perrin, WF AF Perrin, William F. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Geographic Variation SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID STENELLA-LONGIROSTRIS; EASTERN PACIFIC; SEXUAL-DIMORPHISM; DOLPHIN; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; CONSERVATION; POPULATIONS; MORPHOLOGY; FORMS C1 NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Perrin, WF (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 492 EP 498 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200110 ER PT B AU Wursig, B Perrin, WF Thewissen, JGM AF Wuersig, Bernd Perrin, William F. Thewissen, J. G. M. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI History of Marine Mammal Research SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; DOLPHINS C1 [Wuersig, Bernd] Texas A&M Univ, Galveston, TX 77554 USA. [Perrin, William F.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. [Thewissen, J. G. M.] Northeastern Ohio Univ Coll Med & Pharm, Coll Med, Rootstown, OH 44272 USA. RP Wursig, B (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Galveston, TX 77554 USA. OI Thewissen, J. G. M./0000-0002-0973-4137 NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 565 EP 569 PG 5 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200124 ER PT B AU Clapham, PJ AF Clapham, Phillip J. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NORTH-ATLANTIC; BEHAVIOR C1 NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Clapham, PJ (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 582 EP 585 PG 4 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200128 ER PT B AU Pitman, R AF Pitman, Robert BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Indo-Pacific Beaked Whale Indopacetus pacificus SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Pitman, R (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 600 EP 602 PG 3 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200132 ER PT B AU Hewitt, R Lipsky, JD AF Hewitt, Roger Lipsky, Jessica D. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Krill and Other Plankton SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SEA-ICE EXTENT; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; ZOOPLANKTON; MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES C1 [Hewitt, Roger; Lipsky, Jessica D.] NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Hewitt, R (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 657 EP 664 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200141 ER PT B AU Barlow, J AF Barlow, Jay BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Management SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MARKETS; WHALE C1 NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Barlow, J (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 679 EP 682 PG 4 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200146 ER PT B AU Mesnick, SL Ralls, K AF Mesnick, Sarah L. Ralls, Katherine BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Mating Systems SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SEXUAL SELECTION; ELEPHANT SEALS; MALE COMPETITION; GREY SEAL; FEMALES; PATERNITY; TACTICS; MALES; PERFORMANCE; BEHAVIOR C1 [Mesnick, Sarah L.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Ralls, Katherine] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Mesnick, SL (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 712 EP 719 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200153 ER PT B AU Perryman, WL AF Perryman, Wayne L. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Melon-Headed Whale Peponocephala electra SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ABUNDANCE; CETACEANS C1 NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Perryman, WL (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 719 EP 721 PG 3 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200154 ER PT B AU Pitman, R AF Pitman, Robert BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Mesoplodont Whales (Mesoplodon spp.) SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BEAKED-WHALES; ZIPHIIDAE; CETACEA C1 NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Pitman, R (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 11 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 721 EP 726 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200155 ER PT B AU Perrin, WF Brownell, RL AF Perrin, William F. Brownell, Robert L., Jr. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Minke Whales Balaenoptera acutorostrata and B. bonaerensis SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Perrin, William F.; Brownell, Robert L., Jr.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Perrin, WF (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 733 EP 735 PG 3 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200158 ER PT B AU Waring, GT Palka, DL Evans, PGH AF Waring, Gordon T. Palka, Debra L. Evans, Peter G. H. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI North Atlantic Marine Mammals SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Waring, Gordon T.; Palka, Debra L.] NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Evans, Peter G. H.] Univ North Wales, Dept Ocean Sci, Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales. RP Waring, GT (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 773 EP 781 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200168 ER PT B AU Gentry, RL AF Gentry, Roger L. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Northern Fur Seal Callorhinus ursinus SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COLLAPSE; PACIFIC C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Gentry, RL (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 788 EP 791 PG 4 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200170 ER PT B AU Fiedler, PC AF Fiedler, Paul C. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI The Ocean Environment SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MARINE MAMMALS; NORTH PACIFIC; DISTRIBUTIONS; HABITAT; WHALES; SYSTEM C1 NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Fiedler, PC (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 792 EP 797 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200171 ER PT B AU Perrin, WF AF Perrin, William F. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Pantropical Spotted Dolphin Stenella attenuata SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; CETACEANS; OCEAN; ABUNDANCE; RECOVERY; CALVES C1 NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Perrin, WF (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 819 EP 821 PG 3 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200177 ER PT B AU Olson, PA AF Olson, Paula A. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Pilot Whales Globicephala melas and G. macrorhynchus SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ATLANTIC C1 NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Olson, PA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 847 EP 852 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200182 ER PT B AU Wade, PR AF Wade, Paul R. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Population Dynamics SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; BALEEN WHALES; KILLER WHALES; NORTH PACIFIC; TRENDS; CONSERVATION; SEALS; RATES; REEXAMINATION; PRODUCTIVITY C1 NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Wade, PR (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 913 EP 918 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200192 ER PT B AU Barlow, J Reeves, RR AF Barlow, Jay Reeves, Randall R. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Population Status and Trends SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POWER C1 [Barlow, Jay] NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Reeves, Randall R.] Okapi Wildlife Associates, Hudson, PQ, Canada. RP Barlow, J (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 918 EP 920 PG 3 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200193 ER PT B AU Weller, DW AF Weller, David W. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Predation on Marine Mammals SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WHALES ORCINUS-ORCA; KILLER WHALES; SPERM-WHALES; MONACHUS-SCHAUINSLANDI; DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; MONODON-MONOCEROS; URSUS-MARITIMUS; SHARK PREDATION; CHUKCHI SEAS; POLAR BEARS C1 NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Weller, DW (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 57 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 923 EP 932 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200195 ER PT B AU Donahue, MA Perryman, WL AF Donahue, Meghan A. Perryman, Wayne L. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Pygmy Killer Whale Feresa attenuata SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Donahue, Meghan A.; Perryman, Wayne L.] NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Donahue, MA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 938 EP 939 PG 2 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200198 ER PT B AU Lowry, L Boveng, P AF Lowry, Lloyd Boveng, Peter BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Ribbon Seal Histriophoca fasciata SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PHOCA-FASCIATA; PHOCIDAE C1 [Lowry, Lloyd] Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Kailua, HI 96745 USA. [Boveng, Peter] NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Lowry, L (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Kailua, HI 96745 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 955 EP 958 PG 4 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200202 ER PT B AU Borealis, L Peronii, L Lipsky, JD AF Borealis, Lissodelphis Peronii, L. Lipsky, Jessica D. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Right Whale Dolphins SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LISSODELPHIS-PERONII; NORTH PACIFIC; CETACEANS; WATERS; BOREALIS C1 [Borealis, Lissodelphis; Peronii, L.; Lipsky, Jessica D.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Borealis, L (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 958 EP 962 PG 5 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200203 ER PT B AU Antonelis, GA AF Antonelis, George Anthony BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Rookeries SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EVOLUTION C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Antonelis, GA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 986 EP 988 PG 3 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200209 ER PT B AU Jefferson, TA AF Jefferson, Thomas A. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Rough-Toothed Dolphin Steno bredanensis SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CETACEANS; PORPOISE C1 SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Jefferson, TA (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 990 EP 992 PG 3 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200211 ER PT B AU Ralls, K Mesnick, S AF Ralls, Katherine Mesnick, Sarah BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Sexual Dimorphism SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SELECTION; PORPOISE; FEMALES; WHALES; MALES C1 [Ralls, Katherine] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Mesnick, Sarah] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Ralls, K (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 1005 EP 1011 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200216 ER PT B AU Cappozzo, HL Perrin, WF AF Luis Cappozzo, Humberto Perrin, William F. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI South American Sea Lion Otaria flavescens SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MACKEREL TRACHURUS-SYMMETRICUS; CENTRAL CHILE; BEHAVIOR; POPULATION; PATAGONIA; ARGENTINA; BYRONIA; SIZE; SHAW C1 [Luis Cappozzo, Humberto] Museo Argentino Ciencias Nat Bernardino Rivadavia, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Perrin, William F.] NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Cappozzo, HL (reprint author), Museo Argentino Ciencias Nat Bernardino Rivadavia, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. NR 29 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 1076 EP 1079 PG 4 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200227 ER PT B AU Perrin, WF AF Perrin, William F. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Species SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA SEQUENCES; CONSERVATION C1 NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Perrin, WF (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 1084 EP 1087 PG 4 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200229 ER PT B AU Rice, DW AF Rice, Dale W. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Spermaceti SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WHALE PHYSETER-CATODON; ORGAN C1 NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Rice, DW (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 1098 EP 1099 PG 2 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200233 ER PT B AU Perrin, WF AF Perrin, William F. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Spinner Dolphin Stenella longirostris SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PACIFIC; ECOLOGY; CETACEANS; DYNAMICS C1 NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Perrin, WF (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 1100 EP 1103 PG 4 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200234 ER PT B AU Loughlin, TR AF Loughlin, Thomas R. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Steller Sea Lion Eumetopias jubatus SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WESTERN STOCK; DECLINE; ALASKA; HYPOTHESIS; DIET C1 [Loughlin, Thomas R.] NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 1107 EP 1110 PG 4 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200236 ER PT B AU Breiwick, JM York, AE AF Breiwick, Jeffrey M. York, Anne E. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Stock Assessment SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BEAUFORT SEAS STOCK; LIONS; AGE; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT; DYNAMICS; LEVEL C1 [Breiwick, Jeffrey M.] NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [York, Anne E.] Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA USA. RP Breiwick, JM (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 1110 EP 1115 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200237 ER PT B AU Perrin, WF Geraci, JR AF Perrin, William F. Geraci, Joseph R. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Stranding SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PHYSETER-MACROCEPHALUS; WHALES; ATLANTIC; EVENTS C1 [Perrin, William F.] NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Geraci, Joseph R.] Aquat Hlth Sci, Stonington, CT USA. RP Perrin, WF (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 1118 EP 1123 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200239 ER PT B AU Archer, FI AF Archer, Frederick I., II BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Striped Dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ATLANTIC; CETACEANS C1 NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Archer, FI (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 1127 EP 1129 PG 3 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200241 ER PT B AU Forney, KA AF Forney, Karin A. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Surveys SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; CALIFORNIA WATERS; ABUNDANCE; AERIAL; CETACEANS; MODELS; SIZE; SEA C1 NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP Forney, KA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 1129 EP 1131 PG 3 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200242 ER PT B AU Fowler, CW Etnier, MA AF Fowler, Charles W. Etnier, Michael A. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Sustainability SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RESOURCES C1 [Fowler, Charles W.] NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Etnier, Michael A.] Appl Osteol, Bellingham, WA USA. RP Fowler, CW (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 1131 EP 1134 PG 4 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200243 ER PT B AU Gerrodette, T AF Gerrodette, Tim BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI The Tuna-Dolphin Issue SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; RECOVERY; OCEAN C1 NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Gerrodette, T (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 1192 EP 1195 PG 4 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200254 ER PT B AU Brownell, RL Yablokov, AV AF Brownell, Robert L., Jr. Yablokov, Alexey V. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Whaling, Illegal and Pirate SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WHALES MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE C1 [Brownell, Robert L., Jr.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Yablokov, Alexey V.] Ctr Russian Environm Policy, Moscow, Russia. RP Brownell, RL (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 1235 EP 1239 PG 5 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200262 ER PT B AU Clapham, PJ Baker, CS AF Clapham, Phillip J. Baker, C. Scott BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Whaling, Modern SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BALEEN WHALES C1 [Clapham, Phillip J.] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Baker, C. Scott] Oregon State Univ, Marine Mammal Inst, Newport, OR USA. [Baker, C. Scott] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR USA. [Baker, C. Scott] Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Auckland 1, New Zealand. RP Clapham, PJ (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 1239 EP 1243 PG 5 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200263 ER PT J AU Bruno, TJ Wolk, A Naydich, A AF Bruno, Thomas J. Wolk, Arron Naydich, Alexander TI Stabilization of Biodiesel Fuel at Elevated Temperature with Hydrogen Donors: Evaluation with the Advanced Distillation Curve Method SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID DECREASED PARTICULATE-EMISSIONS; SIMILAR HYDROCARBON MIXTURES; DIESEL FUEL; JET FUELS; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; MODEL; IMPROVEMENTS; ENTHALPY; FLUIDS; COAL AB Recently, we introduced the concept of an advanced distillation curve measurement. The new metrology features several important aspects. First, we incorporate a composition explicit data channel for each distillate fraction (for both qualitative, quantitative, and trace analysis). The temperature, volume, and pressure measurements are of low uncertainty, and the temperatures are true thermodynamic state points that can be modeled with an equation of state. These two features make the measurements suitable for equation of state development. The approach also provides consistency with a century of historical data, an assessment of the energy content of each distillate fraction, and where needed, a corrosivity assessment of each distillate fraction. We have applied the new method to fundamental work with hydrocarbon mixtures and azeotropic mixtures, and also to real fuels. The fuels we have measured include rocket propellants, gasolines, jet fuels, diesel fuels (including oxygenated diesel fuel and biodiesel fuels), and crude oils. In this article, we show that the method can also be used to assess the combined thermal and oxidative stability of sensitive fluids such as biodiesel fuel. We also use the method to test three hydrogen donor molecules (1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (THQ), 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene, and trans-decahydronaphthalene) for use as potential stabilizers for biodiesel fuel with this new method. C1 [Bruno, Thomas J.; Wolk, Arron; Naydich, Alexander] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov RI Wolk, Arron/G-8968-2013 OI Wolk, Arron/0000-0002-5269-7319 FU Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) FX This work was performed while A.W. and A.N. were supported by Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) awards at NIST. NR 41 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 23 IS 1 BP 1015 EP 1023 DI 10.1021/ef800740d PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 411ED UT WOS:000263629900149 ER PT J AU Love, M Yoklavich, M Schroeder, D AF Love, Milton S. Yoklavich, Mary Schroeder, Donna M. TI Demersal fish assemblages in the Southern California Bight based on visual surveys in deep water SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Delta submersible; Rockfishes; Species assemblages; Scorpaenidae ID SANTA-BARBARA CHANNEL; 7 OIL PLATFORMS; HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS; ROCKFISH SEBASTES; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PISCES-IV; SEA-FLOOR; REEF; OREGON; REGIME AB Between 1995 and 2006, manned submersible fish surveys were conducted on the sea floor throughout the Southern California Bight. A total of 401 dives (comprising 1,015 transects and 14,373 habitat patches) were made in waters between 19 and 365 m deep. All natural habitat types were included, although both soft sea floors and rocky reefs were surveyed more than any other type. A total of 717,526 fishes, representing a minimum of 137 species and 47 families, were observed. Rockfishes (genus Sebastes), with a minimum of 50 species and 647,495 individuals (90.2% of all fishes observed), dominated most of the habitats. The most abundant species, squarespot (Sebastes hopkinsi), halfbanded (Sebastes semicinctus), shortbelly (Sebastes jordani), and pygmy rockfishes (Sebastes wilsoni), are dwarf taxa that either school or aggregate. The most abundant non-rockfish species was the benthic and territorial blackeye goby (Rhinogobiops nicholsii). Both species richness and overall fish densities were highest in the shallowest sites. Most of the fishes in all habitats were small (a parts per thousand currency sign20 cm TL long) and economically important species were generally uncommon. Forty-four species were found to be characteristic of the study area (occurring in at least 5% of the transects) and these species formed three faunal associations centered around depths of 62, 105, and 168 m. Based on size frequency distributions, at least 18 of the characteristic species exhibited ontogenetic movements, with young-of-the-year and older juveniles living in relatively shallow waters and larger individuals generally in deeper depths. In this study, the abundance of juvenile widow rockfish (Sebastes entomelas), and the virtual absence of adults, in southern California waters may demonstrate an ontogenetic northward movement of this species. This research implies that substantial harvesting of larger species by commercial and recreational fishers has helped alter some fish assemblages, allowing small and "weedy" species to thrive. C1 [Love, Milton S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93160 USA. [Yoklavich, Mary] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Schroeder, Donna M.] Minerals Management Serv, Camarillo, CA 93010 USA. RP Love, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93160 USA. EM love@lifesci.ucsb.edu RI Bizzarro, Joseph/A-2988-2012 FU U. S. Geological Survey's Biological Resources Division; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; Minerals Management Service; NOAA Fisheries; SWFSC Fisheries Ecology Division; Office of Habitat Conservation; Office of Protected Resources; National Undersea Research Program; NOAA Marine Protected Area Science Center; California Artificial Reef Enhancement FX We thank the pilots of the research submersible Delta, C. Ijames, D. Slater, and J. Lilly, for support in the field. B. Lenarz assisted with statistical analyses. M. Nishimoto, L. Snook, T. Laidig, T. Anderson, R. Starr, M. McCrea, A. Bull, and B. Lea assisted with the survey work. Funding was provided by the U. S. Geological Survey's Biological Resources Division, David and Lucile Packard Foundation, Minerals Management Service, NOAA Fisheries, SWFSC Fisheries Ecology Division, Office of Habitat Conservation, and Office of Protected Resources; the National Undersea Research Program; NOAA Marine Protected Area Science Center; and the California Artificial Reef Enhancement Program. NR 43 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD JAN PY 2009 VL 84 IS 1 BP 55 EP 68 DI 10.1007/s10641-008-9389-8 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 387QX UT WOS:000261967800009 ER PT J AU Roberts, JM AF Roberts, James M. TI Constraints on the possible atmospheric sources of perchlorate SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID NATURAL PERCHLORATE; INORGANIC CHLORINE; STRATOSPHERE; TROPOSPHERE; CHEMISTRY; AEROSOLS; AIR AB Observations of perchlorate (ClO(4)(-)) in a variety of environmental media imply that there is an atmospheric source related to nitrate and ozone photochemistry. Formation of perchlorate from chloride in the atmospheric condensed phase (cloud droplets, aerosol particles) requires considerable oxidation, most likely starting with the conversion to a 0 or +1 oxidation-state compound, a process that has been loosely termed 'chlorine activation'. There are several features of mid-latitude tropospheric chlorine activation chemistry, insolubility of known precursors, nitryl chloride (ClNO(2)) and molecular chlorine (Cl(2)), and rapid and efficient cycling of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) to molecular chlorine, that make these pathways highly improbable candidates for the source of perchlorate. It is more probable that environments such as the chlorine-impacted stratosphere, or arid, high-salt desert regions have the necessary high concentrations of chlorine intermediates that could lead to perchlorate, although the detailed chemical steps are not completely known. Measurements of perchlorate in aerosol particles, and in polar snow, firn and ice cores, as well as further fundamental chemical kinetics studies are recommended. C1 NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Roberts, JM (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM james.m.roberts@noaa.gov RI Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 13 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1448-2517 J9 ENVIRON CHEM JI Environ. Chem. PY 2009 VL 6 IS 1 BP 3 EP 6 DI 10.1071/EN08089 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 413AL UT WOS:000263765200002 ER PT J AU Ainsworth, CH Pitcher, TJ AF Ainsworth, C. H. Pitcher, T. J. TI A bioeconomic optimization approach for rebuilding marine communities: British Columbia case study SO ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE British Columbia; Ecopath with Ecosim; ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF); ecosystem restoration; ecosystem-based management (EBM); Maxdex fleet; optimal restorable biomass (ORB); trophic models ID FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; PREDATORY FISHES; TRADE-OFFS; ECOSYSTEMS; FUTURE; MODELS; RESTORATION; BACK; CONSERVATION; POLICY AB Many marine ecosystems are depleted of living resources as a result of long-term overexploitation. Restoration plans should perhaps consider the entire ecosystem as opposed to single species, yet there is currently no suitable framework available for the design and comparison of whole-ecosystem restoration trajectories. This paper presents a novel addition to Ecopath with Ecosim's policy search routine, the 'specific biomass' objective function, which allows gaming scenarios to be run using selective fishing as a tool to rebuild depleted marine ecosystems or modify them into a preferred state. In this paper, restoration scenarios aimed to restore an ecosystem in Northern British Columbia to a state similar to the historic ecosystem of 1950 AD. Restoration plans that achieve restoration quickly tend to require a large sacrifice in fishery profits, while slower plans allow for continued harvest benefits. A convex relationship between profit and recovered biodiversity suggests that there may be an optimal rate of restoration. Cost-benefit analysis demonstrates that conservative restoration plans can offer a rate of return superior to bank interest when viewed as an investment in natural capital. Increasing the selectivity of fishing gear improves the economic outlook. C1 [Ainsworth, C. H.; Pitcher, T. J.] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Ainsworth, CH (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd, Seattle, WA 98113 USA. EM cameron.ainsworth@noaa.gov RI Ainsworth, Cameron/E-8507-2011 NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 15 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0376-8929 J9 ENVIRON CONSERV JI Environ. Conserv. PY 2009 VL 36 IS 4 BP 301 EP 311 DI 10.1017/S0376892910000135 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 634TJ UT WOS:000280607900005 ER PT J AU Tiedeken, JA Ramsdell, JS AF Tiedeken, Jessica A. Ramsdell, John S. TI DDT Exposure of Zebrafish Embryos Enhances Seizure Susceptibility: Relationship to Fetal p,p '-DDE Burden and Domoic Acid Exposure of California Sea Lions SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE Danio rerio; DDT; domoic acid; seizures; zebrafish ID ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; ORGANOCHLORINE RESIDUES; HALICHOERUS-GRYPUS; ADULT MICE; RATS; TOXICITY; O,P'-DDT; BEHAVIOR; PENTYLENETETRAZOLE; INCREASES AB BACKGROUND: California sea lions have a large body burden of organochlorine pesticides, and over the last decade they have also been subject to domoic acid poisoning. Domoic acid poisoning, previously recognized in adult animals, is now viewed as a major cause of prenatal mortality. The appearance of a chronic juvenile domoic acid disease in the sea lions, characterized by behavioral abnormalities and epilepsy, is consistent with early life poisoning and may be potentiated by organochlorine burden. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the interactive effect of DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) on neurodevelopment using a zebrafish (Danio rerio) model for seizure behavior to examine the susceptibility to domoic acid-induced seizures after completion of neurodevelopment. METHODS: Embryos were exposed (6-30 hr postfertilization) to either o,p'-DDT or p,p'-DDE (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene) during neurodevelopment via a 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide solution. These larval (7 days postfertilization) fish were then exposed to either the seizure-inducing drug pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) or domoic acid; resulting seizure behavior was monitored and analyzed for changes using cameras and behavioral tracking software. RESULTS: Embryonic exposure to DDTs enhanced PTZ seizures and caused distinct and increased seizure behaviors to domoic acid, most notably a type of head-shaking behavior. CONCLUSION: These studies demonstrate that embryonic exposure to DDTs leads to asymptomatic animals at completion of neurodevelopment with greater sensitivity to domoic acid-induced seizures. The body burden levels of p,p'-DDE are dose to the range recently found in fetal California sea lions and suggest a potential interactive effect of p,p'-DDE embryonic poisoning and domoic acid toxicity. C1 [Tiedeken, Jessica A.; Ramsdell, John S.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Ramsdell, JS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM john.ramsdell@noaa.gov NR 40 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 16 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 117 IS 1 BP 68 EP 73 DI 10.1289/ehp.11685 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 394WN UT WOS:000262483900031 PM 19165389 ER PT J AU Vaccaro, I Zanotti, LC Sepez, J AF Vaccaro, Ismael Zanotti, Laura C. Sepez, Jennifer TI Commons and markets: opportunities for development of local sustainability SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLITICS LA English DT Article DE commons; development; niche markets; social and ecological resilience; sustainability; environmental policies ID FOREST; CONSERVATION; RESOURCES; TRAGEDY; MEXICO AB Development studies have often evolved amidst a tension between the tendency to declare all forms of communal management archaic and in need of modernisation via privatisation and market integration, and the temptation to essentialise indigenous management with nostalgia while vilifying market impacts. Closer examination suggests that common property systems will not simply collapse under market pressure, or create defensive bulwarks to maintain market-free enclaves, but can strategically engage with market systems and global trade. This offers opportunity for the design of sustainable environmental policies. Ethnographic examples open discussion of an often dismissed possibility: sometimes the connection of small-scale societies to market systems has created a productive opportunity that has allowed these communities to survive. C1 [Vaccaro, Ismael] McGill Univ, Dept Anthropol, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Vaccaro, Ismael] McGill Univ, McGill Sch Environm, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Zanotti, Laura C.] Purdue Univ, Dept Anthropol, Indiana, PA USA. [Sepez, Jennifer] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Vaccaro, I (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Anthropol, Montreal, PQ, Canada. EM ismael.vaccaro@mcgill.ca NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0964-4016 EI 1743-8934 J9 ENVIRON POLIT JI Environ. Polit. PY 2009 VL 18 IS 4 BP 522 EP 538 DI 10.1080/09644010903007393 PG 17 WC Environmental Studies; Political Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Government & Law GA 497WM UT WOS:000270094900004 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Shao, M Kuster, WC Goldan, PD Li, XH Lu, SH De Gouw, JA AF Liu, Ying Shao, Min Kuster, William C. Goldan, Paul D. Li, Xiaohua Lu, Sihua De Gouw, Joost A. TI Source Identification of Reactive Hydrocarbons and Oxygenated VOCs in the Summertime in Beijing SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; CHEMICAL MASS-BALANCE; AIR-POLLUTION SOURCES; POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; NONMETHANE HYDROCARBONS; RADICAL CONCENTRATIONS; OZONE FORMATION; RECEPTOR MODEL; QUALITY AB It is important to identify the sources of reactive volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Beijing for effective ground-level ozone abatement In this paper, semihourly measurements of hydrocarbons and oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) were taken at an urban site in Beijing in August 2005. C(2)-C(5) alkenes isoprene,, and C(1)-C(3) aldehydes were determined as "key reactive species" by their OH loss rates. Principal component analysis. (PICA) was used to define the major sources of reactive species and to classify the dominant air mass types at the sampling site. Vehicle exhaust was the largest contributor to reactive alkenes. More aged air masses with enriched OVOCs traveled mainly from the east or southeast of Beijing. The OVOC Sources were estimated by a least-squares fit approach and included primary emissions, secondary sources, and background. Approximately half of the C(1)-C(3) aldehydes were attributed to secondary sources while regional background, accounted for 21-23% of the mixing ratios of aldehydes Primary, anthropogenic emissions were comparable to biogenic contributions (10-16%). C1 [Liu, Ying; Shao, Min; Li, Xiaohua; Lu, Sihua] Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, State Joint Key Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Kuster, William C.; Goldan, Paul D.; De Gouw, Joost A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Shao, M (reprint author), Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, State Joint Key Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM mshao@pku.edu.cn RI jianwu, shi/B-2557-2009; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; SHAO, Min/C-7351-2014; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [40575059]; National Basic Research Program of China [2002CB410801] FX This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40575059) and National Basic Research Program of China (2002CB410801). We thank Jie-tai Mao, Zhi-jun Wu, and Bin Wang for gases and meteorological data. We also thank Yuan Liu, Xin Li, Xin Xie, Qiao-qiao Wang, and Yuan-zi Wu from PKU. NR 41 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 6 U2 47 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 1 BP 75 EP 81 DI 10.1021/es801716n PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 388JL UT WOS:000262016000016 PM 19209587 ER PT J AU Incardona, JP Carls, MG Day, HL Sloan, CA Bolton, JL Collier, TK Scholz, NL AF Incardona, John P. Carls, Mark G. Day, Heather L. Sloan, Catherine A. Bolton, Jennie L. Collier, Tracy K. Scholz, Nathaniel L. TI Cardiac Arrhythmia Is the Primary Response of Embryonic Pacific Herring (Clupea pallasi) Exposed to Crude Oil during Weathering SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXXON-VALDEZ OIL; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA; EARLY-LIFE STAGES; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; FISH EMBRYOS; CYTOCHROME-P4501A INDUCTION; PETROLEUM-HYDROCARBONS; ZEBRAFISH; TOXICITY AB Teleost embryos develop a syndrome characterized by edema when exposed to water that weathers substrates contaminated with crude oil. Previous studies using zebrafish demonstrated that crude oil exposure causes cardiogenic edema, and that the most abundant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in weathered crude oils (tricyclic fluorenes, dibenzothiophenes, and phenanthrenes) are cardiotoxic, causing arrhythmia through a pathway that does not require activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) We demonstrate. here for Pacific herring, a species impacted by the Exxon Valdez oil spill, that the developing heart is the primary target of crude oil exposure. Herring embryos exposed to the effluent of oiled gravel columns developed dose-dependent edema and irregular cardiac arrhythmia soon after the heartbeat was established. At a dose that produced cardiac dysfunction in 100% of exposed embryos, tissue levels of tricyclic PAHs were below 1 mu mol/kg, suggesting a specific, high affinity target in the heart. These findings have implications for understanding the mechanism of tricyclic PAH cardiotoxicity, the development of biomarkers for the effects of PAH exposure in fish and, understanding the long-term impacts of oil spills and other sources of PAH pollution in aquatic environments. C1 [Incardona, John P.; Day, Heather L.; Sloan, Catherine A.; Bolton, Jennie L.; Collier, Tracy K.; Scholz, Nathaniel L.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Carls, Mark G.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Incardona, JP (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM john.incardona@nota.gov RI Scholz, Nathaniel/L-1642-2013 OI Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272 FU NOAA; California Department of Fish; Game's Oil Spill Response Trust; Oiled Wildlife Care Network; School of Veterinary Medicine,; University of California, Davis FX These studies were funded in part by the NOAA Coastal Storms Program and a grant to J.P.I. and N.L.S. from the California Department of Fish and Game's Oil Spill Response Trust Fund administered through the Oiled Wildlife Care Network, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis. No funding source was involved in the design or implementation of the studies described herein. We thank Paul Hershberger and Jake Gregg for providing ripe herring, Carla Stehr for assistance with gamete dissections and fertilization, Daryle Boyd for chemical analysis of the egg samples, Gina Ylitalo for discussions regarding the analytical chemistry, Kathi Lefebreve, Jim Meador, and anonymous referees for constructive reviews of the manuscript. NR 52 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 5 U2 44 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 1 BP 201 EP 207 DI 10.1021/es802270t PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 388JL UT WOS:000262016000036 PM 19209607 ER PT J AU Viant, MR Bearden, DW Bundy, JG Burton, IW Collette, TW Ekman, DR Ezernieks, V Karakach, TK Lin, CY Rochfort, S De Ropp, JS Teng, Q Tieerdema, RS Walter, JA Wu, H AF Viant, Mark R. Bearden, Daniel W. Bundy, Jaco G. Burton, Ian W. Collette, Timothy W. Ekman, Drew R. Ezernieks, Vilnis Karakach, Tobias K. Lin, Ching Yu Rochfort, Simone De Ropp, Jeffrey S. Teng, Quincy Tieerdema, Ronald S. Walter, John A. Wu, Huifeng TI International NMR-Based Environmental Metabolomics Intercomparison Exercise SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY; SYSTEMS BIOLOGY; METABONOMICS; ORGANISMS; PROTOCOL; OMICS; FIELD AB Several fundamental requirements must be met so that NMR-based metabolomics and the related technique of metabonomics can be formally adopted into environmental monitoring and chemical risk assessment. Here we report an intercomparison exercise which has evaluated the effectiveness of (1)H NMR metabolomics to generate comparable data sets from environmentally derived samples. It focuses on laboratory practice that follows sample collection and metabolite extraction, specifically the final stages of sample preparation, NMR data collection (500, 600, and 800 MHz), data processing, and multivariate analysis. Seven laboratories have participated from the U.S.A., Canada, U.K., and Australia, generating a total of ten data sets. Phase 1 comprised the analysis of synthetic metabolite mixtures,while Phase 2 investigated European flounder (Platichthys flesus) liver extracts from clean and contaminated sites. Overall, the comparability of data sets from the participating laboratories was good. Principal components analyses (PCA) of the individual data sets yielded ten highly similar scores plots for the synthetic mixtures,with a comparable result for the liver extracts. Furthermore, the same metabolic biomarkers; that discriminated fish from clean and contaminated sites were discovered by all the laboratories. PICA of the combined data sets showed excellent clustering of the multiple analyses. These results demonstrate that NMR-based metabolomics can generate data that are sufficiently comparable between laboratories to support its continued evaluation for regulatory environmental studies. C1 [Viant, Mark R.; Wu, Huifeng] Univ Birmingham, Sch Biosci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Bearden, Daniel W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Div Analyt Chem, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Bundy, Jaco G.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Fac Med, Dept Biomol Med, Div Surg Oncol Reprod Biol & Anaesthet SORA, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Burton, Ian W.; Karakach, Tobias K.; Walter, John A.] NRC Inst Marine Biosci, Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1, Canada. [Collette, Timothy W.; Ekman, Drew R.; Teng, Quincy] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Ezernieks, Vilnis; Rochfort, Simone] Dept Primary Ind, Biosci Res Div, Werribee, Vic 3030, Australia. [Lin, Ching Yu; De Ropp, Jeffrey S.; Tieerdema, Ronald S.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Viant, MR (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Sch Biosci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. EM M.Viant@bham.ac.uk; Dan.Bearden@nist.gov RI Bundy, Jacob/C-2131-2008; Viant, Mark/B-6339-2009; Wu, Huifeng/E-4886-2016; OI Bundy, Jacob/0000-0002-1164-8465; Viant, Mark/0000-0001-5898-4119; Wu, Huifeng/0000-0002-4042-8103; LIN, CHING-YU/0000-0002-7144-0383; Rochfort, Simone/0000-0001-8442-6081 FU UK NERC [NE/D000793/1]; Post Genomic and Proteomic Directed Program [NE/C507661/1]; NERC [NER/J/S/2002/00618] FX This work was partially funded by the UK NERC via an International Opportunities Award (NE/D000793/1) and Post Genomic and Proteomic Directed Program (NE/C507661/1). M.R.V. additionally thanks the NERC for an Advanced Fellowship (NER/J/S/2002/00618). The authors thank Dr. Brett Lyons (Centre for the Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science) for the flounder livers. We acknowledge the support of the Hollings Marine Laboratory NMR Facility and David Keiser (Bio21) for assistance and access to NMR instrumentation. Commercial equipment or materials are identified in this paper to specify adequately the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by NIST or EPA, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. This paper has been reviewed in accordance with the U.S. EPA's peer and administrative review policies and approved for publication. M.R.V. and D.W.B. contributed equally to this work. NR 31 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 6 U2 48 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 1 BP 219 EP 225 DI 10.1021/es802198z PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 388JL UT WOS:000262016000039 PM 19209610 ER PT J AU Chen, H Ren, Y Qiu, Y Bao, W Liu, RH Wu, G Wu, T Xie, YL Wang, XF Huang, Q Chen, XH AF Chen, H. Ren, Y. Qiu, Y. Bao, Wei Liu, R. H. Wu, G. Wu, T. Xie, Y. L. Wang, X. F. Huang, Q. Chen, X. H. TI Coexistence of the spin-density wave and superconductivity in Ba1-xKxFe2As2 SO EPL LA English DT Article ID LAYERED QUATERNARY COMPOUND; GAPS AB The relation between the spin-density wave (SDW) and superconducting order is a central topic in the current research on the FeAs-basedhigh-T-C superconductors. Conflicting results exist in the LaFeAs(O,F)-class of materials, for which whether the SDW and superconductivity are mutually exclusive or they can coexist has not been settled. Here we show that for the (Ba, K) Fe2As2 system, the SDW and superconductivity can coexist in an extended range of compositions. The availability of single crystalline samples and high value of the energy gaps would make the materials a model system to investigate the high-T-C ferropnictide superconductivity. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2009 C1 [Chen, H.; Liu, R. H.; Wu, G.; Wu, T.; Xie, Y. L.; Wang, X. F.; Chen, X. H.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Chen, H.; Liu, R. H.; Wu, G.; Wu, T.; Xie, Y. L.; Wang, X. F.; Chen, X. H.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Phys, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Ren, Y.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Qiu, Y.; Huang, Q.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Qiu, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bao, Wei] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bao, W (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM wbao@lanl.gov; chenxh@ustc.edu.cn RI Bao, Wei/E-9988-2011; Wang, Xiangfeng/I-2848-2014; Liu, Ronghua/A-9790-2013 OI Bao, Wei/0000-0002-2105-461X; Wang, Xiangfeng/0000-0001-9845-1659; Liu, Ronghua/0000-0002-4053-3923 FU Nature Science Foundation of China; Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2006CB601001]; National Basic Research Program of China [2006CB922005]; U.S. DOE-OS-BES; U.S. DOE-OS-BES [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The work at USTC is supported by the Nature Science Foundation of China and by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (973 project No. 2006CB601001) and by the National Basic Research Program of China (2006CB922005); at LANL by U.S. DOE-OS-BES; at ANL by U.S. DOE-OS-BES under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 27 TC 256 Z9 261 U1 6 U2 59 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 EI 1286-4854 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PD JAN PY 2009 VL 85 IS 1 AR 17006 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/85/17006 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 411ZH UT WOS:000263692500027 ER PT S AU Scarfone, K Mell, P AF Scarfone, Karen Mell, Peter GP IEEE TI An Analysis of CVSS Version 2 Vulnerability Scoring SO ESEM: 2009 3RD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EMPIRICAL SOFTWARE ENGINEERING AND MEASUREMENT SE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement CY OCT 15-16, 2009 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL SP Univ SE Calif, Ctr Syst & Software Engn, ABB, Microsoft Res, IEEE, ACMSIGSOFT, N Carolina State Univ Comp Sci AB The Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) is a specification for measuring the relative severity of software vulnerabilities. Finalized in 2007, CVSS version 2 was designed to address deficiencies found during analysis and use of the original CVSS version. This paper analyzes how effectively CVSS version 2 addresses these deficiencies and what new deficiencies it may have. This analysis is based primarily on an experiment that applied both version I and version 2 scoring to a large set of recent vulnerabilities. Theoretical characteristics of version I and version 2 scores were also examined. The results show that the goals for the changes were met, but that some changes had a negligible effect on scoring while complicating the scoring process. The changes also had unintended effects on organizations that prioritize vulnerability remediation based primarily on CVSS scores. C1 [Scarfone, Karen; Mell, Peter] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Scarfone, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM karen.scarfone@nist.gov; mell@nist.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1938-6451 BN 978-1-4244-4842-5 J9 INT SYMP EMP SOFTWAR PY 2009 BP 517 EP 526 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BNL70 UT WOS:000274866100064 ER PT J AU Schmid, NA Schuckers, S Phillips, J Bowyer, K AF Schmid, Natalia A. Schuckers, Stephanie Phillips, Jonathon Bowyer, Kevin TI Recent Advances in Biometric Systems: A Signal Processing Perspective SO EURASIP JOURNAL ON ADVANCES IN SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Schmid, Natalia A.] W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Schuckers, Stephanie] Clarkson Univ, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. [Phillips, Jonathon] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bowyer, Kevin] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Schmid, NA (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM natalias@csee.wvu.edu RI Schuckers, Stephanie/F-6197-2017; OI Schuckers, Stephanie/0000-0002-9365-9642; Schmid, Natalia/0000-0003-0531-7157 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-6172 J9 EURASIP J ADV SIG PR JI EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process. PY 2009 AR 128752 DI 10.1155/2009/128752 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 575JE UT WOS:000276062500001 ER PT J AU Prosdocimi, F Chisham, B Pontelli, E Thompson, JD Stoltzfus, A AF Prosdocimi, Francisco Chisham, Brandon Pontelli, Enrico Thompson, Julie D. Stoltzfus, Arlin TI Initial Implementation of a Comparative Data Analysis Ontology SO EVOLUTIONARY BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE evolution; phylogeny; ontology; character data; comparative method ID PHYLOGENETIC TREES; EVOLUTIONARY ANALYSIS; PROTEIN SEQUENCES; NEXUS FORMAT; INFERENCE; ALIGNMENT; PHYLOGENOMICS; INTEGRATION; PARSIMONY; FRAMEWORK AB Comparative analysis is used throughout biology. When entities under comparison (e.g. proteins, genomes, species) are related by descent, evolutionary theory provides a framework that, in principle, allows N-ary comparisons of entities, while controlling for non-independence due to relatedness. Powerful software tools exist for specialized applications of this approach, yet it remains under-utilized in the absence of a unifying informatics infrastructure. A key step in developing such an infrastructure is the definition of a formal ontology. The analysis of use cases and existing formalisms suggests that a significant component of evolutionary analysis involves a core problem of inferring a character history, relying on key concepts: "Operational Taxonomic Units" (OTUs), representing the entities to be compared; "character-state data" representing the observations compared among OTUs; "phylogenetic tree", representing the historical path of evolution among the entities; and "transitions", the inferred evolutionary changes in states of characters that account for observations. Using the Web Ontology Language ( OWL), we have defined these and other fundamental concepts in a Comparative Data Analysis Ontology (CDAO). CDAO has been evaluated for its ability to represent token data sets and to support simple forms of reasoning. With further development, CDAO will provide a basis for tools ( for semantic transformation, data retrieval, validation, integration, etc.) that make it easier for software developers and biomedical researchers to apply evolutionary methods of inference to diverse types of data, so as to integrate this powerful framework for reasoning into their research. C1 [Prosdocimi, Francisco; Thompson, Julie D.] IGBMC, Dept Struct Biol & Genom, F-67400 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. [Prosdocimi, Francisco; Thompson, Julie D.] INSERM, U964, F-67400 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. [Prosdocimi, Francisco; Thompson, Julie D.] CNRS, UMR7104, F-67400 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. [Prosdocimi, Francisco; Thompson, Julie D.] Univ Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France. [Chisham, Brandon; Pontelli, Enrico] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Stoltzfus, Arlin] Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Stoltzfus, Arlin] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Prosdocimi, F (reprint author), IGBMC, Dept Struct Biol & Genom, F-67400 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. EM arlin.stoltzfus@nist.gov RI Thompson, Julie/F-3208-2010; Stoltzfus, Arlin/D-8551-2011; Prosdocimi, Francisco/F-6847-2012 OI Stoltzfus, Arlin/0000-0002-0963-1357; Prosdocimi, Francisco/0000-0002-6761-3069 FU NESCent; French ANR [BLAN07-1_198915]; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Universite Louis Pasteur de Strasbourg; National Science Foundation [HRD-0420407, CNS-0220590, DGE-0504304]; NLM, NIH [LM007885] FX We thank Fabian Neuhaus for comments; and we thank Hilmar Lapp, Todd Vision, and the NESCent Evolutionary Informatics working group ( particularly Aaron Mackey, David Swofford, Christian Zmasek and Rutger Vos) for sharing expert knowledge and contributing to the concept glossary. NESCent and the French ANR (EvolHHuPro: BLAN07-1_198915) are gratefully acknowledged for financial support. FP, JDT are supported by institute funds from the Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, the Universite Louis Pasteur de Strasbourg. EP has been supported by National Science Foundation grants HRD-0420407 and CNS-0220590. BC is supported by an IGERT fellowship from NSF grant DGE-0504304. This work was conducted using the Protege resource, which is supported by grant LM007885 (NLM, NIH). The identification of specific commercial software products in this paper is for the purpose of specifying a protocol, and does not imply a recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 80 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU BIOINFORMATICS INST PI AUCKLAND PA UNIV AUCKLAND, PRIVATE BAG, AUCKLAND, 00000, NEW ZEALAND SN 1176-9343 J9 EVOL BIOINFORM JI Evol. Bioinform. PY 2009 VL 5 BP 47 EP 66 PG 20 WC Evolutionary Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Evolutionary Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 513IU UT WOS:000271316700005 PM 19812726 ER PT J AU Churchill, CB Shaw, JA Iadicola, MA AF Churchill, C. B. Shaw, J. A. Iadicola, M. A. TI TIPS AND TRICKS FOR CHARACTERIZING SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY WIRE: PART 2-FUNDAMENTAL ISOTHERMAL RESPONSES SO EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSFORMATION; PROPAGATION; BEHAVIOR; FRONTS; STRESS; STEEL; BANDS; NITI C1 [Churchill, C. B.; Shaw, J. A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Iadicola, M. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Churchill, CB (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM churchc@umich.edu OI Churchill, Christopher/0000-0002-2976-3146 FU National Science Foundation; General Motors Corp. through the General Motors/University of Michigan FX We thank Nilesh Mankame (General Motors) for the invitation to write this series of articles. We gratefully acknowledge the financial support for this work provided by the National Science Foundation and General Motors Corp. through the General Motors/University of Michigan Collaborative Research Laboratory in Smart Materials and Structures. NR 21 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0732-8818 J9 EXP TECHNIQUES JI Exp. Tech. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 33 IS 1 BP 51 EP 62 DI 10.1111/j.1747-1567.2008.00460.x PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA 407DK UT WOS:000263343600009 ER PT J AU Jeong, B Woo, J Kulvatunyou, B Cho, H AF Jeong, Buhwan Woo, Jungyub Kulvatunyou, Boonserm Cho, Hyunbo TI JESS-based web interface for XML document validation SO EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Expert system; Interoperability; JESS; Schema design quality; Validation; XML AB Ensuring consistency among data exchange specifications in XML is critical to seamless integration of various business-to-business (B2B) applications. To this end, a specification should be thoroughly verified in manifold perspectives such as grammar/syntax conformance, design compliance, and canonical semantics accordance. A single hand-woven testbed implementation will fail to versatilely support such a variety of testings. In this paper, we propose a novel validation tool of XML documents using an expert system and open validation rule scripts. Particularly, we illustrate a web-based implementation to ensure an XML schema's design compliance to design and naming rules (NDR), namely a quality of schema design (QoD) test. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jeong, Buhwan; Woo, Jungyub; Cho, Hyunbo] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Ind Engn & Management, Pohang 790784, Kyungbuk, South Korea. [Kulvatunyou, Boonserm] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jeong, B (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Ind Engn & Management, San 31, Pohang 790784, Kyungbuk, South Korea. EM bjeong@postech.ac.kr; woo@postech.ac.kr; serm@nist.gov; hcho@postech.ac.kr RI Cho, Hyunbo/F-6973-2013 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0957-4174 J9 EXPERT SYST APPL JI Expert Syst. Appl. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 36 IS 1 BP 683 EP 689 DI 10.1016/j.eswa.2007.10.018 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 418XI UT WOS:000264182800068 ER PT J AU Ospelkaus, S Ni, KK de Miranda, MHG Neyenhuis, B Wang, D Kotochigova, S Julienne, PS Jin, DS Ye, J AF Ospelkaus, S. Ni, K. -K. de Miranda, M. H. G. Neyenhuis, B. Wang, D. Kotochigova, S. Julienne, P. S. Jin, D. S. Ye, J. TI Ultracold polar molecules near quantum degeneracy SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Cold and Ultracold Molecules Conference 2009 CY APR 15-17, 2009 CL Durham Univ, Durham, ENGLAND HO Durham Univ ID GAS AB We report the creation and characterization of a near quantum-degenerate gas of polar (40)K-(87)Rb molecules in their absolute rovibrational ground state. Starting from weakly bound heteronuclear KRb Feshbach molecules, we implement precise control of the molecular electronic, vibrational, and rotational degrees of freedom with phase-coherent laser fields. In particular, we coherently transfer these weakly bound molecules across a 125 THz frequency gap in a single step into the absolute rovibrational ground state of the electronic ground potential. Phase coherence between lasers involved in the transfer process is ensured by referencing the lasers to two single components of a phase-stabilized optical frequency comb. Using these methods, we prepare a dense gas of 4 x 10(4) polar molecules at a temperature below 400 nK. This fermionic molecular ensemble is close to quantum degeneracy and can be characterized by a degeneracy parameter of T/T(F) = 3. We have measured the molecular polarizability in an optical dipole trap where the trap lifetime gives clues to interesting decay mechanisms. Given the large measured dipole moment of the KRb molecules of 0.5 Debye, the study of quantum degenerate molecular gases interacting via strong dipolar interactions is now within experimental reach. PACS numbers: 37.10. Mn, 37.10. Pq. C1 [Ospelkaus, S.; Ni, K. -K.; de Miranda, M. H. G.; Neyenhuis, B.; Wang, D.; Jin, D. S.; Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kotochigova, S.] Temple Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Julienne, P. S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Julienne, P. S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jin, DS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jin@jilau1.colorado.edu; junye@jilau1.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Wang, Dajun/F-7026-2012; Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 NR 37 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1364-5498 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2009 VL 142 BP 351 EP 359 DI 10.1039/b821298h PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 483NW UT WOS:000268974900022 PM 20151553 ER PT J AU Julienne, PS AF Julienne, Paul S. TI Ultracold molecules from ultracold atoms: a case study with the KRb molecule SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Cold and Ultracold Molecules Conference 2009 CY APR 15-17, 2009 CL Durham Univ, Durham, ENGLAND HO Durham Univ ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; RESONANT SCATTERING THEORY; QUANTUM-DEFECT ANALYSIS; OPTICAL LATTICES; POLAR-MOLECULES; PHOTOASSOCIATION SPECTROSCOPY; UNIMOLECULAR DECOMPOSITION; ASSOCIATION REACTIONS; COLD COLLISIONS; NOBEL LECTURE AB Ultracold collisions of cold atoms or molecules make the bound states of the collision complex formed from the two colliding species accessible for control and manipulation of the cold species or the complex. Such resonances are best treated by a resonant scattering theory, which in the ultracold domain can take advantage of the properties of the long-range potential and the methods of multichannel quantum defect theory. Coupled channels calculations on the threshold scattering states and bound states of the (40)K(87)Rb molecule illustrate the ideas and methodology of quantum defect theory using the long-range potential and also demonstrate the spin properties of the bound states throughout the spectrum. C1 [Julienne, Paul S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Julienne, Paul S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Julienne, PS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8423, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM paul.julienne@nist.gov RI Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 NR 99 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1364-5498 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2009 VL 142 BP 361 EP 388 DI 10.1039/b820917k PG 28 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 483NW UT WOS:000268974900023 PM 20151554 ER PT S AU Nandi, M AF Nandi, Mridul BE Dunkelman, O TI Fast and Secure CBC-Type MAC Algorithms SO FAST SOFTWARE ENCRYPTION SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Mathematics, Applied Sciences, and Real Life (MATHKNOW 08) CY MAY 22-24, 2008 CL Milan, ITALY DE CBC-MAC; OMAC; padding rule; prf-security ID MESSAGE-AUTHENTICATION CODE AB The CBC-MAC or cipher block chaining message authentication code, is a well-known method to generate message authentication codes. Unfortunately, it is not forgery-secure over an arbitrary domain. There are several secure variant's of CBC-MAC, among which OMAC is a widely-used candidate. To authenticate an s-block message, OMAC costs (s+1) block cipher encryptions (one of these is a zero block encryption), and only one block cipher key is used. In this paper, we propose two secure and efficient variants of CBC-MAC: namely, GCBC1 and GCBC2. Our constructions cost; only s block cipher encryptions to authenticate an s-block message, for all s >= 2. Moreover, GCBC2 needs only one block cipher encryption for almost all single block messages, and for all other single block messages, it costs two block cipher encryptions. We have also defined a class of generalized CBC-MAC constructions, and proved a sufficient condition for prf-security. In particular, we have provided an unified prf-security analysis of CBC-type constructions, e.g., XCBC, TMAC and our proposals GCBC1 and GCBC2. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nandi, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mridul.nandi@gmail.com NR 21 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-03316-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2009 VL 5665 BP 375 EP 393 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BLG65 UT WOS:000270131200023 ER PT B AU Adler, F Sotier, F Trautlein, D Sell, A Moutzouris, K Huber, R Leitenstorfer, A AF Adler, Florian Sotier, Florian Traeutlein, Daniel Sell, Alexander Moutzouris, Konstantinos Huber, Rupert Leitenstorfer, Alfred BE Kimura, M TI WIDELY TUNABLE FEMTOSECOND ER: FIBER LASERS AND APPLICATIONS SO FIBER LASERS: RESEARCH, TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS SE Lasers and Electro-Optics Research and Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ERBIUM-DOPED FIBER; MODE-LOCKED LASERS; OPTICAL FREQUENCY-SYNTHESIS; PHOTONIC-CRYSTAL FIBERS; CARRIER-ENVELOPE PHASE; TI-SAPPHIRE LASER; PULSE GENERATION; ALL-FIBER; SUPERCONTINUUM GENERATION; RING LASERS AB Mode-locked erbium-doped fiber lasers exhibit many advantages over solid state lasers, such as compactness, energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Therefore, they are used for more and more applications in physics, chemistry and biology. One of their major disadvantages, however, is their restricted wavelength range, which is usually limited to the telecom region around 1.55 mu m. Progress in short-pulse amplifier technology in recent years has opened the opportunity to achieve wide wavelength coverage by using highly nonlinear fibers. In the first part of this chapter, we present the general design and characteristics of an amplified femtosecond fiber laser and a method to generate tunable spectra with wavelengths from shorter than 1.0 mu m to longer than 2.3 mu m. A mode-locked and amplified Er:fiber laser with an adjustable prism compressor typically provides pulses with energies of 3 nJ and minimum durations of less than 60 fs. By coupling this output into a highly nonlinear fiber, broadband pulses with a continuous spectral tuning range from 0.97 mu m to 1.42 mu m are generated. An optimized prism, sequence compresses these pulses to durations as low as 13 fs. One particularly interesting aspect of these spectra is also that they may be efficiently frequency-doubled to provide continuous coverage in the visible spectral region. In the second part, we highlight a unique feature of Er:fiber amplifiers. The high small-signal gain allows for a distribution of the seed power to multiple amplifiers. Thus, many inherently synchronized outputs are generated without a significant power penalty. Although sharing the same seed oscillator, the outputs may be independently configured employing the previously described nonlinear conversion method. We present a measurement of the phase noise and timing jitter, respectively, between two parallel and independently configurable amplifier branches. The measurement reveals that the numerous nonlinear effects in the amplifiers and frequency conversion fibers generate only marginal relative timing jitter of 43 attoseconds, corresponding to only one hundredth of an optical cycle. Finally, we present two applications for the tunable pulses and the two-branch approach. Tunable visible and near infrared spectra enable fluorescence microscopy at many different wavelength with a single laser source. Extending the laser system to two amplifier branches allows unique frequency-mixing schemes generating milliwatt-level average power in the blue and mid-infrared spectral region. C1 Univ Konstanz, Dept Phys, D-78457 Constance, Germany. Univ Konstanz, Ctr Appl Photon, D-78457 Constance, Germany. RP Adler, F (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 101 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60692-896-7 J9 LASERS ELECTRO-OPT R PY 2009 BP 31 EP 57 PG 27 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BMU46 UT WOS:000273583800002 ER PT B AU Kelly, BP AF Kelly, Brendan P. BE Eicken, H Gradinger, R Salganek, M Shirasawa, K Perovich, D Lepparanta, M TI Studying Seals in Their Sea Ice Habitat Application of Traditional and Scientific Methods SO FIELD TECHNIQUES FOR SEA ICE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ARCTIC MARINE MAMMALS; PHOCA-HISPIDA PUPS; RINGED SEAL; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; CYSTOPHORA-CRISTATA; BREEDING HABITAT; BARROW STRAIT; BEARDED SEALS; HOODED SEAL; BALAENOPTERA-MUSCULUS C1 [Kelly, Brendan P.] Natl Sci Fdn, Off Polar Programs, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. RP Kelly, BP (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, AFSC TSMRI Auke Bay Labs, 17109 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM brendan.kelly@noaa.gov NR 151 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV ALASKA PRESS PI FAIRBANKS PA UNIV ALASKA GRUENING BLDG 1ST FLOOR PO BOX 756240, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775-6240 USA BN 978-1-60223-107-8; 978-1-60223-059-0 PY 2009 BP 301 EP 344 PG 44 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BWO80 UT WOS:000294414900014 ER PT J AU Manzello, SL Maranghides, A Shields, JR Mell, WE Hayashi, Y Nii, D AF Manzello, Samuel L. Maranghides, Alexander Shields, John R. Mell, William E. Hayashi, Yoshihiko Nii, Daisaku TI Mass and size distribution of firebrands generated from burning Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) trees SO FIRE AND MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE firebrands; wildland/urban interface fires ID HIGH WINDS; FUEL BEDS; IGNITION; FIRES AB The present study reports on a series of real-scale fire experiments that were performed to determine the mass and size distribution of firebrands generated from Korean Pine (Pinus koraiensis), a common conifer species indigenous to China, Japan, and Korea. The experiments were performed at the Building Research Institute in Tsukuba, Japan. The total tree height was fixed at 4.0 m and tree moisture content was varied to examine the influence that this parameter has on the mass and size distribution of the firebrands that are produced, under ambient wind conditions. The firebrands were collected using an array of pans. The pans used for firebrand collection were filled with water. This ensured that firebrands would be quenched as soon as they made contact with the pans. The firebrands were subsequently dried and the mass and size of more than 500 firebrands were measured. The Korean pine trees were also mounted on load cells during burning to determine the temporally resolved mass loss profiles. The mass loss data were used to compare the total amount of mass collected as firebrands with the total amount of mass burned. Results of this study are presented and compared with the mass and size distribution of firebrands collected from burning Douglas-fir trees, a conifer tree species indigenous to the U.S.A. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Manzello, Samuel L.; Maranghides, Alexander; Shields, John R.; Mell, William E.] NIST, BFRL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hayashi, Yoshihiko; Nii, Daisaku] BRI, Dept Fire Engn, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050802, Japan. RP Manzello, SL (reprint author), NIST, BFRL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM samuelm@nist.gov FU NIST FX Mr S. Nanno and Mr K. Nakamura (BRI Guest Researchers, under the supervision of Dr Ichiro Hagiwara of BRI) completed some of the analysis for the firebrand mass and size distributions of Korean pine tree experiments; their able help is this regard is appreciated. The assistance of Mr M. G. Fernandez, Engineering Technician, of BFRL-NIST with the experiments is acknowledged. Dr William Grosshandler, Fire Research Division Chief, is acknowledged for supporting this research at NIST. NR 20 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0308-0501 J9 FIRE MATER JI Fire Mater. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 33 IS 1 BP 21 EP 31 DI 10.1002/fam.977 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 402GR UT WOS:000263002700002 ER PT J AU Gwynne, SMV Kuligowski, ED Kratchman, J Milke, JA AF Gwynne, S. M. V. Kuligowski, E. D. Kratchman, J. Milke, J. A. TI Questioning the linear relationship between doorway width and achievable flow rate SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Door; Exit; Doorway; Flow rate; Egress models; Effective width; Egress simulation; Engineering analysis; Egress analysis; Means of egress AB This paper challenges the currently assumed linear relationship between doorway width and achievable flow. The current view is seen as a simplification that may lead to an overly optimistic view of the achievable flow rates. Analyzed data are presented in order to demonstrate the impact that the actual use of the doorway and its design can have upon the flow rate generated. These data are then supported by the use of numerical simulations to demonstrate the impact that this overestimation can have upon the design process, It is contended that the specific flow rate assumed for a doorway should take into consideration not only its width, but also the design of the doorway (i.e.. the opening and closing mechanism) and how evacuees behave in response to it The issues raised have implications for the governing codes/regulations, engineering guidance and on the development of future computational egress models. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gwynne, S. M. V.] Hughes Associates Inc, People Movement, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Kuligowski, E. D.] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kuligowski, E. D.] Univ Colorado, Nat Hazards Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Milke, J. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Fire Protect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Gwynne, SMV (reprint author), Hughes Associates Inc, People Movement, 3515 28th St 307, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM sgwynne@haifire.com NR 16 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 44 IS 1 BP 80 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2008.03.010 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 391BI UT WOS:000262207100007 ER PT B AU Holliday, M AF Holliday, Mark BA Pontecorvo, G Schrank, WE BF Pontecorvo, G Schrank, WE TI Evolution of Fisheries Statistics in the United States SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT: PANDEMIC FAILURE, WORKABLE SOLUTIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 NOAA, Fisheries Off Policy, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Holliday, M (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Off Policy, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY, W YORKSHIRE BD16 1WA, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84855-216-6 PY 2009 BP 21 EP 51 PG 31 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BUJ47 UT WOS:000289511700004 ER PT J AU Juan-Jorda, MJ Barth, JA Clarke, ME Wakefield, WW AF Jose Juan-Jorda, Maria Barth, John A. Clarke, M. E. Wakefield, W. W. TI Groundfish species associations with distinct oceanographic habitats in the Northern California Current SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE ecosystem-based fisheries management; groundfish; northeast Pacific Ocean; oceanographic data products; oceanographic datasets; oceanographic habitats ID CURRENT SYSTEM; FISH-HABITAT; DEMERSAL ASSEMBLAGES; VANCOUVER-ISLAND; DEEP-REEF; PACIFIC; COASTAL; OREGON; ECOLOGY; ABUNDANCE AB Ecosystem-based management places a strong emphasis on habitat, but little work has been done to examine how water column properties may influence the distribution, abundances and structure of groundfish assemblages. We identified and described oceanographic habitats in the northern California Current based on temperature, salinity, chlorophyll-a and the inherent variability in these factors. We then examined the distribution and the abundance of groundfishes in relation to these oceanographic habitats and conditions with the long-term goal of improving science for ecosystem-based management of the groundfish fishery of the west coast of the USA. Five summertime oceanographic habitats with distinct physical and biological characteristics were identified in the northeast Pacific Ocean off the northwest Coast of the USA: Offshore Habitat, Upwelling Habitat, Highly Variable Upwelling Habitat, River Plume Habitat, and Highly Variable Habitat. Overall, the species composition differed among the five oceanographic habitats, with certain groundfish species being highly indicative of some habitats; however, the majority of the associations were weak due to overlap of species distributions in the nearshore oceanographic habitats. In contrast, groundfish species showed strong associations with individual oceanographic factors, primarily depth, surface chlorophyll-a, and bottom salinity and temperature. In addition, latitudinal variations in upwelling intensity, river discharge and productivity led to the identification of three regions where high chlorophyll-a concentrations were associated with large abundances of specific groundfish species. The combined oceanographic datasets and data products that we produced have the potential to be a powerful tool for improving our knowledge of the west coast ecosystem. C1 [Jose Juan-Jorda, Maria; Barth, John A.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Oceanog & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Clarke, M. E.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Wakefield, W. W.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Juan-Jorda, MJ (reprint author), Univ A Coruna, Fac Ciencias, Alejandro Sota 1, La Coruna 15008, Spain. EM mjuan@pas.azti.es RI Bizzarro, Joseph/A-2988-2012; OI Juan-Jorda, Maria Jose/0000-0002-4586-2400 FU NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Fishery Resource Analysis and Monitoring Division [NA17FE1527] FX We thank the many people who assisted with the gathering of the data presented here: the Northwest Fisheries Science Center Fishery Resource Analysis and Monitoring Division and technical support group for providing the fisheries data and Andrew Thomas (University of Maine) and Bill Peterson (NOAA Fisheries) for providing some of the oceanographic data. We are also very grateful to many colleagues who helped us with data processing and analyses: Steve Pierce, Renato Castelao, Otto Gygax, Robert O'Malley, Doug Reese and Chris Romsos. We have pleasure in thanking Nick Tolimieri for his helpful comments and statistical advice on using the CAP program, Bruce McCune for statistical advice on the NMDS analyses and useful clarifications with the PC-ORD program, and Patrick Ressler for his suggestions, comments and insights on the manuscript. This work was supported under grant NA17FE1527 from NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Fishery Resource Analysis and Monitoring Division through OSU's Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies. NR 57 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 EI 1365-2419 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2009 VL 18 IS 1 BP 1 EP 19 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2008.00489.x PG 19 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 400RX UT WOS:000262887400001 ER PT J AU Santora, JA Reiss, CS Cossio, AM Veit, RR AF Santora, Jarrod A. Reiss, Christian S. Cossio, Anthony M. Veit, Richard R. TI Interannual spatial variability of krill (Euphausia superba) influences seabird foraging behavior near Elephant Island, Antarctica SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Antarctic krill; Antarctica; Elephant Island; Euphausia superba; foraging; patchiness; seabirds ID SOUTH SHETLAND ISLANDS; PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTIONS; SCOTIA SEA; LOCAL ENHANCEMENT; PATCHY ENVIRONMENT; HABITAT SELECTION; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; FOOD-WEB; CHINSTRAP PENGUINS; BRANSFIELD STRAIT AB We investigate the influence of krill (principally Euphausia superba) patchiness on the foraging distributions of seabirds to understand how variation in krill influences patch dynamics between krill and birds. At sea-surveys were conducted near Elephant Island, Antarctica, for 3 yr (2004-2006) during the annual U.S. Antarctic Marine Living Resources (AMLR) program. Standardized strip-transect surveys were used to map seabirds, and a combination of acoustic and net surveys was used to map krill. We measured patch size of krill and seabirds and elucidated how krill patch dynamics influence foraging seabirds. The spatial association between krill and predators was influenced by the size and arrangement of krill patches. We found a negative relationship between abundance and patchiness of krill and predators, indicating that when krill is less abundant, its predators are less abundant and concentrated. We conclude that annual patch dynamics of krill strongly influences the local abundance and distribution of seabirds. Such information should be used to interpret potential interactions between seabirds and krill fisheries operating near Elephant Island. C1 [Santora, Jarrod A.; Veit, Richard R.] CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Dept Biol, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. [Reiss, Christian S.; Cossio, Anthony M.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Santora, JA (reprint author), CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Dept Biol, 2800 Victory Blvd, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. EM jasantora@gmail.com FU NSF-OPP [OPP-9983751] FX We thank the United States Antarctic Marine Living Resources program for facilitating fieldwork during this study. We greatly appreciate the assistance of the captain and crew of the R/V Yuzhmorgeologiya. A. J. Bernick, M. P. Force, and D. J. Futuyma assisted in data collection of predators. We would like to thank R. Hewitt for maintaining and processing acoustic data during 2004. This paper was enhanced by the comments of anonymous reviewers. Seabird data collection was made possible due to NSF-OPP grant (OPP-9983751) to R.R.V. NR 84 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2009 VL 18 IS 1 BP 20 EP 35 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2008.00490.x PG 16 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 400RX UT WOS:000262887400002 ER PT J AU Schick, RS Lutcavage, ME AF Schick, R. S. Lutcavage, M. E. TI Inclusion of prey data improves prediction of bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) distribution SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Atlantic herring; bluefin tuna; Clupea harengus; Gulf of Maine; prey data; sea surface temperature fronts; spatial correlation; Thunnus thynnus ID WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; ULTRASONIC TELEMETRY; FRONTS; GULF; FEATURES; MAINE; ASSOCIATION; GROUNDS; SHELF; DIET AB We examined the distribution of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) in the Gulf of Maine, Northwest Atlantic Ocean, from 17 to 23 August 1995, in relation to physical and biological parameters. Specifically, we fit a binomial GLM to the bluefin tuna presence-absence data and predictor variables that include: sea surface temperature (SST), ocean depth, distance to an SST front, time-lagged density of SST fronts, and an interpolated surface of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) density. In addition, we use simple and partial Mantel tests to examine whether bluefin tuna presence-absence data are significantly associated with these predictors, once spatial autocorrelation is accounted for. Results suggest that the distribution of bluefin tuna significantly correlated with herring density (z = 3.525, P = 0.000424), and that inclusion of biological variables results in a more parsimonious model. Mantel tests results indicate that bluefin tuna abundance is significantly correlated with herring density after the effect of spatial structure is removed (Mantel r = 0.043, P < 0.019). C1 [Schick, R. S.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Lutcavage, M. E.] Univ New Hampshire, Large Pelag Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Schick, RS (reprint author), Duke Univ, Univ Program Ecol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM rss10@duke.edu NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2009 VL 18 IS 1 BP 77 EP 81 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2008.00499.x PG 5 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 400RX UT WOS:000262887400006 ER PT J AU Hinckley, S Napp, JM Hermann, AJ Parada, C AF Hinckley, S. Napp, J. M. Hermann, A. J. Parada, C. TI Simulation of physically mediated variability in prey resources of a larval fish: a three-dimensional NPZ model SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE biophysical models; nutrient-phytoplankton-zooplankton models; prey dynamics; recruitment; Theragra chalcogramma; walleye pollock ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; EARLY-LIFE-HISTORY; INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL; ARCTIC PACIFIC-OCEAN; ALASKA WALLEYE POLLOCK; EDDY-RESOLVING MODEL; SHELIKOF-STRAIT; SPATIALLY-EXPLICIT; MESOSCALE EDDIES; STANDING STOCK AB A three-dimensional biophysical nutrient-phytoplankton-zooplankton model was used to investigate the spatial and temporal dynamics of food resources for young walleye pollock in the western Gulf of Alaska, to further understanding of recruitment processes for pollock. We modeled nitrogen, phytoplankton, a large herbivorous grazer parameterized as Neocalanus spp. (the biomass dominant copepod in the Gulf), and the 13 stages (egg, naupliar and copepodite) of Pseudocalanus spp. (a major constituent of the diet of pollock) so that the appropriate size class of food for each size of larval pollock was represented. Model results identified an area between the Semidi and Shumagin Islands that may not be suitable as a nursery area early in the year due to low prey abundance. Modeled mesoscale eddies, previously hypothesized to be important for larval pollock retention in Shelikof Strait, contained higher prey concentrations than the surrounding waters when they were cyclonic. This work also help to understand the consistency of pollock spawning in time and space in Shelikof Strait, by examining the timing and location of prey availability which, along with transport, narrows the window for optimal spawning. C1 [Hinckley, S.; Napp, J. M.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hermann, A. J.; Parada, C.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Hinckley, S (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM sarah.hinckley@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Fisheries Oceanography Coordinated Investigations [FOCI-0501] FX This research is contribution FOCI-0501 to NOAA's Fisheries Oceanography Coordinated Investigations. NR 63 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2009 VL 18 IS 4 BP 201 EP 223 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2009.00505.x PG 23 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 466XJ UT WOS:000267698200001 ER PT J AU Hernandez, FJ Hare, JA Fey, DP AF Hernandez, Frank J. Hare, Jonathan A. Fey, Dariusz P. TI Evaluating diel, ontogenetic and environmental effects on larval fish vertical distribution using Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Generalized Additive Models for Location; Scale and Shape; larval fish; Urophycis regia; vertical distribution ID NORTH-SEA; OREGON COAST; ARABIAN SEA; COD LARVAE; MIGRATION; TRANSPORT; BUOYANCY; ICHTHYOPLANKTON; SHELF; GULF AB Changes in ichthyoplankton vertical distributions can have important consequences with respect to larval transport and survivorship, yet determining the relative importance of environmental influences on vertical migrations in a statistically meaningful framework remains challenging. Here we use Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape (GAMLSS) and Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) to model the vertical distribution of larval Urophycis regia collected over a 108-h time series on the Mid-Atlantic Bight shelf. Depth was the response variable weighted by two measures of larval abundance: concentrations (number 100 m(-3)) and proportions at depth. Mean and variance of depth were modeled as a function of time, wind stress, current velocity, water column stratification and ontogeny. Model results indicated a large effect of stage for both concentration- and proportion-based analyses. Subsequent and separate analyses on preflexion and postflexion U. regia indicated a differential response to the environmental parameters based on ontogeny. Model results suggested preflexion U. regia do not have a diel pattern in vertical distribution, but do avoid areas of high surface turbulence related to wind stress. In contrast, postflexion larvae have a significant diel pattern of vertical distribution mediated by surface turbulence (increased variance). The statistical approaches applied here offer the potential to evaluate the effect of multiple factors on vertical distribution and have provided significant insight into the factors that influence the vertical distribution of spotted hake larvae. C1 [Hernandez, Frank J.] Dauphin Isl Sea Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. [Hare, Jonathan A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Fey, Dariusz P.] Sea Fisheries Res Inst, Dept Fisheries Oceanog & Marine Ecol, PL-81332 Gdynia, Poland. RP Hernandez, FJ (reprint author), Dauphin Isl Sea Lab, 101 Bienville Blvd, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. EM fhernandez@disl.org RI Fey, Dariusz/B-1962-2013 FU NOAA Ship Gordon Gunter FX We would like to thank the scientific team (H. Walsh, M. Burton, R. Mays, K. Taylor, M. Tzeng, N. Craig, K. Hackney and T. Hoss) as well as the captain and crew of the NOAA Ship Gordon Gunter for their participation. We especially thank M. Stasinopoulos for his comments on our application of the GAMLSS approach. We also thank M. Konieczna and the scientific staff at the Plankton Sorting and Identification Center in Szczecin, Poland, for larval fish identifications and length measurements. Karen Edwards provided us with estimated tidal currents from ADCIRC. Jonathan Kool made us aware of the generalized doubly reflected normal distribution. We thank Dave Colby for suggesting we find alternative statistical approaches for investigating larval vertical distributions. We also thank J. Runge, M. Dickey-Collas and an anonymous reviewer for their comments on previous drafts. Our acknowledgement of their contribution does not imply that they agree with the content of this manuscript. Funding was provided by NOAA's Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research award under the N-GOMEX 2001 Program. NR 60 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2009 VL 18 IS 4 BP 224 EP 236 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2009.00508.x PG 13 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 466XJ UT WOS:000267698200002 ER PT J AU Hurst, TP Cooper, DW Scheingross, JS Seale, EM Laurel, BJ Spencer, ML AF Hurst, Thomas P. Cooper, Daniel W. Scheingross, Joel S. Seale, Erin M. Laurel, Benjamin J. Spencer, Mara L. TI Effects of ontogeny, temperature, and light on vertical movements of larval Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE diel vertical migration; Gulf of Alaska; larval behavior; larval transport; Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus; vertical distribution ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; EARLY-LIFE-HISTORY; GULF-OF-ALASKA; WALLEYE POLLOCK; HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS; MARINE POPULATIONS; TRANSPORT; FISHES; DISTRIBUTIONS; CONNECTIVITY AB The role of behavior, especially vertical migration, is recognized as a critical component of realistic models of larval fish dispersion. Unfortunately, our understanding of these behaviors lags well behind our ability to construct three-dimensional flow-field models. Previous field studies of vertical behavior of larval Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) were limited to small, preflexion stages (< 11 mm SL) in a narrow range of thermal conditions. To develop a more complete picture of larval behavior, we examined the effects of ontogeny, temperature, and light on vertical responses of larval Pacific cod in experimental columns. While eggs were strictly demersal, yolk-sac larvae displayed a strong surface orientation as early as 1 day post hatch (similar to 5 mm SL). Consistent with field observations, small preflexion larvae (< 10 mm SL) showed no response to varying light levels. However, there was a direct effect of temperature on larval behavior: Pacific cod larvae exhibited a stronger surface orientation at 4 degrees C than at 8 degrees C. The behavior of larger, postflexion larvae (> 15 mm SL) in experimental columns was consistent with a diel vertical migration and independent of water temperature: fish were more widely distributed in the column, and median positions were consistently deeper at higher light levels. These laboratory observations are combined with observations from discrete-depth (MOCNESS) sampling in the Gulf of Alaska to characterize the vertical distribution of larval Pacific cod and contrast ontogenetic patterns with walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma). The vertical movements of larval Pacific cod described here will be applied in the development of dispersal projections from Gulf of Alaska spawning grounds. C1 [Hurst, Thomas P.; Scheingross, Joel S.; Seale, Erin M.; Laurel, Benjamin J.; Spencer, Mara L.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA, NMFS Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Fisheries Behav Eco, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Cooper, Daniel W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Recruitment Proc Program, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hurst, TP (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA, NMFS Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Fisheries Behav Eco, 2030 S Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM thomas.hurst@noaa.gov RI Bizzarro, Joseph/A-2988-2012; Hurst, Thomas/N-1401-2013; OI Scheingross, Joel/0000-0002-7220-8084 FU National Science Foundation Research Experience for Undergraduates [OCE-0353083]; North Pacific Research Board [R0605] FX Michael Davis provided much useful advice on experimental design. Tim Tripp and Alisa Abookire assisted with collection of fish from spawning grounds. Scott Haines, Louise Copeman, Paul Iseri, and Michelle Ottmar assisted in laboratory rearing of eggs and larvae. Field samples were collected by scientists from the AFSC Fisheries Oceanography Coordinated Investigations Program. Susan Picquelle and Janet Duffy-Anderson assisted with analysis and interpretation of field data. This manuscript benefitted from the useful comments of Ric Brodeur, Michael Davis, Allan Stoner, Dave Checkley, and two anonymous reviewers. J.S.S. was supported by a National Science Foundation Research Experience for Undergraduates internship under award OCE-0353083 to the Hatfield Marine Science Center of Oregon State University. This work was supported, in part, by a grant from the North Pacific Research Board (#R0605 to B. Laurel et al.). NR 55 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 EI 1365-2419 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2009 VL 18 IS 5 BP 301 EP 311 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2009.00512.x PG 11 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 483MC UT WOS:000268969900002 ER PT J AU Richardson, DE Cowen, RK Prince, ED Sponaugle, S AF Richardson, David E. Cowen, Robert K. Prince, Eric D. Sponaugle, Su TI Importance of the Straits of Florida spawning ground to Atlantic sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) and blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE billfish; egg production; fisheries-independent index; larval growth; larval mortality; migratory bottleneck; pop-up satellite archival tag ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; TETRAPTURUS-ALBIDUS; FISH LARVAE; TUNA; MOVEMENTS; FISHERIES; BILLFISH; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATIONS; MORTALITY AB Much of the uncertainty in managing highly migratory pelagic species results from the scarcity of fisheries-independent data relevant to determining long-term trends in abundance, migratory movements, and the relative importance of different spawning grounds. To address these issues, we used an ichthyoplankton-based method to quantify the overall level of spawning of sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) and blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) in the Straits of Florida (SF). We estimated that during the 2 years (2003-2004) of the study, 4.60 x 1011 sailfish eggs and 4.49 x 1011 blue marlin eggs were produced on an annual basis in this region. These egg production values, when combined with estimates of annual fecundity for each species and the most recent stock assessment estimate of total biomass, indicate that about 2.1% of Western Atlantic sailfish spawning and 1.6% of Atlantic-wide blue marlin spawning occurs in the SF. Additionally, pop-up satellite tags deployed on sailfish at the start of the spawning season revealed their short residency times in the SF, suggesting that a large (approximate to 13%) transient portion of the sailfish population is responsible for the SF egg production. Overall, this study provides a critically needed fisheries-independent method of quantifying spatial and temporal trends in the abundance of highly migratory species. The application of this methodology in the SF indicated that above-average levels of sailfish and blue marlin spawning occur in this area and, possibly more importantly, that the SF is a migratory bottleneck for these species. C1 [Richardson, David E.; Cowen, Robert K.; Sponaugle, Su] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Prince, Eric D.] NOAA Fisheries, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Richardson, DE (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM David.Richardson@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0136132]; Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission [Billfish-2005-017]; Pelagics Research Center at the University of New Hampshire (NOAA ) [NAO4NMF4550391, HMS-EFP-04-02, HMS-SRP-05-03]; University of Miami Maytag Fellowship [05-134, 05-135]; Harding Michel Memorial Fellowship; Captain Harry Vernon Scholarship; Southeast Fisheries Science Center; Bahamas Department of Fisheries FX The authors thank J. Llopiz, C. Guigand, P. Lane, A. Exum, J. VanWye, L. Gundlach, the captain and crew of the R/V F.G. Walton Smith, and many others for their assistance with the collection, processing and identification of the ichthyoplankton samples. K. Denit aged the otoliths used in this paper. D. Snodgrass, E. Orbesen and Captains J. Sharpe (Sea Boots), M. Weinhofer (Compass Rose), M. Lewis (Main Attraction), R. Rosher, and A. Castellanos (Miss Britt) were instrumental in the tagging of adult sailfish. Special thanks to J. Kool and C. Paris for the oceanographic model output and J. Luo for implementing the Kalman filter. Comments from J. Llopiz, J. Serafy, J. Hare, and A. Chester greatly improved the manuscript. We also note that J. Serafy has given freely of his ideas and efforts to promote larval billfish research. This study was supported by grants to R.K.C., S.S., S. Smith, K. Leaman, and D. Olson from the National Science Foundation (OCE-0136132), R.K.C. and S.S. from the Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission (Billfish-2005-017), and R.K.C. from the Large Pelagics Research Center at the University of New Hampshire (NOAA award NAO4NMF4550391). Additional support came from a University of Miami Maytag Fellowship, the Harding Michel Memorial Fellowship and the Captain Harry Vernon Scholarship to D.E.R., and the Southeast Fisheries Science Center. Larval fish were collected with permits from NOAA (HMS-EFP-04-02, HMS-SRP-05-03) and the Bahamas Department of Fisheries, and all sampling and fish handling complied with University of Miami animal care protocols (05-134 & 05-135). NR 73 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2009 VL 18 IS 6 BP 402 EP 418 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2009.00520.x PG 17 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 504BJ UT WOS:000270587700003 ER PT J AU Domokos, R AF Domokos, Reka TI Environmental effects on forage and longline fishery performance for albacore (Thunnus alalunga) in the American Samoa Exclusive Economic Zone SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE active acoustics; albacore tuna; American Samoa Exclusive Economic Zone; anticyclonic eddies; catch-per-unit-effort; convergence; deep scattering layer; El Nino Southern Oscillation; longline fishery; mesoscale eddy; micronekton distribution; shallow scattering layer; South Equatorial Counter Current; South Equatorial Current; South-Western Pacific; subsurface zonal jet; water masses ID NINO SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; PACIFIC-OCEAN; WESTERN PACIFIC; MICRONEKTON DISTRIBUTION; BACKSCATTERING STRENGTH; RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; SOUTHWEST PACIFIC; FRENCH-POLYNESIA; NORTH PACIFIC; TUNA AB The South Equatorial Counter Current (SECC) strongly influences the American Samoa Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and changes strength on a seasonal and ENSO cycle. A strong SECC is associated with a predominantly anticyclonic eddy field as well as increased micronekton biomass and catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) for albacore tuna, the economically important target species of the local longline fishery. A strong SECC carries chlorophyll a-rich waters from upwelling regions at the north coast of New Guinea towards the EEZ, most likely resulting in the observed increase in micronekton biomass, forage for albacore. Relatively stable anticyclonic eddies show a further increase in micronekton biomass, apparently advected from neighboring SECC waters. The presence of forage presumably concentrates albacore, thus resulting in the observed increase in CPUE. High shear regions of neither anticyclonic nor cyclonic eddies correlate with increased micronekton biomass. Areas characterized by South Equatorial Current (SEC) waters correspond to areas with the lowest micronekton biomass and the highest number of aggregative structures, which are most likely small pelagic fish shoals. Micronekton composition in SEC waters differs from that in the SECC. During El Ninos, the seasonal signals at the north shore of New Guinea and in the SECC are exceptionally strong and correspond to higher albacore CPUE in the EEZ. My results suggest that the strength of upwelling and the resulting increase in chlorophyll a at New Guinea, as well as the Southern Oscillation Index, could be used to predict the performance of the local longline fishery for albacore tuna in the American Samoa EEZ. C1 Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Domokos, R (reprint author), Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM reka.domokos@noaa.gov OI Domokos, Reka/0000-0003-3297-4793 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA17RJ12301] FX The author wishes to acknowledge the help and support of many who made this project possible. I thank the officers and crew of the NOAA Ship, Oscar Elton Sette, as well as the scientific party for their work and dedication to the success of this study. I thank Jules Hummons for her help with processing the ADCP data and Mathieu Doray for statistical consultations. I thank Michael P. Seki and Jeffrey J. Polovina for obtaining funding for this work. I also wish to thank Jeffrey J. Polovina, Evan Howell, and Don Kobayashi for reading and providing helpful comments and/or instrumental suggestions on the draft of this manuscript. Further, I thank Deborah Yamaguchi for her help in creating the final version of the schematic in Fig. 1. This project was supported by the JIMAR Pelagic Fisheries Research Program of the University of Hawaii School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology under Cooperative Agreement number NA17RJ12301 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. NR 60 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2009 VL 18 IS 6 BP 419 EP 438 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2009.00521.x PG 20 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 504BJ UT WOS:000270587700004 ER PT J AU Robillard, E Reiss, CS Jones, CM AF Robillard, Eric Reiss, Christian S. Jones, Cynthia M. TI Age-validation and growth of bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) along the East Coast of the United States SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Age and growth; Bluefish; Otolith; Validation; South Atlantic Bight; Middle Atlantic Bight; Marginal increment analysis ID NEW-YORK BIGHT; THE-YEAR BLUEFISH; ATLANTIC COAST; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SPAWNING SEASON; YOUNG; RECRUITMENT; ABUNDANCE; PATTERNS; BIOLOGY AB We examine the age and growth of bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix, along the U.S. east coast collected from Florida to New York during 2001-2003 (n = 2652). We describe a new preparation technique for the otoliths that increases readability, and provide criteria for the interpretation of otolith microstructure. Annulus formation in otoliths for bluefish is validated for fish aged 1-8 using marginal increment analysis. This extends validation by 4 years to include the preponderance of age classes in the catch. A side-by-side comparison of ageing precision and bias was performed between otoliths and scales. When compared, precision was highest with sectioned otoliths, exceeding 87% across all years, and exceeding 99% within 1 year, up to age 13. In contrast, scales tended to over-age ages 1 through 5, and under-aged age 7 and older compared to sectioned otoliths. We used these otolith-based ages to evaluate age distribution in gears used in the fishery and to evaluate size-at-age data and to estimate growth parameters from the catch. No significant differences in the von Bertalanffy growth parameters were found in comparison by sex, year and between the South Atlantic and Middle Atlantic Bights using Kimura's likelihood-ratio test. The estimated von Bertalanffy model growth parameters for bluefish along the coast were L(inf) = 815.3 mm. +/- 15.3, k = 0.311 +/- 0.03, t(0) = -0.301 +/- 0.18. These findings are then used to examine the implications for management of this ecologically and economically important coastal pelagic species. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Robillard, Eric; Jones, Cynthia M.] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Quantitat Fisheries Ecol, Dept Ocean Earth & Atmospher Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Reiss, Christian S.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Robillard, E (reprint author), Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Coastal Resources Div, 1 Conservat Way, Brunswick, GA 31520 USA. EM Eric.Robillard@dnr.state.ga.us; christian.reiss@noaa.gov FU Rutgers University [1251]; NSF [OCE05XXX] FX This work was funded by subcontract No. 1251 to CR from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's BluefishStriped Bass Dynamics Research Program administered by Rutgers University. CMJ's time was supported by a grant from NSF (OCE05XXX). NR 37 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 95 IS 1 BP 65 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2008.07.012 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 391BG UT WOS:000262206900008 ER PT J AU Stehlik, LL AF Stehlik, Linda L. TI Effects of seasonal change on activity rhythms and swimming behavior of age-0 bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) and a description of gliding behavior SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID THE-YEAR BLUEFISH; FLOUNDER PARALICHTHYS-OLIVACEUS; JUVENILE BLUEFISH; UNITED-STATES; MARINE FISH; NEW-YORK; TEMPERATURE; BIGHT; MECHANISMS; TRANSPORT AB Daily and seasonal activity rhythms, swimming speed, and modes of swimming were studied in a school of spring-spawned age-0 bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) for nine months in a 121-kL research aquarium. Temperature was lowered from 20 degrees to 15 degrees C, then returned to 20 degrees C to match the seasonal cycle. The fish grew from a mean 198 mm to 320 mm (n=67). Bluefish swam faster and in a more organized school during day (overall mean 47 cm/s) than at night (31 cm/s). Swimming speed declined in fall as temperature declined and accelerated in spring in response to change in photoperiod. Besides powered swimming, bluefish used a gliding-upswimming mode, which has not been previously described for this species. To glide, a bluefish rolled onto its side, ceased body and tail beating, and coasted diagonally downward. Bluefish glided in all months of the study, usually in the dark, and most intensely in winter. Energy savings while the fish is gliding and upswimming may be as much as 20% of the energy used in powered swimming. Additional savings accrue from increased lift due to the hydrofoil created by the horizontal body orientation and slightly concave shape. Energy-saving swimming would be advantageous during migration and overwintering. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. RP Stehlik, LL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab, 74 Magruder Rd, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. EM Linda.Stehlik@noaa.gov NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 107 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 409IV UT WOS:000263500300001 ER PT J AU Wood, AD Wetherbeez, BM Juanes, F Kohler, NE Wilga, C AF Wood, Anthony D. Wetherbeez, Bradley M. Juanes, Francis Kohler, Nancy E. Wilga, Cheryl TI Recalculated diet and daily ration of the shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus), with a focus on quantifying predation on bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) in the northwest Atlantic Ocean SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID STOMACH CONTENTS; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; FEEDING-HABITS; PELAGIC FISH; SHARKS; FOOD; CONSUMPTION; FISHERIES; RECOVERY; SHELF AB The diet and daily ration of the shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) in the northwest Atlantic were re-examined to determine whether fluctuations in prey abundance and availability are reflected in these two biological variables. During the summers of 2001 and 2002, stomach content data were collected from fishing tournaments along the northeast coast of the United States. These data were quantified by using four diet indices and were compared to index calculations from historical diet data collected from 1972 through 1983. Bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) were the predominant prey in the 1972-83 and 2001-02 diets, accounting for 92.6% of the current diet by weight and 86.9% of the historical diet by volume. From the 2001-02 diet data, daily ration was estimated and it indicated that shortfin makos must consume roughly 4.6% of their body weight per day to fulfill energetic demands. The daily energetic requirement was broken down by using a calculated energy content for the current diet of 4909 KJ/kg. Based on the proportional energy of bluefish in the diet by weight, an average shortfin mako consumes roughly 500 kg of bluefish per year off the northeast coast of the United States. The results are discussed in relation to the potential effect of intense shortfin mako predation on bluefish abundance in the region. C1 [Wood, Anthony D.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Juanes, Francis] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Kohler, Nancy E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Wood, AD (reprint author), Sch Marine Sci & Technol SMAST, 200 Mill Rd,ATT 211, Fairhaven, MA 02719 USA. EM awood@gso.uri.edu FU Bluefish-Striped Bass Dynamics Research Program [NA97FE0363]; University of Rhode Island/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Cooperative Marine Education Research [NA03NMF4550395)] FX We thank the numerous fishermen and fishing tournament directors who allowed us behind the lines to collect samples. We also thank A. J. M. Wood, C. Butler, and M. Smith for their aid in the collection, transportation, and analysis of stomach contents. Funding for this study was provided by the Bluefish-Striped Bass Dynamics Research Program at Rutgers University in cooperation with the National Marine Fisheries Service (grant NA97FE0363), and the University of Rhode Island/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Cooperative Marine Education Research (grant NA03NMF4550395). Finally, we thank the many colleagues and anonymous reviewers whose suggestions helped to improve this manuscript. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 107 IS 1 BP 76 EP 88 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 409IV UT WOS:000263500300007 ER PT J AU Wood, AJM Collie, JS Hare, JA AF Wood, Abby Jane M. Collie, Jeremy S. Hare, Jonathan A. TI A comparison between warm-water fish assemblages of Narragansett Bay and those of Long Island Sound waters SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SPECIES COMPOSITION; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; TEMPERATE; ESTUARIES; ABUNDANCE; ATLANTIC; SHELF; CONSEQUENCES; BIODIVERSITY; HYDROGRAPHY AB Fish species of warm-water origin appear in northeastern U.S. coastal waters in the late summer and remain until late fall when the temperate waters cool. The annual abundance and species composition of warm-water species is highly variable from year to year, and these variables may have effects on the trophic dynamics of this region. To understand this variability, records of warm-water fish occurrence were examined in two neighboring temperate areas, Narragansett Bay and Long Island Sound. The most abundant fish species were the same in both areas, and regional abundances peaked in both areas in the middle of September, four weeks after the maximum temperature in the middle of August. On average, abundance of warm-water species increased throughout the years sampled, although this increase can not be said to be exclusively related to temperature. Weekly mean temperatures between the two locations were highly correlated (r=0.99; P<0.001). The warm-water fish faunas were distinctly different in annual abundances in the two areas for each species by year (1987-2000), and these differences reflect the variability in the transport processes to temperate estuaries. The results reveal information on the abundance of warm-water fish in relation to trends toward warmer waters in these regions. C1 [Wood, Abby Jane M.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Fisheries, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Collie, Jeremy S.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Hare, Jonathan A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Wood, AJM (reprint author), Rocky Hill Sch, 530 Ives Rd, E Greenwich, RI 02818 USA. EM amclean@gso.uri.edu FU University of Rhode Island FX We are grateful to P. Howell (Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection), K. Gottschall (Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection), D. Danila (Dominion Resources Services), C. Powell (Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management), and T. Lynch (Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management) for extracting and sharing fish survey data for this study. The Graduate School of Oceanography Fish Trawl is funded by the University of Rhode Island. We greatly appreciate comments from A. D. Wood, C. Recksiek, and K. Castro on previous drafts of this paper, as well as earlier reviews by J. Manderson, D. Mountain, K. McKown, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 107 IS 1 BP 89 EP 100 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 409IV UT WOS:000263500300008 ER PT S AU Quinn, GD AF Quinn, George D. BE Dusza, J Danzer, R Morrell, R Quinn, GD TI A HISTORY OF THE FRACTOGRAPHY OF BRITTLE MATERIALS SO FRACTOGRAPHY OF ADVANCED CERAMICS III SE Key Engineering Materials LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Fractography of Advanced Ceramics CY SEP 07-10, 2008 CL Stara Lesna, SLOVAKIA DE Brittle Materials; Ceramics; Failure Analysis; Fractography; Fracture; Glasses; History; Microscopy ID GLASS FRACTURE SURFACES; FLAW-SIZE; ALUMINA CERAMICS; POLYCRYSTALLINE CERAMICS; MANUFACTURING PROCESSES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; STRESS-INTENSITY; CYLINDRICAL RODS; SILICON-NITRIDE; MIRROR SIZE AB The evolution of the science of fractography of brittle materials initially was driven by failure analysis problems. Early analyses focused on general patterns of fracture and how they correlated to the loading conditions. Many early documents are simply descriptive, but the curiosity of some key scientists and engineers was aroused. Scientific or engineering explanations for the observed patterns gradually were developed. Advances in microscopy and flaw based theories of strength and fracture mechanics led to dramatic advances in the state of the art of fractographic analysis of brittle materials. Introduction: This author was drawn backwards in time as he researched the current state of the art of fractographic analysis of brittle materials for his fractography guide book.[1] Others have written about how the fractographic analysis of metals evolved (e.g., [2,3,4,5]), but there is no analogue for ceramics and glasses. The key scientists, engineers, and analysts who contributed to our field are shown in Fig. 1. Other work done by industry workers who were unable or loathe to publish is now lost, inaccessible, forgotten, or even discarded. It is the goal of this paper to review the key publications and mark the noteworthy advances in the field. Some deem fractography as the study of fracture surfaces, but this author takes a broader view. Fractography is the means and methods for characterizing fractured specimens or components and, for example, a simple examination of the fragments and how they fit together to study the overall breakage pattern is a genuine fractographic analysis. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Quinn, GD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM george.quinn@nist.gov; george.quinn@nist.gov NR 147 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 J9 KEY ENG MAT PY 2009 VL 409 BP 1 EP 16 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BKZ42 UT WOS:000269684800001 ER PT S AU Scherrer, SS Quinn, JB Quinn, GD AF Scherrer, Susanne S. Quinn, Janet B. Quinn, George D. BE Dusza, J Danzer, R Morrell, R Quinn, GD TI FRACTOGRAPHY OF DENTAL RESTORATIONS SO FRACTOGRAPHY OF ADVANCED CERAMICS III SE Key Engineering Materials LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Fractography of Advanced Ceramics CY SEP 07-10, 2008 CL Stara Lesna, SLOVAKIA DE chips; dental bridges; dental crowns; dental restoration; veneering ceramic; fractography; fracture; incisor; molar ID FIXED PARTIAL DENTURES; FRACTURE-SURFACE-ANALYSIS; CLINICAL-PERFORMANCE; FAILURE ANALYSIS; CERAMIC CROWNS; ZIRCONIA; DENTISTRY AB The dental community is using a variety of ceramic restorative materials such as porcelains (leucite or alumina based), glass-ceramics (leucite, mica, lithium disilicates), alumina-glass infiltrated, and CAD-CAM ceramics including pure alumina and zirconia (3Y-TZP) core materials. Polycrystalline ceramics such as alumina and zirconia serve as substructure materials (i.e., framework or core) upon which glassy ceramics are veneered for an improved appearance. Under masticatory loads, sudden fracture of the full-thickness restoration or of the veneering ceramic (chips) may occur. Stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope analyses were used to perform qualitative (descriptive) fractography on clinically failed dental ceramic restorations. The most common features visible on the fracture surfaces of the glassy veneering ceramic of recovered broken parts were hackle, wake hackle, twist hackle, arrest lines, and compression curls. The observed features are indicators of the local direction of crack propagation and were used to trace the crack's progression back to its initial starting zone (the origin). This paper presents the applicability of fractographic failure analyses for understanding fracture processes in brittle dental restorative materials and it draws conclusions as to possible design or processing inadequacies in failed restorations. C1 [Scherrer, Susanne S.] Univ Geneva, Sch Dent Med, Dept Prosthodont Biomat, Geneva, Switzerland. [Quinn, Janet B.] American Dent Associat Fdn Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Quinn, George D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Scherrer, SS (reprint author), Univ Geneva, Sch Dent Med, Dept Prosthodont Biomat, Geneva, Switzerland. EM susanne.scherrer@unige.ch; george.quinn@nist.gov NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 J9 KEY ENG MATER PY 2009 VL 409 BP 72 EP + PG 3 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BKZ42 UT WOS:000269684800007 ER PT S AU Lopez-Cepero, JM Wiederhorn, SM de Arellano-Lopez, AR Martinez-Fernandez, J AF Lopez-Cepero, Jose M. Wiederhorn, Sheldon M. de Arellano-Lopez, Antonio R. Martinez-Fernandez, Julian BE Dusza, J Danzer, R Morrell, R Quinn, GD TI AFM study of typical fracture surfaces in room-temperature fracture of sapphire SO FRACTOGRAPHY OF ADVANCED CERAMICS III SE Key Engineering Materials LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Fractography of Advanced Ceramics CY SEP 07-10, 2008 CL Stara Lesna, SLOVAKIA DE sapphire; fractography; rhombohedral plane; AFM AB Rhombohedral r-plane fracture surfaces in sapphire are analyzed by optical microscopy and by atomic force microscopy. Features of special interest include steps, lines and angles on the surface that appear to have crystallographic origins. A classification and description of these features is given over a scale ranging from hundreds of micrometers to tens of nanometers. Preferential directions in the surface are identified and related to the crystalline orientation of the sample; an attempt is made to identify the underlying phenomenology behind the appearance of each kind of feature. C1 [Lopez-Cepero, Jose M.; de Arellano-Lopez, Antonio R.; Martinez-Fernandez, Julian] Univ Seville, Dept Condensed Matter Phys, POB 1065, Seville 41080, Spain. [Wiederhorn, Sheldon M.] NIST, Ceram Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lopez-Cepero, JM (reprint author), Univ Seville, Dept Condensed Matter Phys, POB 1065, Seville 41080, Spain. EM cepe@us.es; sheldon.wiederhorn@nist.gov; aral@us.es; martinez@us.es RI MARTINEZ FERNANDEZ, JULIAN/K-1826-2012; OI MARTINEZ FERNANDEZ, JULIAN/0000-0002-1199-6638; R. de Arellano Lopez, Antonio/0000-0002-7443-0244 FU Junta de Andalucia (Scientific and Teaching Personnel Formation grant); Spanish Ministry of Science and Education [MAT2006-13005-C03-03] FX Jose M. Lopez-Cepero acknowledges the support of the Junta de Andalucia (Scientific and Teaching Personnel Formation grant) and of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Education (project MAT2006-13005-C03-03). NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 J9 KEY ENG MATER PY 2009 VL 409 BP 113 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BKZ42 UT WOS:000269684800011 ER PT S AU Quinn, GD AF Quinn, George D. BE Dusza, J Danzer, R Morrell, R Quinn, GD TI Fractographic Analysis of Very Small Theta Specimens SO FRACTOGRAPHY OF ADVANCED CERAMICS III SE Key Engineering Materials LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Fractography of Advanced Ceramics CY SEP 07-10, 2008 CL Stara Lesna, SLOVAKIA DE etch pits; flaws; silicon; strength; theta specimen ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; BRITTLE MATERIALS; STRENGTH; POLYSILICON; SILICON AB The theta test specimen is a versatile tool for evaluating the strength of extremely small structures. Round and hexagonal rings are compressed vertically on their ends creating a uniform tension stress in the middle gauge section. The simple compression loading scheme eliminates the need for special grips. A conventional nanoindentation hardness machine with a flat indenter applied load, monitored displacement, and recorded fracture loads. Prototype miniature specimens with web sections as thin as 7.5 mu m were fabricated by deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) of single crystal silicon wafers. The strength limiting flaws were 200 nm to 500 nm deep surface etch pits. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Quinn, GD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM georgequinn@nist.gov; georgequinn@nist.gov NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 J9 KEY ENG MAT PY 2009 VL 409 BP 201 EP 208 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BKZ42 UT WOS:000269684800022 ER PT J AU Jaruga, P Xiao, Y Nelson, BC Dizdaroglu, M AF Jaruga, Pawel Xiao, Yan Nelson, Bryant C. Dizdaroglu, Miral TI Measurement of (5 ' R)- and (5 ' S)-8,5 '-cyclo-2 '-deoxyadenosines in DNA in vivo by Liquid Chromatography/Isotope-Dilution Tandem Mass Spectrometry SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Biology-and-Medicine CY NOV 18-22, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Free Rad Biol & Med C1 [Jaruga, Pawel; Xiao, Yan; Nelson, Bryant C.; Dizdaroglu, Miral] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 2009 VL 47 BP S76 EP S76 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 522HM UT WOS:000271988500216 ER PT J AU Vanderploeg, HA Johengen, TH Liebig, JR AF Vanderploeg, Henry A. Johengen, Thomas H. Liebig, James R. TI Feedback between zebra mussel selective feeding and algal composition affects mussel condition: did the regime changer pay a price for its success? SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE condition; Dreissena polymorpha; feedback; phytoplankton dynamics; self-limitation ID PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; SAGINAW BAY; LAKE-HURON; FILTRATION-RATE; NATURAL SESTON; GREAT-LAKES; MICROCYSTIS; PHOSPHORUS; SIZE AB 1. We investigated the role of algal composition on pumping, clearance, assimilation, pseudofaeces and faeces production, feeding time budgets, and condition of zebra mussels from spring to autumn at two sites in Saginaw Bay (Lake Huron) and one site in western Lake Erie. Size-fractioned chlorophyll was used to distinguish between feeding on small (< 53 mu m) and large (> 53 mu m) size fractions, and mussel feeding behaviour was quantified by video observations. 2. Mussel pumping, clearance and assimilation rates varied among sites, particularly during summer, when phytoplankton composition varied considerably among sites. Lowest values were seen at the inner-bay site of Saginaw Bay, low to moderate values at the outer-bay site of Saginaw Bay, and high values at the Lake Erie site. Clearance, pumping and assimilation rates were all highly positively correlated (R(2) = 0.76) with per cent contribution of flagellates to total algal biomass and negatively correlated with per cent of Microcystis aeruginosa (R(2) = 0.63). The negative effects on pumping rate (as determined by clearance rate on the < 53 mu m fraction) of Microcystis, which occurred in the > 53 mu m fraction, could be mitigated by the presence of flagellates in the < 53 mu m fraction. 3. Visual observations of mussel feeding showed evidence for poor seston quality during summer negatively affecting feeding rates. High faeces production during times of low assimilation rate was suggestive of poor assimilation efficiency and/or viable gut passage of grazing resistant algae. Long periods of time not filtering by the mussels during some Microcystis blooms and lack of production of a filtering current during one experiment were suggestive of intoxication from microcystin or other secondary compounds. 4. Clearance and feeding rates of the mussels in Saginaw Bay were high during spring and autumn and very low in summer, particularly at the inner-bay site. Condition of the mussels (mass : length ratio) was highest in spring and lowest during summer. This seasonal variation probably reflected high food assimilation rate during autumn and spring and low assimilation rate and reproduction during summer. The condition of mussels throughout the year was higher at the outer-bay than the inner-bay site, reflecting better feeding conditions at the former. Mussel selective feeding may have been responsible for the poor quality of food at the inner bay site; therefore, we postulate that a regime shift in phytoplankton composition promoted by the mussels fed back into lowered condition of the mussels. C1 [Vanderploeg, Henry A.; Liebig, James R.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. [Johengen, Thomas H.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Cooperat Inst Lake & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Vanderploeg, HA (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. EM henry.vanderploeg@noaa.gov OI Liebig, James/0000-0002-0433-9066 FU Lake Erie Protection Fund; NOAA ECOHAB Program FX We thank Megan A. Agy for help with analysing the videotapes of mussel behavior. Funding for the experiment in Lake Erie was provided by the Lake Erie Protection Fund and the NOAA ECOHAB Program. This is GLERL Publication No. 1478. NR 30 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 6 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 54 IS 1 BP 47 EP 63 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02091.x PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 382QV UT WOS:000261621400005 ER PT S AU Windover, D Gil, DL Henins, A Cline, JP AF Windover, Donald Gil, David L. Henins, Albert Cline, James P. BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Garner, CM Herr, D Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI NIST High Resolution X-Ray Diffraction Standard Reference Material: SRM 2000 SO FRONTIERS OF CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR NANOELECTRONICS: 2009 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers of Characterization and Metrology for Nanoelectronics CY MAY 11-15, 2009 CL Albany, NY SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, SUNY Albany, Coll Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Semicond Res Corp, Int SEMATCH Mfg Initiat, Semicond Int, Natl Sci Fdn, Amer Phys Soc, Amer Vacuum Soc DE high resolution X-ray diffraction; epitaxy; silicon; germanium; SiGe; miscut; calibration; standard reference material ID AVOGADRO CONSTANT; PERFECT-CRYSTAL; BOND METHOD; BEAM TILT; SPECIMEN AB NIST recently released a standard reference material (SRM) for the calibration of high resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) instruments. HRXRD is extensively used in the characterization of lattice distortion in thin single, epitaxial crystal layers on single-crystal wafer substrates. Currently, there is a great need for improved accuracy and transferability for the measurement of strain fields in these epitaxial thin films. This implies an essential need for the calibration of HRXRD instruments to allow measurement intercomparison for both research and manufacturing communities. This first HRXRD SRM release provides certified measurements of diffraction features for a silicon reference substrate, Si (220) in transmission and Si (004) in reflection, allowing for calibration of either monochromator wavelength or goniometer angles. The SRM also provides information on the surface-to-crystal-plane misalignment, which allows calibration of sample holders and sample alignment hardware. This calibration should reduce the uncertainties when comparing, for instance, reciprocal space maps. Here we present a detailed description of these measured values and provide methods for using these to calibrate HRXRD instrumentation. SRM 2000 provides the semiconductor and the larger nanoscience community with the first nanometer length-scale reference standard with femtometer accuracy; the Si (220) transmission-feature-derived silicon lattice spacing, d(SRM), has a value of 0.1920161 nm with an expanded uncertainty, U(d(SRM)), of 0.87 fm. C1 [Windover, Donald; Gil, David L.; Henins, Albert; Cline, James P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, MSEL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Windover, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, MSEL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0712-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1173 BP 50 EP 54 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BQB42 UT WOS:000280565800008 ER PT S AU Geiss, RH Read, DT Alers, GB Graham, RL AF Geiss, Roy H. Read, David T. Alers, Glenn B. Graham, Rebekah L. BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Garner, CM Herr, D Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI EBSD Analysis of Narrow Damascene Copper Lines SO FRONTIERS OF CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR NANOELECTRONICS: 2009 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers of Characterization and Metrology for Nanoelectronics CY MAY 11-15, 2009 CL Albany, NY SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, SUNY Albany, Coll Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Semicond Res Corp, Int SEMATCH Mfg Initiat, Semicond Int, Natl Sci Fdn, Amer Phys Soc, Amer Vacuum Soc DE Boundary; grain; orientation; texture; twin ID ELECTRON BACKSCATTER DIFFRACTION; CU LINES; FILMS; MICROSTRUCTURE; INTERCONNECTS; PERFORMANCE AB Orientation imaging microscopy by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) has been used to examine grain size and crystallographic orientations of damascene Cu lines nominally 25 nm to 55 nm in width and 100 nm thick. These are the smallest structures reported to have been examined by EBSD to date. This application poses significant challenges in specimen preparation, data collection, and data analysis. Most lines were deposited on a Ta diffusion barrier, and one set had a Ti barrier. Overburden thicknesses of 120 nm, 240 nm, and 480 nm were available with the Ta diffusion barrier, but only the 120 nm overburden case was analyzed for the Ti diffusion barrier. The grain structure of the lines was predominantly bamboo. The distributions of grain lengths along individual lines had large standard deviations, ranging up to greater than the average grain size value. Print-through of overburden grains into the grain structure of the lines was evident for all lines. Large grain sizes and a strong positive correlation between line width and grain size were seen for the case of the Ta barrier layer with 120 nm overburden thickness, but not for the thicker overburden cases. Specimen surface preparation of these lines was found to be much more demanding than for larger regions of copper films such as those that have been studied previously. For some lines, prepared according to the typical state of the art, we were able to find indexable diffraction signals from less than half of the 100 mu m line length. C1 [Geiss, Roy H.; Read, David T.] NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Geiss, RH (reprint author), NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0712-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1173 BP 154 EP 158 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BQB42 UT WOS:000280565800028 ER PT S AU Geist, J Afridi, M AF Geist, Jon Afridi, Muhammad BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Garner, CM Herr, D Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Temperature-Programmed Gas-Sensing With Microhotplates: an Opportunity to Enhance Microelectronic Gas Sensor Metrology SO FRONTIERS OF CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR NANOELECTRONICS: 2009 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers of Characterization and Metrology for Nanoelectronics CY MAY 11-15, 2009 CL Albany, NY SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, SUNY Albany, Coll Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Semicond Res Corp, Int SEMATCH Mfg Initiat, Semicond Int, Natl Sci Fdn, Amer Phys Soc, Amer Vacuum Soc DE MEMS; Microhotplate; Gas sensor; Temperature programming; More than Moore; Heterogeneous integration; Functional diversification AB It is only recently that the ITRS (International Technical Roadmap for Semiconductors) has identified functional diversification through heterogeneous integration as a key enabler of future industry growth. This paper describes a powerful temperature-programmed gas-sensing technique that has the potential to convert low-cost, integrated, microhotplate-based non-selective, metal-oxide gas sensors into stable, sensitive, and highly selective gas-sensor systems. The paper also points out the importance of heterogeneous integration and temperature sensor stability to support this measurement technique. C1 [Geist, Jon; Afridi, Muhammad] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. RP Geist, J (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0712-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1173 BP 207 EP 211 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BQB42 UT WOS:000280565800038 ER PT S AU Kopanski, JJ McClure, P Mancevski, V AF Kopanski, Joseph J. McClure, Paul Mancevski, Vladimir BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Garner, CM Herr, D Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Enhanced Spatial Resolution Scanning Kelvin Force Microscopy Using Conductive Carbon Nanotube Tips SO FRONTIERS OF CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR NANOELECTRONICS: 2009 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers of Characterization and Metrology for Nanoelectronics CY MAY 11-15, 2009 CL Albany, NY SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, SUNY Albany, Coll Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Semicond Res Corp, Int SEMATCH Mfg Initiat, Semicond Int, Natl Sci Fdn, Amer Phys Soc, Amer Vacuum Soc DE carbon nanotube; scanning Kelvin force microscope; SKFM; spatial resolution; work function AB The response of a scanning Kelvin force microscope (SKFM) was measured with conventional micromachined silicon tips coated with Au and with advanced tips terminated with a carbon nanotube (CNT). A simple model of the SKFM predicts enhanced spatial resolution of the SKFM using a CNT terminated tip because it reduces the stray capacitance components due to the tip shank and the cantilever. SKFM measurements over abrupt boundaries between Au and silicon (with a thin silicon dioxide overlayer) show this predicted enhanced spatial resolution. The CNT-terminated tip resolves the boundary to less than a micrometer, while the conventional Au-coated tip smears the transition between the two materials over tens of micrometers. C1 [Kopanski, Joseph J.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8120, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [McClure, Paul; Mancevski, Vladimir] Xider Corp, Austin, TX 78754 USA. RP Kopanski, JJ (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8120, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU Office of Microelectronics Programs, National Institute of Standards and Technology FX This work was supported by the Office of Microelectronics Programs, National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0712-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1173 BP 212 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BQB42 UT WOS:000280565800039 ER PT S AU Postek, MT Vladar, AE Ming, B AF Postek, Michael T. Vladar, Andras E. Ming, Bin BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Garner, CM Herr, D Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Understanding Imaging and Metrology with the Helium Ion Microscope SO FRONTIERS OF CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR NANOELECTRONICS: 2009 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers of Characterization and Metrology for Nanoelectronics CY MAY 11-15, 2009 CL Albany, NY SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, SUNY Albany, Coll Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Semicond Res Corp, Int SEMATCH Mfg Initiat, Semicond Int, Natl Sci Fdn, Amer Phys Soc, Amer Vacuum Soc DE Helium ion; microscope; HIM; scanning electron microscope; SEM; nanomanufacturing; nanometrology ID SCANNING-ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; EMISSION; NANOTECHNOLOGY AB One barrier to innovation confronting all phases of nanotechnology is the lack of accurate metrology for the characterization of nanomaterials. Ultra-high resolution microscopy is a key technology needed to achieve this goal. But, current microscope technology is being pushed to its limits. The scanning and transmission electron microscopes have incrementally improved in performance and other scanned probe technologies such as atomic force microscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy and focused ion beam microscopes have all been applied to nanotechnology with various levels of success. A relatively new tool for nanotechnology is the scanning helium ion microscope (HIM). The HIM is a new complementary imaging and metrology technology for nanotechnology which may be able to push the current resolution barrier lower. But, successful imaging and metrology with this instrument entails new ion beam/specimen interaction physics which must be fully understood. As a new methodology, HIM is beginning to show promise and the abundance of potentially advantageous applications for nanotechnology have yet to be fully exploited. This presentation will discuss some of the progress made at NIST in understanding the science behind this new technique. C1 [Postek, Michael T.; Vladar, Andras E.; Ming, Bin] NIST, Mfg Engn Lab, Div Precis Engn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Postek, MT (reprint author), NIST, Mfg Engn Lab, Div Precis Engn, 100 Bur Dr MS 8210, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0712-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1173 BP 249 EP 260 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BQB42 UT WOS:000280565800044 ER PT S AU Barnes, BM Heckert, NA Quintanilha, R Zhou, H Silver, RM AF Barnes, B. M. Heckert, N. A. Quintanilha, R. Zhou, H. Silver, R. M. BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Garner, CM Herr, D Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Spectroscopic Scatterfield Microscopy SO FRONTIERS OF CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR NANOELECTRONICS: 2009 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers of Characterization and Metrology for Nanoelectronics CY MAY 11-15, 2009 CL Albany, NY SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, SUNY Albany, Coll Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Semicond Res Corp, Int SEMATCH Mfg Initiat, Semicond Int, Natl Sci Fdn, Amer Phys Soc, Amer Vacuum Soc DE optical microscopy; spectroscopic scanning; scatterometry; scatterfield microscopy; parametric fitting ID METROLOGY AB Scatterfield microscopy is a technique that combines the best attributes of scatterometry and high-magnification imaging using a bright-field microscope. In our work, we have traditionally moved an aperture in a conjugate back focal plane (CBFP) of the objective lens to control the angle of incidence. We have incorporated a new source into an existing microscope in order to scan the illumination wavelength, which has necessitated a new set of tool characterization requirements. We present experimental data and preliminary quantitative modeling results for metrology of sub-wavelength features using this new method of illumination engineering. C1 [Barnes, B. M.; Quintanilha, R.; Zhou, H.] KT Consulting Inc, 2545 10th St Suite A, Antioch, CA 94509 USA. [Heckert, N. A.; Silver, R. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Barnes, BM (reprint author), KT Consulting Inc, 2545 10th St Suite A, Antioch, CA 94509 USA. FU NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs; NIST Scatterfield Competence project FX The authors thank Thom Germer (NIST) for the use of his RCWA-based imaging simulation code and R. Dixson (NIST) for his AFM measurements. N. A.H. acknowledges the use of the NIST Raritan cluster computing system in this work. The NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs is gratefiilly acknowledged for financial support as well as the NIST Scatterfield Competence project. The authors thank SEMATECH for wafer fabrication and measurement support. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0712-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1173 BP 261 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BQB42 UT WOS:000280565800045 ER PT S AU Fu, J Chu, W Dixson, R Orji, G Vorburger, T AF Fu, Joseph Chu, Wei Dixson, Ronald Orji, George Vorburger, Theodore BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Garner, CM Herr, D Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Correction of Hysteresis in SPM Images by a Moving Window Correlation Method SO FRONTIERS OF CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR NANOELECTRONICS: 2009 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers of Characterization and Metrology for Nanoelectronics CY MAY 11-15, 2009 CL Albany, NY SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, SUNY Albany, Coll Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Semicond Res Corp, Int SEMATCH Mfg Initiat, Semicond Int, Natl Sci Fdn, Amer Phys Soc, Amer Vacuum Soc DE Scanning Probe Microscope (SPM); Hysteresis of PZT; Cross Correlation Function AB Many scanning probe microscopes (SPMs), such as the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and atomic force microscope (AFM), use piezoelectric actuators operating in open loop for generating the scans of the surfaces. However, nonlinearities mainly caused by hysteresis and drift of piezoelectric actuators reduce the positioning accuracy and produce distorted images. A moving window correlation method is applied to the AFM images to determine and quantify the hysteresis. This method requires both trace and retrace profiles to be recorded. With a window imposed on each of the profiles, cross correlation are calculated between the data inside two windows to find corresponding pixel pairs on two different profiles but the same physical positions along the fast scanning direction. This method is applied to the image distorted by the hysteresis attempting to correct the distortion. C1 [Fu, Joseph; Chu, Wei; Dixson, Ronald; Orji, George; Vorburger, Theodore] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fu, J (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0712-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1173 BP 280 EP 284 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BQB42 UT WOS:000280565800049 ER PT S AU Richter, CA Kopanski, JJ Jiang, C Wang, YC Afridi, MY Zhu, XX Ioannou, DE Li, QL AF Richter, Curt A. Kopanski, Joseph J. Jiang, Chong Wang, Yicheng Afridi, M. Yaqub Zhu, Xiaoxiao Ioannou, D. E. Li, Qiliang BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Garner, CM Herr, D Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Advanced Capacitance Metrology for Nanoelectronic Device Characterization SO FRONTIERS OF CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR NANOELECTRONICS: 2009 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers of Characterization and Metrology for Nanoelectronics CY MAY 11-15, 2009 CL Albany, NY SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, SUNY Albany, Coll Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Semicond Res Corp, Int SEMATCH Mfg Initiat, Semicond Int, Natl Sci Fdn, Amer Phys Soc, Amer Vacuum Soc DE Nanoelectronics; test-structures; capacitance; nanowires; metal-insulator-semiconductor; metal-insulator-metal ID SEMICONDUCTOR NANOWIRES; QUANTUM-CAPACITANCE AB We designed and fabricated a test chip (consisting of an array of metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors and metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors ranging from 0.3 fF to 1.2 pF) for use in evaluating the performance of new measurement approaches for small capacitances. The complete array of capacitances was measured to obtain a "fingerprint" of capacitance values. After correcting these data for pad and other stray capacitances, such data can be used to evaluate the relative accuracy and sensitivity of a capacitance measurement instrument or circuit. This test chip was used to assess the capabilities of two different capacitance measurement approaches: an LCR meter, and a capacitance bridge. A silicon-nanowire based capacitance test structure was fabricated and characterized by using the optimized capacitance measurement methods developed with the MOS/MIM test chip. C1 [Richter, Curt A.; Kopanski, Joseph J.; Jiang, Chong; Afridi, M. Yaqub] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wang, Yicheng] NIST, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhu, Xiaoxiao; Ioannou, D. E.; Li, Qiliang] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Richter, CA (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Curt.Richter@nist.gov RI Li, Qiliang/B-2225-2015 OI Li, Qiliang/0000-0001-9778-7695 FU National Science Foundation [EEC-0754355]; REU Site: SURFing the Electronics and Electrical Engineering Laboratory FX Chong Jiang participated in this project supported by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. EEC-0754355: "REU Site: SURFing the Electronics and Electrical Engineering Laboratory." NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0712-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1173 BP 328 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BQB42 UT WOS:000280565800058 ER PT S AU Grantham, S Tarrio, C AF Grantham, Steven Tarrio, Charles BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Garner, CM Herr, D Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI A Novel Wafer-plane Dosimeter for EUV Lithography SO FRONTIERS OF CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR NANOELECTRONICS: 2009 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers of Characterization and Metrology for Nanoelectronics CY MAY 11-15, 2009 CL Albany, NY SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, SUNY Albany, Coll Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Semicond Res Corp, Int SEMATCH Mfg Initiat, Semicond Int, Natl Sci Fdn, Amer Phys Soc, Amer Vacuum Soc DE Extreme ultraviolet; dosimetry; radiometry AB Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography (EUVL) incorporates 13.5 nm light for patterning wafers and requires in-situ wafer-plane dosimetry that can be tailored to the requirements of an EUVL stepper's environment. There are several types of detectors that are sensitive to EUV radiation including photodiodes, CCDs, and pyroelectrics to name a few. All of these require electrical connections and can be intrusive in a stepper's projection optics box and will deteriorate with time causing changes to their calibration. The community has settled on using photoresist as a dosimeter in the wafer-plane because it is a convenient non-intrusive way to measure the dose in the wafer plane and it has very little overhead in the fab environment. However, recent experiments have found that the accepted values for the dose-to-clear for resists may not be accurate. In addition, dosimetry using a photoresist can be dependent on fab conditions and cause uncertainty due to varying process conditions. NIST has recently begun working on a wafer plane dosimeter based on storage phosphor technology, which can pass through a stepper as wafer surrogates. Storage phosphors act as passive detectors that store latent images until they are read out using a visible light laser-based scanner. They are sensitive to 13.5 nm and are linear over at least 4 orders of magnitude. A dosimeter based on storage phosphor can be constructed in a configuration such that it mimics a wafer and can be passed through a stepper just like a wafer. In addition, storage phosphors are reusable and can be recalibrated as needed. EUV-sensitive storage phosphors are extremely sensitive and tend to saturate at levels of order a few mu J/cm(2); however, we have developed attenuating polymer layers that can be deposited on the front surface. In this paper we will present the results of several experiments that characterize the performance of the proposed dosimeter at 13.5 nm. C1 [Grantham, Steven; Tarrio, Charles] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Grantham, S (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8410, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0712-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1173 BP 354 EP 358 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BQB42 UT WOS:000280565800063 ER PT J AU Pichlova-Ptacnikova, R Vanderploeg, HA AF Pichlova-Ptacnikova, Radka Vanderploeg, Henry A. TI The invasive cladoceran Cercopagis pengoi is a generalist predator capable of feeding on a variety of prey species of different sizes and escape abilities SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cercopagis pengoi; invasive species; predatory cladoceran; consumption rates ID LAKE-MICHIGAN; GREAT-LAKES; FOOD-WEB; BYTHOTREPHES-CEDERSTROEMI; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; MYSIS-MIXTA; BALTIC SEA; ZOOPLANKTON; ONTARIO AB We carried Out a comprehensive exploration of predation by the invasive predatory cladoceran Cercopagis pengoi in the laboratory. A range of potential prey was offered to the predator, including all major summer nearshore zooplankton taxa in Lake Michigan; we used prey in different concentrations from 5 to 100 ind. L(-1). We found that Cercopagis is a generalist capable to consume a variety of prey species, including small and large prey, and slowly and rapidly swimming prey. Consumption rates increased with concentration in several species, but did not saturate even at the highest concentration tested (40 or 100 ind. L(-1)). Cladocerans were consumed lit a higher rate than copepods. Cercopagis was able to catch and handle prey of nearly its own body size to prey about seventeen times smaller; however, it did not show any clear size preference within this range. In contrast to most indigenous Great Lakes zooplankton, Cercopagis can efficiently feed on veligers of the zebra Mussel, another invader from the Ponto-Caspian region. C1 [Pichlova-Ptacnikova, Radka] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Vanderploeg, Henry A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Pichlova-Ptacnikova, R (reprint author), Norwegian Inst Water Res, Gaustadalleen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway. FU Great Lakes Fisheries Commission FX This study Would not be possible without help of R/Vs Shenehon, Laurentian and Cyclops crews, and GLERL Lake Michigan field station personnel, namely Jack Workman, Bill Burns, Andrew Yagiela and Dennis Donahue. Lenka Stara, Alex Belinky and Qui Thai are Much appreciated for help with setting up and terminating experiments as is Robert Ptacnik for help with R software package. Thanks to Robert Ptacnik, Adam Petrusek, Zdenek Brandl and two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments to manuscript. This work was financed by Great Lakes Fisheries Commission. This is GLERL contribution No. 1482. NR 57 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 19 PU E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGS PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER, SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 1863-9135 J9 FUND APPL LIMNOL JI Fundam. Appl. Limnol. PY 2009 VL 173 IS 4 BP 267 EP 279 DI 10.1127/1863-9135/2009/0173-0267 PG 13 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 419FP UT WOS:000264204800002 ER PT B AU Kaplan, IC Levin, P AF Kaplan, Isaac C. Levin, Phillip BE Beamish, RJ Rothschild, BJ TI Ecosystem-Based Management of What? An Emerging Approach for Balancing Conflicting Objectives in Marine Resource Management SO FUTURE OF FISHERIES SCIENCE IN NORTH AMERICA SE FISH AND FISHERIES SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Future of Fishery Science in North America CY FEB 13-15, 2007 CL Amer Inst Fishery Res Biol, CANADA SP Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Dept Fisheries & Ocean Canada, AIFRB HO Amer Inst Fishery Res Biol DE California Current; fisheries; ecosystem model; trade-offs; ecosystem indicators; Atlantis ID PACIFIC-OCEAN; FOOD-WEB; FISHERIES; MODEL; COMMISSION; DYNAMICS; RESERVES; IMPACTS; SHIFTS AB Managing marine resources has always been challenging, but this task looms ever larger as society demands more seafood while also requiring that we act as careful stewards of marine ecosystems. Evaluating, management strategies in light of the diverse and changing demands of society for the goods and services the oceans provide requires that we clearly expose trade-offs among conflicting objectives In this paper, we describe an approach using all Atlantis ecosystem model to evaluate management strategies and potential trade-oft's between economic and conservation goals in the California Current ecosystem. We Simulate a range of fishing intensities, and evaluate potential trade-offs between harvest maximization and the Structure of the food web. Our results reveal that fishing combined with life history traits will alter the composition of the community Such that short-lived, productive species replace longer-lived, lower productivity species. From an economic perspective, sustainably fishing productive high value species (Dungeness crab, hake, and squid) while overfishing less valuable, low productivity species (some rockfish) may seem like it wise choice; however, from a conservation perspective Such a strategy would be completely unacceptable. We use the ecosystem model to visualize these trade-offs between economic and conservation concerns. We Measure conservation and ecosystem structure by evaluating a suite of ecosystem indicators, such as ratios of the abundance of functional groups, and mean trophic level. The ratios of piscivore to planktivore, benthic to pelagic fish, and scavenger to piscivore all showed Substantial shifts ill community structure as levels of harvest increased. The mean trophic level of biological groups in the model was not sensitive to fishing intensity, and did not capture the associated shifts in the Structure of the food web. Overall, we illustrate a simulation approach that can examine trade-offs between harvest and community-level indices of ecosystem Structure. All ecosystem approach to management requires that we synthesize diverse physical, biological, and socioeconomic data and think critically about the ways in which our decisions affect the ecosystem services we value. The whole trend of research and education is toward specialization on particular objects or particular organisms. These are stressed while the assemblage to which they belong is ignored or forgotten, together with the fact that they are to be regarded as integral parts of the system of nature. Shelford (1933) C1 [Kaplan, Isaac C.; Levin, Phillip] NOAA Fisheries, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Kaplan, IC (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Isaac.Kaplan@noaa.gov NR 51 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-9209-1 J9 FISH FISHERIES SERIE PY 2009 VL 31 BP 77 EP 95 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-9210-7_5 PG 19 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BJH18 UT WOS:000265786100005 ER PT B AU Methot, RD AF Methot, Richard D., Jr. BE Beamish, RJ Rothschild, BJ TI Stock Assessment: Operational Models in Support of Fisheries Management SO FUTURE OF FISHERIES SCIENCE IN NORTH AMERICA SE FISH AND FISHERIES SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Future of Fishery Science in North America CY FEB 13-15, 2007 CL Amer Inst Fishery Res Biol, CANADA SP Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Dept Fisheries & Ocean Canada, AIFRB HO Amer Inst Fishery Res Biol DE Fish stock assessment; population dynamics; fishery management ID MARINE FISHERIES; CATCH; SYSTEMS; TRAWL AB Fishery stock assessment models connect ecosystem data to quantitative fishery management. Control rules that calculate annual catch limits and targets from stock assessment results are a common component of US Fishery Management Plans. Ideally, the outcome of such control rules are updated annually on the basis of stock assessment forecasts to track fluctuations in stock abundance. When the stock assessment - fishery management enterprise achieves this level of throughput, they truly are operational models, much as the complex physical models used to routinely update climate forecasts. In reality, many contemporary assessments are closer to an individual scientific investigation than to an operational model. As a result, the review of each stock assessment is extensive and the lag between data acquisition and quota adjustment may extend to several years. If the future stock assessment process is to move towards an operational status, there will need to be changes in three aspects of the process. First, key data streams will themselves need to be made more operational and corporate so that relevant data are immediately available and trusted. Second, stock assessment models need to he made more capable of including diverse relevant data and comprehensively calculating levels of uncertainty, while also being more completely tested, documented, and standardized. The class of models called integrated analysis has these characteristics and is described here, with emphasis on the features of the Stock Synthesis model. Areas of future model development, especially to include more ecosystem and environmental factors, are explored. Third, increased throughput of assessment updates will require streamlining of the extensive review process now routinely required before stock assessment results can serve as the scientific basis for fishery management. Emphasizing review of broadly applicable assessment data and methods, rather than each final result, is a logical step in this streamlining, while maintaining public trust in the final results. C1 NOAA Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Methot, RD (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NR 47 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-9209-1 J9 FISH FISHERIES SERIE PY 2009 VL 31 BP 137 EP 165 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-9210-7_9 PG 29 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BJH18 UT WOS:000265786100009 ER PT S AU Norton, JG Herrick, SF Mason, JE AF Norton, Jerrold G. Herrick, Samuel F. Mason, Janet E. BE Beamish, RJ Rothschild, BJ TI Fisheries Abundance Cycles in Ecosystem and Economic Management of California Fish and Invertebrate Resources SO FUTURE OF FISHERIES SCIENCE IN NORTH AMERICA SE Fish and Fisheries Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Future of Fishery Science in North America CY FEB 13-15, 2007 CL Amer Inst Fishery Res Biol, CANADA SP Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Dept Fisheries & Ocean Canada, AIFRB HO Amer Inst Fishery Res Biol DE Assessment; ecosystem; fisheries; management; revenue ID SARDINE SARDINOPS-SAGAX; LOW-FREQUENCY VARIABILITY; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; ENVIRONMENTAL-INFLUENCES; CLIMATE; TRENDS; SEA; OSCILLATION; POPULATIONS; DYNAMICS AB It is important for fishery scientists and ecosystem-based fishery managers to recognize that there may be apparent persistence in an ecosystem followed by ecosystem changes corresponding to different ecological states and different levels of fisheries Output; revenues paid to California fishers have varied more than fivefold in inflation adjusted dollars during the 75-year period of our study. Empirical orthogonal 41 function (EOF) analysis of California commercial fish landings from 1928 to 2002 defines a two-dimensional ecological space and the position of indicator species within it. This ecological space appears related to more easily monitored physical environmental processes that can be used to determine the persistence and probable temporal variability in species and ecological states. Observation of ecological changes in limited take marine reserves, file first step in ecosystem-based fishery management, is needed to reveal the proportion of ecosystem cycling that is dependent on exploitation. Future ecosystem-based fishery management may use Individual Transferable Quota shares that confer to fishers a user right to a percentage share of the Total Allowable Catch of fish. This management structure within the ecosystem-based management framework will require a high level of knowledge about ecosystem changes, fishery changes, and the resulting changes in the economic and social environment of the fishery. It is likely that the concepts of ecological space and ecological change presented here will be useful in assessing the population size and Total Allowable Catch of particular species and the importance of these species in sustaining a productive ecosystem for consumptive use and increasingly important nonconsumptive users. C1 [Norton, Jerrold G.] Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, 1352 Lighthouse Ave, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Herrick, Samuel F.] Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Mason, Janet E.] Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Norton, JG (reprint author), Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, 1352 Lighthouse Ave, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM Jerrold.G.Norton@noaa.gov NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1367-8396 BN 978-1-4020-9209-1 J9 FISH FISH SER JI Fish Fisheries Series PY 2009 VL 31 BP 227 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-9210-7_13 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BJH18 UT WOS:000265786100013 ER PT S AU Churnside, J Brodeur, R Horne, J Adam, P Benoit-Bird, K Reese, DC Kaltenberg, A Brown, E AF Churnside, James Brodeur, Richard Horne, John Adam, Patrick Benoit-Bird, Kelly Reese, Douglas C. Kaltenberg, Amanda Brown, Evelyn BE Beamish, RJ Rothschild, BJ TI Combining Techniques for Remotely Assessing Pelagic Nekton: Getting the Whole Picture SO FUTURE OF FISHERIES SCIENCE IN NORTH AMERICA SE Fish and Fisheries Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Future of Fishery Science in North America CY FEB 13-15, 2007 CL Amer Inst Fishery Res Biol, CANADA SP Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Dept Fisheries & Ocean Canada, AIFRB HO Amer Inst Fishery Res Biol DE Fisheries surveys; lidar; pelagic nekton ID AIRBORNE LIDAR; COASTAL AB A variety of observational techniques either have been developed or are under development for fisheries research. These techniques have greatly increased the quantity and quality of information that can be obtained from a research survey and it is anticipated that this trend will continue. Traditional ship-based surveys will be supplemented by data collected from fixed moorings autonomous underwater vehicles, aircraft, and satellites. Each of these platforms is limited in the spatial and temporal scales that can be sampled. By combining data from multiple platforms and sensors, we will be able to obtain a more complete picture of the components of a particular ecosystem over a greater range of scales. This is particularly true for pelagic nekton, which can move independent of fluid motion. In many cases, the observational difficulties created by this mobility can be mitigated by the use of aircraft, which can cover large areas with optical instruments such as imagers and Light Detection and Ranging (lidar). C1 [Churnside, James] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, CSD3,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Brodeur, Richard; Reese, Douglas C.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Horne, John; Adam, Patrick] Univ Washington, Sch Fisheries, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Benoit-Bird, Kelly; Kaltenberg, Amanda] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Brown, Evelyn] Flying Fish Ltd, Husum, WA 98623 USA. RP Churnside, J (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, CSD3,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM james.h.churnside@noaa.gov; Rick.Brodeur@noaa.gov; jhorne@u.washington.edu; patrick1@u.washington.edu; kbenoit@coas.oregonstate.edu; dreese@lifetime.oregonstate.edu; akaltenb@coas.oregonstate.edu; husumbandb@earthlink.net RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1367-8396 BN 978-1-4020-9209-1 J9 FISH FISH SER JI Fish Fisheries Series PY 2009 VL 31 BP 345 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-9210-7_19 PG 2 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BJH18 UT WOS:000265786100019 ER PT S AU Clarke, ME Tolimieri, N Singh, H AF Clarke, M. Elizabeth Tolimieri, Nick Singh, Hanumant BE Beamish, RJ Rothschild, BJ TI Using the Seabed AUV to Assess Populations of Groundfish in Untrawlable Areas SO FUTURE OF FISHERIES SCIENCE IN NORTH AMERICA SE Fish and Fisheries Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Future of Fishery Science in North America CY FEB 13-15, 2007 CL Amer Inst Fishery Res Biol, CANADA SP Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Dept Fisheries & Ocean Canada, AIFRB HO Amer Inst Fishery Res Biol DE Autonomous underwater vehicle, AUV; fishery-independent surveys; groundfish; underwater imaging ID AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLE; HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS; SHELF; REEF; FISH AB Near-bottom groundfish communities were surveyed in the waters off California and Oregon using the Seabed autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) at depths ranging from 100 to 500m. these surveys were designed to test the utility of the Seabed AUV in surveying groundfish and their associated habitat. The long-term goal of these tests is to fill the need for cost-effective, non-extractive, fishery-independent surveys in untrawlable areas. During nine dives we collected information on the species composition, abundance, and size of many groundfish species, and over 30,000 images were collected from the optically calibrated camera. Habitat classification on a fine spatial scale was easily accomplished and allowed habitat associations of may species to be determined. an assessment of one of the most easily identifiable species, rosethorn rockfish Sebastes helvomaculatus, also showed that the size composition of this species varied over habitat types. These surveys were the first using the Seabed AUV to survey fishes in these habitats and provided insights for sample design and enhancements that would optimize the AUV for future operational surveys. C1 [Clarke, M. Elizabeth; Tolimieri, Nick] NOAA Fisheries Serv, NorthWest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98136 USA. [Singh, Hanumant] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Clarke, ME (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries Serv, NorthWest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98136 USA. EM elizabeth.clarke@noaa.gov RI Bizzarro, Joseph/A-2988-2012 NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1367-8396 BN 978-1-4020-9209-1 J9 FISH FISH SER JI Fish Fisheries Series PY 2009 VL 31 BP 357 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-9210-7_20 PG 2 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BJH18 UT WOS:000265786100020 ER PT S AU Cadrin, SX Secor, DH AF Cadrin, Steven X. Secor, David H. BE Beamish, RJ Rothschild, BJ TI Accounting for Spatial Population Structure in Stock Assessment: Past, Present, and Future SO FUTURE OF FISHERIES SCIENCE IN NORTH AMERICA SE Fish and Fisheries Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Future of Fishery Science in North America CY FEB 13-15, 2007 CL Amer Inst Fishery Res Biol, CANADA SP Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Dept Fisheries & Ocean Canada, AIFRB HO Amer Inst Fishery Res Biol DE Mixed-stock fisheries; migration; spatial heterogeneity; stock assessment; stock identification ID ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA; STRIPED BASS; GENETIC DATA; MANAGEMENT; FISH; IDENTIFICATION; METAPOPULATION; FISHERIES; HYPOTHESIS; DYNAMICS AB Stock identification has been an important prerequisite for stock assessment throughout its history. The earliest evaluations of recruitment variability recognized that understanding the spatial scale of a fishery resource is essential for studying population dynamics. A paradigm of stock structure was based oil closed migration circuits and geographic variation of phenotypic traits and formed a premise for fishery modeling conventions in the mid-1900s. As genetic techniques developed in the late 1900s, the "stock concept" was refined to include a degree of reproductive isolation. Realization that there was no single method that addressed the various assumptions of stock assessment and needs of fishery management prompted a more holistic view of population structure that called for Multiple sources of demographic and genetic data. Recent applications of advanced techniques challenge the traditional view of populations as geographically distinct units with homogeneous vital rates and isolation from adjacent resources. More complex concepts such as metapopulations and "contingent theory" may be more applicable to many fishery resources with sympatric population structure. These more complex patterns of population structure have been incorporated into some advanced stock assessment techniques and metapopulation models that account for movement among areas and sympatric heterogeneity. Wider application of spatially explicit models in future stock assessments will require clear identification of stock components, evaluating movement rates and determining the degree of reproductive isolation. Because spatial structure affects how populations respond to fisheries, incorporation of heterogeneous patterns and movement in stock assessment models should improve advice for fishery management. C1 [Cadrin, Steven X.] NOAA, UMass Cooperat Marine Educ & Res Program, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, 838 S Rodney French Blvd, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA. [Secor, David H.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. RP Cadrin, SX (reprint author), NOAA, UMass Cooperat Marine Educ & Res Program, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, 838 S Rodney French Blvd, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA. EM Steven.Cadrin@noaa.gov; Secor@CBL.UMCES.edu NR 96 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1367-8396 BN 978-1-4020-9209-1 J9 FISH FISH SER JI Fish Fisheries Series PY 2009 VL 31 BP 405 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-9210-7_22 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BJH18 UT WOS:000265786100022 ER PT S AU Hollowed, AB Bailey, KM AF Hollowed, Anne Babcock Bailey, Kevin M. BE Beamish, RJ Rothschild, BJ TI Climate and Fisheries: The Past, The Future, and The Need for Coalescence SO FUTURE OF FISHERIES SCIENCE IN NORTH AMERICA SE Fish and Fisheries Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Future of Fishery Science in North America CY FEB 13-15, 2007 CL Amer Inst Fishery Res Biol, CANADA SP Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Dept Fisheries & Ocean Canada, AIFRB HO Amer Inst Fishery Res Biol DE Climate; fisheries; oceanography; complexity; recruitment; history of fisheries ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; WALLEYE POLLOCK; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; FISH POPULATIONS; ECOSYSTEM-MODEL; REGIME SHIFTS; ATLANTIC COD; EARLY-LIFE; VARIABILITY; RECRUITMENT AB In this chapter we review the history of fisheries science with respect to climate impacts on fisheries and prognosticate the future of this type of research. Our review of the development of climate and fisheries research reveals that advances in our discipline emerge from the coalescence Of four factors: shifts in fisheries economics and policy; developments in theoretical ecology; innovations in small-scale field and laboratory Studies; and progress in large-scale fisheries statistics and modeling. Major advances have occurred when scientists interacted in multidisciplinary forums. We find that efforts to understand the impact of climate on the annual production and distribution of fish have produced a primary level of understanding of the processes underlying stock structure, production, and distribution of fish species. We find that ecosystem-based approaches to management have been advocated to a greater or lesser degree throughout the last century. In the future, we expect that advances ill scientific understanding and improved computing power will allow scientists to explore the complex nature of environmental interactions occurring at different spatial and temporal scales. New field programs will develop to Support the development of spatially explicit models of fish that include complex interactions within and between species, and fish behavior. Field sampling programs will benefit from continuing innovations in technology that improve collection of information on the abundance, distribution of fish, and the environment. New technologies will also be utilized ill laboratory studies to rapidly assess the reproductive potential, food habits, and genetic history of fish under different environmental conditions. We expect that interdisciplinary training will continue to serve as a catalyst for new ideas in climate and fisheries. However, as researchers shift their focus from retrospective studies and now-casts to long-term implications of fishing and climate on the ecosystem we expect that training in oceanography, ecological theory, and environmental policy will be needed to provide a foundation for the development of models that depict the trade-offs of nature and human use in a realistic manner. Finally, we challenge fisheries scientists to track the accuracy of long- to medium-term forecasts of future states of nature and the potential impact of climate and fisheries on them. C1 [Hollowed, Anne Babcock; Bailey, Kevin M.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hollowed, AB (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 119 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1367-8396 BN 978-1-4020-9209-1 J9 FISH FISH SER JI Fish Fisheries Series PY 2009 VL 31 BP 597 EP 619 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-9210-7_30 PG 23 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BJH18 UT WOS:000265786100030 ER PT S AU Schwing, FB Peterson, WT Cyr, N Osgood, KE AF Schwing, Franklin B. Peterson, William T. Cyr, Ned Osgood, Kenric E. BE Beamish, RJ Rothschild, BJ TI Future Research Requirements for Understanding the Effects of Climate Variability on Fisheries for Their Management SO FUTURE OF FISHERIES SCIENCE IN NORTH AMERICA SE Fish and Fisheries Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Future of Fishery Science in North America CY FEB 13-15, 2007 CL Amer Inst Fishery Res Biol, CANADA SP Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Dept Fisheries & Ocean Canada, AIFRB HO Amer Inst Fishery Res Biol DE Climate change; fisheries management; ecosystem-based management; ecological indicators; ecological assessments; physical-biological models ID PACIFIC-OCEAN; COMMUNITY; REGIME; SHIFT AB Climate variability is a key factor controlling the distribution and abundance of marine organisms and ecosystems structure. Climate science Must be linked to ecosystem science and living marine resource management if we are to understand, quantify, and forecast the impacts of climate variability and future climate change on marine Populations and ecosystem components. To effectively understand and incorporate into management the effects of climate variability on fisheries, we will need to expand greatly our capabilities in it number of research activities. Ecological observations must be maintained and enhanced to detect and increase our understanding of the impacts of climate variability and climate change on marine ecosystems. Climate-forced biophysical models must be developed and verified to increase understanding of ecosystem responses to climate and provide predictions to assist management. Ecological indicators that document ecosystem change and the impacts of climate variability on marine ecosystems Must be developed and made operational. Regular assessments of ecosystem status must he prepared, distributed, and interpreted. Finally, climate information Must be integrated into fisheries management plans and decisions. We recommend a series of initial priority activities, which include regional "proof of concept" demonstration projects for linking climate information with resource management developing ecological indicators that document the state of, and impacts of climate variability on, marine populations and their ecosystems; and creating web-based and dynamic regional integrated ecosystem assessments (IEAs). C1 [Schwing, Franklin B.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, SouthWest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Peterson, William T.] Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries Serv, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Cyr, Ned; Osgood, Kenric E.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Schwing, FB (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries Serv, SouthWest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1367-8396 BN 978-1-4020-9209-1 J9 FISH FISH SER JI Fish Fisheries Series PY 2009 VL 31 BP 621 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-9210-7_31 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BJH18 UT WOS:000265786100031 ER PT S AU Squires, D AF Squires, Dale BE Beamish, RJ Rothschild, BJ TI Opportunities in Social Science Research SO FUTURE OF FISHERIES SCIENCE IN NORTH AMERICA SE Fish and Fisheries Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Future of Fishery Science in North America CY FEB 13-15, 2007 CL Amer Inst Fishery Res Biol, CANADA SP Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Dept Fisheries & Ocean Canada, AIFRB HO Amer Inst Fishery Res Biol ID INDIVIDUAL TRANSFERABLE QUOTAS; MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; HETEROGENEOUS RISK PREFERENCES; MINIMUM INFORMATION-MANAGEMENT; ENGLAND FISHING INDUSTRY; COMMON-PROPERTY RESOURCE; ALASKA SALMON FISHERIES; LIMITED ENTRY PERMITS; PURSE-SEINE FISHERY; OPEN-ACCESS FISHERY AB The opportunities for social science research change with developments in policy and social science, conservation biology, and ecological theory population dynamics, quantitative methods, laws and current management or governance practices industry operating procedures, social values, institutional change, and funding. This paper identifies opportunities for future social science research, and economics in particular, due to developments in economic theory and the shifting concerns of society. The opportunities lie in addressing the growing societal concerns over the environment, biodiversity, and sustainable resource use and bioeconomic modeling that begins to match advancements in Population dynamics and ecology. The opportunities address multiple species, bioeconomic modeling that accounts for space, the heterogeneity of fishing industries and the need to address distributional issues and trade-offs. Future Social Science research will relate to impacts with different policies, incentives, and property and use rights, uncertainty, international management of transboundary stocks of fish and biodiversity conservation (whales, sea turtles, sea birds, dolphins, etc.), marine reserves, technical change, the shift in orientation from management of fisheries as it commercial fishery and a simple optimal harvest strategy to ecosystem management. Important ideas for the future include actual fisheries management of Pareto-improvements from a second-best situation rather than normative concerns that dominate most theoretical fisheries economics research. C1 NOAA Fisheries, Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Squires, D (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Dale.Squires@noaa.gov NR 353 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1367-8396 BN 978-1-4020-9209-1 J9 FISH FISH SER JI Fish Fisheries Series PY 2009 VL 31 BP 637 EP 696 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-9210-7_32 PG 60 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BJH18 UT WOS:000265786100032 ER PT S AU Beechie, TJ Pess, GR Pollock, MN Ruckelshaus, MH Roni, P AF Beechie, Timothy J. Pess, George R. Pollock, Michael N. Ruckelshaus, Mary H. Roni, Phil BE Beamish, RJ Rothschild, BJ TI Restoring Rivers in the Twenty-First Century: Science Challenges in a Management Context SO FUTURE OF FISHERIES SCIENCE IN NORTH AMERICA SE Fish and Fisheries Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Future of Fishery Science in North America CY FEB 13-15, 2007 CL Amer Inst Fishery Res Biol, CANADA SP Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Dept Fisheries & Ocean Canada, AIFRB HO Amer Inst Fishery Res Biol DE Ecosystem models; process-based restoration; river restoration; river health watershed processes ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST WATERSHEDS; SALMON HABITAT RESTORATION; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FRESH-WATER; IBERIAN PENINSULA; FLOW REGULATION; FISH; STREAM; CONSERVATION AB Legal mandates force consideration of at least some level of river restoration in many developed nations (e.g., Clean Water and Endangered Species Act in the United States, or the Water Framework Directive in the European Union), but a lack of specifics in legislation compels decision-makers to ask three persistent management questions: (1) How much river restoration do we need? (2) How do we best achieve cost-effective river restoration? (3) How do we know we have restored enough? Moreover, the broader management context is permeated with tremendous inertia to continue development of rivers for societal and economic gain, Continual application of small and fragmented restoration actions, and skepticism that river restoration can succeed in the face of climate change and steady population growth. It is in this context that we identify key science challenges for river restoration in the twenty-first century. We suggest that a fundamental shift toward restoring watershed and river processes (process-based restoration) is needed if scientists are to be gin developing the tools needed to provide relevant policy answers. The basic conceptual framework of process-based restoration requires that we understand how habitat is formed and changes, how habitat changes after biota. and how actions after both river habitats and the landscape processes that create river habitats. Restoration actions must then directly address human actions that Caused habitat degradation, thereby addressing file root Causes of biological impacts. Understanding this framework will allow scientists to better address key science challenges for advancing river restoration, including development of ecosystem models to predict what kinds of and how much restoration is needed. all expanded Suite of process-based restoration techniques for large river ecosystems, and comprehensive but Cost-effective suites of metrics for monitoring river health. C1 [Beechie, Timothy J.; Pess, George R.; Pollock, Michael N.; Ruckelshaus, Mary H.; Roni, Phil] NOAA Fisheries, NorthWest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Beechie, TJ (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NorthWest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM tim.beechie@noaa.gov NR 117 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1367-8396 BN 978-1-4020-9209-1 J9 FISH FISH SER JI Fish Fisheries Series PY 2009 VL 31 BP 697 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-9210-7_33 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BJH18 UT WOS:000265786100033 ER PT J AU Rai, AK Reichman, JH Uhlir, PF Crossman, C AF Rai, Arti K. Reichman, Jerome H. Uhlir, Paul F. Crossman, Colin BE VanOverwalle, G TI Pathways across the valley of death Novel intellectual property strategies for accelerated drug discovery SO GENE PATENTS AND COLLABORATIVE LICENSING MODELS: PATENT POOLS, CLEARINGHOUSES, OPEN SOURCE MODELS AND LIABILITY REGIMES SE Cambridge Intellectual Property and Information Law LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LIABILITY RULES; RIGHTS; INNOVATION; INDUSTRY; HYPOTHESIS; ALLIANCES; COST; FIRM; HIT C1 [Rai, Arti K.] Univ Penn, Sch Law, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Uhlir, Paul F.] US Natl Acad, Board Res Data & Informat, Washington, DC USA. [Uhlir, Paul F.] US Dept Commerce, Remote Sensing Law & Intergovt Cooperat Meteorol, Gen Counsels Off, NOAA, Washington, DC 20230 USA. NR 78 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-89673-3 J9 CAM INTELLECT PROP PY 2009 IS 10 BP 247 EP 288 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511581182.019 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511581182 PG 42 WC Law SC Government & Law GA BBL35 UT WOS:000307276600019 ER PT S AU Ray, JR AF Ray, J. R. BE Drewes, H TI A Quasi-Optimal, Consistent Approach for Combination of UT1 and LOD SO GEODETIC REFERENCE FRAMES SE International Association of Geodesy Symposia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Association of Geodesy Symposium CY OCT 09-14, 2006 CL Munich, GERMANY SP Int Assoc Geodesy DE Reference frames; Earth orientation; universal time; length of day; combinations AB ITRF2005 is the first realization of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) using a time series combination of multi-technique solutions to yield fully consistent station positions and Earth orientation parameters (EOPs), with full variance-covariance information. However, it is not as easy to combine universal time (UT1) and length of day (LOD) as for polar motion within the ITRF combination itself. Only the UT1 and LOD results from 24-hr very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) sessions have been included because the denser set of short-duration, single-baseline VLBI sessions can distort station position estimates and daily satellite-based LOD estimates suffer from large, time-varying biases. This paper outlines a multi-step procedure to utilize all the available UT1 and LOD results to produce a nearly optimal, complete time series combination consistent with ITRF2005: 1) The ITRF2005 solution for VLBI station positions and velocities, as well as daily polar motion and UT1/LOD at VLBI epochs, is adopted with associated variance-covariances. 2) The short-duration, single-baseline VLBI sessions must be reduced to SINEX form with UT1 freely adjusted and with station positions and polar motion constrained to the ITRF2005 values. Alternatively and probably better, the initial VLBI analyses can use non-ITRF constraints, which must later be modified by back-substitution, provided that all the necessary a priori information is included in the session SINEX files. 3) The set of ITRF2005 UT1/LOD estimates and sigmas merged with those from the short-duration VLBI sessions should form a consistent time series, but only at VLBI epochs. 4) Biased LOD estimates from satellite techniques can be used to densify and regularize the epochs of VLBI UT1 estimates in a Kalman filter. In addition to coupled models for the stochastic variations of LOD (random walk) and UT1 (integrated random walk) due to geophysical processes, an empirical stochastic model is needed for each satellite technique to account for the behavior of its LOD biases. The resulting Kalman filter output of UT1 and LOD estimates and sigmas will be optimal in the general estimation sense, assuming reasonable stochastic models and parameters are derived for the satellite LOD biases, and will be quasi-optimal as they relate to the ITRF2005 frame. But more specifically and importantly, unbiased estimates and realistic sigmas are ensured by the direct modeling of the LOD biases, unlike in simpler methods that "calibrate" the biases in a pre-combination step. C1 NOAA Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Ray, JR (reprint author), NOAA Natl Geodet Survey, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Symposia, IAG/K-2857-2012 NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0939-9585 BN 978-3-642-00859-7 J9 IAG SYMP PY 2009 VL 134 BP 239 EP 243 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-00860-3_37 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing GA BTD94 UT WOS:000286584300037 ER PT J AU Takai, K Nunoura, T Horikoshi, K Shibuya, T Nakamura, K Suzuki, Y Stott, M Massoth, GJ Christenson, BW deRonde, CEJ Butterfield, DA Ishibashi, J Lupton, JE Evans, LJ AF Takai, Ken Nunoura, Takuro Horikoshi, Koki Shibuya, Takazo Nakamura, Kentaro Suzuki, Yohey Stott, Matthew Massoth, Gary J. Christenson, B. W. deRonde, Cornel E. J. Butterfield, David A. Ishibashi, Jun-ichiro Lupton, John E. Evans, L. J. TI Variability in Microbial Communities in Black Smoker Chimneys at the NW Caldera Vent Field, Brothers Volcano, Kermadec Arc SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Aquificales; Brothers submarine volcano; chemolithoautotroph; community structure; deep sea hydrothermal vents; Kermadec arc ID SEA HYDROTHERMAL VENT; HYDROGEN-OXIDIZING CHEMOLITHOAUTOTROPH; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; EAST PACIFIC RISE; SP-NOV.; GEN. NOV.; EPSILON-PROTEOBACTERIA; NEW-ZEALAND; PHYLOGENETIC DIVERSITY; THERMOPHILIC BACTERIUM AB Microbial communities in black smoker chimney structures at the NW caldera vent field of the Brothers volcano, Kermadec arc were characterized by using both culture-dependent and independent techniques. The hydrothermal vent fluid chemistry, as given by end-member salinities and gas contents, differ among the black smoker sites of the NW caldera field, indicating probable phase-separation-controlled variability in the fluid chemistry. Chimney structures collected from typical Cl-depleted and Cl-enriched hydrothermal fluid vents were used for the microbiological investigation. The 16S rRNA gene clone analysis showed that the archaeal rRNA gene communities were similar within interior and exterior substructures of any single chimneys, and even between chimneys having either Cl-depleted or Cl-enriched hydrothermal emissions. By contrast, the bacterial rRNA gene communities varied between chimneys hosting Cl-depleted or Cl-enriched fluids. Cultivation analysis showed significant variation in the viable counts of various microbial components among the chimneys, particularly of H-2- and/or S-oxidizing chemolithotrophs such as the genera Persephonella and Sulfurimonas. The difference shown by the cultured microbial community structures between the chimneys may be related to the different chemistries of hydrothermal fluids being expelled by the chimney structures, and possibly differences in the subseafloor environments beneath the vent sites, especially when considering different gas inputs and carbon sources. The patterns in cultivated microbial populations in the chimney structures were compared among the chimney structures studied so far from various deep-sea hydrothermal fields including this study. It shows that the patterns from the gas-rich hydrothermal fluid chimneys are quite similar between the geographically and geologically different hydrothermal fields of the Brothers NW caldera vent field, and the Mariner vent field of the Valu Fa Ridge. C1 [Takai, Ken; Nunoura, Takuro; Horikoshi, Koki] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Subsurface Geobiol & Adv Res SUGAR Project, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Takai, Ken; Shibuya, Takazo; Nakamura, Kentaro] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Precambrian Ecosyst Lab, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Suzuki, Yohey] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Res Ctr Deep Geol Environm, Expt Geosci Team, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Stott, Matthew; Massoth, Gary J.; Christenson, B. W.; deRonde, Cornel E. J.] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. [Butterfield, David A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Ishibashi, Jun-ichiro] Kyushu Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Higashi Ku, Fukuoka 812, Japan. [Lupton, John E.; Evans, L. J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR USA. RP Takai, K (reprint author), Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Subsurface Geobiol & Adv Res SUGAR Project, 2-15 Natsushima Cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. EM kent@jamstec.go.jp RI Butterfield, David/H-3815-2016 OI Butterfield, David/0000-0002-1595-9279 FU MEXT, Japan [15403014, 16340173]; New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science and Technology (FRST) [C05X0406] FX This work was supported in part by Grant-in-Aid for Science Research (Nos. 15403014 and 16340173) from MEXT, Japan, and by New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science and Technology (FRST) grant C05X0406. NR 63 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PY 2009 VL 26 IS 8 BP 552 EP 569 DI 10.1080/01490450903304949 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 541LM UT WOS:000273417200003 ER PT J AU Bograd, SJ Schroeder, I Sarkar, N Qiu, XM Sydeman, WJ Schwing, FB AF Bograd, Steven J. Schroeder, Isaac Sarkar, Nandita Qiu, Xuemei Sydeman, William J. Schwing, Franklin B. TI Phenology of coastal upwelling in the California Current SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; CHANGING SEASONALITY; MATCH-MISMATCH; CURRENT SYSTEM; OCEAN CLIMATE; EL-NINO; DIET; PACIFIC; FUTURE; EVENTS AB Changes in the amplitude and phasing of seasonal events (phenology) can affect the functioning of marine ecosystems. Phenology plays a particularly critical role in eastern boundary ecosystems, which are driven largely by the seasonal cycle of coastal upwelling. Here we develop and describe a set of indicators that quantify the timing, evolution, intensity, and duration of coastal upwelling in the California Current large marine ecosystem (CCLME). There is significant interannual variability in upwelling characteristics during 1967-2007, with extended periods of high (1970s, 1998-2004) and low (1980-1995) seasonally-integrated upwelling and a trend towards a later and shorter upwelling season in the northern CCLME. El Nino years were characterized by delayed and weak upwelling in the central CCLME. Understanding the causes and ecosystem consequences of phenological changes in coastal upwelling is critical, as climate models project significant variability in the amplitude and phase of coastal upwelling under varying climate change scenarios. Citation: Bograd, S. J., I. Schroeder, N. Sarkar, X. Qiu, W. J. Sydeman, and F. B. Schwing (2009), Phenology of coastal upwelling in the California Current, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L01602, doi: 10.1029/2008GL035933. C1 [Bograd, Steven J.; Schroeder, Isaac; Sarkar, Nandita; Qiu, Xuemei; Schwing, Franklin B.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Sydeman, William J.] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94975 USA. [Sydeman, William J.] Univ Calif Davis, Bodega Marine Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Bograd, SJ (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, 1352 Lighthouse Ave, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM steven.bograd@noaa.gov FU NOAA Fisheries; Environment (FATE) program; California Sea Grant; California Ocean Protection Council FX We acknowledge grants from the NOAA Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program, California Sea Grant, and the California Ocean Protection Council. We thank two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on the manuscript. Contribution 2440, Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California, Davis. NR 31 TC 100 Z9 103 U1 3 U2 39 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 36 IS 1 AR L01602 DI 10.1029/2008GL035933 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 390MN UT WOS:000262168500002 ER PT J AU Farneti, R Vallis, GK AF Farneti, R. Vallis, G. K. TI An Intermediate Complexity Climate Model (ICCMp1) based on the GFDL flexible modelling system SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article AB An intermediate complexity coupled ocean-atmosphere-land-ice model, based on the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) Flexible Modelling System (FMS), has been developed to study mechanisms of ocean-atmosphere interactions and natural climate variability at interannual to interdecadal and longer time scales. The model uses the three-dimensional primitive equations for both ocean and atmosphere but is simplified from a 'state of the art' coupled model by using simplified atmospheric physics and parameterisation schemes. These simplifications provide considerable savings in computational expense and, perhaps more importantly, allow mechanisms to be investigated more cleanly and thoroughly than with a more elaborate model. For example, the model allows integrations of several millennia as well as broad parameter studies. For the ocean, the model uses the free surface primitive equations Modular Ocean Model (MOM) and the GFDL/FMS sea-ice model (SIS) is coupled to the oceanic grid. The atmospheric component consists of the FMS B-grid moist primitive equations atmospheric dynamical core with highly simplified physical parameterisations. A simple bucket model is implemented for our idealised land following the GFDL/FMS Land model. The model is supported within the standard MOM releases as one of its many test cases and the source code is thus freely available. Here we describe the model components and present a climatology of coupled simulations achieved with two different geometrical configurations. Throughout the paper, we give a flavour of the potential for this model to be a powerful tool for the climate modelling community by mentioning a wide range of studies that are currently being explored. C1 [Farneti, R.; Vallis, G. K.] Princeton Univ, GFDL AOS Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Farneti, R (reprint author), Princeton Univ, GFDL AOS Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM riccardo.farneti@noaa.gov RI Farneti, Riccardo/B-5183-2011 FU NOAA; NSF; GFDL/AOS FX We would like to thank Dargan Frierson for developing the simplified atmospheric physics packages, Stephen Garner for help with the Atmospheric model, and Chris Milly and Sergey Malyshev for assistance with the Land model. A special thanks to Stephen Griffies for his help and advice on Ocean modelling and development. Two anonymous reviewers provided useful suggestions to improve the paper. This work was funded by NOAA and NSF. RF was supported by the GFDL/AOS Postdoctoral Program. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2009 VL 2 IS 2 BP 73 EP 88 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA V15EG UT WOS:000207784700001 ER PT B AU Rizos, C Brzezinska, D Forsberg, R Johnston, G Kenyon, S Smith, D AF Rizos, C. Brzezinska, D. Forsberg, R. Johnston, G. Kenyon, S. Smith, D. BE Plag, HP Pearlmann, M TI Maintaining a modern society SO GLOBAL GEODETIC OBSERVING SYSTEM: MEETING THE REQUIREMENTS OF A GLOBAL SOCIETY ON A CHANGING PLANET IN 2020 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Rizos, C.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Surveying & Spatial Informat Syst, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Brzezinska, D.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Geodet Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Forsberg, R.] Danish Tech Univ, DTU Space, Natl Space Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Johnston, G.] Geosci Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Kenyon, S.] Natl Geospatial Intelligence Agcy, Arnold, MO USA. [Smith, D.] Natl Geodet Survey, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Rizos, C (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Surveying & Spatial Informat Syst, Sydney, NSW, Australia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-3-642-02686-7 PY 2009 BP 135 EP 152 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-02687-4_4 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-02687-4 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BLY83 UT WOS:000271461100004 ER PT S AU Guo, H Qian, Y Lu, KJ Moayeri, N AF Guo, Hui Qian, Yi Lu, Kejie Moayeri, Nader BE Ulema, M TI The Benefits of Network Coding over a Wireless Backbone SO GLOBECOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 09) CY NOV 30-DEC 04, 2009 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE AB Network coding is a promising technology that can effectively improve the efficiency and capacity of multi-hop wireless networks by exploiting the broadcast nature of the wireless medium. However, current packet routing schemes do not take advantage of the network coding, and the benefits of network coding have not been fully utilized. To improve the performance gain of network coding, in this paper, we apply network coding over a wireless backbone and investigate the performance of this approach from a theoretical perspective. Our analysis shows that, compared to network coding over ad hoc networks with traditional routing schemes, network coding over the backbone structure exhibits significant advantages. This is because all packets are transmitted over the constructed backbone with pre-specified routes, and consequently the opportunity for coding packets at intermediate nodes can be substantially improved. To further enhance the performance, we also present an optimized link scheduling protocol for network coding over a wireless backbone. The performance results show that with proposed approach, the coding gain can achieve the theoretical bound in some scenarios. C1 [Guo, Hui; Qian, Yi; Moayeri, Nader] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lu, Kejie] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. RP Guo, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 978-1-4244-4147-1 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2009 BP 3002 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BQB54 UT WOS:000280579101085 ER PT S AU Lu, KJ Fu, SL Qian, Y Chen, HH AF Lu, Kejie Fu, Shengli Qian, Yi Chen, Hsiao-Hwa BE Ulema, M TI SER Performance Analysis for Physical Layer Network Coding over AWGN Channels SO GLOBECOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 09) CY NOV 30-DEC 04, 2009 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE ID CAPACITY AB While original network coding is proposed over the data link layer, recent work suggests that it can also be implemented on the physical layer. In fact it is more natural for wireless networks because of its omnidirectional transmission. In this paper, we investigate the symbol-error-rate (SER) for binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) and quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), but the approaches can be generalized to other constellation schemes. The closed-form SER results are derived for physical layer network coding over AWGN channels. The theoretical analysis is also validated by numerical simulation. C1 [Lu, Kejie] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Fu, Shengli] Univ North Texas, Denton, TX 76207 USA. [Qian, Yi] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chen, Hsiao-Hwa] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Tainan, Taiwan. RP Lu, KJ (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [CNS-0709285] FX This work has been supported in part by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under grant CNS-0709285. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 978-1-4244-4147-1 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2009 BP 3020 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BQB54 UT WOS:000280579101088 ER PT S AU Souryal, MR Wapf, A Moayeri, N AF Souryal, Michael R. Wapf, Andreas Moayeri, Nader BE Ulema, M TI Rapidly-Deployable Mesh Network Testbed SO GLOBECOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 09) CY NOV 30-DEC 04, 2009 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE AB This paper describes a wireless mesh network testbed for research in rapid deployment and auto-configuration of mesh nodes. Motivated by the needs of first responders and military personnel arriving to an incident area, we developed and tested an automated deployment algorithm that indicates when a mesh node needs to be deployed as the coverage area grows. Conventional radios can experience severe coverage limitations inside structures such as hi-rise buildings, subterranean buildings, caves, and underground mines. The approach examined here is to deploy wireless relays that extend coverage through multihop communication using a deployment algorithm that employs physical layer measurements. A flexible platform based on IEEE 802.11 radios has been implemented and tested in a subterranean laboratory complex where conventional public safety radios have no coverage. Applications tested include two-way voice, data, and location information. This paper describes the testbed, presents experimental results, and recommends areas for further study and development in rapidly-deployable multihop networks. C1 [Souryal, Michael R.; Wapf, Andreas; Moayeri, Nader] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Souryal, MR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM souryal@nist.gov; andreas@wapf.ch; moayeri@nist.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 978-1-4244-4147-1 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2009 BP 5536 EP 5541 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BQB54 UT WOS:000280579102092 ER PT S AU Gentile, C AF Gentile, Camillo BE Ulema, M TI Robust Noise Filtering in Wideband Frequency-Invariant Beamforming with Uniform Circular Arrays SO GLOBECOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 09) CY NOV 30-DEC 04, 2009 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Eigendecomposition; UWB-MIMO; UWB location; kurtosis ID COHERENT SIGNALS; TOA ESTIMATION; REDUCTION; RADIO AB Accurate signal measurement in the spatial. temporal domain is critical, amongst other applications, to the commercial success of UWB-MIMO communication systems and UWB standalone location systems. Antenna arrays can measure the spatial dimension of a signal through beamforming; to this end we chose to implement the uniform circular array in our spatial-temporal channel sounder due to its constant beam pattern around the azimuth angle. In wideband systems such as ours, it is important that the beam pattern also be constant across the band of operation to enable linear methods for multipath extraction or sidelobe suppression. Frequency-invariant beamforming can achieve this but at the expense of greater noise. Most literature treating the practical implementation of frequency. invariant beamforming concentrates on mutual coupling and physical-array imperfection. Rather in this paper we propose a novel filtering technique specific to the characteristic noise in frequency-invariant beamforming. It employs the eigendecomposition followed by least-squares minimization and proves robust even at low signal-to-noise ratios as substantiated through simulations as well as measurements using our sounder. C1 NIST, Emerging & Mobile Network Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gentile, C (reprint author), NIST, Emerging & Mobile Network Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM camillo.gentile@nist.gov NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 978-1-4244-4147-1 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2009 BP 6413 EP 6420 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BQB54 UT WOS:000280579102239 ER PT S AU Gentile, C Lopez, SM Kik, A AF Gentile, Camillo Lopez, Sofia Martinez Kik, Alfred BE Ulema, M TI A Comprehensive Spatial-Temporal Channel Propagation Model for the Ultra-Wideband Spectrum 2-8 GHz SO GLOBECOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 09) CY NOV 30-DEC 04, 2009 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE AB Despite the potential for high-speed communications, stringent regulatory mandates on Ultra-Wideband (UWB) emission have limited its commercial success. By combining resolvable UWB multipath from different directions, Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems can drastically improve link robustness or range. In fact, a plethora of algorithms and coding schemes already exist for UWB-MIMO systems, however these papers use simplistic channel models in simulation and testing. While the temporal characteristics of the UWB channel have been well documented, surprisingly there currently exists but a handful of spatial-temporal models to our knowledge, and only two for bandwidths in excess of 500 MHz. This paper proposes a comprehensive spatial-temporal model for the frequency spectrum 2-8 GHz, featuring many novel parameters. In order to extract the parameters, we conduct an extensive measurement campaign using a vector network analyzer coupled to a virtual circular antenna array. The campaign includes 160 experiments up to a non line-of-sight range of 35 meters in four buildings with construction material varying from sheetrock to steel. C1 [Gentile, Camillo; Lopez, Sofia Martinez; Kik, Alfred] NIST, Wireless Commun Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gentile, C (reprint author), NIST, Wireless Commun Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 978-1-4244-4147-1 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2009 BP 6427 EP 6432 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BQB54 UT WOS:000280579102241 ER PT B AU Gleason, S Lowe, S Zavorotny, V AF Gleason, Scott Lowe, Stephen Zavorotny, Valery BE Gleason, S GebreEgziabher, D TI Remote Sensing Using Bistatic GNSS Reflections SO GNSS APPLICATIONS AND METHODS SE Artech House GNSS Technology and Applications Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GPS SIGNALS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; ROUGH-SURFACE; OCEAN SURFACE; WIND-SPEED; SEA-ICE; SCATTERING; SYSTEM; SMEX02; MODEL C1 [Gleason, Scott] Natl Oceanog Ctr Southampton UK, Southampton, Hants, England. [Gleason, Scott] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL USA. [Gleason, Scott] Stanfords GPS LAAS Lab, Stanford, CA USA. [Lowe, Stephen] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Zavorotny, Valery] Russian Acad Med Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Moscow, Russia. [Zavorotny, Valery] PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117924, Russia. [Zavorotny, Valery] NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Gleason, S (reprint author), QinetiQ Ltd, Farnborough, Hants, England. NR 51 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-59693-329-3 J9 ARTECH HSE GNSS TECH PY 2009 BP 399 EP 436 PG 38 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BKZ27 UT WOS:000269670900016 ER PT S AU Heindl, R Rippard, WH AF Heindl, R. Rippard, W. H. BE Obeng, Y DeGendt, S Srinivasan, P Misra, D Iwai, H Karim, Z Hess, DW Grebel, H TI Emerging Devices Based on Spin Transfer Torque Effect SO GRAPHENE AND EMERGING MATERIALS FOR POST-CMOS APPLICATIONS SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Emerging Materials for Post-CMOS Applications held at the 215th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY MAY 25-29, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA SP Electrochem Soc ID MAGNETIC MULTILAYER; NANO-OSCILLATORS; PHASE-LOCKING; DRIVEN; EXCITATION AB In recent years, there have been intense research efforts directed towards using the spin-transfer-torque (STT) effect to induce reversal or precession of magnetization in ferromagnetic layers. This new effect has the potential to create a new generation of magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM) and nanoscale current-tunable microwave sources and oscillators. STT-MRAM devices are characterized by non-volatility, unlimited write endurance, compatibility with complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) processing, nanosecond operation, and good scalability to future semiconductor nodes. Nanoscale oscillators are attractive for future technological applications because of their small size, electronic control, low power consumption, and ability to efficiently frequency-modulate the devices and phase lock them to external reference signals. This paper presents the fundamentals of the spin-transfer torque effect, device concepts, and an overview of some of the work performed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. C1 [Heindl, R.; Rippard, W. H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Heindl, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-56677-713-1 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2009 VL 19 IS 5 BP 21 EP 32 DI 10.1149/1.3119524 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BMJ67 UT WOS:000272592300003 ER PT S AU Obrzut, J Migler, KB AF Obrzut, J. Migler, K. B. BE Obeng, Y DeGendt, S Srinivasan, P Misra, D Iwai, H Karim, Z Hess, DW Grebel, H TI Optical and Conductivity Properties of Films from Liquid-Phase Exfoliation of Natural Graphite SO GRAPHENE AND EMERGING MATERIALS FOR POST-CMOS APPLICATIONS SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Emerging Materials for Post-CMOS Applications held at the 215th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY MAY 25-29, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA SP Electrochem Soc ID GRAPHENE AB We experimentally determine the conductivity and optical transmittance of graphite layers, obtained from the liquid phase exfoliation of natural crystalline graphite. The measured transmittance values range from 0.9 to 0.97, comparable to the theoretical transmittance of graphene. In the low frequency limit the conductivity of the films follows the percolation model for two-dimensional networks. Solution processed graphene materials are attractive for applications as conductive transparent films and scalable graphene devices. C1 [Obrzut, J.; Migler, K. B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Obrzut, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 8 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-56677-713-1 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2009 VL 19 IS 5 BP 69 EP 73 DI 10.1149/1.3119528 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BMJ67 UT WOS:000272592300007 ER PT S AU Fagan, JA AF Fagan, J. A. BE Obeng, Y DeGendt, S Srinivasan, P Misra, D Iwai, H Karim, Z Hess, DW Grebel, H TI Carbon Nanomaterials Standards Efforts at NIST SO GRAPHENE AND EMERGING MATERIALS FOR POST-CMOS APPLICATIONS SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Emerging Materials for Post-CMOS Applications held at the 215th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY MAY 25-29, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA SP Electrochem Soc ID NANOTUBES; LENGTH; ENRICHMENT; SEPARATION AB Development of carbon nanomaterials for applications has been hindered to date by a lack of standard protocols, i.e. documentary standards and physical standards such as reference materials, which enable the common inter-comparison between laboratories, consumers and producers during property measurements and commerce. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) will soon be releasing several carbon nanomaterial standards, specifically for several forms of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), to promote commerce of these materials and to ease carbon nanomaterial development. The identification of the measurement need, development of the materials and specific areas of application are addressed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fagan, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Fagan, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1483-5554 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-56677-713-1 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2009 VL 19 IS 5 BP 153 EP 159 DI 10.1149/1.3119539 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BMJ67 UT WOS:000272592300018 ER PT J AU Scorzetti, G Brand, LE Hitchcock, GL Rein, KS Sinigalliano, CD Fell, JW AF Scorzetti, G. Brand, L. E. Hitchcock, G. L. Rein, K. S. Sinigalliano, C. D. Fell, J. W. TI Multiple simultaneous detection of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) through a high throughput bead array technology, with potential use in phytoplankton community analysis SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Bead array; Harmful Algal Bloom; Luminex; Simultaneous molecular detection ID SP-NOV GYMNODINIALES; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; ALEXANDRIUM SPECIES DINOPHYCEAE; MITOCHONDRIAL CYTOCHROME-B; TIME PCR ASSAY; PROROCENTRUM DINOPHYCEAE; PFIESTERIA-PISCICIDA; TWIN-CAYS; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS AB As an alternative to traditional, morphology-based methods, molecular techniques can provide detection of multiple species within the HAB community and, more widely, the phytoplankton community in a rapid, accurate and simultaneous qualitative analysis. These methods require detailed knowledge of the molecular diversity within taxa in order to design efficient specific primers and specific probes able to avoid cross-reaction with non-target sequences. Isolates from Florida coastal communities were sequence-analyzed and compared with the GenBank database. Almost 44% of the genotypes obtained did not match any sequence in GenBank, showing the existence of a large and still unexplored biodiversity among taxa. Based on these results and on the GenBank database, we designed 14 species-specific probes and 4 sets of specific primers. Multiple simultaneous detection was achieved with a bead array method based on the use of a flow cytometer and color-coded microspheres, which are conjugated to the developed probes. Following a parallel double PCR amplification, which employed universal primers in a singleplex reaction and a set of species-specific primers in multiplex, detection was performed in a cost effective and highly specific analysis. This multi-format assay, which required less than 4 h to complete from sample collection, can be expanded according to need. Up to 100 different species can be identified simultaneously in a single sample, which allows for additional use of this method in community analyses extended to all phytoplankton species. Our initial field trials, which were based on the 14 species-specific probes, showed the co-existence and dominance of two or more species of Karenia during toxic blooms in Florida waters. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Scorzetti, G.; Brand, L. E.; Hitchcock, G. L.; Fell, J. W.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Rein, K. S.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Sinigalliano, C. D.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Scorzetti, G (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM gscorzetti@rsmas.miami.edu RI Sinigalliano, Christopher/A-8760-2014 OI Sinigalliano, Christopher/0000-0002-9942-238X FU NSF-NIEHS Oceans; Human Health Center Program [0432368, P50 ES12736]; MERHAB; MERHAB Cruise FX Funding was provided in part by the NSF-NIEHS Oceans and Human Health Center Program (NSF 0432368 and NIEHS P50 ES12736). Participation in the MERHAB Cruise was courtesy of Dr. Gary Kirkpatrick, Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL, USA. Cell counts for the Pine Island Sound samples were provided courtesy of V. Palubok (Mote Marine Laboratory) and for the MERHAB Cruise samples courtesy of R. Pigg.[SS] NR 63 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD JAN PY 2009 VL 8 IS 2 BP 196 EP 211 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2008.05.003 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 399MK UT WOS:000262803800002 PM 20046212 ER PT J AU Jester, R Lefebvre, K Langlois, G Vigilant, V Baugh, K Silver, MW AF Jester, Rozalind Lefebvre, Kathi Langlois, Gregg Vigilant, Veronica Baugh, Keri Silver, Mary W. TI A shift in the dominant toxin-producing algal species in central California alters phycotoxins in food webs SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Alexandrium; Domoic acid; Food web; Paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins; Phytoplankton shift; Pseudo-nitzschia ID DIATOM PSEUDONITZSCHIA-AUSTRALIS; WHOLE-CELL HYBRIDIZATION; DOMOIC ACID; COCHLODINIUM-POLYKRIKOIDES; MONTEREY BAY; CAUSATIVE AGENTS; EMERITA-ANALOGA; SEA LIONS; COAST; MORTALITY AB In California, the toxic algal species of primary concern are the dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella and members of the pennate diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia, both producers of potent neurotoxins that are capable of sickening and killing marine life and humans. During the summer of 2004 in Monterey Bay, we observed a change in the taxonomic structure of the phytoplankton community-the typically diatom-dominated community shifted to a red tide, dinoflagellate-dominated community. Here we use a 6-year time series (2000-2006) to show how the abundance of the dominant harmful algal bloom (NAB) species in the Bay up to that point, Pseudo-nitzschia, significantly declined during the dinoflagellate-dominated interval, while two genera of toxic dinoflagellates, Alexandrium and Dinophysis, became the predominant toxin producers. This change represents a shift from a genus of toxin producers that typically dominates the community during a toxic bloom, to HAB taxa that are generally only minor components of the community in a toxic event. This change in the local HAB species was also reflected in the toxins present in higher trophic levels. Despite the small contribution of A. catenella to the overall phytoplankton community, the increase in the presence of this species in Monterey Bay was associated with an increase in the presence of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins in sentinel shellfish and clupeoid fish. This report provides the first evidence that PSP toxins are present in California's pelagic food web, as PSP toxins were detected in both northern anchovies (Engraulis mordax) and Pacific sardines (Sardinops sagax). Another interesting observation from our data is the co-occurrence of DA and PSP toxins in both planktivorous fish and sentinel shellfish. We also provide evidence, based on the statewide biotoxin monitoring program, that this increase in the frequency and abundance of PSP events related to A. catenella occurred not just in Monterey Bay, but also in other coastal regions of California. Our results demonstrate that changes in the taxonomic structure of the phytoplankton community influences the nature of the algal toxins that move through local food webs and also emphasizes the importance of monitoring for the full suite of toxic algae, rather than just one genus or species. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jester, Rozalind; Vigilant, Veronica; Silver, Mary W.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Langlois, Gregg] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. [Vigilant, Veronica] US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. [Lefebvre, Kathi; Baugh, Keri] NOAA Fisheries, Marine Biotoxins Program, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Jester, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM antrobus@ucsc.edu FU California Program for Regional Enhanced Monitoring for PhycoToxins; NOAA [NA04NOS4780239, NA160C2936, NA040AR4170038, NA40R4600200, NA960P0476]; UC Office of the President Marine Council [03-T-CEQI-07]; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship FX This work was funded by the California Program for Regional Enhanced Monitoring for PhycoToxins (Cal-PReEMPT), NOAA award NA04NOS4780239, as well as NOAA awards NA160C2936, NA040AR4170038, NA40R4600200, NA960P0476 and a UC Office of the President Marine Council award, 03-T-CEQI-07. This material is based on work supported under a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. Special thanks are due to the CDPH volunteers, Cal-PReEMPT team, and crew of the R/V Pt. Lobos who contributed their time to collecting shellfish and/or phytoplankton samples, as well as Vera Trainer of the Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC) for helpful discussions and advice. We also thank Raphael Kudela (UCSC), Stephanie Moore (NWFSC) and an anonymous reviewer who provided insightful and useful comments on the manuscript.[SS] NR 55 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD JAN PY 2009 VL 8 IS 2 BP 291 EP 298 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2008.07.001 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 399MK UT WOS:000262803800013 ER PT J AU Bogdan, TJ AF Bogdan, Thomas J. BE Schrijver, CJ Siscoe, GL TI Introduction to heliophysics SO HELIOPHYSICS: PLASMA PHYSICS OF THE LOCAL COSMOS LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bogdan, TJ (reprint author), NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, DSRC 2C109,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-11061-7 PY 2009 BP 21 EP 41 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BCL69 UT WOS:000310640600003 ER PT J AU Fuller-Rowell, TJ Schrijver, CJ AF Fuller-Rowell, Tim J. Schrijver, Carolus J. BE Schrijver, CJ Siscoe, GL TI On the ionosphere and chromosphere SO HELIOPHYSICS: PLASMA PHYSICS OF THE LOCAL COSMOS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Fuller-Rowell, Tim J.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schrijver, Carolus J.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Fuller-Rowell, TJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-11061-7 PY 2009 BP 324 EP 359 PG 36 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BCL69 UT WOS:000310640600013 ER PT J AU Carls, MG Meador, JP AF Carls, Mark G. Meador, James P. TI A Perspective on the Toxicity of Petrogenic PAHs to Developing Fish Embryos Related to Environmental Chemistry SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); microbial metabolites; toxicity; toxicity assessment model ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; WEATHERED CRUDE-OIL; EXXON-VALDEZ OIL; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; HERRING CLUPEA-PALLASI; EARLY-LIFE STAGES; CYTOCHROME-P4501A INDUCTION; INLAND SILVERSIDES; MENIDIA-BERYLLINA AB Numerous studies demonstrate polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) dissolved from weathered crude oil adversely affect fish embryos at 0.5 to 23 mu/l. This conclusion has been challenged by studies that claim (1) much lower toxicity of weathered aqueous PAHs; (2) direct contact with dispersed oil droplets plays a significant role or is required for toxicity; (3) that uncontrolled factors (oxygen, ammonia, and sulfides) contribute substantively to toxicity; (4) polar compounds produced by microbial metabolism are the major cause of observed toxicity; and (5) that based on equilibrium models and toxic potential, water contaminated with weathered oil cannot be more toxic per unit mass than effluent contaminated with fresh oil. In contrast, several studies demonstrate high toxicity of weathered oil; shifts in PAH composition were consistent with dissolution (not particle ablation), embryos accumulated dissolved PAHs at low concentrations and were damaged, and assumed confounding factors were inconsequential. Consistent with previous empirical observations of mortality and weathering, temporal shifts in PAH composition (oil weathering) indicate that PAHs dissolved in water should (and do) become more toxic per unit mass with weathering because high molecular weight PAHs are more persistent and toxic than the more abundant low molecular weight PAHs in whole oil. C1 [Carls, Mark G.] NOAA Fisheries, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Meador, James P.] NOAA Fisheries, Ecotoxicol & Environm Fish Hlth Program, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Carls, MG (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Sci Ctr, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM mark.carls@noaa.gov NR 63 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 34 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 EI 1549-7860 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PY 2009 VL 15 IS 6 BP 1084 EP 1098 DI 10.1080/10807030903304708 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 536DL UT WOS:000273022500002 ER PT S AU Chisnell, D Bachmann, K Laskowski, S Lowry, S AF Chisnell, Dana Bachmann, Karen Laskowski, Sharon Lowry, Svetlana BE Jacko, JA TI Usability for Poll Workers: A Voting System Usability Test Protocol SO HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION, PT IV: INTERACTING IN VARIOUS APPLICATION DOMAINS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction CY JUL 19-24, 2009 CL San Diego, CA DE usability testing; pass/fail criteria; elections AB In this paper, we discuss our efforts to develop a repeatable test protocol for assessing usability for poll workers-temporary election officials who ensure secure and private voting in voting places. The research described in this paper is part of a larger effort to develop a standard for voting systems. This is the first time that formal and substantial usability requirements as part of a standard for voting systems have been established in the United States. The standard includes requirements for poll worker usability and associated test methods to assess whether a system meets these requirements. The test method described in this paper sets up a protocol and pass/fail criteria for assessing the usability of voting system documentation for poll workers. C1 [Chisnell, Dana; Laskowski, Sharon] UsabilityWorks, 453A Chestnut St, San Francisco, CA 94133 USA. [Bachmann, Karen] Seascape Consulting Inc, Tampa, FL 33635 USA. [Laskowski, Sharon; Lowry, Svetlana] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chisnell, D (reprint author), UsabilityWorks, 453A Chestnut St, San Francisco, CA 94133 USA. EM dana@usabilityworks.net; karen@seaconic.com; sharon.laskowski@nist.gov; llowry@nist.gov FU NIST [SB1341-05-Z-0023-67310] FX Dana Chisnell and Karen Bachmann were funded under NIST contract SB1341-05-Z-0023-67310. The entire team wishes to thank our many reviewers for their valuable feedback on this paper and the many deliverables generated for the research project. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-02582-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2009 VL 5613 BP 458 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BKR83 UT WOS:000269034700050 ER PT J AU van der Velde, R Su, Z Ek, M Rodell, M Ma, Y AF van der Velde, R. Su, Z. Ek, M. Rodell, M. Ma, Y. TI Influence of thermodynamic soil and vegetation parameterizations on the simulation of soil temperature states and surface fluxes by the Noah LSM over a Tibetan plateau site SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE ETA-MODEL; LAND-SURFACE; WATER-BALANCE; HEAT-TRANSFER; LAYER; SENSITIVITY; MOISTURE; CLIMATE; ENERGY; FIELD AB In this paper, we investigate the ability of the Noah Land Surface Model (LSM) to simulate temperature states in the soil profile and surface fluxes measured during a 7-day dry period at a micrometeorological station on the Tibetan Plateau. Adjustments in soil and vegetation parameterizations required to ameliorate the Noah simulation on these two aspects are presented, which include: (1) differentiating the soil thermal properties of top- and subsoils, (2) investigation of the different numerical soil discretizations and (3) calibration of the parameters utilized to describe the transpiration dynamics of the Plateau vegetation. Through the adjustments in the parameterization of the soil thermal properties (STP) simulation of the soil heat transfer is improved, which results in a reduction of Root Mean Squared Differences (RMSD's) by 14%, 18% and 49% between measured and simulated skin, 5-cm and 25-cm soil temperatures, respectively. Further, decreasing the minimum stomatal resistance (R-c,R-min) and the optimum temperature for transpiration (T-opt) of the vegetation parameterization reduces RMSD's between measured and simulated energy balance components by 30%, 20% and 5% for the sensible, latent and soil heat flux, respectively. C1 [van der Velde, R.; Su, Z.] Int Inst Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, NL-7500 AA Enschede, Netherlands. [Ek, M.] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, Suitland, MD USA. [Rodell, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ma, Y.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. RP van der Velde, R (reprint author), Int Inst Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Hengelosestr 99,POB 6, NL-7500 AA Enschede, Netherlands. EM velde@itc.nl RI Su, Z. (Bob)/D-4383-2009; Rodell, Matthew/E-4946-2012; van der Velde, Rogier /K-8623-2013 OI Rodell, Matthew/0000-0003-0106-7437; van der Velde, Rogier /0000-0003-2157-4110 NR 49 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 17 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2009 VL 13 IS 6 BP 759 EP 777 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 464XO UT WOS:000267543200005 ER PT S AU Yeary, M Crain, J Zahrai, A Palmer, R Xue, M Yu, TY Zhang, G Zhang, Y Doviak, R Xu, Q Chilson, P AF Yeary, M. Crain, J. Zahrai, A. Palmer, R. Xue, M. Yu, T. -Y. Zhang, G. Zhang, Y. Doviak, R. Xu, Q. Chilson, P. GP IEEE TI An Update on Multi-Channel Digital Receiver Development for the Phased Array Radar at the National Weather Radar Testbed SO I2MTC: 2009 IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference CY MAY 05-07, 2009 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE Singapore Sect, Singapore Polytechn DE remote sensing; phased array radar; NWRT; atmospheric measurements ID SPACED-ANTENNA INTERFEROMETRY AB This paper describes the beginning states of a new project that will digitize radar signals coming from eight channels on the phased array antenna at the National Weather Radar Testbed (NWRT) in Norman, Oklahoma. At the current time, a single-channel digital receiver is operational to mimic the current capability. The multi-channel digital data will foster a new generation of adaptive/fast scanning techniques and space-antennalinterferometry measurements. which will then be used for improved weather forecasting via data assimilation. Differing from the conventional rotating radar, the phased array is suited for multi-mission capabilities so that a variety of targets may be observed simultaneously with a high degree of fidelity. The development of a multi-channel receiver will be the catalyst and an enabling tool for research in this area for the next decade. This collaborative project, which involves scientists and engineers from the University of Oklahoma and the National Severe Storms Laboratory in Norman, is the result of a recently funded a grant from the National Science Foundation (as described in the Acknowledgement section of this paper). C1 [Yeary, M.; Crain, J.; Yu, T. -Y.; Zhang, Y.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch ECE, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Yeary, M.; Crain, J.; Palmer, R.; Yu, T. -Y.; Zhang, G.; Zhang, Y.; Chilson, P.] Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK USA. [Zahrai, A.; Doviak, R.; Xu, Q.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Palmer, R.; Xue, M.; Zhang, G.; Chilson, P.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK USA. [Xue, M.] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK USA. RP Yeary, M (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch ECE, Norman, OK 73019 USA. FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0723132] FX Partial support for this work was provided by the National Science Foundation, ATM-0723132. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 978-1-4244-3352-0 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2009 BP 906 EP + PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BOO53 UT WOS:000277153600180 ER PT S AU Song, EY Lee, KB AF Song, Eugene Y. Lee, Kang B. GP IEEE TI Service-oriented Sensor Data Interoperability for IEEE 1451 Smart Transducers SO I2MTC: 2009 IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference CY MAY 05-07, 2009 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE Singapore Sect, Singapore Polytechn DE IEEE 1451.0; Interoperability; NCAP; Sensor; Service-oriented Architecture; Smart Transducers; SOA; SOS; STWS; TEDS; TIM; OGC-SWE; Web services ID STANDARD AB This paper describes a service-oriented sensor data interoperability architecture for Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 1451 smart transducers. A sensor data interoperability prototype system based on the proposed architecture is presented. A case study of reading sensor data is provided to illustrate sensor data interoperability between the IEEE 1451 smart transducers and Open Geospatial Consortium Sensor Web Enablement (OGC-SWE) Web services through the Smart Transducer Web Services (STWS). C1 [Song, Eugene Y.; Lee, Kang B.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Song, EY (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8220, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ysong@nist.gov; kang.lee@nist.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 978-1-4244-3352-0 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2009 BP 1016 EP 1021 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BOO53 UT WOS:000277153600202 ER PT S AU Lee, KB Song, EY AF Lee, Kang B. Song, Eugene Y. GP IEEE TI Sensor Alert Web Service for IEEE 1451-Based Sensor Networks SO I2MTC: 2009 IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference CY MAY 05-07, 2009 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE Singapore Sect, Singapore Polytechn DE CAP; IEEE 1451.0; IEEE 1451.5; NCAP; Sensor Alert Notification Consumer Service; Sensor Alert Notification Producer Service; Sensor Alert Web Service; SOAP; TEDS; TIM; WSDL AB This paper describes the Sensor Alert Web Service (SAWS) for the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 1451-based sensor networks developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The SAWS consists of the Sensor Alert Notification Producer Service (SANPS) and Sensor Alert Notification Consumer Service (SANCS). The SANPS and SANCS are described in the Web Service Description Language (WSDL) based on Web Services Notification (WS-Notification). A SAWS prototype system consisting of a SAWS consumer, a SAWS provider, and an IEEE 1451.5-802.11 wireless sensor node is presented in the paper. When a sensor reading exceeds the preset sensor thresholds, the SAWS provider will automatically send to the SAWS consumer a sensor alert message described in the Common Alert Protocol (CAP). A case study of sensor alerts is presented to validate the SAWS system. C1 [Lee, Kang B.; Song, Eugene Y.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, KB (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8220, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kang.lee@nist.gov; ysong@nist.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 978-1-4244-3352-0 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2009 BP 1022 EP 1027 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BOO53 UT WOS:000277153600203 ER PT S AU Wang, YC Lawall, J Pratt, J Gong, B Lee, RD Kim, HJ Yoon, SW AF Wang, Yicheng Lawall, John Pratt, Jon Gong, Bo Lee, Rae Duk Kim, Han Jun Yoon, Sae Won GP IEEE TI Design and 3-D Electric Field Simulation of a Calculable Capacitor SO I2MTC: 2009 IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference CY MAY 05-07, 2009 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE Singapore Sect, Singapore Polytechn DE calculable capacior; interferometers; electric field simulations AB A new calculable capacitor with an operating range of 0.1 pF is being developed at NIST. Reduced uncertainty for displacement measurements, enabled by employing tunable laser based Fabry-Perot interferometers, will allow a considerably more compact design, minimizing errors from mechanical sources. Using 3-D electric field simulations, we have also estimated errors resulting from mechanical imperfections. C1 [Wang, Yicheng; Lawall, John; Pratt, Jon; Gong, Bo] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20874 USA. [Lee, Rae Duk; Kim, Han Jun; Yoon, Sae Won] Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Daejeon, South Korea. RP Wang, YC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20874 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 978-1-4244-3352-0 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2009 BP 1223 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BOO53 UT WOS:000277153600241 ER PT S AU Ralchenko, Y Clark, REH Dubernet, ML Gagarin, S Humbert, D Loboda, PA Moreau, N Roueff, E Schultz, DR AF Ralchenko, Yu. Clark, R. E. H. Dubernet, M. -L. Gagarin, S. Humbert, D. Loboda, P. A. Moreau, N. Roueff, E. Schultz, D. R. BE Zhu, S Yan, J TI Development of new standards for exchange of atomic and molecular data SO ICAMDATA-2008 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Atomic and Molecular Data and Their Applications CY OCT 27-31, 2008 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst Appl Phys & Computat Math, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Chinese Acad Engn Phys, Natl High Tech Inertial Confine Fus Comm DE Atomic; molecular and particle-solid-interaction data; data exchange; Internet; XML schema ID WORKSHOP AB We report on the development of a new standard for exchange of atomic, molecular and particle-surface(solid)-interaction data based on the XML schema (XSAMS). The general structure of XSAMS is discussed, and future directions of XSAMS development are outlined. C1 [Ralchenko, Yu.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ralchenko, Y (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yralchen@nist.gov; r.e.h.clark@iaea.org; marie-lise.dubernet@obspm.fr; D.Humbert@iaea.org; evelyne.roueff@obspm.fr RI Ralchenko, Yuri/B-7687-2011; Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016 OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554 NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0661-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1125 BP 207 EP 216 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Mathematics; Physics GA BJV98 UT WOS:000267286700020 ER PT B AU Sautner, J Fields, J Vavassori, P Unguris, J Metlushko, V AF Sautner, J. Fields, J. Vavassori, P. Unguris, J. Metlushko, V. GP IEEE TI The challenge of integrating magnetic nanostructures into functional 3-D devices SO ICEAA: 2009 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTROMAGNETICS IN ADVANCED APPLICATIONS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA 2009) CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Torino, ITALY AB Most magnetic nano-structures today are ultrathin or nanostructured films and multilayers. The key challenge for the future will be a suitable technology to integrate and to contact nanostructures in a reliable manner. Real devices are truly 3-dimensional structures, particularly where the roughness and shape of the contact lines influences a performance to such an extent that they modify the mechanism of operation. The topography must absolutely be taken into consideration during the design phase. This move towards non-flat device structures requires advanced fabrication, testing, and modeling in realistic 3-D geometries. C1 [Sautner, J.; Fields, J.; Metlushko, V.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 842 W Taylor,RM 3064 ERF, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Vavassori, P.] CIC Nano GUNE, San Sebastian 20018, Spain. [Unguris, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sautner, J (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 842 W Taylor,RM 3064 ERF, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM jsautn2@uic.edu; jfield4@uic.edu; p.vavassori@nanogune.eu; john.unguris@nist.gov; vmetlush@ece.uic.edu RI Unguris, John/J-3989-2014 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3385-8 PY 2009 BP 960 EP 960 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BOY29 UT WOS:000278037600245 ER PT B AU Grossman, EN Dietlein, CR Leivo, M Rautiainen, A Luukanen, A AF Grossman, E. N. Dietlein, C. R. Leivo, M. Rautiainen, A. Luukanen, A. GP IEEE TI Multispectral Terahertz Camera SO ICEAA: 2009 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTROMAGNETICS IN ADVANCED APPLICATIONS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA 2009) CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Torino, ITALY ID GHZ AB We describe a broadband terahertz camera based on a modular 64-element linear array of superconducting hot-spot microbolometers. Unlike many superconducting sensor arrays, the readout for this array is performed entirely by uncooled electronics; no SQUIDs or cryogenic HEMTs are employed. The operating principles for the microbolometer and the readout scheme are described and compared with those of similar superconducting sensors. The camera's design has been optimized for standoff detection, at 8 m range, of objects concealed on the person of individuals. Real-time operation is meant to eliminate the need for individuals being screened to remain stationary, or to cooperate in any other way with the screening operation. C1 [Grossman, E. N.; Dietlein, C. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Leivo, M.; Rautiainen, A.; Luukanen, A.] Millimeter wave Lab Finland, Espoo, Finland. RP Grossman, EN (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM erich.grossman@nist.gov; arttu.luukanen@vtt.fi NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3385-8 PY 2009 BP 1002 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BOY29 UT WOS:000278037600259 ER PT B AU Kopanski, JJ Afridi, MY Jiang, C Richter, CA AF Kopanski, Joseph J. Afridi, M. Yaqub Jiang, Chong Richter, Curt A. GP IEEE TI Test Chip to Evaluate Measurement Methods for Small Capacitances SO ICMTS 2009: 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICROELECTRONIC TEST STRUCTURES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual International Conference on Microelectronic Test Structures CY MAR 30-APR 02, 2009 CL Oxnard, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB We designed and fabricated a test chip to evaluate the performance of new approaches to the measurement of small capacitances (femto-Farads to atto-Farads range). The test chip consists of an array of metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors, metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors, and a series of systematically varying capacitance structures directly accessible by an atomic force microscope probe. Nominal capacitances of the test devices range from 0.3 fF (10(-15) F) to 1.2 pF (10(-12) F). Measurement of the complete array of capacitances by using an automatic probe station produces a "fingerprint" of capacitance values from which, after correction for pad and other stray capacitances, the relative accuracy and sensitivity of a capacitance measurement instrument can be evaluated. C1 [Kopanski, Joseph J.; Afridi, M. Yaqub; Jiang, Chong; Richter, Curt A.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kopanski, JJ (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4259-1 PY 2009 BP 39 EP 42 DI 10.1109/ICMTS.2009.4814606 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BJQ73 UT WOS:000267005000008 ER PT B AU Cresswell, MW Davidson, M Mijares, GI Allen, RA Geist, J Bishop, M AF Cresswell, M. W. Davidson, M. Mijares, G. I. Allen, R. A. Geist, J. Bishop, M. GP IEEE TI Mapping the Edge Roughness of Test-Structure Features for Nanometer-Level CD Reference-Materials SO ICMTS 2009: 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICROELECTRONIC TEST STRUCTURES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual International Conference on Microelectronic Test Structures CY MAR 30-APR 02, 2009 CL Oxnard, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID CALIBRATION AB The near-term objective of the work reported here is to develop a protocol for rapidly mapping CD and edge roughness from high-resolution SEM images of reference-material features patterned on Single-Crystal CD Reference Material (SCCDRM) chips. The longer term mission is to formulate a metric to enable automated characterization of as-fabricated reference-feature segments for rapid identification of fabrication-process enhancements and, ultimately, to select feature segments for further characterization as standard reference-materials. The selection of results presented here provides a new level of SCCDRM characterization which shows that segments of some SCCDRM features appear to have very useful extended lengths of up to 200 nm of superior CD uniformity. C1 [Cresswell, M. W.; Mijares, G. I.; Allen, R. A.; Geist, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Davidson, M.] Spectel Res Corp, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. [Bishop, M.] SEMATECH Int, Austin, TX 78741 USA. RP Cresswell, MW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4259-1 PY 2009 BP 168 EP + DI 10.1109/ICMTS.2009.4814633 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BJQ73 UT WOS:000267005000030 ER PT S AU Elston, J Stachura, M Frew, EW Herzfeld, UC AF Elston, Jack Stachura, Maciej Frew, Eric W. Herzfeld, Ute C. GP IEEE TI Toward Model Free Atmospheric Sensing by Aerial Robot Networks in Strong Wind Fields SO ICRA: 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation CY MAY 12-17, 2009 CL Kobe, JAPAN SP IEEE ID MOBILE SENSOR NETWORKS; PRECIPITATION; MICROPHYSICS; STORMS AB This paper presents a system for in situ atmospheric sensing using an aerial robot system in the presence of a strong wind field. The geostatistical concept of the variogram is used to characterize regions of the environment with high variability, which is assumed to correlate with scientific interest. After regions of interest are identified, ordered upwind methods are used to generate feasible trajectories in the face of strong background wind. The feasible trajectories are combined with the variogram characterization to select feasible paths that travel through the regions of highest interest. The system is tested in simulation using data from a simulated severe storm. C1 [Elston, Jack; Stachura, Maciej; Frew, Eric W.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Herzfeld, Ute C.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Elston, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-4244-2788-8 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2009 BP 3090 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics GA BOB06 UT WOS:000276080401185 ER PT J AU Marbukh, V Sayrafian-Pour, K AF Marbukh, Vladimir Sayrafian-Pour, Kamran BE Gui, X Popescu, M TI Mobile Sensor Networks Self-organization for System Utility Maximization: Work in Progress SO ICWMC: 2009 FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WIRELESS AND MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communications CY AUG 23-29, 2009 CL Cannes, FRANCE DE mobile sensor network; self-organization; utility; lifespan; potential field ID OPTIMIZATION AB This paper reports on work in progress on mobile sensor network self-organization for system utility maximization with system utility being the difference between the aggregate utility of sensor information and penalty associated with sensor battery energy expenditure. We assume that location-dependent marginal utility of each sensor is determined and communicated back to the corresponding sensor by the sensor information access point, where the information streams from all sensors are fused into coherent picture. Self-organization takes place in two time scales: in the fast time scale sensors form and optimize multi-hop Mobile Ad-hoc NETwork (MANET) with sensors cooperating by relaying other sensor information possibly in addition to transmitting their own information. Optimized in the fast time scale system utility determines potential fields and virtual forces guiding sensor repositioning in the slow time scale. C1 [Marbukh, Vladimir; Sayrafian-Pour, Kamran] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Marbukh, V (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD USA. EM marbukh@nist.gov; ksayrafian@nist.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA PY 2009 BP 416 EP 419 DI 10.1109/ICWMC.2009.76 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BND89 UT WOS:000274243600072 ER PT J AU Greegor, RB Parazzoli, CG Nielsen, JA Tanielian, MH Vier, DC Schultz, S Holloway, CL Ziolkowski, RW AF Greegor, R. B. Parazzoli, C. G. Nielsen, J. A. Tanielian, M. H. Vier, D. C. Schultz, S. Holloway, Christopher L. Ziolkowski, Richard W. TI Demonstration of Impedance Matching Using a mu-Negative (MNG) Metamaterial SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Antenna; electrically small; magnetic loop; metamaterial ID ELECTRICALLY SMALL ANTENNAS; REVERBERATION CHAMBERS; REFRACTION LENS; INDEX; PERMITTIVITY AB A mu-negative (MNG) metamaterial hemisphere was used to demonstrate impedance matching for a magnetic loop. The metamaterial was comprised of copper spirals deposited on an alumina substrate. The spirals, hemisphere, and magnetic loop were designed to operate at 450 MHz. The effect of the metamaterial hemisphere was to improve the match of the electrically small loop antenna to the power source impedance increasing the overall radiated power. Results show a 17-dB increase in total radiated power relative to the bare loop. This was lower than anticipated due to losses in the MNG hemisphere. C1 [Greegor, R. B.; Parazzoli, C. G.; Nielsen, J. A.; Tanielian, M. H.] Boeing Phantom Works, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. [Vier, D. C.; Schultz, S.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Holloway, Christopher L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, US Dept Commerce, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ziolkowski, Richard W.] Univ Arizona, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Greegor, RB (reprint author), Boeing Phantom Works, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. EM robert.b.greegor@boeing.com; claudio.g.parazzoli@boeing.com; jean.a.nielsen@boeing.com; dvier@ucsd.edu; sschultz@ucsd.edu; holloway@boulder.nist.gov; zi-olkowski@ece.arizona.edu NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1225 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2009 VL 8 BP 92 EP 95 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2008.2011570 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 463WP UT WOS:000267464400019 ER PT J AU Holloway, CL Kuester, EF Novotny, D AF Holloway, Christopher L. Kuester, Edward F. Novotny, David TI Waveguides Composed of Metafilms/Metasurfaces: The Two-Dimensional Equivalent of Metamaterials SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Generalized sheet transition conditions (GSTC); metafilm; metamaterial; metasurface; polarizability; surface susceptibility; terahertz; waveguides ID METAFILM AB In this letter, we illustrate how metafilms (the two-dimensional equivalents of metamaterials, also referred to as metasurfaces) can be used to design novel waveguiding structures. Metafilm waveguides can be flexible with low material and radiation losses. They are attractive alternatives to traditional core-cladding types of surface waveguides and, as such, could have potential applications at terahertz frequencies. We show comparisons to full-wave numerical results in order to validate first the proposed waveguiding structure and, second, the technique used in the analysis of the waveguide. C1 [Holloway, Christopher L.; Novotny, David] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kuester, Edward F.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Holloway, CL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM holloway@boulder.nist.gov NR 12 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 22 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1225 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2009 VL 8 BP 525 EP 529 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2009.2018123 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 470ZC UT WOS:000268020000013 ER PT J AU Ziolkowski, RW Lin, CC Nielsen, JA Tanielian, MH Holloway, CL AF Ziolkowski, Richard W. Lin, Chia-Ching Nielsen, Jean A. Tanielian, Minas H. Holloway, Christopher L. TI Design and Experimental Verification of a 3D Magnetic EZ Antenna at 300 MHz SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Antenna theory; electrically small antennas; metamaterials; parasitics; quality factors ID ELECTRICALLY SMALL ANTENNAS AB Several variations of a 300-MHz version of the electrically small coax-fed three-dimensional (3D) magnetic EZ antenna were designed and tested. The final version of this low-profile antenna had an electrical size that was ka similar to 0.437 at 300.96 MHz. Nearly complete matching to the 50-Omega source and high overall efficiency (nearly 100%) were achieved. The measured fractional bandwidth was approximately 1.66%. The numerically predicted and the measured results were in good agreement. Comparisons to similar-sized loop antennas that were matched to the source with both custom-made and commercially available, general purpose external matching networks confirm the performance enhancements achieved with this metamaterial-inspired, near-field resonant parasitic antenna. C1 [Ziolkowski, Richard W.; Lin, Chia-Ching] Univ Arizona, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Nielsen, Jean A.; Tanielian, Minas H.] Boeing Res & Technol, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. [Holloway, Christopher L.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Ziolkowski, RW (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM ziolkowski@ece.arizona.edu FU DARPA [HR0011-05-C-0068] FX This work was supported in part by DARPA Contract HR0011-05-C-0068. Part of this effort was U.S. government work, not subject to U. S. copyright. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1536-1225 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2009 VL 8 BP 989 EP 993 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2009.2029708 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 494TT UT WOS:000269841300010 ER PT J AU Gordon, JA Holloway, CL Dienstfrey, A AF Gordon, Joshua A. Holloway, Christopher L. Dienstfrey, Andrew TI A Physical Explanation of Angle-Independent Reflection and Transmission Properties of Metafilms/Metasurfaces SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Brewster angle; generalized sheet transition conditions (GSTC); metafilm; metamaterial; metasurface; reflection coefficient; surface susceptibility ID METAMATERIALS; METAFILM; SURFACE AB In this letter, we illustrate that a metafilm (the two-dimensional equivalent of a metamaterial, also referred to as a metasurface) can be designed to have transmission and reflection properties that are independent of the angle of the incident wave. We show theoretically and discuss physically why this behavior occurs in certain metafilms. We show that by choosing an inclusion with sufficiently strong resonances, the angle dependence of the metafilm becomes negligible. Metafilms operating at microwave frequencies and composed of both lossless and lossy resonant spherical inclusions as well as electrical resonators are investigated. Numerical and spherical-harmonic mode-matching approaches are used to investigate the angular dependence of the reflection properties of these metafilms. Such angular-independent properties can have applications in extending the modes supported in a metafilm waveguide and have direct applications to photonics where, due to fabrication obstacles, optical metamaterials are often limited in construction to single and multiple stacked two-dimensional arrays of plasmonic structures. C1 [Gordon, Joshua A.; Holloway, Christopher L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Dienstfrey, Andrew] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Gordon, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jagordon@boulder.nist.gov NR 18 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 9 U2 47 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1225 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2009 VL 8 BP 1127 EP 1130 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2009.2033216 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 515BI UT WOS:000271440900008 ER PT J AU Lee, AK AF Lee, Ae-Kyoung TI Internal Resistance of Voltage Source by Use of the Finite-Difference Time-Domain Technique SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique; reduction of time-steps; source resistance; voltage drop ID FDTD; ANTENNAS; MODEL AB The introduction of the internal resistance of a voltage source is a very effective method for analyzing the electromagnetic characteristics of antennas and microstrip devices by use of the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique. However, some trial and error may be needed when choosing a resistance value to obtain a stable result. This letter proposes a method to obtain a proper internal resistance of a source voltage in a FDTD code. The key to this method is to choose a resistance value such that the voltage drop due to an internal resistance is less than the amplitude of a voltage source. The reductions of total computation time-steps are shown for various antenna types. C1 [Lee, Ae-Kyoung] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lee, AK (reprint author), Elect & Telecommun Res Inst, Radio Technol Res Dept, Taejon 305700, South Korea. EM aklee@etri.re.kr FU U.S. Department of Commerce; Korea Communications Commission FX Manuscript received August 20, 2009. First published October 16, 2009; current version published November 17, 2009. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Commerce and the Korea Communications Commission. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1536-1225 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2009 VL 8 BP 1194 EP 1197 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2009.2034544 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 521WE UT WOS:000271955900004 ER PT J AU Ziolkowski, RW Jin, P Nielsen, JA Tanielian, MH Holloway, CL AF Ziolkowski, Richard W. Jin, Peng Nielsen, J. A. Tanielian, M. H. Holloway, Christopher L. TI Experimental Verification of Z Antennas at UHF Frequencies SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Antenna efficiency; antenna theory; electrically small antennas (ESAs); metamaterials; parasitics; quality factors ID ELECTRICALLY SMALL ANTENNAS; EFFICIENT AB Both 300- and 570-MHz versions of an electrically small, coaxially fed Z antenna were designed and tested. These two cases demonstrate the ability to change the resonance frequency of the Z antenna by changing the value of its lumped element inductor. The numerically predicted and measured results are in good agreement. C1 [Ziolkowski, Richard W.; Jin, Peng] Univ Arizona, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Nielsen, J. A.; Tanielian, M. H.] Boeing Res & Technol, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. [Holloway, Christopher L.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Ziolkowski, RW (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM ziolkowski@ece.arizona.edu FU DARPA [HR0011-05-C-0068] FX This work was supported in part by DARPA Contract HR0011-05-C-0068. NR 10 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1536-1225 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2009 VL 8 BP 1329 EP 1333 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2009.2038180 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 537DJ UT WOS:000273092900004 ER PT B AU Marbukh, V AF Marbukh, V. GP IEEE TI From Network Microeconomics to Network Infrastructure Emergence SO IEEE INFOCOM 2009 - IEEE CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS WORKSHOPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE INFOCOM Conference 2009 CY APR 19-25, 2009 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL SP IEEE DE network; economics; infrastructure; emergence ID STATISTICAL-MECHANICS AB This paper suggests that evolutionary models of network infrastructure in market economy can be derived from the underlying selfish behavior of users and providers of network services in the same way as non-equilibrium thermodynamics is derived from the underlying statistical physics of interacting particles. This approach may be useful for overcoming restrictions of existing models failing to account for the effect of the details of user/provider selfish behavior on the infrastructure evolutionary path. Network security considerations may be a part of this user/provider behavior. Our main assumption is that "almost perfect competition" keeps the system close to the "social optimum". C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Marbukh, V (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8920, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marbukh@nist.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3968-3 PY 2009 BP 266 EP 271 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BMF50 UT WOS:000272170100045 ER PT S AU Sukharev, J Wang, C Ma, KL Wittenberg, AT AF Sukharev, Jeffrey Wang, Chaoli Ma, Kwan-Liu Wittenberg, Andrew T. BE Eades, P Ertl, T Shen, HW TI Correlation Study of Time-Varying Multivariate Climate Data Sets SO IEEE PACIFIC VISUALIZATION SYMPOSIUM 2009, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium CY APR 20-23, 2009 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Visualizat & Graph Techn Committee, Eurog Assoc DE G.3 [Probability and Statistics]: Multivariate Statistics; G.3 [Probability and Statistics]: Time Series Statistics; J.2 [Physical Sciences and Engineering]: Earth and Atmospheric Sciences ID VISUALIZATION; MODELS AB We present a correlation Study of time-varying multivariate volumetric data sets. In most scientific disciplines, to test hypotheses and discover insights, scientists are interested in looking for connections among different variables, or among different spatial locations within a data field. In response, we propose a suite of techniques to analyze the correlations in time-varying multivariate data. Various temporal curves are utilized to organize the data and capture the temporal behaviors. To reveal patterns and find connections, we perform data clustering and segmentation using the k-means clustering and graph partitioning algorithms. We study the correlation structure of a single or a pair of variables using point-wise correlation coefficients and canonical correlation analysis. We demonstrate our approach using results oil time-varying multivariate climate data sets. C1 [Sukharev, Jeffrey; Wang, Chaoli; Ma, Kwan-Liu] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wittenberg, Andrew T.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Washington, DC 98115 USA. RP Sukharev, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jsukharev@ucdavis.edu; wangcha@cs.ucdavis.edu; ma@cs.ucdavis.edu; andrew.wittenberg@noaa.gov OI Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [CNS- 0716691, OCI-0325934, OCI-0749217, CNS-0551727, CCF-0811422, CCF-0808896, OCI-0749227, OCI-049321]; U.S. Department of Energy through SciDAC program [DE-FC02-06ER25777, DE-FG02-08ER54956] FX This research was supported in part by the U.S. National Science Foundation through grants CNS- 0716691, OCI-0325934, OCI-0749217, CNS-0551727, CCF-0811422, CCF-0808896, OCI-0749227 and OCI-049321, and the U.S. Department of Energy through the SciDAC program with Agreement No. DE-FC02-06ER25777 and DE-FG02-08ER54956. The MatLab toolbox for dimensionality reduction is courtesy of L. J. P. van der Maaten at Universiteit Maastricht in the Netherlands. We thank the reviewers for their helpful comments. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 2165-8765 BN 978-1-4244-4404-5 J9 IEEE PAC VIS SYMP PY 2009 BP 161 EP + DI 10.1109/PACIFICVIS.2009.4906852 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BJQ78 UT WOS:000267007400021 ER PT J AU Jargon, JA Wu, XX Willner, AE AF Jargon, Jeffrey A. Wu, Xiaoxia Willner, Alan E. TI Optical Performance Monitoring Using Artificial Neural Networks Trained With Eye-Diagram Parameters SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Artificial neural network (ANN); chromatic dispersion (CD); eye diagram; optical performance monitoring (OPM); optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR); polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) AB We developed artificial neural network models to simultaneously identify three separate impairments that can degrade optical channels, namely optical signal-to-noise ratio, chromatic dispersion, and polarization-mode dispersion. The neural networks were trained with parameters derived from eye diagrams to create models that can predict levels of concurrent impairments. This method provides a means of monitoring optical performance with diagnostic capabilities. C1 [Jargon, Jeffrey A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wu, Xiaoxia; Willner, Alan E.] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Jargon, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jargon@boulder.nist.gov; xiaoxia@usc.edu; willner@usc.edu FU U.S. Department of Commerce; DARPA CORONET FX Manuscript received May 06, 2008; revised July 01, 2008. First published October 31, 2008; current version published January 05, 2009. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Commerce and by the DARPA CORONET program. NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 21 IS 1-4 BP 54 EP 56 DI 10.1109/LPT.2008.2008447 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 409BB UT WOS:000263480100018 ER PT J AU Young, WF Kuester, EF Holloway, CL AF Young, William F. Kuester, Edward F. Holloway, Christopher L. TI Measurements of Randomly Placed Wireless Transmitters Used as an Array for Receivers Located Within the Array Volume With Application to Emergency Responders SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Ad hoc array; arbitrary array optimization; emergency responder communications; random array ID SCALAR RADIATION; ANTENNA-ARRAYS; OPTIMIZATION; ENVIRONMENT; DIRECTIVITY; GAIN AB Emergency responders often experience poor quality wireless communications due to the complex radio-frequency propagation environment encountered at a typical emergency response location, such as an apartment complex, office building, or other large building structure. Our previous theoretical analysis in conjuction with simulation studies suggests that optimizing arrays of randomly located wireless transmitters can provide a significant increase in the received signal level for a receiver located in the array volume. Here we present experimental results from the application of our initial algorithm in representative complex propagation environments. Several different scenarios are Included in the experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of the optimization approach in an environment that contains a variety of scattering objects. For the various scenarios, we observed at least a 7 dB median gain over it single transmitter when the array consists of four transmitters. C1 [Young, William F.] Univ Colorado, Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Kuester, Edward F.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Holloway, Christopher L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Young, WF (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM wfyoung@sandia.gov NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 57 IS 1 BP 241 EP 247 DI 10.1109/TAP.2008.2009651 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 419VB UT WOS:000264246700026 ER PT J AU Le, KD Palmer, RD Cheong, BL Yu, TY Zhan, GF Torres, SM AF Le, Khoi D. Palmer, Robert D. Cheong, Boon Leng Yu, Tian-You Zhan, Guifu Torres, Sebastian M. TI On the Use of Auxiliary Receive Channels for Clutter Mitigation With Phased Array Weather Radars SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Adaptive arrays; adaptive signal processing; meteorological radar; phased array radar (PAR); radar clutter; radar interference; remote sensing ID NONHYDROSTATIC ATMOSPHERIC SIMULATION; PREDICTION SYSTEM ARPS; VOLUME-IMAGING RADAR; BOUNDARY-LAYER; WIND PROFILER; INTERFEROMETRY; TURBULENCE; REJECTION; DYNAMICS; MODEL AB Phased array radars (PARs) are attractive in weather surveillance primarily because of their capability to electronically steer. When combined with the recently developed beam multiplexing (BMX) technique, these radars can obtain very rapid update scans that are useful in monitoring severe weather. A consequence is that the small number of contiguous samples of the time series obtained can be a challenge for temporal/spectral filters used for clutter mitigation. As a result, the accurate extraction of weather signals can become the limiting performance barrier for PARs that employ BMX in clutter-dominated scattering fields. By exploiting the spatial correlation of the auxiliary channel signals, the effect of clutter contamination can be reduced in these conditions. In this paper, three spatial filtering techniques that used low-gain auxiliary receive channels are presented. The effect of clutter mitigation was studied using numerical simulations of a tornadic environment for changes in signal-to-noise ratio, clutter-to-signal ratio, number of time series samples, varying clutter spectral widths, and maximum weight constraints. Since such data are not currently available from a horizontally pointed phased array weather radar, experimental validation was applied to an existing data set from the turbulent eddy profiler, which is a vertically pointed PAR. Although preliminary, the results show promise for clutter mitigation with extremely short nonuniform sampling. C1 [Le, Khoi D.; Yu, Tian-You] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Le, Khoi D.; Palmer, Robert D.] Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Palmer, Robert D.; Cheong, Boon Leng] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Torres, Sebastian M.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Torres, Sebastian M.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Le, KD (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM khoi@ou.edu FU National Severe Storms Laboratory (NOAA/NSSL) [NA17RJ1227] FX This work wits supported in part by the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NOAA/NSSL) under Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227. NR 51 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2009 VL 47 IS 1 BP 272 EP 284 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2008.2001260 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 392US UT WOS:000262328300007 ER PT J AU Mateu, J Collado, C Orloff, N Booth, JC Rocas, E Padilla, A O'Callaghan, JM AF Mateu, Jordi Collado, Carlos Orloff, Nathan Booth, James C. Rocas, Eduard Padilla, Alberto O'Callaghan, Juan M. TI Third-Order Intermodulation Distortion and Harmonic Generation in Mismatched Weakly Nonlinear Transmission Lines SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE Ferroelectrics; harmonic balance; intermodulation products; nonlinear measurements; nonlinearities; superconductors ID BROAD-BAND PERMITTIVITY; DISTRIBUTED NONLINEARITIES; MICROFLUIDIC CHANNELS; THIN-FILMS; DEVICES; SUPERCONDUCTORS; SIMULATION AB This paper describes a procedure to obtain analytical expressions for the spurious signals generated in nonlinear transmission lines with impedance mismatch when they are subject to small-signals. Using these expressions one can rapidly extract the nonlinear parameters describing the nonlinear effects due to the conductor, L(i) and R(i), such as in superconductors, and/or the nonlinear, parameters due to the dielectric, C (v) and G (v), such as in ferroelectrics. The resulting closed-form expressions have been validated by equivalent circuit simulations. Spurious signal measurements on several coplanar waveguide superconducting and ferroelectric transmission lines have been explained by the use of the resulting closed-form expressions. C1 [Mateu, Jordi; Collado, Carlos; Rocas, Eduard; Padilla, Alberto; O'Callaghan, Juan M.] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Dept Signal Theory & Commun, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. [Mateu, Jordi; Collado, Carlos; Rocas, Eduard; Padilla, Alberto; O'Callaghan, Juan M.] CTTC, Barcelona 08034, Spain. [Orloff, Nathan; Booth, James C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Mateu, J (reprint author), Univ Politecn Cataluna, Dept Signal Theory & Commun, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. EM jmateu@tsc.upc.edu; collado@tsc.upc.edu; orloff@nist.gov; booth@boulder.nist.gov; eduard.rocas@tsc.upc.edu; alberto.padilla@tsc.upc.edu; joano@tsc.upc.edu RI collado, carlos/B-1651-2010; O'Callaghan, Juan /F-6595-2013; mateu, jordi/H-7285-2015 OI collado, carlos/0000-0002-8869-2739; O'Callaghan, Juan /0000-0002-2740-0202; mateu, jordi/0000-0001-9833-9966 NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 EI 1557-9670 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 57 IS 1 BP 10 EP 18 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2008.2009083 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 394ET UT WOS:000262429300002 ER PT J AU Newton, EM Phillips, PJ AF Newton, Elaine M. Phillips, P. Jonathon TI Meta-Analysis of Third-Party Evaluations of Iris Recognition SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART A-SYSTEMS AND HUMANS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st IEEE International Conference on Biometrics - Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS 2007) CY SEP 27-29, 2007 CL Crystal City, VA SP IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc DE Biometrics; face recognition; 3-D face modeling AB We present an approach to identify noncooperative individuals at a distance from a sequence of images, using 3-D face models. Most biometric features (such as fingerprints, hand shape, iris, or retinal scans) require cooperative subjects in close proximity to the biometric system. We process images acquired with an ultrahigh-resolution video camera, infer the location of the subjects' head, use this information to crop the region of interest, build a 3-D face model, and use this 3-D model to perform biometric identification. To build the 3-D model, we use an image sequence, as natural head and body motion provides enough viewpoint variation to perform stereomotion for 3-D face reconstruction. We have conducted experiments on a 2-D and 3-D databases collected in our laboratory. First, we found that metric 3-D face models can be used for recognition by using simple scaling method even though there is no exact scale in the 3-D reconstruction. Second, experiments using a commercial 3-D matching engine suggest the feasibility of the proposed approach for recognition against 3-D galleries at a distance (3, 6, and 9 m). Moreover, we show initial 3-D face modeling results on various factors including head motion, outdoor lighting conditions, and glasses. The evaluation results suggest that video data alone, at a distance of 3 to 9 meters, can provide a 3-D face shape that supports successful face recognition. The performance of 3-D-3-D recognition with the currently generated models does not quite match that of 2-D-2-D. We attribute this to the quality of the inferred models, and this suggests a clear path for future research. C1 [Newton, Elaine M.; Phillips, P. Jonathon] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Newton, EM (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM enewton@nist.gov; jonathon@nist.gov NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1083-4427 J9 IEEE T SYST MAN CY A JI IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Paart A-Syst. Hum. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 39 IS 1 BP 4 EP 11 DI 10.1109/TSMCA.2008.2008210 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 394EV UT WOS:000262429600002 ER PT J AU Rong, B Chen, HH Qian, Y Lu, KJ Hu, RQ Guizani, S AF Rong, Bo Chen, Hsiao-Hwa Qian, Yi Lu, Kejie Hu, Rose Qingyang Guizani, Sghaier TI A Pyramidal Security Model for Large-Scale Group-Oriented Computing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: The Key Management Study SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Group-oriented computing; key management; mobile ad hoc network (MANET); multicast; pyramidal security model ID MULTICAST; TREE; SCHEMES; DIRECTIONS; AGREEMENT; DESIGN AB In mobile ad hoe networks (MANETs), many applications require group-oriented computing among a large number of nodes in an adversarial environment. To deploy these large-scale cooperative applications, secure multicast service must be provided to efficiently and safely exchange data among nodes. The existing literature has extensively studied security protection for a single multicast group, in which all nodes are assumed to have the same security level. However, such an assumption may not be valid in practice because, for many applications, different users can play different roles and thus naturally be classified into multiple security levels. In this paper, we propose a pyramidal security model to safeguard the multisecurity-level information sharing in one cooperation domain. As a prominent feature, a pyramidal security model contains a set of hierarchical security groups and multicast groups. To find an efficient key management solution that covers all the involved multicast groups, we develop the following three schemes for the proposed security model: 1) separated star key graph; 2) separated tree key graph, and 3) integrated tree key graph. Performance comparison demonstrates that the scheme of integrated tree key graph has advantages over its counterparts. C1 [Rong, Bo] Int Inst Telecommun, Montreal, PQ H5A 1K6, Canada. [Chen, Hsiao-Hwa] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Engn Sci, Tainan 701, Taiwan. [Qian, Yi] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lu, Kejie] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Hu, Rose Qingyang] Nortel Networks, Richardson, TX 75082 USA. [Guizani, Sghaier] Qatar Univ, Math & Comp Dept, Doha 2713, Qatar. RP Rong, B (reprint author), Int Inst Telecommun, Montreal, PQ H5A 1K6, Canada. EM bo.rong@ieee.org; hshwchen@ieee.org; yqian@nist.gov; lukejie@ece.uprm.edu; rosehu@ieee.org; sguizani@qu.edu.qa FU United States National Science Foundation (US NSF) [0424546]; US NSF EPSCoR; Taiwan National Science Council [NSC 97-2219-E-006-004] FX Manuscript received July 14, 2007: revised November 24. 2007. January 8. 2008, and March 15, 2008. First published April 18, 2008; current version published January 16, 2009. This work was supported in part by the United States National Science Foundation (US NSF) under Grant 0424546, by US NSF EPSCoR under a startup grant in Puerto Rico, and by the Taiwan National Science Council under Grant NSC 97-2219-E-006-004. The review of this paper was coordinated by Dr. J. Misic. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9545 J9 IEEE T VEH TECHNOL JI IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 58 IS 1 BP 398 EP 408 DI 10.1109/TVT.2008.923666 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Telecommunications; Transportation GA 399CU UT WOS:000262778800036 ER PT S AU Overland, JE AF Overland, James E. BE Nihoul, JCJ Kostianoy, AG TI The case for global warming in the Arctic SO INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE CHANGING ARCTIC AND SUB-ARCTIC CONDITIONS SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Influence of Climate Change on the Changing Arctic and Sub-Arctic Conditions CY MAY 08-10, 2008 CL Liege, BELGIUM SP NATO ID SIMULATIONS AB Attribution of the causes for the recent large changes in the Arctic, including sea ice, temperatures, and biological impacts, is formidable task because it is difficult to separate the signal due to anthropogenic greenhouse gases from the background of large natural climate variability. However, initial observational and modeling evidence of an anthropogenic influence in the Arctic has emerged over the last decade. I address this issue through application of methodological, evidentiary, and performance scientific standards which consist of three parts: is change occurring, which is the most consistent among a range of possible causes, and are these causes predictive? At the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st century Arctic-wide warming is distinctive from the regional patterns of temperature anomalies that were seen earlier in the 20th century. IPCC model simulation results for the 1930s warm and 1960s cold temperature anomalies are consistent with natural climate variability, but all models show the influence of external forcing from greenhouse gases on warm temperature anomalies in the 1990s, and projections for the future. The recent sea ice reduction of summer 2007 Arctic by 40% compared to its 1980s extent is particularly scary and suggests that other surprises may be in store for the Arctic climate system. Sea ice loss appears to be on a fast track relative to consensus projections by IPCC models. This dramatic sea ice reduction was likely caused by a combination of greenhouse gas increases, fortuitous timing in the natural variability of the atmospheric general circulation, and positive feedbacks associated with a reduction in sea ice. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Overland, JE (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM James.E.Overland@noaa.gov NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-1-4020-9458-3 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2009 BP 13 EP 23 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-9460-6_3 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Oceanography GA BJA41 UT WOS:000264132700003 ER PT S AU Nandi, M AF Nandi, Mridul BE Boyd, C Nieto, JG TI Characterizing Padding Rules of MD Hash Functions Preserving Collision Security SO INFORMATION SECURITY AND PRIVACY, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Australasian Conference on Information Security and Privacy CY JUL 01-03, 2009 CL Queensland Univ Technol, Informat Secur Inst, Brisbane, AUSTRALIA SP Res Network Secure Australia HO Queensland Univ Technol, Informat Secur Inst DE MD hash function; padding rule; suffix-free; collision resistant AB This paper characterizes collision preserving padding rules and provides variants of Merkle-Danighrd (MD) which are having less or no overhead costs due to length. We first show that suffix-free property of padding rule is necessary as well as sufficient to preserve the collision security of MD hash function for an arbitrary domain {0, 1}*. Knowing this, we propose a simple suffix-free padding rule padding only log vertical bar M vertical bar bits for a message M, which is less than that of Damgard's and Sarkar's padding rules. We also prove that the length-padding is not absolutely necessary. We show that a simple variant of MD with 10(d)-padding (or any injective padding) is collision resistant provided that the underlying compression function is collision resistant after chopping the last-bit. Finally, we design another variant of MD hash function preserving all three basic security notions of hash functions, namely collision and (2nd) preimage, which is an improvement over a recently designed (SAC-08) three-property preserving hash function. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nandi, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mridul.nandi@gmail.com NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-02619-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2009 VL 5594 BP 171 EP 184 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BKH37 UT WOS:000268100500012 ER PT J AU Abdurashitov, DN Gavrin, VN Matushko, VL Mustafin, MF Shikhin, AA Veretenkin, IE Yants, VE Nico, JS Thompson, AK AF Abdurashitov, D. N. Gavrin, V. N. Matushko, V. L. Mustafin, M. F. Shikhin, A. A. Veretenkin, I. E. Yants, V. E. Nico, J. S. Thompson, A. K. TI A sectioned spectrometer of fast neutrons SO INSTRUMENTS AND EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article AB Development of a capture gated spectrometer on the basis of a liquid organic scintillator doped with enriched (6)Li is discussed. Particular interest is evoked by the good pulse height resolution of the spectrometer for 14-MeV neutrons, which is expected to be very high, similar to 10-15%. This resolution is attained by compensating for the nonlinearity of the light yield in the scintillator owing to the use of separate optically isolated sections, which independently detect scintillations from each recoil proton. The detector is sensitive to fluence rates ranging from 10(-4) to 10(2) cm(-2) s(-1) above a threshold of 500 keV under conditions of uncorrelated gamma-ray background at a level of up to 10(2) s(-1) (E > 100 keV). A pilot model of the detector based on a scintillator without a lithium dopant has been produced and tested. The detector efficiency is governed by the scintillator volume (similar to 1.2 l); for 3-MeV neutrons, its value is 0.2-0.5%. The response of the pilot detector to neutrons from a Pu-alpha-Be source with energies of up to 10 MeV has been measured. Initial testing indicates a low threshold at an similar to 600-keV energy of a recoil proton. A good spectral response is obtained using the criterion that three optical sections of the detector operate at a time. This spectrometer can find application in low-background experiments in basic physics research, as well as in space research and nuclear medicine for measuring the parameters of the neutron flux. C1 [Abdurashitov, D. N.; Gavrin, V. N.; Matushko, V. L.; Mustafin, M. F.; Shikhin, A. A.; Veretenkin, I. E.; Yants, V. E.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow 117312, Russia. [Nico, J. S.; Thompson, A. K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Abdurashitov, DN (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Pr Shestidesyatiletiya Oktyabrya 7A, Moscow 117312, Russia. EM jna@inr.ru RI Abdurashitov, Dzhonrid/B-2206-2014; Yants, Viktor/C-1038-2014 OI Abdurashitov, Dzhonrid/0000-0002-1577-1364; FU American Civil Research and Development Foundation [RP2-2277] FX This work was supported by the American Civil Research and Development Foundation, grant no. RP2-2277. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0020-4412 J9 INSTRUM EXP TECH+ JI Instrum. Exp. Tech. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 52 IS 1 BP 25 EP 32 DI 10.1134/S0020441209010035 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 404NS UT WOS:000263160500003 ER PT S AU Avedisian, CT Cavicchi, RE McEuen, PL Zhou, XJ AF Avedisian, C. Thomas Cavicchi, Richard E. McEuen, Paul L. Zhou, Xinjian BE Sadhal, SS TI Nanoparticles for Cancer Treatment Role of Heat Transfer SO INTERDISCIPLINARY TRANSPORT PHENOMENA: FLUID, THERMAL, BIOLOGICAL, MATERIALS, AND SPACE SCIENCES SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Interdisciplinary Transport Phenomena - Fluid, Thermal, Biological, Materials and Space Sciences CY OCT 14-19, 2007 CL Univ SE Calif/Rostislaw Kaichew Inst Phys Chem, Bansko, BULGARIA SP Bulgarian Acad Sci, US Natl Sci Fdn HO Univ SE Calif/Rostislaw Kaichew Inst Phys Chem DE cancer; nanoparticles; laser treatment; denaturation; thermal therapeutics; heat transfer ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; PHOTOTHERMAL THERAPY; METAL NANOPARTICLES; CELLS; TIME; NANOCLUSTERS; DESTRUCTION; TEMPERATURE; RELAXATION AB An overview is presented of an approach for treating cancer that uses nanoparticles to deliver heat to diseased areas after absorbing energy from a laser of the appropriate wavelength. The implications are discussed of the relationship of parameters necessary to raise the temperature to therapeutically beneficial levels. Tight focusing is required for a continuous-wave laser to sufficiently heat individual nanoparticles because of heat loss to the surrounding fluid during the period of exposure. The natural thermal confinement of pulse lasers minimizes this effect because of the finite thermal diffusion time, which restricts the absorbed energy to a region around the particle, that offers the potential for achieving high temperatures that can promote phase change on the surface of a nanoparticle or even melting of the particle. A discussion of a way to potentially measure temperature on the scale of an individual nanoparticle is included based on using a single-walled nanotube (SWNT) of carbon as a thermistor. The challenges of this undertaking are that SWNTs do not always follow Ohm's law, they may exhibit metallic or semiconductor behavior with an often unpredictable result in manufacturing, and no two SWNTs behave identically, which necessitates calibration for each SWNT Some results are presented that show the electrical characteristics of SWNTs and their potential for exploitation in this application. C1 [Avedisian, C. Thomas] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Cavicchi, Richard E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Sensing Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [McEuen, Paul L.; Zhou, Xinjian] Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Avedisian, CT (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Upson & Grumman Halls, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM cta2@cornell.edu FU New York State Office of Science, Technology FX This work was supported by the New York State Office of Science, Technology, and Academic Research with Dr. Kelvin Lee as the Director. We thank.Dr.,Joseph 'I: Hodges for providing a Mie scattering prediction of the absorption cross section of a gold nanosphere and Dr. Leonard Pease for providing the gold nanofluid solutions. The laboratory assistance of Mr. Johannes Kutten is acknowledged. We also thank Dr. Michael J. Tarlov of the National Institute of Standards and Technology for his interest in our work. NR 53 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN STREET, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-712-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2009 VL 1161 BP 62 EP 73 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04090.x PG 12 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Biophysics; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BJI88 UT WOS:000266236000005 PM 19426306 ER PT S AU Fahnenstiel, G Hong, Y Millie, D Doblin, M Johengen, T Reid, D AF Fahnenstiel, G. Hong, Y. Millie, D. Doblin, M. Johengen, T. Reid, D. BE Jones, J TI Marine dinoflagellate cysts in the ballast tank sediments of ships entering the Laurentian Great Lakes SO INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY, VOL 30, PT. 7, PROCEEDINGS SE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Congress of the International-Association-of-Theoretical-and-Applied-Limnology CY AUG 12-18, 2007 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Int Assoc Theoret & Appl Limnol DE harmful algae; NOBOB; non-indigenous species ID WATER; TRANSPORT C1 [Fahnenstiel, G.] NOAA, GLERL, Lake Michigan Field Stn, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. RP Fahnenstiel, G (reprint author), NOAA, GLERL, Lake Michigan Field Stn, 1431 Beach St, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. RI Doblin, Martina/E-8719-2013 OI Doblin, Martina/0000-0001-8750-3433 NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0368-0770 BN 978-3-510-54078-5 J9 INT VER THEOR ANGEW PY 2009 VL 30 BP 1035 EP 1038 PG 4 WC Limnology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BKR97 UT WOS:000269050500012 ER PT J AU Arguez, A O'Brien, JJ Smith, SR AF Arguez, Anthony O'Brien, James J. Smith, Shawn R. TI Air temperature impacts over Eastern North America and Europe associated with low-frequency North Atlantic SST variability SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SST; North Atlantic; NAO; AMO; AO; temperature impacts ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; INTERDECADAL VARIATIONS; OSCILLATION; TRENDS; ANOMALIES; PACIFIC; WINTER AB Air temperature anomalies over eastern North America and Europe are analysed during the extreme phases of the two leading low-frequency modes of North Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) during the 1906-2005 period. The leading mode of SST is a multi-decadal signal - commonly referred to as the Atlantic multi-decadal oscillation - with uniform polarity over the North Atlantic. Air temperature anomalies over the eastern United States and Northern Europe during extreme phases of this mode are of the same sign as the corresponding SST anomalies. The most intense air temperature impacts occur in summer months. The second mode exhibits considerable spectral energy in the quasi-decadal (similar to 12 year) range. The spatial signature and associated and air temperature anomalies of mode 2 are strongly correlated with both SST and land temperature impacts of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Copyright (C) 2008 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Arguez, Anthony] NOAA, NCDC, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [O'Brien, James J.; Smith, Shawn R.] Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL USA. RP Arguez, A (reprint author), NOAA, NCDC, CAB 514,151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM Anthony.Arguez@noaa.gov FU Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies; NOAA's Office of Global Programs; American Meteorological Society; Dyn-Corp Information Systems; Florida State University Office of Graduate Studies; NASA Earth Science Enterprise; Office of Biological and Environmental Research, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AI02-96ER62276] FX Primary funding for this work was obtained from the Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies, which receives its base funding from NOAA's Office of Global Programs. The American Meteorological Society, Dyn-Corp Information Systems, the Florida State University Office of Graduate Studies, and NASA Earth Science Enterprise provided additional support. Additional thanks go to R. Reynolds, T. Houston, R. Vose, B. Rodriguez de Fonseca, and several anonymous reviewers for their valuable advice. Partial support for this work was provided by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research, U.S. Department of Energy (Grant number DE-AI02-96ER62276 NR 48 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 14 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0899-8418 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 29 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1002/joc.1700 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 393QE UT WOS:000262387000001 ER PT J AU Vujasinovic, M Ivezic, N Kulvatunyou, B Barkmeyer, E Missikoff, M Taglino, F Marjanovic, Z Miletic, I AF Vujasinovic, M. Ivezic, N. Kulvatunyou, B. Barkmeyer, E. Missikoff, M. Taglino, F. Marjanovic, Z. Miletic, I. TI A semantic-mediation architecture for interoperable supply-chain applications SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE semantic-mediation architecture; supply-chain interoperability; ontologies; standards-based interoperability ID FRAMEWORK; ONTOLOGY AB This paper presents a semantic-mediation architecture that enables standards-based interoperability between heterogeneous supply-chain applications. The architecture was implemented using a state-of-the-art semantic-mediation toolset for design-time and run-time integration tasks. The design-time tools supported a domain ontology definition, message annotations, message schema transformations and reconciliation rules specifications. The run-time tools performed exchanges, transformations, and reconciliations of the messages. The architecture supports a supply-chain integration scenario where heterogeneous automotive manufacturing supply-chain applications exchange inventory information. C1 [Vujasinovic, M.; Ivezic, N.; Kulvatunyou, B.; Barkmeyer, E.] NIST, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Missikoff, M.; Taglino, F.] CNR, IASI, Lab Enterprise Knowledge & Syst, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Marjanovic, Z.; Miletic, I.] Univ Belgrade, Fac Org Sci, Belgrade 11000, Serbia. RP Vujasinovic, M (reprint author), NIST, Mfg Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marko.vujasinovic@nist.gov NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0951-192X J9 INT J COMPUT INTEG M JI Int. J. Comput. Integr. Manuf. PY 2009 VL 22 IS 6 BP 549 EP 561 AR PII 911462579 DI 10.1080/09511920802616781 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 448EP UT WOS:000266246200006 ER PT J AU Shin, J Kim, J Ivezic, N AF Shin, Junho Kim, Jaewook Ivezic, Nenad TI Application information mapping test: An efficient content-level semantic equivalence test procedure for B2B integration SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE B2B interoperability; content-level test; application information mapping test; efficient and robust test procedure AB This paper describes the Application Information Mapping Test (AIMT) - a type of content-level test procedure for Business-to-Business (B2B) integration across enterprises. The goal of AIMT is to assure that the semantics of a B2B message element are interpreted by the system under test (SUT) according to the element's intended meaning. AIMT provides this assurance by verifying that the element values are correctly processed, stored, and utilised by the SUT to reflect that intended meaning. This paper discusses the AIMT methodology for test development and test execution, which is based on our experience to provide a self-testing capability in a B2B-interoperability project for automotive industry. In particular, we propose an efficient and robust test procedure for AIMT which reduces the time-consuming manual steps and prevents mapping errors. This procedure also proposes a minimum set of test trials by considering practical message constraints of industrial environments. A simulation experiment is presented and results are analysed with respect to the effectiveness of the approach. C1 [Shin, Junho; Kim, Jaewook; Ivezic, Nenad] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Shin, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM junho.shin@nist.gov FU Korean Government (MOEHRD) [KRF-2007-357-D00280] FX This work was supported by the Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD). (KRF-2007-357-D00280). NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0951-192X J9 INT J COMPUT INTEG M JI Int. J. Comput. Integr. Manuf. PY 2009 VL 22 IS 10 BP 976 EP 986 DI 10.1080/09511920903030361 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 509RG UT WOS:000271035300006 ER PT J AU Adrianto, I Trafalis, TB Lakshmanan, V AF Adrianto, Indra Trafalis, Theodore B. Lakshmanan, Valliappa TI Support vector machines for spatiotemporal tornado prediction SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE support vector machines; tornado prediction; fuzzy logic ID DETECTION ALGORITHM AB The use of support vector machines (SVMs) for predicting the location and time of tornadoes is presented. In this paper, we extend the work by Lakshmanan et al. ( Proceedings of 2005 IEEE international joint conference on neural networks ( Montreal, Canada), 3, 2005a, 1642-1647) to use a set of 33 storm days and introduce some variations that improve the results. The goal is to estimate the probability of a tornado event at a particular spatial location within a given time window. We utilize a least-squares methodology to estimate shear, quality control of radar reflectivity, morphological image processing to estimate gradients, fuzzy logic to generate compact measures of tornado possibility and SVM classification to generate the final spatiotemporal probability field. On the independent test set, this method achieves a Heidke's skill score of 0.60 and a critical success index of 0.45. C1 [Adrianto, Indra; Trafalis, Theodore B.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Ind Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Lakshmanan, Valliappa] Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Lakshmanan, Valliappa] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Adrianto, I (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Ind Engn, 202 W Boyd,Room 124, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM adrianto@ou.edu; ttrafalis@ou.edu; lakshman@ou.edu RI Adrianto, Indra/D-4214-2013; OI Adrianto, Indra/0000-0002-9973-3057; Trafalis, Theodore/0000-0001-6740-6337 FU National Science Foundation [EIA-0205628]; NOAA-OU [NA17RJ1227] FX The authors would like to thank Dr Cihan H. Dagli, the Editor-in-Chief of this journal, and two anonymous referees for comments that greatly improved the paper. Funding for this research was provided under the National Science Foundation Grant EIA-0205628 and NOAA-OU Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-1079 J9 INT J GEN SYST JI Int. J. Gen. Syst. PY 2009 VL 38 IS 7 BP 759 EP 776 DI 10.1080/03081070601068629 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Ergonomics SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 518AW UT WOS:000271663200004 ER PT J AU Reid, ACE Lua, RC Garcia, RE Coffman, VR Langer, SA AF Reid, Andrew C. E. Lua, Rhonald C. Garcia, R. Edwin Coffman, Valerie R. Langer, Stephen A. TI Modelling Microstructures with OOF2 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATERIALS & PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE finite element; microstructure AB OOF2 is a program designed to compute the properties and local behaviour of material microstructures, starting from a two-dimensional representation, an image, of arbitrary geometrical complexity. OOF2 uses the finite element method to resolve the local behaviour of a material, and is designed to be used by materials scientists with little or no computational background. It can solve for a wide range of physical phenomena and can be easily extended. This paper is an introduction to some of its most basic and important features. C1 [Reid, Andrew C. E.; Langer, Stephen A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lua, Rhonald C.; Coffman, Valerie R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Garcia, R. Edwin] Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Langer, SA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8910, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andrew.reid@nist.gov; rhonald.lua@nist.gov; redwing@purdue.edu; valerie.coffman@nist.gov; stephen.langer@nist.gov RI Coffman, Valerie/B-6494-2009 FU Penn State University; NSF [DMR-0205232] FX The authors would like to thank Seung-III Haan for his contributions to the OOF2 code. Rhonald Lua is supported by the Penn State University MatCASE project, which is funded by NSF ITR research grant DMR-0205232. NR 3 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 9 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0268-1900 J9 INT J MATER PROD TEC JI Int. J. Mater. Prod. Technol. PY 2009 VL 35 IS 3-4 BP 361 EP 373 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 459WB UT WOS:000267142000009 ER PT J AU Chand, TRK Badarinath, KVS Elvidge, CD Tuttle, BT AF Chand, T. R. Kiran Badarinath, K. V. S. Elvidge, C. D. Tuttle, B. T. TI Spatial characterization of electrical power consumption patterns over India using temporal DMSP-OLS night-time satellite data SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID IMAGERY; POPULATION AB Changes in electric power consumption patterns of a country over a period of time reflect on its socio-economic development and energy utilization processes. In the present study, we characterized spatial and temporal changes in electric power consumption patterns over India during 1993 to 2002, using 'night-time lights' data given by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-Operational Line Scan System (DMSP-OLS) over the Indian region. The OLS operates in two bands: visible (0.5-0.9m) and thermal (10.5-12.5m) and has a unique capability of picking up faint sources of visible-near infrared emissions (lights) at night on the Earth's surface including cities, towns and villages with a DN value ranging from 1 to 63. Night-time light images for cloud-free dates given by the DMSP-OLS from 1993 to 2002 were segregated into respective years and were integrated to generate one 'Stable light image' per year. Changes in light scenarios over the Indian region in the decadal time frame were studied using stable lights datasets from 1993 to 2002. Information on changes in the light scenarios was integrated with demographic data to characterize developments in major cities and states of India. Results of the study suggested an increase in population by 170million and power consumption from 44962millionkWh to 306355millionkWh over the country during 1993-2002, which was associated with an overall increase in number of night-time lights of up to 26% in all states, indicating development in electric power consumption patterns. Correlation analysis between increase in population to the increase in night-time lights and electric power consumption showed a coefficient of determination, R 2, of 0.59 and 0.56 respectively. Increase in light intensities along the peripheries of major Indian cities was observed, which indicated increased stress on the cities and corresponding development in power consumption patterns during the decadal time frame. Certain states, however, showed a decrease in night-time lights in some areas, which are primarily attributed to the decreased economic growth trend and poverty and accounted to the scatter observed in the correlation analysis. Results are discussed in the paper. C1 [Chand, T. R. Kiran; Badarinath, K. V. S.] Govt India, Dept Space, Natl Remote Sensing Agcy, Atmospher Sci Sect, Hyderabad 500037, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Elvidge, C. D.] NOAA NESDIS Natl Geophys Data Ctr E GC2, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Tuttle, B. T.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Badarinath, KVS (reprint author), Govt India, Dept Space, Natl Remote Sensing Agcy, Atmospher Sci Sect, Hyderabad 500037, Andhra Pradesh, India. EM badrinath_kvs@nrsa.gov.in RI Elvidge, Christopher/C-3012-2009 FU ISRO-GBP FX Authors are grateful to the Director and Dy. Director (RS&GIS-AA), NRSA, Hyderabad for their encouragement and ISRO-GBP for funding support. NR 10 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 33 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2009 VL 30 IS 3 BP 647 EP 661 AR PII 909671547 DI 10.1080/01431160802345685 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 421CS UT WOS:000264336100007 ER PT J AU Dong, P Weng, FZ Liu, QH Xue, JS AF Dong, Peiming Weng, Fuzhong Liu, Quanhua Xue, Jishan TI Deriving infrared land surface emissivity from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID RETRIEVAL; IMAGER AB A multiregression technique was developed for deriving infrared land surface emissivity from a set of microwave emissivities. By removing the atmospheric contribution to Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) observations, the microwave land surface emissivity can be obtained by using the SSMIS window channel signatures and the surface temperature. High correlation between the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land surface infrared emissivity product and the set of microwave emissivities was found. The experimental results show that single-channel microwave-infrared regressions do not work but multiple microwave channels can describe much of the infrared variability. The derived infrared land surface emissivity agrees with the MODIS land surface emissivity in general. The method can be used to compute infrared land surface emission at both clear and very cloudy conditions. Large variability in the infrared surface emissivity is found over desert regions. The change in the infrared emissivity over the Saharan, Mongolian and Australian deserts is due to the different materials of the deserts. C1 [Dong, Peiming; Xue, Jishan] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Weng, Fuzhong; Liu, Quanhua] NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20476 USA. [Weng, Fuzhong] Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD 20476 USA. [Liu, Quanhua] QSS Grp Inc, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Dong, P (reprint author), Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, 46 Zhongguancun S Ave, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM dongpm@cams.cma.gov.cn RI Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010; Liu, Quanhua/B-6608-2008 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179; Liu, Quanhua/0000-0002-3616-351X FU NOAA/NESDIS/Office of Research and Applications; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40775027]; National Key Scientific Programme of China [2001BA607B] FX This study was supported by funding from the NOAA/NESDIS/Office of Research and Applications and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 40775027) and the National Key Scientific Programme of China (Grant no. 2001BA607B). NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2009 VL 30 IS 8 BP 2021 EP 2031 AR PII 910861291 DI 10.1080/01431160802549203 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 439SA UT WOS:000265646100010 ER PT J AU Lunetta, RS Knight, JF Paerl, HW Streicher, JJ Peierls, BL Gallo, T Lyon, JG Mace, TH Buzzelli, CP AF Lunetta, Ross S. Knight, Joseph F. Paerl, Hans W. Streicher, John J. Peierls, Benjamin L. Gallo, Tom Lyon, John G. Mace, Thomas H. Buzzelli, Christopher P. TI Measurement of water colour using AVIRIS imagery to assess the potential for an operational monitoring capability in the Pamlico Sound Estuary, USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID NEUSE RIVER ESTUARY; NORTH-CAROLINA; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; CHLOROPHYLL-A; COASTAL WATERS; UNITED-STATES; PHYTOPLANKTON; MATTER; MODIS; HPLC AB The monitoring of water colour parameters can provide an important diagnostic tool for the assessment of aquatic ecosystem condition. Remote sensing has long been used to effectively monitor chlorophyll concentrations in open ocean systems; however, operational monitoring in coastal and estuarine areas has been limited because of the inherent complexities of coastal systems, and the coarse spectral and spatial resolutions of available satellite systems. Data were collected using the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Advanced Visible-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) flown at an altitude of approximately 20000m to provide hyperspectral imagery and simulate both MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) data. AVIRIS data were atmospherically corrected using a radiative transfer modelling approach and analysed using band ratio and linear regression models. Regression analysis was performed with simultaneous field measurements data in the Neuse River Estuary (NRE) and Pamlico Sound on 15 May 2002. Chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentrations were optimally estimated using AVIRIS bands (9.5nm) centred at 673.6 and 692.7nm, resulting in a coefficient of determination (R 2) of 0.98. Concentrations of Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM), Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Fixed Suspended Solids (FSS) were also estimated, resulting in coefficients of determination of R 2=0.90, 0.59 and 0.64, respectively. Ratios of AVIRIS bands centred at or near those corresponding to the MERIS and MODIS sensors indicated that relatively good satellite-based estimates could potentially be derived for water colour constituents at a spatial resolution of 300 and 500m, respectively. C1 [Lunetta, Ross S.; Streicher, John J.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Paerl, Hans W.; Peierls, Benjamin L.; Gallo, Tom; Buzzelli, Christopher P.] Univ N Carolina Chapel Hill, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Lyon, John G.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Mace, Thomas H.] US Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Off Associate Director Operat, Dryden Flight Res Ctr, Edwards AFB, CA 93523 USA. RP Lunetta, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lunetta.ross@epa.gov FU U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [82867701]; NASA's Earth Sciences Enterprise, Applications Division FX The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) partially funded and partially conducted the research described in this paper. Although this work was reviewed by the EPA and has been approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. Mention of any trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This research was partially conducted under EPA Cooperative Agreement no. 82867701 and was partially supported by NASA's Earth Sciences Enterprise, Applications Division. NR 55 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2009 VL 30 IS 13 BP 3291 EP 3314 AR PII 913254942 DI 10.1080/01431160802552801 PG 24 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 474IS UT WOS:000268277600001 ER PT J AU Li, XF Zheng, WZ Pichel, WG Zou, CZ Clemente-Colon, P Maturi, E AF Li, Xiaofeng Zheng, Weizhong Pichel, W. G. Zou, Cheng-Zhi Clemente-Colon, P. Maturi, E. TI Multisatellite observations and numerical simulation of an along-coast cumulus cloud line induced by sea-breeze circulation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID AGULHAS CURRENT; BOUNDARY-LAYER; UNITED-STATES; CONVECTION; PARAMETERIZATION; SENSITIVITY; ATLANTIC; MODEL AB A coastal cumulus cloud-line formation along the east coast of the USA was observed on a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellite (POES) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) satellite image from 17 August 2001. The cloud line starts to form at about 16: 00 UTC (local 12: 00 noon) and follows the coastline from Florida to North Carolina. The length and width of the cloud line are about 850 km and 8.5 km, respectively. A 15-min interval sequence of NOAA Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) images shows that the cloud line maintains the shape of the coastline and penetrates inland for more than 20km over the next 6-h timespan. Model simulation with actual atmospheric conditions as inputs shows that the cloud line is formed near the land-sea surface temperature (SST) gradient. The synoptic flow at all model levels is in the offshore direction prior to 16: 00 UTC whereas low-level winds (below 980 hPa) reverse direction to blow inland after 16: 00 UTC. This reversal is due to the fact that local diurnal heating over the land takes place on shorter time-scales than over the ocean. The vertical wind at these levels becomes stronger as the land-SST increases during the summer afternoon, and the leading edge of the head of the inland wind ascends from 920 hPa to about 850 hPa in the 3 h after 16: 00 UTC. Model simulation and satellite observations show that the cloud line becomes very weak after 21: 00 UTC when the diurnal heating decreases. C1 [Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA, IMSG, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Zheng, Weizhong] NOAA, NCEP, EMC, Camp Springs, MD 20706 USA. [Pichel, W. G.; Zou, Cheng-Zhi; Clemente-Colon, P.; Maturi, E.] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Li, XF (reprint author), NOAA, IMSG, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Xiaofeng.Li@noaa.gov RI Clemente-Colon, Pablo/F-5581-2010; Zou, Cheng-Zhi/E-3085-2010; Maturi, Eileen/F-5611-2010; Pichel, William/F-5619-2010; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Pichel, William/0000-0001-6332-0149; Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 FU NOAA FX We acknowledge support from the NOAA Ocean Remote Sensing Program. The wind and air temperature and CLKN7 were downloaded from the NOAA/NODC website at www.ndbc.noaa.gov/. Suggestions and comments from two anonymous reviewers are greatly appreciated. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U. S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2009 VL 30 IS 14 BP 3573 EP 3584 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 483WO UT WOS:000269003100001 ER PT J AU Yang, SK Long, CS Miller, AJ He, XM Yang, YW Wuebbles, DJ Tiao, G AF Yang, Shi-King Long, C. S. Miller, A. J. He, Xuming Yang, Yunwen Wuebbles, D. J. Tiao, George TI Modulation of natural variability on a trend analysis of the updated cohesive SBUV(/2) total ozone SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID OSCILLATION; RECOVERY AB Utilizing the series of Solar Backscattered Ultraviolet (SBUV) instruments, total ozone measurements from the NASA/Nimbus-7 and the operational NOAA polar orbiting satellites, the NOAA/Climate Prediction Center has compiled a long term 'cohesive' SBUV(/2) total ozone dataset. The compilations are aimed at achieving a level of quality suitable for trend analysis. The zonal dataset starts in 1979, and extends to 2007. This paper provides an update of the statistical analysis of the above dataset to examine the impact of the Montreal Protocol and its later revisions. The traditional statistical time series trend, or hockey-stick algorithm, is applied to this cohesive total ozone dataset. The algorithm allows for a change in trend in January 1996. Specifically, we examine the net slope post 1996 to see if it is both positive and statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. Our results indicate the following: (1) For 45 degrees N the net slope after 1996, while positive, is not statistically significant at the 95% level of confidence. Thus, we cannot state that the ozone is actually increasing in this area. (2) For 45 degrees S the net slope remains negative, but not statistically significant at the 95% level of confidence. For this region it appears that the best we can state is that the ozone may be levelling off. Our results do indicate, however, that the ozone variability in the southern hemisphere is impacted by the Antarctic oscillation much like the northern hemisphere is impacted by the Arctic oscillation, suggesting a real linkage of these terms. (3) For the integrated domain of 50 degrees N-50 degrees S, the averaging process diminishes greatly the standard errors of the terms. The result is that the net slope for the integrated domain is + 1.24% per decade and is statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. Also, the solar coefficient is statistically significant indicating a tropical dominance of this effect. C1 [Yang, Shi-King] Wyle Informat Syst, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Yang, Shi-King; Long, C. S.; Miller, A. J.] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [He, Xuming; Yang, Yunwen; Wuebbles, D. J.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Tiao, George] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Yang, SK (reprint author), Wyle Informat Syst, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. EM sk.yang@noaa.gov FU NASA [L16260]; NSF [DMS-0724752] FX The authors would like to thank Dr Airong Cai for assisting with the algorithm, and Dr Shuntai Zhou and Mr Roger Lin for providing ancillary data. The comments from the reviewers are appreciated. SKY is partially supported by NASA CERES-II Project-L16260. XH, YY, and DJW are partially supported by NSF Grant DMS-0724752. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2009 VL 30 IS 15-16 BP 3975 EP 3986 DI 10.1080/01431160902821924 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 483WV UT WOS:000269004200012 ER PT J AU Hofmann, DJ Johnson, BJ Oltmans, SJ AF Hofmann, D. J. Johnson, B. J. Oltmans, S. J. TI Twenty-two years of ozonesonde measurements at the South Pole SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB Since 1986, the Earth System Research Laboratory and its predecessors have been making weekly balloon ozone soundings at the South Pole Station in Antarctica. During the springtime ozone hole period, the sounding frequency is increased to 2-3 per week. The 2007 springtime minimum total column ozone at South Pole was 125 Dobson units, with the layer between 14 and 21 km showing a typical 95% loss of ozone. In contrast, the 2006 minimum total column ozone was 93 Dobson units and showed 99% ozone destruction in the 14-21 km layer. Owing to variations in meteorology and stability of the polar vortex, year to year variations in the severity of the ozone hole of this magnitude are expected. Analysis of the ozone loss rate in September indicates large interannual variability suggesting a dynamic component. Detailed analysis of the 22-year record is used to search for early signs of the beginning of ozone hole recovery. The conclusion is that up to the year 2007, no definitive signs of the beginning of ozone hole recovery have been detected at South Pole Station. C1 [Hofmann, D. J.; Johnson, B. J.; Oltmans, S. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hofmann, D. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. RP Hofmann, DJ (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM David.J.Hofmann@noaa.gov NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2009 VL 30 IS 15-16 BP 3995 EP 4008 DI 10.1080/01431160902821932 PG 14 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 483WV UT WOS:000269004200014 ER PT J AU Evans, R McConville, G Oltmans, S Petropavlovskikh, I Quincy, D AF Evans, R. McConville, G. Oltmans, S. Petropavlovskikh, I. Quincy, D. TI Measurement of internal stray light within Dobson ozone spectrophotometers SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB The Dobson ozone spectrophotometer is the primary ground-based instrument making measurements of total column ozone. Knowledge of the ozone layer prior to the satellite measurements is derived from these instruments' more than 80-year record. Internal stray light within the instrument limits its ability to make accurate measurements at high total ozone amounts and high solar zenith angles (SZAs). Additionally, a recent analysis of comparative Dobson observations of the Umkehr effect (an SZA-dependent series of measurements on the clear zenith that are used to produce an ozone vertical profile) has shown that internal stray light produces incompatible results between compared instruments. We present a method of making a measurement of this internal stray light, as well as other approaches to evaluating the approximate level of the internal stray light. These techniques can also be used to improve the results of direct Sun observations at high latitudes and high ozone. C1 [Evans, R.; Oltmans, S.] NOAA, OAR, ERSL, Climate Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [McConville, G.; Petropavlovskikh, I.; Quincy, D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Evans, R (reprint author), NOAA, OAR, ERSL, Climate Monitoring Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Robert.d.evans@noaa.gov NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2009 VL 30 IS 15-16 BP 4247 EP 4258 DI 10.1080/01431160902825057 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 483WV UT WOS:000269004200033 ER PT J AU Flynn, LE McNamara, D Beck, CT Petropavlovskikh, I Beach, E Pachepsky, Y Li, YP Deland, M Huang, LK Long, CS Tiruchirapalli, R Taylor, S AF Flynn, L. E. McNamara, D. Beck, C. T. Petropavlovskikh, I. Beach, E. Pachepsky, Y. Li, Y. P. Deland, M. Huang, L. -K. Long, C. S. Tiruchirapalli, R. Taylor, S. TI Measurements and products from the Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet (SBUV/2) and Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) instruments SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID TOMS AB This paper presents an overview of the state of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellite ozone programme including assessments of the current Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet (SBUV/2) and the future Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) instruments and products. It provides evaluation of the quality of the NOAA Polar-orbiting Operational Satellites (POES) SBUV/2 measurements and the Version 8 algorithm products, both for operational and reprocessed data records. The presentation summarizes work on the instrument calibration and characterization; the algorithm theory and implementation; and the information content, quality and validation of the ozone estimates. This is followed by similar information on the measurements and products expected from the OMPS on the National Polar Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) and NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP) beginning in 2011. C1 [Flynn, L. E.; Beach, E.; Pachepsky, Y.; Li, Y. P.] NOAA, IMSG, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Petropavlovskikh, I.] NOAA, CU CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Deland, M.; Huang, L. -K.; Tiruchirapalli, R.; Taylor, S.] SSAI, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Flynn, LE (reprint author), NOAA, IMSG, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Lawrence.E.Flynn@noaa.gov RI Flynn, Lawrence/B-6321-2009; Beach, Eric/F-5576-2010 OI Flynn, Lawrence/0000-0001-6856-2614; FU NOAA's Climate Program Office; IPO FX The work on the SBUV/2 ozone CDR was supported by funds from NOAA's Climate Program Office. The work on the OMPS was supported by funds from the IPO. The contents of this paper are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the US Government. NR 15 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2009 VL 30 IS 15-16 BP 4259 EP 4272 DI 10.1080/01431160902825040 PG 14 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 483WV UT WOS:000269004200034 ER PT J AU Wu, AS Xiong, XX Cao, CY AF Wu, Aisheng Xiong, Xiaoxiong Cao, Changyong TI Tracking the calibration stability and consistency of the 3.7, 11.0 and 12.0 mu m channels of the NOAA-KLM AVHRR with MODIS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SIMULTANEOUS NADIR OBSERVATIONS; HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; INFRARED CHANNELS; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS; BANDS; TERRA; SATELLITES; IMAGERS; ONBOARD AB The NOAA-KLM satellites (NOAA-15 to 18) are the current polar-orbiting operational environmental satellites (POES) that carry the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). This study examines the calibration stability and consistency of all three infrared channels (3.7, 11.0 and 12.0 mm) of AVHRR onboard NOAA-15 to 18. The short-term stability is examined from variations of the scan-by-scan gain response, while the long-term stability and calibration consistency are examined by tracking the trends of gain response and measured scene brightness temperatures. The relative differences of observed scene brightness temperatures among NOAA-15 to 18 AVHRR are determined using MODIS as a transfer radiometer based on observations from simultaneous nadir overpasses (SNO). Results show that variations of the scan-to-scan gain responses are within 0.10% under normal operational conditions, while long-term gain changes over six years from 2001 to 2006 vary from 2 to 4% depending on channel. Long-term trending results show that total six-year drifts in observed brightness temperature from NOAA-15 to 18 AVHRR are less than 0.5 K for a given scene temperature in the 250 to 270 K range for the 3.7, 11.0 and 12.0 mm channels, respectively. The calibration consistency is examined for a scene temperature range of 220 to 290 K. The temperature biases among NOAA-16 to 18 AVHRR are within +/- 0.5 K for the 11.0 and 12.0 mu m channels. For NOAA-15 AVHRR, biases of -2.0 K at 11.0 mu m and -1.5 K at 12.0 mu m are found in comparison with others at the low end of the temperature range. For the 3.7 mm channel, relative biases up to a few degrees among NOAA-15 to 18 could be found at low brightness temperatures. C1 [Cao, Changyong] NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Wu, Aisheng] Sci & Syst Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth Sci Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Cao, CY (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM aisheng.wu@sigmaspace.com RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010 NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2009 VL 30 IS 22 BP 5901 EP 5917 DI 10.1080/01431160902787703 PG 17 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 515EV UT WOS:000271451200007 ER PT J AU Petropavlovskikh, I Evans, R McConville, G Miyagawa, K Oltmans, S AF Petropavlovskikh, I. Evans, R. McConville, G. Miyagawa, K. Oltmans, S. TI Effect of the out-of-band stray light on the retrieval of the Umkehr Dobson ozone profiles SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SOLAR BACKSCATTER ULTRAVIOLET; 2 SATELLITE DATA; TREND ANALYSIS; STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; GEOPHYSICAL CONDITIONS; EARTHS ATMOSPHERE; DATA SET; SBUV; CALIBRATION; STANDARD AB The technique of producing a vertical ozone profile using ground-based observations of the Umkehr effect is well established and is widely used for ozone trend analysis. Still, observations of the Umkehr effect by Dobson ozone spectrophotometers have a documented problem: simultaneous measurements from collocated instruments produce noticeably different results, with the difference shown to be dependent on solar zenith angle and total ozone. Ozone profiles are thus difficult to compare from station to station. Current investigations into the level and effects of stray light within the instrument suggest that much of the difference can be attributed to out-of-band stray light characteristics of individual Dobson instruments. Resulting changes in retrieved ozone profiles suggest that adjusting measurements for stray light components removes much of the existing bias between Umkehr profiles and other ozone measuring datasets. This new information has implications for both observational methods and completeness of the existing datasets. C1 [Petropavlovskikh, I.; McConville, G.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Evans, R.; Oltmans, S.] NOAA, OAR, ERSL, Climate Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Miyagawa, K.] JMA, Aerol Observ, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. RP Petropavlovskikh, I (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM irina.petro@noaa.gov FU OMI Satellite Science Team Project (EOS/AURA satellite); NASA/Goddard FX The author would like to thank those who made valuable contributions to this work. Alexander Cede (NASA/Goddard), Tom McElroy and Volodya Savastiouk (Environment Canada) provided many useful suggestions and comments regarding stray light issues in the Dobson spectrophotometer. Umkehr and ozone sounding data used in this publication were collected in Boulder, CO, USA (NOAA/ESRL), and archived at the WMO ozone and UV data centre (WOUDC) in Toronto, Canada. Appreciation is expressed to L. Flynn and E. Beach of the NOAA/NESDIS for providing the subset of the NOAA-16 and NOAA-11 SBUV/2 V8 ozone profile data for the Boulder station overpass. The subset of the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) V2.2 level 2 data for the Boulder station overpass was obtained from the Aura Validation Data Centre at NASA/Goddard. Special thanks are given to A. Quillin for editing the paper. This work was funded by the OMI Satellite Science Team Project (EOS/AURA satellite), NASA/Goddard. NR 85 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2009 VL 30 IS 24 BP 6461 EP 6482 DI 10.1080/01431160902865806 PG 22 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 544GH UT WOS:000273641500006 ER PT J AU Tassey, G Gallaher, MP Rowe, BR AF Tassey, Gregory Gallaher, Michael P. Rowe, Brent R. TI Complex standards and innovation in the digital economy: the Internet Protocol SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE standards; innovation; information technology; internet; technology life cycle; corporate strategy; public policy; IP; internet protocol; transition costs; IT services AB As Web-based services evolve from a medium for data exchange to a system for managing geographically-dispersed work flows, the complexity of the supporting infrastructure is increasing along with the sophistication of the actual services. This paper presents a case study of the global transition to IPv6 to illustrate the importance of a standards infrastructure in the evolution of internet-based services across the global economy and the consequent strategic and policy issues facing industry and government. Industry cost data ore presented and a model is proposed to explicitly represent the role of standards in the innovation process and illuminate private sector investment risks. C1 [Tassey, Gregory] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gallaher, Michael P.; Rowe, Brent R.] Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Tassey, G (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mail Stop 1060, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM tassey@nist.gov; mpg@rti.org; browe@rti.org NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 16 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0267-5730 J9 INT J TECHNOL MANAGE JI Int. J. Technol. Manage. PY 2009 VL 48 IS 4 BP 448 EP 472 PG 25 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 497ZG UT WOS:000270103800002 ER PT J AU Rehm, RG Mell, W AF Rehm, Ronald G. Mell, William (Ruddy) TI A simple model for wind effects of burning structures and topography on wildland-urban interface surface-fire propagation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article CT EastFIRE Conference 2007 CY JUN 05-08, 2007 CL Fairfax, VA ID SPREAD AB The present paper presents a simple model to demonstrate the effect on grass-fire propagation of the winds induced by structural fires in a wildland-urban interface setting. The model combines an empirical formula for wind-driven grass-fire spread and a physics-based analytical solution to the Euler equations to determine the ground-level wind produced by the burning structure. The scaling of the wind is based on the heat release rate of the structural fire as well as other parameters. Also considered are an ambient wind and a topographical wind, assumed to be proportional to the ground slope. Data on grass and structure fires required by the model are discussed. Fire front propagation predicted by this model is illustrated by three examples: a front passing a single burning structure on flat terrain, a front passing a burning structure on a hill, and a front passing several burning structures. The model predicts that a fire front will be accelerated toward the burning structure upon approach and decelerated after passing the structure. Several burning structures multiply the effects of an individual burning structure. C1 [Rehm, Ronald G.] Ltd Liability Corp, RGR Consulting, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rehm, Ronald G.; Mell, William (Ruddy)] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rehm, RG (reprint author), Ltd Liability Corp, RGR Consulting, Bldg 224,Room B260,100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ronald.rehm@nist.gov NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2009 VL 18 IS 3 BP 290 EP 301 DI 10.1071/WF08087 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 450NE UT WOS:000266406600006 ER PT B AU Martin, AF Greenberg, CS AF Martin, Alvin F. Greenberg, Craig S. GP ISCA-INST SPEECH COMMUN ASSOC TI NIST 2008 Speaker Recognition Evaluation: Performance Across Telephone and Room Microphone Channels SO INTERSPEECH 2009: 10TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE INTERNATIONAL SPEECH COMMUNICATION ASSOCIATION 2009, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th INTERSPEECH 2009 Conference CY SEP 06-10, 2009 CL Brighton, ENGLAND SP Int Speech Commun Assoc DE speaker recognition evaluation; speaker detection; NIST evaluations AB We describe the 2008 NIST Speaker Recognition Evaluation, including the speech data used, the test conditions included, the participants, and some of the performance results obtained. This evaluation was distinguished by including as part of the required test condition interview type speech as well as conversational telephone speech, and speech recorded over microphone channels as well as speech recorded over telephone lines. Notable was the relative consistency of best system performance obtained over the different speech types, including those involving different types in training and test. Some comparison with performance in prior evaluations is also discussed. C1 [Martin, Alvin F.; Greenberg, Craig S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Martin, AF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM alvin.martin@nist.gov; craig.greenberg@nist.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISCA-INST SPEECH COMMUNICATION ASSOC PI BAIXAS PA C/O EMMANUELLE FOXONET, 4 RUE DES FAUVETTES, LIEU DIT LOUS TOURILS, BAIXAS, F-66390, FRANCE BN 978-1-61567-692-7 PY 2009 BP 2539 EP 2542 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BOJ53 UT WOS:000276842801176 ER PT B AU Treinen, JM Darcis, PP McColskey, JD Smith, R Merritt, J AF Treinen, J. M. Darcis, Ph. P. McColskey, J. D. Smith, R. Merritt, J. GP ASME TI EFFECTS OF SPECIMEN GEOMETRY ON FATIGUE-CRACK GROWTH RATES IN PIPELINE STEELS SO IPC2008: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL PIPELINE CONFERENCE - 2008, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Pipeline Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 03, 2008 CL Calgary, CANADA SP ASME, IPTI ID THICKNESS; THRESHOLD; SHEET AB The effects of specimen geometry on the fatigue crack growth rates (FCGR) in API X65 and X100 pipeline steels were explored by use of the middle tension and compact tension specimen geometries. It was found that the specimen type has little influence on the stage Pi linear fatigue crack growth region for these steels. Furthermore, the FCGR behavior in the longitudinal and transverse directions was found to be nearly identical for both steels. Also of interest was a comparison of the FCGR results to the BS 7910 design curves, which showed a discrepancy between the results and the standard only at low delta K levels. A finite element analysis of the compliance relationships used to predict the crack lengths during testing of both specimen types revealed that the expression for both the middle tension specimen and the compact tension specimen were found to be valid. Although the curved geometry of the middle tension specimen caused slightly different compliance results, these differences did not appear to affect the FCGR results. C1 [Treinen, J. M.; Darcis, Ph. P.; McColskey, J. D.] NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Treinen, JM (reprint author), NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4859-3 PY 2009 BP 267 EP 272 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BJK36 UT WOS:000266658700034 ER PT B AU Shtechman, A McCowan, C Reuven, R Darcis, P Smith, R Merritt, J Siewert, T Drexler, E Treinen, JM McColskey, JD AF Shtechman, Avigdor McCowan, Christopher Reuven, Rony Darcis, Philippe Smith, Robert Merritt, James Siewert, Thomas Drexler, Elizabeth Treinen, J. Matthew McColskey, J. David GP ASME TI Dynamic Apparatus for CTOA Measurement in Pipeline Steels SO IPC2008: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL PIPELINE CONFERENCE - 2008, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Pipeline Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 03, 2008 CL Calgary, CANADA SP ASME, IPTI DE Cantilever beam; crack tip opening angle; crack velocity; CTOA; displacement rate; dynamic; fracture surface evaluation; high rate test; modified double optical angle measurement; pipeline steels; plastic flow; rate effects; quasi-static; X100; X65 AB When a crack initiates and propagates in a pressurized pipe, the only thing that might stop this high-velocity event is the release of internal pressure (decompression), resulting in a deceleration in the crack-propagation rate. This deceleration can be achieved through the use of crack arrestors, or the ability of the pipeline material to resist ductile fracture. To evaluate the resistance to crack growth, the crack tip opening angle (CTOA) is used. Recent articles on the CTOA of pipeline steels at quasi-static rates with modified double cantilever beam specimens (MDCB), and at dynamic displacements rates by use of drop weight tear testing have provided data to support this need. These laboratory results from the literature, compared with results of full-scale tests, indicate that details of the fracture mode depend on the rate of fracture. To further study the dependence among the rate, fracture mode, and CTOA, a dynamic test apparatus was designed to perform CTOA testing of MDCB specimens, so that comparisons to quasi-static and full-scale results could be made. This new apparatus consists of a 500 kN uniaxial hydraulic test machine capable of stand-alone displacement rates of 300 mm/s, and a disc spring apparatus that is used to further accelerate the testing displacement rate. Initial results of the testing show that full slant fracture mode is observed at the highest rates tested for X65 and X100 steels. Maximum crack velocities approaching 10 m/s were recorded with highspeed photography. CTOA measurements were typically made at a position about 30 mm ahead of the pre-fatigue crack, over a distance of about 15 mm in the steady-state crack propagation regime. In this paper, we describe the high-speed apparatus, discuss the relationship among specimen configuration, crack speed, and CTOA, and present initial results on X65 and X 100 pipeline steels. C1 [Shtechman, Avigdor; McCowan, Christopher; Reuven, Rony; Darcis, Philippe; Siewert, Thomas; Drexler, Elizabeth; Treinen, J. Matthew; McColskey, J. David] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. RP Shtechman, A (reprint author), NRCN, POB 9001, Beer Sheva, Israel. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4859-3 PY 2009 BP 273 EP 278 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BJK36 UT WOS:000266658700035 ER PT B AU Reuven, R McCowan, C Drexler, E Shtechman, A Darcis, P Treinen, M Smith, R Merritt, J Siewert, T McColskey, JD AF Reuven, R. McCowan, C. Drexler, E. Shtechman, A. Darcis, Ph. Treinen, M. Smith, R. Merritt, J. Siewert, T. McColskey, J. D. GP ASME TI CTOA Results for X65 and X100 Pipeline Steels: Influence of Displacement Rate SO IPC2008: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL PIPELINE CONFERENCE - 2008, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Pipeline Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 03, 2008 CL Calgary, CANADA SP ASME, IPTI ID RESISTANCE AB The toughness and plasticity of steel generally decreases with increasing testing rate. The crack tip opening angle (CTOA) was measured on two types of commercial pipeline steels API-X65 and API-X100, at a range of displacement rates to characterize rate effects. The testing was conducted at quasi-static and dynamic rates. The crosshead displacements in our test matrix ranged from 0.002 mm/s in the quasi-static mode to approximately 8000 mm/s in the dynamic mode. The quasi-static tests were conducted in a servo-hydraulic uniaxial test machine using Modified Double Cantilever Beam (MDCB) specimens. The dynamic experiments were made on a similar servo-hydraulic uniaxial test machine using the same type of specimen and with the addition of a disc spring setup for the fastest rate. The results of these tests indicate that the rate effect has negligible influence on the CTOA values measured for these materials for the reported rates. The CTOA values measured for the two materials show a small but convincing difference. The resistance to fracture was found to be higher for the X65 steel, as indicated by a higher CTOA and lower crack growth velocity. This paper presents results on the influence of displacement rates from quasi-static to dynamic for the X65 and X100 grade pipeline steels, and discusses a method for optimizing the reduction of the CTOA data. C1 [Reuven, R.; McCowan, C.; Drexler, E.; Shtechman, A.; Darcis, Ph.; Treinen, M.; Siewert, T.; McColskey, J. D.] NIST, Mat Reliabil Div 853, Boulder, CO USA. RP Reuven, R (reprint author), NIST, Mat Reliabil Div 853, Boulder, CO USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4859-3 PY 2009 BP 279 EP 286 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BJK36 UT WOS:000266658700036 ER PT B AU Drexler, E Darcis, P McCowan, C Treinen, JM Shtechman, A Reuven, R Siewert, T Smith, R Merritt, J McColskey, JD AF Drexler, Elizabeth Darcis, Philippe McCowan, Christopher Treinen, J. Matthew Shtechman, Avigdor Reuven, Rony Siewert, Thomas Smith, Robert Merritt, James McColskey, J. David GP ASME TI CTOA MEASUREMENTS OF WELDS IN X100 PIPELINE STEEL SO IPC2008: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL PIPELINE CONFERENCE - 2008, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Pipeline Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 03, 2008 CL Calgary, CANADA SP ASME, IPTI ID SPECIMEN AB A suite of tests characterizing X100 pipeline steels was initiated at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Boulder. Part of the test matrix included testing the toughness of the base metal, welds, and heat-affected zones (HAZ) by use of modified double cantilever beam specimens for crack tip opening angle (CTOA) testing. The thickness of the test section was either 3 mm or 8 mm. Girth welds perpendicular to the growing crack, and seam welds and their HAZ parallel with the crack, were tested with a crosshead displacement rate of 0.02 mm/s (with the exception of one girth weld specimen for each thickness, which were tested at 0.002 mm/s). Analysis of the data revealed some general differences among the weld specimens. The tests where the crack ran perpendicular to the girth weld demonstrated changes in CTOA and crack growth rate as the crack moved through the base metal, HAZ, and weld material. We observed the values for CTOA increasing and the crack propagation slowing as the crack moved through the weld and approached the fusion line. The stress field appeared to be strongly influenced by the thin HAZ, the fusion line, and the tougher base material. Consequently, the CTOA of the HAZ associated with the girth weld was larger than that of the seam-weld HAZ. It was not possible to obtain CTOA data for the seam weld, with the crack parallel within the weld, because the crack immediately diverted out of the stronger weld material into the weaker HAZ. CTOA values from both girth welds and seam-weld HAZ were smaller than those of the base material. The 8 mm thick specimens consistently produced larger CTOA values than their 3 mm counterparts, introducing the possibility that there may be limitations to CTOA as a material property. Further tests are needed to determine whether a threshold thickness exists below which the constraints and stress field are sufficiently changed to affect the CTOA value. C1 [Drexler, Elizabeth; Darcis, Philippe; McCowan, Christopher; Treinen, J. Matthew; Shtechman, Avigdor; Reuven, Rony; Siewert, Thomas; McColskey, J. David] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. RP Drexler, E (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4859-3 PY 2009 BP 287 EP 292 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BJK36 UT WOS:000266658700037 ER PT J AU Antonucci, JM O'Donnell, JNR Schumacher, GE Skrtic, D AF Antonucci, J. M. O'Donnell, J. N. R. Schumacher, G. E. Skrtic, D. TI Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Composites and Their Effect on Composite-Adhesive-Dentin Bonding SO JOURNAL OF ADHESION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amorphous calcium phosphate; photo-polymerizable composites; shear bond strength; dentin ID POLYMERIC COMPOSITES; HYDROXYAPATITE; FILLER AB This study evaluates the bond strength and related properties of photo-polymerizable, remineralizing amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) polymeric composite-adhesive systems to dentin after various periods of aqueous aging at 37 degrees C. An experimental ACP base and lining composite was made from a photo-activated resin comprising 2,2-bis[p-(2'-hydroxy-3'-methacryloxypropoxy) phenyl] propane (Bis-GMA), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and zirconyl dimethacrylate (ZrDMA); designated BTHZ. An experimental orthodontic composite was formulated from a photo-activated resin comprising ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate (EBPADMA), TEGDMA, HEMA and methacryloxyethyl phthalate (MEP); designated ETHM. In both composite series three fillers were compared: (i) freshly precipitated zirconium-modified ACP (as-prepared Zr-ACP), (ii) milled Zr-ACP and (iii) an ion-leachable fluoride glass. In addition to the shear bond strength (SBS), work to fracture and failure modes of the orthodontic composites were determined. The SBS of the base and lining ACP composites appeared unaffected by filler type or immersion time. In the orthodontic ACP composite series, milled ACP composites showed initial mechanical advantages over as-prepared ACP composites and produced higher incidence of a failure mode consistent with stronger adhesion. After six months of aqueous exposure, 80% of specimens failed at the dentin-primer interface, with a 42% overall reduction in bond strength. BTHZ and ETHM based ACP composites are potentially effective anti-demineralizing-remineralizing agents with possible clinical utility as protective base-liners and orthodontic cements, respectively. The analysis of the bond strength and failure modalities suggests that milled ACP composites may offer greater potential in clinical applications. (C) Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2009 C1 [O'Donnell, J. N. R.; Schumacher, G. E.; Skrtic, D.] Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Antonucci, J. M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Skrtic, D (reprint author), Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM drago.skrtic@nist.gov FU NIDCR NIH HHS [R01 DE013169, R01 DE013169-10] NR 20 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4243 J9 J ADHES SCI TECHNOL JI J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. PY 2009 VL 23 IS 7-8 BP 1133 EP 1147 DI 10.1163/156856109X432767 PG 15 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 472JD UT WOS:000268125700015 PM 19696914 ER PT J AU Golaz, JC Doyle, JD Wang, SP AF Golaz, Jean-Christophe Doyle, James D. Wang, Shouping TI One-Way Nested Large-Eddy Simulation over the Askervein Hill SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB Large-eddy simulation (LES) models have been used extensively to study atmospheric boundary layer turbulence over flat surfaces; however, LES applications over topography are less common. We evaluate the ability of an existing model - COAMPS (R)-LES - to simulate flow over terrain using data from the Askervein Hill Project. A new approach is suggested for the treatment of the lateral boundaries using one-way grid nesting. LES wind profile and speed-up are compared with observations at various locations around the hill. The COAMPS-LES model performs generally well. This case could serve as a useful benchmark for evaluating LES models for applications over topography. C1 [Golaz, Jean-Christophe] NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Doyle, James D.; Wang, Shouping] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Golaz, JC (reprint author), NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM Chris.Golaz@noaa.gov RI Golaz, Jean-Christophe/D-5007-2014 OI Golaz, Jean-Christophe/0000-0003-1616-5435 FU Office of Naval Research's Program [0601153N] FX COAMPS is a registered trademark of the Naval Research Laboratory. Peter Taylor and Wensong Weng are acknowledged for graciously providing electronic versions of the Askervein Hill Project technical reports and datasets. J. D. Doyle and S. Wang acknowledge support through the Office of Naval Research's Program Element 0601153N. Computational resources were supported in part by a grant of HPC time from the Department of Defense Major Shared Resource Center, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, OH. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1942-2466 J9 J ADV MODEL EARTH SY JI J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. PY 2009 VL 1 AR 6 DI 10.3894/JAMES.2009.1.6 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V22UF UT WOS:000208299400006 ER PT J AU Pincus, R Stevens, B AF Pincus, Robert Stevens, Bjorn TI Monte Carlo Spectral Integration: a Consistent Approximation for Radiative Transfer in Large Eddy Simulations SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB Large-eddy simulation (LES) refers to a class of calculations in which the large energy-rich eddies are simulated directly and are insensitive to errors in the modeling of sub-grid scale processes. Flows represented by LES are often driven by radiative heating and therefore require the calculation of radiative transfer along with the fluid-dynamical simulation. Current methods for detailed radiation calculations, even those using simple one-dimensional radiative transfer, are far too expensive for routine use, while popular shortcuts are either of limited applicability or run the risk of introducing errors on time and space scales that might affect the overall simulation. A new approximate method is described that relies on Monte Carlo sampling of the spectral integration in the heating rate calculation and is applicable to any problem. The error introduced when using this method is substantial for individual samples (single columns at single times) but is uncorrelated in time and space and so does not bias the statistics of scales that are well resolved by the LES. The method is evaluated through simulation of two test problems; these behave as expected. A scaling analysis shows that the errors introduced by the method diminish as flow features become well resolved. Errors introduced by the approximation increase with decreasing spatial scale but the spurious energy introduced by the approximation is less than the energy expected in the unperturbed flow, i.e. the energy associated with the spectral cascade from the large scale, even on the grid scale. C1 [Pincus, Robert] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Stevens, Bjorn] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Stevens, Bjorn] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. RP Pincus, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, 325 Broadway,R PSD1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Robert.Pincus@colorado.edu RI Stevens, Bjorn/A-1757-2013; Pincus, Robert/B-1723-2013 OI Stevens, Bjorn/0000-0003-3795-0475; Pincus, Robert/0000-0002-0016-3470 FU National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center for Multi-Scale Modeling of Atmospheric Processes; Colorado State University [ATM-0425247]; DFG FX This work has been supported by the National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center for Multi-Scale Modeling of Atmospheric Processes, managed by Colorado State University under cooperative agreement No. ATM-0425247. BS also acknowledges support from the DFG Metsrom Program. We thank Drs. Yu Gu and Kuo-Nan Liou for making their radiation code available to us; our work is based on a new solver inspired by and using elements of their original code. The comments of an anonymous reviewer helped us clarify our arguments. RP thanks Jonathan Gold, Laurie Ochoa, and BS and his family for hospitality during a visit to UCLA to work on this project. NR 24 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1942-2466 J9 J ADV MODEL EARTH SY JI J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. PY 2009 VL 1 AR 1 DI 10.3894/JAMES.2009.1.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V22UF UT WOS:000208299400001 ER PT J AU Murphy, KE Guthrie, WF Vetter, TW Turk, GC Palmer, CD Lewis, ME Geraghty, CM Parsons, PJ AF Murphy, Karen E. Guthrie, William F. Vetter, Thomas W. Turk, Gregory C. Palmer, Christopher D. Lewis, Miles E., Jr. Geraghty, Ciaran M. Parsons, Patrick J. TI Comparison of clinical methods with isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the new standard reference material 955c lead in caprine blood SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Asia-Pacific Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry CY NOV 16-21, 2008 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP Int Cong Ctr ID EXPOSURE; SERUM AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed Standard Reference Material (SRM) 955c, a new caprine-based, four-level blood standard with certified blood lead levels (BLLs) ranging from 0.4 mg/dL (0.02 mmol/L) Pb to 45 mg/dL (2.2 mmol/L) Pb. Certified values are based on ID-ICP-MS. Strict control and accurate measurement of the procedure blank were necessary to minimize uncertainty for the lowest level (Level 1) and obtain a relative expanded uncertainty (k=2) of 2.6%. Level 1 is intended to represent a baseline BLL and provides a means to define detection levels and validate methods developed to measure lead at background environmental levels in blood. Level 2 is near 10 mg/dL (0.48 mmol/ L), the current threshold defined by the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for public health action and clinical follow up. The standard has been developed in collaboration with the Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, which provided measurements based on GFAAS and ICP-MS. Results from these clinical methods are statistically compared to the Isotope Dilution (ID) values. The Level 1 SRM 955c standard is below the detection limit of the GFAAS method, but comparison of Level 1 results for the ICP-MS method with the ID-ICP-MS values shows no evidence of statistically significant disagreement, suggesting that the ICP-MS method appears capable of measuring BLLs at background concentrations. Comparison of both GFAAS and ICP-MS results with the ID ICP-MS values for the Level 2 through Level 4 SRM 955c standards similarly shows no statistically significant disagreement between methods at these elevated blood Pb levels. In addition to the SRM 955c data, long-term method performance data are presented for SRM 955b Lead in Bovine Blood and for SRM 966 Toxic Elements in Bovine Blood. The clinical methods performed well within CLIA guidelines for these materials; however, a small negative bias for the ICP-MS value relative to the certified value for SRM 966 requires further investigation. C1 [Murphy, Karen E.; Guthrie, William F.; Vetter, Thomas W.; Turk, Gregory C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Palmer, Christopher D.; Lewis, Miles E., Jr.; Geraghty, Ciaran M.; Parsons, Patrick J.] New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY 12201 USA. RP Murphy, KE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM karen.murphy@nist.gov RI Parsons, Patrick/I-2985-2015 OI Parsons, Patrick/0000-0001-9133-875X NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2009 VL 24 IS 9 BP 1170 EP 1178 DI 10.1039/b903060c PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 484XB UT WOS:000269082200004 ER PT J AU Dworak, R Key, JR AF Dworak, Richard Key, Jeffrey R. TI Twenty Years of Polar Winds from AVHRR: Validation and Comparison with ERA-40 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC WINDS; CLEAR-SKY; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; PATHFINDER DATASET; ARCTIC SURFACE; CLOUD-DRIFT; SEA-ICE; TRENDS; TEMPERATURE; RETRIEVALS AB Recent studies have shown that the Arctic climate has changed markedly over the past 20 years. Two major reanalysis products that can be used for studying recent changes unfortunately exhibit relatively large errors in the wind field over the Arctic where there are few radiosonde data available for assimilation. At least 10 numerical weather prediction centers worldwide have demonstrated that satellite-derived polar winds have a positive impact on global weather forecasts. The impact on reanalyses should be similar. Therefore, a polar wind dataset spanning more than 20 years was generated using Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data. Comparisons with winds from radiosondes show biases in the AVHRR-derived winds of 0.1-0.8 m s(-1), depending on the level. In addition, AVHRR has lower root-mean-square speed errors and speed biases than the 40-yr ECMWF reanalysis product (ERA-40) when compared with rawinsondes not assimilated into the reanalysis. Therefore, it is recommended that the historical AVHRR polar winds be assimilated into future versions of the reanalysis products. The authors also explore possible kinematic reasons for the disparities between ERA-40 and AVHRR wind fields. AVHRR and ERA-40 speed and direction differences for various kinematic flow features are investigated. Results show that, on average, AVHRR winds are faster in jet streams and ridges but are slower in troughs and jet exit regions. The results from this study could lead to a better dynamical understanding of why the reanalysis product produces a less-accurate wind vector field over regions that are void of radiosonde data. C1 [Dworak, Richard] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Key, Jeffrey R.] NOAA, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI USA. RP Dworak, R (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM rdworak@ssec.wisc.edu RI Key, Jeffrey/F-5597-2010 OI Key, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6109-3050 FU NOAA/NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications and Research; NASA Science Mission Directorate FX This research was supported by the NOAA/NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications and Research and by the NASA Science Mission Directorate. We thank Dave Santek for technical help and many useful discussions and Steve Ackerman and Chris Velden for suggestions. Jon Martin was an endless source of ideas on kinematics. Eli Hunter and Jennifer Francis at Rutgers University and Ola Persson at the University of Colorado provided LeadEx and CEAREX data. The ECMWF reanalysis data were obtained from the ERA-40 project Web site. AVHRR data were obtained from the NOAA CLASS archive system. Dan Baldwin at the University of Colorado provided the software for navigation and calibration of the AVHRR data. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U. S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 48 IS 1 BP 24 EP 40 DI 10.1175/2008JAMC1863.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 411TR UT WOS:000263674100002 ER PT J AU Egelhoff, WF Bonevich, J Pong, P Beauchamp, CR Stafford, GR Unguris, J McMichael, RD AF Egelhoff, W. F., Jr. Bonevich, J. Pong, P. Beauchamp, C. R. Stafford, G. R. Unguris, J. McMichael, R. D. TI 400-fold reduction in saturation field by interlayering SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THIN PERMALLOY-FILMS; MAGNETIC-ANISOTROPY; STRESS ANISOTROPY; DOMAIN STRUCTURE; GROWTH; FE AB The buildup of stress with increasing thickness of magnetic thin films is a common phenomenon that often induces undesirable anisotropies that can convert an otherwise magnetically soft film into a magnetically hard one. We found that by interlayering such a magnetic thin film with films that are either not lattice matched or have a different crystal structure, reductions in the saturation field as large as 400-fold can be achieved. Differences in grain size appear to be responsible. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3058673] C1 [Egelhoff, W. F., Jr.; Bonevich, J.; Pong, P.; Beauchamp, C. R.; Stafford, G. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Unguris, J.; McMichael, R. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Egelhoff, WF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM egelhoff@nist.gov RI McMichael, Robert/J-8688-2012; Unguris, John/J-3989-2014; OI McMichael, Robert/0000-0002-1372-664X NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 105 IS 1 AR 013921 DI 10.1063/1.3058673 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 395OT UT WOS:000262534100115 ER PT J AU Horvath, P Gallagher, A AF Horvath, Peter Gallagher, Alan TI Surface radicals in silane/hydrogen discharges SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HYDROGENATED AMORPHOUS-SILICON; A-SI-H; INDUCED-FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; RADIOFREQUENCY SILANE PLASMA; ELECTRON-IMPACT IONIZATION; CHEMICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION; RF DISCHARGES; DC DISCHARGES; LASER; DENSITIES AB Using threshold ionization mass spectrometry, radical densities have been measured at the substrate surface of a radio frequency discharge in silane plus hydrogen vapor. The conditions are 100-300 Pa pressure and a ratio (R) of hydrogen flow/silane flow typical of discharges used to produce large area amorphous (R=20) and microcrystalline (R=40) silicon. For comparison, we include measurements in pure-silane vapor. The neutral radicals observed in the mixed gases are H, SiH3, Si2H2, and Si2H5, with decreasing flux in that order. (Si2H4 is also seen in pure silane and SiH2 for R=20.) The H flux is sufficient for major film etching and restructuring, particularly for R=40. The ion-bombardment species were also measured, establishing that SiyHn+ (y=1-3) ion flux is much larger than the H-n(+) (n=1-3) flux. The ion flux provides 15 +/- 4% of the total Si flux to the film for R=20 and 37 +/- 10% for R=40. This is larger than in pure-silane discharges, and it may be very important to film properties due to the impact energy. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3050331] C1 Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Horvath, P (reprint author), Res Inst Solid State Phys & Opt, 29-33 Konkoly Thege M Ut, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary. EM alang@jila.colorado.edu FU National Renewable Energy Laboratory FX We wish to thank A. V. Phelps for many valuable discussions and ideas and Karoly Rozsa for assistance with apparatus design and construction. This work was supported in part by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 105 IS 1 AR 013304 DI 10.1063/1.3050331 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 395OT UT WOS:000262534100022 ER PT J AU Soja, AJ Al-Saadi, J Giglio, L Randall, D Kittaka, C Pouliot, G Kordzi, JJ Raffuse, S Pace, TG Pierce, TE Moore, T Roy, B Pierce, RB Szykman, JJ AF Soja, Amber J. Al-Saadi, Jassim Giglio, Louis Randall, Dave Kittaka, Chieko Pouliot, George Kordzi, Joseph J. Raffuse, Sean Pace, Thompson G. Pierce, Thomas E. Moore, Tom Roy, Biswadev Pierce, R. Bradley Szykman, James J. TI Assessing satellite-based fire data for use in the National Emissions Inventory SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE biomass burning; remote sensing; area burned; Environmental Protection Agency; climate change; Arizona and Oregon ID CARBON AB Biomass burning is significant to emission estimates because: (1) it can be a major contributor of particulate matter and other pollutants; (2) it is one of the most poorly documented of all sources; (3) it can adversely affect human health; and (4) it has been identified as a significant contributor to climate change through feedbacks with the radiation budget. Additionally, biomass burning can be a significant contributor to a regions inability to achieve the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for PM 2.5 and ozone, particularly on the top 20% worst air quality days. The United States does not have a standard methodology to track fire occurrence or area burned, which are essential components to estimating fire emissions. Satellite imagery is available almost instantaneously and has great potential to enhance emission estimates and their timeliness. This investigation compares satellite-derived fire data to ground-based data to assign statistical error and helps provide confidence in these data. The largest fires are identified by all satellites and their spatial domain is accurately sensed. MODIS provides enhanced spatial and temporal information, and GOES ABBA data are able to capture more small agricultural fires. A methodology is presented that combines these satellite data in Near-Real-Time to produce a product that captures 81 to 92% of the total area burned by wildfire, prescribed, agricultural and rangeland burning. Each satellite possesses distinct temporal and spatial capabilities that permit the detection of unique fires that could be omitted if using data from only one satellite. C1 [Soja, Amber J.] NIA, NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Giglio, Louis] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Randall, Dave] Air Sci Inc, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Kittaka, Chieko] NASA, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Pouliot, George; Pierce, Thomas E.] US EPA, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Kordzi, Joseph J.; Roy, Biswadev] USEPA Reg 6, Dallas, TX 75202 USA. [Raffuse, Sean] STI, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. [Pace, Thompson G.] US EPA, OAQPS, Div Environm Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Moore, Tom] Colorado State Univ, WRAP, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Pierce, R. Bradley] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Szykman, James J.] NASA, US EPA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Soja, AJ (reprint author), NIA, NASA, Langley Res Ctr, 21 Langley Blvd,MS 420, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM Amber.J.Soja@nasa.gov; j.a.al-saadi@nasa.gov; louis_giglio@ssaihq.com; drandall@airsci.com; Chieko.Kittaka-1@nasa.gov; Pouliot.George@epamail.epa.gov; Kordzi.Joe@epamail.epa.gov; sraffuse@sonomatech.com; Pace.Tom@epamail.epa.gov; pierce.tom@epa.gov; MooreT@cira.colostate.edu; Roy.Dev@epamail.epa.gov; brad.pierce@noaa.gov; james.j.szykman@nasa.gov RI Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010 OI Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643 NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PY 2009 VL 3 SI SI AR 031504 DI 10.1117/1.3148859 PN 2 PG 29 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 520VY UT WOS:000271878800005 ER PT J AU Choi, J Zhang, Q Reipa, V Wang, NS Stratmeyer, ME Hitchins, VM Goering, PL AF Choi, Jonghoon Zhang, Qin Reipa, Vytas Wang, Nam Sun Stratmeyer, Melvin E. Hitchins, Victoria M. Goering, Peter L. TI Comparison of cytotoxic and inflammatory responses of photoluminescent silicon nanoparticles with silicon micron-sized particles in RAW 264.7 macrophages SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE silicon; nanoparticles; macrophages; cytokines; tumor necrosis factor-alpha; interleukin-6; cytotoxicity ID QUANTUM DOTS; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; CARBON NANOTUBES; CELLULAR UPTAKE; IN-VITRO; TOXICITY; CELLS; LUNG; EXPRESSION; CHALLENGES AB Photoluminescent silicon nanoparticles have a bright and stable fluorescence and are promising candidates for bio-imaging, cell staining and drug delivery. With increasing development of nanotechnology applications for biomedicine, an understanding of the potential toxicity of nanoparticles is needed to assess safety concerns for clinical applications. The objective of this study was to compare biological responses of silicon nanoparticles (SNs, 3 nm diameter) with silicon microparticles (SMs, similar to 100-3000 nm diameter) in cultured murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) using standard protocols for assessing cytotoxicity/cell viability and inflammatory responses developed for micron-sized particles. SNs and SMs were exposed to macrophages with and without addition of endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LIPS), a positive inducer of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and nitric oxide (NO). Cytotoxicity was assayed using the dye exclusion and MTT assays. Cell supernatants were assayed for production TNF-alpha, IL-6 and NO. SNs at concentrations <= 20 mu g ml(-1) exhibited no cytotoxicity or inflammatory responses; however, SNs and SMs > 20 and 200 mu g ml(-1), respectively, increased cytotoxicity compared with controls. SMs induced concentration-related increases in TNF-alpha and IL-6 production; in contrast, the production of these cytokines was shown to decrease with increasing concentrations of SNs. NO production was not induced by SNs or SMs alone. Fluorescence microscopy demonstrated that SNs were associated with the macrophages, either internalized or attached to cell membranes. In conclusion, evaluating differences in biological responses for nanoparticles compared with microparticles of the same material may help improve tests to assess biological responses of nanoparticles that may be used in biomedical applications. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Choi, Jonghoon; Zhang, Qin; Stratmeyer, Melvin E.; Hitchins, Victoria M.; Goering, Peter L.] US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. [Choi, Jonghoon; Wang, Nam Sun] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Choi, Jonghoon; Reipa, Vytas] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Goering, PL (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Bldg 64,Rm 4064, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. EM nsw@umd.edu; nsw@umd.edu RI Choi, Jonghoon/A-7693-2011; Wang, Nam Sun/E-4253-2016 OI Choi, Jonghoon/0000-0003-3554-7033; FU NIST-UMD; ORISE (FDA) FX This work was supported by a NIST-UMD research grant and an ORISE (FDA) grant. The authors would like to thank Dr Jayne B. Morrow (NIST), Dr David Kaplan (FDA) and Dr Wen-An Chiou (UMD) for valuable discussions and assistance with fluorescent and electron microscopy measurements. NR 41 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 26 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 29 IS 1 BP 52 EP 60 DI 10.1002/jat.1382 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 391YV UT WOS:000262271000008 PM 18785685 ER PT J AU Reppond, K De Oliveira, ACM Bechtel, PJ AF Reppond, Kermit De Oliveira, Alexandra C. M. Bechtel, Peter J. TI Enzymatic Digestion of Eye and Brain Tissues of Sockeye and Coho Salmon and Dusky Rockfish Commercially Harvested in Alaska SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lipids; salmon; rockfish; eyes; brain; fatty acids; enzymatic digestion ID MARINE FISH; FATTY-ACID; NUTRITION; ARTEMIA AB Potential feed ingredients with high lipid content were made by enzymatic digestion followed by centrifugation of eye tissue from dusky rockfish (Sebastes ciliatus), coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), and sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), and brain tissue from sockeye salmon. Supernatant fractions contained significant levels of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid and were essentially pure triacyglycerides. For the digest of sockeye salmon brain tissue, the lipids were mainly composed of phospholipids (74%) and sterols (22%). Assays for amino acid profiles and mineral content of the precipitant layers were also performed. C1 [Reppond, Kermit] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. [De Oliveira, Alexandra C. M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fishery Ind Technol Ctr, Kodiak, AK USA. [Bechtel, Peter J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA ARS, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Reppond, K (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, POB 130, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. EM kermit.d.reppond@noaa.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 1049-8850 J9 J AQUAT FOOD PROD T JI J. Aquat. Food Prod. Technol. PY 2009 VL 18 IS 3 BP 209 EP 222 DI 10.1080/10498850902740360 PG 14 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 471ED UT WOS:000268037200003 ER PT J AU Feinholz, ME Flora, SJ Yarbrough, MA Lykke, KR Brown, SW Johnson, BC Clark, DK AF Feinholz, Michael E. Flora, Stephanie J. Yarbrough, Mark A. Lykke, Keith R. Brown, Steven W. Johnson, B. Carol Clark, Dennis K. TI Stray Light Correction of the Marine Optical System SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADIANCE RESPONSIVITY CALIBRATIONS; RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION; SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE; UNIFORM SOURCES; OCEAN; DECONVOLUTION; ACCURACY; FACILITY; STRATEGY; SENSORS AB The Marine Optical System is a spectrograph-based sensor used on the Marine Optical Buoy for the vicarious calibration of ocean color satellite sensors. It is also deployed from ships in instruments used to develop bio-optical algorithms that relate the optical properties of the ocean to its biological content. In this work, an algorithm is applied to correct the response of the Marine Optical System for scattered, or improperly imaged, light in the system. The algorithm, based on the measured response of the system to a series of monochromatic excitation sources, reduces the effects of scattered light on the measured source by one to two orders of magnitude. Implications for the vicarious calibration of satellite ocean color sensors and the development of bio-optical algorithms are described. The algorithm is a one-dimensional point spread correction algorithm, generally applicable to nonimaging sensors, but can in principle be extended to higher dimensions for imaging systems. C1 [Feinholz, Michael E.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, MOBY Project, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Lykke, Keith R.; Brown, Steven W.; Johnson, B. Carol] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Clark, Dennis K.] Marine Opt Consulting, Arnold, MD USA. RP Feinholz, ME (reprint author), Moss Landing Marine Labs, MOBY Project, Pob 450, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM feinholz@mlml.calstate.edu FU NASA [NNG04HK33I]; NOAA [NA05AANEG0199, NA05AANEG0013] FX The authors would like to acknowledge support for this work from NASA under Contract NNG04HK33I and NOAA under Contracts NA05AANEG0199 and NA05AANEG0013. The authors acknowledge also the anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions in improving the manuscript. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 26 IS 1 BP 57 EP 73 DI 10.1175/2008JTECHO597.1 PG 17 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 415AX UT WOS:000263907800005 ER PT J AU Anghel, A Carrano, C Komjathy, A Astilean, A Letia, T AF Anghel, Adela Carrano, Charles Komjathy, Attila Astilean, Adina Letia, Tiberiu TI Kalman filter-based algorithms for monitoring the ionosphere and plasmasphere with GPS in near-real time SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Ionosphere; Plasmasphere; Kalman filter; Data assimilation ID TOTAL ELECTRON-CONTENT; MODEL SIMULATIONS; CORE PLASMA; PROTONOSPHERE; MAGNETOSPHERE; SYSTEM; JAPAN AB Data collected from a GPS receiver located at low latitudes in the American sector are used to investigate the performance of the WinTEC algorithm [Anghel et al., 2008a, Kalman filter-based algorithm for near realtime monitoring of the ionosphere using dual frequency GPS data, GPS Solutions, accepted for publication; for different ionospheric modeling techniques: the single-shell linear, quadratic, and cubic approaches, and the multi-shell linear approach. Our results indicate that the quadratic and cubic approaches perform much better than the single-shell and multi-shell linear approaches in terms of post-fit residuals. The performance of the algorithm for the cubic approach is then further tested by comparing the vertical TEC predicted by WinTEC and USTEC [Spencer et al., 2004. Ionospheric data assimilation methods for geodetic applications. In: Proceedings of IEEE PLANS, Monterey, CA, 26-29 April, pp. 510-517] at five North American stations. In addition, since the GPS-derived total electron content (TEC) contains contributions from both ionospheric and plasmaspheric sections of the GPS ray paths, in an effort to improve the accuracy of the TEC retrievals, a new data assimilation module that uses background information from an empirical plasmaspheric model [Gallagher et al., 1988. An empirical model of the Earth's plasmasphere. Advances in Space Research 8, (8)15-(8)24] has been incorporated into the WinTEC algorithm. The new Kalman filter-based algorithm estimates both the ionospheric and plasmaspheric electron contents, the combined satellite and receiver biases, and the estimation error covariance matrix, in a single-site or network solution. To evaluate the effect of the plasmaspheric component on the estimated biases and total TEC and to assess the performance of the newly developed algorithm, we compare the WinTEC results, with and without the plasmaspheric term included, at three GPS receivers located at different latitudes in the American sector, during a solar minimum period characterized by quiet and moderate geomagnetic conditions. We also investigate the consistency of our plasmaspheric results by taking advantage of the specific donut-shaped geometry of the plasmasphere and applying the technique at 12 stations distributed roughly over four geomagnetic latitudes and three longitude sectors. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Anghel, Adela] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Carrano, Charles] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA USA. [Komjathy, Attila] CALTECH, NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Astilean, Adina; Letia, Tiberiu] Tech Univ Cluj Napoca, Dept Comp Sci & Automat, Cluj Napoca, Romania. RP Anghel, A (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, NOAA CU Ctr Environm Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM adela.anghel@colorado.edu FU Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES); Graduate School at the University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado FX A. Anghel would like to thank W. M. Lewis, R. Moore, and A. Gasiewski, and acknowledges financial support from Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) and Graduate School at the University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 71 IS 1 BP 158 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2008.10.006 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 405BG UT WOS:000263196500016 ER PT J AU Mapes, B Bacmeister, J Khairoutdinov, M Hannay, C Zhao, M AF Mapes, Brian Bacmeister, Julio Khairoutdinov, Marat Hannay, Cecile Zhao, Ming TI Virtual Field Campaigns on Deep Tropical Convection in Climate Models SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID LIFE-CYCLE; TOGA COARE; CLOUD; CIRCULATION; MESOSCALE; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; SATELLITE; RAINFALL; BUDGETS AB High-resolution time-height data over warm tropical oceans are examined, from three global atmosphere models [GFDL's Atmosphere Model 2 (AM2), NCAR's Community Atmosphere Model, version 3 (CAM3), and a NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) model], field campaign observations, and observation-driven cloud model outputs. The character of rain events is shown in data samples and summarized in lagged regressions versus surface rain rate. The CAM3 humidity and cloud exhibit little vertical coherence among three distinct layers, and its rain events have a short characteristic time, reflecting the convection scheme's penetrative nature and its closure's concentrated sensitivity to a thin boundary layer source level. In contrast, AM2 rain variations have much longer time scales as convection scheme plumes whose entrainment gives them tops below 500 hPa interact with humidity variations in that layer. Plumes detraining at model levels above 500 hPa are restricted by cloud work function thresholds, and upper-tropospheric humidity and cloud layers fed by these are detached from the lower levels and are somewhat sporadic. With these discrete entrainment rates and instability thresholds, AM2 also produces some synthetic-looking noise (sharp features in height and time) on top of its slow rain variations. A distinctive feature of the NASA model is a separate anvil scheme, distinct from the main large-scale cloud scheme, fed by relaxed Arakawa-Schubert (RAS) plume ensemble convection (a different implementation than in AM2). Its variability is rich and vertically coherent, and involves a very strong vertical dipole component to its tropospheric heating variations, of both signs (limited-depth convective heating and top-heavy heating in strong deep events with significant nonconvective rain). Grid-scale saturation events occur in all three models, often without nonconvective surface rain, causing relatively rare episodes of large negative top-of-atmosphere cloud forcing. Overall, cloud forcing regressions show a mild net positive forcing by rain-correlated clouds in CAM3 and mild net cooling in the other models, as the residual of large canceling shortwave and longwave contributions. C1 [Mapes, Brian] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Bacmeister, Julio] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Khairoutdinov, Marat] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hannay, Cecile] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Zhao, Ming] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Mapes, B (reprint author), RSMAS MPO, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM mapes@miami.edu RI Mapes, Brian/A-5647-2010; Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014 NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 22 IS 2 BP 244 EP 257 DI 10.1175/2008JCLI2203.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 413IN UT WOS:000263786900004 ER PT J AU Ladwig, WC Stensrud, DJ AF Ladwig, William C. Stensrud, David J. TI Relationship between Tropical Easterly Waves and Precipitation during the North American Monsoon SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; LOW-LEVEL JET; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; MEXICAN MONSOON; SUMMER MONSOON; MOISTURE SURGES; PHASE-III; REGIME; DISTURBANCES AB Relationships between tropical easterly waves (TEWs) and precipitation over Mexico and the United States are examined during the North American monsoon (NAM). The National Centers for Environmental Prediction-National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis data are used to identify 137 TEWs that cross Mexico north of 20 degrees N after monsoon onset over a 31-yr period from 1975 to 2005. Mean precipitation anomalies over two-day periods both before and after TEW passage are determined using Climate Prediction Center daily precipitation analyses. Results indicate that positive precipitation anomalies occur along the west coast of Mexico and extending into the west-central United States in association with TEW passage. Negative precipitation anomalies are found in the south-central United States. These precipitation anomaly patterns share many similarities to precipitation anomaly patterns previously defined in association with gulf surge events. On longer time scales, correlations between the total number of these northern TEWs crossing Mexico and 90-day monsoon period precipitation anomalies are also examined. An out-of-phase relationship is found between monsoon period precipitation anomalies in the southwestern and south-central United States, suggesting that increasing the number of northern TEWs crossing Mexico leads to enhanced monsoon period rainfall in Arizona and New Mexico and reduced monsoon period rainfall in Texas and Oklahoma. Thus, these northern TEWs likely play an important role in producing the distribution of precipitation throughout the NAM region and the south-central United States during the monsoon season, and extended-range predictions of northern TEW frequency may lead to improved seasonal rainfall anomaly forecasts in these regions. C1 [Stensrud, David J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Ladwig, William C.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Stensrud, DJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM david.stensrud@noaa.gov FU Climate Prediction Program [GC04-033]; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research [NA17RJ1227]; U.S. Department of Commerce FX This study was supported by the Climate Prediction Program for the Americas Grant GC04-033 of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Global Programs. The authors thank Drs. Alan Shapiro and Michael Richman of the School of Meteorology for their assistance during this research project and Dr. Wayne Higgins for providing the CPC precipitation dataset. Three anonymous reviewers are thanked for providing constructive and helpful comments that improved the manuscript. Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 22 IS 2 BP 258 EP 271 DI 10.1175/2008JCLI2241.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 413IN UT WOS:000263786900005 ER PT J AU Lee, SK Wang, CZ Mapes, BE AF Lee, Sang-Ki Wang, Chunzai Mapes, Brian E. TI A Simple Atmospheric Model of the Local and Teleconnection Responses to Tropical Heating Anomalies SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID EL-NINO; SPECTRAL MODEL; EXTRATROPICAL RESPONSE; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; WESTERN-HEMISPHERE; WARM POOL; CIRCULATION; FLOW; WAVES; PATTERNS AB A minimal complexity model of both the local and remote stationary responses of the atmosphere to tropical heating anomalies is described and demonstrated. Two levels are recast as baroclinic and barotropic components with thermal advection in the tropics neglected. The model is linearized about some idealized and realistic background wind fields and forced with a localized heating for illustration. In the tropics, the baroclinic responses are familiar from the Matsuno-Gill model; these excite barotropic responses by advective interactions with vertical background wind shear. The barotropic signals are in turn transmitted to high latitudes only in the presence of barotropic background westerly winds. For an El Nino-like equatorial heating, the barotropic response has anticyclones to the north and south of the heating reinforcing (opposing) the anticyclonic (cyclonic) baroclinic gyres in the upper (lower) troposphere. With realistic background flows, the model reproduces the hemispheric asymmetry of ENSO teleconnections. Further experiments show that the winter hemisphere is favored mainly because the summer hemispheric subtropical jet is farther from the heating latitude, suggesting that the summer hemisphere can still host robust stationary Rossby waves if the heating occurs in the vicinity of the jet. As an example, it is shown that summer heating over the Atlantic warm pool (AWP) can have a remote influence on the summer climate of North America and Europe. C1 [Lee, Sang-Ki; Wang, Chunzai] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Lee, Sang-Ki] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Mapes, Brian E.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Lee, SK (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Sang-Ki.Lee@noaa.gov RI Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009; Mapes, Brian/A-5647-2010; Lee, Sang-Ki/A-5703-2011 OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308; Lee, Sang-Ki/0000-0002-4047-3545 NR 41 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 22 IS 2 BP 272 EP 284 DI 10.1175/2008JCLI2303.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 413IN UT WOS:000263786900006 ER PT J AU Foltz, GR McPhaden, MJ AF Foltz, Gregory R. McPhaden, Michael J. TI Impact of Barrier Layer Thickness on SST in the Central Tropical North Atlantic SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; PACIFIC-OCEAN; ANNUAL CYCLE; MIXED-LAYER; HEAT-BUDGET; BULK PARAMETERIZATION; HURRICANE ACTIVITY; RECENT INCREASE; SAHEL RAINFALL; TIME SCALES AB Measurements from three long-term moored buoys are used to investigate the impact of barrier layer thickness (BLT) on the seasonal cycle of sea surface temperature (SST) in the central tropical North Atlantic Ocean. It is found that seasonal variations of the BLT exert a considerable influence on SST through their modulation of the vertical heat flux at the base of the mixed layer, estimated as the residual in the mixed layer heat balance. Cooling associated with this term is strongest when the barrier layer is thin and the vertical temperature gradient at the base of the mixed layer is strong. Conversely, thick barrier layers are associated with a significant reduction in the vertical temperature gradient at the base of the mixed layer, which suppresses the upward transfer of cooler water into the mixed layer. Forced ocean and coupled ocean atmosphere models that do not properly simulate the barrier layer may have difficulty reproducing the observed seasonal cycle of SST in the tropical North Atlantic. C1 [Foltz, Gregory R.; McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Foltz, Gregory R.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Foltz, GR (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM gregory.foltz@noaa.gov RI Foltz, Gregory/B-8710-2011; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 OI Foltz, Gregory/0000-0003-0050-042X; FU NOAA's Climate Program Office FX We thank three anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions. This research was supported by NOAA's Climate Program Office. NR 55 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 22 IS 2 BP 285 EP 299 DI 10.1175/2008JCLI2308.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 413IN UT WOS:000263786900007 ER PT J AU Liebmann, B Kiladis, GN Carvalho, LMV Jones, C Vera, CS Blade, I Allured, D AF Liebmann, Brant Kiladis, George N. Carvalho, Leila M. V. Jones, Charles Vera, Carolina S. Blade, Ileana Allured, Dave TI Origin of Convectively Coupled Kelvin Waves over South America SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION; ATLANTIC CONVERGENCE ZONE; COLD-AIR INCURSIONS; EQUATORIAL WAVES; INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION; ANDES; RAINFALL; DISTURBANCES; AMAZON; CIRCULATION AB Convectively coupled Kelvin waves over the South American continent are examined through the use of temporal and spatial filtering of reanalysis, satellite, and gridded rainfall data. They are most prominent from November to April, the season analyzed herein. The following two types of events are isolated: those that result from preexisting Kelvin waves over the eastern Pacific Ocean propagating into the continent, and those that apparently originate over Amazonia, forced by disturbances propagating equatorward from central and southern South America. The events with precursors in the Pacific are mainly upper-level disturbances, with almost no signal at the surface. Those events with precursors over South America, on the other hand, originate as upper-level synoptic wave trains that pass over the continent and resemble the "cold surges'' documented by Garreaud and Wallace. As the wave train propagates over the Andes, it induces a southerly low-level wind that advects cold air to the north. Precipitation associated with a cold front reaches the equator a few days later and subsequently propagates eastward with the characteristics of a Kelvin wave. The structures of those waves originating over the Pacific are quite similar to those originating over South America as they propagate to eastern South America and into the Atlantic. South America Kelvin waves that originate over neither the Pacific nor the midlatitudes of South America can also be identified. In a composite sense, these form over the eastern slope of the Andes Mountains, close to the equator. There are also cases of cold surges that reach the equator yet do not form Kelvin waves. The interannual variability of the Pacific-originating events is related to sea surface temperatures in the central-eastern Pacific Ocean. When equatorial oceanic conditions are warm, there tends to be an increase in the number of disturbances that reach South America from the Pacific. C1 [Liebmann, Brant; Allured, Dave] Climate Diagnost Ctr, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kiladis, George N.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Carvalho, Leila M. V.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Astron Geophys & Atmospher Sci, Dept Atmospher Sci, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Jones, Charles] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Vera, Carolina S.] CIMA UBA CONICET, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Blade, Ileana] Univ Barcelona, Dept Astron & Meteorol, Barcelona, Spain. RP Liebmann, B (reprint author), Climate Diagnost Ctr, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Campus Box 216, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Brant.Liebmann@noaa.gov RI Carvalho, Leila/I-5027-2012; Jones, Charles/I-4574-2012 OI Jones, Charles/0000-0003-4808-6977 FU Spanish Ministry of Science [CGL2005-06600-C03-02] FX Ileana Blade acknowledges support from Grant CGL2005-06600-C03-02 from the Spanish Ministry of Science. The authors wish to thank both reviewers for their insightful and useful comments. Figure 1 was computed from data in the CLAUS archive held at the British Atmospheric Data Centre, produced using ISCCP source data distributed by the NASA Langley Data Center. We also wish to acknowledge support from the NOAA CPPA program. NR 42 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 22 IS 2 BP 300 EP 315 DI 10.1175/2008JCLI2340.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 413IN UT WOS:000263786900008 ER PT J AU de Szoeke, SP Fairall, CW Pezoa, S AF de Szoeke, S. P. Fairall, C. W. Pezoa, Sergio TI Ship Observations of the Tropical Pacific Ocean along the Coast of South America SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID EASTERN PACIFIC; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; COUPLED OCEAN; CYCLE; CIRCULATION; CLOUDS AB In October 2007 the NOAA ship Ronald H. Brown sailed southward within 300 km of the coast of Ecuador and Peru, sampling surface meteorology, air-sea turbulent and radiative fluxes, cloud properties, and upper-air soundings from the equator to 20 degrees S. Two distinct water masses characterize the coastal region: cold-pool water below 19 degrees C in the Southern Hemisphere, and warm-pool water above 20 degrees C to the north, with a transition between the water masses at 2.5 degrees S. Net turbulent and radiative fluxes warm the cool water south of 2.5 degrees S by 100 W m 22 but do not warm the equatorial water significantly. Winds blow parallel to the shore, about 5 m s(-1) over the cold pool and 7 m s(-1) over the equator. Stratocumulus clouds are remarkably solid over the coastal cold pool, with only brief periods of partial clearing, mostly in the afternoon. Lower aerosol concentrations and thicker clouds observed farther from the coast on 22-23 October are coincident with a pocket of open cells seen to the west and southwest of the ship. Observations from this cruise and other NOAA Stratus cruises (2001 and 2003-07) are suitable for comparison with model simulations and provide context for future field experiments. These datasets are publicly available. C1 [de Szoeke, S. P.; Fairall, C. W.; Pezoa, Sergio] NOAA, ESRL, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP de Szoeke, SP (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, Div Phys Sci, 325 Broadway,R-PSD3, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM simon.deszoeke@noaa.gov NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 22 IS 2 BP 458 EP 464 DI 10.1175/2008JCLI2555.1 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 413IN UT WOS:000263786900018 ER PT J AU Sapozhnikova, Y Pennington, P Wirth, E Fulton, M AF Sapozhnikova, Yelena Pennington, Paul Wirth, Edward Fulton, Michael TI Fate and transport of Irgarol 1051 in a modular estuarine mesocosm SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID ANTIFOULING COMPOUND IRGAROL; PAINT BOOSTER BIOCIDES; COASTAL WATERS; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; UK ESTUARIES; DEGRADATION; SUBSTANCES; DIURON; CONTAMINATION; VARIABILITY AB Fate and transport of Irgarol 1051 were assessed using a modular estuarine mesocosm containing natural seawater, saltmarsh sediments, marsh grass, shrimp, clams, snails, and naturally derived planktonic and benthic microorganisms. The mesocosms were enclosed in a greenhouse under near ambient conditions, and included a saltwater sump and a simulated tidal flux. The exposure was comprised of four replicate treatments of 0, 100, 1,000 and 10,000 ng/L Irgarol. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) was used to extract Irgarol and its major metabolite M1 (aka GS26575) from water samples. Sediment samples were extracted using Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) with 100% dichloromethane. Irgarol and M1 were separated and quantified utilizing Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) with ElectroSpray Ionization in Multiple Reaction Monitoring mode. Aqueous concentrations of Irgarol declined rapidly (average 93% loss) over the course of the 35 day experiment while Irgarol was accumulated in the sediments (average mass balance of 75 +/- 5%). Loss of aqueous Irgarol occurred in two distinct phases, a relatively rapid phase up to 96 hours post-dose, and a slower phase following 96 hours. The rate constants of the initial rapid degradation phase (k(1)) for treatments 100 and 1,000 ng/L Irgarol were 2-3 times higher than the rate constants of the subsequent slow degradation phase (k(2)) for these treatments. The average half-life of Irgarol in water was 7 +/- 3 days. The aqueous concentration of Irgarol's metabolite, M1 increased over the course of the experiment. By 35 days post-dose, M1 concentrations in water averaged about 3% of the parent compound. M1 also accumulated in mesocosm sediments (average 16.7 +/- 2.5% of total Irgarol dose). Mass balance calculations showed that by 35 days, Irgarol and M1 amounts in mesocosm water and sediments were close to 100% of the initial Irgarol dose. Average partition coefficient normalized for organic carbon (log K(oc)) calculated for Irgarol was 3.2 +/- 0.1 for 35 days post-dose. Accumulation of Irgarol and M1 in mesocosm sediments may warrant further study to assess toxicity for benthic communities. C1 [Sapozhnikova, Yelena] JIIT Inc, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Sapozhnikova, Yelena; Wirth, Edward; Fulton, Michael] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Pennington, Paul; Wirth, Edward; Fulton, Michael] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Sapozhnikova, Y (reprint author), JIIT Inc, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM yelena.sapozhnikova@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2009 VL 11 IS 4 BP 808 EP 814 DI 10.1039/b818273f PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 430VG UT WOS:000265017000017 PM 19557235 ER PT J AU Key, PB Hoguet, J Chung, KW Venturella, JJ Pennington, PL Fulton, MH AF Key, Peter B. Hoguet, Jennifer Chung, Katy W. Venturella, John J. Pennington, Paul L. Fulton, Michael H. TI Lethal and sublethal effects of simvastatin, irgarol, and PBDE-47 on the estuarine fish, Fundulus heteroclitus SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE Simvastatin; irgarol; PBDE-47; Fundulus heteroclitus ID 2 LIFE STAGES; PALAEMONETES-PUGIO; GRASS SHRIMP; FLAME RETARDANTS; ENVIRONMENT; CRUSTACEAN; TOXICITY AB This study investigated the effects of simvastatin, a lipid-regulating drug; irgarol, an antifouling biocide; and PBDE-47, a brominated flame retardant, on the estuarine fish, Fundulus heteroclitus. Sublethal effects (changes in glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (LPx), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and cholesterol (CHL) levels) and lethal effects (survival) were determined after individual exposure to the three compounds. There were no significant differences in GSH or CHL levels in fish exposed to any of the test compounds. LPx levels significantly decreased with increasing irgarol concentrations. AChE levels were significantly lower in fish exposed to simvastatin at the 1.25 mg/L concentration and significantly higher at the PBDE-47 concentration of 0.0125 mg/L. The LC50 values were 2.68, 3.22, and 0.1 mg/L for simvastatin, irgarol and PBDE-47, respectively. C1 [Key, Peter B.; Fulton, Michael H.] Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA. [Hoguet, Jennifer; Chung, Katy W.; Venturella, John J.; Pennington, Paul L.] JHT Inc, Natl Ocean Serv, Orlando, FL USA. RP Key, PB (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA. EM pete.key@noaa.gov NR 20 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 379 EP 382 AR PII 910401718 DI 10.1080/03601230902801083 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 435HL UT WOS:000265334700008 PM 19365754 ER PT J AU Delorenzo, ME Wallace, SC Danese, LE Baird, TD AF Delorenzo, Marie E. Wallace, Sarah C. Danese, Loren E. Baird, Thomas D. TI Temperature and salinity effects on the toxicity of common pesticides to the grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE Climate change; pesticides; toxicity; estuaries; shrimp ID COASTAL; CHLOROTHALONIL; ECOSYSTEMS; LETHAL; FATE AB This study investigated the effects of increased temperature and salinity, two potential impacts of global climate change, on the toxicity of two common pesticides to the estuarine grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio. Larval and adult grass shrimp were exposed to the fungicide chlorothalonil and the insecticide Scourge (R) under standard toxicity test conditions, a 10 degrees C increase in temperature, a 10 ppt increase in salinity, and a combined increased temperature and salinity exposure. Toxicity of the fungicide chlorothalonil increased with temperature and salinity. Toxicity of the insecticide Scourge (R) also increased with temperature; while increased salinity reduced Scourge (R) toxicity, but only in adult shrimp. These findings suggest that changes in temperature and salinity may alter the toxicity of certain pesticides, and that the nature of the effect will depend on both the organism's life stage and the chemical contaminant. Standard toxicity bioassays may not be predictive of actual pesticide toxicity under variable environmental conditions, and testing under a wider range of exposure conditions could improve the accuracy of chemical risk assessments. C1 [Delorenzo, Marie E.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, US Dept Commerce, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Wallace, Sarah C.] Hartwick Coll, Dept Biol, Oneonta, NY 13820 USA. [Danese, Loren E.; Baird, Thomas D.] Coll Charleston, Dept Biol, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. RP Delorenzo, ME (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, US Dept Commerce, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM marie.delorenzo@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); National Science Foundation REU Site [DBI-0552828]; Department of Defense ASSURE; National Ocean Service (NOS) FX We thank Katy Chung, Alex Hoopai, and Joe Jutzi for assistance with grass shrimp collection, culture and testing. We appreciate Paul Pennington, Pete Key, and Michael Fulton for providing input and advice on the manuscript. Funding for this research was provided by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Science Foundation REU Site Award DBI-0552828, and the Department of Defense ASSURE Program. The National Ocean Service (NOS) does not approve, recommend, or endorse any proprietary product or material mentioned in this publication. NR 19 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 2009 VL 44 IS 5 BP 455 EP 460 DI 10.1080/03601230902935121 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 535VW UT WOS:000273001000007 PM 20183050 ER PT J AU Williamson, CJ Pennington, PL Curran, MC AF Williamson, Christopher J. Pennington, Paul L. Curran, Mary Carla TI Toxicity of synthetic pyrethroid insecticides to the grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio, parasitized with the bopyrid isopod, Probopyrus pandalicola SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE Grass shrimp; bopyrid isopod; toxicity; pyrethroid; resmethrin; bifenthrin ID PACKARD; LETHAL; HOLTHUIS; PATTERNS; ADULT; MARSH AB The grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio, plays a large role in the marine ecosystem, serving as a vital link in the food web between many other species. Marine parasites such as the bopyrid isopod, Probopyrus pandalicola, reduce shrimp growth and reproductive output and may also cause P. pugio to be more vulnerable to the lethal effects of contaminants. The purpose of this study was to determine the toxicity of resmethrin and bifenthrin on the grass shrimp, P. pugio, infected with the bopyrid isopod, Probopyrus pandalicola. A 96-h static renewal test was conducted to determine the toxicity of the pyrethroid insecticides resmethrin and bifenthrin to grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio, parasitized with the bopyrid isopod, Probopyrus pandalicola. The results were then compared to similar tests utilizing unparasitized P. pugio. Parasitized P. pugio had lower 24-h LC(50) (1.08 mu g/L) and 96-h LC(50) (0.43 mu g/L) values for resmethrin than unparasitized P. pugio. However, LC(50) ratio tests found that there was no significant difference between parasitized and unparasitized shrimp when affected by resmethrin (p = 0.1751 and 0.1108, respectively). In contrast, an LC(10) ratio test indicated that there was a significant difference between parasitized and unparasitized P. pugio after 96 h (p < 0.0001). When subjected to bifenthrin, parasitized P. pugio had a higher 24-h LC(50) (0.049 mu g/L6) than unparasitized P. pugio. The LC(50) ratio test established that the effects of bifenthrin on parasitized P. pugio when compared to unparasitized P. pugio were significantly different at 24 h (p = 0.0065). However, there were no significant differences between parasitized and unparasitized after 96 h (p = 0.4229). In conclusion, both resmethrin and bifenthrin are toxic to the grass shrimp, P. pugio, regardless of parasite presence, and parasitized shrimp may be more susceptible to lower doses of resmethrin (when exposed in the field). C1 [Pennington, Paul L.] NOAA, JHT Inc, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Williamson, Christopher J.; Curran, Mary Carla] Savannah State Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Marine Sci Program, Savannah, GA USA. RP Pennington, PL (reprint author), NOAA, JHT Inc, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM paul.pennington@noaa.gov FU Living Marine Resource Cooperative Science Center by NOAA Living Marine Resource Cooperative Science Center FX This is Contribution Number 1580 of the Belle W. Baruch Institute for Marine and Coastal Sciences at the University of South Carolina. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 2009 VL 44 IS 8 BP 810 EP 816 DI 10.1080/03601230903238426 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 535VZ UT WOS:000273001300008 PM 20183094 ER PT J AU Onuma, TA Sato, S Katsumata, H Makino, K Hu, W Jodo, A Davis, ND Dickey, JT Ban, M Ando, H Fukuwaka, M Azumaya, T Swanson, P Urano, A AF Onuma, Takeshi A. Sato, Shunpei Katsumata, Hiroshi Makino, Keita Hu, WeiWei Jodo, Aya Davis, Nancy D. Dickey, Jon T. Ban, Masatoshi Ando, Hironori Fukuwaka, Masa-aki Azumaya, Tomonori Swanson, Penny Urano, Akihisa TI Activity of the pituitary-gonadal axis is increased prior to the onset of spawning migration of chum salmon SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE spawning migration; salmon; follicle-stimulating hormone; luteinizing hormone; steroid hormone; pituitary-gonadal axis ID GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; SUBUNIT GENE-EXPRESSION; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; ACUTE REGULATORY PROTEIN; SEX STEROID-HORMONES; CELLS IN-VITRO; MASU SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; GTH-II AB The activity of the pituitary-gonadal axis ( PG axis) in pre-migratory and homing chum salmon was examined because endocrine mechanisms underlying the onset of spawning migration remain unknown. Pre-migratory fish were caught in the central Bering Sea in June, July and September 2001, 2002 and 2003, and in the Gulf of Alaska in February 2006. They were classified into immature and maturing adults on the basis of gonadal development. The maturing adults commenced spawning migration to coastal areas by the end of summer, because almost all fish in the Bering Sea were immature in September. In the pituitaries of maturing adults, the copy numbers of FSH beta mRNA and the FSH content were 2.5- to 100-fold those of the immature fish. Similarly, the amounts of LH beta mRNA and LH content in the maturing adults were 100- to 1000-fold those of immature fish. The plasma levels of testosterone, 11-ketotestosterone and estradiol were higher than 10nmoll(-1) in maturing adults, but lower than 1.0nmoll(-1) in immature fish. The increase in the activity of the PG-axis components had already initiated in the maturing adults while they were still in the Gulf of Alaska in winter. In the homing adults, the pituitary contents and the plasma levels of gonadotropins and plasma sex steroid hormones peaked during upstream migration from the coast to the natal hatchery. The present results thus indicate that the seasonal increase in the activity of the PG axis is an important endocrine event that is inseparable from initiation of spawning migration of chum salmon. C1 [Onuma, Takeshi A.; Ando, Hironori] Kyushu Univ, Grad Sch Bioresource & Bioenvironm Sci, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. [Onuma, Takeshi A.; Katsumata, Hiroshi; Makino, Keita; Hu, WeiWei; Jodo, Aya; Urano, Akihisa] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Life Sci, Sect Biol Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. [Sato, Shunpei; Ban, Masatoshi] Fisheries Res Agcy, Natl Salmon Resources Ctr, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0620922, Japan. [Davis, Nancy D.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Dickey, Jon T.; Swanson, Penny] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 99164 USA. [Fukuwaka, Masa-aki; Azumaya, Tomonori] Fisheries Res Agcy, Hokkaido Natl Fisheries Res Inst, Kushiro, Hokkaido 0850802, Japan. RP Onuma, TA (reprint author), Kyushu Univ, Grad Sch Bioresource & Bioenvironm Sci, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. EM takeshikiai@msn.com RI U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016 NR 57 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 212 IS 1 BP 56 EP 70 DI 10.1242/jeb.021352 PG 15 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 384RX UT WOS:000261763000015 PM 19088211 ER PT J AU Hoff, GR AF Hoff, G. R. TI Skate Bathyraja spp. egg predation in the eastern Bering Sea SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alaska skate; Aleutian skate; Bering skate; Fusitriton; nursery ID ELASMOBRANCH EGGS; GASTROPOD; CHONDRICHTHYES; PACIFIC AB Predation on skate eggs by snails was examined for three skate species at seven nursery sites in three regions (north, middle and south) of the eastern Bering Sea. Mean predation levels were 6.46% for the Alaska skate Bathyraja parmifera, 2.65% for the Aleutian skate Bathyraja aleutica and 22.25% for the Bering skate Bathyraja interrupta. Predation levels were significantly higher at the middle and north sites than the south sites for all species combined. Predation levels decreased with increasing egg-case densities at all nursery sites, and the highest predation levels occurred where egg-case densities were very low. Predated egg-case density increased with increasing snail densities across all nursery sites examined. The Oregon triton Fusitriton oregonensis was the most abundant snail species at all nursery sites and displayed ability to drill holes in the egg case of B. parmifera. Holes left by predatory snails in egg cases of B. parmifera were significantly larger, and of different shape at the middle site compared to the south site. Holes in B. parmifera were also significantly larger than those in egg cases of B. interrupta across all sites examined. Egg cases of B. aleutica possess surface spines that cover the egg case and may inhibit predation by snails at a greater rate than that of the B. parmifera and B. interrupta, which have a smoother egg-case surface. C1 NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hoff, GR (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM jerry.hoff@noaa.gov FU North Pacific Research Board [415]; Essential Fish Habitat (EFH); Alaska Fisheries Science Center FX I thank the skippers and crew of the F.Vs Ocean Explorer, Sea Storm, Nordic Fury, Arcturus, Aldebaran, Great Pacific and R.V. Miller Freeman. Thanks to the scientists at the Alaska Fisheries Science Center: D. Stevenson, S. Kotwicki, S. Gaichas, R. Reuter, E. Iwamoto, E. Acuna, E. Jorgenson, C. Gredzens, B. Lauth, and R. Nelson, G. Stauffer and C. Rose for Fig. 4. Thanks to B. Voss for his tremendous help with the literature searches and obtaining research materials. Thanks to T. Essington, D. Gunderson, D. Kimura, T. Pietsch, C. Rooper and J. Boldt, and the unidentified reviewers for their review and helpful suggestions to improve this manuscript. This project was supported by North Pacific Research Board (NPRB grant #415) and Essential Fish Habitat (EFH) funding during 2004 and 2006, and generous support from the Alaska Fisheries Science Center. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 74 IS 1 BP 250 EP 269 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.02137.x PG 20 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 395ID UT WOS:000262516900017 PM 20735537 ER PT J AU Tezanos-Pinto, G Baker, CS Russell, K Martien, K Baird, RW Hutt, A Stone, G Mignucci-Giannoni, AA Caballero, S Endo, T Lavery, S Oremus, M Olavarria, C Garrigue, C AF Tezanos-Pinto, Gabriela Baker, Charles Scott Russell, Kirsty Martien, Karen Baird, Robin W. Hutt, Alistair Stone, Gregory Mignucci-Giannoni, Antonio A. Caballero, Susana Endo, Tetusya Lavery, Shane Oremus, Marc Olavarria, Carlos Garrigue, Claire TI A Worldwide Perspective on the Population Structure and Genetic Diversity of Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in New Zealand SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; PCR PRODUCTS; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; PHENOTYPIC ASSOCIATIONS; CLADISTIC-ANALYSIS; HUMAN CONSUMPTION; HUMPBACK WHALES; KOREAN MARKETS; CONTROL REGION; RED MEAT AB Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) occupy a wide range of coastal and pelagic habitats throughout tropical and temperate waters worldwide. In some regions, "inshore" and "offshore" forms or ecotypes differ genetically and morphologically, despite no obvious boundaries to interchange. Around New Zealand, bottlenose dolphins inhabit 3 coastal regions: Northland, Marlborough Sounds, and Fiordland. Previous demographic studies showed no interchange of individuals among these populations. Here, we describe the genetic structure and diversity of these populations using skin samples collected with a remote biopsy dart. Analysis of the molecular variance from mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences (n = 193) showed considerable differentiation among populations (F-ST = 0.17, (ST) = 0.21, P < 0.001) suggesting little or no female gene flow or interchange. All 3 populations showed higher mtDNA diversity than expected given their small population sizes and isolation. To explain the source of this variation, 22 control region haplotypes from New Zealand were compared with 108 haplotypes worldwide representing 586 individuals from 19 populations and including both inshore and offshore ecotypes as described in the Western North Atlantic. All haplotypes found in the Pacific, regardless of population habitat use (i.e., coastal or pelagic), are more divergent from populations described as inshore ecotype in the Western North Atlantic than from populations described as offshore ecotype. Analysis of gene flow indicated long-distance dispersal among coastal and pelagic populations worldwide (except for those haplotypes described as inshore ecotype in the Western North Atlantic), suggesting that these populations are interconnected on an evolutionary timescale. This finding suggests that habitat specialization has occurred independently in different ocean basins, perhaps with Tursiops aduncus filling the ecological niche of the inshore ecotype in some coastal regions of the Indian and Western Pacific Oceans. C1 [Tezanos-Pinto, Gabriela; Baker, Charles Scott; Russell, Kirsty; Caballero, Susana; Lavery, Shane; Oremus, Marc; Olavarria, Carlos] Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Auckland, New Zealand. [Martien, Karen] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Baird, Robin W.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Hutt, Alistair] Dept Conservat, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. [Stone, Gregory] New England Aquarium, Boston, MA 02110 USA. [Mignucci-Giannoni, Antonio A.] Red Caribena Varamientos, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Endo, Tetusya] Hlth Sci Univ Hokkaido, Ishikari, Hokkaido 0610293, Japan. [Oremus, Marc] Ctr Rech Insulaires & Observ Environm, Papetoai Moorea, Fr Polynesia. [Olavarria, Carlos] Ctr Estudios Cuaternario, Punta Arenas, Chile. [Garrigue, Claire] Operat Cetaces, Noumea 98802, New Caledonia. RP Tezanos-Pinto, G (reprint author), Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand. EM g.tezanospinto@auckland.ac.nz RI Garrigue, Claire/I-4704-2016; OI Garrigue, Claire/0000-0002-8117-3370; Mignucci-Giannoni, Antonio A./0000-0003-1443-4873 FU Northland Marine Mammal Trust; Department of Conservation (Northland) [012438-001-AU1]; Royal Forest and Bird Society; University of Auckland; Whale and Dolphin Adoption Project; Royal Society of New Zealand; Department of Conservation (West Coast); Puerto Rico's Legislature and Dolphin Quest; Department of the Environment and Heritage (Australian Government); International Fund for Animal Welfare FX Northland Marine Mammal Trust; Department of Conservation (Northland) Contract 012438-001-AU1; J. Watson Conservation Trust from the Royal Forest and Bird Society; Postgraduate Tuition Fee Bursary (University of Auckland) and the Whale and Dolphin Adoption Project to G.T.P.; Marsden Fund of the Royal Society of New Zealand to C.S.B.; Department of Conservation (West Coast) to K.R; Puerto Rico's Legislature and Dolphin Quest to A.A. M.-G; and Natural Heritage Trust from the Department of the Environment and Heritage (Australian Government) and International Fund for Animal Welfare to C.O. NR 89 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 21 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 EI 1465-7333 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 100 IS 1 BP 11 EP 24 DI 10.1093/jhered/esn039 PG 14 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 386RX UT WOS:000261901400003 PM 18495650 ER PT J AU Schultz, JK Baker, JD Toonen, RJ Bowen, BW AF Schultz, Jennifer K. Baker, Jason D. Toonen, Robert J. Bowen, Brian W. TI Extremely Low Genetic Diversity in the Endangered Hawaiian Monk Seal (Monachus schauinslandi) SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN ELEPHANT SEAL; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; POPULATION BOTTLENECKS; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; INBREEDING DEPRESSION; MAMMALIAN POPULATIONS; CONSERVATION GENETICS; ISLAND POPULATION; COMPUTER-PROGRAM AB Hunted to near extinction in the late 19th century, the endangered and endemic Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi) exhibits low variation at all molecular markers tested to date. Here we confirm extreme paucity of genetic diversity, finding polymorphisms at only 8 of 154 microsatellite loci tested (143 novel species-specific loci, 10 loci from Antarctic seals, and 1 previously characterized locus). This screening revealed unprecedentedly low levels of allelic diversity and heterozygosity (A = 1.1, H-e = 0.026). Subsequent analyses of 2409 Hawaiian monk seals at the 8 polymorphic loci provide evidence for a bottleneck (P = 0.002), but simulations indicate low genetic diversity (H-e < 0.09) prior to recorded human influence. There is little indication of contemporary inbreeding (F-IS = 0.018) or population structure (K = 1 population). Minimal genetic variation did not prevent partial recovery by the late 1950s and may not be driving the current population decline to similar to 1200 seals. Nonetheless, genotyping nearly every individual living during the past 25 years sets a new benchmark for low genetic diversity in an endangered species. C1 [Schultz, Jennifer K.; Toonen, Robert J.; Bowen, Brian W.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Zool, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Schultz, Jennifer K.; Toonen, Robert J.; Bowen, Brian W.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Schultz, JK (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Zool, POB 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. EM jschultz@hawaii.edu RI Toonen, Rob/K-2891-2012 OI Toonen, Rob/0000-0001-6339-4340 FU National Science Foundation [IGE05-49514, EPS02-37065, DGE02-32016, OCE-0453167, OCE-0623678]; Environmental Protection Agency [STAR-U916136]; Marine Mammal Commission Research Grant [GS00M04PDM0027]; Achievement Rewards for College Scientists Maybelle Roth Fellowship; Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem Reserve FX National Science Foundation (IGE05-49514 to J.K.S. via B. A. Wilcox, EPS02-37065 to J.K.S. via J.C. Leong, DGE02-32016 to J.K.S. via K.Y. Kaneshiro, OCE-0453167 to B.W.B., OCE-0623678 to R.J.T.); Environmental Protection Agency (STAR-U916136 to J.K.S.); Marine Mammal Commission Research Grant (GS00M04PDM0027 to R.J.T., J.K.S., and B. W. B.); Achievement Rewards for College Scientists Maybelle Roth Fellowship (to J.K.S.), Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem Reserve (to J.K.S.). NR 75 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 6 U2 51 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 EI 1465-7333 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 100 IS 1 BP 25 EP 33 DI 10.1093/jhered/esn077 PG 9 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 386RX UT WOS:000261901400004 PM 18815116 ER PT J AU VanderHart, DL Prabhu, VM De Silva, A Felix, NM Ober, CK AF VanderHart, David L. Prabhu, Vivek M. De Silva, Anuja Felix, Nelson M. Ober, Christopher K. TI Solid state NMR investigation of photoresist molecular glasses including blend behavior with a photoacid generator SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; PROTON SPIN-DIFFUSION; MULTIPLE PULSE NMR; HIGH-RESOLUTION; POLYMER BLENDS; NANOMETER LITHOGRAPHY; RESISTS; FILMS; SPECTROSCOPY AB We have examined four molecular glass (MG) materials that show promise as photoresists for extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) lithography. These glass-forming materials were investigated by proton and (13)C solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques in the bulk state as pure materials and as mixtures with (5 or 10) % by mass of the photoacid generator (PAG), triphenylsulfonium perfluorobutanesulfonate. The (13)C techniques gave information about crystallinity, purity, and the qualitative existence of multiple phases. Proton studies focused on using spin diffusion to characterize the intimacy of mixing of the PAG and MG blends. The four MGs were largely aromatic materials containing several hydroxyl groups that were partially protected by t-butoxycarbonyl (t-BOC) groups. In two cases, this fraction was varied and the impact on mixing noted. Phase separation of the PAG into PAG-rich larger domains was never seen; the PAG was always finely distributed and the maximum size for any PAG clustering was estimated; however, in some cases, the average local concentration of PAG appeared to vary. Crystallinity was only seen associated with the underivatized materials implying that the mixing of the PAG with any derivatized MG was not restricted by crystallization. It was also noted that some very strong hydrogen bonds exist in three of the four underivatized materials and were eliminated or weakened upon partial derivatization with t-BOC. C1 [VanderHart, David L.; Prabhu, Vivek M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [De Silva, Anuja] Cornell Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Felix, Nelson M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Ober, Christopher K.] Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP Prabhu, VM (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vprabhu@nist.gov; cober@ccmr.cornell.edu FU Intel Corporation and NIST [CN-1893]; Semiconductor Research Corporation; Intel Corporation FX V. M. P. and D. L. V. acknowledge support by a cooperative research and development agreement between Intel Corporation and NIST ( NIST CRADA # CN-1893). We also would like to recognize Kwang-Woo Choi, Manish Chandhok, Wang Yueh, Todd Younkin, Melissa Shell, George Thompson, and Christof Krautschik from Intel, and Eric Lin from NIST for their interest and support. The Cornell authors thank Semiconductor Research Corporation ( SRC) and Intel Corporation for funding. The Cornell Nanoscale Science and Technology Facility ( CNF) and the Cornell Center for Materials Research ( CCMR) are thanked for use of their facilities. NR 42 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2009 VL 19 IS 18 BP 2683 EP 2694 DI 10.1039/b816290e PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 441AG UT WOS:000265740600006 ER PT J AU Richter, C Jaye, C Panaitescu, E Fischer, DA Lewis, LH Willey, RJ Menon, L AF Richter, Christiaan Jaye, Cherno Panaitescu, Eugen Fischer, Daniel A. Lewis, Laura H. Willey, Ronald J. Menon, Latika TI Effect of potassium adsorption on the photochemical properties of titania nanotube arrays SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHARGE-TRANSFER; TIO2 NANOTUBES; WATER; PHOTORESPONSE; ANODIZATION; STABILITY; SURFACE AB It is demonstrated that vertically-aligned titania nanotube planar arrays fabricated by electrochemical anodization using standard potassium-containing electrolytes invariably contain a significant amount of surface-adsorbed potassium ions, hitherto undetected, that affect the titania photoelectrochemical or PEC performance. Synchrotron-based near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy reveals the strong ionic nature of surface potassium-titania bonds that alters the PEC performance over that of pure titania nanotubes through reduction of the external electrical bias needed to produce hydrogen at maximum efficiency. This result implies that the external electrical energy input required per liter of solar hydrogen produced with potassium-adsorbed titania nanotubes may be reduced. Tailoring the potassium content may thus be an alternative means to fine-tune the photoelectrochemical response of TiO(2) nanotube-based PEC electrodes. C1 [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Richter, Christiaan; Lewis, Laura H.; Willey, Ronald J.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Panaitescu, Eugen; Menon, Latika] Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Fischer, DA (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dfischer@nist.gov; l.menon@neu.edu RI Panaitescu, Eugen/A-9237-2011 FU NSF CAREER [ECCS-0551468] FX This work is supported by NSF CAREER Grant, ECCS-0551468. LHL gratefully acknowledges support by a subcontract from Brookhaven National Laboratory. The authors thank A. R. Moodenbaugh for critical review of the manuscript. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2009 VL 19 IS 19 BP 2963 EP 2967 DI 10.1039/b822501j PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 443OJ UT WOS:000265919300013 ER PT J AU Richardson, MC Braterman, PS AF Richardson, Mickey C. Braterman, Paul S. TI Cation exchange by anion-exchanging clays: the effects of particle aging SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDE; HYDROTALCITE-LIKE COMPOUNDS; MIXED OXIDES; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; INFRARED-SPECTRA; CARBONATE; BRUCITE; IONS; LDH; ZN AB We have observed the effects of exposure to aqueous transition metal cations of freshly prepared, and thermally aged, layered double hydroxides (LDHs) of type Mg(2)Al(OH)(6)Cl center dot xH(2)O. For M(II) = Co(II), Ni(II), or Zn(II), freshly prepared material undergoes complete reconstitution to give products of composition (M(II)Mg)(2)Al(OH)(6)Cl, while thermally aged LDH undergoes surface adsorption of a small amount of M(II) cations. Infrared spectroscopy shows that the former represents a distinct phase, different from both the parent and the M(II)(2)Al(OH)(6)Cl, which we prepared for comparison. The same appears true for M(II) = Mn(II), although facile air oxidation complicates the picture. With Cu(II), as might be expected from its high acidity, more extensive changes occur with destruction of the LDH lattice. The results from both types of parent LDH suggest a significant difference in reaction pathways. C1 [Richardson, Mickey C.; Braterman, Paul S.] Univ N Texas, Dept Chem, Denton, TX 76203 USA. RP Richardson, MC (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mickey.richardson@nist.gov FU Welch Foundation [B-1445]; University of North Texas Faculty Research Fund FX We thank the Welch Foundation (Grant B-1445) and the University of North Texas Faculty Research Fund for support, and Dr Guillermo Mendoza Diaz and Dr Jesu's Martin Polo of Universidad de Guanajuato for some preliminary far-infrared spectra. NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2009 VL 19 IS 42 BP 7965 EP 7975 DI 10.1039/b908516e PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 508OG UT WOS:000270942100024 ER PT J AU Cheung, J Migdall, A Rastello, ML AF Cheung, Jessica Migdall, Alan Rastello, Maria-Luisa TI Introduction SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID SINGLE-PHOTON; SPECIAL-ISSUE; DETECTORS C1 [Cheung, Jessica] NPL, Teddington, Middx, England. [Migdall, Alan] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rastello, Maria-Luisa] INRIM, Turin, Italy. RP Cheung, J (reprint author), NPL, Teddington, Middx, England. NR 2 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2009 VL 56 IS 2-3 BP 139 EP 140 AR PII 909146313 DI 10.1080/09500340802556627 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA 413UV UT WOS:000263818900001 ER PT J AU Stevens, MJ Hadfield, RH Gerrits, T Clement, TS Mirin, RP Nam, SW AF Stevens, Martin J. Hadfield, Robert H. Gerrits, Thomas Clement, Tracy S. Mirin, Richard P. Nam, Sae Woo TI Infrared wavelength-dependent optical characterization of NbN nanowire superconducting single-photon detectors SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Workshop on Single-Photon Detectors CY SEP 24-28, 2007 CL Ist Nazl Ric Metrol, Turin, ITALY SP SINPHONIA HO Ist Nazl Ric Metrol DE single-photon detectors; time-correlated single-photon counting; superconducting devices; infrared photodetectors ID QUANTUM COMMUNICATIONS; AVALANCHE PHOTODIODE; PERFORMANCE; LASER AB We report optical characterization of NbN nanowire superconducting single-photon detectors as a function of wavelength in the near infrared. System detection efficiency decreases from 6% at 1.15 m to 2% at 1.72 m, while timing jitter remains relatively constant at 60 ps full-width-half-maximum over the range 0.7-2.0 m. We further demonstrate the capabilities of this detector with a time-correlated single-photon counting measurement of photoluminescence from a semiconductor sample emitting at 1.65 m. C1 [Stevens, Martin J.; Gerrits, Thomas; Clement, Tracy S.; Mirin, Richard P.; Nam, Sae Woo] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO USA. [Hadfield, Robert H.] Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Stevens, MJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO USA. EM marty@nist.gov RI Hadfield, Robert/L-8081-2013; OI Hadfield, Robert/0000-0002-8084-4187; Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655 NR 28 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2009 VL 56 IS 2-3 BP 358 EP 363 AR PII 908387973 DI 10.1080/09500340802322426 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 413UV UT WOS:000263818900027 ER PT J AU Brida, G Degiovanni, IP Schettini, V Polyakov, SV Migdall, A AF Brida, G. Degiovanni, I. P. Schettini, V. Polyakov, S. V. Migdall, A. TI Improved implementation and modeling of deadtime reduction in an actively multiplexed detection system SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Workshop on Single-Photon Detectors CY SEP 24-28, 2007 CL Ist Nazl Ric Metrol, Turin, ITALY SP SINPHONIA HO Ist Nazl Ric Metrol DE fast fiber switch; InGaAs single-photon avalanche detector (SPAD); multiplexing; parametric down-conversion; photon counting ID SINGLE-PHOTON AB We have presented a scheme to allow photon counting at higher rates than is otherwise possible with existing photon-counting detectors and detection systems. This is done by multiplexing a pool of detectors in a way that greatly suppresses the effect of the deadtimes of the individual detectors. In our previous work we demonstrated the advantage of this approach over simply trying to improve the deadtime of an individual detector or using the type of passively switched system that can be implemented with group of detectors and a tree of beamsplitters. Here, we present an extension of the theoretical modeling of our actively multiplexed scheme to include effects that arise solely from the use of detectors that require gating. We see that such detectors exhibit a deadtime associated with their gate circuitry, independent of whether the detector fires or not, that should be treated separately from the deadtime due to an actual photodetection. In addition, we present experimental results made with an improved switch control system and shorter gate deadtime demonstrating an approximate twofold effective deadtime improvement over our previous demonstration. C1 [Brida, G.; Degiovanni, I. P.; Schettini, V.] Ist Nazl Ric Metrol, Turin, Italy. [Polyakov, S. V.; Migdall, A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Polyakov, S. V.; Migdall, A.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Degiovanni, IP (reprint author), Ist Nazl Ric Metrol, Turin, Italy. EM i.degiovanni@inrim.it RI Degiovanni, Ivo Pietro/F-2140-2013 OI Degiovanni, Ivo Pietro/0000-0003-0332-3115 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2009 VL 56 IS 2-3 BP 405 EP 412 AR PII 905335777 DI 10.1080/09500340802304937 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 413UV UT WOS:000263818900035 ER PT J AU Polyakov, SV Migdall, AL AF Polyakov, Sergey V. Migdall, Alan L. TI Quantum radiometry SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Review DE single photon detector; metrology; high accuracy measurement; parametric downconversion ID EFFICIENCY MEASUREMENTS; CORRELATED PHOTONS; HIGH-ACCURACY; CALIBRATION; DETECTORS AB We review radiometric techniques that take advantage of photon counting and stem from the quantum laws of nature. We present a brief history of metrological experiments and review the current state of experimental quantum radiometry. C1 [Polyakov, Sergey V.; Migdall, Alan L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Polyakov, Sergey V.; Migdall, Alan L.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Migdall, AL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM migdall@nist.gov FU Army Research Office/ Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity program [DAAD19-03-1-0199] FX We acknowledge the support of the MURI Center for Photonic Quantum Information Systems ( Army Research Office/ Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity program DAAD19-03-1-0199). NR 28 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2009 VL 56 IS 9 BP 1045 EP 1052 AR PII 912445365 DI 10.1080/09500340902919477 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 459KU UT WOS:000267101900001 ER PT J AU Davis, W Ohno, Y AF Davis, Wendy Ohno, Yoshi TI Approaches to color rendering measurement SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference and Business Meeting of the Council-for-Optical-Radiation-Measurements CY JUN 10-11, 2008 CL Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY SP Council Opt Radiat Measurements HO Rensselaer Polytech Inst DE color rendering; colorimetry; light sources; light-emitting diodes ID LIGHT-SOURCES; CONTRAST AB Color rendering refers to a light source's ability to make the colors of illuminated objects appear natural or accurate. The color rendering index (CRI) is currently the only internationally-standardized way to assess a light source's color rendering abilities. The CRI has shortcomings in application, however, and its problems are pronounced when applied to newer lighting technologies, such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Since the introduction of the CRI to the present day, alternative methods have been proposed and studied. Some methods are based on the shape of the spectral output of the source, considering broadband sources to have better color rendering than sources with spectral peaks or valleys. Several proposals share the basic method of CRI, with modifications to improve performance. Still other ideas are based on measures of the gamut area of rendered object colors. The International Commission on Illumination (CIE) is in the process of developing and recommending a new metric of color rendition. C1 [Davis, Wendy; Ohno, Yoshi] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Davis, W (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wendy.davis@nist.gov NR 39 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2009 VL 56 IS 13 BP 1412 EP 1419 AR PII 912045776 DI 10.1080/09500340903023733 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 491OF UT WOS:000269587800002 ER PT J AU Nadal, M Miller, CC Harold, R Gossen, PD AF Nadal, Maria Miller, C. Cameron Harold, Richard Gossen, Paul D. TI Measurement standards for optically active coatings to improve shipboard tank preservation SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference and Business Meeting of the Council-for-Optical-Radiation-Measurements CY JUN 10-11, 2008 CL Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY SP Council Opt Radiat Measurements HO Rensselaer Polytech Inst DE luminance ratio; optically active coatings; tolerances; uncertainty budget AB The cost of corrosion control to the Department of Defense (DOD) is estimated to be $20B/yr. Eliminating coating defects during the coating application job is the key to extending coating service life. Fluorescent coatings containing additives that fluoresce under violet light are commercially available. NAVSEA requires a specification and test method for this fluorescent coating so that it can be specified in Navy coating contracts. The objective of the present work is to develop a tolerance budget so ASTM committee E12 on Color and Appearance had the knowledge to develop an ASTM test method characterizing the fluorescent optical property. Presented is the measurement equation, the experimental and simulation details, along with the analysis to determine sensitivity coefficients to develop a tolerance budget. C1 [Nadal, Maria; Miller, C. Cameron] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Harold, Richard] Color & Appearance Consulting LLC, Herndon, VA USA. [Gossen, Paul D.] Natl Surface Treatment Ctr, Louisville, KY 40208 USA. RP Nadal, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM maria.nadal@nist.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2009 VL 56 IS 13 BP 1475 EP 1487 AR PII 913475480 DI 10.1080/09500340902853312 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 491OF UT WOS:000269587800008 ER PT J AU Miller, CC AF Miller, C. Cameron TI Fractional retroreflection and observation angularity measurements using imaging technology SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference and Business Meeting of the Council-for-Optical-Radiation-Measurements CY JUN 10-11, 2008 CL Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY SP Council Opt Radiat Measurements HO Rensselaer Polytech Inst DE fractional retroreflection; imaging photometer; observation angularity; retroreflection; uncertainty AB NIST has developed a photometric imaging based method for the measurement of the coefficient of retroreflected luminance. The imaging technology based system simultaneously collects a complete dataset of coefficients of retroreflected luminance (-4 degrees 4 degrees, - ) for a given entrance angle and orientation angle. The advantages include the time required to collect a large number of data points. Over a million data points can be collected in one minute compared to the collection of a thousand data points, which are an incomplete sampling of the retroreflected rho angle and observation angle space, in over 3 hours. The fast measurement of the large number of points allows for a smaller uncertainty for the determination of parameters such as fractional retroreflectance and observation angularity. The direct comparison of the two methods revealed that a larger point-by-point set is required to validate the imaging method. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Miller, CC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr STOP 8442, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM c.miller@nist.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2009 VL 56 IS 13 BP 1509 EP 1517 AR PII 912603382 DI 10.1080/09500340903023758 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 491OF UT WOS:000269587800012 ER PT J AU Lee, J Meyer, ER Paudel, R Bohn, JL Leanhardt, AE AF Lee, J. Meyer, E. R. Paudel, R. Bohn, J. L. Leanhardt, A. E. TI An electron electric dipole moment search in the X-3 Delta(1) ground state of tungsten carbide molecules SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Winter Colloquium on the Physics of Quantum Electronics CY JAN 04-08, 2009 CL Snowbird, UT DE precision measurement; tungsten carbide; electron electric dipole moment; CP-violation; supersymmetry ID BASIS-SETS; ATOMS; PARAMETERS; PHYSICS AB We identify the X-3 Delta(1) electronic ground state of tungsten carbide (WC) as a candidate molecular system in which to search for a permanent electric dipole moment (EDM) of the electron. The valence electrons in tungsten carbide experience an effective electric field of order 54 GV cm(-1) when the molecule is placed in a laboratory electric field of just a few mV cm(-1). Currently, a continuous tungsten carbide molecular beam is under construction. Tungsten atoms are evaporated from a resistively heated tungsten filament and are entrained in a noble gas jet containing a small fraction of methane. Tungsten carbide molecules are formed through the reaction W + CH4 -> WC + 2H(2). C1 [Lee, J.; Leanhardt, A. E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Meyer, E. R.; Bohn, J. L.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Meyer, E. R.; Bohn, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Paudel, R.] Wabash Coll, Dept Phys, Crawfordsville, IN 47933 USA. RP Leanhardt, AE (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM aehardt@umich.edu NR 35 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2009 VL 56 IS 18-19 SI SI BP 2005 EP 2012 DI 10.1080/09500340903349930 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 527QE UT WOS:000272380800015 ER PT J AU Kirkpatrick, R Masiello, T Jariyasopit, N Nibler, JW Maki, A Blake, TA Weber, A AF Kirkpatrick, Robynne Masiello, Tony Jariyasopit, Narumol Nibler, Joseph W. Maki, Arthur Blake, Thomas A. Weber, Alfons TI High-resolution rovibrational study of the Coriolis-coupled nu(12) and nu(15) modes of [1.1.1]propellane SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Infrared; Rovibrational spectrum; High resolution; Ab inito; Propellane ID ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; <1.1.1>PROPELLANE; SPECTRUM AB Infrared spectra of the small strained cage molecule [1.1.1]propellane have been obtained at high resolution (0.0015 cm(-1)) and the J. K, and l rovibrational structure has been resolved for the first time. We recently used these spectra to obtain combination-differences to deduce ground state parameters for propellane; over 4100 differences from five fundamental and four combination bands were used in the fitting process. The combination-difference approach eliminated potential errors caused by localized perturbations in the upper states and gave well-determined ground state parameters. In the current work, these ground state constants were fixed when fitting the upper state parameters for the nu(12) (e') perpendicular and nu(15) (a(2)'') parallel bands. Over 4000 infrared transitions were fitted for each band, with J, K values ranging up to 71, 51 and 92, 90, respectively. While the transition wavenumbers for both bands can be fit nicely using separate analyses for each band, the strong intensity perturbations observed in the weaker nu(12) band indicated that Coriolis coupling between the two modes was significant and should be included. Due to correlations with other parameters, the Coriolis coupling parameter zeta(y)(15,12 alpha) for the nu(15) and nu(12) interaction is poorly determined by a transition wavenumber fit alone but, fortunately, the intensity perturbations gave useful added constraints on zeta(y)(15,12 alpha). By combining the wavenumber fit with a fit of experimental intensities, a value of -0.42 was obtained, quite close to the value of -0.44 predicted by Gaussian ab initio density functional calculations using a cc-pVTZ basis. This intensity fit also yielded a (partial derivative mu(z)/partial derivative Q(15))/(partial derivative mu(x)/partial derivative Q(12 alpha)) dipole derivative ratio of 36.5, in reasonable agreement with a value of 29.2 predicted by the ab initio calculations. This ratio is unusually high due to large charge movement as the novel central C-axial-C-axial bond is displaced along the symmetry axis of the molecule for the nu(15) mode. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kirkpatrick, Robynne; Jariyasopit, Narumol; Nibler, Joseph W.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Masiello, Tony] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Weber, Alfons] NIST, Opt Tech Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nibler, JW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, 101 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM joseph.nibler@orst.edu FU Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory FX The research described here was performed, in part, in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. We thank Robert Sans for helpful advice and assistance in recording the infrared spectra of propellane in this facility, and Dr. Tim Hubler, also at PNNL, for his advice on synthesis techniques. Support to J.W. Nibler from the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Senior Scientist Mentor Program is acknowledged. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 253 IS 1 BP 41 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2008.09.013 PG 10 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 394LF UT WOS:000262447500007 ER PT J AU Lafferty, WJ Flaud, JM Ngom, EHA Sams, RL AF Lafferty, W. J. Flaud, J. -M. Ngom, El Hadji Abib Sams, R. L. TI (SO2)-S-34-O-16: High-resolution analysis of the (030),(101), (111), (002) and (201) vibrational states; determination of equilibrium rotational constants for sulfur dioxide and anharmonic vibrational constants SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE High resolution infrared spectra; Rotation-vibration constants; Equilibrium structure; Vibrational harmonic and anharmonic constants AB High resolution Fourier transform spectra of a sample of sulfur dioxide, enriched in S-34 (95.3%). were completely analyzed leading to a large set of assigned lines. The experimental levels derived from this set of transitions were fit to within their experimental uncertainties using Watson-type Hamiltonians. Precise band centers, rotational and centrifugal distortion constants were determined. The following band centers in cm(-1) were obtained: nu(0)(3 nu(2))=1538.720198(11), nu(0)(nu(1) + nu(3))=2475.828004(29), nu(0)(nu(1) + nu(2) + nu(3))=2982.118600(20), nu(0)(2 nu(3))=2679.800919(35), and nu(0)(2 nu(1) + nu(3))=3598.773915(38). The rotational constants obtained in this work have been fit together with the rotational constants of lower-lying vibrational states [W.J. Lafferty, J.-M. Flaud, R.L. Sams. EL Hadjiabib, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 252 (2008) 72-76] to obtain equilibrium constants as well as vibration-rotation constants. These equilibrium constants have been fit together with those of (SO2)-S-32-O-16 [J.-M. Flaud, W.J. Lafferty, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 16 (1993) 396-402] leading to an improved equilibrium structure. Finally the observed band centers have been fit to obtain anharmonic rotational constants. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Lafferty, W. J.] NIST, Optical Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Flaud, J. -M.] Univ Paris Est, CNRS, Lab Inter Univ Syst Atmospher, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Flaud, J. -M.] Univ Paris 07, CNRS, Lab Inter Univ Syst Atmospher, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Ngom, El Hadji Abib] Univ Cheikh Anta Diop, Ecole Super Polytech, Dakar, Senegal. [Sams, R. L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lafferty, WJ (reprint author), NIST, Optical Technol, MS 8441, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program; United States Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division; United States Department of Energy by Battelle [DE-AC05-76RLO 1830] FX The portion of this work performed at NIST was supported by the NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program. This research was also supported, in part, by the United States Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division and the experimental part was performed at the W. R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research located at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the United States Department of Energy by Battelle under contract DE-AC05-76RLO 1830. This paper has been greatly improved by the editorial comments of Marilyn jacox. NR 8 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 253 IS 1 BP 51 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2008.09.006 PG 4 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 394LF UT WOS:000262447500008 ER PT J AU Saylor, DM Kim, CS Patwardhan, DV Warren, JA AF Saylor, David M. Kim, Chang-Soo Patwardhan, Dinesh V. Warren, James A. TI Modeling Microstructure Development and Release Kinetics in Controlled Drug Release Coatings SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE controlled release/delivery; thermodynamics; dissolution; diffusion; in silico modeling; mathematical model; solubility; biodegradable polymers ID POLYMER-SOLVENT SYSTEMS; DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS; MACROPOROUS POLYMERS; ELUTING STENTS; SOLUBILITY; DELIVERY; MATRICES AB In recent years, controlled release coatings, comprised of drug-polymer composites, have been integrated with medical devices, improving device functionality and performance. However, relationships between material properties, manufacturing environment, composite (micro)structure, and subsequent release kinetics are not well established. We apply a thermodynamically consistent model to probe the influence of drug-polymer chemistry (phobicity), drug loading, and evaporation rate on microstructure development during fabrication. For these structures, we compute release profiles for exposure to polymer-insoluble media and media in which the polymer readily dissolves. We find that with increasing drug-polymer phobicity, structural heterogeneities form at lower loadings and more rapid rates. The heterogeneities remain isolated and compact at low loadings and become interconnected as the drug to polymer ratio approaches 1.0. Release into polymer-insoluble media was dramatically enhanced by heterogeneities, resulting in up to a fourfold increase in drug release. In polymer-soluble media, however, heterogeneities diminished release. Although reductions of only 30% were typically observed, the absolute changes were much larger than observed in polymer-insoluble media. Our results suggest that improved comprehension and quantification of the pbysico-chemical properties in controlled release systems will enable the microstructure to be tailored to achieve desired responses that are insensitive to manufacturing variations. (C) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 98:169-186, 2009 C1 [Saylor, David M.; Kim, Chang-Soo; Patwardhan, Dinesh V.] US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Off Sci & Engn Labs, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. [Warren, James A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Labs, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Saylor, DM (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Off Sci & Engn Labs, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. EM david.saylor@fda.hhs.gov RI Warren, James/B-1698-2008 OI Warren, James/0000-0001-6887-1206 NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0022-3549 J9 J PHARM SCI-US JI J. Pharm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 98 IS 1 BP 169 EP 186 DI 10.1002/jps.21416 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 391JC UT WOS:000262228600015 PM 18481310 ER PT J AU Patek, J Hruby, J Klomfar, J Souckova, M Harvey, AH AF Patek, Jaroslav Hruby, Jan Klomfar, Jaroslav Souckova, Monika Harvey, Allan H. TI Reference Correlations for Thermophysical Properties of Liquid Water at 0.1 MPa SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE acoustic wave velocity; permittivity; specific heat; thermal conductivity; viscosity; water ID THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; SUPERCOOLED WATER; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; DENSITY; FORMULATION; TEMPERATURE; STEAM; PERMITTIVITY; SUBSTANCE AB Simple but highly accurate correlations have been developed for the thermodynamic properties (including density, heat capacity, and speed of sound), viscosity, thermal conductivity, and static dielectric constant of liquid water as a function of temperature at a pressure of 0.1 MPa. The calculations may be simply extended to a pressure range from the saturation pressure to 0.3 MPa. The temperature range covered in most cases is from 253.15 to 383.15 K; this includes some temperatures where liquid water is metastable. These correlations are designed to reproduce the best available data, which in most cases are described by formulations issued by the International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS). The equations presented here are simple enough to be used in applications such as spreadsheets. They provide a convenient alternative to the more complicated IAPWS formulations in cases where only liquid properties at near-atmospheric pressure are of interest without increasing the uncertainty beyond that of the more complex formulations. C1 [Patek, Jaroslav; Hruby, Jan; Klomfar, Jaroslav; Souckova, Monika] Inst Thermomech AS CR, CZ-18200 Prague 8, Czech Republic. [Harvey, Allan H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Patek, J (reprint author), Inst Thermomech AS CR, Dolejskova 5, CZ-18200 Prague 8, Czech Republic. EM hruby@it.cas.cz; aharvey@boulder.nist.gov RI Souckova, Monika/G-8053-2014; Klomfar, Jaroslav/G-8343-2014; Patek, Jaroslav/G-8355-2014; Hruby, Jan/G-7916-2014 OI Patek, Jaroslav/0000-0001-9011-8376; Hruby, Jan/0000-0002-9346-698X FU Grant Agency of the AS CR [IAA200760701]; Research Plan of the Institute of Thermomechanics [AV0Z20760514] FX This project was originally inspired by a suggestion from J. M. H. Levelt Sengers. We thank J. V. Sengers, K. Miyagawa, and R. Mares for their work as the Evaluation Task Group during the consideration of this work by IAPWS. We also thank M. R. Moldover for helpful discussion of dielectric-constant measurements and E. W. Lemmon for assistance in fitting Eqs. (7), (9), and (11). The authors affiliated with the Institute of Thermomechanics acknowledge support from Grant No. IAA200760701 of the Grant Agency of the AS CR and the Research Plan of the Institute of Thermomechanics No. AV0Z20760514. NR 26 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PY 2009 VL 38 IS 1 BP 21 EP 29 DI 10.1063/1.3043575 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 412IJ UT WOS:000263718200002 ER PT J AU Huber, ML Perkins, RA Laesecke, A Friend, DG Sengers, JV Assael, MJ Metaxa, IN Vogel, E Mares, R Miyagawa, K AF Huber, M. L. Perkins, R. A. Laesecke, A. Friend, D. G. Sengers, J. V. Assael, M. J. Metaxa, I. N. Vogel, E. Mares, R. Miyagawa, K. TI New International Formulation for the Viscosity of H2O SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Review DE collections of physical data; reviews; viscosity; water ID BINARY-LIQUID MIXTURES; 500 DEGREE C; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; WATER SUBSTANCE; CAPILLARY VISCOMETER; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; DYNAMIC VISCOSITY; TEMPERATURE-RANGE; HIGH-PRESSURES; CRITICAL-POINT AB The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS) encouraged an extensive research effort to update the IAPS Formulation 1985 for the Viscosity of Ordinary Water Substance, leading to the adoption of a Release on the IAPWS Formulation 2008 for the Viscosity of Ordinary Water Substance. This manuscript describes the development and evaluation of the 2008 formulation, which provides a correlating equation for the viscosity of water for fluid states up to 1173 K and 1000 MPa with uncertainties from less than 1% to 7% depending on the state point. C1 [Huber, M. L.; Perkins, R. A.; Laesecke, A.; Friend, D. G.; Sengers, J. V.] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sengers, J. V.] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Assael, M. J.; Metaxa, I. N.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Fac Chem Engn, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Greece. [Vogel, E.] Univ Rostock, Inst Chem, D-18059 Rostock, Germany. [Mares, R.] Univ W Bohemia, Dept Thermodynam, CZ-30614 Plzen, Czech Republic. RP Huber, ML (reprint author), NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM marcia.huber@nist.gov RI Assael, Marc/K-5545-2012; OI Assael, Marc/0000-0003-1221-6899; Perkins, Richard/0000-0002-8526-6742 NR 162 TC 91 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 30 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 EI 1529-7845 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PY 2009 VL 38 IS 2 BP 101 EP 125 DI 10.1063/1.3088050 PG 25 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 457YZ UT WOS:000266975900001 ER PT J AU Podobedova, LI Kelleher, DE Wiese, WL AF Podobedova, L. I. Kelleher, D. E. Wiese, W. L. TI Critically Evaluated Atomic Transition Probabilities for Sulfur S I-S XV SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE collections of physical data; plasma diagnostics; positive ions; radiative lifetimes; sulphur ID CRITICAL COMPILATION; ENERGY-LEVELS; SODIUM AB Atomic transition probabilities for about 6400 allowed and forbidden lines of S I-S XV are tabulated based on a critical evaluation of recent literature sources. The transition probabilities were obtained mainly from recent sophisticated calculations carried out with complex computer codes. These tables provide data of interest for astronomical as well as laboratory plasmas. They will also be useful for the diagnostics of plasmas encountered in fusion energy research. C1 [Podobedova, L. I.; Kelleher, D. E.; Wiese, W. L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Podobedova, LI (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM larissa.podobedova@nist.gov FU NASA Office of Space Sciences [W-10215] FX We would like to acknowledge the assistance and cooperation of many colleagues in this field. We are especially grateful to the authors who provided us with results of their calculations prior to this publication, as indicated in the references. We would like to thank Joseph Reader and Jeffrey Fuhr for their support and valuable suggestions, as well as critical reading of the manuscript. Also, in some cases partial support for this work was provided by the NASA Office of Space Sciences, Grant No. W-10215. We plan to continue this critical compilation work with analogous tables for the elements chlorine to calcium. NR 17 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PY 2009 VL 38 IS 2 BP 171 EP 439 DI 10.1063/1.3032939 PG 269 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 457YZ UT WOS:000266975900003 ER PT J AU Perez, RC Kessler, WS AF Perez, Renellys C. Kessler, William S. TI Three-Dimensional Structure of Tropical Cells in the Central Equatorial Pacific Ocean SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ZONAL MOMENTUM BALANCE; LAYER HEAT-BALANCE; INSTABILITY WAVES; SURFACE CURRENTS; MIXED-LAYER; COLD-TONGUE; LONG WAVES; MODEL; SST; CIRCULATION AB The shallow tropical cells (TCs) in the central equatorial Pacific Ocean are characterized by strong equatorial upwelling, near-surface wind-driven poleward flow, downwelling near the cold tongue boundaries, and equatorward flow below the surface mixed layer. Meridional and vertical velocity fluctuations associated with tropical instability waves (TIWs) in the central equatorial Pacific are much larger than those associated with the TCs and can modify the background circulation. OGCM experiments are used to simulate the spinup of the cells along 140 degrees W in response to perturbed trade winds during various phases of the annual cycle. Equatorially modified versions of geostrophy and Ekman theory, and zonal filtering, are used to isolate the large-zonal-scale wind-driven response. Weakening of the trade winds in any season rapidly weakens the TCs, decreases the zonal current shear, and reduces the amplitude and propagation speed of the TIWs. In boreal fall and winter, when the background TCs and TIWs are seasonally strong, the ocean response is equatorially asymmetric (stronger flows north of the equator) and there is evidence of rectification by the modified TIWs onto the TCs. The linear equatorially modified Ekman solutions largely explain the meridional structure and temporal evolution of the anomalous ageostrophic response in the TCs. In fall and winter, however, deviations from the modified Ekman solutions were attributed to interactions with the background TCs and TIWs. An observing system able to quantify the relative contributions of these two processes to the seasonally varying equatorial asymmetry of background circulation would require fine meridional and temporal sampling. C1 [Perez, Renellys C.; Kessler, William S.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Perez, RC (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM renellys.c.perez@noaa.gov RI Perez, Renellys/D-1976-2012 OI Perez, Renellys/0000-0002-4401-3853 NR 49 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 39 IS 1 BP 27 EP 49 DI 10.1175/2008JPO4029.1 PG 23 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 410DT UT WOS:000263557800002 ER PT J AU Martinelli, E Menghetti, S Galli, G Glisenti, A Krishnan, S Paik, MY Ober, CK Smilgies, DM Fischer, DA AF Martinelli, Elisa Menghetti, Sara Galli, Giancarlo Glisenti, Antonella Krishnan, Sitaraman Paik, Marvin Y. Ober, Christopher K. Smilgies, Detlef-M. Fischer, Daniel A. TI Surface Engineering of Styrene/PEGylated-Fluoroalkyl Styrene Block Copolymer Thin Films SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE amphiphilic copolymer; block copolymer; fluorinated polymer; microstructure; surface free energy; thin film ID TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; LOW-ENERGY SURFACES; X-RAY-SCATTERING; POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; SIDE-CHAINS; FLUORINATED COPOLYMERS; LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE; MOLECULAR DESIGN; CONTACT ANGLES AB A series of diblock copolymers prepared from styrenic monomers was synthesized using atom transfer radical polymerization. One block was derived from styrene, whereas the second block was prepared from a styrene modified with an amphiphilic PEGylated-fluoroalkyl side chain. The surface properties of the resulting polymer films were carefully characterized using dynamic contact angle, XPS, and NEXAFS measurements. The polymer morphology was investigated using atomic force microscope and GISAXS studies. The block copolymers possess surfaces dominated by the fluorinated unit in the dry state and a distinct phase separated microstructure in the thin film. The microstructure of these polymers is strongly influenced by the thin film structure in which it is investigated. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 267-284, 2009 C1 [Martinelli, Elisa; Menghetti, Sara; Galli, Giancarlo] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Chim & Chim Ind, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. [Martinelli, Elisa; Menghetti, Sara; Galli, Giancarlo] Univ Pisa, UdR Pisa INSTM, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. [Glisenti, Antonella] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Sci Chim, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Krishnan, Sitaraman] Clarkson Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. [Paik, Marvin Y.; Ober, Christopher K.] Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Smilgies, Detlef-M.] Cornell Univ, Wilson Lab, Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Fischer, Daniel A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Galli, G (reprint author), Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Chim & Chim Ind, Via Risorgimento 35, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. EM gallig@dcci.unipi.it RI Krishnan, Sitaraman/C-5559-2011; OI Krishnan, Sitaraman/0000-0002-1228-8393; Smilgies, Detlef/0000-0001-9351-581X FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMR 0225180]; National Science Foundation Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers (MRSEC) [DMR-0079992]; EU [NMP4-2005-011827-2]; Italian MiUR; Office of Naval Research [N00014-02-1-0170]; SERDP Program; National Science Foundation Division of Materials Research [DMR-0518785] FX The authors thank Professor Emo Chiellini for helpful discussions and Professor Edward J. Kramer and Dr. Karen E. Sohn for their support in conducting the NEXAFS experiments. The Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS), used in these studies, is a national user facility, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under award DMR 0225180. The thin film processing and surface imaging facilities at the Cornell Center for Materials Research (CCMR) are supported by the National Science Foundation Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers (MRSEC) award DMR-0079992. The work was financially supported by the EU (NMP4-2005-011827-2 "AMBIO") and the Italian MiUR (Fondi PRIN). As well, research was partially supported by the Office of Naval Research grant N00014-02-1-0170 to C.K.O. and the SERDP Program both of which are gratefully acknowledged. Additional support from the National Science Foundation Division of Materials Research (Grant No. DMR-0518785) is also appreciated. NR 56 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 26 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-624X J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 47 IS 1 BP 267 EP 284 DI 10.1002/pola.23151 PG 18 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 389LK UT WOS:000262093900026 ER PT J AU Esenturk, EN Walker, ARH AF Esenturk, E. Nalbant Walker, A. R. Hight TI Surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy via gold nanostars SO JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE gold nanoparticles; nanostar; crystal violet; 2-mercaptopyridine; SERS ID PLASMON RESONANCE; COLLOIDAL SILVER; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; DIFFERENT SHAPES; CRYSTAL VIOLET; SERS ACTIVITY; NANOPARTICLES; MOLECULES; NANORODS; 4-MERCAPTOPYRIDINE AB Anisotropic metallic nanoparticles (NPs) have unique optical properties, which lend them to applications such as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. Star-shaped gold (Au) NPs were prepared in aqueous solutions by the seed-mediated growth method and tested for Raman enhancement using 2-mercaptopyridine (2-MPy) and crystal violet (CV) probing molecules. For both molecules, the SERS activity of the nanostars was notably stronger than that of the spherical Au NPs of similar size. The Raman enhancement factors (EFs) for 2-MPy on Au nanostars and nanorods are comparable and estimated as greater than 5 orders of magnitude. However, the enhancement for CV on nanostars was significantly higher than for nanorods, in particular at CV concentrations of 100 nm or lower. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Esenturk, E. Nalbant; Walker, A. R. Hight] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Walker, ARH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM angela.hightwalker@nist.gov RI Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009 OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672 NR 34 TC 136 Z9 136 U1 10 U2 141 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0377-0486 J9 J RAMAN SPECTROSC JI J. Raman Spectrosc. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 40 IS 1 BP 86 EP 91 DI 10.1002/jrs.2084 PG 6 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 400XJ UT WOS:000262902400013 ER PT J AU Bowen, RL Carey, CM Flynn, KM Guttman, CM AF Bowen, Rafael L. Carey, Clifton M. Flynn, Kathleen M. Guttman, Charles M. TI Synthesis of Polymerizable Cyclodextrin Derivatives for Use in Adhesion-Promoting Monomer Formulations SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE beta-cyclodextrin; dental materials; MALDI-TOF-MS; monomer synthesis; polymerizable cyclodextrin derivatives ID NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; CONFORMATION AB The synthesis of the cyclodextrin derivatives reported herein was assisted by extensive literature research together with structure-property relationships derived from three-dimensional molecular modeling. These studies led to the hypothesis that many of the 21 hydroxyl groups on beta-cyclodextrin molecules could be derivatized to form a closely related family of analogous chemical compounds containing both polymerizable groups and hydrophilic ionizable ligand (substrate-binding) groups, each attached via hydrolytically-stable ether-linkages. The vinylbenzylether polymerizable groups should readily homopolymerize and also copolymerize with methacrylates. This could be highly useful for dental applications because substantially all contemporary dental resins and composites are based on methacrylate monomers. Due to hydrophilic ligands and residual hydroxyl groups, these cyclodextrin derivatives should penetrate hydrated layers of dentin and enamel to interact with collagen and tooth mineral. Analyses indicated that the diverse reaction products resulting from the method of synthesis reported herein should comprise a family of copolymerizable molecules that collectively contain about 30 different combinations of vinylbenzyl and hexanoate groups on the various molecules, with up to approximately seven of such groups combined on some of the molecules. Although the hypothesis was supported, and adhesive bonding to dentin is expected to be significantly improved by the use of these polymerizable cyclodextrin derivatives, other efforts are planned for improved synthetic methods to ensure that each of the reaction-product molecules will contain at least one copolymerizable moiety. The long-term objective is to enable stronger and more durable attachments of densely cross-linked polymers to hydrated hydrophilic substrates. Capabilities for bonding of hydrolytically stable polymers to dental and perhaps other hydrous biological tissues could provide widespread benefits. C1 [Bowen, Rafael L.; Carey, Clifton M.] Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Flynn, Kathleen M.; Guttman, Charles M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bowen, RL (reprint author), Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ray.bowen@nist.gov; clifton.carey@nist.gov; kathleen.flynn@nist.gov; charles.guttman@nist.gov FU National Institute for Craniofacial and Dental Research [2 R01 DE005129]; American Dental Association Foundation; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX This work was supported through funding from the National Institute for Craniofacial and Dental Research, Grant 2 R01 DE005129, the American Dental Association Foundation, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology. We also thank Dr. Elena F. Burguera for her considerable help in this work, J. M. Antonucci, S. H. Dickens and William E. Wallace for their helpful input. We are also grateful to Dr. D. L. VanderHart of NIST for assistance in interpretation of the NMR spectra. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 114 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.6028/jres.114.001 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 434OP UT WOS:000265284300001 PM 27504209 ER PT J AU Bowen, RL Schumacher, GE Giuseppetti, AA Guttman, CM Carey, CM AF Bowen, Rafael L. Schumacher, Gary E. Giuseppetti, Anthony A. Guttman, Charles M. Carey, Clifton M. TI Adhesive Bonding to Dentin Improved by Polymerizable Cyclodextrin Derivatives SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bond strengths; cross-linking comonomers for polymerizable cyclodextrin derivatives; dental adhesive bonding formulations ID HARD TOOTH TISSUES; COMPOSITES; STRESS AB The objective of this work was to determine bonding characteristics of a hydrophilic monomer formulation containing polymerizable cyclodextrin derivatives. The hypothesis was that a formulation containing hydrophilic cross-linking diluent comonomers and cyclodextrins with functional groups attached by hydrolytically stable ether linkages could form strong adhesive bonds to dentin. The previously synthesized polymerizable cyclodextrin derivatives were formulated with sorbitol dimethacrylate, methacrylic acid and phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide photoinitiator. The same formulation without the polymerizable cyclodextrin derivatives isolated the effects of the polymerizable cyclodextrin derivatives. A commercial self-etching bonding system was tested as a comparative control. Ground mid-coronal dentin was etched with 37 % phosphoric acid (H3PO4) for 15 s and rinsed with distilled water for 10 s. Formulations were applied to the moist dentin and light-cured 10 s. A packable composite was then applied through irises and light-cured 60 s. Teeth were stored in water for 24 h before bonds were tested in a shearing orientation. One-way ANOVA was performed on the data. The average values of shear bond strengths were defined as loads at fracture divided by the 4 mm diameter iris areas. The average formulation containing the polymerizable cyclodextrin derivatives was higher (p < 0.05), where p is a fraction of the probability distribution) than that of the same monomeric formulation except that the polymerizable cyclodextrin derivatives were not included. This was supporting evidence that the polymerizable cyclodextrin derivatives contributed to improved bonding. The average value of shear bond strength for the formulation containing the polymerizable cyclodextrin derivatives was also higher (p < 0.05) than that of the commercial self-etching bonding system. These preliminary results are in accordance with the hypothesis that formulations containing polymerizable cyclodextrin derivatives can form strong adhesive bonds to hydrated dentin surfaces. Further improvements in bonding to hydrated biological tissues by use of advanced formulations are anticipated. C1 [Bowen, Rafael L.; Schumacher, Gary E.; Giuseppetti, Anthony A.; Carey, Clifton M.] Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Guttman, Charles M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bowen, RL (reprint author), Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ray.bowen@nist.gov; schumacher@nist.gov; giuseppetti@nist.gov; charles.guttman@nist.gov; clifton.carey@nist.gov FU National Institute for Craniofacial and Dental Research [2 R01 DE005129-26A2]; American Dental Association Foundation; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX This work was supported through funding from the National Institute for Craniofacial and Dental Research, Grant 2 R01 DE005129-26A2, and in part by the American Dental Association Foundation and the National Institute of Standards and Technology. We also thank Elena F. Burguera for her significant contributions toward the development of this report, Jennifer Moreau for help in analyzing MALDI-TOF MS data; Dr. David VanderHart (NIST) for help in analyzing the NMR spectra, and Dr. Sabine Dickens and Dr. William E. Wallace for helpful discussions. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 114 IS 1 BP 11 EP 20 DI 10.6028/jres.114.002 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 434OP UT WOS:000265284300002 PM 27504210 ER PT J AU Muralikrishnan, B Sawyer, D Blackburn, C Phillips, S Borchardt, B Estler, WT AF Muralikrishnan, B. Sawyer, D. Blackburn, C. Phillips, S. Borchardt, B. Estler, W. T. TI ASME B89.4.19 Performance Evaluation Tests and Geometric Misalignments in Laser Trackers SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ASME B89.4.19; geometric errors; laser tracker; misalignments; performance evaluation; sensitivity analysis ID MIRROR AB Small and unintended offsets, tilts, and eccentricity of the mechanical and optical components in laser trackers introduce systematic errors in the measured spherical coordinates (angles and range readings) and possibly in the calculated lengths of reference artifacts. It is desirable that the tests described in the ASME B89.4.19 Standard [1] be sensitive to these geometric misalignments so that any resulting systematic errors are identified during performance evaluation. In this paper, we present some analysis, using error models and numerical simulation, of the sensitivity of the length measurement system tests and two-face system tests in the B89.4.19 Standard to misalignments in laser trackers. We highlight key attributes of the testing strategy adopted in the Standard and propose new length measurement system tests that demonstrate improved sensitivity to some misalignments. Experimental results with a tracker that is not properly error corrected for the effects of the misalignments validate claims regarding the proposed new length tests. C1 [Muralikrishnan, B.; Sawyer, D.; Blackburn, C.; Phillips, S.; Borchardt, B.; Estler, W. T.] NIST, Div Precis Engn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Muralikrishnan, B (reprint author), NIST, Div Precis Engn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bala.muralikrishnan@nist.gov; daniel.sawyer@nist.gov; christopher.blackburn@nist.gov; steven.phillips@nist.gov; bruce.borchardt@nist.gov; tyler.estler@nist.gov NR 6 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 9 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 114 IS 1 BP 21 EP 35 DI 10.6028/jres.114.003 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 434OP UT WOS:000265284300003 PM 27504211 ER PT J AU Lu, ZQJ Lowhorn, ND Wong-Ng, W Zhang, W Thomas, EL Otani, M Green, ML Tran, TN Caylor, C Dilley, NR Downey, A Edwards, B Elsner, N Ghamaty, S Hogan, T Jie, Q Li, Q Martin, J Nolas, G Obara, H Sharp, J Venkatasubramanian, R Willigan, R Yang, J Tritt, T AF Lu, Z. Q. J. Lowhorn, N. D. Wong-Ng, W. Zhang, W. Thomas, E. L. Otani, M. Green, M. L. Tran, T. N. Caylor, C. Dilley, N. R. Downey, A. Edwards, B. Elsner, N. Ghamaty, S. Hogan, T. Jie, Q. Li, Q. Martin, J. Nolas, G. Obara, H. Sharp, J. Venkatasubramanian, R. Willigan, R. Yang, J. Tritt, T. TI Statistical Analysis of a Round-Robin Measurement Survey of Two Candidate Materials for a Seebeck Coefficient Standard Reference Material SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bismuth telluride; consensus mean curve; Constantan; functional data analysis; Ridge regression modeling; round-robin; Seebeck coefficient; Standard Reference Material; thermoelectric ID BAYESIAN CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; LOCALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION; THERMOELECTRIC-MATERIALS; SMOOTHING SCATTERPLOTS; MERIT AB In an effort to develop a Standard Reference Material (SRM (TM)) for Seebeck coefficient, we have conducted a round-robin measurement survey of two candidate materials-undoped Bi2Te3 and Constantan (55 % Cu and 45 % Ni alloy). Measurements were performed in two rounds by twelve laboratories involved in active thermoelectric research using a number of different commercial and custom-built measurement systems and techniques. In this paper we report the detailed statistical analyses on the interlaboratory measurement results and the statistical methodology for analysis of irregularly sampled measurement curves in the interlaboratory study setting. Based on these results, we have selected Bi2Te3 as the prototype standard material. Once available, this SRM will be useful for future interlaboratory data comparison and instrument calibrations. C1 [Lu, Z. Q. J.; Lowhorn, N. D.; Wong-Ng, W.; Zhang, W.; Thomas, E. L.; Otani, M.; Green, M. L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tran, T. N.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Caylor, C.; Venkatasubramanian, R.] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Dilley, N. R.] Quantum Design, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Downey, A.; Hogan, T.] Armor Holdings, Sterling Hts, MI 48310 USA. [Downey, A.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Edwards, B.; Tritt, T.] Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Elsner, N.; Ghamaty, S.] Hi Z Technol Inc, San Diego, CA 92126 USA. [Jie, Q.; Li, Q.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Martin, J.; Nolas, G.] Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Obara, H.] Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Ibaraki, Japan. [Sharp, J.] Marlow Ind Inc, Dallas, TX 75238 USA. [Willigan, R.] United Technol Res Ctr, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. [Yang, J.] Gen Motors R& Ctr, Warren, MI 48090 USA. RP Lu, ZQJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.lu@nist.gov; nlowhorn@gmail.com; winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov; zwp@ustc.edu.cn; ethoma7@gmail.com; makoto_ohtani@nifty.com; martin.green@nist.gov; Thanh.N.Tran@navy.mil; ccaylor@rti.org; neil@qdusa.com; adam.downey@stryker.com; bradandjustine@gmail.com; n.elsner@hi-z.com; s.ghamaty@hi-z.com; hogant@msu.edu; qjie@bnl.gov; qiangli@bnl.gov; joshua.martin@nist.gov; gnolas@cas.usf.edu; h.obara@aist.go.jp; jsharp@marlow.com; rama@rti.org; WilligRR@utrc.utc.com; jihui.yang@gm.com; ttritt@clemson.edu RI Jie, Qing/H-3780-2011; Zhang, Weiping/C-6158-2014; Jie, Qing/N-8673-2013 NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 114 IS 1 BP 37 EP 55 DI 10.6028/jres.114.004 PG 19 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 434OP UT WOS:000265284300004 PM 27504212 ER PT J AU Lau, JW McMichael, RD Donahue, MJ AF Lau, J. W. McMichael, R. D. Donahue, M. J. TI Implementation of Two-Dimensional Polycrystalline Grains in Object Oriented Micromagnetic Framework SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE exchange coupling; magnetocrystalline anisotropy; micromagnetics; polycrystal ID MAGNETIC-ANISOTROPY; THIN-FILMS; CO/PD; SUPERLATTICES; ISLANDS AB In response to the growing need for a more accurate micromagnetic model to understand switching phenomenon in nanoscale magnets, we developed the capability to simulate two-dimensional polycrystalline grains using the Object Oriented Micromagnetic Framework (OOMMF). This addition allows users full flexibility in determining the magnetocrystalline anisotropy and axe in each grain as well as the inter- and intragranular exchange coupling strength. C1 [Lau, J. W.] NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [McMichael, R. D.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Donahue, M. J.] NIST, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lau, JW (reprint author), NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM june.lau@nist.gov; robert.mcmichael@nist.gov; michael.donahue@nist.gov RI McMichael, Robert/J-8688-2012; Lau, June/C-7509-2013 NR 9 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 12 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 114 IS 1 BP 57 EP 67 DI 10.6028/jres.114.005 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 434OP UT WOS:000265284300005 PM 27504213 ER PT J AU Mansour, AN Beekman, M Wong-Ng, W Nolas, GS AF Mansour, A. N. Beekman, M. Wong-Ng, W. Nolas, G. S. TI Local structure of Cu in Cs8Na16Cu5Ge131 type II clathrate SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Thermoelectrics; Clathrates; X-ray absorption spectroscopy; Atomic structure ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; FINE-STRUCTURE; THERMOELECTRIC APPLICATIONS; EXAFS; SCATTERING; AMPLITUDE; SI AB We have used X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to investigate the local structure of Cu and Ge in the Cs8Na16Cu5Ge131 type II clathrate. We show that the local structure parameters for Ge (coordination number and distances) are consistent with those derived on the basis of XRD investigation of Cs8Na16Ge136. The EXAFS data suggest that Cu either randomly substitutes for Ge on the clathrate framework or preferentially on the 96g site but not preferentially on the 32e or 8a sites (Wyckoff notation). Furthermore, we find that the Cu-Ge distance is smaller than the Ge-Ge distance by 0.13 angstrom, indicating a local distortion around the Cu atoms. The estimated degrees of disorder for Cu-Ge and Ge-Ge interactions indicate the Cu-Ge clathrate framework to be relatively stiff, while those for Na-Ge and Cs-Ge interactions corroborate previous observations of strong thermal disorder of the alkali guests in these materials. Our XAS results offer insight into the site substitution of Cu in this material, information unattainable from X-ray diffraction due to the lack of scattering contrast between Cu and Ge. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Mansour, A. N.] USN, Syst & Mat Power & Protect Branch, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Beekman, M.; Nolas, G. S.] Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Wong-Ng, W.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mansour, AN (reprint author), USN, Syst & Mat Power & Protect Branch, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM azzam.mansour@navy.mil; gnolas@cas.usf.edu RI Beekman, Matt/I-4470-2014 OI Beekman, Matt/0000-0001-9694-2286 FU Naval Surface Warfare Center's; US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-04ER46145, DE-AC02-98CH10886]; University of South Florida FX A.N.M acknowledges financial Support by the Carderock Division of the Naval Surface Warfare Center's In-house Laboratory Independent Research Program administrated under ONR's Program Element 0601152N. M.B. and G.S.N. acknowledge support from the US Department of Energy under Grant no. DE-FG02-04ER46145. M.B. acknowledges support from the University of South Florida Presidential Doctoral Fellowship. The XAS experiments were conducted at the National Synchrotron Light Source of Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract no. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 182 IS 1 BP 107 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2008.09.024 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 395TK UT WOS:000262546200017 ER PT J AU Lucon, E McCowan, CN Santoyo, RL AF Lucon, Enrico McCowan, Chris N. Santoyo, Raymond L. TI Instrumented Impact Tests: Effects of Machine Variables and Specimen Position SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE instrumented Charpy tests; impact machine variables; specimen position; t-test analysis AB An investigation has been conducted on the influence of impact machine variables and specimen positioning oil characteristic forces and absorbed energies from instrumented Charpy tests. Brittle and ductile fracture behavior has been investigated by testing NIST reference samples of low-, high-, and super-high-energy levels. Test machine variables included tightness of foundation, anvil and striker bolts, and the position of the center of percussion with respect to the center of strike. For specimen positioning, we tested samples that had been moved away or sideways with respect to the anvils. In order to assess the influence of the various factors, we compared mean values in the reference ("unaltered") and "altered" conditions; for machine variables, t-test analyses were also performed in order to evaluate the statistical significance of the observed differences. Our results indicate that the only circumstance which resulted in variations larger than 5% for both brittle and ductile specimens is when the sample is not in contact with the anvils. This should be taken into account ill future revisions of instrumented Charpy test standards. C1 [Lucon, Enrico] CEN SCK, Inst Nucl Mat Sci, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. [McCowan, Chris N.; Santoyo, Raymond L.] NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Lucon, E (reprint author), CEN SCK, Inst Nucl Mat Sci, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. EM elucon@sckcen.be OI Lucon, Enrico/0000-0002-3021-4785 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0090-3973 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 37 IS 1 BP 59 EP 68 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 396CR UT WOS:000262570300008 ER PT J AU Voronovich, AG Ostashev, VE AF Voronovich, A. G. Ostashev, V. E. TI Coherence function of a sound field in an oceanic waveguide with horizontally isotropic statistics SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE acoustic waveguides; statistical analysis; underwater acoustic propagation ID INTERNAL WAVES; SCATTERING; EQUATION; PROPAGATION; REFRACTION AB The mean value and the coherence function of a sound field propagating in an oceanic waveguide with random inhomogeneities are important statistical characteristics of this field, which are needed for many practical applications. Closed equations for the coherence function were obtained in many works for both two dimensional and three dimensional geometries. For the 3D case, these equations are too involved even for a numerical treatment. In this paper, explicit expressions for the mean field and the coherence function due to a point omnidirectional monochromatic source in a 3D waveguide are derived for the case of random inhomogeneities, which are statistically isotropic in a horizontal plane. The solutions are much simpler than those obtained previously due to the cylindrical symmetry of the problem. The theory developed is used to study numerically the mean field and the coherence function in an oceanic waveguide perturbed by a random field of internal waves with the Garrett-Munk spectrum. C1 [Voronovich, A. G.; Ostashev, V. E.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Voronovich, AG (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM alexander.voronovich@noaa.gov NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 125 IS 1 BP 99 EP 110 DI 10.1121/1.3035832 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 397OS UT WOS:000262672600022 PM 19173398 ER PT J AU Holt, MM Noren, DP Veirs, V Emmons, CK Veirs, S AF Holt, Marla M. Noren, Dawn P. Veirs, Val Emmons, Candice K. Veirs, Scott TI Speaking up: Killer whales (Orcinus orca) increase their call amplitude in response to vessel noise SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE acoustic noise; anthropology; bioacoustics; biocommunications; underwater sound ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA AB This study investigated the effects of anthropogenic sound exposure on the vocal behavior of free-ranging killer whales. Endangered Southern Resident killer whales inhabit areas including the urban coastal waters of Puget Sound near Seattle, WA, where anthropogenic sounds are ubiquitous, particularly those from motorized vessels. A calibrated recording system was used to measure killer whale call source levels and background noise levels (1-40 kHz). Results show that whales increased their call amplitude by 1 dB for every 1 dB increase in background noise levels. Furthermore, nearby vessel counts were positively correlated with these observed background noise levels. C1 [Holt, Marla M.; Noren, Dawn P.; Emmons, Candice K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Veirs, Val] Colorado Coll, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80903 USA. [Veirs, Scott] Beam Reach Marine Sci & Sustainabil Sch, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Holt, MM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal Program, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM marla.holt@noaa.gov; dawn.noren@noaa.gov; vveirs@coloradocollege.edu; candice.emmons@noaa.gov; scott@beamreach.org OI Veirs, Scott/0000-0001-7395-9085 FU National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associateship Program; NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center; U. S. NMFS Office of Protected Resources and Species at Risk Act/Marine Mammal License [781-1824-00]; Department of Fisheries and Ocean, Canada [MML 2007-08/SARA-68A] FX We thank Mike Ford, Brad Hanson, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. We also thank Teresa Mongillo, Amy Johnson, and students of beamreach. org for field assistance. Work was funded by the National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associateship Program and NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center. Data were collected under Research Permit No. 781-1824-00 from the U. S. NMFS Office of Protected Resources and Species at Risk Act/Marine Mammal License No. MML 2007-08/SARA-68A from the Department of Fisheries and Ocean, Canada. NR 14 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 8 U2 55 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 125 IS 1 BP EL27 EP EL32 DI 10.1121/1.3040028 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 397OS UT WOS:000262672600005 PM 19173379 ER PT J AU Zeng, XP Tao, WK Zhang, MH Hou, AY Xie, SC Lang, S Li, XW Starr, DO Li, XF Simpson, J AF Zeng, Xiping Tao, Wei-Kuo Zhang, Minghua Hou, Arthur Y. Xie, Shaocheng Lang, Stephen Li, Xiaowen Starr, David O'C. Li, Xiaofan Simpson, Joanne TI An Indirect Effect of Ice Nuclei on Atmospheric Radiation SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CLOUD-RESOLVING MODEL; SOUTH CHINA SEA; LONG-TERM BEHAVIOR; TEMPERATURE-GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; TOGA COARE; CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; SURFACE PROCESSES; PHASE-III; PART II; BULK PARAMETERIZATION AB A three-dimensional cloud-resolving model (CRM) with observed large-scale forcing is used to study how ice nuclei (IN) affect the net radiative flux at the top of the atmosphere (TOA). In all the numerical experiments carried out, the cloud ice content in the upper troposphere increases with IN number concentration via the Bergeron process. As a result, the upward solar flux at the TOA increases whereas the infrared one decreases. Because of the opposite response of the two fluxes to IN concentration, the sensitivity of the net radiative flux at the TOA to IN concentration varies from one case to another. Six tropical and three midlatitudinal field campaigns provide data to model the effect of IN on radiation in different latitudes. Classifying the CRM simulations into tropical and midlatitudinal and then comparing the two types reveals that the indirect effect of IN on radiation is greater in the middle latitudes than in the tropics. Furthermore, comparisons between model results and observations suggest that observational IN data are necessary to evaluate long-term CRM simulations. C1 [Zeng, Xiping; Tao, Wei-Kuo; Hou, Arthur Y.; Lang, Stephen; Li, Xiaowen; Starr, David O'C.; Simpson, Joanne] NASA, Atmospheres Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Zeng, Xiping; Li, Xiaowen] Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Zhang, Minghua] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY USA. [Xie, Shaocheng] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA USA. [Lang, Stephen] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Li, Xiaofan] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Zeng, XP (reprint author), NASA, Atmospheres Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, C423,Bldg 33,Mail Code 613-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM zeng@agnes.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Li, Xiaofan/F-5605-2010; Hou, Arthur/D-8578-2012; Xie, Shaocheng/D-2207-2013; Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014 OI Xie, Shaocheng/0000-0001-8931-5145; FU NASA Ames Research Center; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center FX The authors acknowledge the NASA Ames Research Center and the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center for enormous computer time used in this research. They also thank Dr. Gang Hong and two anonymous reviewers for their critical yet constructive comments. NR 88 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 66 IS 1 BP 41 EP 61 DI 10.1175/2008JAS2778.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 398GR UT WOS:000262721100003 ER PT J AU Takahashi, K AF Takahashi, Ken TI Radiative Constraints on the Hydrological Cycle in an Idealized Radiative-Convective Equilibrium Model SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM; CLIMATE FEEDBACKS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; CIRCULATION; ATMOSPHERE; OCEAN; GCM AB The radiative constraints on the partitioning of the surface energy budget and, hence, on the strength of the hydrological cycle are analyzed in an idealized one-dimensional radiative-convective equilibrium model formulated in terms of the energy budgets at the top of the atmosphere, the subcloud layer, and the free atmosphere, which enables it to predict both surface relative humidity and the air-sea temperature difference. Using semigray radiative transfer, a semianalytical solution was obtained that explicitly shows how the surface latent heat flux (LHF) is related to the radiative properties of the atmosphere. This solution was also used in conjunction with a full radiative transfer code and was found to provide reasonably realistic quantitative estimates. In the model the LHF is fundamentally constrained by the net longwave flux divergence above the level of condensation by lifting (LCL) and by the atmospheric absorption of shortwave radiation, with only a weak indirect control by near-surface moisture. The latter implies that the Clausius-Clapeyron relation does not directly constrain the strength of the hydrological cycle. Under radiative perturbations, the changes in LHF are determined by the changes in the net longwave fluxes at the LCL, associated mainly with the changes in the longwave transmissivity, and by the changes in shortwave absorption by the atmosphere (e. g., by increased water vapor). Using a full radiative transfer model with interactive water vapor feedback with the semianalytical solution indicates a rate of change in LHF with greenhouse forcing of around 2 W m(-2) K(-1) of surface warming, which corresponds to the Planck feedback (similar to 3.2 W m(-2) K(-1)) multiplied by a coefficient of order one that, to first approximation, depends only on the relative magnitudes of the net longwave radiation fluxes at the LCL and the top of the atmosphere (i.e., on the shape of the vertical profile of the net longwave flux). C1 [Takahashi, Ken] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Takahashi, K (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM ken.takahashi@noaa.gov RI Takahashi, Ken/G-5321-2010 OI Takahashi, Ken/0000-0003-3670-2939 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); University Corporation for Atmospheric Research [NA06OAR4310119]; NOAA Climate Programs Office; U. S. Department of Commerce [NA17RJ2612]; U. S. Department of Commerce FX This research was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship Program, administered by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, under Award NA06OAR4310119 from the NOAA Climate Programs Office, U. S. Department of Commerce, with additional funding from Award NA17RJ2612 from NOAA, U. S. Department of Commerce. The author thanks the NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory for hosting him during the development of this study. The statements, finding, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NOAA Climate Program Office or the U. S. Department of Commerce. NR 26 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 66 IS 1 BP 77 EP 91 DI 10.1175/2008JAS2797.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 398GR UT WOS:000262721100005 ER PT J AU Todd, ADW Ferguson, PP Barker, JG Fleischauer, MD Dahn, JR AF Todd, A. D. W. Ferguson, P. P. Barker, J. G. Fleischauer, M. D. Dahn, J. R. TI Comparison of Mechanically Milled and Sputter Deposited Tin-Cobalt-Carbon Alloys Using Small Angle Neutron Scattering SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; NEGATIVE ELECTRODE MATERIALS; CO-C COMPOSITE; ANODE MATERIAL; SN; COMBINATORIAL; SYSTEM AB Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) is used to compare nanostructured Sn-Co-C alloys produced by vertical axis mechanical attriting to those produced by magnetron sputter deposition. The attrited materials have grain sizes that vary with composition and are on the order of 60 angstrom in size. The sputter deposited materials are either amorphous or have a grain size of approximately 10 angstrom, depending on the composition. The SANS results are used to further understand the electrochemistry of these materials when used as negative electrodes for lithium-ion batteries and to understand why mechanically alloyed Sn-Co-C alloys are far from reaching their expected theoretical specific capacity while sputtered alloys achieve capacities much closer to the expected value. (C) 2009 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3239988] All rights reserved. C1 [Todd, A. D. W.; Ferguson, P. P.; Dahn, J. R.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. [Dahn, J. R.] Dalhousie Univ, Inst Mat Res, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. [Barker, J. G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fleischauer, M. D.] Natl Res Council Canada, Natl Inst Nanotechnol, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada. RP Todd, ADW (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. EM jeff.dahn@dal.ca RI Fleischauer, Michael/A-8155-2015; OI Todd, Andrew/0000-0003-2563-3608 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-9986442] FX The authors thank 3M Canada Co. and NSERC for funding this work under the auspices of the Industrial Research Chairs program. The authors thank Dinh Ba Le and Robert Kube for performing the He pycnometry measurements. The NG7 SANS instrument at NIST is supported by the National Science Foundation under agreement no. DMR-9986442. NR 27 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2009 VL 156 IS 12 BP A1034 EP A1040 DI 10.1149/1.3239988 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 512BZ UT WOS:000271218900010 ER PT J AU Moffat, TP Mallett, JJ Hwang, SM AF Moffat, T. P. Mallett, J. J. Hwang, Sun-Mi TI Oxygen Reduction Kinetics on Electrodeposited Pt, Pt100-xNix, and Pt100-xCox SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SHELL NANOPARTICLE ELECTROCATALYSTS; ACTIVITY-STABILITY RELATIONSHIPS; NI ALLOY NANOPARTICLES; PEM FUEL-CELLS; COMPOSITIONAL CONTROL; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SURFACE-COMPOSITION; PLATINUM MONOLAYER; NOBLE-METAL; FEPT FILMS AB The kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on a series of electrodeposited Pt100-xNix and Pt100-xCox alloy films were examined in comparison to electrodeposited Pt and mechanically polished polycrystalline Pt. The alloys were electrodeposited at potentials positive of that required to grow the pure iron group metal. The growth process is ascribed to strong bonding enthalpy between Pt and the iron group metals that can be envisioned as iron-group underpotential deposition (upd) on Pt surface sites coupled with ongoing Pt overpotential electrodeposition. Rotating disk electrode measurements of the ORR kinetics, normalized for the H upd electroactive area, indicate a approximate to 1.9 to 2.7-fold catalytic enhancement on Pt100-xCox and Pt100-xNix, when x is in the range of 25-35, as compared to electrodeposited Pt films grown under similar conditions. An even greater ORR enhancement factor, between 3 and 4.8, was noted for dealloyed transition metal-rich (x > 75) films. Different schemes for integrating the electrodeposition (and dealloying) process into the fabrication of fuel cell membrane electrode array are also briefly discussed. (C) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. C1 NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Moffat, TP (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM thomas.moffat@nist.gov RI Thandavarayan, Maiyalagan/C-5716-2011 OI Thandavarayan, Maiyalagan/0000-0003-3528-3824 NR 65 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 32 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2009 VL 156 IS 2 BP B238 EP B251 DI 10.1149/1.3033515 PG 14 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 387TD UT WOS:000261973600059 ER PT J AU Maslar, JE Hurst, WS Bowers, WJ Hendricks, JH Windsor, ES AF Maslar, J. E. Hurst, W. S. Bowers, W. J., Jr. Hendricks, J. H. Windsor, E. S. TI Alloy 600 Aqueous Corrosion at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures: An In Situ Raman Spectroscopic Investigation SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID STAINLESS-STEEL; HYDROTHERMAL CONDITIONS; PASSIVE FILMS; OXIDE-FILMS; WATER; NICKEL; SEMICONDUCTORS; ENVIRONMENT; SOLUBILITY; MECHANISM AB Two alloy 600 coupons with different surface treatments were exposed in ail optically accessible flow cell to air-saturated, high-purity water: one coupon at temperatures up to 543 degrees C at a pressure of 25.4 MPa and one coupon at temperatures up to 392 degrees C at 15.65 MPa. In situ Raman spectra were collected at various temperatures as each coupon was treated and then cooled, Each coupon was also characterized ex situ with Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. A NiFe2O4 phase was identified oil both coupon surfaces while Cr-III-containing phases. including alpha-CrOOH and alpha-Cr2O3, were identified only on the coupon exposed at higher temperatures, at a higher pressure, and with a rougher surface finish. In addition, the results from the alloy 600 coupon exposed at higher temperatures and a 304L stainless steel coupon exposed under nominally identical conditions were compared. Both NiFe2O4 and alpha-CrOOH phases were observed on the 304L stainless steel coupon. In general, in situ Raman spectroscopy was found to be sensitive to differences in alloy 600 corrosion processes attributed to different surface treatments and differences in alloy 600 and 304L stainless steel corrosion processes attributed to the different oxidation resistance of each alloy. (C) 2009 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3056038] All rights reserved. C1 [Maslar, J. E.; Hurst, W. S.; Bowers, W. J., Jr.; Hendricks, J. H.; Windsor, E. S.] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Maslar, JE (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jmaslar@nist.gov FU National Research Council FX The authors gratefully acknowledge R. E. Ricker for helpful discussions and W. E. Allmon of Frunatome Technolooies, Inc., Lynchburg, Virginia and from McDermott Technologgy, Inc. (Babcock & Wilcox). Alliance, OH for calculations of the O2 content and pH of air-saturated water. This research was conducted while J.H.H. served a National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship at NIST. NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2009 VL 156 IS 3 BP C103 EP C113 DI 10.1149/1.3056038 PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 442JQ UT WOS:000265837900038 ER PT J AU Lee, CH Bonevich, JE Davies, JE Moffat, TP AF Lee, Chang Hwa Bonevich, John E. Davies, Joseph E. Moffat, Thomas P. TI Superconformal Electrodeposition of Co and Co-Fe Alloys Using 2-Mercapto-5-benzimidazolesulfonic Acid SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE adsorption; cobalt; cobalt alloys; desorption; electrodeposition; ferromagnetic materials; iron alloys; magnetic thin films; magnetisation; organic compounds; transmission electron microscopy; voltammetry (chemical analysis); X-ray chemical analysis ID MAGNETIC THIN-FILM; POLE-TYPE HEADS; ANOMALOUS CODEPOSITION; SUBMICROMETER TRENCHES; CORROSION PROPERTIES; BUMP FORMATION; CONIFE FILMS; COPPER; NICKEL; METALLIZATION AB Superconformal Co(Fe) filling of submicrometer trenches by electrodeposition is demonstrated in the presence of 2-mercapto-5-benzimidazolesulfonic acid (MBIS). MBIS inhibits the initiation of Co deposition. Inhibition breakdown is characterized by hysteretic voltammetry and rising chronoamperometric transients. The positive feedback process reflects the competition between MBIS adsorption and its desorption, and consumption, with the latter being closely coupled with proton reduction and the metal deposition reaction. Void-free Co trench filling proceeds by preferential metal deposition at the bottom corners leading to a V-notch interface shape that is followed by geometrical leveling. Void-free filling is also demonstrated for a via geometry. Almost identical superconformal trench filling is obtained for Co-rich Co-Fe alloys. Analytical transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis indicate that the Fe/Co ratio within the filled trenches is uniform. MBIS does not significantly perturb the magnetic properties of the Co or Co-Fe alloy deposits. C1 [Lee, Chang Hwa; Bonevich, John E.; Davies, Joseph E.; Moffat, Thomas P.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, CH (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM thomas.moffat@nist.gov RI Davies, Joseph/C-4384-2008 OI Davies, Joseph/0000-0001-5727-2371 NR 57 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2009 VL 156 IS 8 BP D301 EP D309 DI 10.1149/1.3142427 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 468ET UT WOS:000267798500042 ER PT J AU Lee, CH Kim, AR Koo, HC Kim, JJ AF Lee, Chang Hwa Kim, Ae Rim Koo, Hyo-Chol Kim, Jae Jeong TI Effect of 2-Mercapto-5-benzimidazolesulfonic Acid in Superconformal Cu Electroless Deposition SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE adsorption; copper; electrochemical electrodes; electroless deposition; electrolytes; elemental semiconductors; field emission electron microscopy; metallic thin films; organic compounds; oxidation; scanning electron microscopy; silicon; surface roughness; titanium; titanium compounds ID COPPER DEPOSITION; 3-N,N-DIMETHYLAMINODITHIOCARBAMOYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID; BIS-(3-SULFOPROPYL)-DISULFIDE SPS; ELECTRODEPOSITION; METALLIZATION; ADDITIVES; MECHANISM; THIOUREA AB Superconformal Cu electroless deposition is demonstrated in a CuSO(4)-EDTA-HCHO (where EDTA is ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) electrolyte containing 2-mercapto-5-benzimidazolesulfonic acid (MBIS). MBIS reveals a concentration-dependent effect in the deposition rate on planar substrates, whereby acceleration at low concentration and suppression at high concentration are evident. The half-cell reaction experiments show that the acceleration effect of MBIS is mainly associated with the cathodic reaction, while MBIS inhibits the oxidation of HCHO in the anodic reaction. The addition of MBIS offers preferential Cu electroless deposition at the bottom of 500 nm wide trenches. Poly(ethylene glycol) improved the surface roughness, maintaining the shape evolution of superconformal feature filling. C1 [Lee, Chang Hwa; Kim, Ae Rim; Koo, Hyo-Chol; Kim, Jae Jeong] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Coll Engn, Res Ctr Energy Convers & Storage, Seoul 151742, South Korea. RP Lee, CH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Met Div Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jjkimm@snu.ac.kr NR 24 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2009 VL 156 IS 6 BP D207 EP D210 DI 10.1149/1.3117343 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 440ZF UT WOS:000265737600034 ER PT J AU Mallett, JJ Bertocci, U Bonevich, JE Moffat, TP AF Mallett, J. J. Bertocci, U. Bonevich, J. E. Moffat, T. P. TI Compositional Control in Electrodeposited Pt100-xCux Alloys SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; HYDROCHLORIC-ACID SOLUTIONS; SINGLE-CRYSTAL SURFACES; UNDERPOTENTIAL DEPOSITION; OXYGEN REDUCTION; ELECTROCHEMICAL DEPOSITION; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; RECONSTRUCTED PT(100); CARBON ELECTRODES; TRANSITION-METALS AB The electrodeposition of Pt100-xCux alloys is demonstrated using an electrolyte comprised of 1 mol/L H2SO4, 0.001 mol/L K2PtCl4, and 0.1 mol/L CuSO4. Film growth proceeds by facile Cu underpotential deposition occurring in parallel with Pt overpotential deposition, with the latter controlling the overall rate of alloy deposition. Pt and Pt100-xCux depositions are monitored in real time using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. Pt deposition from 1 mol/L H2SO4 + 0.001 mol/L K2PtCl4 is diffusion limited at potentials below - 0.150 V saturated sulfate electrode and occurs with close to 100% current efficiency. In the added presence of CuSO4, Pt100-xCux alloy deposition occurs, supported by the exothermic enthalpy of mixing. Monitoring the steady-state mass/charge ratio enables the composition of the growing film to be evaluated with submonolayer precision. For a given potential, the film composition so determined is in excellent agreement with the alloy composition determined for 1 mu m thick films using a combination of ex situ methods. The potential dependence of the alloy composition is described by an asymmetric regular solution model with an extremum for alloying enthalpy of - 18.9 +/- 0.2 kJ/mol. (C) 2009 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3232216] All rights reserved. C1 [Mallett, J. J.; Bertocci, U.; Bonevich, J. E.; Moffat, T. P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mallett, JJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM thomas.moffat@nist.gov NR 87 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2009 VL 156 IS 12 BP D531 EP D542 DI 10.1149/1.3232216 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 512BZ UT WOS:000271218900036 ER PT J AU Josell, D Beauchamp, CR Jung, S Hamadani, BH Motayed, A Richter, LJ Williams, M Bonevich, JE Shapiro, A Zhitenev, N Moffat, TP AF Josell, D. Beauchamp, C. R. Jung, S. Hamadani, B. H. Motayed, A. Richter, L. J. Williams, M. Bonevich, J. E. Shapiro, A. Zhitenev, N. Moffat, T. P. TI Three Dimensionally Structured CdTe Thin-Film Photovoltaic Devices with Self-Aligned Back-Contacts: Electrodeposition on Interdigitated Electrodes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE cadmium compounds; electrochemical electrodes; electrodeposition; II-VI semiconductors; optimisation; solar cells; thin film devices ID ARRAY PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS; CONCENTRATOR SOLAR-CELLS; CATHODIC DEPOSITION; DESIGN AB Cadmium telluride is a commercially viable material for thin-film photovoltaic cells and is amenable to low cost electrochemical deposition. The majority-carrier type can be controlled by deposition conditions. We have produced back-contact thin-film solar cells by a self-aligned electrochemical deposition process onto two interdigitated electrodes. We report preliminary performance as a function of electrode geometry. The process and structure are readily amenable to optimization and should facilitate quantitative measurement and modeling of any candidate material that can be electrodeposited. C1 [Josell, D.; Beauchamp, C. R.; Motayed, A.; Williams, M.; Bonevich, J. E.; Shapiro, A.; Moffat, T. P.] NIST, Div Met, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jung, S.; Hamadani, B. H.; Zhitenev, N.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Richter, L. J.] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jung, S.] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Josell, D (reprint author), NIST, Div Met, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM daniel.josell@nist.gov RI Zhitenev, Nikolai/N-1780-2014; Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2009 VL 156 IS 8 BP H654 EP H660 DI 10.1149/1.3148182 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 468ET UT WOS:000267798500063 ER PT J AU Lawn, BR Lee, JJW Constantino, PJ Lucas, PW AF Lawn, Brian R. Lee, James Jin-Wu Constantino, Paul J. Lucas, Peter W. TI Predicting failure in mammalian enamel SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Review DE Teeth; Enamel; Dentistry; Evolutionary biology ID BRITTLE LAYER STRUCTURES; GLASS-CERAMICS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; BILAYER STRUCTURES; MATERIALS DESIGN; MARGIN FAILURES; CONTACT DAMAGE; FRACTURE MODES; DENTAL ENAMEL; INDENTATION AB Dentition is a vital element of human and animal function, yet there is little fundamental knowledge about how tooth enamel endures under stringent oral conditions. This paper describes a novel approach to the issue. Model glass dome specimens fabricated from glass and back-filled with polymer resin are used as representative of the basic enamel/dentine shell structure. Contact loading is used to deform the dome structures to failure, in simulation of occlusal loading with opposing dentition or food bolus. To investigate the role of enamel microstructure, additional contact tests are conducted on two-phase materials that capture the essence of the mineralized-rod/organic-sheath structure of dental enamel. These materials include dental glass-ceramics and biomimicked composites fabricated from glass fibers infiltrated with epoxy. The tests indicate how enamel is likely to deform and fracture along easy sliding and fracture paths within the binding phase between the rods. Analytical relations describing the critical loads for each damage mode are presented in terms of material properties (hardness, modulus, toughness) and tooth geometry variables (enamel thickness, cusp radius). Implications in dentistry and evolutionary biology are discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 [Lawn, Brian R.; Lee, James Jin-Wu] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Constantino, Paul J.; Lucas, Peter W.] George Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC USA. RP Lawn, BR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM brian.lawn@nist.gov OI Constantino, Paul/0000-0003-3397-7961 FU GWU Strategic Plan for Academic Excellence; GWU Vice-President Lehman; NSF/IGERT [9987590] FX Funding from the GWU Strategic Plan for Academic Excellence and support of GWU Vice-President Lehman are gratefully acknowledged and by an NSF/IGERT grant (no. 9987590). The authors wish to thank David Marshall at Teledyne for providing the specimen shown in Fig. 5(b). Extracted human teeth were supplied by the American Dental Association at NIST (approved for testing by NIST Internal Review Board). The sea otter skull in Fig. 6(b) was passed on to us for study by Melissa Miller, UC Davis (the remains of which will eventually be lodged at the California Academy of Sciences). NR 55 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1751-6161 J9 J MECH BEHAV BIOMED JI J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 2 IS 1 BP 33 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2008.05.007 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 384AB UT WOS:000261714600004 PM 19627805 ER PT J AU Lu, ZQJ AF Lu, Z. Q. John TI Morphometrics with R SO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES A-STATISTICS IN SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Lu, Z. Q. John] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lu, ZQJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.lu@nist.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0964-1998 J9 J R STAT SOC A STAT JI J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. A-Stat. Soc. PY 2009 VL 172 BP 937 EP 938 PN 4 PG 3 WC Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences; Mathematics GA 499QE UT WOS:000270238700014 ER PT J AU Goldstein, T Zabka, TS DeLong, RL Wheeler, EA Ylitalo, G Bargu, S Silver, M Leighfield, T Van Dolah, F Langlois, G Sidor, I Dunn, JL Gulland, FMD AF Goldstein, Tracey Zabka, Tanja S. DeLong, Robert L. Wheeler, Elizabeth A. Ylitalo, Gina Bargu, Sibel Silver, Mary Leighfield, Tod Van Dolah, Frances Langlois, Gregg Sidor, Inga Dunn, J. Lawrence Gulland, Frances M. D. TI THE ROLE OF DOMOIC ACID IN ABORTION AND PREMATURE PARTURITION OF CALIFORNIA SEA LIONS (ZALOPHUS CALIFORNIANUS) ON SAN MIGUEL ISLAND, CALIFORNIA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Abortion; California sea lion; contaminants; domoic acid; infectious disease; premature births; reproduction ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; PHOCA-VITULINA-RICHARDSI; MARINE MAMMALS; REPRODUCTIVE FAILURE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA; REACTION ASSAY; LEPTOSPIROSIS; EXPOSURE; CHANNEL AB Domoic acid is a glutaminergic neurotoxin produced by marine algae such as Pseudonitzschia australis. California sea lions (Zalophus californianns) ingest the toxin when foraging on planktivorous fish. Adult females comprise 60% of stranded animals admitted for rehabilitation due to acute domoic acid toxicosis and commonly suffer from reproductive failure, including abortions and premature live births. Domoic acid has been shown to cross the placenta exposing the fetus to the toxin. To determine whether domoic acid was playing a role in reproductive failure in sea lion rookeries, 67 aborted and live-born premature pups were sampled on San Miguel Island in 2005 and 2006 to investigate the causes for reproductive failure. Analyses included domoic acid, contaminant and infectious disease testing, and histologic examination. Pseudo-nitzschia spp. were present both in the environment and in sea lion feces, and domoic acid was detected in the sea lion feces and in 17% of pup samples tested. Histopathologic findings included systemic and localized inflammation and bacterial infections of amniotic origin, placental abruption, and brain edema. The primary lesion in five animals with measurable domoic acid concentrations was brain edema, a common finding and, in some cases, the only lesion observed in aborted premature pups born to domoic acid intoxicated females in rehabilitation. Blubber organochlorine concentrations were lower than those measured previously in premature sea lion pups collected in the 1970s. While the etiology of abortion and premature parturition was varied in this study, these results suggest that domoic acid contributes to reproductive Failure on California sea lion rookeries. C1 [Goldstein, Tracey; Zabka, Tanja S.; Wheeler, Elizabeth A.; Gulland, Frances M. D.] Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. [DeLong, Robert L.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Ylitalo, Gina] NOAA Fisheries, US Dept Commerce, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Bargu, Sibel; Silver, Mary] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci Earth & Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Leighfield, Tod; Van Dolah, Frances] Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Langlois, Gregg] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. [Sidor, Inga; Dunn, J. Lawrence] Myst Aquarium & Inst Explorat, Mystic, CT 06355 USA. RP Goldstein, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, TB 128 Old Davis Rd, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM tgoldstein@ucdavis.edu FU Oceans and Human Health Initiative [NA04OAR4600200]; Morris Animal Foundation Fellowship Training [D05ZO-401]; West Coast Center for Oceans and Human Health (WCCOHH); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Oceans and Human Health Initiative FX This study was supported by funds from the Oceans and Human Health Initiative grant number NA04OAR4600200 and through a Morris Animal Foundation Fellowship Training grant number D05ZO-401. This study was also supported by the West Coast Center for Oceans and Human Health (WCCOHH) as part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Oceans and Human Health Initiative, WCCOHH publication no. 24. WCCOHH is part of the National Marine Fisheries Service's Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, Washington. The work was authorized nuclei- the LJS Marine Manunal protection Act by Scientific Research Permits No. 932-1.489-00 and No. 782-1446. Thanks due to tile biologists of tile marine are. Mallnual (,ClItCr and National Marine Mainmal I,ahorafory for assistance mnitli sample collection, the Cal-Pi-eEMIrr program For providing domoic acid concentrations for phytoplankton collected off the (,al Pofy Her, and many otbei-s floi- performing clinical diagnostic, art(] sample analyses, especially S. Mcliii, 1'. Oi-r, 14. Ziel, R. jenkinson, E. Sick, T. Norris, T. Spraker, K. (,'olegrove, S. Orosco' 1). King, S. Beid, K, Nielsen, W. I,ing Yu, 11 ' Nollens, R. Stoddard, 1. Morris, (,. Oliver, C. Field, all(] S, Fresca. We also thank 13. Anulacion, D. Boyd, R. Boyer, C. Sloan, J. Bolton, K. 'I'ilburv, all(] (- Yanagida from the Not-thwest Fishe ies Science (,enter ror contaminant and lipid analyses. NR 60 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 25 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 45 IS 1 BP 91 EP 108 PG 18 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 407VB UT WOS:000263391300010 PM 19204339 ER PT J AU de la Riva, GT Johnson, CK Gulland, FMD Langlois, GW Heyning, JE Rowles, TK Mazet, JAK AF de la Riva, Gretel Torres Johnson, Christine Kreuder Gulland, Frances M. D. Langlois, Gregg W. Heyning, John E. Rowles, Teri K. Mazet, Jonna A. K. TI ASSOCIATION OF AN UNUSUAL MARINE MAMMAL MORTALITY EVENT WITH PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA SPP. BLOOMS ALONG THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA COASTLINE SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE California sea lion; common dolphin; domoic acid toxicity; harmful algal blooms; marine mammal strandings; Pseudo-nitzschia spp. ID LIONS ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; DOMOIC ACID TOXICITY; SEA LIONS; LEPTOSPIROSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; RECEPTORS; NEURONS; MUSSELS; WHALES; HEALTH AB During 2002, 2,239 marine mammals stranded in southern California. This unusual marine mammal stranding event was clustered from April to June and consisted primarily of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) and long-beaked common dolphins (Delphinus capensis) with severe neurologic signs. Intoxication with domoic acid (DA), a marine neurotoxin produced during seasonal blooms of Pseudo-nitzschia spp., was suspected. Definitively linking harmful algal blooms to large-scale marine mammal mortalities presents a substantial challenge, as does determining the geographic extent, species composition, and potential population impacts of marine mammal die-offs. For this reason, time series cross-correlation analysis was performed to test the temporal correlations of Pseudo-nitzschia blooms with strandings occurring along the southern California coastline. Temporal correlations were identified between strandings and blooms for California sea lions, long-beaked common dolphins, and short-beaked common dolphins (Delphinus delphis). Similar correlations were identified for bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus), but small sample sizes for these species made associations more speculative. The timing of die blooms and strandings of marine mammals suggested that both inshore and offshore foraging species were affected and that marine biotoxin programs should include offshore monitoring sites. In addition, California sea lion-strandings appear to be a very sensitive indicator of DA in the marine environment, and their monitoring should he included in public health surveillance plans. C1 [de la Riva, Gretel Torres; Johnson, Christine Kreuder; Mazet, Jonna A. K.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Gulland, Frances M. D.] Marine Mammal Ctr, Marin Headlands, CA 94965 USA. [Langlois, Gregg W.] Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Environm Management Branch, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. [Heyning, John E.] Nat Hist Museum Los Angeles Cty, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. [Rowles, Teri K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Protected Resources, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Mazet, JAK (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jkmazet@ucdavis.edu RI Mazet, Jonna/B-4811-2012 FU National Marine Fisheries Service [DG13317-02-SE-0869]; California Marine Mammal Stranding Network (CMMSN) FX The authors wish to especially thank and dedicate this work to our deceased coauthor J. Heyning. This study was funded by the National Marine Fisheries Service through research agreement DG13317-02-SE-0869. This investigation would not have been possible without the collaboration of the volunteers of the California Department of Health Services' Marine Bintoxin Monitoring Program and of the member institutions of the California Marine Mammal Stranding Network (CMMSN) and their volunteers. We also,wish to thank J. Cordaro for providing access to the CMMSN database; J. Case for aiding in database design and development; M. Busnian and N. Wiggins of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Marine Biotoxins Prograrn for providing doinoic acid results to J. Heyning; Y. Hernandez, S. Campbell, and R. Maria for their help with data entry; J. Sullivan and K. Zagzebski providing additional data on strandings; ID. Greig and G. Heckel for sharing their knowledge on ecology and biology of marine mammal species; R. Anderson for her instruction with Are-GIS and mapping; D. Clifford and A. Kent for their assistance with figures; K. Cammen for preparing the original UME data set; and the faculty, staff and students of the UC Davis Wildlife Health Center. NR 45 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 5 U2 31 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 45 IS 1 BP 109 EP 121 PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 407VB UT WOS:000263391300011 PM 19204340 ER PT J AU Iida, K Chastek, TQ Beers, KL Cavicchi, KA Chun, J Fasolka, MJ AF Iida, Kazunori Chastek, Thomas Q. Beers, Kathryn L. Cavicchi, Kevin A. Chun, Jaehun Fasolka, Michael J. TI Living anionic polymerization using a microfluidic reactor SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID USER ACCEPTANCE; PLANT CONCEPTS; MICROSTRUCTURED REACTORS; RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; ANALYSIS SYSTEMS; ION PAIRS; FLOW; TECHNOLOGY AB Living anionic polymerizations were conducted within aluminum-polyimide microfluidic devices. Polymerizations of styrene in cyclohexane were carried out at various conditions, including elevated temperature (60 degrees C) and high monomer concentration (42%, by volume). The reactions were safely maintained at a controlled temperature at all points in the reactor. Conducting these reactions in a batch reactor results in uncontrolled heat generation with potentially dangerous rises in pressure. Moreover, the microfluidic nature of these devices allows for flexible 2D designing of the flow channel. Four flow designs were examined (straight, periodically pinched, obtuse zigzag, and acute zigzag channels). The ability to use the channel pattern to increase the level of mixing throughout the reactor was evaluated. When moderately high molecular mass polymers with increased viscosity were made, the patterned channels produced polymers with narrower PDI, indicating that passive mixing arising from the channel design is improving the reaction conditions. C1 [Iida, Kazunori; Chastek, Thomas Q.; Beers, Kathryn L.; Fasolka, Michael J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cavicchi, Kevin A.] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Chun, Jaehun] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99353 USA. RP Chastek, TQ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr MS8542, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM thomas.chastek@nist.gov; kathryn.beers@nist.gov FU NIST/National Research Council Postdoctoral Associateship FX The authors thank Dr. Steven Hudson, Dr. Thuy Chastek, and Dr. Eric Amis at NIST for their helpful suggestions and comments. T. Q. C. was supported by a NIST/National Research Council Postdoctoral Associateship. This work was carried out at the NIST Combinatorial Methods center (NCMC; www.nist.gov/combi). Official contribution of NIST; not subject to copyright in the United States. NR 48 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 28 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2009 VL 9 IS 2 BP 339 EP 345 DI 10.1039/b810006c PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 397FY UT WOS:000262649500023 PM 19107294 ER PT J AU Vreeland, W AF Vreeland, Wyatt TI Art in Science SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vreeland, W (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2009 VL 9 IS 3 BP 377 EP 379 DI 10.1039/b821774m PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 397FZ UT WOS:000262649600001 ER PT J AU Kralj, JG Player, A Sedrick, H Munson, MS Petersen, D Forry, SP Meltzer, P Kawasaki, E Locascio, LE AF Kralj, Jason G. Player, Audrey Sedrick, Hope Munson, Matthew S. Petersen, David Forry, Samuel P. Meltzer, Paul Kawasaki, Ernest Locascio, Laurie E. TI T7-based linear amplification of low concentration mRNA samples using beads and microfluidics for global gene expression measurements SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID POLYMER SURFACE; CDNA; QUANTITIES; PROCESSOR; PLASMA AB We have demonstrated in vitro transcription (IVT) of cDNA sequences from purified Jurkat T-cell mRNA immobilized on microfluidic packed beds down to single-cell quantities. The microfluidically amplified antisense-RNA (aRNA) was nearly identical in length and quantity compared with benchtop reactions using the same starting sample quantities. Microarrays were used to characterize the number and population of genes in each sample, allowing comparison of the microfluidic and benchtop processes. For both benchtop and microfluidic assays, we measured the expression of approximately 4000 to 9000 genes for sample amounts ranging from 20 pg to 10 ng (2 to 1000 cell equivalents), corresponding to 41 to 93% of the absolute number of genes detected from a 100 ng total RNA control sample. Concordance of genes detected between methods (benchtop vs. microfluidic) and repeats (microfluidic vs. microfluidic) typically exceeded 90%. Validation of microarray by Real-time PCR of a panel of five genes suggests transcription of genes present is approximately six times more efficient with the microfluidic IVT compared with benchtop processing. Microfluidic IVT introduces no bias to the gene expression profile of the sample and provides more efficient transcription of mRNA sequences present at the single-cell level. C1 [Kralj, Jason G.; Sedrick, Hope; Munson, Matthew S.; Forry, Samuel P.; Locascio, Laurie E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Player, Audrey; Petersen, David; Meltzer, Paul; Kawasaki, Ernest] NCI, NIH, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Kralj, JG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr MS 8313, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jason.kralj@nist.gov FU Intramural Research Program of the NIH; National Cancer Institute; Center for Cancer Research FX This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research. The authors thank Dr. Yonghong Wang for depositing the microarray data into NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository. NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2009 VL 9 IS 7 BP 917 EP 924 DI 10.1039/b811714d PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 419YS UT WOS:000264256200009 PM 19294302 ER PT J AU Cooksey, GA Plant, AL Atencia, J AF Cooksey, Gregory A. Plant, Anne L. Atencia, Javier TI A vacuum manifold for rapid world-to-chip connectivity of complex PDMS microdevices SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID CELL-CULTURE; SYSTEMS AB The lack of simple interfaces for microfluidic devices with a large number of inlets significantly limits production and utilization of these devices. In this article, we describe the fabrication of a reusable manifold that provides rapid world-to-chip connectivity. A vacuum network milled into a rigid manifold holds microdevices and prevents leakage of fluids injected into the device from ports in the manifold. A number of different manifold designs were explored, and all performed similarly, yielding an average of 100 kPa (15 psi) fluid holding pressure. The wide applicability of this manifold concept is demonstrated by interfacing with a 51-inlet microfluidic chip containing 144 chambers and hundreds of embedded pneumatic valves. Due to the speed of connectivity, the manifolds are ideal for rapid prototyping and are well suited to serve as "universal'' interfaces. C1 [Cooksey, Gregory A.; Plant, Anne L.; Atencia, Javier] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Atencia, J (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM javier.atencia@nist.gov RI Atencia, Javier/K-8613-2012 FU National Research Council FX GAC acknowledges a postdoctoral fellowship from the National Research Council. We thank Gregory Vogl and Joan Savall for helpful discussions. NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 14 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2009 VL 9 IS 9 BP 1298 EP 1300 DI 10.1039/b820683j PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 433RJ UT WOS:000265223200023 PM 19370253 ER PT J AU Atencia, J Morrow, J Locascio, LE AF Atencia, Javier Morrow, Jayne Locascio, Laurie E. TI The microfluidic palette: A diffusive gradient generator with spatio-temporal control SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID CELL-CULTURE; COMPLEX GRADIENTS; CHEMOTAXIS; MIGRATION; PLATFORM; DEVICE; ENVIRONMENTS; CHAMBER; SYSTEMS; GROWTH AB This paper describes a new microfluidic device called the "microfluidic palette'', capable of generating multiple spatial chemical gradients simultaneously inside a microfluidic chamber. The unique aspect of this work is that chemical gradients are generated by diffusion, without convection, and can either be held constant over long periods, or modified dynamically. We characterized a representative device with a 1.5 mm circular chamber where diffusion takes place, and three access-ports for the delivery and removal of solutes. The gradient stabilizes in approximate to 15 min for small molecules and can be maintained constant indefinitely. We demonstrate overlapping gradients with different spatial location and a controlled rotation of a diffusive gradient around its centre. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of this tool to study the chemotactic response of the bacteria P. aeruginosa to glucose. C1 [Atencia, Javier; Morrow, Jayne; Locascio, Laurie E.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Atencia, J (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jatencia@nist.gov; laurie.locascio@nist.gov RI Atencia, Javier/K-8613-2012 FU NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs FX We acknowledge J. Douglas, D. J. Ross, J. Kralj, S. P. Forry and W. N. Vreeland for valuable discussions, M. Munson for early FEM simulations, and G. Cooksey for advice on Matlab programming and the photographs shown in Fig. 2. Part of this work was performed at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology Nanofab that is partially sponsored by the NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs. NR 34 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 39 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2009 VL 9 IS 18 BP 2707 EP 2714 DI 10.1039/b902113b PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 487QJ UT WOS:000269289600013 PM 19704987 ER PT J AU Piehler, MF Dyble, J Moisander, PH Chapman, AD Hendrickson, J Paerl, HW AF Piehler, Michael F. Dyble, Julianne Moisander, Pia H. Chapman, Andrew D. Hendrickson, John Paerl, Hans W. TI Interactions between nitrogen dynamics and the phytoplankton community in Lake George, Florida, USA SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bioassay; cyanobacteria; eutrophication; nitrogen fixation; nutrient management; phytoplankton ID CYANOBACTERIUM CYLINDROSPERMOPSIS-RACIBORSKII; PHOSPHORUS SUPPLY RATIOS; NEUSE RIVER ESTUARY; BLUE-GREEN-ALGAE; NORTH-CAROLINA; ECOSYSTEMS; LIMITATION; DOMINANCE; FIXATION; EVOLUTION AB Nutrient addition bioassays were conducted to examine the relationship between inorganic nutrient enrichment and phytoplankton community structure and function in Lake George in the St. Johns River System, Florida, USA. Additionally, a nitrogen budget for the lake was developed and included data from the period of this study. We identified the factors that affected cyanobacterial productivity, prevalence, and nitrogen (N(2)) fixation. The importance of N(2) fixation to the nitrogen (N) budget of the system was also assessed. We hypothesized that N(2) fixation significantly contributed to the Lake George N budget and that changing the nutrient conditions in manipulative experiments would affect rates of N(2) fixation and composition of the phytoplankton, particularly the N(2)-fixing community. Phytoplankton primary productivity in Lake George was stimulated by the addition of both N and phosphorus (P). Phytoplankton biomass accumulation was most often enhanced by the combined addition of N and P; however, N alone was also often stimulatory. When detected, N(2) fixation was always stimulated by P additions. Short-term changes in phytoplankton community composition included taxonomic shifts in response to nutrient manipulations. Fixation of N(2) appeared to be a significant contributor to the N load to the lake. Human impacts that change the loading of N, P, or both N and P to Lake George may affect phytoplankton community structure ( composition and biomass) and function ( primary productivity and N(2) fixation). These changes could have consequences for biogeochemical cycling in Lake George and potentially through the freshwater-marine continuum. Continuing nutrient management efforts in this and other similar systems must account for the activity of N(2)-fixing cyanobacteria, as products ( carbon fixation) and drivers ( sources of new nitrogen) of eutrophication. C1 [Piehler, Michael F.; Paerl, Hans W.] Univ N Carolina Chapel Hill, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Dyble, Julianne] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Moisander, Pia H.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95068 USA. [Chapman, Andrew D.] BCI Engineers & Scientists Inc, GreenWater Labs, Palatka, FL 32177 USA. [Hendrickson, John] St Johns River Water Management Dist, Palatka, FL 32177 USA. RP Piehler, MF (reprint author), Univ N Carolina Chapel Hill, Inst Marine Sci, 3431 Arendell St, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. EM mpiehler@email.unc.edu RI Piehler, Michael/C-3844-2011 FU St. Johns RiverWater Management District; U. S. EPA-STAR program [R82867701]; NSF [DEB-0452324] FX We thank the St. Johns RiverWater Management District and the U. S. EPA-STAR program (R82867701) and NSF DEB-0452324 for funding this work. B. Peierls, A. Waggener, S. Ensign, M. Waters and S. McMillan provided valuable editorial suggestions. The comments and suggestions of the reviewers significantly enhanced this manuscript. C. Stevenson, B. Chang, B. Hendrickson, A. Waggener, J. Leonard, P. Sanderson and J. Joyner contributed to field and laboratory analyses. NR 52 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 29 PU NORTH AMER LAKE MANAGEMENT SOC PI MADISON PA PO BOX 5443, MADISON, WI 53705-5443 USA SN 1040-2381 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PY 2009 VL 25 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1080/07438140802714288 PG 14 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 492OC UT WOS:000269667100001 ER PT J AU Silver, RM AF Silver, Richard M. TI Scatterfield optical imaging enables sub-10 nm dimensional metrology SO LASER FOCUS WORLD LA English DT Article AB Advances in optical microscopy have enabled unprecedented achievement in metrology and imaging. A new low-cost technique promises substantial impact on manufacturing productivity, process control, and calibration standards.. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Precis Engn, Nanoscale Metrol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Silver, RM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Precis Engn, Nanoscale Metrol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM richard.silver@nist.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO PI NASHUA PA 98 SPIT BROOK RD, NASHUA, NH 03062-2801 USA SN 1043-8092 J9 LASER FOCUS WORLD JI Laser Focus World PD JAN PY 2009 VL 45 IS 1 BP 106 EP + PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 400DJ UT WOS:000262847900030 ER PT J AU Miller, CC Ohno, Y Davis, W Zong, YQ Dowling, K AF Miller, Cameron C. Ohno, Yoshi Davis, Wendy Zong, Yuqin Dowling, Kevin TI NIST SPECTRALLY TUNABLE LIGHTING FACILITY FOR COLOUR RENDERING AND LIGHTING EXPERIMENTS SO LIGHT & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CIE Light and Lighting Conference CY 2009 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP CIE DE colour rendering; general lighting; spectrally tunable light; vision science AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology has developed a spectrally tunable lighting facility to allow state-of-the-art vision experiments on colour rendering and lighting. The facility is composed of two cubicles, each lit by a spectrally tunable light source that contains 1800 high power light-emitting diodes comprising 22 colour channels that are used to simulate traditional and new lighting spectra. Human observers can be completely immersed in the lighting environment and completely adapted to allow for the evaluation of the colour rendering of objects, including human faces and skin tones, in a real-life setting. C1 [Miller, Cameron C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Photometry Light Sources, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Dowling, Kevin] Philips Colour Kinet, Burlington, MA USA. [Miller, Cameron C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Retro Reflecting Mat Opt Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ohno, Yoshi] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Photometr Project, Opt Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Davis, Wendy; Zong, Yuqin] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Miller, CC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Photometry Light Sources, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM c.miller@nist.gov NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU ZNACK PUBLISHING HOUSE PI MOSCOW PA PO BOX 648, 10100 MOSCOW, RUSSIA SN 0236-2945 J9 LIGHT ENG JI Light Eng. PY 2009 VL 17 IS 4 BP 57 EP + PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA 541BI UT WOS:000273385600008 ER PT J AU Trainer, VL Hickey, BM Lessard, EJ Cochlan, WP Trick, CG Wells, ML MacFadyen, A Moore, SK AF Trainer, Vera L. Hickey, Barbara M. Lessard, Evelyn J. Cochlan, William P. Trick, Charles G. Wells, Mark L. MacFadyen, Amoreena Moore, Stephanie K. TI Variability of Pseudo-nitzschia and domoic acid in the Juan de Fuca eddy region and its adjacent shelves SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID WASHINGTON COAST; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS; SILICATE LIMITATION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; GROWTH; DIATOMS; PHYTOPLANKTON; CALIFORNIA; BACILLARIOPHYCEAE; MULTISERIES AB The Juan de Fuca eddy is a toxic "hot spot." Domoic acid (DA) was detected in the eddy during each of six cruises over a 4-yr study, although Pseudo-nitzschia abundance and toxin concentrations were highly variable. During the September 2004 eddy bloom, Pseudo-nitzschia spp. exceeded 13 X 10(6) cells L(-1), and particulate DA reached 80 nmol L(-1). Of the >10 species of Pseudo-nitzschia identified in this region, those coincident with the most toxic blooms are P. cf. pseudodelicatissima, P. cuspidata, P. multiseries, and P. australis. However, the presence of any particular species could not be used as an indicator of toxicity because of the high level of variability in intracellular DA in field assemblages. Pseudo-nitzschia cells were typically associated with blooms of other diatom taxa but also were coincident with blooms of euglenoids and dinoflagellates in the eddy region. Pseudo-nitzschia always comprised <17% of the total carbon biomass, thereby rendering remote sensing an unsuitable means for predicting toxigenic Pseudo-nitzschia blooms in this region. Our results support the hypothesis that the Juan de Fuca eddy region and not the nearshore zone is the primary initiation site for toxic blooms of Pseudo-nitzschia affecting the Washington coast. Although particulate DA was observed near the edges of the Columbia River plume, whether toxin can be produced in situ in plume water is not resolved. No first-order predictive relationships were found for either Pseudo-nitzschia abundance or DA concentration and environmental data from all six cruises. C1 [Trainer, Vera L.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Hickey, Barbara M.; Lessard, Evelyn J.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Cochlan, William P.] San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr Environm Studies, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. [Trick, Charles G.] Univ Western Ontario, Schulich Sch Med & Dent, Dept Biol, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. [Trick, Charles G.] Univ Western Ontario, Schulich Sch Med & Dent, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. [Wells, Mark L.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [MacFadyen, Amoreena; Moore, Stephanie K.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Trainer, VL (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Vera.L.Trainer@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation's (NSF) [OCE-0234587]; NOAA ECOHAB [NA16OP1450] FX We thank the officers and crew of the R/V Wecoma, R/V Atlantis, R/V Thompson, and R/V Melville for their assistance. We thank J. Herndon for nutrient analysis; N. Tsui, B. Bill, and A. Odell for the Pseudo-nitzschia cell enumeration; K. Baugh and S. Nance for DA analyses; M. Bernhardt andM. Foy for planktonanalyses; M. Auro, R. Radan, and N. Ladizinsky for pigment analyses; N. Kachel for conductivity, temperature, depth (CTD) analyses; S. Geier and numerous other colleagues for cruise support; and N. Adams and S. Day for assistance with the figures. We gratefully acknowledge N. Lundholm, C. Stehr, and B. Bill for electron microscopy; R. Stumpf andM. Tomlinson for satellite imagery; and two anonymous reviewers for their comments on this manuscript. The Ecology and Oceanography in the Pacific Northwest (ECOHAB-PNW) project was funded by the National Science Foundation's (NSF) ECOHAB project OCE-0234587 and NOAA ECOHAB grant NA16OP1450. This is ECOHAB publication 266 and ECOHAB-PNW publication 18. NR 56 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 54 IS 1 BP 289 EP 308 DI 10.4319/lo.2009.54.1.0289 PG 20 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 432XX UT WOS:000265168800023 ER PT S AU Linsky, JL Redfield, S AF Linsky, Jeffrey L. Redfield, Seth BE Kuntz, KD Smith, RK Snowden, SL TI Structure, Dynamics, and Physical Properties of the Warm LISM Within the Local Bubble SO LOCAL BUBBLE AND BEYOND II SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Local Bubble and Beyond CY APR 21-24, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, XMM-Newton Guest Observer Fac DE heliosphere; interstellar medium; solar wind; magnetic field; magnetohydrodynamics; termination shock ID INTERSTELLAR SCINTILLATION; SCATTERING; CLOUD; GAS; VELOCITY AB We describe our empirical model of warm gas in the local interstellar medium. High-resolution absorption-line spectra of 157 stars provide radial-velocity and physical parameter data for 270 interstellar velocity components. This extensive data set allowed us to piece together a detailed model of the partially ionized warm gas within the Local Bubble. We have identified velocity vectors and projected morphologies of 15 warm gas clouds located within 15 parsecs of the Sun. These clouds have diverse gas temperatures, turbulent velocities, and metal depletions. Cloud-cloud collisions may be responsible for the filamentary morphologies found in about 1/3 of the clouds. We explain the large-amplitude intraday and annular scintillation variability of several quasars seen at radio wavelengths by turbulent scattering screens located at cloud boundaries. Collisions between the clouds could produce the turbulence and ionization at the cloud boundaries. A nearby cold dense cloud is likely compressed and shielded by surounding warm clouds. C1 [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Redfield, Seth] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Redfield, Seth] Univ Texas Austin, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Linsky, JL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. OI Redfield, Seth/0000-0003-3786-3486 FU NASA through Hubble [HST-HF-01190.01]; Space Telescope Science Institute; Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc; NASA [NAS 5-26555]; NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute FX S. R. would like to acknowledge support for this work provided by NASA through Hubble Fellowshipgrant HST-HF-01190.01 awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc.,for NASA, under contract NAS 5-26555. Support for HST observing programs 9525 and 10236 was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0693-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1156 BP 174 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BNE30 UT WOS:000274259900022 ER PT S AU Hilton, GC AF Hilton, G. C. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Low Temperature Detectors: Principles and Applications SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE low-temperature detectors ID MAGNETIC CALORIMETERS; MICROCALORIMETERS; PERFORMANCE; PHYSICS AB Despite the added cost and complexity of operating at sub-Kelvin temperatures, there are many measurement applications where the sensitivity and precision provided by low temperature detectors greatly outweigh any disadvantages. As a result, low temperature detectors are now finding wide application for measurements ranging from cosmology to homeland defense. In this tutorial I will introduce the basic operating principles and fundamental performance limits of several types of low temperature detectors. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Hilton, GC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 3 EP 5 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500001 ER PT S AU Jethava, N Ullom, JN Irwin, KD Doriese, WB Beall, JA Hilton, GC Vale, LR Zink, B AF Jethava, Nikhil Ullom, Joel N. Irwin, Kent D. Doriese, W. B. Beall, J. A. Hilton, G. C. Vale, L. R. Zink, Barry BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI a Dependence of Excess Noise on the Partial Derivatives of Resistance in Superconducting Transition Edge Sensors SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE Superconducting Transition Edge Sensors; Microcalorimeter; Excess noise; Unexplained noise AB We have measured the relation between sensor noise and the steepness (alpha = T/R.dR/dT and beta I/R.dR/dI of the superconducting transition for various superconducting transition edge sensors. The measurements are performed on square Mo/Cu bilayer thermistors of three sizes (125 mu m, 250 mu m and 400 mu m), which are fabricated for X-ray detection. We have identified the devices in two regimes: a) alpha > 100 and b) alpha < 100. The devices with a smaller than 100 strictly follow non-linear bolometer and micro-calorimeter noise theory while in most devices with a greater than 100, we see an unexplained noise contribution. C1 [Jethava, Nikhil] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ullom, Joel N.; Irwin, Kent D.; Doriese, W. B.; Beall, J. A.; Hilton, G. C.; Vale, L. R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Zink, Barry] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. RP Jethava, N (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. OI Zink, Barry/0000-0001-7732-532X NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 31 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3292343 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500005 ER PT S AU Jethava, N Ullom, JN Bennett, DA Irwin, KD Horansky, RD Beall, JA Hilton, GC Vale, LR Hoover, A Bacrania, MK Rabin, MW AF Jethava, N. Ullom, J. N. Bennett, D. A. Irwin, K. D. Horansky, R. D. Beall, J. A. Hilton, G. C. Vale, L. R. Hoover, A. Bacrania, M. K. Rabin, M. W. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Characterization of Thermal Cross-talk in a gamma-ray Microcalorimeter Array SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE Superconducting Transition Edge Sensor (TES); microcalorimeter; gamma-ray; cross-talk AB We present experimental data describing cross-talk within an array of gamma-ray microcalorimeters during gamma-ray irradiation. The microcalorimeters consist of Mo/Cu transition-edge sensors (TESs) with attached Sn absorbers. We observe both thermal and electrical cross-talk with peak cross-talk amplitudes as large as 0.4%. We have developed an analytical model for thermal cross-talk and make a preliminary comparison to data. Cross-talk must be understood and minimized for high resolution spectroscopy at high input count rates. C1 [Jethava, N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ullom, J. N.; Bennett, D. A.; Irwin, K. D.; Horansky, R. D.; Beall, J. A.; Hilton, G. C.; Vale, L. R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hoover, A.; Bacrania, M. K.; Rabin, M. W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jethava, N (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Bennett, Douglas/B-8001-2012 OI Bennett, Douglas/0000-0003-3011-3690 FU U.S. Department of Energy through the Office of Nonproliferation Research and Development FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of the U.S. Department of Energy through the Office of Nonproliferation Research and Development. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 34 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3292349 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500006 ER PT S AU Noroozian, O Gao, JS Zmuidzinas, J Leduc, HG Mazin, BA AF Noroozian, Omid Gao, Jiansong Zmuidzinas, Jonas LeDuc, Henry G. Mazin, Benjamin A. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Two-level system noise reduction for Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detector; Two Level System Noise; Interdigitated Capacitor AB Noise performance is one of the most crucial aspects of any detector. Superconducting Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors (MKIDs) have an "excess" frequency noise that shows up as a small time dependent jitter of the resonance frequency characterized by the frequency noise power spectrum measured in units of Hz(2)/Hz. Recent studies have shown that this noise almost certainly originates from a surface layer of two-level system (TLS) defects on the metallization or substrate. Fluctuation of these TLSs introduces noise in the resonator due to coupling of the TLS electric dipole moments to the resonator's electric field. Motivated by a semi-empirical quantitative theory of this noise mechanism, we have designed and tested new resonator geometries in which the high-field "capacitive" portion of the CPW resonator is replaced by an interdigitated capacitor (IDC) structure with 10 20 mu m electrode spacing, as compared to the 2 gm spacing used for our more conventional CPW resonators. Measurements show that this new IDC design has dramatically lower TLS noise, currently by about a factor of 29 in terms of the frequency noise power spectrum, corresponding to an improvement of about a factor of root 29 in NEP. These new devices are replacing the CPW resonators in our next design iteration in progress for MKIDCam. Opportunities and prospects for future reduction of the TLS noise will be discussed. C1 [Noroozian, Omid; Zmuidzinas, Jonas] CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Gao, Jiansong] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [LeDuc, Henry G.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Mazin, Benjamin A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Noroozian, O (reprint author), CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Noroozian, Omid/G-3519-2011; Mazin, Ben/B-8704-2011 OI Noroozian, Omid/0000-0002-9904-1704; Mazin, Ben/0000-0003-0526-1114 NR 12 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 148 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500031 ER PT S AU Moore, DC Mazin, BA Golwala, S Bumble, B Gao, J Young, BA McHugh, S Day, PK LeDuc, HG Zmuidzinas, J AF Moore, D. C. Mazin, B. A. Golwala, S. Bumble, B. Gao, J. Young, B. A. McHugh, S. Day, P. K. LeDuc, H. G. Zmuidzinas, J. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Quasiparticle Trapping in Microwave Kinetic Inductance Strip Detectors SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE Microwave kinetic inductance detectors; strip detectors; WIMP dark matter detectors; quasiparticle trapping AB Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors (MKIDs) are thin-film, superconducting resonators, which are attractive for making large detector arrays due to their natural frequency domain multiplexing at GHz frequencies. For X-ray to IR wavelengths, MKIDs can provide high-resolution energy and timing information for each incoming photon. By fabricating strip detectors consisting of a rectangular absorber coupled to MKIDs at each end, high quantum efficiency and spatial resolution can be obtained. A similar geometry is being pursued for phonon sensing in a WIMP dark matter detector. Various materials have been tested including tantalum, tin, and aluminum for the absorbing strip, and aluminum, titanium, and aluminum manganese for the MKID. Initial Ta/Al X-ray devices have shown energy resolutions as good as 62 eV at 6 keV. A Ta/Al UV strip detector with an energy resolution of 0.8 eV at 4.9 eV has been demonstrated, but we find the coupling of the MKIDs to the absorbers is unreliable for these thinner devices. We report on progress probing the thicknesses at which the absorber/MKID coupling begins to degrade by using a resonator to inject quasiparticles directly into the absorber. In order to eliminate the absorber/MKID interface, a modified design for implanted AlMn/Al UV strip detectors was developed, and results showing good transmission of quasiparticles from the absorber to MKID in these devices are presented. C1 [Moore, D. C.; Golwala, S.; Zmuidzinas, J.] CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Mazin, B. A.; McHugh, S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Bumble, B.; Day, P. K.; LeDuc, H. G.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Gao, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Young, B. A.] Santa Clara Univ, Dept Phys, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. RP Moore, DC (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Mazin, Ben/B-8704-2011 OI Mazin, Ben/0000-0003-0526-1114 FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology, under a contract wtth the National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract wtth the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We would like to thank the JPL Research and Technology Development program, and the Gordon and Betty Moore foundation, for their generous support. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 168 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500036 ER PT S AU Maloney, PR Czakon, NG Day, PK Duan, R Gao, J Glenn, J Golwala, S Hollister, M LeDuc, HG Mazin, B Noroozian, O Nguyen, HT Sayers, J Schlaerth, J Vaillancourt, JE Vayonakis, A Wilson, P Zmuidzinas, J AF Maloney, P. R. Czakon, N. G. Day, P. K. Duan, R. Gao, J. Glenn, J. Golwala, S. Hollister, M. LeDuc, H. G. Mazin, B. Noroozian, O. Nguyen, H. T. Sayers, J. Schlaerth, J. Vaillancourt, J. E. Vayonakis, A. Wilson, P. Zmuidzinas, J. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI The MKID Camera SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE Radio Telescopes and Instrumentation; Superconducting infrared; submillimeter; millimeter-wave detectors AB The MKID Camera project is a collaborative effort of Caltech, JPL, the University of Colorado, and UC Santa Barbara to develop a large-format, multi-color millimeter and submillimeter-wavelength camera for astronomy using microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs). These are superconducting, micro-resonators fabricated from thin aluminum and niobium films. We couple the MKIDs to multi-slot antennas and measure the change in surface impedance produced by photon-induced breaking of Cooper pairs. The readout is almost entirely at room temperature and can be highly multiplexed; in principle hundreds or even thousands of resonators could be read out on a single feedline. The camera will have 576 spatial pixels that image simultaneously in four bands at 750, 850, 1100 and 1300 microns. It is scheduled for deployment at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory in the summer of 2010. We present an overview of the camera design and readout and describe the current status of testing and fabrication. C1 [Maloney, P. R.; Glenn, J.; Schlaerth, J.] Univ Colorado, CASA, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Czakon, N. G.; Duan, R.; Golwala, S.; Hollister, M.; Noroozian, O.; Vaillancourt, J. E.; Vayonakis, A.; Zmuidzinas, J.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Day, P. K.; LeDuc, H. G.; Nguyen, H. T.; Sayers, J.; Wilson, P.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Gao, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Mazin, B.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Maloney, PR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CASA, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI Mazin, Ben/B-8704-2011; Noroozian, Omid/G-3519-2011; OI Mazin, Ben/0000-0003-0526-1114; Noroozian, Omid/0000-0002-9904-1704; Vaillancourt, John/0000-0001-8916-1828 FU NSF [AST-0705157]; University of Colorado, NASA [NNGC06C71G]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; JPL Research and Technology Development Fund FX The MKID Camera project is supported by NSF grant AST-0705157 to the University of Colorado, NASA grant NNGC06C71G to Caltech, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and the JPL Research and Technology Development Fund. We are grateful to the Xilinx corporation for their generous donation of the FPGAs needed for the readout electronics. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 176 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500038 ER PT S AU Schlaerth, J Golwala, S Zmuidzinas, J Vayonakis, A Gao, J Czakon, N Day, P Glenn, J Hollister, M LeDuc, H Maloney, P Mazin, B Nguyen, H Sayers, J Vaillancourt, J AF Schlaerth, J. Golwala, S. Zmuidzinas, J. Vayonakis, A. Gao, Js. Czakon, N. Day, P. Glenn, J. Hollister, M. LeDuc, H. Maloney, P. Mazin, B. Nguyen, H. Sayers, J. Vaillancourt, J. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Sensitivity Optimization of Millimeter/Submillimeter MKID Camera Pixel Device Design SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE Radio Telescopes and Instrumentation; Superconducting infrared; submillimeter and millimeter-wave detectors AB We are using Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors in a sub/millimeter camera for the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory. These detectors are microwave resonators that rely on submillimeter and millimeter-wave photons to break Cooper pairs, changing the surface impedance. This changes the resonator frequency and quality factor, Q, and is measured by probe signals sent through a feedline coupled to the detectors. The camera will be divided into 16 independent readout tiles, each of which will fit 144 resonators at different frequencies into 360 MHz of bandwidth. We discuss the effect of readout power and single pixel frequency responsivity on the NEP of the detectors. Finally, we consider the mapping speeds of a full tile as a function of Q, which is controlled through the detector volume. A lower Q at fixed optical power implies greater responsivity, while a higher Q decreases the collision probability - the likelihood that any two resonators will have close enough resonant frequencies for crosstalk to be unacceptably high. We find the optimal design based on these constraints, and the corresponding mapping speeds expected at the telescope. C1 [Schlaerth, J.; Glenn, J.; Maloney, P.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, 593 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Golwala, S.; Zmuidzinas, J.; Vayonakis, A.; Czakon, N.; Hollister, M.; Vaillancourt, J.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Gao, Js.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Day, P.; LeDuc, H.; Nguyen, H.; Sayers, J.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Mazin, B.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Schlaerth, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, 593 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Mazin, Ben/B-8704-2011; OI Mazin, Ben/0000-0003-0526-1114; Vaillancourt, John/0000-0001-8916-1828 FU National Science Foundation [AST-0705157]; University of Colorado and Cahfomia Institute of Technology; Graduate Student Researchers Program [8743]; NASA/JPL; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; NASA ROSES; Cahfomia Institute of Technology; JPL Research and Technology Development Fund FX This research was funded by the National Science Foundation, grant AST-0705157 to the University of Colorado and Cahfomia Institute of Technology, and personal support was given by the Graduate Student Researchers Program, grant 8743, through NASA/JPL. We would also like to acknowledge the contribution of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, NASA ROSES support to the Cahfomia Institute of Technology, and the JPL Research and Technology Development Fund. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 180 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3292310 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500039 ER PT S AU Irwin, KD AF Irwin, Kent D. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Shannon Limits for Low-Temperature Detector Readout SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawernce Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE SQUID; transition-edge sensor; microwave kinetic inductance detector; multiplexer; Shannon limit ID HYBRID SQUID MULTIPLEXER; MATHEMATICAL-THEORY; ARRAYS; MICROCALORIMETER; COMMUNICATION; RESOLUTION; SENSORS AB Information theory places constraints on multiplexing large low-temperature detector arrays. We discuss these constraints, and review the state of the art of multiplexed low-temperature detector arrays. The number of detectors read out by each output communication channel is much smaller than the theoretical maximum predicted by the Shannon-Hartley Theorem. We discuss emerging multiplexing techniques based on Walsh code-division multiplexing and hybrid multiplexing modulation functions that have the potential to increase the number of pixels multiplexed in each communication channel closer to the Shannon limit. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Irwin, KD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. OI Irwin, Kent/0000-0002-2998-9743 NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 229 EP 236 DI 10.1063/1.3292320 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500050 ER PT S AU Reintsema, CD Adams, JS Baker, R Bandler, SR Doriese, WR Figueroa-Feliciano, E Hilton, GC Irwin, KD Kelly, RL Kilbourne, CA Krinsky, JW Porter, FS Wikus, P AF Reintsema, C. D. Adams, J. S. Baker, R. Bandler, S. R. Doriese, W. R. Figueroa-Feliciano, E. Hilton, G. C. Irwin, K. D. Kelly, R. L. Kilbourne, C. A. Krinsky, J. W. Porter, F. S. Wikus, P. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Electronics for a Next-Generation SQUID-Based Time-Domain Multiplexing System SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE SQUID; multiplexing; instrumentation; transition edge sensor AB A decade has elapsed since the design, development and realization of a SQUID-based time-division multiplexer at NIST. During this time the system has been used extensively for low-temperature-detector-array measurements. Concurrently, there have been substantial advancements both in detector array and commercial electronic component technology. The relevance and applicability of the technology has blossomed as well, often accompanied by more demanding measurement requirements. These factors have motivated a complete redesign of the NIST room-temperature read-out electronics. The redesign has leveraged advancements in component technology to achieve new capabilities better suited to the SQUID multiplexers and detector arrays being realized today. As examples of specific performance enhancements, the overall system bandwidth has been increased by a factor of four (a row switching rate of 6.24 MHz), the compactness has been increased by over a factor of two (a higher number of detector columns and rows per circuit board), and there are two high speed outputs per column (allowing fast switching of SQUID offsets in addition to digital feedback). The system architecture, design implementations, and performance advantages of the new system will be discussed. As an application example, the science chain flight electronics for the Micro-X High Resolution Microcalorimeter X-ray Imaging Rocket will be described as both a motivation for, and a direct implementation of the new system. C1 [Reintsema, C. D.; Doriese, W. R.; Hilton, G. C.; Irwin, K. D.; Krinsky, J. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Adams, J. S.; Baker, R.; Bandler, S. R.; Kelly, R. L.; Kilbourne, C. A.; Porter, F. S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Figueroa-Feliciano, E.; Wikus, P.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Reintsema, CD (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Bandler, Simon/A-6258-2010; Porter, Frederick/D-3501-2012; Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012 OI Bandler, Simon/0000-0002-5112-8106; Porter, Frederick/0000-0002-6374-1119; NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 237 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3292321 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500051 ER PT S AU Lueker, M Benson, B Bleem, L Chang, C Cho, HM Clarke, J Crites, A Crawford, T Dobbs, M Holzapfel, W Lanting, T Lee, A Mehl, J Plagge, T Shirokoff, E Spieler, H Vieira, J AF Lueker, Martin Benson, Bradford Bleem, Lindsey Chang, Clarence Cho, Hsiao-Mei Clarke, John Crites, Abigail Crawford, Thomas Dobbs, Matt Holzapfel, William Lanting, Trevor Lee, Adrian Mehl, Jared Plagge, Thomas Shirokoff, Erik Spieler, Helmuth Vieira, Joaquin BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI A Frequency Domain Multiplexed Receiver for the South Pole Telescope SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE Multiplexing; Transition-edge; Bolometer; Systems-engineering ID TRANSITION-EDGE SENSORS; ARRAYS; READOUT AB The South Pole Telescope (SPT), like its precursor experiment APEX-SZ,makes mm-wavelength observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). Both of these experiments utilize large-scale bolometer arrays with Frequency-Domain Multiplexing to read out multiple TES bolometers with one SQUID. Though Frequency-Domain Mutltiplexing was successfully demonstrated well before the deployment of the SPT, there were many system level details that needed to be dealt with when transitioning from a small-scale "proof-of-principle" system to a full kilo-pixel array that has to operate reliably in the field. These changes vary in scope from the thermal design of the bolometers themselves, to the SQUID feedback electronics and the software used to operate these electronics. In this paper we describe some of the systems-engineering details involved in building a multiplexed instrument such as the SPT receiver. C1 [Lueker, Martin; Clarke, John; Holzapfel, William; Lee, Adrian; Plagge, Thomas; Shirokoff, Erik] Univ Calif Berkeley, 151 LeConte Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Benson, Bradford; Bleem, Lindsey; Chang, Clarence; Crites, Abigail; Crawford, Thomas; Mehl, Jared; Vieira, Joaquin] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Cho, Hsiao-Mei] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 90305 USA. [Dobbs, Matt] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Lanting, Trevor] D Wave Syst, Burnaby, BC V5C 6G9, Canada. [Spieler, Helmuth] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lueker, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, 151 LeConte Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015 FU National Science Foundation [ANT-0638937, ANT-0130612]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and Canada Research Chairs program FX The South Pole Telescope team is supported by the National Science Foundation through grants ANT-0638937 and ANT-0130612. We thank LBNL engineers John Joseph and Chinh Vu for their work on the readout electronics. The McGill group acknowledges funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and Canada Research Chairs program. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 241 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3292323 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500052 ER PT S AU Adams, JS Bandler, SR Brown, LE Boyce, KR Chiao, MP Doriese, WB Eckart, ME Hilton, GC Kelley, RL Kilbourne, CA Porter, FS Rabin, MW Smith, SJ Stewart, DD Ullom, JN AF Adams, J. S. Bandler, S. R. Brown, L. E. Boyce, K. R. Chiao, M. P. Doriese, W. B. Eckart, M. E. Hilton, G. C. Kelley, R. L. Kilbourne, C. A. Porter, F. S. Rabin, M. W. Smith, S. J. Stewart, D. D. Ullom, J. N. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Real-Time Data Processing for X-Ray Spectroscopy SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE X-ray Astronomy; Pulse Detection; Signal Processing; Optimal Filter AB Over the last decade, the field of x-ray calorimeters has matured to the point where calorimeter instruments are becoming more common, requiring the development of turnkey systems that are easy to use for non-expert operators. In addition, the use of large arrays in spaceflight instruments requires a significant reduction in data density in order to remain compatible with highly restricted telemetry bandwidths. As calorimeter instruments mature and find wider use outside of the laboratory, the ability to perform signal analysis and data reduction on the raw data stream in real-time has gone from a convenience to a necessity. We will report on the adaptation of the Digital Signal Processor (DSP) based analysis electronics originally developed for the 32 channel Astro-E and Astro-E2 satellite missions to a full software version implemented with off-the-shelf hardware. This implementation requires a minimum of human intervention and is capable of real-time data analysis of x-ray events on many channels simultaneously, including triggering, optimal filtering and pulse height analysis. This suite has been successfully deployed in the XRS/EBIT and the EBIT/ECS experiments at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory and has been operational for over five years. We are currently scaling this system to much larger arrays as a test-bed for the XMS instrument on the International X-Ray Observatory (IXO) and for ground experiments such as the gamma-ray spectrometer at Los Alamos National Laboratory. C1 [Adams, J. S.; Chiao, M. P.; Smith, S. J.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Bandler, S. R.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bandler, S. R.] CRESST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Brown, L. E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Boyce, K. R.; Eckart, M. E.; Kelley, R. L.; Kilbourne, C. A.; Porter, F. S.; Stewart, D. D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, X Ray Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Doriese, W. B.; Hilton, G. C.; Ullom, J. N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Rabin, M. W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Adams, JS (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RI Bandler, Simon/A-6258-2010; Smith, Stephen/B-1256-2008; Porter, Frederick/D-3501-2012; Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012 OI Bandler, Simon/0000-0002-5112-8106; Smith, Stephen/0000-0003-4096-4675; Porter, Frederick/0000-0002-6374-1119; NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 274 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3292331 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500060 ER PT S AU Kotsubo, V Beall, J Ullom, J AF Kotsubo, Vincent Beall, James Ullom, Joel BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Device for Measuring Heat Capacities of Microcalorimeter Absorber Materials SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawernce Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE Microcalorimeter; absorber; gamma-ray spectroscopy; heat capacity; thermometry ID RESOLUTION AB We are developing a device for measuring the heat capacity of candidate absorber materials for gamma-ray microcalorimeters with the goal of finding materials with low heat capacity and high stopping power to improve detector efficiency. To date, only Sn has been effective as an absorber, and speculation is that other materials suffer from anomalously high heat capacities at low temperatures. The key component of the measurement device is a 17 mm x 17 mm low heat capacity silicon platform suspended by Kevlar fibers designed for accepting 1 g to 2 g samples, and whose heat capacity can be characterized prior to attaching a sample. The platform has a thin film Pd/Au heater deposited directly on the silicon, and a semiconducting thermometer bonded to the surface. The heat capacity is determined from C=G tau, where G is the in-situ measured conductance and tau is the measured temperature decay time from a step change in applied heat. For a platform without samples, decay periods on the order of 0.3 to 0.05 seconds were measured. With samples, decay periods of several seconds are projected, allowing good resolution of the heat capacities. Several thermometers were tested in an effort to find one with the optimum characteristics for measuring platform temperatures. These included a commercial thick-film Ruthenium-oxide surface-mount resistor, a germanium NTD, and a zirconium oxy-nitride thin-film thermometer. C1 [Kotsubo, Vincent; Beall, James; Ullom, Joel] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Kotsubo, V (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 322 EP 325 DI 10.1063/1.3292344 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500072 ER PT S AU Lita, AE Calkins, B Pellochoud, LA Miller, AJ Nam, S AF Lita, A. E. Calkins, B. Pellochoud, L. A. Miller, A. J. Nam, S. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI High-Efficiency Photon-Number-Resolving Detectors based on Hafnium Transition-Edge Sensors SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE Optical superconducting transition edge sensor; Photon number resolving detector; Quantum optics AB Generation of nonclassical states of light is at the foundation of numerous quantum optics experiments and optical quantum information processing implementations. One such non-Gaussian optical quantum state can be obtained by photon subtraction from a squeezed optical state. Photon-number-resolving detectors with high efficiency and low dark counts are needed for heralding the subtraction of one, two or more photons. Transition-edge sensors (TES) optimized for high detection efficiency at 850 nm, seem to be ideal heralding detectors for such quantum optics experiments. In this work, we describe the fabrication and characterization of hafnium TESs embedded in an optical structure for optimal absorption at 850 nm. Accurate measurements of optical constants for all materials and fine control of layer thicknesses in the optical cavity should increase the detector efficiency to values higher than 95 %. C1 [Lita, A. E.; Calkins, B.; Pellochoud, L. A.; Nam, S.] NIST, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO USA. [Miller, A. J.] Albion Coll, Dept Phys, Albion, MI USA. RP Lita, AE (reprint author), NIST, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO USA. FU NIST Quantum Information Initiative FX The authors do so acknowledge the financial support of the NIST Quantum Information Initiative. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 351 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3292350 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500077 ER PT S AU Westbrook, B Ade, PAR Bender, AN Cho, HM Clarke, J Dobbs, M Ferrusca, D Halverson, NW Holzapfel, WL Johnson, BR Kennedy, J Kermish, Z Lanting, T Lee, AT Lueker, M Mehl, J Meng, X Plagge, T Reichardt, CL Richards, PL Schwan, D Shirokoff, E Spieler, H AF Westbrook, B. Ade, P. A. R. Bender, A. N. Cho, H. M. Clarke, J. Dobbs, M. Ferrusca, D. Halverson, N. W. Holzapfel, W. L. Johnson, B. R. Kennedy, J. Kermish, Z. Lanting, T. Lee, A. T. Lueker, M. Mehl, J. Meng, X. Plagge, T. Reichardt, C. L. Richards, P. L. Schwan, D. Shirokoff, E. Spieler, H. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Further Optimization of the APEX-SZ TES Bolometer Array SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE SZ Effect; Galaxy Clusters; Cosmology; Low Temperature Detectors; MicroFabriaction; APEX-SZ AB We describe the recent reoptimization of the detector array in the APEX-SZ receiver, which is currently operating at the APEX telescope in Chile. APEX-SZ is designed to image the Sunyaev Zel'dovich effect (SZE). Observations are made in a single spectral band centered on 150 GHz, which is where the decrement of the SZE peaks. The APEX-SZ transition-edge sensor bolometers are micro-fabricated in six 55-element sub arrays, which combine to form the full 330-element focal plane operating at 280 mK. We report on the newest generation of sub-arrays that use a lambda/4 silicon-filled backshort. Compared to the first generation array which used a 3 lambda/4 backshort, the new arrays have a broader bandwidth and an increased optical efficiency. We present spectral bandpass and efficiency measurements and compare these to electromagnetic simulations of the bolometer absorption. The overall improvement in optical coupling reduces the noise equivalent temperature (NET) of each bolometer by a factor of approximately 1.5. Several galaxy clusters have been observed using the new detectors and analysis of the data is currently underway. We also present plans for future upgrades to the receiver. C1 [Westbrook, B.; Cho, H. M.; Clarke, J.; Ferrusca, D.; Holzapfel, W. L.; Johnson, B. R.; Kermish, Z.; Lanting, T.; Lee, A. T.; Lueker, M.; Mehl, J.; Plagge, T.; Reichardt, C. L.; Richards, P. L.; Schwan, D.; Shirokoff, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ade, P. A. R.; Bender, A. N.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Wales CF24 3YB, England. [Cho, H. M.] Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Clarke, J.; Spieler, H.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dobbs, M.; Kennedy, J.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Halverson, N. W.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Meng, X.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Westbrook, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015; OI Reichardt, Christian/0000-0003-2226-9169 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 363 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3292353 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500080 ER PT S AU Britton, J Yoon, KW Beall, JA Becker, D Cho, HM Hilton, GC Niemack, MD Irwin, KD AF Britton, J. Yoon, K. W. Beall, J. A. Becker, D. Cho, H. M. Hilton, G. C. Niemack, M. D. Irwin, K. D. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Progress Toward Corrugated Feed Horn Arrays in Silicon SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawernce Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE millimeter wave optics; observational cosmology; MEMs AB We are developing monolithic arrays of corrugated feed horns fabricated in silicon for dual-polarization single-mode operation at 90, 145 and 220 GHz. The arrays consist of hundreds of platelet feed horns assembled from gold-coated stacks of micro-machined silicon wafers. As a first step, Au-coated Si waveguides with a circular, corrugated cross section were fabricated; their attenuation was measured to be less than 0.15 dB/cm from 80 to 110 GHz at room temperature. To ease the manufacture of horn arrays, electrolytic deposition of Au on degenerate Si without a metal seed layer was demonstrated. An apparatus for measuring the radiation pattern, optical efficiency, and spectral band-pass of prototype horns is described. Feed horn arrays made of silicon may find use in measurements of the polarization anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation. C1 [Britton, J.; Yoon, K. W.; Beall, J. A.; Becker, D.; Cho, H. M.; Hilton, G. C.; Niemack, M. D.; Irwin, K. D.] NIST, Quantum Sensors Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Britton, J (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Sensors Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. OI Britton, Joe/0000-0001-8103-7347 NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 375 EP 378 DI 10.1063/1.3292356 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500083 ER PT S AU Figueroa-Feliciano, E Adams, JS Baker, R Bandler, SR DeLaney, TA Dewey, D Doriese, WB Eckart, ME Galeazzi, M Goeke, R Hamersma, R Hilton, GC Hwang, U Irwin, KD Kelley, RL Kilbourne, CA Leman, SW McCammon, D Okajima, T Porter, FS Reintsema, CD Rutherford, JM Saab, T Serlemitsos, P Soong, Y Trowbridge, SN Wikus, P AF Figueroa-Feliciano, E. Adams, J. S. Baker, R. Bandler, S. R. DeLaney, T. A. Dewey, D. Doriese, W. B. Eckart, M. E. Galeazzi, M. Goeke, R. Hamersma, R. Hilton, G. C. Hwang, U. Irwin, K. D. Kelley, R. L. Kilbourne, C. A. Leman, S. W. McCammon, D. Okajima, T. Porter, F. S. Reintsema, C. D. Rutherford, J. M. Saab, T. Serlemitsos, P. Soong, Y. Trowbridge, S. N. Wikus, P. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI New Science Case for the Micro-X High Energy Resolution Microcalorimeter X-ray Imaging Rocket SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE SNR; Puppis A; X-ray; Instrumentation; Transition Edge Sensor; Microcalorimeter; Sounding Rocket ID PUPPIS-A; XMM-NEWTON; SPECTROSCOPY; GALAXIES AB The Micro-X sounding rocket payload will be launched on January 18, 2011 to make the first observation of an astronomical target with Transition-Edge Sensor (TES) X-ray Microcalorimeters. The 128 pixel TES array lies at the focus of a 2.165 m focal length conical imaging mirror with a 0.2-3.0 keV bandpass. The spectral resolution of the TES array will be between 2 and 4 eV at 1 keV. Our scientific program is focused on high-spectral resolution observations of extended sources. For supernova remnants (SNRs) our scientific objectives are to map the velocity structure of the ejecta, and study both elemental abundances and the thermodynamic and ionization state of the plasma through plasma line diagnostics. For clusters of galaxies, Micro-X can uniquely study turbulence, velocities, and the temperature phases of the plasma. For our initial flight, we have changed our target from the bright eastern knot to a recently discovered ejecta region in the Puppis A SNR. The target of the second flight in mid-2012 is M87, the center of the Virgo Cluster. The third flight, in early 2014, will make an observation of the Cas A SNR. In this contribution we discuss the science objectives of our first flight. C1 [Figueroa-Feliciano, E.; DeLaney, T. A.; Dewey, D.; Goeke, R.; Leman, S. W.; Rutherford, J. M.; Trowbridge, S. N.; Wikus, P.] MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Adams, J. S.; Baker, R.; Bandler, S. R.; Eckart, M. E.; Hwang, U.; Kelley, R. L.; Kilbourne, C. A.; Okajima, T.; Porter, F. S.; Serlemitsos, P.; Soong, Y.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Doriese, W. B.; Hilton, G. C.; Irwin, K. D.; Reintsema, C. D.] Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Galeazzi, M.] Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Hamersma, R.; Saab, T.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [McCammon, D.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Figueroa-Feliciano, E (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Bandler, Simon/A-6258-2010; Porter, Frederick/D-3501-2012; Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012 OI Bandler, Simon/0000-0002-5112-8106; Porter, Frederick/0000-0002-6374-1119; FU NASA [NNX07AK52G] FX This work was funded by NASA Grant NNX07AK52G. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 426 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3292368 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500093 ER PT S AU Wikus, P Doriese, WB Eckart, ME Adams, JS Bandler, SR Brekosky, RP Chervenak, JA Ewin, AJ Figueroa-Feliciano, E Finkbeiner, FM Galeazzi, M Hilton, G Irwin, KD Kelley, RL Kibourne, CA Leman, SW McCammon, D Porter, FS Reintsema, CD Rutherford, JM Trowbridge, SN AF Wikus, P. Doriese, W. B. Eckart, M. E. Adams, J. S. Bandler, S. R. Brekosky, R. P. Chervenak, J. A. Ewin, A. J. Figueroa-Feliciano, E. Finkbeiner, F. M. Galeazzi, M. Hilton, G. Irwin, K. D. Kelley, R. L. Kibourne, C. A. Leman, S. W. McCammon, D. Porter, F. S. Reintsema, C. D. Rutherford, J. M. Trowbridge, S. N. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI The Detector and Readout Systems of the Micro-X High Resolution Microcalorimeter X-Ray Imaging Rocket SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE TES; Microcalorimeter; SQUID Multiplexer; Sounding Rocket; Micro-X AB The Micro-X sounding rocket experiment will deploy an imaging transition-edge-sensor (TES) microcalorimeter spectrometer to observe astrophysical sources in the 0.2 - 3.0 keV band. The instrument has been designed at a systems level, and the first items of flight hardware are presently being built. In the first flight, planned for January 2011, the spectrometer will observe a recently discovered Silicon knot in the Puppis-A supernova remnant. Here we describe the design of the Micro-X science instrument, focusing on the instrument's detector and detector assembly. The current design of the 2-dimensional spectrometer array contains 128 close-packed pixels with a pitch of 600 gm. The conically approximated Wolter-1 mirror will map each of these pixels to a 0.95 arcmin region on the sky; the field of view will be 11.4 arcmin. Targeted energy resolution of the TESs is about 2 eV over the full observing band. A SQUID time-division multiplexer (TDM) will read out the array. The detector time constants will be engineered to approximately 2 ms to match the TDM, which samples each pixel at 32.6 kHz, limited only by the telemetry system of the rocket. The detector array and two SQUID stages of the TDM readout system are accommodated in a lightweight Mg enclosure, which is mounted to the 50 mK stage of an adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator. A third SQUID amplification stage is located on the 1.6 K liquid He stage of the cryostat. An on-board 55-Fe source will fluoresce a Ca target, providing 3.69 and 4.01 keV calibration lines that will not interfere with the scientifically interesting energy band. C1 [Wikus, P.; Figueroa-Feliciano, E.; Leman, S. W.; Rutherford, J. M.; Trowbridge, S. N.] MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Eckart, M. E.; Adams, J. S.; Bandler, S. R.; Brekosky, R. P.; Chervenak, J. A.; Ewin, A. J.; Finkbeiner, F. M.; Kelley, R. L.; Kibourne, C. A.; Porter, F. S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Doriese, W. B.; Hilton, G.; Irwin, K. D.; Reintsema, C. D.] Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Galeazzi, M.] Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [McCammon, D.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Wikus, P (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM wikus@mit.edu RI Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012; Bandler, Simon/A-6258-2010; Porter, Frederick/D-3501-2012 OI Bandler, Simon/0000-0002-5112-8106; Porter, Frederick/0000-0002-6374-1119 FU NASA [NNX07AK52G] FX This work has been conducted under NASA grant NNX07AK52G. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 434 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500095 ER PT S AU Doriese, WB Adams, JS Hilton, GC Irwin, KD Kilbourne, CA Schima, FJ Ullom, JN AF Doriese, W. B. Adams, J. S. Hilton, G. C. Irwin, K. D. Kilbourne, C. A. Schima, F. J. Ullom, J. N. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Optimal filtering, record length, and count rate in transition-edge-sensor microcalorimeters SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE count rate; International X-ray Observatory; microcalorimeter; optimal filter; spectrometer; transition-edge sensor AB In typical algorithms for optimally filtering transition-edge-sensor-microcalorimeter pulses, the average value of a filtered pulse is set to zero. The achieved energy resolution of the detector then depends strongly on the chosen length of the pulse record. We report experimental confirmation of this effect. We derive expressions for the dependence of energy resolution on record length, and apply them to a pair of detector models for the X-ray Microcalorimeter Spectrometer instrument on NASA/ESA/JAXA's proposed International X-ray Observatory. Although the two models have identical pulse time-constants, they differ by a factor of two in the record length required to achieve a given energy resolution. Finally, we derive an expression for the maximum output count rate at high energy resolution of a TES pixel. C1 [Doriese, W. B.; Hilton, G. C.; Irwin, K. D.; Schima, F. J.; Ullom, J. N.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Adams, J. S.; Kilbourne, C. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Doriese, WB (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 450 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3292375 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500099 ER PT S AU Orlando, A Aikin, RW Amiri, M Bock, JJ Bonetti, JA Brevik, JA Burger, B Day, PK Filippini, JP Golwala, SR Halpern, M Hasselfield, M Hilton, G Irwin, K Jones, WC Kenyon, M Kuo, CL Lange, AE Leduc, HG Mates, B Morford, T Nguyen, HT Ogburn, RW Reintsema, C Runyan, M Sudiwala, R Trangsrud, A Turner, AD Wilson, P AF Orlando, A. Aikin, R. W. Amiri, M. Bock, J. J. Bonetti, J. A. Brevik, J. A. Burger, B. Day, P. K. Filippini, J. P. Golwala, S. R. Halpern, M. Hasselfield, M. Hilton, G. Irwin, K. Jones, W. C. Kenyon, M. Kuo, C. L. Lange, A. E. LeDuc, H. G. Mates, B. Morford, T. Nguyen, H. T. Ogburn, R. W. Reintsema, C. Runyan, M. Sudiwala, R. Trangsrud, A. Turner, A. D. Wilson, P. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Antenna-coupled TES Arrays For The BICEP2/Keck and SPIDER polarimeters SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE Cosmic Microwave Background; polarization; TES bolometers; arrays AB The upcoming Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) experiments BICEP2/Keck and SPIDER will be using planar arrays of polarization sensitive antenna-coupled TES bolometers, operating at frequencies between 960Hz and 220 GHz. At 145 GHz each array consists of 64 polarimeters (128 TES sensors) and four of these arrays are assembled together to make a focal plane. The detector arrays are integrated with a time-domain SQUID multiplexer developed at NIST and read out using the Multi-Channel Electronics (MCE) developed at the University of British Columbia. We present our progress in characterizing focal plane arrays and SQUID multiplexed readout for BICEP2 and SPIDER, describing testing procedures and giving a summary of dark measurements results, as well as preliminary optical measurements. C1 [Orlando, A.; Aikin, R. W.; Bock, J. J.; Brevik, J. A.; Filippini, J. P.; Golwala, S. R.; Lange, A. E.; Morford, T.; Ogburn, R. W.; Runyan, M.; Sudiwala, R.; Trangsrud, A.] CALTECH, Dept Phys, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bock, J. J.; Bonetti, J. A.; Day, P. K.; Kenyon, M.; LeDuc, H. G.; Nguyen, H. T.; Turner, A. D.; Wilson, P.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Amiri, M.; Burger, B.; Halpern, M.; Hasselfield, M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T IZL, Canada. [Hilton, G.; Irwin, K.; Mates, B.; Reintsema, C.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Jones, W. C.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Kuo, C. L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Orlando, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Phys, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. OI Orlando, Angiola/0000-0001-8004-5054 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; JPL Research and Technology Development Fund FX We would like to thank the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the JPL Research and Technology Development Fund and the W. M. Keck Foundation. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 471 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3292380 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500104 ER PT S AU Bleem, LE Appel, JW Austermann, JE Beall, JA Becker, DT Benson, BA Britton, J Carlstrom, JE Chang, CL Cho, HM Crites, AT Essinger-Hileman, T Everett, W Halverson, NW Henning, JW Hilton, GC Irwin, KD McMahon, J Mehl, J Meyer, SS Niemack, MD Parker, LP Simon, SM Staggs, ST Visnjic, C Yoon, KW Zhao, Y AF Bleem, L. E. Appel, J. W. Austermann, J. E. Beall, J. A. Becker, D. T. Benson, B. A. Britton, J. Carlstrom, J. E. Chang, C. L. Cho, H. M. Crites, A. T. Essinger-Hileman, T. Everett, W. Halverson, N. W. Henning, J. W. Hilton, G. C. Irwin, K. D. McMahon, J. Mehl, J. Meyer, S. S. Niemack, M. D. Parker, L. P. Simon, S. M. Staggs, S. T. Visnjic, C. Yoon, K. W. Zhao, Y. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Optical properties of Feedhorn-coupled TES polarimeters for CMB polarimetry SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE cosmology; cmb; polarimeter AB We present data characterizing the optical properties of feedhom-coupled TES polarimeters useful for future CMB measurements. In this detector architecture, TES bolometers are coupled to radiation through superconducting microstrip to a planar ortho-mode transducer inserted into waveguide. Filters in the microstrip define the pass bands for the detectors. We will present measurements of the co-polar optical efficiency, the cross-polar isolation and the detector bandpass and compare these results to expectations from simulations. C1 [Bleem, L. E.; Benson, B. A.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; Crites, A. T.; Everett, W.; McMahon, J.; Mehl, J.; Meyer, S. S.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Appel, J. W.; Essinger-Hileman, T.; Parker, L. P.; Staggs, S. T.; Visnjic, C.; Zhao, Y.] Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Austermann, J. E.; Halverson, N. W.; Henning, J. W.; Simon, S. M.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Austermann, J. E.; Halverson, N. W.; Henning, J. W.; Simon, S. M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Beall, J. A.; Becker, D. T.; Britton, J.; Cho, H. M.; Hilton, G. C.; Irwin, K. D.; Niemack, M. D.; Yoon, K. W.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bleem, LE (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. OI Britton, Joe/0000-0001-8103-7347 FU Princeton University; National Science Foundation [PHY-0355328, PHY- 085587] FX The work at Princeton University is supported by Princeton University and the National Science Foundation through grants PHY-0355328 and PHY- 085587. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 479 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3292382 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500106 ER PT S AU McMahon, J Appel, JW Austermann, JE Beall, JA Becker, D Benson, BA Bleem, LE Britton, J Chang, CL Carlstrom, JE Cho, HM Crites, AT Essinger-Hileman, T Everett, W Halverson, NW Henning, JW Hilton, GC Irwin, KD Mehl, J Meyer, SS Mossley, S Niemack, MD Parker, LP Simon, SM Staggs, ST Visnjic, C Wollack, E U-Yen, K Yoon, KW Zhao, Y AF McMahon, J. Appel, J. W. Austermann, J. E. Beall, J. A. Becker, D. Benson, B. A. Bleem, L. E. Britton, J. Chang, C. L. Carlstrom, J. E. Cho, H. M. Crites, A. T. Essinger-Hileman, T. Everett, W. Halverson, N. W. Henning, J. W. Hilton, G. C. Irwin, K. D. Mehl, J. Meyer, S. S. Mossley, S. Niemack, M. D. Parker, L. P. Simon, S. M. Staggs, S. T. Visnjic, C. Wollack, E. U-Yen, K. Yoon, K. W. Zhao, Y. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Planar Orthomode Transducers for Feedhorn-coupled TES Polarimeters SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE Polarimetry; TES bolometers; cosmic microwave background AB We present simulations and discuss measurements of a planar orthomode transducer (OMT) being developed for use with bolometric detectors in observations of the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). This OMT couples radiation from a circular waveguide onto microstrip where it is filtered and then detected. A corrugated feed horn defines the optical beam. Simulations suggest this OMT achieves a coupling efficiency of greater than 96% with cross-polarization below 1% over 30% bandwidth. C1 [McMahon, J.; Benson, B. A.; Bleem, L. E.; Chang, C. L.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Crites, A. T.; Everett, W.; Mehl, J.; Meyer, S. S.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, 450 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Appel, J. W.; Essinger-Hileman, T.; Parker, L. P.; Staggs, S. T.; Visnjic, C.; Zhao, Y.] Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Austermann, J. E.; Halverson, N. W.; Henning, J. W.; Simon, S. M.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Austermann, J. E.; Halverson, N. W.; Henning, J. W.; Simon, S. M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Beall, J. A.; Becker, D.; Britton, J.; Cho, H. M.; Hilton, G. C.; Irwin, K. D.; Niemack, M. D.; Yoon, K. W.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Mossley, S.; Wollack, E.; U-Yen, K.] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP McMahon, J (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, 450 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012; OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451; Britton, Joe/0000-0001-8103-7347 FU NIST Innovations in Measurement Science program; University of Colorado is supported by the National Science Foundation [AST- 0705302]; Princeton University; National Science Foundation [PHY-0355328, PHY-085587] FX Work at NIST is supported by the NIST Innovations in Measurement Science program. Work at the University of Colorado is supported by the National Science Foundation through grant AST- 0705302. Work at Princeton University is supported by Princeton University and the National Science Foundation through grants PHY-0355328 and PHY-085587. NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 490 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3292386 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500109 ER PT S AU Essinger-Hileman, T Appel, JW Beall, JA Cho, HM Fowler, J Halpern, M Hasselfield, M Irwin, KD Marriage, TA Niemack, MD Page, L Parker, LP Pufu, S Staggs, ST Stryzak, O Visnjic, C Yoon, KW Zhao, Y AF Essinger-Hileman, T. Appel, J. W. Beall, J. A. Cho, H. M. Fowler, J. Halpern, M. Hasselfield, M. Irwin, K. D. Marriage, T. A. Niemack, M. D. Page, L. Parker, L. P. Pufu, S. Staggs, S. T. Stryzak, O. Visnjic, C. Yoon, K. W. Zhao, Y. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI The Atacama B-Mode Search: CMB Polarimetry with Transition-Edge-Sensor Bolometers SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE Polarimetry; transition-edge sensors; bolometers; cosmic microwave background; cosmology ID GRAVITY-WAVES; POLARIZATION; PROBE AB The Atacama B-mode Search (ABS) experiment is a 145 GHz polarimeter designed to measure the B-mode polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) at large angular scales. The ABS instrument will ship to the Atacama Desert of Chile fully tested and ready to observe in 2010. ABS will image large-angular-scale CMB polarization anisotropies onto a focal plane of 240 feedhorn-coupled, transition-edge sensor (TES) polarimeters, using a cryogenic crossed-Dragone design. The ABS detectors, which are fabricated at NIST, use orthomode transducers to couple orthogonal polarizations of incoming radiation onto separate TES bolometers. The incoming radiation is modulated by an ambient-temperature half-wave plate in front of the vacuum window at an aperture stop. Preliminary detector characterization indicates that the ABS detectors can achieve a sensitivity of 300 mu K root s in the field. This paper describes the ABS optical design and detector readout scheme, including feedhorn design and performance, magnetic shielding, focal plane architecture, and cryogenic electronics. C1 [Essinger-Hileman, T.; Appel, J. W.; Fowler, J.; Page, L.; Parker, L. P.; Pufu, S.; Staggs, S. T.; Stryzak, O.; Visnjic, C.; Zhao, Y.] Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs Phys, Jadwin Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Beall, J. A.; Cho, H. M.; Irwin, K. D.; Niemack, M. D.; Yoon, K. W.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Halpern, M.; Hasselfield, M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T IZI, Canada. [Marriage, T. A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Essinger-Hileman, T (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs Phys, Jadwin Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. FU NSF [PHY-0355328, PHY-085587]; NASA [NNX08AE03G]; National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) FX Work at Princeton University is supported by the NSF through awards PHY-0355328 and PHY-085587 and NASA through award NNX08AE03G. T. Essinger-Hileman was supported by a National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship. NR 13 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 494 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3292387 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500110 ER PT S AU Austermann, JE Niemack, MD Appel, JW Beall, JA Becker, D Bennett, DA Benson, BA Bleem, LE Britton, J Carlstrom, JE Chang, CL Cho, HM Crites, AT Essinger-Hileman, T Everett, W Halverson, NW Henning, JW Hilton, GC Irwin, KD McMahon, J Mehl, J Meyer, SS Parker, LP Simon, SM Staggs, ST Ullom, JN Visnjic, C Yoon, KW Zhao, Y AF Austermann, J. E. Niemack, M. D. Appel, J. W. Beall, J. A. Becker, D. Bennett, D. A. Benson, B. A. Bleem, L. E. Britton, J. Carlstrom, J. E. Chang, C. L. Cho, H. M. Crites, A. T. Essinger-Hileman, T. Everett, W. Halverson, N. W. Henning, J. W. Hilton, G. C. Irwin, K. D. McMahon, J. Mehl, J. Meyer, S. S. Parker, L. P. Simon, S. M. Staggs, S. T. Ullom, J. N. Visnjic, C. Yoon, K. W. Zhao, Y. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Measurements of Bolometer Uniformity for Feedhorn Coupled TES Polarimeters SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE TES; bolometer; polarimeter; detector array; cosmology AB We are developing feedhorn-coupled TES polarimeters to measure the polarization anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation. These devices will be deployed in arrays of hundreds to thousands and will be measured using multiplexed SQUID readout electronics. Since multiplexed devices share common circuitry, a high degree of uniformity is required in the electrothermal properties of the TES bolometers and readout circuits in order to operate all channels simultaneously with high sensitivity. Our cryogenic test bed can probe dozens of devices simultaneously, thus providing useful detector statistics on relatively short time scales. We describe the TES bolometer design and present dark (no optical loading) measurements of the electrical and thermal properties and uniformity of prototype bolometers across two 3-inch diameter production wafers, including (standard deviation in parenthesis): TES transition temperature (similar to 1%), normal resistance (similar to 10%), thermal conductance (less than or similar to 10%), time constant (similar to 20%), shunt resistance (less than or similar to 5%), and noise properties. C1 [Austermann, J. E.; Halverson, N. W.; Henning, J. W.; Simon, S. M.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Austermann, J. E.; Halverson, N. W.; Henning, J. W.; Simon, S. M.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Niemack, M. D.; Beall, J. A.; Becker, D.; Bennett, D. A.; Britton, J.; Cho, H. M.; Hilton, G. C.; Irwin, K. D.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Appel, J. W.; Essinger-Hileman, T.; Parker, L. P.; Staggs, S. T.; Visnjic, C.; Zhao, Y.] Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Benson, B. A.; Bleem, L. E.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; Crites, A. T.; Everett, W.; McMahon, J.; Mehl, J.; Meyer, S. S.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Austermann, JE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Bennett, Douglas/B-8001-2012; OI Bennett, Douglas/0000-0003-3011-3690; Britton, Joe/0000-0001-8103-7347 NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 498 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3292388 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500111 ER PT S AU McMahon, JJ Aird, KA Benson, BA Bleem, LE Britton, J Carlstrom, JE Chang, CL Cho, HS de Haan, T Crawford, TM Crites, AT Datesman, A Dobbs, MA Everettt, W Halverson, NW Holder, GP Holzapfel, WL Hrubes, D Irwin, KD Joy, M Keisler, R Lanting, TM Lee, AT Leitch, EM Loehr, A Lueker, M Mehl, J Meyer, SS Mohr, JJ Montroy, TE Niemack, MD Ngeow, CC Novosad, V Padin, S Plagge, T Pryke, C Reichardt, C Ruhl, JE Schaffer, KK Shaw, L Shirokoff, E Spieler, HG Stadler, B Stark, AA Staniszewski, Z Vanderlinde, K Vieira, JD Wang, G Williamson, R Yefremenko, V Yoon, KW Zhan, O Zenteno, A AF McMahon, J. J. Aird, K. A. Benson, B. A. Bleem, L. E. Britton, J. Carlstrom, J. E. Chang, C. L. Cho, H. S. de Haan, T. Crawford, T. M. Crites, A. T. Datesman, A. Dobbs, M. A. Everettt, W. Halverson, N. W. Holder, G. P. Holzapfel, W. L. Hrubes, D. Irwin, K. D. Joy, M. Keisler, R. Lanting, T. M. Lee, A. T. Leitch, E. M. Loehr, A. Lueker, M. Mehl, J. Meyer, S. S. Mohr, J. J. Montroy, T. E. Niemack, M. D. Ngeow, C. C. Novosad, V. Padin, S. Plagge, T. Pryke, C. Reichardt, C. Ruhl, J. E. Schaffer, K. K. Shaw, L. Shirokoff, E. Spieler, H. G. Stadler, B. Stark, A. A. Staniszewski, Z. Vanderlinde, K. Vieira, J. D. Wang, G. Williamson, R. Yefremenko, V. Yoon, K. W. Zhan, O. Zenteno, A. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI SPTpol: an instrument for CMB polarization SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE Polarimetry; transition-edge sensors; bolometers; cosmic microwave background; cosmology ID POWER SPECTRA; 2003 FLIGHT; MICROWAVE; BOOMERANG AB SPTpol will consist of an 850 element polarization sensitive bolometric camera deployed to the South Pole Telescope in late 2011. This camera is optimized for measurement of the polarization of the cosmic microwave background with arcminute resolution. These measurements will be used to constrain neutrino masses and to constrain the amplitude of gravitational waves from inflation. The camera includes two detector architectures that observe in two different frequency bands. At 150 GHz, SPTpol will use 650 feedhorn-coupled TES polarimeters fabricated at NIST. At 90 GHz, it will use 200 absorber-coupled polarimeters developed at Argonne National Lab. The NIST pixels will be coupled to the telescope using a monolithic array of corrugated feeds and the Argonne devices will be coupled with individually machined contoured feeds. The entire focal plane will be readout using a digital frequency-domain multiplexer system. We provide an overview of the project, describe the detectors and discuss the design of this system. C1 [McMahon, J. J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, 450 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Aird, K. A.; Bleem, L. E.; Everettt, W.; Hrubes, D.; Keisler, R.; Vieira, J. D.; Williamson, R.] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Benson, B. A.; Bleem, L. E.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; Crawford, T. M.; Crites, A. T.; Keisler, R.; Leitch, E. M.; Mehl, J.; Meyer, S. S.; Pryke, C.; Schaffer, K. K.; Vieira, J. D.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Benson, B. A.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; Mehl, J.; Meyer, S. S.; Pryke, C.; Schaffer, K. K.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Britton, J.; Cho, H. S.; Irwin, K. D.; Niemack, M. D.; Yoon, K. W.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Crawford, T. M.; Crites, A. T.; Leitch, E. M.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [de Haan, T.; Dobbs, M. A.; Holder, G. P.; Lanting, T. M.; Shaw, L.; Vanderlinde, K.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Datesman, A.; Novosad, V.; Wang, G.; Yefremenko, V.] Argonne Natl Lab, MSD, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Halverson, N. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Halverson, N. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Holzapfel, W. L.; Lee, A. T.; Lueker, M.; Plagge, T.; Reichardt, C.; Shirokoff, E.; Zhan, O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Joy, M.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Dept Space Sci, VP62, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Loehr, A.; Stadler, B.; Stark, A. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Mohr, J. J.; Ngeow, C. C.; Zenteno, A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Mohr, J. J.; Ngeow, C. C.; Zenteno, A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Montroy, T. E.; Ruhl, J. E.; Staniszewski, Z.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Spieler, H. G.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McMahon, JJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, 450 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Novosad, Valentyn/C-2018-2014; Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015; Novosad, V /J-4843-2015; OI Britton, Joe/0000-0001-8103-7347; Aird, Kenneth/0000-0003-1441-9518; Reichardt, Christian/0000-0003-2226-9169 NR 24 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 511 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500114 ER PT S AU O'Neil, GC Lowell, P Ullom, J AF O'Neil, Galen C. Lowell, Peter Ullom, Joel BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Prototype Thermal Design for a 256 Pixel Transition Edge Sensor Bolometer Array with Additional on-chip Cooling SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawernce Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE Millimeter receiver; TES bolometer; Green Bank Telescope; Microrefrigerator; Normal-insulator-superconductor tunnel junction ID TUNNEL-JUNCTION; REFRIGERATORS AB Normal-metal/insulator/superconductor (NIS) tunnel junctions can be integrated with transition edge sensor (TES) bolometers to provide additional cooling to the sensor. For example, a TES array cooled to 300 mK by a (3)He refrigerator could be enhanced with additional on-chip NIS cooling to decrease the effective bath temperature of each TES to 100 mK. The noise of the array with on-chip cooling would be similar to 40% lower than that of a similar array without on-chip cooling. Additionally, the lower bath temperature allows a more physically robust design with the same saturation power per pixel. However, on-chip NIS cooling does not come for free. While the NIS coolers reduce the bath temperature seen by each pixel, they also dissipate about 100 times as much power as the pixel alone and increase the fabrication complexity. We describe a potential thermal design of a 256 pixel TES bolometer array with on-chip cooling. We show that such an array is feasible despite the increase in power dissipation. C1 [O'Neil, Galen C.; Lowell, Peter; Ullom, Joel] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP O'Neil, GC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 673 EP 676 DI 10.1063/1.3292431 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500150 ER PT S AU Hoteling, N Bacrania, MK Hoover, AS Rabin, MW Croce, M Karpius, PJ Ullom, JN Bennett, DA Horansky, RD Vale, LR Doriese, WB AF Hoteling, N. Bacrania, M. K. Hoover, A. S. Rabin, M. W. Croce, M. Karpius, P. J. Ullom, J. N. Bennett, D. A. Horansky, R. D. Vale, L. R. Doriese, W. B. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Issues in energy calibration, nonlinearity, and signal processing for gamma-ray microcalorimeter detectors SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE microcalorimeter; energy calibration; optimal filter ID NONSTATIONARY NOISE AB Issues regarding the energy calibration of high dynamic range microcalorimeter detector arrays are presented with respect to new results from a minor actinide-mixed oxide radioactive source. The need to move to larger arrays of such detectors necessitates the implementation of automated analysis procedures, which turn out to be nontrivial due to complex calibration shapes and pixel-to-pixel variability. Some possible avenues for improvement, including a more physics-based calibration procedure, are suggested. C1 [Hoteling, N.; Bacrania, M. K.; Hoover, A. S.; Rabin, M. W.; Croce, M.; Karpius, P. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Ullom, J. N.; Bennett, D. A.; Horansky, R. D.; Vale, L. R.; Doriese, W. B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Hoteling, N (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Bennett, Douglas/B-8001-2012 OI Bennett, Douglas/0000-0003-3011-3690 FU Department of Energy, Office of Nonproliferation and Development [DOE/NNSA/NA-22] FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of the Department of Energy, Office of Nonproliferation and Development (DOE/NNSA/NA-22). NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 711 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3292440 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500159 ER PT S AU Horansky, RD Beall, JA Irwin, KD Ullom, JN AF Horansky, Robert D. Beall, James A. Irwin, Kent D. Ullom, Joel N. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Anomalous Thermal Behavior in Microcalorimeter Gamma-Ray Detectors SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawernce Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE Microcalorimeter; absorber; gamma-ray spectroscopy ID TRANSITION-EDGE SENSORS; X-RAY; RESOLUTION; CALORIMETERS AB Improving the resolution of gamma-ray detectors is important for many fields, including determinations of the Lamb shift in atoms with high atomic numbers, nuclear treaty verification, and environmental monitoring. High-purity germanium detectors are currently the tool of choice for precision gamma-ray spectroscopy. The resolution of these detectors is limited to about 500 eV full-width-at-half-maximum at 100 keV by Fano statistics. In comparison, low-temperature microcalorimeters can provide over an order of magnitude improvement in photon resolution. For instance, a gamma-ray microcalorimeter has achieved 25 eV FWHM resolution at 103 keV. These calorimeters consist of two components, a bulk absorber to stop incident gamma rays and a thermometer made from a thin film electrically biased in the superconducting-to-normal phase transition, called a Transition Edge Sensor, or TES. The standard absorber is bulk, superconducting tin. While tin has historically been the best performing absorber, pulse decays in Sn devices are much slower than predicted. We have begun a systematic study of absorber behavior in order to assess and improve response times. This study leverages two capabilities: the ability to microfabricate highly uniform arrays of gamma-ray detectors and the ability to read out many detectors in a single cool-down using SQUID multiplexer circuits. Here, we present two experiments to identify the source of thermal time constants. The first involves varying properties of the Sn absorber including purity, vendor, and crystal grain size. The second examines the role of the other elements in the microcalorimeter assembly. C1 [Horansky, Robert D.; Beall, James A.; Irwin, Kent D.; Ullom, Joel N.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Horansky, RD (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. OI Irwin, Kent/0000-0002-2998-9743 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 733 EP 736 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500163 ER PT S AU Bennett, DA Horansky, RD Ullom, JN AF Bennett, Douglas A. Horansky, Robert D. Ullom, Joel N. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Two-Body Models for Analyzing Complex Impedance SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawernce Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE Microcalorimeters; Transition Edge Sensors; Impedance ID MICROCALORIMETER AB Complex impedance is an important and widely used technique for characterizing microbolometers and microcalorimeters. Often, complex impedance data from actual devices does not fit the simple one-body model of a TES microcalorimeter. In this paper we will review the range of possible two-body impedance models and compare them to our most recent measurements of microcalorimeters designed for gamma-ray spectroscopy. When possible, we indicate differences between models that may be used to identify the model that best describes a particular device. C1 [Bennett, Douglas A.; Horansky, Robert D.; Ullom, Joel N.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bennett, DA (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Bennett, Douglas/B-8001-2012 OI Bennett, Douglas/0000-0003-3011-3690 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 737 EP 740 DI 10.1063/1.3292447 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500164 ER PT S AU Croce, MP Bacrania, MK Hoover, AS Rabin, MW Hoteling, NJ LaMont, SP Plionis, AA Dry, DE Ullom, JN Bennett, DA Horansky, RD Kotsubo, V Cantor, R AF Croce, M. P. Bacrania, M. K. Hoover, A. S. Rabin, M. W. Hoteling, N. J. LaMont, S. P. Plionis, A. A. Dry, D. E. Ullom, J. N. Bennett, D. A. Horansky, R. D. Kotsubo, V. Cantor, R. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI Cryogenic Microcalorimeter System for Ultra-High Resolution Alpha-Particle Spectrometry SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE microcalorimeter; alpha particle; transition-edge sensor AB Microcalorimeters have been shown to yield unsurpassed energy resolution for alpha spectrometry, up to 1.06 keV FWHM at 5.3 MeV. These detectors use a superconducting transition-edge sensor (TES) to measure the temperature change in an absorber from energy deposited by an interacting alpha particle. Our system has four independent detectors mounted inside a liquid nitrogen/liquid helium cryostat. An adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (ADR) cools the detector stage to its operating temperature of 80 mK. Temperature regulation with similar to 15-mu K peak-to-peak variation is achieved by PID control of the ADR. The detectors are voltage-biased, and the current signal is amplified by a commercial SQUID readout system and digitized for further analysis. This paper will discuss design and operation of our microcalorimeter alpha-particle spectrometer, and will show recent results. C1 [Croce, M. P.; Bacrania, M. K.; Hoover, A. S.; Rabin, M. W.; Hoteling, N. J.; LaMont, S. P.; Plionis, A. A.; Dry, D. E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Ullom, J. N.; Bennett, D. A.; Horansky, R. D.; Kotsubo, V.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Cantor, R.] Star Cryoelect, Santa Fe, NM USA. RP Croce, MP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Bennett, Douglas/B-8001-2012 OI Bennett, Douglas/0000-0003-3011-3690 FU Department of Energy, Office of Nonproliferation Research and Development [DOE/NNSA/NA-22]; Department of Homeland Security Domestic Nuclear Detection Office [DHS/DNDO] FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of the Department of Energy, Office of Nonproliferation Research and Development (DOE/NNSA/NA-22) and the Department of Homeland Security Domestic Nuclear Detection Office (DHS/DNDO). NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 741 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3292448 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500165 ER PT J AU Porcar, L Liu, Y Hong, KL Butler, PD Huang, EW Chen, WR AF Porcar, Lionel Liu, Yun Hong, Kunlun Butler, Paul D. Huang, E-Wen Chen, Wei-Ren TI Counterion Association and Structural Conformation Change of Charged PAMAM Dendrimer in Aqueous Solutions Revealed by Small Angle Neutron Scattering SO MACROMOLECULAR SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd World Polymer Congress CY JUN 29-JUL 04, 2008 CL Taipei, TAIWAN SP Int Union Pure & Appl Chem, Polymer Soc DE counterion; ornstein-zernike equation; polyamidoamine dendrimers; small angle neutron scattering AB Our previous study of the structure change of poly(amidoamine) starburst dendrimers (PAMAM) dendrimer of generation 5 (G5) have demonstrated that although the overall molecular size is practically unaffected by increasing DCl concentration, a configurational transformation, from a diffusive density profile to a more uniform density distribution, is clearly observed. in the current paper, the focus is placed on understanding the effect of counterion identity on the intermolecular structure and the conformational properties by studying the effect due to DBr using small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and integral equation theory. While the overall molecular size is found to be essentially unaffected by the change in the pD of solutions, it is surprising that the intra-molecular configurational transformation is not observed when DBr is used. The overall effective charge of a dendrimer is nearly the same for alpha < 1, independent of the type of acids. However, when alpha > 1, the effect of counterion identity becomes significant, the effective charge carried by a charged G5 PAPAM protonated by DBr becomes smaller than that of solutions with DCl. As a consequence, a counterion identity dependence of counterion association is revealed: Under the same level of molecular protonation, the specific counterion association, which is defined as the ratio of bound chloride anions to positively charged amines per molecule, is larger for the G5 PAMAM dendrimer charged by DBr than the one by DCl. C1 [Chen, Wei-Ren] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Porcar, Lionel] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Liu, Yun] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Yun; Butler, Paul D.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hong, Kunlun] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Huang, E-Wen] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Chen, WR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM chenw@ornl.gov RI Liu, Yun/A-2478-2010; Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011; Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Huang, E-Wen/A-5717-2015; Hong, Kunlun/E-9787-2015 OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Huang, E-Wen/0000-0003-4986-0661; Hong, Kunlun/0000-0002-2852-5111 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1360 J9 MACROMOL SYMP JI Macromol. Symp. PY 2009 VL 279 BP 65 EP 71 DI 10.1002/masy.200950511 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 463XM UT WOS:000267467400013 ER PT J AU Vecchione, M Allcock, L Piatkowski, U Strugnell, J AF Vecchione, Michael Allcock, Louise Piatkowski, Uwe Strugnell, Jan TI BENTHOCTOPUS RIGBYAE, N. SP., A NEW SPECIES OF CEPHALOPOD (OCTOPODA; INCIRRATA) FROM NEAR THE ANTARCTIC PENINSULA SO MALACOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE deep-sea; Southern Ocean; Octopodidae; Antarctica ID SOUTHERN-OCEAN; ATLANTIC; SEA; DNA AB Among the many octopods collected during recent Antarctic trawling surveys were 93 specimens of an undescribed octopod with biserial suckers. Although most similar in appearance to the sub-Antarctic Benthoctopus levis (Hoyle 1885), these octopods differed in several morphological characters, including arm length, web depth, and details of the hectocotylus. Furthermore, molecular evidence supports the separation of the present material from known species. We therefore describe a new species named Benthoctopus rigbyae. These octopods attain mantle lengths of at least 105 mm (400 mm total length), and they are common at depths of 250-600 m throughout the South Shetland Island chain off the Antarctic Peninsula. We present some information on the biology of this species. C1 [Vecchione, Michael] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Allcock, Louise; Strugnell, Jan] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Biol Sci, Belfast BT9 7BL, Antrim, North Ireland. [Piatkowski, Uwe] Univ Kiel, Inst Marine Res, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. [Strugnell, Jan] British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Allcock, Louise] Natl Univ Ireland, Martin Ryan Inst Marine Sci, Galway, Ireland. RP Vecchione, M (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM vecchiom@si.edu RI Strugnell, Jan/B-1698-2010; Piatkowski, Uwe/G-4161-2011; Allcock, Louise/A-7359-2012; OI Piatkowski, Uwe/0000-0003-1558-5817; Allcock, Louise/0000-0002-4806-0040; Strugnell, Jan/0000-0003-2994-637X FU Natural Environment Research Council Antarctic Funding Initiative grant [NE/C506321/1] FX We thank the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), the Captain and crew of R/V Polarstern, and Karl-Hermann Kock for facilitating our field work. Silke Steimer, Martin Hevia Werkmeister, Markus Seemen, lain Barratt, and Elaina Jorgensen all assisted with the field work. Elaina also provided the photograph of the live octopod. Kirrily Moore provided the Benthoctopus levis and Yves Cherel gave us the beak from B. thielei. JS was supported by a Natural Environment Research Council Antarctic Funding Initiative grant (NE/C506321/1) awarded to LA. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU INST MALACOL PI ANN ARBOR PA 2415 SOUTH CIRCLE DR, ANN ARBOR, MI 48103 USA SN 0076-2997 J9 MALACOLOGIA JI Malacologia PY 2009 VL 51 IS 1 BP 13 EP 28 DI 10.4002/040.051.0102 PG 16 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 422HL UT WOS:000264418200002 ER PT J AU Taylor, JC Mitchell, WA Buckel, JA Walsh, HJ Shertzer, KW Martin, GB Hare, JA AF Taylor, J. Christopher Mitchell, Warren A. Buckel, Jeffrey A. Walsh, Harvey J. Shertzer, Kyle W. Martin, Gretchen Bath Hare, Jonathan A. TI Relationships between Larval and Juvenile Abundance of Winter-Spawned Fishes in North Carolina, USA SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB We analyzed the relationships between the larval and juvenile abundances of selected estuarine-dependent fishes that spawn during the winter in continental shelf waters of the U. S. Atlantic coast. Six species were included in the analysis based on their ecological and economic importance and relative abundance in available surveys: spot Leiostomus xanthurus, pinfish Lagodon rhomboides, southern flounder Paralichthys lethostigma, summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus, Atlantic croaker Micropogonias undulatus, and Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus. Cross-correlation analysis was used to examine the relationships between the larval and juvenile abundances within species. Tests of synchrony across species were used to find similarities in recruitment dynamics for species with similar winter shelf-spawning life-history strategies. Positive correlations were found between the larval and juvenile abundances for three of the six selected species (spot, pinfish, and southern flounder). These three species have similar geographic ranges that primarily lie south of Cape Hatteras. There were no significant correlations between the larval and juvenile abundances for the other three species (summer flounder, Atlantic croaker, and Atlantic menhaden); we suggest several factors that could account for the lack of a relationship. Synchrony was found among the three southern species within both the larval and juvenile abundance time series. These results provide support for using larval ingress measures as indices of abundance for these and other species with similar geographic ranges and winter shelf-spawning life-history strategies. C1 [Taylor, J. Christopher; Mitchell, Warren A.; Buckel, Jeffrey A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Morehead City, NC USA. [Walsh, Harvey J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Shertzer, Kyle W.; Martin, Gretchen Bath] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Hare, Jonathan A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI USA. RP Taylor, JC (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC USA. EM chris.taylor@noaa.gov FU NOAA Fisheries and the Environment [EA133F-06-SE-4563]; NC Sea Marine Fisheries Fellowship [E/GS-6] FX We thank all who have assisted in ensuring the continuity of the ichthyoplankton sampling program at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Beaufort Laboratory, particularly S. Warlen, D. Hoss, W. Hettler, D. Fuss, and M. Greene. We also thank those who assisted with sorting and identification of the larvae as well as the Plankton and Identification Sorting Center in Szczecin, Poland (www.sfi.gdynia.pl/inst/szczecin.php). Juvenile abundance data were provided by R. Monaghan, T. Moore, and K. West, North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries. We appreciate the insightful comments on earlier drafts of this article, from E. Williams, D. Arenholz, D. Packer, and B. Phelan. Financial support for this project was provided by NOAA Fisheries and the Environment (EA133F-06-SE-4563) and NC Sea Grant (E/GS-6) Marine Fisheries Fellowship Program. This article honors the memory of J. Patrick Monaghan, who passed away during the preparation of the initial data for this work and whose insight and guidance helped establish this interinstitutional effort. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 12 EP 21 DI 10.1577/C08-015.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA V20PV UT WOS:000208152800002 ER PT J AU Love, JW Chase, PD AF Love, Joseph W. Chase, Peter D. TI Geometric Morphological Differences Distinguish Populations of Scup in the Northwestern Atlantic Ocean SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB Scup Stenotomus chrysops, a commercially important marine species, are distributed from Nova Scotia to south Florida, and may represent morphologically distinct populations across their range. It was determined whether there were morphological differences between a North Atlantic Bight (NAB) population (41 degrees N) and two South Atlantic Bight (SAB) populations (30 degrees N and 32 degrees N) of this species from April 2005 to July 2005, when the populations had formed spawning groups. Morphology was compared among populations by means of a geometric, landmark-based analysis of morphological and meristic traits for 180 individuals that were sexed and staged to maturity. A backward, stepwise discriminant functions analysis (DFA) produced a model that generated DFA scores that differed significantly between the NAB and SAB populations. Forehead and body depth dimensions differed among populations but not sexes. The DFA model predicted similar scores for 32 new NAB individuals and 31 new SAB individuals; however, scores were consistently underpredicted for the NAB individuals and overpredicted for the SAB individuals. We concluded that distinct northern and southern populations support a two-stock or two-species hypothesis; however, it is unclear whether this stock structure is related to reproductive or other life history traits. Either phenotypic plasticity or divergent selection may explain the morphological dissimilarities among these populations, but their influence on individual fitness remains unknown. C1 [Love, Joseph W.] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Dept Nat Sci, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. [Chase, Peter D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Ecosyst Survey Branch, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Love, JW (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Dept Nat Sci, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. EM jlove@umes.edu FU The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Living Marine Resources Cooperative Science Center [NA06OAR4810163] FX We thank George Sedberry (Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary) and David Wyanski (South Carolina Department of Natural Resources) for their assistance in the collection of specimens and for helpful dialogue. We thank Steven Cadrin for helpful advice on geometric analysis and thoughtful comments on our work. We also thank Robert Patterson and Nicholas Clemmons for their assistance in the laboratory. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Living Marine Resources Cooperative Science Center provided funding through the NOAA Environmental Partnership Program (grant NA06OAR4810163). NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 22 EP 28 DI 10.1577/C08-023.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA V20PV UT WOS:000208152800003 ER PT J AU Cross, AD Beauchamp, DA Moss, JH Myers, KW AF Cross, Alison D. Beauchamp, David A. Moss, Jamal H. Myers, Katherine W. TI Interannual Variability in Early Marine Growth, Size-Selective Mortality, and Marine Survival for Prince William Sound Pink Salmon SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB The main objective of this study was to use scale patterns to compare the early marine growth of the average pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha with that of fish from the same year-class that survived to adulthood to gain insight on critical periods for growth and survival. During 2001-2004, pink salmon that survived to adulthood were larger and grew faster than the average juvenile throughout the first growing season, indicating that larger, faster-growing juveniles experienced higher survival. Growth rate declined from mid-late June to early-mid-July for both juveniles at-large and fish that survived to adulthood. The adult survivors then grew at a faster rate than the average juvenile through September. Both the juvenile pink salmon population at-large and all cohorts that survived to adulthood grew at a faster rate during high-survival years than low-survival years from mid-late June to mid-late August. Greater variability in the growth trajectories of surviving adults was observed during high-survival years, potentially a result of diversified feeding or distribution strategies. This study supports findings that significant size-selective mortality of juvenile pink salmon occurs after the first growing season. Investigating the timing and magnitude of size-selective mortality on juvenile pink salmon during their first growing season is an initial step toward understanding the processes regulating growth and survival. C1 [Cross, Alison D.; Beauchamp, David A.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife & Res Unit, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Moss, Jamal H.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Myers, Katherine W.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, High Seas Salmon Res Program, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Cross, AD (reprint author), Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife & Res Unit, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM crossad@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation GLOBEC [0106139]; U.S. Geological Survey; Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; University of Washington; Washington Departments of Fish and Wildlife, Ecology, and Natural Resources; Wildlife Management Institute; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank Nancy Davis, Trey Walker, and Janet Armstrong (High Seas Salmon Program, University of Washington) for help in collecting and processing scales. Lew Haldorson, Jennifer Boldt, Jack Piccolo, and Mikhail Blikshteyn (University of Alaska, Fair-banks-Juneau) helped collect samples, supplied additional data, and helped with project development. The OCC program of the National Marine Fisheries Service provided adult scales collected during the summer of 2003. We are also grateful to Captain Mark Hottmann and the crew of the RV Pandalus for help in the field and to Dave Reggiani (Prince William Sound Aquaculture Corporation) and Ken Morgan (Valdez Fisheries Development Association). This research was made possible by funding from National Science Foundation GLOBEC Grant 0106139 (Contribution 20), the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, which is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey; University of Washington; Washington Departments of Fish and Wildlife, Ecology, and Natural Resources; Wildlife Management Institute; and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 46 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 57 EP 70 DI 10.1577/C08-005.1 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA V20PV UT WOS:000208152800006 ER PT J AU Neuman, MJ Able, KW AF Neuman, Melissa J. Able, Kenneth W. TI Overwinter Growth and Mortality of Young-of-the-Year Windowpanes: Cohort-specific Responses SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB We tested the overwintering capability of young-of-the-year (age-0) windowpanes Scophthalmus aquosus to determine if there are cohort-specific differences in growth and mortality. We conducted a laboratory study at ambient estuarine winter temperatures from 9 November 1995 to 22 April 1996 with two cohorts (spring-spawned cohort: 83-140 mm total length [TL]; fall-spawned cohort: 15-37 mm TL). We hypothesized that (1) among individuals within both cohorts, winter growth rates would be low compared with summer growth rates; and (2) overwinter mortality rates of the smaller, fall-spawned fish would be higher than those of larger, spring-spawned fish due to size-selective mortality. Under ambient winter temperatures (-2.0 to 14.0 degrees C) with daily, ad libitum feeding in the laboratory, growth rates were low but positive for the fall-and spring-spawned fish. Overwinter mortality occurred in both cohorts but was higher for the fall cohort than for the spring cohort (75% and 31%, respectively). Within the fall cohort, mortality was size selective, with reduced survival of individuals smaller than 24 mm TL. Within the spring cohort, there was no evidence of size-selective mortality. We concluded that the first winter of life may be an important mortality bottleneck for both cohorts of age-0 windowpanes in the Middle Atlantic Bight but that mortality patterns are cohort specific and may be determined by different combinations of factors, such as fish size at the start of winter, the magnitude of water temperature decline between fall and winter, and the frequency and duration of extremely cold water temperatures. Thus, overwinter mortality during the first winter of life may influence the population dynamics of the windowpane and other multimodal spawners inhabiting the Middle Atlantic Bight. C1 [Neuman, Melissa J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, SW Reg Off, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA. [Able, Kenneth W.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Marine Field Stn, Tuckerton, NJ 08087 USA. RP Neuman, MJ (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, SW Reg Off, 501 W Ocean Blvd,Suite 4200, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA. EM Melissa.Neuman@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Rutgers University; Manasquan River Marlin and Tuna Club; Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences (IMCS) FX We thank R. Hoden and D. Witting for logistical support. D. Witting assisted with the analyses and provided comments on an earlier draft. We are grateful to C. Curran, S. Lucas, K. Spendiff and staff at RUMFS for their help in collecting data. We dedicate this work to the inspiring legacies of two friends and colleagues: Stacy Moore Hagan and Steven Berkely. This work was funded by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Rutgers University Cooperative Marine Education and Research Program, the Manasquan River Marlin and Tuna Club, and the Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences (IMCS). This is IMCS Contribution Number 2009-5. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 133 EP 142 DI 10.1577/C08-022.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA V20PV UT WOS:000208152800011 ER PT J AU Cope, JM Punt, AE AF Cope, Jason M. Punt, Andre E. TI Length- Based Reference Points for Data-Limited Situations: Applications and Restrictions SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB Current fisheries management policies generally require an assessment of stock status, which is a difficult task when population and fisheries data are limited. Three simple metrics based on catch length compositions (i.e., that reflect exclusive take of mature individuals, P(mat); that consist primarily of fish of optimal size, the size at which the highest yield from a cohort occurs, P(opt); and that demonstrate the conservation of large, mature individuals, P(mega)) can be used to monitor population status relative to exploitation. The metrics (collectively referred to as P(x)) were intended to avoid growth and recruitment overfishing, but there was no quantitative linkage to stock status and calculation of future sustainable catches. We attempt to make this connection by exploring the relationship of P(x) measures to fishing mortality and spawning biomass (SB). The relationships are compared specifically to the current target reference point (0.4 times the virgin, or unfished, SB [SB(0)]) and limit reference point (0.25SB(0)) used for the U.S. West Coast groundfish fishery by using simulations based on a deterministic age-structured population dynamics model. Sensitivity to fishery selectivity, life history traits, and recruitment compensation (steepness) is explored. Each P(x) measure showed a wide range of possible values depending on fishery selectivity, steepness, and the ratio of the length at maturity (L(mat)) to the optimal fishing length (L(opt)). Although the values of P(x) may be compatible with sustainable fishing, these values are not always sufficient to ensure stock protection from overfishing. Moreover, values for P(x) cannot be interpreted adequately without knowledge of the selectivity pattern. A new measure, P(obj) (the sum of P(mat), P(opt), and P(mega)), is introduced to distinguish selectivity patterns and construct a decision tree for development of stock status indicators. Heuristic indicator values are presented to demonstrate the utility of this approach. Although several caveats remain, this approach builds on the recommendations of previous literature by giving further guidance related to interpreting catch length composition data under variable fishery conditions without collecting additional information. It also provides a link to developing harvest control rules that inform proactive fisheries management under data-limited conditions. C1 [Cope, Jason M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Cope, Jason M.; Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Cope, JM (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM jason.cope@noaa.gov OI Punt, Andre/0000-0001-8489-2488 FU National Marine Fisheries Service [NA04NMF4550330] FX We acknowledge funding through a National Marine Fisheries Service grant (NA04NMF4550330). NR 50 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 25 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 169 EP 186 DI 10.1577/C08-025.1 PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA V20PV UT WOS:000208152800014 ER PT J AU Walsh, WA Bigelow, KA Sender, KL AF Walsh, William A. Bigelow, Keith A. Sender, Karen L. TI Decreases in Shark Catches and Mortality in the Hawaii-Based Longline Fishery as Documented by Fishery Observers SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB This article summarizes catch data for sharks collected by fishery observers during two periods (1995-2000 and 2004-2006) in the Hawaii-based pelagic longline fishery, which targets swordfish Xiphias gladius in the shallow-set sector and bigeye tuna Thunnus obesus in the deep-set sector. The blue shark Prionace glauca was the predominant shark species caught throughout the study period (84.5% of all sharks). Five other species (bigeye thresher Alopias superciliosus, oceanic whitetip shark Carcharhinus longimanus, shortfin mako Isurus oxyrinchus, silky shark C. falciformis, and crocodile shark Pseudocarcharias kamoharai) were relatively common (1.0-4.1%). Two major developments affected shark catches in this fishery during the study period. The first was the prohibition in 2000 of shark finning under most circumstances. The second development was that management measures were taken in 2000 and 2001 to protect sea turtles (leatherback sea turtles Dermochelys coriacea and loggerhead sea turtles Caretta caretta) and these measures included a closure of the shallow-set (swordfish-targeting) sector for more than 3 years. The closure caused decreases in shark catches because the shallow-set sector was typically characterized by high catch rates. The shallow-set sector was reopened in 2004. Comparisons of nominal catch per unit effort (number of sharks/1,000 hooks) revealed significant differences in catch rates between the two fishery sectors and the two periods. Blue shark and shortfin mako catch rates were significantly greater in the shallow-set sector than in the deep-set sector of the fishery, whereas the opposite was true for the deeper-dwelling bigeye threshers and crocodile sharks. Catch rates for the blue shark, oceanic whitetip shark, bigeye thresher, and crocodile shark were significantly lower in 2004-2006 than in 1995-2000. For the blue shark in particular, the combination of reduced catch rates, the finning ban, and an apparent capacity to resist the stress of capture on longline gear resulted in low (4%-5.7%) minimum mortality estimates. Therefore, we conclude that the Hawaii-based pelagic longline fishery has made substantial progress in reducing shark mortality. C1 [Walsh, William A.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Walsh, WA (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM william.walsh@noaa.gov FU Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research [NA17RJ1230]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA17RJ1230] FX S. Joseph Arceneaux, Eric Forney, Dawn Golden, and Thomas Swenarton of PIROP graciously assisted with data acquisition and verification. Francine Fiust and Audrey Rivero prepared the originally submitted version of this article, Diosdado Gonzales provided computing assistance, and Kurt Kawamoto and Walter Machado participated in useful discussions of this fishery. Russell Ito, Pierre Kleiber, Joseph O'Malley, Robert Skillman, and Jerry Wetherall of PIFSC and Suzanne Kohin of the Southwest Fisheries Science Center reviewed earlier versions of the article. Three anonymous reviewers provided comments that improved the revised article considerably. This project was funded by Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1230 between the Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its subdivisions. NR 38 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 31 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 270 EP 282 DI 10.1577/C09-003.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA V20PV UT WOS:000208152800021 ER PT J AU Aires-da-Silva, AM Maunder, MN Gallucci, VF Kohler, NE Hoey, JJ AF Aires-da-Silva, Alexandre M. Maunder, Mark N. Gallucci, Vincent F. Kohler, Nancy E. Hoey, John J. TI A spatially structured tagging model to estimate movement and fishing mortality rates for the blue shark (Prionace glauca) in the North Atlantic Ocean SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE fisheries management; shark fisheries; stock assessment; tag reporting; tag shedding ID STOCK ASSESSMENT; TAG RECOVERIES; TRADE RECORDS; PACIFIC-OCEAN; POPULATION; TUNA; SIZE; CONSERVATION; PATTERNS; CATCHES AB Large numbers of blue sharks are caught as bycatch, and have even become the target species in pelagic longline fisheries in the North Atlantic Ocean. The status of the stock is ambiguous due to the limitations of the fishery-dependent data. This study presents a spatially structured tagging model to estimate blue shark movement and fishing mortality rates in the North Atlantic Ocean. The model uses the blue shark tag-recovery data collected by the United States National Marine Fisheries Service Cooperative Shark Tagging Program (1965-2004). Four major geographical regions (two on each side of the ocean) are assumed. The blue shark fishing mortality rates (F) were found to be heterogeneous across the four regions. While the estimates of F obtained for the western North Atlantic Ocean were historically lower than 0.1 year(-1), the F estimates over the most recent decade (1990s) in the eastern side of the ocean are rapidly approaching 0.2 year(-1). Because of the particular life-history of the blue shark, these results suggest careful monitoring of the fishery as the juvenile and pregnant female segments of the stock are highly vulnerable to exploitation in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean. C1 [Aires-da-Silva, Alexandre M.; Maunder, Mark N.] Inter Amer Trop Tuna Commiss, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Aires-da-Silva, Alexandre M.; Gallucci, Vincent F.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kohler, Nancy E.; Hoey, John J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Aires-da-Silva, AM (reprint author), Inter Amer Trop Tuna Commiss, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM alexdasilva@iattc.org FU Fulbright Commission; Funda ao-Luso Americana para o Desenvolvimento [50/01]; USA National Marine Fisheries [NFFM7001-6-21099] FX The senior author was supported through doctoral grants by the Fulbright Commission, the Funda ao-Luso Americana para o Desenvolvimento (Project number 50/01) in Portugal, and a USA National Marine Fisheries Service contract (NFFM7001-6-21099). We thank Andre Punt, John Skalski and Ian Taylor at the School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington (SAFS-UW), for comments on this manuscript. The extensive technical support with the tagging database by Patricia Turner and Ruth Briggs (CSTP-NMFS) is greatly appreciated. Gerald Scott, Papa Kebe and Pilar Palares provided support with the ICCAT longline effort data. We thank Steve Campana and an anonymous reviewer for their invaluable comments on this manuscript. John Jack Casey was the founder of the CSTP and his many years of dedication to the program were critical for the collection of the extensive tagging data. Finally, we thank the collaboration of thousands of sport and commercial fishers, fisheries observers, research vessel captains and crew, tournament officials, US and international cooperating scientists. NR 55 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 22 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2009 VL 60 IS 10 BP 1029 EP 1043 DI 10.1071/MF08235 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 508GD UT WOS:000270916700006 ER PT J AU Parrish, FA Roark, EB AF Parrish, Frank A. Roark, E. Brendan TI Growth validation of gold coral Gerardia sp in the Hawaiian Archipelago SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Deep-sea coral; Mark and remeasure; Parasite; Colonization; Precious coral; Ring counts; Annuli; Radiocarbon dating ID DEEP-SEA CORALS; AGE CALIBRATION; C-14 DATA; RADIOCARBON; ANTIPATHARIA; LONGEVITY; CNIDARIA; RINGS AB Colonies of the Hawaiian gold coral Gerardia sp. (n = 48) were measured, marked and then revisited 1 to 9 yr later to look for evidence of linear growth. The video images showed no change in the proportional size of the coral colonies relative to the marker pots left on the bottom and no change in the pattern of distal branches. Few of the measured delta values exceeded the error of our measurement technique, and the detected change in the sample was statistically indistinguishable from zero. Even though the temperature cycle in the coral beds appears seasonal, these observations indicate that gold coral growth is much slower than growth estimates derived from basal stem ring counts treated as annuli. The period of study was too short to effectively evaluate the validity of life span estimates from radiocarbon studies. The variability in radiocarbon data was assessed with broad sampling (n = 23) across study sites to reveal a mean life span of 950 yr with an overall radial growth of similar to 41 mu m yr(-1). Based on the calculation of a gross radiocarbon linear growth rate of 2.2 +/- 0.2 mm yr(-1), the sample colonies marked in the field would have grown similar to 1.8 cm during the study period. C1 [Parrish, Frank A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Roark, E. Brendan] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Parrish, FA (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM frank.parrish@noaa.gov RI Roark, Erin/D-4124-2013 OI Roark, Erin/0000-0002-1742-9642 FU National Undersea Research Program; NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration; Hawaii Fishery Disaster Relief Program FDRP [657781] FX Initial field marking of colonies was made possible with support from the National Undersea Research Program and the NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration. The 2007 dives to collect samples and remeasure colonies were supported by the Hawaii Fishery Disaster Relief Program FDRP grant no. 657781. The facilities and staff of the Hawaii Undersea Research Laboratory were essential to accomplishing the fieldwork and the success of the project. Access to sites in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands was sanctioned by permit from the Papahanamokuakea National Marine Monument. Finally, this paper greatly benefitted from comments provided by E. Druffel, R. Grigg and 2 anonymous reviewers. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 397 BP 163 EP 172 DI 10.3354/meps08299 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 548MV UT WOS:000273968400016 ER PT J AU Andrews, AH Stone, RP Lundstrom, CC DeVogelaere, AP AF Andrews, Allen H. Stone, Robert P. Lundstrom, Craig C. DeVogelaere, Andrew P. TI Growth rate and age determination of bamboo corals from the northeastern Pacific Ocean using refined Pb-210 dating SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Lead-210; Radiometry; Deep sea; Longevity; Isididae ID DEEP-SEA; PRIMNOA-RESEDAEFORMIS; DESMOPHYLLUM-CRISTAGALLI; NEW-ZEALAND; OCTOCORALLIA; ISIDIDAE; HABITAT; WATERS; ALASKA AB Bamboo corals from Davidson Seamount and from the Gulf of Alaska were aged using a refined Pb-210 dating technique. The goal was to determine growth rates and age for several bamboo corals with higher precision. Radiometric results for 2 Davidson Seamount corals (Keratoisis sp.) converged on a radial growth rate of similar to 0.055 mm yr(-1). One colony was aged at 98 +/- 9 yr, with an average axial growth rate of similar to 0.7 cm yr(-1). The age of a large colony was > 145 yr with an estimated axial growth rate of 0.14 to 0.28 cm yr(-1). Inconsistent rates may indicate nonlinear axial growth. A Keratoisis sp. specimen from the Gulf of Alaska was aged at 116 +/- 29 yr from a radial growth rate of similar to 0.056 mm yr(-1), which led to an average axial growth rate of similar to 1.0 cm yr(-1). An Isidella tentaculum colony was aged at 53 +/- 10 yr and grew most rapidly with a radial growth rate of similar to 0.10 mm yr(-1) and an average axial growth rate of similar to 1.4 cm yr(-1); however, the Pb-210 decay pattern may have provided evidence for either a hiatus in radial growth or environmental changes in Pb-210. Our findings of slow growth and long life compared favorably with other bamboo coral studies and provided age estimates with greater precision. The high longevity of bamboo coral is an indication that recovery from disturbance or removal may take decades to a century. These age data provide a basis for a defensible position on the protection of bamboo coral and essential information for describing other life history characteristics. C1 [Andrews, Allen H.] Calif State Univ, Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Stone, Robert P.] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Lundstrom, Craig C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [DeVogelaere, Andrew P.] Monterey Bay Natl Marine Sanctuary, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Andrews, AH (reprint author), Calif State Univ, Moss Landing Marine Labs, 8272 Moss Landing Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM andrews@mlml.calstate.edu RI Andrews, Allen/G-3686-2016 OI Andrews, Allen/0000-0002-9001-8305 FU NOAA's Office of Ocean Exploration [NCND6022-5-00061]; NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Region [NFFS7400-7-21504] FX The research on Davidson Seamount corals was made possible by the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary (MBNMS) in a collaborative effort with Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI). Special thanks to E. Burton at MBNMS for recommending this line of work to Moss Landing Marine Laboratories and for editorial assistance. Thanks to M. Conway (MBARI) for developing ROV 'Tiburon' collection boxes for segregation of collected coral samples. Thanks to the crew of the RV 'Western Flyer' for excellent navigation and food. Thanks to the pilots of the ROV 'Tiburon' (D. French, B. Schaefer, R, Reynolds, C. Scott, and R. Prickett) for careful collection of the fragile coral colonies. The research on Gulf of Alaska corals was made possible by NOAA Fisheries and the collections of J. Karinen and D. Csepp. Thanks to G. M. Cailliet (Moss Landing Marine Laboratories [MLML]) for continued support in this line of coral research, and C, Brooks (MLML) and H. Hawk (MLML) for assistance with sample processing. Thanks to L. Watling (University of Hawaii, Manoa) and S. France (University of Louisiana, Lafayette) for specimen identifications and for including the specimens in a study to monograph the subfamily Keratoisidinae, which is extremely important work. The Davidson Seamount portion of the study was funded by a contract from NOAA's MBNMS with funds from NOAA's Office of Ocean Exploration (reference no, NCND6022-5-00061). The Gulf of Alaska portion of this study was funded by a contract from NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Region, under requisition no. NFFS7400-7-21504. NR 27 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 9 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 397 BP 173 EP 185 DI 10.3354/meps08193 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 548MV UT WOS:000273968400017 ER PT J AU Heifetz, J Stone, RP Shotwell, SK AF Heifetz, Jonathan Stone, Robert P. Shotwell, S. Kalei TI Damage and disturbance to coral and sponge habitat of the Aleutian Archipelago SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Deep-sea coral; Sponge; Damage; Habitat; Fishing gear effects ID SPECIES ASSOCIATIONS; ALASKA; ISLANDS; ABUNDANCE AB Video imagery was examined to quantify seafloor disturbance and damage to corals and sponges relative to fishing practices in the central Aleutian Islands of Alaska. Corals and sponges were classified as damaged if they had broken skeletons, missing or broken branches, were torn (i.e. sponges) or detached from the seafloor, or were attached but lying on the seafloor. Disturbance was defined as any alteration to the seafloor or biota caused by fishing gear or natural events. Overall, 14% of corals and 21% of sponges were damaged, and disturbance was widespread and evident on most video transects. The proportion of damaged corals was significantly less (p = 0.003) in areas with little or no bottom trawl fishing versus areas with medium and high intensity bottom trawl fishing. For other gear types, damage was not significantly different among fishing levels. Damage for all corals was 7% in untrawled areas, 7% in low-intensity areas, 14% in medium-intensity areas, and 49% in high-intensity areas. For gorgonians, 5% were damaged in untrawled areas and 23% were damaged in high-intensity areas. For hydrocorals, damage was 10% in untrawled areas and 53% in medium-intensity areas. Hydrocorals were absent from high-intensity areas. About 40% of sea whips were damaged in high-intensity areas versus 1%, in other areas. While some protective measures have been implemented to halt the expansion of bottom trawl fishing to unfished areas, the conservation of coral and sponge habitat in fished areas is still of primary concern. C1 [Heifetz, Jonathan; Stone, Robert P.; Shotwell, S. Kalei] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs,Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Heifetz, J (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs,Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, 17109 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM jon.heifetz@noaa.gov FU North Pacific Research Board; West Coast & Polar Regions Undersea Research Center (NOAA); NOAA Fisherie FX This study was part of a collaborative research effort on deep sea coral distribution and habitat in the Aleutians undertaken by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries, the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, the University of Alaska Fair-banks (UAF), and Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, The project was funded by the North Pacific Research Board, the West Coast & Polar Regions Undersea Research Center (NOAA), and by NOAA Fisheries and was led by Drs. J. Heifetz (NOAA), J. Reynolds (UAF), and D. Woodby (ADF&G), and Mr. R. Stone (NOAA). We thank the multi-agency field teams and the crews of the RV 'Velero IV', the RV 'Roger Revelle', Delta Oceanographics, and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution for their support during fieldwork. Thanks also go to E. Brown, C. Martinez and D. Alcorn for reviewing video tapes for data collection. Two anonymous reviewers provided comments that were especially helpful. NR 21 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 5 U2 16 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 397 BP 295 EP 303 DI 10.3354/meps08304 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 548MV UT WOS:000273968400027 ER PT J AU Bruckner, AW AF Bruckner, Andrew W. TI Rate and extent of decline in Corallium (pink and red coral) populations: existing data meet the requirements for a CITES Appendix II listing SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Precious coral; Pink and red corals; Corallium; Harvest; Trade; Coral jewelry ID RUBRUM L.; GORGONIAN CORAL; EARLY SURVIVAL; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; DEMOGRAPHY; GROWTH; SIZE; AGE; REPRODUCTION AB In June 2007, the US government proposed Corallium (pink and red corals) for listing on Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). The proposal was adopted and later overturned due to perceived difficulties in implementing and enforcing a CITES listing and uncertainties on population status. An expert review (Food and Agriculture Organization) questioned whether populations had declined to 20-30% of the historic baseline, the level required for a CITES Appendix II listing. This review used colony abundance and density as surrogates of decline, which may be high (200 to 1300 colonies m(-2)) in the Mediterranean. Yet assessments of decline for colonial organisms should also consider changes in size, since reproductive output and survival increase exponentially with size. Colonies of C. rubrum historically achieved heights of 50 cm with complex first, second and third order branching patterns. Today, >90% of colonies in fished areas are 3 to 5 cm tall, <50% are sexually mature and most have only rudimentary branches. Few population data are available for Pacific Corallium spp.; however, landings over the last 15 yr have declined from 100-400 to <5 t yr(-1). Recovery of populations to their natural state may require decades, as colonies in protected areas are less than half their historic size after 20 to 30 yr of protection. Minimum allowable size for harvest should be increased because traditionally determined growth rates appear to underestimate colony age, and corals are being removed long before achieving maximum sustainable yield. 'Boom and bust' cycles of Corallium fisheries and dramatic, long-lasting shifts in population demography highlight the need for improved management and trade regulations. C1 [Bruckner, Andrew W.] NOAA Fisheries, Off Habitat Conservat, NOAA Coral Reef Conservat Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Bruckner, Andrew W.] Khaled bin Sultan Living Oceans Fdn, Landover, MD 20785 USA. RP Bruckner, AW (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Off Habitat Conservat, NOAA Coral Reef Conservat Program, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM andy.bruckner@noaa.gov FU NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program; NOAA/NMFS Office of Habitat Conservation and NOAA Oceanic and Atmospheric Research FX Funding for an international conservation program for Corallium was provided by the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program, NOAA/NMFS Office of Habitat Conservation and NOAA Oceanic and Atmospheric Research. I am grateful to K. Pughse, T. Hourigan and G. Roberts for their input and editorial advice. The US Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Law Enforcement, provided LEMIS data on Corallium imports, and the US Scientific and Management Authorities have continued to support a potential listing for Corallium within the Appendices of CITES. Comments from 4 anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. I am also indebted to several Pacific and Mediterranean Corallium scientists, including F, Parrish, G. Tsounis, S. Rossi and G. Santangelo, who shared their data and contributed to discussions presented in this paper. NR 60 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 13 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 397 BP 319 EP 332 DI 10.3354/meps08110 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 548MV UT WOS:000273968400030 ER PT J AU Hourigan, TF AF Hourigan, T. F. TI Managing fishery impacts on deep-water coral ecosystems of the USA: emerging best practices SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Deep-sea coral; Vulnerable marine ecosystems; Essential fish habitat; Fishing impacts; Trawling; Marine conservation; Marine protected areas ID LOPHELIA-PERTUSA; ATLANTIC; CONSERVATION; HABITAT; REEFS AB The USA has rich and varied deep-water coral ecosystems. Disturbances from bottom trawls have been well documented in certain habitats and are considered the major threat to deep-water corals in most US regions where such fishing is allowed. Other bottom-set fishing gears (e.g. gillnets and longlines) can also impact these communities. The USA has taken far-reaching action to address these threats to deep-water habitats. Since 2006, the USA has protected nearly 1.8 million km(2) of vulnerable benthic habitats from bottom trawling, mostly in the Pacific. Additional major habitat conservation efforts are underway in the US Atlantic. In these efforts, a number of approaches are emerging as best-practices to conserve deep-water corals and other vulnerable marine ecosystems in the deep sea: (1) protecting particularly vulnerable areas, especially seamounts and major identified deep-water coral habitats, from impacts by all bottom-contact gear; (2) defining the current 'footprint' of bottom-trawl and dredge fisheries in partnership with the fishing Community, and preventing expansion of these fisheries into deeper waters until they can be surveyed to identify potentially vulnerable habitats; and (3) using fisheries observers and vessel monitoring systems to provide key information that can inform adaptive management and enforcement. In 2006, the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act, the nation's primary fishing law, was amended to explicitly allow protection of deep-sea corals in their own right. These approaches are being incorporated into a national strategic plan to comprehensively study and conserve deep-water coral and sponge ecosystems, and may help inform ongoing international conservation efforts. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Off Habitat Conservat, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Hourigan, TF (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Off Habitat Conservat, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM tom.hourigan@noaa.gov OI Hourigan, Thomas/0000-0002-1936-2517 NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 18 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 397 BP 333 EP 340 DI 10.3354/meps08278 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 548MV UT WOS:000273968400031 ER PT J AU Brock, R English, E Kenchington, E Tasker, M AF Brock, Robert English, Elizabethann Kenchington, Ellen Tasker, Mark TI The alphabet soup that protects cold-water corals in the North Atlantic SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Habitat protection; Cold-water corals; Vulnerable marine ecosystems; Marine protected areas; Biodiversity; North Atlantic AB Canada, the European Union, and the United States, amongst others, recognize the importance of habitat-forming biota such as cold-water corals to a host of associated ecologically and/or commercially important species including fish, crustaceans, and mollusks. These species and the ecological services they provide are important to the peoples surrounding the North Atlantic (i.e. the Atlantic Ocean north of the equator), There are several different legal and/or regulatory tools available to ensure that cold-water corals in the North Atlantic are protected along with the ecological services they provide. Through such tools, many protected areas have been designated or are under consideration in the North Atlantic to protect cold-water coral habitats. Although the designation and labeling varies, e.g. National Marine Conservation Area (Canada), Special Area of Conservation (European Union), or Habitat Area of Particular Concern (USA), all of these designations aim to provide protection into the future to vulnerable habitats like cold-water corals. C1 [Brock, Robert] Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [English, Elizabethann] Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Off Int Affairs, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Kenchington, Ellen] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Tasker, Mark] Joint Nat Conservat Comm, Aberdeen AB10 1UZ, Scotland. RP Brock, R (reprint author), Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Off Sci & Technol, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM robert.brock@noaa.gov NR 3 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 14 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 397 BP 355 EP 360 DI 10.3354/meps08303 PG 6 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 548MV UT WOS:000273968400033 ER PT J AU Petrik, CM Kristiansen, T Lough, RG Davis, CS AF Petrik, Colleen M. Kristiansen, Trond Lough, R. Gregory Davis, Cabell S. TI Prey selection by larval haddock and cod on copepods with species-specific behavior: an individual-based model analysis SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Individual-based model; Foraging; Escape behavior; Haddock; Cod; Copepods; Larval fish; Georges Bank ID WHITING MERLANGIUS-MERLANGUS; SMALL-SCALE TURBULENCE; EARLY-LIFE STAGES; GADUS-MORHUA; GEORGES-BANK; ATLANTIC COD; MELANOGRAMMUS-AEGLEFINUS; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; ESCAPE BEHAVIOR; MARINE COPEPODS AB Coupled biological-physical models of larval fish have become a widely used tool for studying recruitment variability. Within these models, foraging components include prey selection as a determinant of food availability but have not yet considered species-specific escape behaviors of prey, which can be important in determining capture success. Furthermore, there has been extensive work on some species (e.g. cod Gadus morhua), but less on others (e.g. haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus). We collected information from the literature on the escape behaviors of the copepods Calanus finmarchicus, Pseudocalanus spp., Oithona similis, and Centropages typicus, the dominant prey of larval haddock and cod on Georges Bank (NW Atlantic), for use in a mechanistic foraging model. The foraging model was coupled to a bioenergetics model to simulate larval haddock and cod feeding and growth. Larval haddock and cod demonstrated positive selection of Pseudocalanus spp. and negative selection of C, finmarchicus based on modeled Chesson's preference index. Species-specific differences in escape abilities affected selection more than encounter rate. Prey escape behavior explained why larval cod rarely feed on C. typicus, although these prey items are numerous in the water column. Disparities between larval haddock and cod in their simulated prey selection and growth rates were the result of different mouth sizes and metabolisms. Simulated haddock foraging agreed with gut content observations of the size and species composition of ingested prey. These models are the first to describe haddock foraging and to include species-specific prey behaviors. C1 [Petrik, Colleen M.; Davis, Cabell S.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Kristiansen, Trond] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Lough, R. Gregory] NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Petrik, CM (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM cpetrik@whoi.edu OI Kristiansen, Trond/0000-0001-6121-297X FU NOAA GLOBEC [NA17RJ1223]; NSF FX We thank A. Solow for help with statistical analysis. C.M.P. was supported by a WHOI Watson Fellowship, Partial support was provided by NOAA GLOBEC grant NA17RJ1223. This is contribution no, 614 of the NW Atlantic US GLOBEC program jointly funded by NOAA and NSF. NR 78 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 396 BP 123 EP 143 DI 10.3354/meps08268 PG 21 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 543DD UT WOS:000273549400011 ER PT J AU Musyl, MK Moyes, CD Brill, RW Fragoso, NM AF Musyl, Michael K. Moyes, Christopher D. Brill, Richard W. Fragoso, Nuno M. TI Factors influencing mortality estimates in post-release survival studies SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Editorial Material DE Pop-up satellite archival tag; PSAT; Hook type; Soak time; Bycatch handling trauma; Longline fishery AB Campana et al. (2009; Mar Ecol Prog Ser 387:241-253) explored the survival Of blue sharks Prionace glauca captured and released from the North Atlantic commercial longline fishery. We think that their comments and comparisons do not accurately reflect a previous survival study of blue sharks in Hawaii (Moyes et al. 2006; Trans Am Fish Soc 135:1389-1397). The differences in mortality between the studies, similar to 5% in the Hawaii-based fishery and similar to 35% in the North Atlantic fishery, were suggested to be due to failure of Moyes et al. (2006) to accurately reflect commercial fishing conditions. Careful examination of the data, however, suggests that the mortality depends on fishery-specific features-hook type, soak time and handling of the bycatch during release-rather than the respective tagging protocols. Survival studies based on pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) are cost-prohibitive; alternative (e.g. biochemical) approaches to estimate stress and morbidity are needed to supplant PSAT studies and to increase sample sizes. Standardization of fishing methods and sampling protocol is needed for future survival studies, to reduce experimental bias and improve the cost:benefit relationship. C1 [Musyl, Michael K.] Univ Hawaii, JIMAR, Kewalo Res Facil, NOAA, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Moyes, Christopher D.] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. [Brill, Richard W.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, NMFS NEFSC, Cooperat Marine Educ & Res Program, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Fragoso, Nuno M.] Univ New Hampshire, Large Pelag Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Musyl, MK (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, JIMAR, Kewalo Res Facil, NOAA, 1125B Ala Moana Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. EM michael.musyl@noaa.gov NR 6 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 396 BP 157 EP 159 DI 10.3354/meps08432 PG 3 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 543DD UT WOS:000273549400014 ER PT J AU Van Parijs, SM Clark, CW Sousa-Lima, RS Parks, SE Rankin, S Risch, D Van Opzeeland, IC AF Van Parijs, Sofie M. Clark, Chris W. Sousa-Lima, Renata S. Parks, Susan E. Rankin, Shannon Risch, Denise Van Opzeeland, Ilse C. TI Management and research applications of real-time and archival passive acoustic sensors over varying temporal and spatial scales SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Passive acoustics; Mesoscale; Archival arrays; Real-time buoys; Towed arrays; Localization; Automated detection; Marine mammals; Fish ID WHALES EUBALAENA-GLACIALIS; ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALES; MANATEES TRICHECHUS-MANATUS; MALE BEARDED SEALS; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; FINLESS PORPOISES; FISHERIES SCIENCE; HUMPBACK WHALES; ISOLATION CALLS; MATING TACTICS AB Defining the appropriate scale over which to conduct a study in the marine environment is critical to achieving appropriate scientific, management, mitigation and conservation objectives. This paper focuses on applications of passive acoustic technologies over a range of spatial and temporal scales. It is divided into sections dealing with archival and real-time passive acoustic sensor applications. Each section assesses the principles behind using the respective technology and provides recent examples of research and management applications for marine mammals and fish. The section on archival sensors highlights the need for continued development of automated acoustic detectors to assess large data sets. Case studies are presented of detectors developed for determining seasonal occurrence and distribution of haddock sounds and humpback whale vocalizations. Also presented are studies of other applications using archival sensors: tracking singing humpback whales in Brazil, using vocalizations to assess the reproductive strategies of Arctic bearded seals and assessing regional variability in call patterns for North Atlantic right whales. The section on real-time passive acoustic sensors focuses on real-time buoys and towed arrays. Case studies presented include a real-time buoy system used for monitoring endangered North Atlantic right whales and a stationary autonomous array providing real-time access to Antarctic acoustic data. The value of using towed arrays for real-time applications is also assessed, and a case study is provided on the use of towed arrays to improve abundance estimates of North Pacific cetaceans and to better understand vocalization behaviors. C1 [Van Parijs, Sofie M.; Risch, Denise] NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Clark, Chris W.; Sousa-Lima, Renata S.] Cornell Lab Ornithol, Bioacoust Res Program, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Sousa-Lima, Renata S.] Inst Baleia Jubarte, BR-45900000 Caravelas, BA, Brazil. [Parks, Susan E.] Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, State Coll, PA 16804 USA. [Rankin, Shannon] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Risch, Denise] Integrated Stat, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Van Opzeeland, Ilse C.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Dept Ocean Acoust, D-27568 Bremerhaven, Germany. RP Van Parijs, SM (reprint author), NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM sofie.vanparijs@noaa.gov RI Parks, Susan/D-2675-2014; Sousa-Lima, Renata/O-7550-2015 OI Parks, Susan/0000-0001-6663-627X; Sousa-Lima, Renata/0000-0002-2638-1695 FU Abrolhos National Marine Park; Animal Behavior Society; Brazilian Government (CAPES); Brazilian Navy; Canon National Parks Science Scholars Program; Cornell University Lab of Ornithology; European Union; Instituto Baleia Jubarte; Petroleo Brasileiro S.A. (PETROBRAS); Massachusetts Department of Marine Fisheries; NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NEFSC SEFSC); Norwegian National Research Council; Norwegian Polar Institute; Ny- Alesund Large Scale Facility for Arctic Environmental Research; University Studies on Svalbard; US Navy; Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research FX We thank B. Southall, D. Nowacek and H. Browman for the insight and innovation which made this theme section on passive acoustics possible. An immense number of people contributed to making the case studies in this manuscript happen. However, the hardware and software that were predominately used in these case studies was developed at the Bioacoustics Research Program at Cornell University, without which passive acoustics would not be what it is today. The hardware and software for the towed array studies are the result of a collaborative effort between J. Barlow, J. Oswald, D. K. Mellinger and S. Rankin. Funding for these case studies was received from Abrolhos National Marine Park, Animal Behavior Society, Brazilian Government (CAPES PhD Fellowship to R.S.S.L.), Brazilian Navy, Canon National Parks Science Scholars Program, Cornell University Lab of Ornithology, European Union Marie Curie Postdoctoral, Instituto Baleia Jubarte, Petroleo Brasileiro S.A. (PETROBRAS), Massachusetts Department of Marine Fisheries, NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NEFSC & SEFSC), Norwegian National Research Council, Norwegian Polar Institute, Ny- Alesund Large Scale Facility for Arctic Environmental Research and University Studies on Svalbard, US Navy and Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research. We also thank the 3 reviewers who struggled through a much rougher version of this manuscript and who we hope will find the end result a significant improvement as a result of their input. NR 83 TC 99 Z9 103 U1 45 U2 97 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 395 BP 21 EP 36 DI 10.3354/meps08123 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 541AV UT WOS:000273383900003 ER PT J AU Stafford, KM Citta, JJ Moore, SE Daher, MA George, JE AF Stafford, Kathleen M. Citta, John J. Moore, Sue E. Daher, Mary Ann George, Joseph E. TI Environmental correlates of blue and fin whale call detections in the North Pacific Ocean from 1997 to 2002 SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Blue whale; Fin whale; North Pacific; Acoustics; Oceanography ID SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; LOW-FREQUENCY WHALE; BALAENOPTERA-MUSCULUS; ZOOPLANKTON BIOMASS; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; BALEEN WHALES; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ALEUTIAN ISLANDS AB A 6 yr time series of blue whale Balaenoptera musculus and fin whale B. physalus call detections in the North Pacific Ocean was correlated with 3 oceanographic variables (sea-surface temperature, chlorophyll a concentration, and mixed layer depth), to investigate the broad-scale calling behavior of these species. Monthly values for satellite-derived oceanographic data and whale call data were compared for 4 regions (30 degrees longitude by 15 degrees of latitude) encompassing the whole subarctic North Pacific and an area in the temperate northeastern Pacific. To determine predictive models for whale call occurrence, generalized linear models were used to determine which, if any, oceanographic variables might influence whale calling behavior over such broad space and time scales. Sea-surface temperature was the best oceanographic variable for predicting whale call detections for both species and all regions. C1 [Stafford, Kathleen M.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Citta, John J.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Moore, Sue E.] NOAA Fisheries Sci & Technol, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Daher, Mary Ann; George, Joseph E.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Stafford, KM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, 1013 NE 40th St, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM stafford@apl.washington.edu FU SERDP through SPAWAR; Office of Naval Research [N00014-96-1-1130]; Chief of Naval Operations Environmental Program [N45]; US Army Corps of Engineers [DCA87-00-H-0026]; Department of Defense Legacy Resource Management Program; Naval Postgraduate School [N00244-07-1-0017, N00244-07-1-0014] FX This work is dedicated to William A. friend. This work would not have been possible without the continued encouragement and participation of the US Navy Commands and personnel at Whidbey Island, NOPF. Funding over the years was provided by SERDP through SPAWAR (D. Conlon), the Marine Mammal Program of the Office of Naval Research (R. Gisiner, N00014-96-1-1130), the Chief of Naval Operations Environmental Program N45 (F. Stone and E. Young), the US Army Corps of Engineers (DCA87-00-H-0026), funding from the Department of Defense Legacy Resource Management Program and from the Naval Postgraduate School (C. Collins, N00244-07-1-0017 to K.M.S. and N00244-07-1-0014 to M.A.D.). The authors also acknowledge the experienced monitoring and analytical work of D. Martin and S. Haga at Whidbey Island. The AVHRR Oceans Pathfinder SST data were obtained through the online PO.DAAC Ocean ESIP Tool (POET) at the Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center (PO.DAAC), NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA (http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/poet). The ocean color data used in the present study were acquired using the GES-DISC Interactive Online Visualization and Analysis Infrastructure (Giovanni) as part of the NASA's Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (http://reason.gsfc.nasa.gov/OPS/Giovanni/ocean.seawits.shtml#descriptio n). Analyses and visualizations used in the present study were produced with the Giovanni online data system, developed and maintained by the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC). The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the United States Government. NR 89 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 15 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 395 BP 37 EP 53 DI 10.3354/meps08362 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 541AV UT WOS:000273383900004 ER PT J AU Hazen, EL Friedlaender, AS Thompson, MA Ware, CR Weinrich, MT Halpin, PN Wiley, DN AF Hazen, Elliott L. Friedlaender, Ari S. Thompson, Michael A. Ware, Colin R. Weinrich, Mason T. Halpin, Patrick N. Wiley, David N. TI Fine-scale prey aggregations and foraging ecology of humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Predator-prey; Foraging ecology; Oceanography; Acoustics; Sand lance; Humpback whale; Telemetry tracking; Digital acoustic recording tag ID HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; WESTERN ANTARCTIC PENINSULA; ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALES; AMERICAN SAND LANCE; GULF-OF-MAINE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; SOUTHERN GULF; GEORGES BANK; AMMODYTES-AMERICANUS AB Analyses of the foraging behavior of large cetaceans have generally focused on either correlations with environmental conditions at regional scales or observations of surface behavior. We employed a novel approach combining multi-scale analyses of simultaneous environmental conditions, surface and subsurface humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae movements, and sand lance Ammodytes spp. prey aggregations in the Gulf of Maine, USA. At the fine scale (<1 km), digital tags recorded whale movement and behavior in 3 dimensions. Concurrent synoptic prey data were collected using EK60 echosounders with simultaneous surface measurements of temperature and relative fluorescence within 1 km of the tagged whale. A geospatial analysis of environmental features and foraging patterns was conducted at the regional, seascape scale (similar to 10 km). At the seascape scale, we found: (1) a negative relationship between relative fluorescence and sand lance density; (2) a positive relationship between predator surface feeding, presumed sand lance density, and sand bottom types near high-slope edges; (3) a cyclical relationship for predator surface-feeding likelihood and prey density with tidal height; and (4) an observed temporal lag between peak prey density and predator surface-feeding likelihood. At the fine scale, we found that: (1) time of day was the most important factor in predicting whether a whale was feeding when it surfaced; and (2) surface feeding occurred more often around more dense, vertically distributed schools of prey. Multiscale and multi-trophic level studies are an important component in understanding the foraging ecology of top predators in marine systems. C1 [Hazen, Elliott L.; Friedlaender, Ari S.; Halpin, Patrick N.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Thompson, Michael A.; Wiley, David N.] Stellwagen Bank Natl Marine Sanctuary, Scituate, MA 02066 USA. [Ware, Colin R.] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Weinrich, Mason T.] Whale Ctr New England, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. RP Hazen, EL (reprint author), Duke Univ, Marine Lab, 135 Duke Marine Lab Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM elliott.hazen@duke.edu RI Hazen, Elliott/G-4149-2014 OI Hazen, Elliott/0000-0002-0412-7178 FU Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary office FX We thank Dr. J. M. Jech and J. Condiotty for use of and help with the EK60 echosounders and processing software. We also thank the scientific crew, particularly K. Sardi and C. Pecarcik of the Whale Center of New England, R. Arsenault of the University of New Hampshire, A. Stimpert of the University of Hawaii, and the NOAA crew aboard the RV 'Nancy Foster' for their help with gear deployment, gear fabrication, and data collection. The Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary office offered both funding and logistical support to aid in the collection and analysis of this research. Whale tag data were collected under MMPA permit #775-1875. The manuscript was improved thanks to comments from 2 anonymous reviewers and the editors. NR 75 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 11 U2 43 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 395 BP 75 EP 89 DI 10.3354/meps08108 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 541AV UT WOS:000273383900006 ER PT J AU Friedlaender, AS Hazen, EL Nowacek, DP Halpin, PN Ware, C Weinrich, MT Hurst, T Wiley, D AF Friedlaender, Ari S. Hazen, E. L. Nowacek, D. P. Halpin, P. N. Ware, C. Weinrich, M. T. Hurst, T. Wiley, D. TI Diel changes in humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae feeding behavior in response to sand lance Ammodytes spp. behavior and distribution SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Humpback whales; Sand lance; Diel feeding; Predator-prey interactions ID BALEEN WHALES; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; DIVING BEHAVIOR; LESSER SANDEEL; NORTH-ATLANTIC; SOUTHERN GULF; FIN WHALES; PREY; MAINE; AMERICANUS AB Humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae have adopted unique feeding strategies to take advantage of behavioral changes in their prey. However, logistical constraints have largely limited ecological analyses of these interactions. Our objectives were to (1) link humpback whale feeding behaviors to concurrent measurements of prey using scientific echo-sounders, and (2) quantify how sand lance behavior influences the feeding behaviors and foraging ecology of humpback whales. To measure, in fine detail, the 3-dimensional orientation and movement patterns of humpback whales underwater, we used a multi-sensor tag attached via suction cups (DTAG). We tested the specific hypothesis that the diel movement patterns of sand lance between bottom substrate and the water column correlates to changes between surface and bottom feeding strategies of humpback whales on Stellwagen Bank, MA. We collected over 96 h of both day- and nighttime data from 15 whales in 2006, and recorded 393 surface and 230 bottom feeding events. Individual whales exhibit both surface and bottom feeding behaviors, switching from one to the other in relation to changing light and prey conditions. Surface feeding behaviors were individually variable in their constitution but ubiquitously biased towards daylight hours, when prey was most abundant in the upper portion of the water column. Bottom feeding behavior occurred largely at night, coincident with when sand lance descend to seek refuge in the substrate. Our data provide novel insights into the behavioral ecology of humpback whales and their prey, indicating significant diel patterns in foraging behaviors concurrent with changes in prey behavior. C1 [Friedlaender, Ari S.; Hazen, E. L.; Nowacek, D. P.; Halpin, P. N.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Friedlaender, Ari S.; Hazen, E. L.; Halpin, P. N.] Duke Univ, Marine Geospatial Ecol Lab, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Nowacek, D. P.] Duke Univ, Pratt Sch Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Ware, C.] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Weinrich, M. T.] Whale Ctr New England, Gloucester, MA 01931 USA. [Hurst, T.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Wiley, D.] Stellwagen Bank Natl Marine Sanctuary, Scituate, MA 02066 USA. RP Friedlaender, AS (reprint author), Duke Univ, Marine Lab, 135 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM asf7@duke.edu RI Hazen, Elliott/G-4149-2014 OI Hazen, Elliott/0000-0002-0412-7178 NR 40 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 28 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 395 BP 91 EP 100 DI 10.3354/meps08003 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 541AV UT WOS:000273383900007 ER PT J AU Jagannathan, S Bertsatos, I Symonds, D Chen, TR Nia, HT Jain, AD Andrews, M Gong, Z Nero, R Ngor, L Jech, M Godo, OR Lee, S Ratilal, P Makris, N AF Jagannathan, Srinivasan Bertsatos, Ioannis Symonds, Deanelle Chen, Tianrun Nia, Hadi Tavakoli Jain, Ankita Deepak Andrews, Mark Gong, Zheng Nero, Redwood Ngor, Lena Jech, Mike Godo, Olav Rune Lee, Sunwoong Ratilal, Purnima Makris, Nicholas TI Ocean Acoustic Waveguide Remote Sensing (OAWRS) of marine ecosystems SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Review DE Ecosystem; Acoustic sensing; Instantaneous wide-area; Continuous monitoring; Abundance; Behavior; OAWRS; Remote species classification ID WHITING MICROMESISTIUS-AUSTRALIS; DEPENDENT BENCHMARK PROBLEMS; HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF ENVIRONMENT; POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; CAPELIN MALLOTUS-VILLOSUS; ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA; LONG-RANGE SONAR; ANTARCTIC KRILL; TARGET STRENGTH AB Ocean Acoustic Waveguide Remote Sensing (OAWRS) has recently been shown to be capable of instantaneously imaging and continuously monitoring fish populations over continental shelf-scale areas, covering thousands of km(2). We show how OAWRS can be used in a variety of oceanic ecosystems to remotely assess populations and study the behavior of fish and other marine organisms, such as Antarctic krill, to help the study of marine ecology and the ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management. C1 [Jagannathan, Srinivasan; Bertsatos, Ioannis; Symonds, Deanelle; Chen, Tianrun; Nia, Hadi Tavakoli; Jain, Ankita Deepak; Ngor, Lena; Lee, Sunwoong; Makris, Nicholas] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Andrews, Mark; Gong, Zheng; Ratilal, Purnima] Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Nero, Redwood] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Jech, Mike] NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Godo, Olav Rune] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. RP Makris, N (reprint author), MIT, Dept Mech Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM m.akris@mit.edu RI Gong, Zheng/K-5808-2012; Tavakoli Nia, Hadi/D-6880-2013; OI Nia, Hadi/0000-0003-1970-9901; Godo, Olav Rune/0000-0001-8826-8068 FU Office of Naval Research; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Oceanographic Partnership Program FX This research was supported by the Office of Naval Research, the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, and the National Oceanographic Partnership Program, and is a contribution to the Census of Marine Life. NR 158 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 20 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 395 BP 137 EP 160 DI 10.3354/meps08266 PG 24 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 541AV UT WOS:000273383900011 ER PT J AU Clark, CW Ellison, WT Southall, BL Hatch, L Van Parijs, SM Frankel, A Ponirakis, D AF Clark, Christopher W. Ellison, William T. Southall, Brandon L. Hatch, Leila Van Parijs, Sofie M. Frankel, Adam Ponirakis, Dimitri TI Acoustic masking in marine ecosystems: intuitions, analysis, and implication SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Communication masking; Ambient noise; Acoustic habitat; Communication space; Spatio-temporal variability; Spectral variability; Cumulative effects; Marine mammals; Baleen whales ID BALAENOPTERA-PHYSALUS; ACTIVE SPACE; ANTHROPOGENIC NOISE; BALEEN WHALES; FIN WHALES; MAMMALS; THRESHOLDS; FREQUENCY; BEHAVIOR; PACIFIC AB Acoustic masking from anthropogenic noise is increasingly being considered as a threat to marine mammals, particularly low-frequency specialists such as baleen whales. Low-frequency ocean noise has increased in recent decades, often in habitats with seasonally resident populations of marine mammals, raising concerns that noise chronically influences life histories of individuals and populations. In contrast to physical harm from intense anthropogenic sources, which can have acute impacts on individuals, masking from chronic noise sources has been difficult to quantify at individual or population levels, and resulting effects have been even more difficult to assess. This paper presents an analytical paradigm to quantify changes in an animal's acoustic communication space as a result of spatial, spectral, and temporal changes in background noise, providing a functional definition of communication masking for free-ranging animals and a metric to quantify the potential for communication masking. We use the sonar equation, a combination of modeling and analytical techniques, and measurements from empirical data to calculate time-varying spatial maps of potential communication space for singing fin (Balaenoptera physalus), singing humpback (Megoptera novaeangliae), and calling right (Eubalaena glacialis) whales. These illustrate how the measured loss of communication space as a result of differing levels of noise is converted into a time-varying measure of communication masking. The proposed paradigm and mechanisms for measuring levels of communication masking can be applied to different species, contexts, acoustic habitats and ocean noise scenes to estimate the potential impacts of masking at the individual and population levels. C1 [Clark, Christopher W.; Ponirakis, Dimitri] Cornell Lab Ornithol, Bioacoust Res Program, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Ellison, William T.; Frankel, Adam] Marine Acoust, Middletown, RI 02842 USA. [Southall, Brandon L.] Southall Environm Associates, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Southall, Brandon L.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Hatch, Leila] NOAA, Gerry E Studds Stellwagen Bank Natl Marine Sanctu, Scituate, MA 02066 USA. [Van Parijs, Sofie M.] NOAA Fisheries, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Clark, CW (reprint author), Cornell Lab Ornithol, Bioacoust Res Program, 159 Sapsucker Woods Rd, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM cwc2@cornell.edu FU NOPP-ONR [N00014-07-1-1029]; Commonwealth of Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries; Excelerate Energy; Suez Energy LLC FX CW.C. thanks Roger Payne for his numerous shared insights and our conversations on the topic of large-scale implications of anthropogenic noise on large whale, low-frequency acoustic communication; and George C. Gagnon (Ret. LCR US Navy) for sharing his insights and first-hand knowledge of low-frequency ocean acoustics, and for his unwavering quest for learning more about sound in the ocean. The authors are grateful for publications by or conversations with numerous colleagues, including Moira Brown, Peter Corkeron, Kurt Fristrup, David Kastak, Scott Kraus, Stormy Mayo, Susan Parks, Colleen Reichmuth, W. John Richardson, Rosalind Rolland, and Ronald Schusterman. We acknowledge scientists and staff at Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary and the Northeast Fisheries Science Center, and in particular Michael Thompson and Denise Risch. CW.C. acknowledges the scientists, engineers and staff in the Bioacoustics Research Program at Cornell; particularly Tom Calupca, Robert MacCurdy, and Ildar Urazghildiiev for their assistance with data collection and analysis. David Janiger of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County assisted with the literature search. We thank W. John Richardson and 2 anonymous reviewers for constructive criticism of an earlier version of the manuscript. Funding for the data presented herein was provided under NOPP-ONR Grant #N00014-07-1-1029 and contracts with Commonwealth of Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries, Excelerate Energy and Suez Energy LLC (C.W.C.). NR 82 TC 165 Z9 168 U1 15 U2 129 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 395 BP 201 EP 222 DI 10.3354/meps08402 PG 22 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 541AV UT WOS:000273383900015 ER PT J AU Hatch, LT Fristrup, KM AF Hatch, Leila T. Fristrup, Kurt M. TI No barrier at the boundaries: implementing regional frameworks for noise management in protected natural areas SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Review DE Noise; Ecosystem-based management; National marine sanctuaries; National parks; Environmental impacts; Conservation ID MARINE MAMMALS; RESPONSES; PERSPECTIVE; ENVIRONMENT; ECOSYSTEMS; HELICOPTER; CALIFORNIA; EXPOSURE; ISLAND; PARKS AB We compare the status of regional or ecosystem frameworks for managing airborne and underwater noise sources in the US, with particular emphasis on transportation noise in national marine sanctuaries and national parks. The Organic Act demands that the US National Park Service (NPS) preserve natural and cultural resources unimpaired for future generations, and NPS policies provide explicit guidance for managing acoustical environments to meet this standard. The US Office of National Marine Sanctuaries identifies noise as a threat to sanctuary resources, but does not address how the program should manage noise levels to minimize impacts to wildlife and protect the aesthetic resources within sanctuaries. Methods and results from 2 case studies that address noise management in spatially explicit contexts are highlighted: the Gerry E. Studds Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary and the Grand Canyon National Park. In both case studies, noise generated by transportation networks that extend far beyond protected area boundaries must be managed to conserve local resources. Effective noise control policies must be developed through partnerships among transportation and resource management agencies, surmounting differences in their missions, professional cultures, and historical precedents. Four collective approaches for managing noise in protected natural areas emerge from this analysis: (1) investing in monitoring programs and data management; (2) expanding the resolution and scope of impact assessment tools; (3) enhancing coordination and the governance structure; and (4) engaging and educating US citizens regarding the benefits of quieting. C1 [Hatch, Leila T.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Gerry E Studds Stellwagen Bank Natl Marine Sanctu, Scituate, MA 02066 USA. [Fristrup, Kurt M.] Nat Sounds Program Ctr, Natl Pk Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Hatch, LT (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Gerry E Studds Stellwagen Bank Natl Marine Sanctu, 175 Edward Foster Rd, Scituate, MA 02066 USA. EM leila.hatch@noaa.gov NR 111 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 20 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 395 BP 223 EP 244 DI 10.3354/meps07945 PG 22 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 541AV UT WOS:000273383900016 ER PT J AU Rozas, LP Minello, TJ AF Rozas, Lawrence P. Minello, Thomas J. TI Using nekton growth as a metric for assessing habitat restoration by marsh terracing SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Growth; Penaeid shrimp; Field experiment; Marsh terracing; Restoration ID SHRIMP LITOPENAEUS-SETIFERUS; JUVENILE BLUE CRABS; GRASS SHRIMP; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; PALAEMONETES-PUGIO; GALVESTON BAY; SALT-MARSH; RED DRUM; SUBTIDAL MACROBENTHOS; SCIAENOPS-OCELLATUS AB We conducted field growth experiments to evaluate marsh-terracing restoration in Galveston Bay, Texas (USA). Growth rates were compared for selected species held in mesocosms for similar to 7 d within 4 habitat type treatments: terrace marsh edge (TerM), terrace pond (TerP), reference marsh edge (RefM), and reference pond (RefP). Environmental variables were measured during each experiment, and values measured inside the experimental mesocosms generally tracked outside values. Mean daily growth rates were 0.7 to 1.9 mm (30 to 143 mg) for brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus aztecus, 0.4 to 1.2 mm (8 to 67 mg) for white shrimp Litopenaeus setiferus, 0.3 to 0.6 mm (15 to 194 mg) for blue crab Callinectes sapidus, and 0.1 to 0.4 mm (0.3 to 3 mg) for daggerblade grass shrimp Palaemonetes pugio. No difference was detected in growth rates among treatments for blue crab and daggerblade grass shrimp. White shrimp growth rates in August 2002 were higher in TerP than RefP, and in October 2002, were higher in RefP than TerM. Brown shrimp grew more rapidly in RefM than TerM in early May 2003, but mean growth rates were similar in both habitat types later in May 2003, and significantly lower than growth rates in RefP and TerP. Even though growth rates were not consistently higher in terrace habitat types, production rates may be higher in terrace fields than over shallow non-vegetated bottom (the habitat type replaced by marsh terracing); much higher densities of fishery species in terrace habitats more than compensate for occasionally lower growth rates there. However, our production rates should be used cautiously, because we did not include mortality rates in these estimates. We recommend using a combination of different metrics, including mortality rate, to assess secondary productivity of marsh terracing or other restoration projects. C1 [Rozas, Lawrence P.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, Estuarine Habitats & Coastal Fisheries Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Minello, Thomas J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Galveston Lab, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. RP Rozas, LP (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries Serv, Estuarine Habitats & Coastal Fisheries Ctr, 646 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM lawrence.rozas@noaa.gov FU NOAA Restoration Center; NOAA Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center FX This research was conducted through the NOAA Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center by personnel from the Fishery Ecology Branch (FEB) located at the Galveston Laboratory and the Estuarine Habitats and Coastal Fisheries Center in Lafayette, Louisiana. The assistance of everyone in the FEB was essential for the successful completion of this project. In particular, we thank H. Clinton, M. Dillender, J. Ditty, J. Doerr, S. Hillen, J. Kernan, K. Kilfoyle, G. Miller, F. Nix, M. Prine, J. Salas, K. Turner, K. Williams, and E. Wilson for helping to collect and process samples. P. Caldwell constructed Fig. I and M. Kimball Figs. 3, 5 and 6. R. Baker provided assistance in the data analysis. We acknowledge the NOAA Restoration Center and NOAA Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center for funding this research project. We thank 2 anonymous reviewers who offered suggestions that improved the original manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the NOAA Fisheries Service. NR 54 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 14 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 394 BP 179 EP 193 DI 10.3354/meps08274 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 535KA UT WOS:000272965900013 ER PT J AU McDonald, BI Goebel, ME Crocker, DE Tremblay, Y Costa, DP AF McDonald, Birgitte I. Goebel, Michael E. Crocker, Daniel E. Tremblay, Yann Costa, Daniel P. TI Effects of maternal traits and individual behavior on the foraging strategies and provisioning rates of an income breeder, the Antarctic fur seal SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Diving behavior; Energy allocation; Individual effects; Pinniped; Antarctic fur seal ID ARCTOCEPHALUS-GAZELLA PUPS; AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; DIVING BEHAVIOR; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; CALLORHINUS-URSINUS; GROWTH EFFICIENCY; AMSTERDAM ISLAND; MACQUARIE ISLAND; SEASONAL-CHANGES AB The ability of an animal to acquire energy will affect its allocation to offspring and will ultimately influence fitness. This study investigated the relative influence of maternal traits, seasonal demands of pup-rearing, and individual effects on the foraging behavior of 27 female Antarctic fur seals Arctocephalus gazella at Cape Shirreff, Livingston Island, Antarctica during 2 austral summers (2005 and 2006), using time depth recorders, The relationship between foraging and allocation was investigated using pup growth as an indicator of parental investment. While female diving behavior differed between years, trip duration was below the 10 yr mean and did not differ between the 2 years of the study, indicating favorable feeding conditions in both years. Study year and maternal age accounted for a significant amount of the variation in day and night dive characteristics, while maternal mass influenced only parameters related to night dive effort. As the season progressed, females increased their dive effort at night, made shorter daytime dives, with more bout diving. Individual variability accounted for a significant amount of the variation in all foraging parameters. Females could be assigned to one of 4 behavioral dive groups (high effort, low effort, intermediate effort with high dive rate, and intermediate effort), based on 13 dive parameters although year instrumented and age appeared to be important in determining group affiliation, Age, mass, year, and trip number influenced diving behavior; however, there was no relationship between foraging behavior and pup growth rate, except in young females. C1 [McDonald, Birgitte I.; Tremblay, Yann; Costa, Daniel P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Goebel, Michael E.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. [Crocker, Daniel E.] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Biol, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. RP McDonald, BI (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM mcdonald@biology.ucsc.edu FU US AMLR program; National Science Foundation; Raytheon Polar Services; NSF OPP; United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) FX We thank all those who assisted with the collection and analysis of the data, in particular C. Champagne, R. Haner, P. Robinson, and S. Seganti. Logistical support was provided by the US AMLR program, the National Science Foundation US Antarctic Program and Raytheon Polar Services. This research was funded by the US AMLR program and NSF OPP grant #0440687 to D.P.C, D.E.C., & M.E.G. B.I.M. was supported by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Graduate Fellowship Program and a NSF graduate fellowship. EPA has not officially endorsed this publication, and the views expressed herein may not reflect the views of the EPA. Animal use was completed under National Marine Fisheries Service permit #774-1649. All procedures were approved by the University of California, Santa Cruz, Animal Use Committee. NR 67 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 14 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 394 BP 277 EP 288 DI 10.3354/meps08308 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 535KA UT WOS:000272965900021 ER PT J AU Kuhn, CE Johnson, DS Ream, RR Gelatt, TS AF Kuhn, Carey E. Johnson, Devin S. Ream, Rolf R. Gelatt, Thomas S. TI Advances in the tracking of marine species: using GPS locations to evaluate satellite track data and a continuous-time movement model SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Movement patterns; At-sea behaviour; GPS tracking; Correlated random walk ID ANTARCTIC FUR SEALS; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS; KERGUELEN ARCHIPELAGO; ELEPHANT SEALS; TURTLES; TELEMETRY; PREDATOR; HABITAT; PENGUINS AB Argos satellite tracking provides information about the large-scale movements of marine species, but the limitations in position accuracy and frequency make it difficult to interpret fine-scale behaviour. With Fastloc global positioning system (GPS) technology, it is now possible to overcome these limitations when tracking diving marine species. We compared differences among archived GPS (GPS), transmitted GPS (GPS-t) and Argos satellite (PTT) tracks acquired simultaneously on 30 northern fur seals Callorhinus ursinus. We examined times and distances between locations, as well as overall trip characteristics (e.g. distance traveled and transit rate). The GPS data were also used to test the accuracy of a continuous-time correlated random walk model created to cope with the spatial error and gap times associated with PTT locations. Significantly more GPS locations per day were acquired than PTT locations (31.6 +/- 1.9 vs. 12.0 +/- 0.3, respectively), and the GPS locations were more evenly distributed along the track. The influence of data type (GPS, GPS-t, PTT) varied based on the parameter measured, ranging from different among all (e.g. average transit rate) to no significant difference (e.g. maximum distance traveled). Modeling of both PTT and GPS-t data resulted in tracks with over 79% of predicted locations less than 5 km from the GPS location (average location error: 3.2 +/- 0.1 and 1.7 +/- 0.1 km, respectively). This study demonstrates the added benefit of using GPS to track marine species, as well as how and when modeled PTT data may be sufficient to address study questions. C1 [Kuhn, Carey E.; Johnson, Devin S.; Ream, Rolf R.; Gelatt, Thomas S.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Kuhn, CE (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM carey.kuhn@noaa.gov FU National Research Council Research FX This research was conducted under Marine Mammal Protection Act permit number 782-1708-04. We thank J. Baker, K. Call, C. Dorr, B. Fadely, E. Kunisch, K. Sweeney, J. Thomason, R. Towell, and T. Zeppelin for assistance with field research and logistical support. Exceptional veterinary support was provided by D. DeGhetto and F. Nutter. J. London, H. Mostman-Liwanag, and M. Rutishauser offered helpful comments on previous drafts. This research was performed while C.E.K. held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Alaska Fisheries Science Center's National Marine Mammal Laboratory (NOAA). Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 55 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 30 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 393 BP 97 EP 109 DI 10.3354/meps08229 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 525BJ UT WOS:000272187800009 ER PT J AU Nye, JA Link, JS Hare, JA Overholtz, WJ AF Nye, Janet A. Link, Jason S. Hare, Jonathan A. Overholtz, William J. TI Changing spatial distribution of fish stocks in relation to climate and population size on the Northeast United States continental shelf SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation; Climate change; Biogeography; Center of biomass; Northeast United States continental shelf; Distribution; Area-abundance relationships ID ATLANTIC-OCEAN; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; BATHYMETRIC TRENDS; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; COD RECRUITMENT; REGIME SHIFT; GEORGES BANK; EAST-COAST; SEA COD; RESPONSES AB We tested the hypothesis that recent oceanographic changes associated with climate change in the Northeast United States continental shelf ecosystem have caused a change in spatial distribution of marine fish. To do this, we analyzed temporal trends from 1968 to 2007 in the mean center of biomass, mean depth, mean temperature of occurrence, and area occupied in each of 36 fish stocks, Temporal trends in distribution were compared to time series of both local-and large-scale environmental variables, as well as estimates of survey abundance, Many stocks spanning several taxonomic groups, life-history strategies, and rates of fishing exhibited a poleward shift in their center of biomass, most with a simultaneous increase in depth, and a few with a concomitant expansion of their northern range. However, distributional changes were highly dependent on the biogeography of each species. Stocks located in the southern extent of the survey area exhibited much greater poleward shifts in center of biomass and some occupied habitats at increasingly greater depths. In contrast, minimal changes in the center of biomass were observed in stocks with distributions limited to the Gulf of Maine, but mean depth of these stocks increased while stock size decreased. Large-scale temperature increase and changes in circulation, represented by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, was the most important factor associated with shifts in the mean center of biomass. Stock size was more often correlated with the total area occupied by each species. These changes in spatial distribution of fish stocks are likely to persist such that stock structure should be re-evaluated for some species. C1 [Nye, Janet A.; Link, Jason S.; Overholtz, William J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Hare, Jonathan A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Nye, JA (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole Lab, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM janet.nye@noaa.gov FU NOAA NMFS Fisheries; Environment (FATE) FX This work was supported by a NOAA NMFS Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) grant. We thank all those who participated in the NEFSC bottom trawl survey. We thank M. Fogarty, K. Friedland, D. Hart, L. Jacobson, C. Keith, R. McBride, and M. Taylor for thoughtful comments on this work. NR 66 TC 221 Z9 223 U1 11 U2 100 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 393 BP 111 EP 129 DI 10.3354/meps08220 PG 19 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 525BJ UT WOS:000272187800010 ER PT J AU Sydeman, WJ Bograd, SJ AF Sydeman, William J. Bograd, Steven J. TI Marine ecosystems, climate and phenology: introduction SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Abundance; Match-mismatch; Ocean warming; Plankton; Prey; Seabirds; Timing ID MATCH-MISMATCH; OCEAN; SEA; ZOOPLANKTON; SHIFTS AB Mid to high-latitude marine ecosystems are characterized by strong intra-seasonal variability in productivity across multiple trophic levels. It is understood that climate variability, as well as projected climate change, is likely to cause substantial changes in the timing of key seasonal events, such as the spring phytoplankton bloom, dates of diapause for zooplankton, or nesting dates in seabirds. However, it is not well known how changes in timing across multiple trophic levels will impact predator-prey relationships. Several mechanistic hypotheses have been put forth to explain changes in fish production in relation to phenological variability of prey, including Cushing's (1990; Adv Mar Biol 26:249-293) 'match-mismatch' hypothesis, yet there have been few tests of these ideas relative to ongoing oceanographic change. In this Theme Section, we present 9 papers that relate ocean climate variability and climate change to timing of key events for zooplankton, fish, and seabirds from northern hemisphere marine ecosystems. They cover phenological variability and consequences of timing changes for species of the California Current, Gulf of Alaska, NE Atlantic Ocean, Arctic Ocean and northern Japan Sea, all cold-water ecosystems, and highlight the importance of phenology as a key response variable, as well as the complexity of ecological relationships to be impacted by marine climate change. Multi-trophic level changes in phenology of species abundance and productivity are likely to have important consequences to marine ecosystem structure and function. C1 [Sydeman, William J.] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94975 USA. [Bograd, Steven J.] NOAA NMFS, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Sydeman, WJ (reprint author), Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, POB 750756, Petaluma, CA 94975 USA. EM wsydeman@comcast.net NR 31 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 11 U2 53 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 393 BP 185 EP 188 DI 10.3354/meps08382 PG 4 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 525BJ UT WOS:000272187800015 ER PT J AU Schroeder, ID Sydeman, WJ Sarkar, N Thompson, SA Bograd, SJ Schwing, FB AF Schroeder, Isaac D. Sydeman, William J. Sarkar, Nandita Thompson, Sarah Ann Bograd, Steven J. Schwing, Franklin B. TI Winter pre-conditioning of seabird phenology in the California Current SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Cassin's auklet; Common murre; California current; Phenology; Upwelling; Winter; Ecosystem indicator ID AUKLET PTYCHORAMPHUS-ALEUTICUS; CASSINS AUKLET; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CURRENT SYSTEM; OCEAN CLIMATE; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; EUPHAUSIA-PACIFICA; TOP PREDATORS; WIND EVENTS; VARIABILITY AB Climate change is predicted to affect the phasing and amplitude of upwelling in eastern boundary current marine ecosystems, Effects may be strongest during the spring or summer 'upwelling season,' but may also be influential during winter before the spring transition. We tested the hypothesis that wintertime environmental forcing 'pre-conditions' the ecosystem and affects the timing and success of breeding in 2 species of seabird, Cassin's auklet Ptychoramphus aleuticus and common murre Uria aalge, reproducing in the central California Current. Time series of the mean and variance of egg-laying dates were correlated with regional winds and sea surface temperature, which were used as proxies for the forcing and oceanic response of coastal upwelling, respectively. Winter proxies of upwelling were the most significant determinants of seabird reproductive phenology, with anomalously strong upwelling in January to March leading to earlier dates of egg-laying in both species. We hypothesized that anomalous (early) winter upwelling, even of weak magnitude or short duration, could seed the region with sufficient nutrients to enhance productivity and prey availability, leading to a healthier adult breeding population and an earlier start to the breeding season. The magnitude of the previous year's November winds were also positively correlated with the variance of egg-laying dates for the common murre, with upwelling-favorable winds leading to greater synchrony in egg-laying. We conclude that winter environmental conditions are important determinants of ecosystem dynamics in the California Current, and that seabird phenology is a particularly useful ecosystem indicator. C1 [Schroeder, Isaac D.; Sarkar, Nandita; Bograd, Steven J.; Schwing, Franklin B.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Sydeman, William J.; Thompson, Sarah Ann] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. [Sydeman, William J.] Bodega Bay Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. RP Schroeder, ID (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, 1352 Lighthouse Ave, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM isaac.schroeder@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program; California Ocean Protection Council and California Sea [R/OPCENV-07] FX This paper was first presented at the Topic Session on 'Phenology and climate change in the North Pacific: Implications of variability in the timing of zooplankton production to fish, seabirds, marine mammals and fisheries (hurnans)' on 2 November 2007 at the 16th Annual Meeting of PICES in Victoria, Canada. Data collected and maintained by PRBO in collaboration with the USFWS are available; for updated information contact J. Jahncke Ujahncke@prbo.org) and/or R. Bradley (rbradley@prbo.org). We thank PRBO and USFWS for data contributions to this project. The wind data were acquired from NOAA's National Climatic Data Center, via their website w-ww.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/rsad/blendedseawinds.html. The SST Pathfinder version 5.0 SST data set was produced by NOAA I NESDIS I NODC and the University of Miami. Funding for this analysis and write-up was provided by NOAA's Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program and the California Ocean Protection Council and California Sea Grant under grant R/OPCENV-07 entitled 'Tackling Climate Change and Ecological Complexity: Matches and Mismatches in the Seasonal Cycle of California's Marine Flora and Fauna'. This is Farallon Institute contribution no. 002, and contribution no. 2467 of the Bodega Marine Laboratory. NR 54 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 19 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 393 BP 211 EP 223 DI 10.3354/meps08103 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 525BJ UT WOS:000272187800018 ER PT J AU Carreiro-Silva, M McClanahan, TR Kiene, WE AF Carreiro-Silva, M. McClanahan, T. R. Kiene, W. E. TI Effects of inorganic nutrients and organic matter on microbial euendolithic community composition and microbioerosion rates SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Calcium carbonate balance; Coral reefs; Microbial euendoliths; Nitrogen; Pollution; Phosphorus; Water quality ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; PARROTFISH SCARUS-VETULA; CORAL-REEFS; GLOVERS REEF; SPARISOMA-VIRIDE; FRENCH-POLYNESIA; CARBONATE SUBSTRATUM; TERRESTRIAL RUNOFF; ELEVATED NITROGEN; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS AB Closed cages were used in Glovers Atoll, Belize to test the effects of organic matter (OM) and inorganic nutrient (N + P) additions on microbial euendolithic communities (bacteria, fungi, and algae) and their rates of bioerosion of Strombus gigas shells during a 49 d fertilization experiment. We hypothesized that the addition of OM would release heterotrophic microborers from C-limitation and at the same time reduce light levels for euendolithic microalgae, thus changing the microborers' community composition and their bioerosion rates. The addition of OM increased the abundance of heterotrophs (particularly fungi), but only when OM was added alone, not when it was combined with inorganic nutrients. In contrast, both cyanobacteria and green algae were stimulated by the addition of inorganic nutrients, but were not affected by OM; these taxa were 4 times more abundant in treatments with inorganic nutrients than in control and OM treatments. Green algae dominated the control, N + P and N + P + OM treatments (77 to 87% green algae, 6 to 8% cyanobacteria, 4 to 16 heterotrophs), whereas in the OM treatment, heterotrophs represented nearly 50% of the total area colonized (52% green algae, 4% cyanobacteria, 44% heterotrophs). Bioerosion rates in treatments with added inorganic nutrients (396 g CaCO3 m(-2) yr(-1) in the N + P treatment and 330 g CaCO3 m(-2) yr(-1) in the N + P + OM treatment) were 9-fold greater than bioerosion rates in the control and OM treatments (43 and 48 g CaCO3 m(-2) yr(-1), respectively), and were not affected by OM addition. We conclude that inorganic nutrients are a major factor controlling the microbioerosion rates and the abundance of euendolithis algae over fungi in carbonate substrata. Microborers act in synergy with the grazers that feed on them and with macroborers that increase the internal surfaces available for microborers to colonize. As a result, increased nutrients can initiate a feedback loop where bioerosion processes reinforce one another, leading to accelerated erosion of the reef framework. C1 [Carreiro-Silva, M.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [McClanahan, T. R.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Marine Programs, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [Kiene, W. E.] NOAA, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries SE Gulf Mexico & Cari, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. RP Carreiro-Silva, M (reprint author), Univ Acores, Dept Oceanog & Pescas, P-9901862 Horta, Portugal. EM mcsilva@uac.pt RI Carreiro-Silva, Marina/N-7007-2013; OI Carreiro-Silva, Marina/0000-0001-6446-6342; McClanahan, Timothy/0000-0001-5821-3584 FU Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS); Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Portugal; European Social Fund [SFRH/BD/789/2000, SFRH/BPD/34634/2007] FX This research received financial support from the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) (T.R.M.), the Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Portugal, and the European Social Fund under the III Communitary Support Board (M.C.S., SFRH/BD/789/2000 and SFRH/BPD/34634/2007). We are grateful to the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History and I. McIntyre and D. Dean for their assistance in preparing samples. S. Jones, R. Steneck, and B. Cokos assisted with the conch shells, cages, and fixing samples. L. W. Douglass provided statistical advice. The thoughtful comments of J. A. Mihursky and V. S. Kennedy improved earlier versions of this manuscript. Permission to undertake the work was provided by the Belize Fisheries Department. This is publication number 33 of the Glovers Reef Research Station. NR 80 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 19 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 392 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.3354/meps08251 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 520GD UT WOS:000271828700001 ER PT J AU Wilson, MT AF Wilson, Matthew T. TI Ecology of small neritic fishes in the western Gulf of Alaska. I. Geographic distribution in relation to prey density and the physical environment SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Walleye pollock; Capelin; Eulachon; Zooplankton; Population density; Body size ID JUVENILE WALLEYE POLLOCK; CAPELIN MALLOTUS-VILLOSUS; EDDY-RESOLVING MODEL; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; SHELIKOF-STRAIT; NORTHERN GULF; COASTAL CURRENT; BARENTS SEA; OF-ALASKA; ABUNDANCE AB Physical heterogeneity affects the geographic structure of coastal ocean ecosystems by influencing the spatial distribution of zooplankton and their nektonic predators. This was examined in the western Gulf of Alaska (GOA) during late summer (2000, 2001, and 2003) when seasonal increases in the Alaska Coastal Current flow and additions of Age-0 fishes to the nektonic community of small neritic fishes coincided with declining zooplankton abundance. The 48-site sampling grid was divided into 5 meso-scale areas based on physical condition (temperature, salinity, net current velocity). Larval crabs and fishes, and krill were the only zooplankton taxa for which the population density consistently differed by area regardless of diel period (day, night) or year. Larval crabs and fishes concentrated near shore in warm, low-salinity water. Krill concentrated in high-flow areas, which, over the shelf, were associated with sea valleys. Dominant fishes were walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma, capelin Mallotus villosus, and eulachon Thaleichthys pacificus. Few fish occurred beyond the shelf in the cold, swift-flowing Alaskan Stream boundary current, Over the shelf, Age-1+ walleye pollock and eulachon aggregated with krill in high-flow areas. Smaller fishes (Age-0 walleye pollock and capelin) were more variably distributed, and were not well associated with taxon-specific zooplankton densities. Thus, relatively high flow in proximity to sea valleys was associated with concentrations of krill and fishes that presumably were able to efficiently forage on krill in high-flow areas. The year-to-year consistency in patterns is a noteworthy indication that geographic structure in the coastal GOA ecosystem may resist climate forcing. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Wilson, MT (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM matt.wilson@noaa.gov FU Sea Lion Research Initiative [02FF-04]; North Pacific Research Board [R0308] FX J. Napp and K. Bailey provided program support and helped guide the scope of this project. K. Mier provided much statistical advice and assistance. A. Dougherty, and S. Porter provided much at-sea and in-laboratory assistance. B. Rugen and C. Harpold helped prepare the plankton data for analyses. A. Hermann and L. Dobbins kindly provided and discussed SPEM output. Thanks also to the captain and crew of the NOAA ship 'Miller Freeman'. J. Clark, the AFSC Research Fishing Gear Program, and the MACE Program provided gear. Comments from M. Dorn, J. Duffy-Anderson, L. Logerwell, S. Picquelle, J. Napp, the AFSC Publications Unit, and 5 anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. This research is Contribution Eco-FOCI-R686 to NOAA's Ecosystems and Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations, and (NPRB) Publ. No. 228 to North Pacific Research Board. Support for this research was provided by the Sea Lion Research Initiative (Grant No. 02FF-04), and the North Pacific Research Board (Grant No. R0308). NR 49 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 17 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 392 BP 223 EP 237 DI 10.3354/meps08160 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 520GD UT WOS:000271828700019 ER PT J AU Wilson, MT Jump, CM Buchheister, A AF Wilson, Matthew T. Jump, Christina M. Buchheister, Andre TI Ecology of small neritic fishes in the western Gulf of Alaska. II. Consumption of krill in relation to krill standing stock and the physical environment SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Walleye pollock; Capelin; Eulachon; Diet; Geographic variability ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; AGE-0 WALLEYE POLLOCK; VANCOUVER-ISLAND; BERING-SEA; MERLUCCIUS-PRODUCTUS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; THYSANOESSA-INERMIS; MALLOTUS-VILLOSUS; NORTHERN GULF; BARENTS SEA AB Krill (Euphausiacea) is a patchily distributed taxon whose availability may limit neritic fishes in temperate oceans. In the western Gulf of Alaska, krill-fish aggregations were associated with high-flow areas over the shelf. We examined fish impacts on krill standing stocks in areas of different temperature, salinity, and net current velocity. Samples were collected during September 2000, 2001, and 2003 over a 48-site grid within a known walleye pollock nursery. Krill were a dietary staple of the dominant fishes: walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma, capelin Mallotus villosus, and eulachon Thaleichthys pacificus, but their proportion in diets varied by predator species and predator length. Predators daily consumed <= 12% of standing stocks; thus, krill appeared to be amply available. However, the krill consumed by eulachon and large (>120 mm) walleye pollock were, on average, large compared to krill in plankton samples; therefore, standing stock sizes might have been overestimated by including small krill. A compensatory response in consumption occurred during 2001 in proximity to the Shelikof sea valley due to increased per capita predation rates and local concentration of Age-1+ walleye pollock and eulachon. High abundance of krill in 2001 was associated with high ocean current flow. No compensatory response was observed where local standing stocks were dominated by small krill. Thus, apparent bottom-up influences of ocean currents on krill abundance in neritic areas can be partly compensated by localized top-down predation from nektonic fishes having prey size preferences that match available prey sizes. C1 [Wilson, Matthew T.; Jump, Christina M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Buchheister, Andre] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Wilson, MT (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM matt.wilson@noaa.gov FU Sea Lion Research Initiative [2001-121, 02FF-04]; NPRB [R0308] FX J. Napp and K. Bailey provided program support and helped guide the scope of this project. K. Mier provided statistical assistance. A. Dougherty helped process samples in the laboratory. Thanks also to the captain and crew of the NOAA ship 'Miller Freeman'. J. Clark, the AFSC Research Fishing Gear Program, and the MACE Program provided gear. The manuscript was improved by comments from T. Buckley, J. Duffy-Anderson, J. Napp, S. Picquelle, the AFSC Publications Unit, and 5 anonymous reviewers. This research is Contribution EcoFOCI-R687 to NOAA's Ecosystems and Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations, and North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) Publ. No. 229. The project was supported by grants from the Sea Lion Research Initiative (Grant Nos. 2001-121 and 02FF-04) and the NPRB (Grant No. R0308). NR 34 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 11 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 392 BP 239 EP 251 DI 10.3354/meps08237 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 520GD UT WOS:000271828700020 ER PT J AU Herman, DP Ylitalo, GM Robbins, J Straley, JM Gabriele, CM Clapham, PJ Boyer, RH Tilbury, KL Pearce, RW Krahn, MM AF Herman, David P. Ylitalo, Gina M. Robbins, Jooke Straley, Janice M. Gabriele, Christine M. Clapham, Phillip J. Boyer, Richard H. Tilbury, Karen L. Pearce, Ronald W. Krahn, Margaret M. TI Age determination of humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae rough blubber fatty acid compositions of biopsy samples SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Humpback whale; Megaptera novaeangliae; Ageing; Blubber; Biopsy sampling; Fatty acids; Northwest Atlantic; North Pacific ID BALAENOPTERA-PHYSALUS; AMMODYTES-AMERICANUS; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; KILLER WHALES; SOUTHERN GULF; ORCINUS-ORCA; FIN WHALE; GROWTH; MAINE; RACEMIZATION AB The ability to determine the age of individual humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae and estimate population age distributions is fundamental to assessments of status and long-term viability. Existing methods of ageing large whales rely either on limited longitudinal sighting studies of individual whales from their year of birth, or on post-mortem procedures to extract tissues suitable for determining age. Here we describe a potential method for ageing live free-ranging humpback whales using low-impact biopsy sampling techniques. Shallow outer-blubber samples were obtained from known-age whales from 2 distinct populations (North Atlantic, Gulf of Maine, n = 39; North Pacific, Southeast Alaska, n = 3 1), and analyzed for their fatty acid (FA) compositions. Multilinear FA-age models were derived for these known-age whales, and serve as the basis from which the age of unknown-age whales can be estimated. Four FA-age models were developed; one for each humpback population analyzed separately, and an additional 2 by combining both populations into a single dataset and deriving models based on 'exact' and 'exact' plus 'minimum' known-age whales independently. Each of these empirical models was based on a linear combination of 2 FA ratios rather than individual FA compositions, and shown to be largely independent of sex, diet and nutritional status, Although the precision (a) of these models was somewhat variable (ranging between 3.1 and 5.3 yr for the specific populations modeled), the results suggest that it may be possible to estimate the age of individual humpback whales from any population with better than decadal resolution using this approach. C1 [Herman, David P.; Ylitalo, Gina M.; Boyer, Richard H.; Tilbury, Karen L.; Pearce, Ronald W.; Krahn, Margaret M.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Robbins, Jooke] Provincetown Ctr Coastal Studies, Provincetown, MA 02657 USA. [Straley, Janice M.] Univ Alaska SE, Sitka, AK 99835 USA. [Gabriele, Christine M.] Glacier Bay Natl Pk & Preserve, Gustavus, AK 99826 USA. [Clapham, Phillip J.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Herman, DP (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM david.herman@noaa.gov FU Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program of NOAA Fisheries FX We greatly appreciate the technical assistance of D. Burrows, D. Boyd and J. Bolton of the Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC) in map creation, sample processing and QC data management procedures, respectively. Thanks also to B. Reichert and K. Peck of NWFSC for their careful review of this manuscript. We also thank the following individuals for their assistance in securing data used in this study: D. Mattila, L. Baraff, C. Carlson, C. Elfes, A. Kennedy, P. Kamath, J. Jarzobski, S. Landry and E. Lyman who contributed to field and cataloguing efforts in the GOM; P. Palsboll and M. Berube who conducted molecular genetic sexing of GOM samples; F. Wenzel and R. Pace for providing access to Northeast Fisheries Science Center West Indies samples from the MONAH project; S. Lewis, H. Riley, and J. Neilson for collecting biopsy samples in SEAK; F. Gulland for expert assistance in the necropsies of GBNP-Mn-2001 and GBNP-MnA-2004; A. Jensen and E. Lyman of NOAA for blubber sample collection of Mn-071307; C. Lockyer and H. Kato for performing the ear plug GLG counts for GBNP-Mn-2001 and J. Neilson and J. Cedarleaf for maintaining accurate sighting histories of whales in the SEAK catalog. We are grateful for the funding support of T.K. Rowles from the Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program of NOAA Fisheries; and to the North Pacific basin wide study of humpback whales SPLASH (Structure of Populations, Levels of Abundance and Status of Humpbacks) for funding for data collected in 2004 and 2005 in SEAK. Humpback whale research was conducted under one of the following tissue sample and/or data collection permits: NMFS Permit #932-1489-07; NMFS Permit #633-1483; the authorization of the Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada. SEAK data were collected under numerous NMFS Scientific Research Permits issued to J. Straley and Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve from 1979 to present. NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 20 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 392 BP 277 EP 293 DI 10.3354/meps08249 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 520GD UT WOS:000271828700023 ER PT J AU Newton, KM Croll, DA Nevins, HM Benson, SR Harvey, JT Tershy, BR AF Newton, Kelly M. Croll, Donald A. Nevins, Hannahrose M. Benson, Scott R. Harvey, James T. Tershy, Bernie R. TI At-sea mortality of seabirds based on beachcast and offshore surveys SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Seabirds at-sea; Beached bird survey; Density; Mortality; Sooty shearwater; Common murre ID BEACHED BIRD SURVEYS; MARINE OIL POLLUTION; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; MONTEREY BAY; ABUNDANCE; SUMMER; SYSTEM; ISLAND; RATES; WATER AB Although seabird population biology is relatively well studied, little data exists on mortality at-sea. Beached bird surveys are used to identify patterns of seabird mortality, but resulting patterns are difficult to interpret without corresponding data on at-sea density. We examined seabird mortality relative to at-sea density in Monterey Bay, California over 10 yr by integrating data from monthly beachcast seabird and offshore seabird censuses. Beachcast seabird numbers were relatively constant (mean 2.82 +/- 0.31 seabirds km(-1)) throughout the year. At-sea seabird density (mean 148.9 +/- 16.12 seabirds km(-2)) peaked in the summer upwelling period and was least in the winter Davidson period. A principal components analysis of seasonal climatic, prey availability, and anthropogenic variables for Monterey Bay derived 3 significant principal components (PCs) (explaining 70% of variance) characterized by storm activity and low prey availability (PC1), river discharge and krill abundance (PC2), and oiling (PC3). These principal components were used in detailed analyses of the 2 most abundant seabird species and indicate that sooty shearwater Puffinus griseus relative mortality is greatest during decreased productivity and increased storm activity. While relative mortality of common murres Uria aalge cannot be explained by the derived principal components, relative mortality increased in late winter when prey availability decreased concurrent with the annual increase in reproductive stress. Beachcast seabird data is difficult to interpret in isolation; however, when linked to at-sea densities of seabirds, it becomes a powerful tool to examine the relative impacts of oceanography and direct human perturbations on seabird demography. C1 [Newton, Kelly M.; Croll, Donald A.; Tershy, Bernie R.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Ocean Hlth, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Nevins, Hannahrose M.; Harvey, James T.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Benson, Scott R.] NOAA Fisheries, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. RP Newton, KM (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Ocean Hlth, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM newton.kelly@gmail.com FU Center for Integrated Marine Technology, University of California, Santa Cruz through NOAA [NA160C2936]; California Department of Fish and Game's Oil Spill Response Trust Fund; University of California; Monterey Bay Sanctuary Foundation [SC-06-55] FX We would thank the hundreds of BeachCOMBERS and Wind to Whales volunteers who have spent countless hours collecting the seabird data. We thank the crew of the RV 'John H. Martin' for their logistical support. P. Raimondi, K. Forney, R. Kudela, B. Marinovic, and J. Carretta provided data and insight on statistical analyses and environmental variables. The BeachCOMBERS project is funded by the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary (to J.T.H.). Additional funding for this project was provided by the Center for Integrated Marine Technology, University of California, Santa Cruz through NOAA grant NA160C2936, the California Department of Fish and Game's Oil Spill Response Trust Fund through the Oiled Wildlife Care Network at the Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis award number 99123942, and the Monterey Bay Sanctuary Foundation award number SC-06-55. NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 15 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 392 BP 295 EP 305 DI 10.3354/meps08152 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 520GD UT WOS:000271828700024 ER PT J AU Bacheler, NM Bailey, KM Ciannelli, L Bartolino, V Chan, KS AF Bacheler, Nathan M. Bailey, Kevin M. Ciannelli, Lorenzo Bartolino, Valerio Chan, Kung-Sik TI Density-dependent, landscape, and climate effects on spawning distribution of walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Reproduction; Spatial distribution; Generalized additive models; Gulf of Alaska; Density dependence; Recruitment ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; SHELIKOF-STRAIT; REPRODUCTIVE-BEHAVIOR; STOCHASTIC-PROCESSES; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; CLASS STRENGTH; WESTERN GULF; FISH; RECRUITMENT; ALASKA AB Little is known about the ways in which density-dependent and density-independent factors influence the spatial dynamics of fish spawning, despite their importance for egg and larval development, survival, and, ultimately, recruitment. Using 2 novel approaches, we related the spatial and temporal patterns of 28 yr of walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma egg data in Shelikof Strait, Alaska, USA, to density-dependent, landscape, and climate effects. First, we used a spatially explicit variable coefficient generalized additive model (GAM) to show that spawning biomass, water temperature, and ocean transport each had unique spatial effects on walleye pollock egg density. Specifically, increased spawning biomass had a positive effect on egg density at the periphery of the core spawning area, inferring spawning area expansion at high spawning biomass and contraction at low levels. Moreover, increased Shelikof Strait transport caused pollock egg density to increase at the downstream edge of the core spawning area and decrease at the upstream edge. To test the validity of the variable coefficient GAM we also used a geometric method that related the area and center of mass of the pollock spawning aggregation to spawning biomass, transport, and temperature in annual time steps. The area of the spawning aggregation was positively related to spawning biomass, but not to transport or temperature. Variable coefficient GAMs are a useful tool to disentangle the spatially explicit forces of density-dependent and density-independent processes on fish populations. C1 [Bacheler, Nathan M.; Ciannelli, Lorenzo; Bartolino, Valerio] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bailey, Kevin M.] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Chan, Kung-Sik] Univ Iowa, Dept Stat & Actuarial Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Bacheler, NM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Nat & Appl Sci ES 317,2420 Nicolet Dr, Green Bay, WI 54311 USA. EM bachelen@uwgb.edu FU Essential Fish Habitat program of the Alaska Regional Office and Alaska Fisheries Science Center; North Pacific Research Board (NPRB); NOAA's Ecosystems and Fisheries -Oceanography Coordinated Investigations [EcoFOCI-723]; BEST-BSIERP Publication; NPRB Publication [220] FX This research was supported by the Essential Fish Habitat program of the Alaska Regional Office and Alaska Fisheries Science Center, as well as the BSIERP program of the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB). This paper is Contribution EcoFOCI-723 to NOAA's Ecosystems and Fisheries -Oceanography Coordinated Investigations, BEST-BSIERP Publication No. 3, and NPRB Publication No. 220. We appreciate comments by J. Duffy-Anderson, Jeff Napp, T. Smart, and I. Speis. A. Dougherty compiled some of the environmental data. NR 47 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 11 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 391 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.3354/meps08259 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 512BT UT WOS:000271218100001 ER PT J AU Ryer, CH Stoner, AW Iseri, PJ Spencer, ML AF Ryer, Clifford H. Stoner, Allan W. Iseri, Paul J. Spencer, Mara L. TI Effects of simulated underwater vehicle lighting on fish behavior SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Fish behavior; Light response; Survey bias; Gear avoidance; ROV; Submersible ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; CAPTURE EFFICIENCY; PLANKTIVOROUS FISH; OPHIODON-ELONGATUS; SEBASTOLOBUS SPP.; PREY CONSUMPTION; TRAWLING VESSEL; VISUAL PIGMENTS; SIZE; ILLUMINATION AB Little is known regarding bias attributable to fish behavior for visual transects conducted using underwater vehicles (UVs). Experiments were conducted under 2 ambient illuminations to assess the behavioral responses of 7 north Pacific Ocean groundfish species to a light stimulus that simulated the approach of a UV. Species included sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria, Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis, lingcod Ophiodon elongatus and 4 species in the genus Sebastes: blue rockfish S. mystinus, black rockfish S. melanops, copper rockfish S. caurinus and quillback rockfish S. maliger. Movement, as well as general activity, varied greatly between species. The most active species, sablefish, became agitated and moved away from the looming light source, while the least active species, Pacific halibut and lingcod, typically remained stationary. Of the 4 rockfish species, 2 demonstrated a strong response to ambient light level. Black rockfish and blue rockfish moved away from the looming light source, but avoidance was delayed under high ambient light. Bias probably differs among species, being greatest for those that are highly active and mobile, like sablefish. Further, ambient light may modulate bias, such that researchers need to be cautious about comparing results for surveys conducted at different depths and/or times of day. C1 [Ryer, Clifford H.; Stoner, Allan W.; Iseri, Paul J.; Spencer, Mara L.] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Ryer, CH (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM cliff.ryer@noaa.gov NR 42 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 11 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 391 BP 97 EP 106 DI 10.3354/meps08168 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 512BT UT WOS:000271218100009 ER PT J AU Shaffer, SA Weimerskirch, H Scott, D Pinaud, D Thompson, DR Sagar, PM Moller, H Taylor, GA Foley, DG Tremblay, Y Costa, DP AF Shaffer, Scott A. Weimerskirch, Henri Scott, Darren Pinaud, David Thompson, David R. Sagar, Paul M. Moller, Henrik Taylor, Graeme A. Foley, David G. Tremblay, Yann Costa, Daniel P. TI Spatiotemporal habitat use by breeding sooty shearwaters Puffinus griseus SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Activity; Archival data logger; Diving; Geolocation; Puffinus griseus; Tracking; Sea surface temperature; Sooty shearwater ID SHORT-TAILED SHEARWATERS; NEW-ZEALAND; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; WANDERING ALBATROSSES; ANTARCTIC WATERS; PELAGIC SEABIRD; DIVING DEPTHS; SEA; GEOLOCATION; ENVIRONMENT AB Breeding sooty shearwaters Puffin us griseus cycle between long (11 to 14 d) and short (1 to 2 d) foraging bouts at sea, but no information exists on bird behavior during these trips. We tested the hypothesis that shearwaters use these long trips to travel to distant Antarctic waters compared to remaining in local waters. Patterns of habitat use of 28 breeding sooty shearwaters were studied using 6 g archival data loggers that recorded location, environmental temperature, and diving behavior. Dive activity was compared to remotely-sensed environmental data to characterize the habitats visited by shearwaters on long and short trips. Sooty shearwaters traveled predominantly (70% of all long trips) to cold oceanic waters along the Polar Front (mean +/- SD, 1970 +/- 930 km from colony) on long trips or remained within warmer neritic waters of the New Zealand shelf (515 +/- 248 km from colony) on short trips. Diving depths (mean depth 15.9 +/- 10.8 m, max depth 69.9 m, n = 2007 dives) were not significantly different between excursion types. Activity patterns suggest that shearwaters commuted between distant foraging grounds (e.g. Polar Front) and the breeding colony and that more than 95% of diving activity occurred during daylight hours. Although shearwaters traveled primarily to Antarctic waters on long trips, occasional trips around New Zealand waters were observed; all but 2 birds were from the northern-most study colony. Oceanic habitats in Antarctic waters were substantially different from neritic habitats around New Zealand, indicating that shearwaters experience dramatically different environmental conditions associated with each excursion type. The ability of sooty shearwaters to use 2 vastly different habitats provides greater flexibility for maximizing resource acquisition during breeding and reduces competition near the colony. C1 [Shaffer, Scott A.; Tremblay, Yann; Costa, Daniel P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Weimerskirch, Henri; Pinaud, David] CNRS, Ctr Etud Biol Chize, F-79360 Villiers En Bois, France. [Scott, Darren; Moller, Henrik] Univ Otago, Dept Zool, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Thompson, David R.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington, New Zealand. [Sagar, Paul M.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Christchurch, New Zealand. [Taylor, Graeme A.] Dept Conservat, Wellington, New Zealand. [Foley, David G.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Foley, David G.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Tremblay, Yann] IRD, Ctr Rech Halieut Mediterraneenne & Trop, F-34203 Sete, France. RP Shaffer, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM shaffer@biology.ucsc.edu RI Shaffer, Scott/D-5015-2009; Pinaud, David/B-6326-2008 OI Shaffer, Scott/0000-0002-7751-5059; Pinaud, David/0000-0003-0815-9668 FU Tagging of Pacific Pelagics (TOPP) program; Moore Foundation; UCSC; National Ocean Partnership Program [N00014-02-1-1012]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-00-1-0880, N00014-03-t-0651] FX We thank C. Bragg, R. Mules, and B. Newton and the Titi team for assistance in the field and K. M. Middleton for assistance with statistical analyses, We also thank the Southland Department of Conservation, New Zealand, for logistical support, as well as the crews of the Foveaux Express, Akademik Shokalskiy, Tiama, and Southland Helicopters for assistance with travel to the islands. This research was part of the Tagging of Pacific Pelagics (TOPP) program, funded in part by the Moore Foundation, Packard Endowment Grant to UCSC, the National Ocean Partnership Program (N00014-02-1-1012), and the Office of Naval Research (N00014-00-1-0880 & N00014-03-t-0651). All protocols employed in this study were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees at UCSC and the Southland and Wellington Conservancies of the Department of Conservation, New Zealand. Kia Mau Te Titi Mo Ake Tonu Atu. NR 52 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 22 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 391 BP 209 EP 220 DI 10.3354/meps07932 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 512BT UT WOS:000271218100018 ER PT J AU Johnson, SW Thedinga, JF Neff, AD AF Johnson, Scott W. Thedinga, John F. Neff, A. Darcie TI Invasion by saffron cod Eleginus gracilis into nearshore habitats of Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Eleginus gracilis; Saffron cod; Distribution; Nearshore habitat; Biology; Alaska ID VALDEZ OIL-SPILL; NORTHERN GULF; LIFE-HISTORY; PACIFIC; VARIABILITY; COMMUNITIES; ATLANTIC; PIPEFISH; CLIMATE; FISHES AB We recently identified saffron cod Eleginus gracilis as a dominant fish species in near-shore habitats (<5 m deep, <20 m offshore) of western Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska, USA. Saffron cod have not been previously reported in PWS, and their capture suggests that fish community structure has changed in nearshore habitats. Nearly 16 000 saffron cod were captured in 49 of 95 beach seine hauls at 8 locations in western PWS in 2006 and 2007. Saffron cod accounted for 32% of the total fish catch (49 060 fish, 45 species). Abundance of saffron cod differed by season and habitat type; catch was greater in summer and fall than in spring, and fish were captured almost exclusively in eelgrass Zostera marina habitat. Most saffron cod captured were Age-0; based on age from otoliths, mean size of Age-0 fish increased from 70 mm total length (TL) (n = 8) in July to 108 mm TL (n = 21) in September. Age-0 saffron cod consumed predominantly pelagic fauna (oikopleurans), whereas fish aged >= 1 targeted predominantly epibenthic fauna (polychaetes and crustaceans). Most saffron cod left the nearshore area by late summer; of 1002 fish that were fin-clipped and released at 1 sampling location (eelgrass) in July 2007, only 2 were recaptured in late August 2007. Reasons for the sudden and dramatic increase in the abundance of saffron cod in western PWS are unclear; possible ecological implications, however, include competition for food and space and increased predation risk to commercially important and forage fish species. C1 [Johnson, Scott W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Johnson, SW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 17109 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM scott.johnson@noaa.gov FU North Pacific Research Board [642]; NOAA Fisheries Essential Fish Habitat Program FX We thank the crews of the RV 'Solstice' and RV 'Pandalus' for their invaluable support at sea; and D. Greenwell, P. Harris, K. Holderied, J. Hudson, M. Lindeberg, S. L. McConahay, J. Moran, S. Saupe, F. Sewall, M. Sturdevant, and A. Sreenivasan for help with field and laboratory work. We especially thank M. Eagleton of the NMFS regional office in Anchorage for providing logistical support and K. Munk of the Alaska Department of Fish & Game in Juneau for analyzing otoliths for age determination. Funding for this research was provided by the North Pacific Research Board (Project 642, Publication #219) and the NOAA Fisheries Essential Fish Habitat Program. NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 389 BP 203 EP 212 DI 10.3354/meps08226 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 505EO UT WOS:000270673100017 ER PT J AU Lundsten, L McClain, CR Barry, JP Cailliet, GM Claguel, DA DeVogelaere, AP AF Lundsten, Lonny McClain, Craig R. Barry, James P. Cailliet, Gregor M. Claguel, David A. DeVogelaere, Andrew P. TI Ichthyofauna on three seamounts off southern and central California, USA SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Seamount fishes; Seamount biology; California seamounts; Deep sea fishes; Seamount ecology; Deep sea ecology ID DEEP-SEA FISHERIES; SEBASTOLOBUS-ALTIVELIS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; NEW-ZEALAND; FISH; ENDEMISM; IMPACTS; ECOLOGY AB In many regions of the world, commercial fisheries for seamount-aggregating species have collapsed. Most are trawl fisheries, which have been implicated in the destruction and loss of fragile coral and sponge habitat and potentially endemic seamount species. Even with the intense fishing effort over seamounts, our understanding of processes regulating the distribution and abundance of seamount fish assemblages, which is vital to conservation policy, is weak. Here, we describe the abundance and distribution of demersal fishes found on 3 seamounts off central and southern California. Video observations were taken during 27 dives of a remotely operated vehicle (ROV), and were annotated in detail using the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute's (MBARI) Video Annotation Reference System (VARS). Video analysis yielded 2151 observations of 36 identified taxa. No aggregations of fishes were observed during the surveys, Video transects were analyzed to quantify organism density. Similarity among seamounts was compared using Bray-Curtis similarity estimates. Our results indicate high similarity among seamount faunas at similar depths, a shift from provincial to abyssal/cosmopolitan species with increased depth, and no evidence of seamount endemism. C1 [Lundsten, Lonny; McClain, Craig R.; Barry, James P.; Claguel, David A.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [McClain, Craig R.] Duke Univ, Natl Evolutionary Synth Ctr, Durham, NC 27707 USA. [Cailliet, Gregor M.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [DeVogelaere, Andrew P.] Monterey Bay Natl Marine Sanctuary, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Lundsten, L (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, 7700 Sandholdt Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM lonny@mbari.org RI Bizzarro, Joseph/A-2988-2012; OI McClain, Craig/0000-0003-0574-428X FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation; MBARI; NOAA's Office of Ocean Exploration FX We thank the pilots of the ROV 'Tiburon' and the crew of RV 'Western Flyer'; D. Didier, D. Ebert, and R. Lee for assistance with species identifications; and E. Lundsten, E. Burton, A. Andrews, and the anonymous referees who greatly improved this manuscript. This work was supported by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation through MBARI and NOAA's Office of Ocean Exploration. NR 36 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 17 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 389 BP 223 EP 232 DI 10.3354/meps08181 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 505EO UT WOS:000270673100019 ER PT J AU Kubis, S Chaloupka, M Ehrhart, L Bresette, M AF Kubis, Stacy Chaloupka, Milani Ehrhart, Llewellyn Bresette, Michael TI Growth rates of juvenile green turtles Chelonia mydas from three ecologically distinct foraging habitats along the east central coast of Florida, USA SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Chelonia mydas; Density-dependent effects; Developmental habitat; Florida; Foraging grounds; Generalized Additive Mixed Model; Green turtles; Growth rate ID INDIAN RIVER LAGOON; SOMATIC GROWTH; SEA-TURTLES; SOUTHERN BAHAMAS; CARETTA-CARETTA; MARINE TURTLES; WILD; ABUNDANCE; PATTERNS; FIBROPAPILLOMATOSIS AB A generalized additive mixed modeling approach was used to assess somatic growth for juvenile green turtles Chelonia mydas at 4 sites in 3 ecologically distinct foraging habitats along the east central coast of Florida, USA. The 3 habitats were a man-made nuclear submarine turning basin (Trident Submarine Basin), an estuary (Indian River Lagoon), and oceanic sabellariid worm rock reefs (Sebastian Inlet and St. Lucie Power Plant). Turtles from the Indian River Lagoon site grew significantly faster than turtles from the Trident Submarine Basin and sabellariid worm rock reef sites. There were no significant differences in growth rates between the sabellariid worm rock reef and Trident Submarine Basin sites. Non-monotonic or dome-shaped growth rate functions reflecting an immature peak in growth rates were observed for all 3 habitats. Growth rates peaked in 1998 for turtles in the Trident Submarine Basin and sabellariid worm rock reef habitats; since then growth rates have declined. This temporal decline in growth rates may reflect density-dependent effects on growth as more juveniles recruit to Florida foraging grounds, a direct result of increases in nest production at the primary rookeries (Costa Rica, Florida and Mexico), Developmental habitats are important for the survival of juvenile marine turtles. This study illustrates the degree to which juvenile growth rates vary among developmental habitats, which ultimately can affect the rate of growth and recovery potential of nesting stocks. C1 [Kubis, Stacy; Ehrhart, Llewellyn] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Kubis, Stacy] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Turtle Res Program, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Chaloupka, Milani] Univ Queensland, Ecol Modelling Serv PL, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. [Bresette, Michael] Quantum Resources, Jensen Beach, FL 34957 USA. RP Kubis, S (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM stacy.hargrove@noaa.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service; Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Richard King Mellon Foundation; Disney Wildlife Conservation Fund; Bernice Barbour Foundation; Brevard Zoo FX We thank D, Bagley, W. Redfoot, G. Antonelis, G. Balazs, M. Snover, and J. Hargrove for their constructive comments. We also thank the students from the University of Central Florida who helped catch and work up turtles in good weather and bad, as well as the staff of Quantum Resources who captured turtles at the St. Lucie Power Plant. This work was supported in part by the National Marine Fisheries Service, the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the Richard King Mellon Foundation, the Disney Wildlife Conservation Fund, the Bernice Barbour Foundation, and the Brevard Zoo. All work was conducted in compliance with the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, University of Central Florida. NR 46 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 21 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 389 BP 257 EP 269 DI 10.3354/meps08206 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 505EO UT WOS:000270673100022 ER PT J AU Ainley, DG Dugger, KD Ford, RG Pierce, SD Reese, DC Brodeur, RD Tynan, CT Barth, JA AF Ainley, David G. Dugger, Katie D. Ford, R. Glenn Pierce, Stephen D. Reese, Douglas C. Brodeur, Richard D. Tynan, Cynthia T. Barth, John A. TI Association of predators and prey at frontal features in the California Current: competition, facilitation, and co-occurrence SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE California Current; Food-web modeling; Prey depletion; Salmon; Seabird; Trophic competition; Upwelling fronts; Hotspots ID CURRENT SYSTEM; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; OREGON; SEABIRD; ABUNDANCE; FISH; SEA; ZOOPLANKTON AB We investigated variations in the small- to meso-scale abundance and distribution of the 6 most abundant seabird species in the northern California Current-black-footed albatross Phoebastria nigripes, sooty shearwater Puffinus griseus, pink-footed shearwater Puffinus creatopus, fork-tailed storm-petrel Oceanodroma furcata, common murre Uria aalge, and Cassin's auklet Ptychoramphus aleuticus-during the upwelling season of 2000 and 2002. Covariates (21 total), with importance assessed using logistic and generalized linear modeling and an information theoretic approach, included physical features such as sea surface temperature, dynamic height (apparent water-column pressure), and pycnocline depth; biological factors such as chlorophyll maximum; and food-web factors such as the density of 3 size classes of zooplankton, the density of potential piscine competitors, i.e. Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp., and abundance of fish prey such as zooplankton, northern anchovy Engraulis mordax, and the juveniles of salmon and demersal fishes. The most important factors explaining seabird occurrence changed from mesoscale physical features during a food-rich year (2002; exhibited over 15 to 30 km) to smaller-scale occurrence of actual prey patches during a food-poor year (2000; <1 km). Spatial overlap in occurrence of murres and shearwaters with adult salmon was interpreted as co-occurrence and, perhaps, competition for prey species; a negative spatial overlap between shearwaters and abundance of forage fish was interpreted as evidence for prey depletion (or predator-induced alteration of availability) by the birds and other co-occurring predators (salmon). Overall, results and other information indicated the value of adding spatially explicit data on predator and prey species abundance and predator-prey behavior to improve food-web modeling. C1 [Ainley, David G.] HT Harvey & Associates, Los Gatos, CA 95032 USA. [Dugger, Katie D.; Reese, Douglas C.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ford, R. Glenn] RG Ford Consulting, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [Pierce, Stephen D.; Barth, John A.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Brodeur, Richard D.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Tynan, Cynthia T.] Associated Scientists Woods Hole, W Falmouth, MA 02578 USA. RP Ainley, DG (reprint author), HT Harvey & Associates, 983 Univ Ave,Bldg D, Los Gatos, CA 95032 USA. EM dainley@penguinscience.com FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0001035, OCE-0435619, OCE-0534609]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution-CICOR [NA17RJ1223] FX This paper is dedicated to the memory of M. Newcomer and L. Spear, who were key components of our cruise effort but who are no longer with us. We thank the entire NEP GLOBEC study group, and its steering committee for welcoming our participation and providing stimulating discussion at numerous workshops and meetings. The captains and crews of FV 'Frosti', FV 'Sea Eagle', RV 'New Horizon', RV 'Roger Revelle', RV 'Thomas B. Thompson', and RV 'Wecoma' were indispensible, as was the help in data collection provided by C. Alexander, R. Emmett, J. Fisher, J. Hodder, T. Miller, J, P. Noskov, S. Pool, and T. Pusser, Financial support was provided by National Science Foundation Grants OCE-0001.035, OCE-0435619, OCE-0534609; and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution-CICOR Grant NA17RJ1223, and well as direct NOAA support of R.D.B. and D.C.R, L. Ballance, J. Pratt, and 2 anonymous reviewers kindly provided valuable comments to improve the manuscript. This is Contribution Number 621 of the US GLOBEC program. NR 75 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 34 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 389 BP 271 EP 294 DI 10.3354/meps08153 PG 24 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 505EO UT WOS:000270673100023 ER PT J AU Lee, PA Rudisill, JR Neeley, AR Maucher, JM Hutchins, DA Feng, YY Hare, CE Leblanc, K Rose, JM Wilhelm, SW Rowe, JM DiTullio, GR AF Lee, Peter A. Rudisill, Jamie R. Neeley, Aimee R. Maucher, Jennifer M. Hutchins, David A. Feng, Yuanyuan Hare, Clinton E. Leblanc, Karine Rose, Julie M. Wilhelm, Steven W. Rowe, Janet M. DiTullio, Giacomo R. TI Effects of increased pCO(2) and temperature on the North Atlantic spring bloom. III. Dimethylsulfoniopropionate SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Particulate DMSP; Dissolved DMSP; Climate change; Global warming; Carbon dioxide; Temperature; Biogeochemistry ID PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; EMILIANIA-HUXLEYI; EXPORT PRODUCTION; DIMETHYL SULFIDE; CHEMICAL DEFENSE; DMS PRODUCTION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BERING-SEA; OCEAN; CO2 AB The CLAW hypothesis argues that a negative feedback mechanism involving phytoplankton-derived dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) could mitigate increasing sea surface temperatures that result from global warming. DMSP is converted to the climatically active dimethylsulfide (DMS), which is transferred to the atmosphere and photochemically oxidized to sulfate aerosols, leading to increases in planetary albedo and cooling of the Earth's atmosphere. A shipboard incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of increased temperature and pCO(2) on the algal community structure of the North Atlantic spring bloom and their subsequent impact on particulate and dissolved DMSP concentrations (DMSPP and DMSPd). Under 'greenhouse' conditions (elevated pCO(2); 690 ppm) and elevated temperature (ambient + 4 degrees C), coccolithophorid and pelagophyte abundances were significantly higher than under control conditions (390 ppm CO2 and ambient temperature). This shift in phytoplankton community structure also resulted in an increase in DMSPp concentrations and DMSPp:chl a ratios. There were also increases in DMSP-lyase activity and biomass-normalized DMSP-lyase activity under 'greenhouse' conditions. Concentrations of DMSPd decreased in the 'greenhouse' treatment relative to the control. This decline is thought to be partly due to changes in the microzooplankton community structure and decreased grazing pressure under 'greenhouse' conditions. The increases in DMSPp in the high temperature and greenhouse treatments support the CLAW hypothesis; the declines in DMSPd do not. C1 [Lee, Peter A.; Rudisill, Jamie R.; Neeley, Aimee R.; DiTullio, Giacomo R.] Coll Charleston, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Maucher, Jennifer M.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Hutchins, David A.; Feng, Yuanyuan; Hare, Clinton E.; Leblanc, Karine; Rose, Julie M.] Univ Delaware, Coll Marine & Earth Studies, Lewes, DE 19958 USA. [Wilhelm, Steven W.; Rowe, Janet M.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Rowe, Janet M.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [DiTullio, Giacomo R.] Coll Charleston, Grice Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Lee, PA (reprint author), Coll Charleston, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM leep@cofc.edu RI Wilhelm, Steven/B-8963-2008; Leblanc, Karine/C-6029-2009; Feng, Yuanyuan/K-5983-2012; Hutchins, David/D-3301-2013 OI Wilhelm, Steven/0000-0001-6283-8077; Feng, Yuanyuan/0000-0002-4565-8717; FU U.S. National Science Foundation [OCE-0423418 [0741412], OCE-0722337, ANT-0338111 [0741411], ANT-0528715, OCE 0452409, OCE-0422890] FX The authors thank the captain and crew of the RV 'Seward Johnson' and fellow cruise participants for their support and many fruitful discussions. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the efforts of several anonymous reviewers whose comments greatly improved this manuscript. The present study was made possible through funding from the Biological Oceanography and Office of Polar Programs of the U.S. National Science Foundation (OCE-0423418 [0741412], OCE-0722337 and ANT-0338111 [0741411] to D.A.H., ANT-0528715 to J.M.R., OCE 0452409 to S.W.W., and OCE-0422890 to G.R.D.). NR 49 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 18 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 388 BP 41 EP 49 DI 10.3354/meps08135 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 495LK UT WOS:000269892700005 ER PT J AU Malecha, PW Stone, RP AF Malecha, Patrick W. Stone, Robert P. TI Response of the sea whip Halipteris willemoesi to simulated trawl disturbance and its vulnerability to subsequent predation SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Trawling; Sea whip; Halipteris willemoesi; Seafloor habitat; Nudibranch; Tritonia diomedea ID CARIBBEAN GORGONIANS PSEUDOPTEROGORGIA; CORAL MONTASTREA-ANNULARIS; STRUCTURAL DEFENSES; OIL POLLUTION; FISHING GEAR; GROWTH; ALASKA; REPRODUCTION; REGENERATION; GENERALIST AB The sea whip Halipteris willemoesi occurs in habitats coincident with bottom trawl fisheries in the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea and can be damaged by passing trawls. Little is known about the long-term fate of sea whips damaged by trawl gear. Sea whip responses to simulated trawl disturbance were observed in situ over a period of about 1 yr in order to assess delayed mortality from sublethal injuries. Colonies of H. willemoesi were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups and 1 control group. Treatments were designed to mimic trawl damage including dislodgement, fracture of the axial rod, and soft tissue abrasion. Fifty percent of dislodged colonies demonstrated the ability to rebury their peduncles and recover to an erect position. Most of these colonies eventually became dislodged again without further disturbance and only one was erect at the final observation. None of the fractured colonies were able to repair their axial rods and only one was erect at the experiment's conclusion. Light tissue abrasion caused only minor tissue losses that lessened over time, and all abraded and control colonies remained erect throughout the experiment. Tissue losses among the dislodged and fractured sea whips increased throughout the experimental period and were mainly due to predation by the nudibranch Tritonia diomedea, which appeared to react with a strong scavenging response to sea whips lying on the seafloor. The presence of predators in areas where sea whips are disturbed may exacerbate trawl effects since damaged or dislodged colonies are more vulnerable to predation. C1 [Malecha, Patrick W.; Stone, Robert P.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Malecha, PW (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM pat.malecha@noaa.gov NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 13 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 388 BP 197 EP 206 DI 10.3354/meps08145 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 495LK UT WOS:000269892700017 ER PT J AU Sigler, MF Tollit, DJ Vollenweider, JJ Thedinga, JF Csepp, DJ Womble, JN Wong, MA Rehberg, MJ Trites, AW AF Sigler, Michael F. Tollit, Dominic J. Vollenweider, Johanna J. Thedinga, John F. Csepp, David J. Womble, Jamie N. Wong, Mandy A. Rehberg, Michael J. Trites, Andrew W. TI Steller sea lion foraging response to seasonal changes in prey availability SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Prey availability; Foraging; Steller sea lion; Prey selection; Diet; Walleye Pollock; Herring ID EULACHON THALEICHTHYS-PACIFICUS; POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS POPULATION; PINNIPED DIET COMPOSITION; HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; NUTRITIONAL STRESS; WALLEYE POLLOCK; FECAL SAMPLES; ATTENDANCE PATTERNS; SKELETAL STRUCTURES AB We hypothesized that: (1) Steller sea lion Eurmetopias jubatus diet choice is a function of prey availability, (2) sea lions move to take advantage of times and locations of seasonal prey concentrations and (3) the number present depends on the amount of prey available (numerical response). Over 3 yr, typically on a quarterly basis, in Frederick Sound, SE Alaska, multiple measurements were taken of Steller sea lion abundance (aerial surveys), diet (scats), dive behavior (satellite telemetry) and prey availability and caloric density (nearshore, pelagic and demersal fish surveys). We found that Steller sea lions shifted diet composition in response to changes in prey availability of pollock Theragra chalcogramma, hake Merluccius productus, herring Clupea pallasi and salmon Oncorhynchus spp. They selected intermediate-sized fish and avoided small (<10 cm) and large (>60 cm) fish, and moved between areas as prey became available seasonally. The number of sea lions present depended on the amount of prey available; a standing biomass of 500 to 1700 t of prey in a non-breeding area such as Frederick Sound, depending on species composition, can attract and sustain about 500 sea lions. Pollock was more frequent in sea lion diet in inside waters of SE Alaska-including Frederick Sound, Stephens Passage and Lynn Canal-than anywhere else in Alaska and contributed similar to 1/3 of the dietary energy in Frederick Sound. This finding implies that a diet with substantial year-round contributions from less nutritious, but abundant prey such as pollock can form part of a healthy diet as long as more nutritious prey such as herring, salmon or eulachon Thaleichthys pacificus also are consumed. Our study supports the conclusion that the Steller sea lion is an opportunistic marine predator with a flexible foraging strategy that selects abundant, accessible prey and shifts among seasonally available species. C1 [Sigler, Michael F.; Vollenweider, Johanna J.; Thedinga, John F.; Csepp, David J.; Womble, Jamie N.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Tollit, Dominic J.; Wong, Mandy A.; Trites, Andrew W.] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Marine Mammal Res Unit, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Rehberg, Michael J.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Statewide Marine Mammal Program, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. RP Sigler, MF (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM mike.sigler@noaa.gov; tollit@zoology.ubc.ca RI Trites, Andrew/K-5648-2012 FU NOAA; North Pacific Marine Science Foundation FX We appreciate reviews by L. Fritz, M. A. Lea and M. Willson. T. Gelatt led the sea lion satellite telemetry effort. Financial support was provided to A.W.T. and D.J.T, by NOAA and the North Pacific Marine Science Foundation through the North Pacific Universities Marine Mammal Research Consortium. NR 87 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 21 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 388 BP 243 EP 261 DI 10.3354/meps08144 PG 19 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 495LK UT WOS:000269892700021 ER PT J AU Miller, MW Valdivia, A Kramer, KL Mason, B Williams, DE Johnston, L AF Miller, M. W. Valdivia, A. Kramer, K. L. Mason, B. Williams, D. E. Johnston, L. TI Alternate benthic assemblages on reef restoration structures and cascading effects on coral settlement SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Coral larvae; Cyanobacteria; Acropora palmata; Montastraea faveolata; Diploria strigosa; Succession; Florida Keys ID LONG-TERM DECLINE; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; HABITAT COMPLEXITY; CARIBBEAN CORALS; OYSTER REEFS; RECRUITMENT; CONSERVATION; ECOLOGY; CYANOBACTERIA; TRAJECTORIES AB In coral reefs, restoration actions often involve artificial construction since physical structure enhances physico-chemical conditions for benthic communities and provides habitat for reef-associated fauna. We evaluated the performance of 4 restoration structures (RS, aged 5 to 12 yr) by comparing convergence of their benthic assemblages to adjacent reference reefs (REF). Multivariate clustering indicated that benthic assemblages were significantly distinct between RS and REF, as well as among sites. Differences were primarily attributable to weedy macroalgal and cyanobacterial groups, not slow-growing corals and crustose coralline algae. RS had a higher abundance of cyanobacterial turfs that can negatively affect adult and larval corals. To elucidate potential cascading effects on reef development, we tested whether exudates of the distinct RS and REF assemblages inhibit settlement by planulae of 3 coral species in laboratory assays. Relative settlement deterrence (versus seawater controls) was variable both between sites and among coral species. For example, both RS and REF exudates from one site were deterrent to settlement for Acropora palmata and Diploria strigosa, but, for Montastraea faveolata, RS (but not REF) exudates from a second site were deterrent, while RS exudates from the first site were not. Overall, results indicate that divergence of benthic assemblages is not simply attributable to incomplete succession, but appears to be a persistent, possibly stable state and that benthic algal/cyanobacterial assemblages on both RS and REF in these locations impair 'recruitment potential' for framework-building corals to some degree. C1 [Miller, M. W.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Valdivia, A.; Kramer, K. L.; Williams, D. E.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Mason, B.; Johnston, L.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Miller, MW (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM margaret.w.miller@noaa.gov FU NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program; National Marine Sanctuary Program [FKNMS-2006-026]; Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary; NMFS/SEFSC FX This work was supported by the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program and National Marine Sanctuary Program and conducted under Permit FKNMS-2006-026 (to A. Szmant). Mentoring and advice of A. Szmant enabled culture and experimentation with broadcasting coral larvae. Logistical support was provided by the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary and D. McClellan (NMFS/SEFSC). Field and laboratory assistance was provided by I. Baums, N. Polato, J. Zimmerman, T. Vardi, and A. Cedzo. Constructive review of the manuscript by T. Kellison and A. Chester is gratefully acknowledged. NR 51 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 6 U2 51 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 387 BP 147 EP 156 DI 10.3354/meps08097 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 489FM UT WOS:000269405500013 ER PT J AU Sunda, WG Shertzer, KW Hardison, DR AF Sunda, W. G. Shertzer, K. W. Hardison, D. R. TI Ammonium uptake and growth models in marine diatoms: Monod and Droop revisited SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Ammonium; Model; Nutrient uptake; Growth rate; Phytoplankton; Diatom; Monod; Droop ID STEADY-STATE GROWTH; CONTINUOUS-CULTURE; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; LIMITED GROWTH; PHYTOPLANKTON; LIMITATION; KINETICS; NITRATE; NITROGEN; ZINC AB Mathematical models are a useful tool for predicting the responses of marine phytoplankton to changes in nutrient inputs and other environmental factors. Two modeling approaches Monod and Droop-have been traditionally used. These 2 model types were fitted to empirical data for specific growth rate, cellular N:C ratio, cellular ammonium uptake rate, and ammonium concentration measured in N-limited cyclostats at different dilution rates and in nutrient-saturated batch cultures. The modeled data were for a small, fast-growing coastal diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana (similar to 4.5 mu m diameter) and for a larger, slower growing diatom T weissflogii (similar to 11 mu m diameter) cultured in seawater medium at 20 degrees C and 14 h d(-1) of light. The observed data did not conform well to the classic Monod equation, but could be fit to a modification of this equation in which the maximum growth rate was assigned a value higher than the observed maximum rate. Likewise, data for cellular N uptake rate versus ammonium concentration did not conform well to the standard saturation equation, but could be fit to a modification of the equation in which the maximum uptake rate was set above the empirically measured value and the x-intercept was shifted from the origin to a finite positive value. Both modified models accurately fit the observed steady-state relationships between ammonium concentrations and specific growth rates of the 2 species. However, the 2 models showed different transient dynamics in response to a change in the concentration of inflowing nutrients in time-course simulations. Such differences suggest that the choice between Droop and Monod approaches, when used as part of larger food web models, could lead to widely divergent predictions of algal blooms and other nonequilibrium dynamics of ecosystems. C1 [Sunda, W. G.; Shertzer, K. W.; Hardison, D. R.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Sunda, WG (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM bill.sunda@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Southeast Fisheries Science Center FX We thank W. Litaker, R. Waggett, and 2 anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. K.W.S. is grateful for the support of NOAA's Southeast Fisheries Science Center. The opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect policies of any government agency. NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 19 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 386 BP 29 EP 41 DI 10.3354/meps08077 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 477XO UT WOS:000268552500003 ER PT J AU Auster, PJ Link, JS AF Auster, P. J. Link, J. S. TI Compensation and recovery of feeding guilds in a northwest Atlantic shelf fish community SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Functional redundancy; Functional diversity; Trophic guilds; Piscivores; Planktivores; Benthivores ID CARIBBEAN CORAL-REEF; GEORGES BANK REGION; COD GADUS-MORHUA; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; TROPHIC CASCADES; UNITED-STATES; ECOSYSTEM; ASSEMBLAGES; ECOLOGY; HABITAT AB Disturbance of marine ecosystems from fishing has resulted in significant shifts in the composition of fish Communities. Such changes can result. in shifts in dominance Of functional (trophic) guilds within communities and the role that guilds play in ecosystem functioning. In particular, studies in coral reef and kelp forest fish communities have demonstrated a low level of functional redundancy, yet few studies have examined fish communities from temperate large marine ecosystems. We compared the abundance and composition of feeding guilds (i.e. planktivores, benthivores, amphipod-shrimp feeders, crabivores, echinoderm feeders, shrimp-fish feeders, and piscivores) on the continental shelf of the northeast US across 4 decades (i.e. 1970s to the present), examining changes in guild structure to determine if: (1) there have been significant changes in the abundance of functional guilds within the fish community, (2) there have been significant changes within guilds, and (3) there are commonalities in responses with studies from other habitats. We found that 5 of the 7 guilds exhibited remarkable stability in abundance over time despite extreme levels of exploitation and shifts in the abundance of individual species. We suggest there are compensatory mechanisms within those guilds that resulted in, or are an outcome of, their functional role within the shelf fish community. Comparing our results with Studies in more spatially discrete habitats such as coral reefs or kelp forests suggests that erosion of functionally redundancies may be related to the resolution involved, be it spatial extent of observations, movement patterns of fishes, taxonomic precision of functional role, or variations in the diversity of species interactions within these ecosystems. Regardless, to prevent any potential for erosion of functional roles, we recommend that guild structure be considered as a unit for monitoring and resource management. C1 [Auster, P. J.] Univ Connecticut, Natl Undersea Res Ctr, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Auster, P. J.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Link, J. S.] NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Auster, PJ (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Natl Undersea Res Ctr, Groton, CT 06340 USA. EM peter.auster@uconn.edu FU Census of Marine Life Gulf of Maine Program; NOAA's National Undersea Research Program FX We thank the personnel who have designed, implemented, and conducted the bottom trawl surveys upon which this analysis is based. We also thank 2 anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on prior versions of this manuscript. P.J.A. was supported by the Census of Marine Life Gulf of Maine Program and NOAA's National Undersea Research Program. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of NOAA, the Census of Marine Life, or its subagencies. NR 58 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 22 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 382 BP 163 EP 172 DI 10.3354/meps07962 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 451MS UT WOS:000266474900014 ER PT J AU Schaffler, JJ Reiss, CS Jones, CM AF Schaffler, Jason J. Reiss, Christian S. Jones, Cynthia M. TI Spatial variation in otolith chemistry of Atlantic croaker larvae in the Mid-Atlantic Bight SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Larvae; Otolith chemistry; Microchemistry; Connectivity; Spatial variability; Solution; Laser; ICP-MS ID FLOUNDER PARALICHTHYS-DENTATUS; PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; ELEMENTAL SIGNATURES; MICROPOGONIAS-UNDULATUS; STOCK STRUCTURE; TRACE-ELEMENTS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; FISH OTOLITHS; FINGERPRINTS AB Larval Atlantic croaker Micropogonias undulatus (1 to 7 mm in standard length) were collected on the cast coast of the United States from North Carolina to Delaware during 2000. We defined 3 water-mass boundaries for potential groups of spawning Atlantic croaker using temperature and salinity measured at each sampling station. We tested the hypothesis that distinct otolith chemistries existed among 3 groups of larval Atlantic croaker collected from these water masses using solution-based inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Multivariate analysis of variance indicated that otolith chemistry differed significantly among water masses. Using a quadratic discriminant function, we were able to correctly classify fish from the Mid-Atlantic Bight (MAB) 73% of the time, South Atlantic Bight (SAB) 53% of the time, and Chesapeake Bay plume 36% of the time. The correct reclassification rates observed were significantly better than random. Results from this study indicate that it is possible to obtain measurable elemental concentrations from otoliths much smaller than previously analyzed (weight 0.015 to 1.976 mu g). Moreover, contrary to previous Studies, our results indicate that it is possible to distinguish natal signatures among larvae on different spawning grounds in the MAB and SAB. Further, this new information Could benefit investigations of dispersal from offshore spawning grounds to estuaries or other nursery habitats. C1 [Schaffler, Jason J.; Jones, Cynthia M.] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Quantitat Fisheries Ecol, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Reiss, Christian S.] SWFSC, NOAA Antarrt Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Schaffler, JJ (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Quantitat Fisheries Ecol, 800 W 46th St, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM jschaffl@odu.edu FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0525964, OCE-9876565] FX We thank J. A.Hare for collecting and providing samples for analysis, S. Turner for assistance in extraction and preparation of otoliths for trace element analysis, Z. Chen for assistance with trace element analysis, and D. N. Naik for statistical advice. This manuscript was greatly enhanced by 2 anonymous reviewers. Funding for this work was provided by a grant from the National Science Foundation (OCE-0525964 and OCE-9876565) to C.M.J. NR 47 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 14 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 382 BP 185 EP 195 DI 10.3354/meps07993 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 451MS UT WOS:000266474900016 ER PT J AU Tolimieri, N Andrews, K Williams, G Katz, S Levin, PS AF Tolimieri, N. Andrews, K. Williams, G. Katz, S. Levin, P. S. TI Home range size and patterns of space use by lingcod, copper rockfish and quillback rockfish in relation to diel and tidal cycles SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE VRAP; Acoustic tracking; Rockfish; Lingcod; Home range ID SNAPPER PAGRUS-AURATUS; TAKE MARINE RESERVE; SHALLOW ROCKY REEFS; HABITAT UTILIZATION; OPHIODON-ELONGATUS; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; HOMING ROUTES; SITE FIDELITY; CONSERVATION AB The estimation of home range size of marine fish has received attention because of its application to the design of marine reserves. How individuals use space may also be important to the management of the species and for understanding behavioral processes like optimal foraging or territoriality. We used an acoustic tracking system (VRAP) to examine patterns in home range size and movement behavior for 3 demersal fishes in Puget Sound: lingcod Ophiodon elongatus, copper rockfish Sebastes caurinus and quillback rockfish S. maliger. Data were collected over 8 wk in the summer of 2006 and 3 wk in the winter of 2007. Home ranges were relatively small (similar to 1500 to 2500 m(2)) and did not differ among species. During the summer, lingcod had larger home ranges during the clay than at night. Movement in all 3 species was in some way related to diel and tidal cycles, although individuals within species differed, and there was no general pattern. About half of the lingcod used portions of their home ranges only during the day and on the flood tide. Other individuals made similar movements on the ebb tide. Some copper rockfish moved to specific areas of their home range on the day ebb tide, while others made these movements on the night flood tide; others showed no pattern. Similar results were seen for quillback rockfish. While the arena of resource management often requires us to simplify complex systems, our results illustrate that such simplification may be difficult, and will depend ultimately on detailed behavioral data. C1 [Tolimieri, N.; Andrews, K.; Williams, G.; Katz, S.; Levin, P. S.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Tolimieri, N (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM nick.tolimieri@noaa.gov RI Bizzarro, Joseph/A-2988-2012; OI Andrews, Kelly/0000-0001-7734-3800 NR 43 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 21 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 380 BP 229 EP 243 DI 10.3354/meps0793 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 443JW UT WOS:000265907000019 ER PT J AU Luo, JG Serafy, JE Sponaugle, S Teare, PB Kieckbusch, D AF Luo, Jiangang Serafy, Joseph E. Sponaugle, Su Teare, Paul B. Kieckbusch, David TI Movement of gray snapper Lutjanus griseus among subtropical seagrass, mangrove, and coral reef habitats SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Diel; Seasonal; Gray snapper; Movement; Mangrove; Seagrass; Reef; Acoustic tagging; Underwater video ID FISH ASSEMBLAGES; PROTECTED AREAS; HOME-RANGE; ESTUARINE; PATTERNS; NURSERY; BEDS; DIEL; BAY; COMMUNITIES AB Many fishes are thought to make diel, seasonal and/or ontogenetic migrations among seagrass, mangrove, and coral reef habitats. However, most evidence of such movement has been inferred from density and size structure differences among these habitats in tropical waters. The aim of the present Study was to directly evaluate multiple habitat use by an ecologically and economically important reef fish, the gray snapper Lutjanus griseus, in subtropical waters. An integrated set of activities was conducted, including tagging and tracking of individuals and underwater video photography to examine the spatial and temporal dynamics of movements among neighboring mangrove, seagrass, and coral reef habitats in the northern Florida Keys, USA. Results of ultrasonic acoustic and mini-archival tagging indicated that L. griseus exhibits: (1) a distinct diel migration pattern, whereby shallow seagrass beds; are frequented nocturnally and mangroves and other habitats with complex structure are occupied diurnally, and (2) bay-to-ocean movement, occurring during the known spawning season of L. griseus in this region. Video photography confirmed diel movement among seagrass and mangrove habitats. Results of this subtropical study corroborate direct and indirect evidence obtained in tropical waters of multiple inshore habitat use by L. griseus, as well as its seasonal movement into or towards offshore reefs. For resource managers charged with designing and implementing management plans for subtropical coastal habitats and fisheries, our findings provide direct support for the strategy of conserving both inshore seagrass and mangrove habitats as well as offshore coral reefs. C1 [Luo, Jiangang; Serafy, Joseph E.; Sponaugle, Su; Teare, Paul B.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Serafy, Joseph E.] NOAA Fisheries, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Kieckbusch, David] Milian Swain & Associates Inc, W Palm Beach, FL 33411 USA. RP Luo, JG (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM jluo@rsmas.miami.edu NR 44 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 41 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 380 BP 255 EP 269 DI 10.3354/meps07911 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 443JW UT WOS:000265907000021 ER PT J AU Rooper, CN Martin, MH AF Rooper, Christopher N. Martin, Michael H. TI Predicting presence and abundance of demersal fishes: a model application to shortspine thornyhead Sebastolobus alascanus SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Rockfish; Fish habitat; Fish distributions; Environmental variables; Alaska ID GENERALIZED ADDITIVE-MODELS; HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; ALEUTIAN ISLANDS; BERING-SEA; DEEP-REEF; OREGON; PACIFIC; EASTERN; SLOPE AB Predicting the abundance of marine fishes based on habitat models is often difficult due to the presence of large numbers of zero observations. The objective of this Study was to analyze the ability of a 2-stage model to predict the presence and abundance of a rockfish species, shortspine thornyhead Sebastolobus alascanus. The data used for these analyses were collected during bottom-trawl surveys of the Gulf of Alaska ecosystem from 1993 to 2007 and in the Aleutian Islands ecosystem from 1994 to 2006. The presence of shortspine thornyhead was predicted from the 5th and 95th percentiles of the cumulative distribution function resampled over depth and temperature. The results predicted shortspine thornyhead Would not Occur at depths < 176 m or > 671 m, and presence or absence was correctly predicted at 86.3%, of the trawl survey stations. Environmental variables were then used to model shortspine thornyhead abundance at stations where presence was predicted. The best-fitting model of abundance included the variables depth, local slope, thermocline temperature, shrimp catch per unit effort. (CPUE), and an index of predation refuge. The model explained 72.4% of the variation in 1993-2005 Gulf of Alaska survey data and 73.7% of the variation in the 2007 data from the Gulf of Alaska. The model explained only 23.9%, of the variation in shortspine thornyhead CPUE from the Aleutian Islands bottom-trawl surveys from 1994 to 2006. The habitat model included important variables for survival and growth in order to provide more biologically meaningful results than with other modeling methods. C1 [Rooper, Christopher N.; Martin, Michael H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Rooper, CN (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM chris.rooper@noaa.gov NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 379 BP 253 EP 266 DI 10.3354/meps07906 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 439KE UT WOS:000265625200019 ER PT J AU Wicks, EC Koch, EW O'Neil, JM Elliston, K AF Wicks, E. Caroline Koch, Evamaria W. O'Neil, Judy M. Elliston, Kahla TI Effects of sediment organic content and hydrodynamic conditions on the growth and distribution of Zostera marina SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Seagrass; Zostera marina; Eelgrass; Sediment organic content; Salt marsh; Sediments; Morphology; Nitrogen fixation ID SEAGRASS THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM; SUBMERSED AQUATIC VEGETATION; NUTRIENT REGENERATION; CHESAPEAKE BAY; EELGRASS; NITROGEN; SULFIDE; MORPHOLOGY; REDUCTION; MORTALITY AB The hypothesis that sediment organic content is limiting growth and distribution of the seagrass Zostera marina was tested in Chincoteague Bay, Maryland, and in a controlled mesocosm experiment. In the field, Z. marina was usually absent from areas with sediment organic content > 4%, especially compared with areas with sediment organic content < 4%. In contrast, in a mesocosm experiment, Z marina thrived in organic rich (4 to 6%) sediment, developing long leaves and disproportionately short roots, Such plants have high drag and low anchoring capacity. As a result, Z. marina plants grown in organic rich sediment are more likely to be dislodged than are plants grown in organic poor sand. We hypothesize that when organic rich sediments are found in hydrodynamically active areas, a mismatch occurs between plant morphology and the physical environment, leading to the loss of seagrasses due to uprooting. Therefore, sediment organic content limitations in seagrass habitats need to be evaluated within the local hydrodynamic settings. Fine organic sediment may be less limiting to seagrasses in quiescent waters while sand with low organic content may be required for seagrass survival in hydrodynamically active areas. C1 [Wicks, E. Caroline] NCBO Cooperat Oxford Lab, NOAA UMCES Partnership, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. [Wicks, E. Caroline; Koch, Evamaria W.; O'Neil, Judy M.; Elliston, Kahla] Univ Maryland, Horn Point Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. [Elliston, Kahla] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol, College Stn, TX 78843 USA. RP Wicks, EC (reprint author), NCBO Cooperat Oxford Lab, NOAA UMCES Partnership, 904 S Morris St, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. EM caroline.wicks@noaa.gov RI O'Neil, Judith/F-9024-2013 OI O'Neil, Judith/0000-0002-7697-5299 FU Horn Point Laboratory; University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science (UMCES) [4234]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Maryland Sea Grant; National Science Foundation FX We thank W. Severn for his help with field and laboratory research. This research was supported in part by Horn Point Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science (UMCES), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Maryland Sea Grant, National Science Foundation sponsored Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) Program. This paper is UMCES contribution no. 4234. NR 30 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 40 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 378 BP 71 EP 80 DI 10.3354/meps07885 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 429YF UT WOS:000264955300007 ER PT J AU Schaffler, JJ Reiss, CS Jones, CM AF Schaffler, Jason J. Reiss, Christian S. Jones, Cynthia M. TI Patterns of larval Atlantic croaker ingress into Chesapeake Bay, USA SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Larval ingress; Atlantic croaker; Chesapeake Bay; Depth; Daily age ID TIDAL-STREAM TRANSPORT; CONTINENTAL-SHELF WATERS; NORTH-CAROLINA ESTUARY; FISH LARVAE; MICROPOGONIAS-UNDULATUS; LEIOSTOMUS-XANTHURUS; VERTICAL MIGRATIONS; BEAUFORT INLET; MIXED ESTUARY; MARINE FISHES AB We compared ingress patterns of Atlantic croaker Micropogonias undulatus larvae into Chesapeake Bay, USA, with published ingress patterns through barrier island inlets, the accepted model for larval fish ingress. This model asserts that larvae ingress on night flood tides at the flood-dominated side of the inlet and at all depths. At the Chesapeake Bay mouth and in the adjacent coastal waters, we compared the distribution of abundance, size, age, and growth rates of croaker prior to ingress. In contrast to the barrier island inlet model, croaker larvae were more abundant at depth than closer to the surface regardless of location. However, the response to light was variable, where croaker larvae farther offshore showed no response to light, but croaker larvae in the bay mouth were more abundant at night. Croaker larvae followed an expected pattern of increasing age and length from offshore stations to the bay mouth station. Further, among nearshore coastal stations there was evidence of larger and older croaker larvae at the northern portion of the bay mouth than at middle or southern stations. Patterns in growth were similar at all locations, indicating the likelihood of a single source location or similar environments among transport pathways for croaker larvae. Ingress can occur across the entire mouth of Chesapeake Bay; however, net tidal inflow may result in age and size structuring, which allows more rapid movement into the northern flood-dominated portions of the bay mouth. C1 [Schaffler, Jason J.; Jones, Cynthia M.] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Quantitat Fisheries Ecol, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Reiss, Christian S.] NOAA, Antarctic Res Div, SWFSC, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Schaffler, JJ (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Quantitat Fisheries Ecol, 800 W 46th St, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM jschaffl@odu.edu FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0525964, OCE-9876565] FX We thank J. Hare for participating in planning for and collecting the samples that went into this work. Additional thanks go to S. Turner for assistance in extraction and preparation of otoliths for age and growth analysis, D. N. Naik for statistical advice, and 4 anonymous reviewers whose comments improved the quality of this manuscript. Funding for this work was provided by a grant from the National Science Foundation (OCE-0525964 and OCE-9876565) to C.M.J. NR 58 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 378 BP 187 EP 197 DI 10.3354/meps07861 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 429YF UT WOS:000264955300018 ER PT J AU Cox, MJ Demer, DA Warren, JD Cutter, GR Brierley, AS AF Cox, Martin J. Demer, David A. Warren, Joseph D. Cutter, George R. Brierley, Andrew S. TI Multibeam echosounder observations reveal interactions between Antarctic krill and air-breathing predators SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Antarctic krill; Euphausia superba; Predator-prey interactions; Multibeam echosounder; Swarm morphology; Livingston Island ID SOUTH SHETLAND ISLANDS; EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; TARGET-STRENGTH; MEGANYCTIPHANES-NORVEGICA; VERTICAL MIGRATION; BEHAVIOR; MODEL; SONAR; PREY; ABUNDANCE AB A multibeam echosounder (MBE) was deployed on an inflatable boat (length = 5.5 m) to observe swarms of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba in the nearshore environment off Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Visual observations of air-breathing predators, including penguins and fur seals, were made from the boat at the same time. MBEs extend the 2-dimensional acoustic observations that can be made with conventional vertical echosounders to 3 dimensions, enabling direct observation of the surface areas and volumes of entire krill swarms. Krill swarms exhibited a wide range of various size metrics (e.g. height, length and width) but only a narrow range of surf ace-area-to-volume ratios or 'roughnesses', suggesting that krill adopt a consistent group behavior to maintain swarm shape. The variation in R was investigated using generalized additive models (GAMs). GAMs indicated that the presence of air-breathing predators influenced swarm shape (R decreased as the range to predators decreased, and the swarms became more spherical), as did swarm nearest-neighbor distance (R decreased with increasing distance) and swarm position in the water column (R decreased in the upper 70% of the water column). Therefore, swarm shape appears to be influenced by a combination of behavioral responses to predator presence and environmental variables. MBEs have the potential to contribute much to studies of krill, and can provide data to improve our understanding of the behavior of krill in situ. C1 [Cox, Martin J.; Brierley, Andrew S.] Univ St Andrews, Pelag Ecol Res Grp, Gatty Marine Lab, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. [Demer, David A.; Cutter, George R.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Adv Survey Technol Program, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Warren, Joseph D.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Southampton, NY 11968 USA. RP Cox, MJ (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Pelag Ecol Res Grp, Gatty Marine Lab, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. EM mjc16@st-and.ac.uk RI Brierley, Andrew/G-8019-2011 OI Brierley, Andrew/0000-0002-6438-6892 FU NSF [06-OPP-33939] FX We thank the Royal Society for funds enabling deployment of the MBE; Simrad USA, particularly Jeff Condiotty, for the loan of the SM20, and D. Needham and M. Patterson of Sea Technology Services for designing and constructing the transducer mount. We are grateful to the United States Antarctic Marine Living Resources Program; the Master, officers and crew of the RV 'Yuzhmorgeologiya', and the personnel at the Cape Shirreff field station for logistical, equipment and ship support. M.J.C. was supported by a NERC PhD studentship. This work was carried out in association with an NSF-funded (grant #06-OPP-33939) investigation of the Livingston Island nearshore environment. We thank A. Jenkins, T. S. Sessions and M. van den Berg for skippering the nearshore boats, and T. S. Sessions for providing invaluable expertise in the field. NR 43 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 17 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 378 BP 199 EP 209 DI 10.3354/meps07795 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 429YF UT WOS:000264955300019 ER PT J AU Pendleton, DE Pershing, AJ Brown, MW Mayo, CA Kenney, RD Record, NR Cole, TVN AF Pendleton, Daniel E. Pershing, Andrew J. Brown, Moira W. Mayo, Charles A. Kenney, Robert D. Record, Nicholas R. Cole, Timothy V. N. TI Regional-scale mean copepod concentration indicates relative abundance of North Atlantic right whales SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Eubalaena glacialis; Right whale; Calanus finmarchicus; Prey density; Cape Cod Bay; Great South Channel; Pseudocalanus; Centropages ID GREAT SOUTH CHANNEL; CALANUS-FINMARCHICUS; EUBALAENA-GLACIALIS; GEORGES BANK; ZOOPLANKTON; VARIABILITY; MAINE; GULF; SHELF; BAY AB Management plans to reduce human-caused deaths of North Atlantic right whales Eubalaena glacialis depend, in part, on knowing when and where right whales are likely to be found. Local environmental conditions that influence movements of feeding right whales, such as ultra-dense copepod patches, are unpredictable and ephemeral. We examined the utility of using the regional-scale mean copepod concentration as an indicator of the abundance of right whales in 2 critical habitats off the northeastern coast of the United States: Cape Cod Bay and Great South Channel. Right whales are usually found in Cape Cod Bay during the late winter and early spring, and in the Great South Channel during the late spring and early summer. We found a significant positive relationship between mean concentration of the copepod Calanus finmarchicus in the western Gulf of Maine and the frequency of right whale sightings in the Great South Channel. In Cape Cod Bay we found a significant positive relationship between the mean concentration of other copepods (largely Pseudocalanus spp. and Centropages spp.) and the frequency of right whale sightings. This information could be used to further our understanding of the environmental factors that drive seasonal movement and aggregation of right whales in the Gulf of Maine, and it offers a tool to resource managers and modelers who seek to predict the movements of right whales based upon the concentration of copepods. C1 [Pendleton, Daniel E.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Pendleton, Daniel E.; Pershing, Andrew J.; Record, Nicholas R.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Pendleton, Daniel E.; Pershing, Andrew J.; Record, Nicholas R.] Gulf Maine Res Inst, Portland, ME 04101 USA. [Brown, Moira W.; Mayo, Charles A.] Provincetown Ctr Coastal Studies, Provincetown, MA 02657 USA. [Kenney, Robert D.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Cole, Timothy V. N.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Pendleton, DE (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM dep22@cornell.edu FU NOAA's Right Whale Grants Program; NASA's Applied Science Program; NSF's Information Technology Research Program FX We thank D. J. Osterberg and M. K. Bessinger for collecting and organizing the Cape Cod Bay zooplankton data, and J. W. Jossi for providing the MARMAP and CPR data. We also thank the multitude of people who have Xfrom discussions with members of the New England Aquarium's Right Whale Research team, in particular P. K. Hamilton, A. R. Knowlton, Y. Guibault, M. K. Marx and S. D. Kraus. We thank P. J. Sullivan for encouragement and for helpful comments. This work was supported by NOAA's Right Whale Grants Program, NASA's Applied Science Program, and NSF's Information Technology Research Program, Management of the NARWC database was supported through the URI-NOAA Cooperative Marine Education and Research Program. NR 55 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 19 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 378 BP 211 EP 225 DI 10.3354/meps07832 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 429YF UT WOS:000264955300020 ER PT J AU Pershing, AJ Record, NR Monger, BC Mayo, CA Brown, MW Cole, TVN Kenney, RD Pendleton, DE Woodard, LA AF Pershing, Andrew J. Record, Nicholas R. Monger, Bruce C. Mayo, Charles A. Brown, Moira W. Cole, Timothy V. N. Kenney, Robert D. Pendleton, Daniel E. Woodard, Linda A. TI Model-based estimates of right whale habitat use in the Gulf of Maine SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Eubalaena glacialis; Calanus finmarchicus; Gulf of Maine; Population dynamics; Model ID ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALE; COPEPOD CALANUS-FINMARCHICUS; GREAT SOUTH CHANNEL; GEORGES BANK; UNITED-STATES; ENVIRONMENTAL-MODELS; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; EUBALAENA-GLACIALIS; NORTHEAST ATLANTIC; ZOOPLANKTON AB Balancing human uses of the marine environment with the recovery of protected species requires accurate information on when and where species of interest are likely to be present. Here, we describe a system that can produce useful estimates of right whale Eubalaena glacialis presence and abundance on their feeding grounds in the Gulf of Maine. The foundation of our system is a coupled physical-biological model of the copepod Calan us finmarchicus, the preferred prey of right whales. From the modeled prey densities, we can estimate when whales will appear in the Great South Channel feeding ground. Based on our experience with the system, we consider how the relationship between right whales and copepods changes across spatial scales. The scale-dependent relationship between whales and copepods provides insight into how to improve future estimates of the distribution of right whales and other pelagic predators. C1 [Pershing, Andrew J.; Record, Nicholas R.; Pendleton, Daniel E.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Pershing, Andrew J.; Record, Nicholas R.; Pendleton, Daniel E.] Gulf Maine Res Inst, Portland, ME 04101 USA. [Monger, Bruce C.] Cornell Univ, Ocean Resources & Ecosyst Program, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Mayo, Charles A.; Brown, Moira W.] Provincetown Ctr Coastal Studies, Provincetown, MA 02657 USA. [Brown, Moira W.] New England Aquarium, Boston, MA 02110 USA. [Cole, Timothy V. N.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Kenney, Robert D.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Pendleton, Daniel E.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Woodard, Linda A.] Cornell Univ, Ctr Adv Comp, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Pershing, AJ (reprint author), Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM andrew.pershing@maine.edu FU NOAA's Right Whale Grants Program; NASA's Applied Science Program FX This work has benefited greatly from discussions at the annual North Atlantic Right Whale Consortium meeting. We specifically thank C. Clark for encouraging some of us to get involved in right whale work and for encouraging our efforts. In addition, D. Mountain, R. Merrick, and R. Pace have provided considerable support for our work, and we thank them for challenging us to do something more than just model copepods. Finally, 3 anonymous reviewers provided extensive comments on this manuscript. We are grateful for the time they invested, and their comments led to a much improved paper. This work was supported by NOAA's Right Whale Grants Program and NASA's Applied Science Program. NR 55 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 13 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 378 BP 245 EP 257 DI 10.3354/meps07829 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 429YF UT WOS:000264955300022 ER PT J AU Bailey, H Thompson, PM AF Bailey, Helen Thompson, Paul M. TI Using marine mammal habitat modelling to identify priority conservation zones within a marine protected area SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Special area of conservation; Generalized linear models; Cetaceans; Bottlenose dolphin; Harbour porpoise; Seals; Distribution ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; WHALES BALAENOPTERA-ACUTOROSTRATA; PORPOISES PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; HARBOR PORPOISES; MORAY FIRTH; GREY SEALS; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; BRITISH-ISLES; NORTH-SEA; SCOTLAND AB One common approach to marine conservation is the designation of marine protected areas (MPAs). Marine mammals have been proposed as a target species for such areas due to their role as indicators of ecosystem processes. In NE Scotland, a large multiple-use MPA has been designated to protect bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus. We used broad-scale surveys throughout this MPA to model habitat preferences of different marine mammals. We aimed to investigate the degree of overlap between distributions of different species, the environmental factors influencing their distributions, and the effect of spatial scale on the significance of different environmental predictors. Bottlenose dolphins had a primarily coastal distribution with localised areas of intense use, in contrast to harbour porpoises Phocoena phocoena, harbour seals Phoca vitulina and grey seals Halichoerus grypus, which were widely dispersed throughout the MPA. At larger scales (4 x 4 km grid cells), seal distribution was significantly related to depth, seabed slope, distance to shore and mean sea surface salinity, whereas at the smallest scale (1 x 1 km grid cells), sediment type was also important. This study demonstrated the hierarchical pattern of distributions, with areas of high relative density occurring within a broader protected area that the animals were known to regularly frequent. Habitat preference models therefore provide a valuable tool for determining which areas should be given highest conservation priority and for identifying key locations for further research on interactions between these species and anthropogenic stressors. C1 [Bailey, Helen; Thompson, Paul M.] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Lighthouse Field Stn, Cromarty IV11 8YJ, Ross, Scotland. RP Bailey, H (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, 1352 Lighthouse Ave, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM helen.bailey@noaa.gov RI Bailey, Helen/E-6813-2012; Thompson, Paul /B-6742-2009 OI Bailey, Helen/0000-0001-7445-4687; Thompson, Paul /0000-0001-6195-3284 FU University of Aberdeen; Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society; Talisman Energy (UK) Ltd.; EU FX We are grateful to everyone who helped with the data collection, particularly T. Barton, K. Brookes, B. Cheney, E. Coates, T. Gridley, D. Lusseau, S. Pern, B. Senior and A. Virjee. Thank you to R. Foster-Smith at Envision Mapping Ltd. and Scottish Natural Heritage for providing the high resolution bathymetry and seabed sediment data and to C. Embling, J. Gordon, P. Hammond and S. Mendes for their valuable advice. The software Logger, Whistle and Porpoise Detector were developed by the International Fund for Animal Welfare to promote benign and non-invasive research. Financial support was provided by the University of Aberdeen, Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society, Talisman Energy (UK) Ltd. and the EU DOWNVInD project. NR 44 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 7 U2 62 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 378 BP 279 EP 287 DI 10.3354/meps07887 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 429YF UT WOS:000264955300025 ER PT J AU Reiss, CS Hewes, CD Holm-Hansen, O AF Reiss, Christian S. Hewes, Christopher D. Holm-Hansen, Osmund TI Influence of atmospheric teleconnections and Upper Circumpolar Deep Water on phytoplankton biomass around Elephant Island, Antarctica SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Upper Circumpolar Deep Water; Antarctic; South Shetland Islands; Phytoplankton; El Nino; ENSO; SOI; Sea ice ID WEDDELL-SCOTIA CONFLUENCE; UPPER-OCEAN VARIABILITY; SEA-ICE EXTENT; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DRAKE PASSAGE; PENINSULA; PRODUCTIVITY; CHLOROPHYLL AB Using 18 years of hydrographic data collected during austral summer from 1990 to 2007, we examined the association between atmospheric teleconnections, seasonal mean water column properties and phytoplankton biomass around Elephant Island (EI), Antarctica. We developed an index of the extent of Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (UCDW) in the El region, defined as the mean temperature at the 27.6 kg m(-3) (sigma(t)) isopycnal. We found a positive correlation (r = 0.60; p < 0.001) between this index of UCDW extent and the magnitude of the seasonal Southern Oscillation Index (SOI). No linear secular trend was observed in temperature at the 27.6 sigma(t) isopycnal, but significant interannual patterns of variability were observed and polynomial regression suggested that potential long-term decadal (or longer) scale variability was captured. Mean Upper Mixed Layer (UML) chlorophyll a (chl a) concentration was not correlated with this UCDW index, but was positively correlated with the strength of the SOL Mean integrated chl a biomass of the UML was positively correlated (r = 0.88; p < 0.001) with the mean UML chl a concentration. Stepwise regression showed that variability in mean UML chl a concentration over the 18-yr time series was more strongly correlated with UML temperature than UML depth. Although the correlations were weak, these results suggest that the deepening of the UML during El Nino conditions was likely the result of colder temperatures within the UML that limited bloom conditions over this 18-yr time series, with the opposite pattern during La Nina. C1 [Reiss, Christian S.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Hewes, Christopher D.; Holm-Hansen, Osmund] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Polar Res Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Reiss, CS (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM christian.reiss@noaa.gov FU US AMLR program; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; U.S. Department of Commerce [NA17RJ1231] FX This work was supported by the US AMLR program, administered by the Antarctic Ecosystem Research Division at NOAA's Southwest Fisheries Research Center, La Jolla, California, funded in part by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce under a series of continuing grants to O.H.-H., most recently NA17RJ1231. We thank all the researchers who helped collect these data over the last 18 yr. We thank V. Loeb and S. McClatchie who provided helpful comments on different versions of this manuscript. NR 54 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 377 BP 51 EP 62 DI 10.3354/meps07840 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 424HH UT WOS:000264557300006 ER PT J AU Love, JW Luers, DF Williams, BD AF Love, Joseph W. Luers, Daniel F. Williams, Branson D. TI Spatio-temporal patterns of larval fish ingress to Chincoteague Bay, Maryland, USA during winter and spring 2004 to 2007 SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Environment; Coastal bay; Inlet; Recruitment; Marine; Estuary ID CANONICAL CORRESPONDENCE-ANALYSIS; CROAKER MICROPOGONIAS-UNDULATUS; MENHADEN BREVOORTIA-TYRANNUS; 1997-1998 EL-NINO; NORTH-CAROLINA; ASSEMBLAGE STRUCTURE; ANGUILLA-ROSTRATA; EAST-COAST; BEAUFORT INLET; UNITED-STATES AB We documented larval fish ingress to Chincoteague Bay (Maryland, USA) for 3 field seasons (December 2004 to April 2005, November 2005 to April 2006, November 2006 to April 2007) to evaluate spatial and temporal differences in ichthyoplankton catches. Larval fish assemblages were represented by 11 species. The most abundant larvae included American eel Anguilla rostrata, summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus, and spot Leiostomus xanthurus. Common larval fishes did not differ in number between northern and southern inlets that provide access between Chincoteague Bay and the Atlantic Ocean, but did differ among years and between seasons. Wind angle and offshore water temperature were predictive of ingress for some species, but patterns were not strong. Canonical correspondence analyses of ichthyoplankton assemblage data indicated that ingress was better predicted by season and year rather than specific environmental variables (e.g. offshore water temperature, moon phase, wind angle). Seasonal patterns in larval fish ingress were consistent with those from other coastal lagoon networks along the eastern USA seaboard. Preliminary work suggests that interannual variation in larval fish abundance was generally related to juvenile fish abundance. We encourage more efforts aimed at larval fish monitoring, which may serve as a relatively inexpensive method for addressing larger spatio-temporal scale questions about fish recruitment. C1 [Love, Joseph W.; Luers, Daniel F.; Williams, Branson D.] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, NOAA Living Marine Resources Cooperat Sci Ctr, Dept Nat Sci, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. RP Love, JW (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, NOAA Living Marine Resources Cooperat Sci Ctr, Dept Nat Sci, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. EM jlove@umes.edu FU NOAA Living Marine Resources Cooperative Science Center [NA060AR4810163] FX We gratefully acknowledge the sampling efforts of many field volunteers who assisted with our sampling program. We also thank J. Hare, H. Walsh, J. Merriner, G. Bath-Martin and K. W. Able for help with experimental design and sampling protocol. We also thank M. Luisi for providing data on juvenile fish abundance in coastal lagoons of Maryland. This work was funded by grants to JW.L. from NOAA Living Marine Resources Cooperative Science Center (Grant #NA060AR4810163). NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 377 BP 203 EP 212 DI 10.3354/meps07843 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 424HH UT WOS:000264557300020 ER PT J AU Wahle, RA Gibson, M Fogarty, M AF Wahle, Richard A. Gibson, Mark Fogarty, Michael TI Distinguishing disease impacts from larval supply effects in a lobster fishery collapse SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Homarus americanus; Larval supply; Shell disease; Open population; Recruitment; Forecasting; Stock assessment ID BENTHIC MARINE-INVERTEBRATES; LONG-ISLAND-SOUND; AMERICAN LOBSTER; HOMARUS-AMERICANUS; SHELL DISEASE; CORAL-REEF; RECRUITMENT; TEMPERATURE; MORTALITY; ECOLOGY AB We describe a time series analysis that differentiates the effects of variable larval supply and the mortality impact of shell disease on cohorts of the American lobster Homarus americanus in a southern New England, USA, coastal population. Prior to the onset of a shell disease epizootic in 1997, larval settlement alone fully explained 82% of the variation in the numbers of pre-recruit lobsters about to enter the Rhode Island lobster fishery. With the onset of shell disease, however, the model required an additional term for disease prevalence to provide a sufficient statistical fit to the observed data. Neither time trends in bottom temperature nor predatory fish provided significant additional explanatory power for variability in pre-recruit abundance. To our knowledge, this analysis constitutes the first demonstration in which cohorts of a benthic marine invertebrate have been successfully tracked from settlement to the threshold of a fishery by accounting for the joint effects of variable supply of new recruits and subsequent disease during post-settlement years. As such, it illustrates how factors altering the rate of post-settlement mortality over time can obscure predictive relationships between settlement and subsequent recruitment. A tight spawner-to-recruit linkage is therefore unlikely in coastal Rhode Island. The analysis underscores the value of maintaining parallel time series of different life stages, as well as the need to better quantify both pre- and post-settlement mechanisms that influence cohort success in marine populations. C1 [Wahle, Richard A.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 USA. [Gibson, Mark] Rhode Isl Div Fish & Wildlife, Jamestown, RI 02835 USA. [Fogarty, Michael] NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02835 USA. RP Wahle, RA (reprint author), Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 USA. EM rwahle@bigelow.org FU US National Science Foundation; NOAA Sea Grant FX Research support for the development of the lobster settlement index was provided by grants to R.A.W. from the US National Science Foundation and NOAA Sea Grant. Support for the trawl survey and continued settlement monitoring were provided by the Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management. We thank M. Bertness, A. Pershing and C. Bergeron for discussion and comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. NR 40 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 20 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 376 BP 185 EP 192 DI 10.3354/meps07803 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 416IR UT WOS:000263999900015 ER PT J AU Kristiansen, T Lough, RG Werner, FE Broughton, EA Buckley, LJ AF Kristiansen, Trond Lough, R. Gregory Werner, Francisco E. Broughton, Elisabeth A. Buckley, Larry J. TI Individual-based modeling of feeding ecology and prey selection of larval cod on Georges Bank SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Feeding ecology; Individual-based model; Cod; Larval fish; Georges Bank; Gadus morhua; Prey selection ID HADDOCK MELANOGRAMMUS-AEGLEFINUS; GADUS-MORHUA; ATLANTIC COD; PREDATOR AVOIDANCE; HABITAT SELECTION; ENCOUNTER RATES; ESCAPE BEHAVIOR; CLASS STRENGTH; PELAGIC FISH; SEA COD AB Understanding larval fish survival dynamics is essential to determining variability in future adult population structure. Realistic modeling of larval fish feeding ecology depends on incorporating both the biotic and abiotic conditions that affect predator-prey interactions. We used an individual-based model (IBM) to test which variables drive Atlantic larval cod Gadus morhua feeding preferences. The IBM included a bioenergetics component that incorporated metabolic parameters and growth and a mechanistic prey selection component that depended on larval development and behavior, prey size and behavior, depth, light, and physical oceanographic conditions. We applied our model to Georges Bank and incorporated high-resolution field data on environmental conditions and prey abundance to analyze larval cod feeding ecology. Based on simulated selectivity indices, we found that cod prey selection was determined by differential encounter of prey due to the abundance of suitably sized prey, their visibility, and larval cod ability to capture these prey items. The model suggested that Pseudocalanus spp. were the dominant prey species for larval cod because of their abundance in the water column and their large image area. Centropages spp. were also modeled to be an important part of larval diet, but no copepodite stages of this taxon were found in gut samples. Lack of Centropages spp. in the gut samples indicated that they are more elusive in their behavior than Pseudocalanus spp. Overall our results suggest larval cod feeding ecology on Georges Bank is a consequence of the physical and biological conditions rather than active prey selection. C1 [Kristiansen, Trond; Werner, Francisco E.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Lough, R. Gregory; Broughton, Elisabeth A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Buckley, Larry J.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, NOAA, CMER Program, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Kristiansen, T (reprint author), Inst Marine Res, POB 1870, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. EM trond.kristiansen@imr.no OI Kristiansen, Trond/0000-0001-6121-297X FU Norwegian Research Council; NSF/NOAA FX The authors thank E. R. Selig and 3 anonymous reviewers for very helpful comments and suggestions on the manuscript. We acknowledge support from the Norwegian Research Council through the ECOBE program, and from NSF/NOAA through the US-GLOBEC Phase 4B program. This is GLOBEC contribution number 617. NR 62 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 18 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 376 BP 227 EP 243 DI 10.3354/meps07796 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 416IR UT WOS:000263999900019 ER PT J AU Zador, SG Parrish, JK Punt, AE AF Zador, Stephani G. Parrish, Julia K. Punt, Andre E. TI Factors influencing subcolony colonization and persistence in a colonial seabird, the common murre Uria aalge SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Common murre; Uria aalge; Population dynamics; Top-down forcing; Bottom-up forcing ID BREEDING HABITAT SELECTION; LONG-LIVED SEABIRD; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; PUBLIC INFORMATION; OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; MARINE SURVIVAL; TIME-BUDGETS AB Within an established seabird colony the choice of where to settle can be influenced by site fidelity, natal philopatry or public information. To form a new colony individuals must choose before philopatry has been established or public information is available. We explored the intracolony dynamics of common murres Uria aalge, specifically the formation and persistence of new subcolonies within a larger colony complex composed of numerous contiguous groups. We investigated the effects of (1) environmental conditions that influence the prey base, (2) predator disturbance, and (3) population size change on colonization patterns and modeled the persistence of recently colonized murre subcolonies as a function of their starting population sizes. Marine environmental conditions in the 2 winters previous to the breeding season had more influence than demographic and predator factors on whether subcolony colonizations occurred. The number of murres in the first year of colonization helped to explain the persistence of the subcolony, regardless of the amount of available nesting habitat within a subcolony area. Subcolonies that started out larger were more likely to persist. The results support the theory that the proportion of the entire murre population that attempts to breed in a given year is higher in years with favorable environmental conditions prior to the breeding season. Increased knowledge of murre colony formation may help scientists and managers understand the potential for recolonizations after colony extirpations or better predict the success of management actions such as social attraction or habitat modification. C1 [Zador, Stephani G.; Parrish, Julia K.; Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Zador, SG (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM stephani.zador@noaa.gov OI Punt, Andre/0000-0001-8489-2488 FU Tenyo Maru Trustee Council; University of Washing-ton, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences FX We gratefully acknowledge the efforts of C. French, N. Hamel and many others who collected data on murres on Tatoosh Island, and R. Paine, who generously provided data on eagle counts. We thank the Makah Indian Nation, who granted us permission to work on Tatoosh Island. Comments from D. Ainley and 3 anonymous reviewers helped to improve the manuscript. S.G.Z. was funded in part by the Tenyo Maru Trustee Council and the University of Washing-ton, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences. NR 72 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 17 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 376 BP 283 EP 293 DI 10.3354/meps07797 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 416IR UT WOS:000263999900023 ER PT J AU Lundsten, L Barry, JP Cailliet, GM Clague, DA DeVogelaere, AP Geller, JB AF Lundsten, Lonny Barry, James P. Cailliet, Gregor M. Clague, David A. DeVogelaere, Andrew P. Geller, Jonathan B. TI Benthic invertebrate communities on three seamounts off southern and central California, USA SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Seamount biology; Deep-sea corals; Seamount invertebrate communities; Endemism ID DEEP-SEA; PRIMNOA-RESEDAEFORMIS; PACIFIC SEAMOUNTS; CORALS; GROWTH; TOPOGRAPHY; PATTERNS; ENDEMISM; IMPACTS; ECOLOGY AB Seamounts are unique and biologically productive deep-sea habitats that have often been described as having high levels of endemism, highly productive fisheries, and benthic communities vulnerable to trawl fishing. We describe the abundance and distribution of benthic megafaunal invertebrates found on 3 seamounts off central and southern California. Video observations were taken during 27 dives of a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) and were annotated in detail using the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute's (MBARI) video annotation reference system (VARS, http://vars.sourceforge.net/). Video analysis yielded 134 477 observations of 202 identified invertebrate taxa. Video transects were analyzed to quantify organism density. Thirteen new species were observed and collected. Invertebrate communities at Davidson and Pioneer Seamounts were dominated by passive suspension-feeding cnidarians (mostly corals), but at Rodriguez Seamount, a guyot, the invertebrate community was dominated by holothurian echinoderms. We found no evidence of endemism among the megafauna a: these 3 seamounts, which are all in close proximity to each other and the continental margin. C1 [Lundsten, Lonny; Barry, James P.; Clague, David A.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Cailliet, Gregor M.; Geller, Jonathan B.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [DeVogelaere, Andrew P.] Monterey Bay Natl Marine Sanctuary, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Lundsten, L (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, 7700 Sandholdt Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM lonny@mbari.org FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation; NOAA's Office of Ocean Exploration FX We are grateful for support from the pilots of the ROV 'Tiburon' and the crew of the RV 'Western Flyer'. We also acknowledge the assistance of E. Lundsten, C. R. McClain, S. von Thun, W. Ussler III, K. Schlining, B. Schlining, L. Kuhnz, N. Jacobsen Stout, J. Connor, E. Burton and anonymous referees who helped improve the manuscript. Several taxonomists, including S. Cairns, H. Reiswig, W. Lee, G. Williams, C. Mah, C. Messing, and R. Mooi, contributed significantly to this study. This work was supported by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation and NOAA's Office of Ocean Exploration. NR 42 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 14 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 374 BP 23 EP 32 DI 10.3354/meps07745 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 405LW UT WOS:000263227300004 ER PT J AU Becker, JJ Sandwell, DT Smith, WHF Braud, J Binder, B Depner, J Fabre, D Factor, J Ingalls, S Kim, SH Ladner, R Marks, K Nelson, S Pharaoh, A Trimmer, R Von Rosenberg, J Wallace, G Weatherall, P AF Becker, J. J. Sandwell, D. T. Smith, W. H. F. Braud, J. Binder, B. Depner, J. Fabre, D. Factor, J. Ingalls, S. Kim, S-H. Ladner, R. Marks, K. Nelson, S. Pharaoh, A. Trimmer, R. Von Rosenberg, J. Wallace, G. Weatherall, P. TI Global Bathymetry and Elevation Data at 30 Arc Seconds Resolution: SRTM30_PLUS SO MARINE GEODESY LA English DT Article DE Global bathymetry; satellite altimetry ID ERS-1 GEODETIC MISSION; SATELLITE ALTIMETRY; FLOOR; PREDICTION; TOPOGRAPHY; GEOSAT; OCEAN AB A new 30-arc second resolution global topography/bathymetry grid (SRTM30_PLUS) has been developed from a wide variety of data sources. Land and ice topography comes from the SRTM30 and ICESat topography, respectively. Ocean bathymetry is based on a new satellite-gravity model where the gravity-to-topography ratio is calibrated using 298 million edited soundings. The main contribution of this study is the compilation and editing of the raw soundings, which come from NOAA, individual scientists, SIO, NGA, JAMSTEC, IFREMER, GEBCO, and NAVOCEANO. The gridded bathymetry is available for ftp download in the same format as the 33 tiles of SRTM30 topography. There are 33 matching tiles of source identification number to convey the provenance of every grid cell. The raw sounding data, converted to a simple common format, are also available for ftp download. C1 [Becker, J. J.; Sandwell, D. T.; Binder, B.; Kim, S-H.; Ladner, R.; Nelson, S.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Smith, W. H. F.; Marks, K.] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Braud, J.; Depner, J.; Fabre, D.] USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Factor, J.; Ingalls, S.; Trimmer, R.; Von Rosenberg, J.; Wallace, G.] Natl Geospatial Intelligence Agcy, St Louis, MO USA. [Factor, J.; Ingalls, S.; Trimmer, R.; Von Rosenberg, J.; Wallace, G.] Natl Geospatial Intelligence Agcy, Bethesda, MD USA. [Pharaoh, A.] Int Hydrog Bur, Monaco, Monaco. [Weatherall, P.] British Oceanog Data Ctr, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. RP Sandwell, DT (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 1102 IGPP, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM dsandwell@ucsd.edu RI Marks, Karen/F-5610-2010; Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011; Smith, Walter/F-5627-2010; OI Marks, Karen/0000-0001-6524-1495; Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611; Smith, Walter/0000-0002-8814-015X; Sandwell, David/0000-0001-5657-8707 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-06-1-0140]; National Science Foundation [OCE0825045] FX Scott Nelson, Seung-Hee Kim, and Breanna Binder cheerfully edited several hundred million single and multibeam soundings. We thank RADM Christian Andreasen for his guidance and review of the research. This research was partly supported by the Office of Naval Research (N00014-06-1-0140) and the National Science Foundation (OCE0825045). The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U. S. Government. NR 41 TC 329 Z9 339 U1 5 U2 36 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0419 J9 MAR GEOD JI Mar. Geod. PY 2009 VL 32 IS 4 BP 355 EP 371 DI 10.1080/01490410903297766 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA 523TT UT WOS:000272098200002 ER PT J AU Parrish, FA AF Parrish, Frank A. TI Do monk seals exert top-down pressure in subphotic ecosystems ? SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE deep water; marine fish; monk seals; seamounts; Monachus schauinslandi; foraging; predator control ID NORTHWESTERN HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; MONACHUS-SCHAUINSLANDI; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; COBB SEAMOUNT; HABITAT; SURVIVAL; PRODUCTIVITY; MOVEMENTS; COMMUNITY AB Patterns of subphotic fish assemblages on seamounts in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands were identified and compared for potential structuring influences, including the bottom-up effects of regional oceanic productivity and top-down predation pressure exerted by visiting monk seals (Monachus schauinslandi). Patterns in fish size, density, and biomass were evaluated at the deep extreme (350-500 m) of the seals feeding range to avoid confounding effects of diverse shallow habitats (e.g., coral reefs). Fish number and size were used to calculate biomass density of the seamount fish assemblages that were then compared to the independent variables of summit depth, substrate type, relief, oceanic productivity, distance to seal colonies, and seal colony population. Only the variables of distance to seal colony and seal colony population were retained in a multiple regression model that explained 31% of the variance. Despite the presence of obvious regional differences in oceanic productivity, the overall patterns in the subphotic fish assemblages are better explained by the top-down hypothesis of predation pressure from monk seals. C1 NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Parrish, FA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM frank.parrish@noaa.gov FU NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration FX Submersible time provided by the NOAA Undersea Research Program/Hawaii Undersea Research Laboratory (HURL) with support from the NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration. Fellow observers included Raymond Boland, Richard Grigg, Bruce Mundy, Robert Moffitt, Walter Ikehara, Francis Oishi, and Sean Corson. Reviews were provided by Lyndon Wester, Charles Birkeland, Matt McGranaghan, Sheila Conant, Ross Sutherland, Charles Littnan, Bud Antonelis, Jeffrey Polovina, and two anonymous reviewers. Fish photos were provided by HURL. NR 49 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 25 IS 1 BP 91 EP 106 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2008.00245.x PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 394VI UT WOS:000262479000006 ER PT J AU Scott, MD Chivers, SJ AF Scott, Michael D. Chivers, Susan J. TI Movements and diving behavior of pelagic spotted dolphins SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE radio tracking; diving; feeding; spotted dolphin; Stenella attenuata; purse-seine fishery; eastern tropical Pacific Ocean; ETP ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; STENELLA-ATTENUATA; FEEDING-HABITS; PREY; SEA; AGGREGATIONS; CETACEANS; PORPOISE AB We radio tracked 20 pantropical spotted dolphins (Stenella attenuata) in the pelagic waters of the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean during three research cruises in 1992, 1993, and 2001. Dolphins were tracked for up to 6 d from 20 to 1,000 km offshore. Seventeen of these dolphins also carried time-depth recorders, nine of which were recovered with a combined total of 477 h of dive data. The movement data suggested that the dolphins associate with areas of relatively high biological productivity. Dolphins close to shore moved along the continental slope, while some dolphins traveled farther offshore along thermocline "ridges." Tracking and tagging multiple dolphins demonstrated the dynamic nature of dolphin herds, which change size and membership over the course of a day. At night, the dolphins traveled more slowly but dove deeper and longer, with more rapid ascents and descents than during daylight hours. These nighttime dive characteristics support the hypothesis suggested by some food habit studies that spotted dolphins are nocturnal feeders. Comparison of dive data with acoustic backscatter data indicates that spotted dolphins typically begin and end nighttime feeding activities with dusk and dawn diving bouts that track the vertical migration of organisms associated with the deep scattering layer. C1 [Scott, Michael D.] Scripps Inst Oceanog, Inter Amer Trop Tuna Commiss, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Chivers, Susan J.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. RP Scott, MD (reprint author), Scripps Inst Oceanog, Inter Amer Trop Tuna Commiss, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM mscott@iattc.org FU NMFS; IATTC; Dolphin Biology Research Institute FX It became evident early in this study that its success depended greatly on the cooperation, experience, and skill of the captains and crews of the tuna seiners and the McArthur. The skippers of the purse seiners showed much patience, and their experience allowed us to capture the dolphins as safely and effectively as possible. The skill and persistence of these skippers and their crews were particularly valuable in the recapturing of the dolphins tagged with TDRs. CDR Dave Peterson, CDR Michelle Bullock, CDR Craig Bailey, and the crew of the McArthur provided support, advice, and encouragement to safely conduct our operations. The crew integrated themselves into every facet of the research: tagging and tracking dolphins, logistical support, and collecting environmental data. The purse seiners were chartered by the NMFS (1992, 2001), the IATTC (1993, 2001), and the Programa Nacional para el Aprovechamiento del Atun y Proteccion de los Delfines of Mexico (1993). Funding was provided by the NMFS, the IATTC, and Dolphin Biology Research Institute. We thank the small army of people from the IATTC, NMFS, and the NOAA Corps who supported the project logistically. We thank the biologists who accompanied us in the field: Gabriel Aldana, Eric Archer, Wes Armstrong, Jenny Asch, David Au, Lisa Ballance, Ernesto Beyliss Cortez, Dave Bratten, Kerri Danil, Karin Forney, Marco Garcia, Roger Geertsema, Jim Gilpatrick, Kim Holland, Rick Lindsey, Bill McLellan, Erin Meagher, Greg O'Corry-Crowe, Bob Olson, Bob Pitman, Jesus Ramirez, Howard Rhinehart, David St. Aubin, Forrest Townsend, Andrew Westgate, Bradley Wetherbee, Suzanne Yin, and Ernesto Vasquez. Jessica Redfern and Liz Zele processed and provided the echosounder data, David Demer and Roy Allen who assisted in the production of the manuscript's graphics, and Cleridy Lennert-Cody who provided statistical help. We also thank several reviewers whose suggestions helped improve the manuscript: Jay Barlow, Bill Bayliff, Liz Edwards, Janet Mann, Bob Olson, Bill Perrin, Steve Reilly, Barb Taylor, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 48 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 25 IS 1 BP 137 EP 160 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2008.00241.x PG 24 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 394VI UT WOS:000262479000009 ER PT J AU Bradford, AL Weller, DW Ivashchenko, YV Burdin, AM Brownell, RL AF Bradford, Amanda L. Weller, David W. Ivashchenko, Yulia V. Burdin, Alexander M. Brownell, Robert L., Jr. TI Anthropogenic scarring of western gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE anthropogenic scarring; entanglement; Eschrichtius robustus; photo-identification; species conservation; vessel collision; western gray whale ID ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALES; BALAENA-MYSTICETUS; HIGH AGREEMENT; LOW KAPPA; ENTANGLEMENTS; COLLISIONS; PARADOXES; MORTALITY; STOCK AB Western gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) are critically endangered and anthropogenic threats, such as entanglement in fishing gear and collisions with vessels, may be acting to limit recovery of the population. Thus, examining the magnitude of such anthropogenic interactions using a scar-based approach is warranted. A multi-year (1995-2005) photo-identification study of western gray whales on their feeding ground off northeastern Sakhalin Island, Russia, has resulted in a large data set of digital and film images of 150 individuals. These images were reviewed and scored for anthropogenic scarring by recording the presence of visible scars resulting from fishing gear entanglement and vessel collisions in 21 defined body regions. In total, 20.0% (n = 30) of whales identified during the study period had detectable anthropogenic scarring, with 18.7% (n = 28) determined to have been previously entangled in fishing gear at least once and 2.0% (n = 3) to have survived at least one vessel collision. These estimates are likely to be conservative given the nature of the photo-identification data set, but indicate that male and female western gray whales are subject to anthropogenic interactions. Future studies designed to systematically estimate the frequency and rates of anthropogenic events are needed and would have direct conservation and management implications. C1 [Bradford, Amanda L.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Weller, David W.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Ivashchenko, Yulia V.; Burdin, Alexander M.] Russian Acad Sci, Far E Branch, Kamchatka Branch Pacific Inst Geog, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683024, Russia. [Burdin, Alexander M.] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Burdin, Alexander M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Brownell, Robert L., Jr.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Bradford, AL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, POB 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM alb992@u.washington.edu FU Alaska SeaLife Center; Animal Welfare Institute; Exxon Neftegas Limited; International Fund for Animal Welfare; International Whaling Commission; Marine Mammal Commission; Marine Mammal Research Program at Texas A&M University at Galveston; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; National Marine Fisheries Service; Ocean Park Conservation Foundation Hong Kong; Sakhalin Energy Investment Company; School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences at the University of Washington; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit FX Much appreciation goes to the many participants of the western gray whale photo-identification project. We also thank S. Ashworth and J. Sumich for their preparatory contributions to the scar assessment and M. Marx, J. Neilson, and J. Robbins for their willingness to serve as expert reviewers of the anthropogenic scar determinations. A. Lang and four anonymous referees provided helpful reviews of the manuscript. Support and funding for western gray whales studies have been provided by (in alphabetical order): Alaska SeaLife Center, Animal Welfare Institute, Exxon Neftegas Limited, the International Fund for Animal Welfare, the International Whaling Commission, the Marine Mammal Commission, the Marine Mammal Research Program at Texas A&M University at Galveston, the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, the National Marine Fisheries Service, Ocean Park Conservation Foundation Hong Kong, Sakhalin Energy Investment Company, the School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences at the University of Washington, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. This project was conducted as part of the Marine Mammal Project under Area V: Protection of Nature and the Organization of Reserves within the U.S.-Russia Agreement on Cooperation in the Field of Environmental Protection. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 25 IS 1 BP 161 EP 175 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2008.00253.x PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 394VI UT WOS:000262479000010 ER PT J AU Steinback, S Wallmo, K Clay, P AF Steinback, Scott Wallmo, Kristy Clay, Patricia TI Saltwater sport fishing for food or income in the Northeastern US: Statistical estimates and policy implications SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Saltwater sport fishing for food; Recreational fishing management; Environmental justice ID CONSUMPTION; RISK AB In the Northeast US fishery managers have attempted to control marine recreational fishing mortality through annual adjustments to the number and/or size of fish that can be kept. These measures, with a few exceptions, have generally failed to prevent recreational fishing mortality rates from exceeding annual target levels. In this study, we show that one of the reasons why keep limits may have failed is that a substantial number of anglers obtain little value from being able to keep self-caught fish. Our findings are based on a telephone survey administered to marine anglers in all of the coastal counties in the Northeast US in 2004/2005. To evaluate the importance of keeping self-caught fish, we provide estimates of the size of the marine angling population in the Northeast US that keeps fish for food or income and also for those that fish primarily for recreation and place little or no value on keeping fish. Demographic characteristics of the two groups of anglers are compared statistically and differences related to consumption of self-caught marine resources and to health warning advisories are discussed. We also estimate the size of the Northeast US angling population that relies on their self-caught marine resources as a cost-saving food source or as a supplement to household income. This information Could improve the effectiveness of fisheries regulations and the ability of policy analysts to predict how anglers might be affected by proposed fishery management actions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Steinback, Scott; Clay, Patricia] NOAA Fisheries, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Wallmo, Kristy] NOAA Fisheries, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Steinback, S (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM Scott.Steinback@noaa.gov NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 33 IS 1 BP 49 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2008.04.001 PG 9 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA 390TI UT WOS:000262186200005 ER PT J AU McFadden, KW Barnes, C AF McFadden, Katherine W. Barnes, Cassandra TI The implementation of an ecosystem approach to management within a federal government agency SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Ecosystem management; NOAA; Ecosystem approach to management; Marine resources; Federal government AB This study examined how the United States' National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has begun to implement and change its management strategy towards one of an ecosystem approach to management (EAM). In 2005, surveys were conducted with NOAA scientists and resource managers in nine NOAA programs in eight geographic regions across the United States. We quantitatively examined temporal and spatial trends in NOAA's EAM project implementation. Through a qualitative analysis of the data, we identified important lessons learned, best practices, and challenges of NOAA EAM projects. A content analysis identified three of the most frequently provided "success strategies" and include: (1) encouraging collaborations, (2) utilizing multidisciplinary approaches, and (3) identifying common priorities among constituents. We conclude with recommendations for initiatives that NOAA, and others interested in EAM, can undertake to facilitate further ecosystem management opportunities. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [McFadden, Katherine W.] Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Environm Biol, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Barnes, Cassandra] NOAA, Educ Partnership Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP McFadden, KW (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Environm Biol, 1200 Amsterdam Ave,MC 5557, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM kwm6@columbia.edu; Cassandra.Barnes@noaa.gov NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 33 IS 1 BP 156 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2008.05.007 PG 8 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA 390TI UT WOS:000262186200017 ER PT J AU Ward, JM Kelly, M AF Ward, John M. Kelly, Michael TI Measuring management success: Experience with United States fisheries SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Stock collapse; Fisheries management failure; Cost-benefit analysis; Multi-disciplinary scientific management framework; Ecosystems approach to fisheries management ID MARINE FISHERIES; SHRIMP FISHERY; MODEL; SEA; MEXICO; GULF AB Many articles have been published in recent years criticizing the management of living marine resources based solely on biological stock conservation criteria. In the United States and in many parts of the rest of the world, multiple management objectives and goals in addition to stock conservation must be met by fishery managers responsible for the marine resources under their control. An alternative management metric, conservation efficiency, is recommended based instead on a multi-disciplinary scientific framework that captures these different goals and the behavior of participants in the fishery. On the basis of the constraints facing managers, resources can be conserved and the quality of life of consumptive and nonconsumptive fishery participants improved. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ward, John M.; Kelly, Michael] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Div Partnerships & Commun, Off Sustainable Fisheries, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Ward, JM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Div Partnerships & Commun, Off Sustainable Fisheries, 1315 E W Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM john.M.Ward@noaa.gov; Michael.Kelly@noaa.gov NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 33 IS 1 BP 164 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2008.05.008 PG 8 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA 390TI UT WOS:000262186200018 ER PT J AU Williams, M Longstaff, B Buchanan, C Llanso, R Dennison, W AF Williams, Michael Longstaff, Ben Buchanan, Claire Llanso, Roberto Dennison, William TI Development and evaluation of a spatially-explicit index of Chesapeake Bay health SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Chesapeake Bay; Chlorophyll-a; Dissolved oxygen; Environmental health index; Secchi depth; Submerged aquatic vegetation; Water quality ID GLOBAL NITROGEN-CYCLE; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; WATER-QUALITY; AQUATIC VEGETATION; TIDAL TRIBUTARIES; BENTHIC INDEX; LAND-USE; EUTROPHICATION; ESTUARINE; CONSEQUENCES AB In an effort to better portray changing health conditions in Chesapeake Bay and support restoration efforts, a Bay Health Index (BHI) was developed to assess the ecological effects of nutrient and sediment loading on 15 regions of the estuary. Three water quality and three biological measures were combined to formulate the BHI. Water quality measures of chlorophyll-a, dissolved oxygen, and Secchi depth were averaged to create the Water Quality Index (WQI), and biological measures of the phytoplankton and benthic indices of biotic integrity (P-IBI and B-IBI, respectively) and the area of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) were averaged to create the Biotic Index (BI). The WQI and BI were subsequently averaged to give a BHI value representing ecological conditions over the growing season (i.e., March-October). Lower chlorophyll-a concentrations, higher dissolved oxygen concentrations, deeper Secchi depths, higher phytoplankton and benthic indices relative to ecological health-based thresholds, and more extensive SAV area relative to restoration goal areas, characterized the least-impaired regions. The WQI, P-BI and BHI were significantly correlated with (1) regional river flow (r = -0.64, -0.57 and -0.49, respectively; p < 0.01), (2) nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and sediment loads (all positively correlated with flow), and (3) the sum of developed and agricultural land use (highest annual r(2) = 0.86, 0.71 and 0.68, respectively) in most reporting regions, indicating that the BHI is strongly regulated by nutrient and sediment loads from these land uses. The BHI uses ecological health-based thresholds that give an accurate representation of the health conditions in Chesapeake Bay and was the basis for an annual, publicly released environmental report card that debuted in 2007. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Williams, Michael; Dennison, William] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Annapolis Synth Ctr, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Longstaff, Ben] UMCES Partnership, NOAA, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. [Buchanan, Claire] Interstate Commiss Potomac River Basin, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Llanso, Roberto] Versar Inc, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. RP Williams, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Annapolis Synth Ctr, Suite 301, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. EM williams@umces.edu RI Dennison, William/D-7739-2012 FU Tidal Monitoring and Analysis Workgroup (TMAW); Living Resources and Analysis Workgroup (LivRAW) of the Chesapeake Bay Program FX The authors would like to acknowledge the Tidal Monitoring and Analysis Workgroup (TMAW) and the Living Resources and Analysis Workgroup (LivRAW) of the Chesapeake Bay Program who contributed to the development of this index. We would also like to thank Ananda Ranasinghe and one anonymous reviewer for their contributions to this manuscript. NR 51 TC 23 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 39 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PY 2009 VL 59 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 14 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.11.018 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 420PG UT WOS:000264301100003 PM 19117579 ER PT J AU DiDonato, GT Stewart, JR Sanger, DM Robinson, BJ Thompson, BC Holland, AF Van Dolah, RF AF DiDonato, Guy T. Stewart, Jill R. Sanger, Denise M. Robinson, Brian J. Thompson, Brian C. Holland, A. Frederick Van Dolah, Robert F. TI Effects of changing land use on the microbial water quality of tidal creeks SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Tidal creeks; Sentinel habitat; Watershed; Microbial indicators; Coliphage; Urbanization ID CAROLINA COASTAL ESTUARIES; SALT-MARSH SEDIMENTS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; INDICATOR BACTERIA; FECAL-COLIFORM; RECREATIONAL WATERS; RNA BACTERIOPHAGES; SURFACE WATERS; FRESH-WATER; COLIPHAGES AB Population growth along the southeastern United States coast has precipitated the conversion of forested watersheds to suburban and urban ones. This study sampled creeks representing forested, suburban, and urban watersheds along a longitudinal gradient for indicators of water quality, including traditional indicator bacteria (fecal coliforms and enterococci) and alternative viral indicators (male-specific and somatic coliphages). Tested microorganisms were generally distributed with highest concentrations in creek headwaters and in more developed watersheds. The headwaters also showed the strongest predictive relationship between indicator concentrations and urbanization as measured by impervious cover. A seasonal pattern was observed for indicator bacteria but not for indicator viruses. Coliphage typing indicated the likely source of contamination was nonhuman. Results suggest that headwater creeks can serve as sentinel habitat, signaling early warning of public health concerns from land-based anthropogenic activities. This study also implies the potential to eventually forecast indicator concentrations under land use change scenarios. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [DiDonato, Guy T.; Holland, A. Frederick] NOAA, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Stewart, Jill R.; Robinson, Brian J.; Thompson, Brian C.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA. [Sanger, Denise M.] S Carolina Sea Grant Consortium, Charleston, SC USA. [Van Dolah, Robert F.] S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Charleston, SC USA. RP DiDonato, GT (reprint author), NOAA, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM Guy.DiDonato@noaa.gov FU NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative FX The authors thank A. Rourk, P. Biondo, A. Blair, C. Buzzelli, A. Coghill, D. Couillard, M. Dunlap, J. Felber, L. Forbes, R. Garner, L. Hayes, M. Levisen, E. McDonald, M. Messersmith, J. Richardson, G. Riekerk, K. Seals, and J. Siewicki for assisting with sample collections. The authors also thank L. Webster for laboratory support and J. Felber for mapping assistance. D. Bergquist, P. Sandifer, L. Webster, D. White, and several anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on this paper. This work was funded in part by the NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative. The National Ocean Service (NOS) does not approve, recommend, or endorse any proprietary product or material mentioned in this publication. NR 51 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 5 U2 34 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 58 IS 1 BP 97 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.08.019 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 401SX UT WOS:000262963500024 PM 18922549 ER PT J AU Carter, DW Letson, D AF Carter, David W. Letson, David TI Structural Vector Error Correction Modeling of Integrated Sportfishery Data SO MARINE RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Climate; Gulf of Mexico; red snapper; sportfishing demand; structural vector error correction; time series ID EL-NINO; COINTEGRATION; FISHERY; US AB We demonstrate how to specify and estimate a time series model that can isolate the effects of changes in fishery policy and forecast the outcome of policy changes in the context of changing climate and economic factors. The approach is illustrated with data from the headboat fishery for red snapper in the Gulf of Mexico. The initial data analysis finds that effort and harvest are cointegrated series and that effort appears to respond somewhat to past changes in harvest. This suggested a structural vector error correction model specification. Model estimation results indicate that seasonal closures directly influence both harvest and effort, whereas bag and minimum size limits only affect harvest directly. Also, climate activity has a moderate influence on this fishery, mainly via changes in effort. Model forecasts are evaluated relative to a more naive specification using out-of-sample data and the use of the model for policy analysis is demonstrated. C1 [Carter, David W.] NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Carter, David W.; Letson, David] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Carter, DW (reprint author), NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM david.w.carter@noaa.gov; dletson@rsmas.miami.edu RI Carter, David/G-7472-2016 OI Carter, David/0000-0001-8960-7236 NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 5 PU MRE FOUNDATION, INC PI KINGSTON PA PO BOX 1828, KINGSTON, RI 02881 USA SN 0738-1360 J9 MAR RESOUR ECON JI Mar. Resour. Econ. PY 2009 VL 24 IS 1 BP 19 EP 41 PG 23 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Fisheries SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA 431RZ UT WOS:000265082400002 ER PT J AU Lian, C Singh, R Weninger, Q AF Lian, Carl Singh, Rajesh Weninger, Quinn TI Fleet Restructuring, Rent Generation, and the Design of Individual Fishing Quota Programs: Empirical Evidence from the Pacific Coast Groundfish Fishery SO MARINE RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Individual fishing quotas; scale and technical efficiency; fleet restructuring ID TRANSFERABLE QUOTAS; MULTIPRODUCT INDUSTRIES; MANAGEMENT; INEFFICIENCY; UNCERTAINTY; CAPTURE AB This article characterizes anticipated changes in fleet structure, vessel harvesting activity, and economic performance in the Pacific Coast groundfish fishery under an individual fishing quota management program. Results suggest that the current fleet of 117 vessels will be reduced by roughly 50%-66% to 40-60 vessels, resulting in annual cost savings of $18-$22 million (based on 2004 price and cost estimates). However, cost savings could he significantly less if restrictions on quota trading across vessels are incorporated into the program design. Alternative modes of collecting fees to fund program administration and their impact on fleet size and total fishery value arc also studied. We conclude that a program of individual fishing quotas, if carefully designed, can be an attractive allernative for management of the Pacific Coast groundfish fishery. C1 [Singh, Rajesh; Weninger, Quinn] Iowa State Univ, Dept Econ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Lian, Carl] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Weninger, Q (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Econ, Heady Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM Carl.Lian@noaa.gov; rsingh@iastate.edu; weninger@iastate.edu OI Weninger, Quinn/0000-0003-4656-105X NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU MRE FOUNDATION, INC PI KINGSTON PA PO BOX 1828, KINGSTON, RI 02881 USA SN 0738-1360 J9 MAR RESOUR ECON JI Mar. Resour. Econ. PY 2009 VL 24 IS 4 BP 329 EP 359 PG 31 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Fisheries SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA 550LX UT WOS:000274130400002 ER PT J AU Kasperski, S Wieland, R AF Kasperski, Stephen Wieland, Robert TI When is it Optimal to Delay Harvesting? The Role of Ecological Services in the Northern Chesapeake Bay Oyster Fishery SO MARINE RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Fishing moratorium; stock rebuilding; fisheries management; bioeconomic modeling; ecological value; Chesapeake Bay oysters ID OPTIMAL FOREST ROTATION; MARINE RESERVES; MANAGEMENT; RESTORATION; HABITAT; EUTROPHICATION; POPULATION; ECOSYSTEM; RESOURCE; COD AB Despite decades of rebuilding efforts, the population of Oysters in the Chesapeake Bay has fallen to historically low levels. We develop a novel bioeconomic model which includes the value of ecological services provided by oysters in situ to determine the optimal length of a harvest moratorium and a subsequent harvest rate that will maximize the net present value of the oyster resource. Not surprisingly, steady-state stocks and optimal harvest rates are increasing and decreasing in ecological service values, respectively The results also suggest that instituting a harvest moratorium and limiting harvest effort in the fishery can increase the net present value of the resource more than effort limitation alone. C1 [Kasperski, Stephen] USN, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98012 USA. [Wieland, Robert] Main St Econ, Trappe, MD 21673 USA. RP Kasperski, S (reprint author), USN, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98012 USA. EM Stephen.Kasperski@noaa.gov; Robert@mainstreeteconomics.com FU NOAA Chesapeake Bay Program Office; National Marine Fisheries Service FX The authors thank Jamie King, Chris Dungan, Doug Lipton, John Horowitz, and two anonymous referees for their helpful comments and support. Much of the research on which this paper is based was supported by the NOAA Chesapeake Bay Program Office under their Non-Native Oyster Research Program. A portion of this work was completed while Stephen was a National Marine Fisheries Service/Sea Grant Fellow, and he acknowledges their support. The opinions expressed here represent those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. The authors are responsible for any errors or omissions. NR 57 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 12 PU MRE FOUNDATION, INC PI KINGSTON PA PO BOX 1828, KINGSTON, RI 02881 USA SN 0738-1360 J9 MAR RESOUR ECON JI Mar. Resour. Econ. PY 2009 VL 24 IS 4 BP 361 EP 385 PG 25 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Fisheries SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA 550LX UT WOS:000274130400003 ER PT S AU Ricker, RE Stoudt, MR Pitchure, DJ AF Ricker, R. E. Stoudt, M. R. Pitchure, D. J. BE Wicks, GG Simon, J TI EVALUATION OF THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF SIMULATED WELDS IN HSLA-100 AND HY-100 STEELS TO HYDROGEN INDUCED CRACKING SO MATERIALS INNOVATIONS IN AN EMERGING HYDROGEN ECONOMY SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Inter-Society Conference on Materials Innovations in an Emerging Hydrogen Economy CY FEB 24-27, 2008 CL Cocoa Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc, ASM Int, Natl Hydrogen Assoc, Soc Adv Mat & Process Engn ID IRON AB The cracking susceptibility of a micro-alloyed HSLA-100 steel was examined and compared to that of a HY-100 steel in the as-received condition and after heat treatment to simulate the thermal history of a single pass weld. Slow strain rate tensile tests were conducted on samples of these alloys with these thermal histories in an inert environment and in an aqueous solution during continuous cathodic charging at different potentials with respect to a reference electrode. Both alloys exhibited reduced ductilities at cathodic potentials indicating susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement. The results of these experiments will be presented and discussed in relation to the observed microstructures and fractography. C1 [Ricker, R. E.; Stoudt, M. R.; Pitchure, D. J.] NIST, Mat Performance Grp, Div Met, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ricker, RE (reprint author), NIST, Mat Performance Grp, Div Met, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Ricker, Richard/H-4880-2011 OI Ricker, Richard/0000-0002-2871-4908 NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 978-0-470-40836-0 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2009 VL 202 BP 169 EP 179 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BTM15 UT WOS:000287273500018 ER PT S AU Lasseigne, AN McColskey, D Siewert, TA Koenig, K Olson, DL Mishra, B AF Lasseigne, Angelique N. McColskey, David Siewert, Thomas A. Koenig, Kamalu Olson, David L. Mishra, Brajendra BE Wicks, GG Simon, J TI NON-DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGEN CONTENT SENSORS SO MATERIALS INNOVATIONS IN AN EMERGING HYDROGEN ECONOMY SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Inter-Society Conference on Materials Innovations in an Emerging Hydrogen Economy CY FEB 24-27, 2008 CL Cocoa Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc, ASM Int, Natl Hydrogen Assoc, Soc Adv Mat & Process Engn AB Demanding material integrity problems, such as hydrogen, material aging, higher-strength materials and materials with complex engineered structures, require new solutions. Advanced integration of physical phenomena measurements will result in new opportunities for the non-destructive community and the development of new analytical measurement equipment and practices. For example, novel electronic tools are being developed to meet the needs of our industry's demands for pipeline integrity by relating quantitative hydrogen content measurements in steel to its physical properties. The development of advanced real-time hydrogen content sensors will allow the pipeline integrity to be frequently or continuously monitored to assure pipeline safety and environmental protection. A non-contact low frequency impedance technique has been developed to cost-effectively assess hydrogen content in pipeline steel and its weldments. C1 [Lasseigne, Angelique N.; McColskey, David; Siewert, Thomas A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Lasseigne, AN (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 978-0-470-40836-0 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2009 VL 202 BP 201 EP 210 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BTM15 UT WOS:000287273500021 ER PT B AU Marsh, ND Cleary, TG AF Marsh, Nathan D. Cleary, Thomas G. BE Jena, P Kandalam, A Sun, Q TI PRELIMINARY PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF COMMERCIALLY-AVAILABLE HYDROGEN SENSORS SO MATERIALS ISSUES IN A HYDROGEN ECONOMY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Materials Issues in a Hydrogen Economy CY NOV 12-15, 2007 CL Richmond, VA AB As part of an effort to develop standard test methods for the performance of commercial hydrogen sensors, we employed the Fire Emulator / Detector Evaluator, an instrumented flow system designed to study the response of fire detectors (smoke, heat, gas), in a preliminary study to evaluate the performance of a representative selection of commercially-available hydrogen sensors. These sensors depend off a variety of sensing technologies including metal-oxide semiconductors, electrochemical cells, catalytic bead pellistors, thermal conductivity sensors, and sensors employing a combination of technologies. They were evaluated both for their response to hydrogen concentrations up to half the lower flammability limit, and their response to nuisance gases (CO, CO(2), NOx, hydrocarbon gas and vapor-all potentially present in hydrogen dispensing and storage areas), as well as dynamic changes in environmental conditions by varying temperature, humidity, and flow velocity. These performance evaluations provide guidance for the development of a test method designed to assess real-world performance of hydrogen gas sensors. The ultimate goal is to develop standard test methods to be employed by product certification agencies. C1 [Marsh, Nathan D.; Cleary, Thomas G.] NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Marsh, ND (reprint author), NIST, Fire Res Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8664, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nathan.marsh@nist.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-283-801-8 PY 2009 BP 317 EP 324 DI 10.1142/9789812838025_0030 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BLE72 UT WOS:000270024700030 ER PT J AU Striegler, A Kopycinska-Muller, M Bendjus, B Kohler, B Meyendorf, N Wolter, KJ AF Striegler, Andre Kopycinska-Mueller, Malgorzata Bendjus, Beatrice Koehler, Bernd Meyendorf, Norbert Wolter, Klaus-Juergen TI Atomic Force Acoustic Microscopy as a technique for the characterization of buried structures and thin film properties. SO MATERIALS TESTING LA German DT Article AB Atomic Force Acoustic Microscopy as a technique for the characterization of buried structures and thin film properties. Atomic force acoustic microscopy (AFAM) is a dynamic technique which is based on Atomic force microscopy (AFM). As a contact based method AFAM provides information on effective elastic properties of a near-surface volume. The potential of AFAM for the detection of buried structures was evaluated in the investigations by means of qualitative imaging of idealized test objects with air filled voids. One sample consists of a thin specially prepared silicon nitride membrane. Another structure is a group of nine quadratic membranes with edge length of 3.7 mu m and linearly stepped thickness from 30 nm to 270 nm. A third structure is a wedge structures with a width of 1.6 mu m, length of 50 mu m and linear graded thickness of 0 mu m to 2.7 mu m. The depths up to which the buried structures can be detected by AFAM are significantly larger than predicted by basic models of the contact mechanic for homogeneous samples. It could be demonstrated that AFAM has the potential to characterize film thicknesses, wherefore thin silicon dioxide layers with thicknesses and thickness differences in a range of a few nanometers have been investigated. The thickness differences could be detected and the dependencies of the elastic properties of the three film systems for increased stress field depths were studied. C1 [Striegler, Andre; Bendjus, Beatrice; Meyendorf, Norbert; Wolter, Klaus-Juergen] Fraunhofer Inst Zerstorungsfreie Prufverfahren, Dresden, Germany. [Kopycinska-Mueller, Malgorzata] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Meyendorf, Norbert] Univ Magdeburg, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany. [Meyendorf, Norbert] Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Meyendorf, Norbert] Tech Univ Dresden, Fak Elektro & Informat Tech, Dresden, Germany. [Wolter, Klaus-Juergen] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Aufbau & Verbindungstech Elekt, Dresden, Germany. [Wolter, Klaus-Juergen] Tech Univ Dresden, Zentrums Mikrotech Prod, Dresden, Germany. RP Striegler, A (reprint author), Fraunhofer Inst Zerstorungsfreie Prufverfahren, Dresden, Germany. RI Kohler, Bernd/I-3262-2013; Wolter, Klaus-Juergen/I-6416-2013 OI Kohler, Bernd/0000-0001-5234-6087; NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARL HANSER VERLAG PI MUNICH PA KOLBERGERSTRASSE 22, POSTFACH 86 04 20, D-81679 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0025-5300 J9 MATER TEST JI Mater. Test. PY 2009 VL 51 IS 10 BP 686 EP 691 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA V17YH UT WOS:000207972000011 ER PT J AU Reif, JS Peden-Adams, MM Romano, TA Rice, CD Fair, PA Bossart, GD AF Reif, John S. Peden-Adams, Margie M. Romano, Tracy A. Rice, Charles D. Fair, Patricia A. Bossart, Gregory D. TI Immune dysfunction in Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) with lobomycosis SO MEDICAL MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bottlenose dolphin; immunodeficiency; Lacazia loboi; lobomycosis; Tursiops truncates ID INDIAN RIVER LAGOON; IN-VITRO EXPOSURE; LOBOS-DISEASE; MERCURIC-CHLORIDE; PARACOCCIDIOIDES-BRASILIENSIS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; LYMPHOCYTE-PROLIFERATION; KELOIDAL-BLASTOMYCOSIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA AB Lobomycosis (Lacaziosis) occurs only in humans and dolphins under natural conditions. We evaluated the immune status of eight dolphins with lobomycosis and 40 healthy dolphins from the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), Florida. Lobomycosis cases had multiple abnormalities in their immunologic parameters when compared to healthy dolphins. The absolute number of circulating lymphocytes and serum albumin concentration were reduced (P0.05) while the segmented neutrophils, alpha 1, total beta, total gamma and total globulins were increased (P0.05). Although innate immunity was relatively intact and phagocytosis and natural killer cell activity were not affected, the plasma lysozyme concentrations were elevated in dolphins with lobomycosis (P0.05). Adaptive immunity was depressed with statistically significant decreases found in the absolute numbers of CD4+ helper T cells and CD19+ and CD21+ B cells. The ratios of CD2+ T cells to CD4+ cells and CD2+ to CD21+ cells were increased (P=0.05 and P0.05, respectively) and the numbers of lymphocytes expressing MHC class II molecules was decreased in dolphins with lobomycosis (P0.05). Lymphocyte proliferation was reduced in response to stimulation with lipopolysaccharide and concanavalin A (P0.05). Antibody titers to Erysipelas rhusiopathiae, a common marine micro-organism, were decreased (P0.05). In summary, dolphins with lobomycosis exhibit significant impairment in adaptive immunity. C1 [Reif, John S.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Peden-Adams, Margie M.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Pediat, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Peden-Adams, Margie M.] Med Univ S Carolina, Marine Biomed & Environm Sci Ctr, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Romano, Tracy A.] Myst Aquarium & Inst Explorat, Mystic, CT USA. [Rice, Charles D.] Clemson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Grad Program Environm Toxicol, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Fair, Patricia A.] NOS, NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA. [Fair, Patricia A.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Ft Pierce, FL USA. RP Reif, JS (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Environm Hlth 1681, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM John.Reif@colostate.edu FU Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution's 'Florida Protect Wild Dolphins' program and NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program; Sea Research Foundation, Inc FX Conducted under National Marine Fisheries Service Permit No. 998-1678-01, issued to Dr Gregory Bossart in March 2003. Supported by Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution's 'Florida Protect Wild Dolphins' program and NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program. The authors thank the entire dolphin HERA project staff, with special recognition of the efforts of Mr Stephen D. McCulloch, Mr Larry Hansen, Dr Juli Goldstein, Dr Forrest Townsend, Dr David Kilpatrick, Mr Jeffrey Adams, Mr Eric Zolman and Ms Kristina Cammen. We thank Dr Jeffrey L. Stott (University of California, Davis) for use of the CD2, CD21 and CD19 antibodies and acknowledge Ms Mandy Keogh, Ms Diane Beal, Ms Sandy Casinghino, Ms Jackie EuDaly, Ms Michelle Lee and Ms Lauren Heesmann for technical assistance. We also acknowledge Mr Wayne McFee for analysis of teeth for age determination and Dr Deborah Keil for technical assistance and discussions regarding interpretation. This work constitutes scientific contribution no. 172 from the Sea Research Foundation, Inc. NR 67 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-3786 J9 MED MYCOL JI Med. Mycol. PY 2009 VL 47 IS 2 BP 125 EP 135 AR PII 794750044 DI 10.1080/13693780802178493 PG 11 WC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences GA 398GT UT WOS:000262721300002 PM 18608890 ER PT S AU Beasley, I Marsh, H Jefferson, TA Arnold, P AF Beasley, Isabel Marsh, Helene Jefferson, Thomas A. Arnold, Peter BE Campbell, IC TI Conserving Dolphins in the Mekong River: The Complex Challenge of Competing Interests SO MEKONG: BIOPHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT OF AN INTERNATIONAL RIVER BASIN SE Aquatic Ecology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; ESTABLISHING PROTECTED AREAS; ORCAELLA-BREVIROSTRIS; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; IRRAWADDY DOLPHIN; TOUR BOATS; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS C1 [Beasley, Isabel; Marsh, Helene] James Cook Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Jefferson, Thomas A.] NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Arnold, Peter] Museum Trop Queensland, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. RP Beasley, I (reprint author), James Cook Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. OI Marsh, Helene/0000-0003-3492-4992 NR 89 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1573-4595 BN 978-0-08-092063-4; 978-0-12-374026-7 J9 AQUAT ECOL SER JI Aquat. Ecol. Ser. PY 2009 BP 363 EP 387 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-374026-7.00015-2 PG 25 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BIE32 UT WOS:000327876500016 ER PT B AU Dommergue, A Ferrari, CP Amyot, M Brooks, S Sprovieri, F Steffen, A AF Dommergue, Aurelien Ferrari, Christophe P. Amyot, Marc Brooks, Steve Sprovieri, Francesca Steffen, Alexandra BE Pirrone, N Mason, R TI Spatial Coverage and Temporal Trends of Atmospheric Mercury Measurements in Polar Regions SO MERCURY FATE AND TRANSPORT IN THE GLOBAL ATMOSPHERE: EMISSIONS, MEASUREMENTS AND MODELS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GASEOUS ELEMENTAL MERCURY; NY-ALESUND; DEPLETION EVENTS; OZONE DEPLETION; ARCTIC SNOW; SPRING 2003; REDOX TRANSFORMATIONS; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; BOUNDARY-LAYER; TIME-SERIES AB The discovery of atmospheric mercury depletion events (AMDEs) in the Canadian Arctic at Alert in 1995 initiated the intense study of atmospheric Hg processes. Mercury has unique characteristics that include long-range atmospheric transport to regions like the Arctic and the Antarctica, the transformation to more toxic methylmercury compounds and the ability of these compounds to biomagnify in the aquatic food chain. Following the discovery of AMDEs, studies have been conducted throughout Polar Regions where the same phenomenon was observed. Since then, many scientific projects have focused on studying the mechanisms related to AMDEs. Additionally, special attention is paid to the consequences of AMDEs in terms of contamination of Polar Regions because AMDEs rapidly convert atmospheric gaseous mercury into reactive and water-soluble forms that may potentially become bioavailable. Finally, the contribution of this unique reactivity occurring in polar atmospheres to the global budget of atmospheric mercury and the role played by snow and ice surfaces of these regions are important issues. This chapter presents a review of atmospheric measurements conducted both in the Arctic and the Antarctic since 1995 (continuous data). Our current understanding of AMDEs in these regions is presented. C1 [Dommergue, Aurelien; Ferrari, Christophe P.] Lab Glaciol & Geophys Environm, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. [Amyot, Marc] Univ Montreal, Dept Sci Biol, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Brooks, Steve] NOAA, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Sprovieri, Francesca] CNR Inst Atmospher Pollut, Div Rende, Arcavacata Di Rende, Italy. [Steffen, Alexandra] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Dommergue, A (reprint author), Lab Glaciol & Geophys Environm, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. RI Dommergue, Aurelien/A-2829-2009; OI Dommergue, Aurelien/0000-0002-8185-9604; Amyot, Marc/0000-0002-0340-3249 NR 98 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-93957-5 PY 2009 BP 293 EP 321 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-93958-2_10 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-93958-2 PG 29 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BLE61 UT WOS:000270022200010 ER PT B AU Keeler, GJ Pirrone, N Bullock, R Sillman, S AF Keeler, Gerald J. Pirrone, Nicola Bullock, Russel Sillman, Sanford BE Pirrone, N Mason, R TI The Need for a Coordinated Global Mercury Monitoring Network for Global and Regional Models Validations SO MERCURY FATE AND TRANSPORT IN THE GLOBAL ATMOSPHERE: EMISSIONS, MEASUREMENTS AND MODELS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; ELEMENTAL MERCURY; SCIENTIFIC UNCERTAINTIES; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; GASEOUS MERCURY; WET DEPOSITION; SURFACE OZONE; MACE-HEAD; TRANSPORT AB Currently, there is not a coordinated observational network for mercury (Hg) that could be used by the modelling community or for establishing recommendations for protecting human and environmental health on a global scale. Current national networks are inadequate as they lack (1) observations of all forms of Hg in the ambient air and in both wet and dry deposition; (2) long-term measurements of Hg and other air Pollutants; (3) comprehensive monitoring sites in the free-troposphere; and (4) measurement sites that permit a careful investigation of inter-hemispheric transport and trends in background concentrations. Programs such as the World Meteorological Organization's Global Atmosphere Watch have made substantial efforts to establish data centers and quality control programs to enhance integration of air quality measurements from different national and regional networks, and to establish observational sites in under-sampled, remote regions around the world. Similarly, the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry project (of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme) has strongly endorsed the need for international exchange of calibration standards and has helped coordinate multinational field campaigns to address a variety of important issues related to global air quality. Following the lead of these programs and incorporation of a well-defined Hg monitoring component into the existing network Sites Would be the most expeditious and efficient approach. Close coordination of the global modelling community with the global measurement community would lead to major advances in the global models and advance our Understanding of the Hg science while decreasing the uncertainties in global assessments for Hg. C1 [Keeler, Gerald J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Bullock, Russel] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Pirrone, Nicola] CNR Inst Atmospher Pollut, Rome, Italy. [Sillman, Sanford] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Keeler, GJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 93 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-93957-5 PY 2009 BP 391 EP 424 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-93958-2_13 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-93958-2 PG 34 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BLE61 UT WOS:000270022200013 ER PT B AU Bullock, OR Jaegle, L AF Bullock, O. Russell, Jr. Jaegle, Lyatt BE Pirrone, N Mason, R TI Importance of a Global Scale Approach to using Regional Models in the Assessment of Source-Receptor Relationships for Mercury SO MERCURY FATE AND TRANSPORT IN THE GLOBAL ATMOSPHERE: EMISSIONS, MEASUREMENTS AND MODELS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; WET DEPOSITION; UNITED-STATES; TRANSPORT; SIMULATION; FATE AB Regional atmospheric models simulate their pertinent processes over a limited portion of the global atmosphere. This portion of the atmosphere can be a large fraction, as in the case of continental-scale modeling, or a small fraction, as in the case of urban-scale modeling. Regional modeling of any air pollutant requires that the meteorological and chemical conditions at the boundaries of the model domain be taken into account, especially if the pollutants are long-lived. It was once a common practice for the boundary concentrations of mercury and its reactants to be specified using time-constant values based oil limited historical observation. These values were often invariant in the horizontal and vertical dimensions too. This relatively simple procedure for establishing boundary concentrations could be justified based on the previous notion that mercury was a rather inert and long-lasting air pollutant. However, with the subsequent discovery of rapid physical and chemical transformations of atmospheric mercury and significant concentrations of oxidized mercury far removed from known emission sources, the Presumption Of Mercury as ail inert substance has generally disappeared. The effect of intercontinental transport is now treated with greater concern in regional atmospheric mercury modeling. Global mercury models are now commonly used to define boundary values for regional mercury modeling. However, the global and regional models must use consistent information for emissions, surface physiology and meteorology to achieve consistent simulation results and associated source-receptor relationships. There is certainly a need for international cooperation on field research and numerical model development to supply the tools needed for confident assessment of source-receptor relationships for mercury oil both global and regional scales. C1 [Bullock, O. Russell, Jr.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Jaegle, Lyatt] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Bullock, OR (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-93957-5 PY 2009 BP 503 EP 517 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-93958-2_16 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-93958-2 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BLE61 UT WOS:000270022200016 ER PT J AU Pardyjak, ER Fernando, HJS Hunt, JCR Grachev, AA Anderson, J AF Pardyjak, Eric R. Fernando, Harindra Joseph S. Hunt, Julian C. R. Grachev, Andrey A. Anderson, James TI A case study of the development of nocturnal slope flows in a wide open valley and associated air quality implications SO METEOROLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; MORNING TRANSITION; GENTLE SLOPES; PHOENIX; RADIATION; CHEMISTRY; CAMPAIGN; BUDGET; FIELD; GRAZ AB This paper documents the development of nocturnal flows in the wide open Phoenix, Arizona (U.S.A) valley (30 km x 100 km) that is bordered by a large nearly flat plain to the west and high mountains to the north and east. Local thermally driven winds concomitant with the absence of significant synoptic pressure gradients dominate typical winter conditions in the Phoenix valley. The purpose of the Phoenix Air Flow Experiment (PAFEX-1) was to study the development of thermally driven flows during the evening transition in a sloping valley and describe the general pattern of transport and dispersion of contaminants during transition periods and at night. Measurements were made using a tethered balloon, sonic anemometer, balloon-based aerosol sampler. radiation sensors, cup anemometers, thermistors and humidity sensors in conjunction with data collected from 44, standard meteorological stations located throughout the valley. Over the period of 15 days in January and February 1998 the general diurnal flow patterns were repeatable, but varied substantially around the valley. This paper focuses on a case study of the evening transition, nocturnal circulation and morning break-down of the nocturnal circulation on the night of 31 January and morning of 1 February. Central valley measurements were consistent with the notion that the evening transition is associated with a moving front, followed by intense mixing and the movement of the front to establish down-valley winds. Flows originating from different slopes led to the arrival of fronts at the various measurement locations at different times. These flows intrude into the valley and interact with each other, often causing multi-layered vertical structure. The intrusions respond to the evolving stratification and cause striking variability of these layers, for example, periodic wind and temperature disturbances corresponding to the arrival of new intrusive fronts. The evolution of the boundary layer was found to have a direct beating on the pollution concentrations in the Phoenix air shed. C1 [Pardyjak, Eric R.] Univ Utah, Dept Mech Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Fernando, Harindra Joseph S.; Anderson, James] Arizona State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ctr Environm Fluid Dynam, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Hunt, Julian C. R.] UCL, Dept Space & Climate Phys & Earth Sci, London, England. [Grachev, Andrey A.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Pardyjak, ER (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Mech Engn, 50 S Cent Campus Dr, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM pardyjak@eng.utah.edu OI GRACHEV, ANDREY/0000-0002-7143-0820 NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 10 PU E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGS PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER, SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0941-2948 J9 METEOROL Z JI Meteorol. Z. PY 2009 VL 18 IS 1 BP 85 EP 100 DI 10.1127/0941-2948/2009/362 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 422IU UT WOS:000264421900007 ER PT J AU Ostashev, VE Vecherin, SN Wilson, DK Ziemann, A Goedecke, GH AF Ostashev, Vladimir E. Vecherin, Sergey N. Wilson, D. Keith Ziemann, Astrid Goedecke, George H. TI Recent progress in acoustic travel-time tomography of the atmospheric surface layer SO METEOROLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT LA English DT Article CT 14th International Symposium for the Advancement of Boundary Layer Remote Sensing CY JUN 23-25, 2008 CL Tech Univ Denmark, Copenhagen, DENMARK HO Tech Univ Denmark ID DEPENDENT STOCHASTIC INVERSION; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; TEMPERATURE; FIELD; RECONSTRUCTION; EXPLOSIONS; ANIMALS; SOUND; WIND AB Acoustic tomography of the atmospheric surface layer (ASL) is based on measurements of the travel times of sound propagation between sources and receivers which constitute a tomography array. Then, the temperature and wind velocity fields inside the tomographic volume or area are reconstructed using different inverse algorithms. Improved knowledge of these fields is important in many practical applications. Tomography has certain advantages in comparison with currently used instrumentation for measurement of the temperature and wind velocity. In this paper, a short historical overview of acoustic tomography of the atmosphere is presented. The main emphasis is on recent progress in acoustic tomography of the ASL. The tomography arrays that have been used so far are discussed. Inverse algorithms for reconstruction of the temperature and wind velocity fields from the travel times are reviewed. Some results in numerical simulations of acoustic tomography of the ASL and reconstruction of the turbulence fields in tomography experiments are presented and discussed. C1 [Ostashev, Vladimir E.] NOAA, EarthSyst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ostashev, Vladimir E.; Vecherin, Sergey N.; Goedecke, George H.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Vecherin, Sergey N.; Wilson, D. Keith] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH USA. [Ziemann, Astrid] Univ Leipzig, Inst Meteorol, Leipzig, Germany. RP Ostashev, VE (reprint author), NOAA, EarthSyst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, R PSD 3325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Vladimir.Ostashev@noaa.gov RI Wilson, D. Keith/A-4687-2012 OI Wilson, D. Keith/0000-0002-8020-6871 NR 52 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGS PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER, SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0941-2948 J9 METEOROL Z JI Meteorol. Z. PY 2009 VL 18 IS 2 BP 125 EP 133 DI 10.1127/0941-2948/2009/0364 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 447XF UT WOS:000266224600002 ER PT J AU Wilson, DK Ott, S Goedecke, GH Ostashev, VE AF Wilson, D. Keith Ott, Soren Goedecke, George H. Ostashev, Vladimir E. TI Quasi-wavelet formulations of turbulence and wave scattering SO METEOROLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT LA English DT Article CT 14th International Symposium for the Advancement of Boundary Layer Remote Sensing CY JUN 23-25, 2008 CL Tech Univ Denmark, Copenhagen, DENMARK HO Tech Univ Denmark ID ATMOSPHERIC SURFACE-LAYER; BOUNDARY-LAYER; GLOBAL INTERMITTENCY; SIMULATION; FIELD; FLUCTUATIONS; PROPAGATION; MODEL; COHERENCE AB Quasi-wavelets (QWs) are eddy-like entities similar to customary wavelets in the sense that they are based on translations and dilations of a spatially localized parent function. The positions and orientations are, however, normally taken to be random. Random fields Such as turbulence may be represented as ensembles of QWs with appropriately selected size distributions, number densities. and amplitude,;. This paper overviews previous results concerning QWs and provides a new, QW-based model of anisotropic turbulence in a shear-dominated surface layer. The following points are emphasized. (1) Many types of QWs and couplings, suitable for various applicatons, can be constructed through differentiation of spherically symmetric parent functions. For velocity fluctuations, QWs with toroidal and poloidal circulations can be derived. (2) Self-similar ensembles of QWs with rotation rates scaling according to Kolmogorov's hypotheses naturally produce classical inertial-subrange spectra. (3) Momentum and heat fluxes in surface-layer turbulence can be described by introducing preferred orientations and correlations among QWs representing temperature and velocity perturbations. (4) In contrast to Fourier modes, QWs can be naturally arranged in a spatially intermittent manner. Models for both local (intrinsic) and global intermittency are discussed. (5) The spatially localized nature of QWs can be advantageous in wave-scattering calculations and other applications. C1 [Wilson, D. Keith] USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Ott, Soren] Riso Natl Lab Sustainable Energy, Roskilde, Denmark. [Goedecke, George H.; Ostashev, Vladimir E.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Ostashev, Vladimir E.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Wilson, DK (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM D.Keith.Wilson@usace.army.mil RI Wilson, D. Keith/A-4687-2012 OI Wilson, D. Keith/0000-0002-8020-6871 NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGS PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER, SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0941-2948 J9 METEOROL Z JI Meteorol. Z. PY 2009 VL 18 IS 3 BP 237 EP 252 DI 10.1127/0941-2948/2009/0382 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 477YF UT WOS:000268554200002 ER PT J AU Wang, CZ Kucharski, F Barimalala, R Bracco, A AF Wang, Chunzai Kucharski, Fred Barimalala, Rondrotiana Bracco, Annalisa TI Teleconnections of the tropical Atlantic to the tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans: A review of recent findings SO METEOROLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT LA English DT Article ID ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION CELLS; SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES; NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; AIR-SEA INTERACTION; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; NORTH PACIFIC; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; INTERDECADAL CHANGES; EQUATORIAL ATLANTIC AB Recent studies found that tropical Atlantic variability may affect the climate in both the tropical Pacific and Indian Ocean basins, possibly modulating the Indian summer monsoon and Pacific ENSO events. A warm tropical Atlantic Ocean forces a Gill-Matsuno-type quadrupole response with a low-level anticyclone located over India that weakens the Indian monsoon circulation, and vice versa for a cold tropical Atlantic Ocean. The tropical Atlantic Ocean can also induce changes in the Indian Ocean sea surface temperatures (SSTs), especially along the coast of Africa and in the western side of the Indian basin. Additionally, it can influence the tropical Pacific Ocean via an atmospheric telcconnection that is associated with the Atlantic Walker circulation. Although the Pacific El Nino does not contemporaneously correlate with the Atlantic Nino, anomalous warming or cooling of the two equatorial oceans can form an inter-basin SST gradient that induces surface zonal wind anomalies over equatorial South America and other regions in both ocean basins. The zonal wind anomalies act as a bridge linking the two ocean basins, and in turn reinforce the inter-basin SST gradient through the atmospheric Walker circulation and oceanic processes. Thus, a positive feedback seems to exist for climate variability of the tropical Pacific-Atlantic Oceans and atmospheric system, in which the inter-basin SST gradient is coupled to the overlying atmospheric wind. C1 [Wang, Chunzai] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Kucharski, Fred; Barimalala, Rondrotiana] Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Earth Syst Phys Sect Trieste, Trieste, Italy. [Bracco, Annalisa] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Wang, CZ (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Chunzai.Wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009 OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308 FU European Commission [GOCE-CT-2003-505539]; NSF-ATM [0739323]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40876004, 40730843]; Chinese Ministry of Education [B07036]; National Basic Research Program [2007CB816005]; International Corporation Program of China [2008DFA22230] FX The experiments in this paper were performed as a contribution to the ENSEMBLES project funded by the European Commission's 6th Framework Programme, contract number GOCE-CT-2003-505539. AB is supported by NSF-ATM 0739323. CW was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office, National Natural Science Foundation of China (40876004 and 40730843), the Chinese Ministry of Education's 111 Project (B07036), the National Basic Research Program (2007CB816005), and International Corporation Program of China (2008DFA22230). The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agency. NR 66 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 11 PU E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER, SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0941-2948 EI 1610-1227 J9 METEOROL Z JI Meteorol. Z. PY 2009 VL 18 IS 4 SI SI BP 445 EP 454 DI 10.1127/0941-2948/2009/0394 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 496NO UT WOS:000269981500008 ER PT J AU Baker-Austin, C McArthur, JV Lindell, AH Wright, MS Tuckfield, RC Gooch, J Warner, L Oliver, J Stepanauskas, R AF Baker-Austin, Craig McArthur, J. V. Lindell, Angela H. Wright, Meredith S. Tuckfield, R. Cary Gooch, Jan Warner, Liza Oliver, James Stepanauskas, Ramunas TI Multi-site Analysis Reveals Widespread Antibiotic Resistance in the Marine Pathogen Vibrio vulnificus SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO; NONCULTURABLE STATE; GENES; PARAHAEMOLYTICUS; BACTERIA; OYSTERS; METALS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; COMMUNITIES; ENUMERATION AB Vibrio vulnificus is a serious opportunistic human pathogen commonly found in subtropical coastal waters, and is the leading cause of seafood-borne mortality in the USA. This taxon does not sustain prolonged presence in clinical or agricultural settings, where it would undergo human-induced selection for antibiotic resistance. Therefore, few studies have verified the effectiveness of commonly prescribed antibiotics in V. vulnificus treatment. Here we screened 151 coastal isolates and 10 primary septicaemia isolates against 26 antimicrobial agents representing diverse modes of action. The frequency of multiple resistances to antibiotics from all sources was unexpectedly high, particularly during summer months, and a substantial proportion of isolates (17.3%) were resistant to eight or more antimicrobial agents. Numerous isolates demonstrated resistance to antibiotics routinely prescribed for V. vulnificus infections, such as doxycycline, tetracycline, aminoglycosides and cephalosporins. These resistances were detected at similar frequencies in virulent and non-virulent strains (PCR-based virulence typing) and were present in septicaemia isolates, underlying the public health implications of our findings. Among environmental isolates, there were no consistent differences in the frequency of resistance between pristine and anthropogenically impacted estuaries, suggesting natural rather than human-derived sources of resistance traits. This report is the first to demonstrate prevalent antibiotic resistance in a human pathogen with no clinical reservoirs, implying the importance of environmental studies in understanding the spread, evolution and public health relevance of antibiotic resistance factors. C1 [Baker-Austin, Craig] Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Weymouth Lab, Weymouth DT4 8UB, Dorset, England. [Baker-Austin, Craig; McArthur, J. V.; Lindell, Angela H.; Wright, Meredith S.] Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC USA. [Tuckfield, R. Cary] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC USA. [Gooch, Jan] Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Charleston, SC USA. [Warner, Liza; Oliver, James] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Stepanauskas, Ramunas] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, W Boothbay Harbor, ME USA. RP Baker-Austin, C (reprint author), Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Weymouth Lab, Weymouth DT4 8UB, Dorset, England. EM craig.baker-austin@cefas.co.uk OI Stepanauskas, Ramunas/0000-0003-4458-3108 FU National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA04OAR4600198, NA05NOS4781244]; US Department of Energy Financial Assistance Award [DE-FC09-96SR18546] FX We thank Blaine West, Charles Zemp, Kirk Kessler, Richard Gregory, and Marc Frischer for help accessing field sample collection sites. Brian Thompson and Brian Robinson are acknowledged for their assistance in isolate preparation. This work was supported by the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) awards NA04OAR4600198 to Stepanauskas and NA05NOS4781244 to Oliver. Additional support was provided from the US Department of Energy Financial Assistance Award DE-FC09-96SR18546 to the University of Georgia Research Foundation. NR 48 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROB ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 57 IS 1 BP 151 EP 159 DI 10.1007/s00248-008-9413-8 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 387LI UT WOS:000261953300015 PM 18642041 ER PT S AU Quintanilha, R Sohn, Y Barnes, BM Howard, L Silver, R AF Quintanilha, R. Sohn, Y. Barnes, B. M. Howard, L. Silver, R. BE Bosse, H Bodermann, B Silver, RM TI Critical Dimension measurements using a 193 nm scatterfield microscope SO MODELING ASPECTS IN OPTICAL METROLOGY II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling Aspects in Optical Metrology II CY JUN 15-16, 2009 CL Munich, GERMANY SP SPIE Europe DE Optical CD (OCD) metrology; 193 nm wavelength; gratings; scatterfield microscopy AB We have developed a set of techniques, referred to as scatterfield microscopy, in which the illumination is engineered at a sufficiently large Conjugate Back Focal Plane (CBFP) of the microscope. A primary advance of our new scatterfield microscope is the use of 193 nm excimer laser light. Sophisticated configurations have been implemented to allow measurement of both the image plane and the Fourier plane using full-field and angle-resolved illumination. Here, the microscope is primarily used in an angular mode by engineering the CBFP to enable angle-resolved scatterometer measurements with a numerical aperture (NA) range from 0.08 to 0.74. Electromagnetic models - the Finite Element Method (FEM) and the Modal Method of Fourier Expansion (MMFE) were used to model the experimental light scattering and evaluate the sensitivity to the geometrical parameters and correlations. In addition, experimental results obtained on line gratings for unpolarized illumination will be presented and discussed. measurements. C1 [Quintanilha, R.; Silver, R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Quintanilha, R (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM richardq@nist.gov NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7673-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2009 VL 7390 AR 73900S DI 10.1117/12.827679 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BSR93 UT WOS:000285571900028 ER PT S AU Silver, RM Barnes, BM Zhou, H Zhang, NF Dixson, R AF Silver, R. M. Barnes, B. M. Zhou, H. Zhang, N. F. Dixson, R. BE Bosse, H Bodermann, B Silver, RM TI Angle-resolved Optical Metrology using Multi-Technique Nested Uncertainties SO MODELING ASPECTS IN OPTICAL METROLOGY II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling Aspects in Optical Metrology II CY JUN 15-16, 2009 CL Munich, GERMANY SP SPIE Europe DE nested uncertainty; uncertainty analysis; Bayesian statistics; optical critical dimension; reference metrology AB This paper introduces recent advances in scatterfield microscopy using improved normalization and fitting procedures. Reduced measurement uncertainties are obtained through the use of more accurate normalization procedures in combination with better parametric fitting algorithms. A new approach to embed atomic force microscopy (AFM) or other reference metrology measurements directly into the uncertainty analysis and library-fitting process is used to reduce parametric uncertainties. We present both simulation results and experimental data demonstrating this new method, which is based on Bayesian analysis as applied to library-based regression. We develop the statistical methods to implement this approach of nested uncertainty analysis and give several examples that demonstrate reduced uncertainties in the final combined measurements. The approach is also demonstrated in a combined reference metrology application using multiple independent measurement methods. C1 [Silver, R. M.; Barnes, B. M.; Zhou, H.; Zhang, N. F.; Dixson, R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Silver, RM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7673-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7390 AR 73900P DI 10.1117/12.827676 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BSR93 UT WOS:000285571900025 ER PT J AU Conn, PB White, GC Laake, JL AF Conn, Paul B. White, Gary C. Laake, Jeffrey L. BE Thomson, DL Cooch, EG Conroy, MJ TI Simulation Performance of Bayesian Estimators of Abundance Employing Age-at-Harvest and Mark-Recovery Data SO MODELING DEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES IN MARKED POPULATIONS SE Environmental and Ecological Statistics Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Abundance; Age-at-harvest; Cohort model; Demography; Mark-recovery; State-space model; Survival ID STOCK ASSESSMENT; ANIMAL ABUNDANCE; BLACK BEARS; POPULATION; CATCH; DYNAMICS; MODELS; ERRORS AB The age structure of harvests has long been an important source of information in fisheries stock assessments, especially when augmented with data from catch-effort or research vessel surveys. Age-at-harvest data are also collected for many terrestrial species, a fact which has recently prompted several authors to propose models for analyzing wildlife age-at-harvest data, with the object of estimating abundance, survival, harvest parameters, and recruitment. Since analysis with age-at-harvest data alone often leads to problems with parameter identification, these authors suggested that data from studies of marked animals could be used to inform the estimation of survival and recovery rates. However, little work has been done to examine estimator performance, particularly when model assumptions are violated, as when aging errors occur or when mark-recovery and age-at-harvest data are non-independent. Similarly, we know of no studies that have investigated the efficacy of posterior simulation when Bayesian estimation methods are used for such problems. In this paper, we employ a suite of simulation modules to quantify estimator performance under a number of hypothetical biological scenarios. When all assumptions are satisfied, we show that bias is typically of small magnitude, coefficient of variation is small, and that credible interval coverage is satisfactory. Estimators were robust to errors in age determination but precision had the potential to be severely overestimated when data from marked animals were also included in age-at-harvest summaries. Nevertheless, joint analysis of age-at-harvest and mark-recovery data may represent a viable monitoring strategy for many terrestrial species. C1 [Conn, Paul B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Laake, Jeffrey L.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Conn, PB (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM paul.conn@noaa.gov; jeff.laake@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-78151-8 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT SE PY 2009 VL 3 BP 965 EP 986 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8_44 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8 PG 22 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA BKG60 UT WOS:000268029000044 ER PT J AU Persily, AK Emmerich, SJ AF Persily, Andrew K. Emmerich, Steven J. BE Trechsel, HR Bomberg, MT TI Effects of Air Infiltration and Ventilation SO MOISTURE CONTROL IN BUILDINGS: THE KEY FACTOR IN MOLD PREVENTION, 2ND EDITION SE ASTM International Manual Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Persily, Andrew K.; Emmerich, Steven J.] NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Persily, AK (reprint author), NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA BN 978-0-8031-7004-9 J9 ASTM INT MAN SER PY 2009 IS MNL18 BP 111 EP 117 D2 10.1520/MNL18_2ND-EB PG 7 WC Construction & Building Technology SC Construction & Building Technology GA BWN61 UT WOS:000294327700009 ER PT B AU Redmond, KT AF Redmond, Kelly T. BE Webb, RH Fenstermaker, LF Heaton, JS Hughson, DL McDonald, EV Miller, DM TI Historic Climate Variability in the Mojave Desert SO MOJAVE DESERT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Mojave Desert Science Symposium CY NOV 16-18, 2004 CL Univ Redlands, Redlands, CA HO Univ Redlands ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICAN MONSOON; PRECIPITATION; OSCILLATION; PACIFIC; DROUGHT; US; CIRCULATION; FREQUENCY; OCEAN C1 Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Western Reg Climate Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Reno, NV 89506 USA. RP Redmond, KT (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Western Reg Climate Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Reno, NV 89506 USA. NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU UNIV NEVADA PRESS PI RENO PA RENO, NV 89557 USA BN 978-0-87417-776-3 PY 2009 BP 11 EP 30 PG 20 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA BJJ92 UT WOS:000266552000002 ER PT J AU Morin, PA Martien, KK Taylor, BL AF Morin, Phillip A. Martien, Karen K. Taylor, Barbara L. TI Assessing statistical power of SNPs for population structure and conservation studies SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE conservation genetics; population structure; single nucleotide polymorphism; statistical power ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; ESTIMATE GENETIC DISTANCES; HAPLOTYPE RECONSTRUCTION; IDENTIFICATION; LOCI; INFERENCES; MARKERS; GENOME; SALMON; DISCOVERY AB Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been proposed by some as the new frontier for population studies, and several papers have presented theoretical and empirical evidence reporting the advantages and limitations of SNPs. As a practical matter, however, it remains unclear how many SNP markers will be required or what the optimal characteristics of those markers should be in order to obtain sufficient statistical power to detect different levels of population differentiation. We use a hypothetical case to illustrate the process of designing a population genetics project, and present results from simulations that address several issues for maximizing statistical power to detect differentiation while minimizing the amount of effort in developing SNPs. Results indicate that (i) while 30 SNPs should be sufficient to detect moderate (F(ST) = 0.01) levels of differentiation, studies aimed at detecting demographic independence (e.g. F(ST) < 0.005) may require 80 or more SNPs and large sample sizes; (ii) different SNP allele frequencies have little affect on power, and thus, selection of SNPs can be relatively unbiased; (iii) increasing the sample size has a strong effect on power, so that the number of loci can be minimized when sample number is known, and increasing sample size is almost always beneficial; and (iv) power is increased by including multiple SNPs within loci and inferring haplotypes, rather than trying to use only unlinked SNPs. This also has the practical benefit of reducing the SNP ascertainment effort, and may influence the decision of whether to seek SNPs in coding or noncoding regions. C1 [Morin, Phillip A.; Martien, Karen K.; Taylor, Barbara L.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Morin, PA (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM phillip.morin@noaa.gov NR 37 TC 81 Z9 84 U1 5 U2 72 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 9 IS 1 BP 66 EP 73 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02392.x PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 397RD UT WOS:000262678900009 PM 21564568 ER PT J AU Dutton, PH Frey, A AF Dutton, Peter H. Frey, Amy TI Characterization of polymorphic microsatellite markers for the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Chelonia mydas; green turtle; microsatellites; primers; sea turtles; tetranucleotide repeats; trinucleotide repeats ID POPULATION; DNA; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY AB We describe primers and polymerase chain reaction conditions to amplify 12 microsatellite loci from the green turtle (Chelonia mydas), including one dinucleotide, four trinucleotide and seven tetranucleotide loci. The primers were tested on 78 individuals from a Pacific population nesting in the Hawaiian Islands. The primer pairs developed in this study yielded an average of 8.33 alleles per locus (range of 3-15 alleles), an average observed heterozygosity of 0.668 (range 0.309-0.910), and an average polymorphic information content of 0.647 (range 0.287-0.894). C1 [Dutton, Peter H.; Frey, Amy] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Dutton, PH (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM peter.dutton@noaa.gov FU NOAA Fisheries' Southwest Fisheries Science Center FX This research was funded by NOAA Fisheries' Southwest Fisheries Science Center. We would like to thank Suzanne Roden, Lauren Hansen, Lara Asato, Carrie LeDuc and Nicole Hedrick for their technical assistance in the laboratory, Genetic Information Services for their work on library screening and primer design, and Phillip Morin for manuscript review. Samples analysed were provided by George Balazs, NOAA Fisheries Pacific Islands Science Center, and collected within the Hawaiian Islands National Wildlife Refuge overseen by the USFWS, Department of the Interior, according to permit guidelines. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 9 IS 1 BP 354 EP 356 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02443.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 397RD UT WOS:000262678900089 PM 21564648 ER PT J AU May, EF Moldover, MR Schmidt, JW AF May, Eric F. Moldover, Michael R. Schmidt, James W. TI Reference measurements of hydrogen's dielectric permittivity SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE hydrogen; dielectric permittivity; polarizability; ab initio; microwave resonator ID 2ND VIRIAL-COEFFICIENTS; INTERMOLECULAR INTERACTIONS; ISOTOPIC-SUBSTITUTION; ACCURATE CALCULATION; ELECTRIC PROPERTIES; GASES; POLARIZABILITY; AR; DEPENDENCE; VIBRATION AB We used a quasi-spherical cavity resonator to measure the relative dielectric permittivity epsilon r of H2 at frequencies from 2.4 to 7.3 GHz, at pressures up to 6.5 MPa, and at the temperatures 273 K and 293 K. The resonator was calibrated using auxiliary measurements of epsilon r(p, T) for helium together with the accurate ab initio values of helium's dielectric permittivity. The measurements determine accurate values of hydrogen's molecular electric polarizability and its temperature dependence. At 273 K, we obtained [image omitted] = (8.9568 +/- 0.0008) x 10-41 F m2 (all uncertainties reported here are one standard uncertainty), which agrees with the value (8.9566 +/- 0.0026) x 10-41 F m2 that was obtained by combining Rychlewski's ab initio calculations with estimates of rotational level populations. Our results yield the temperature dependence [image omitted] = [image omitted] x (1.1 +/- 0.3) x 10-5 K-1, which agrees with the calculated value [image omitted] x 1.0 x 10-5 K-1. Our data also determine hydrogen's second dielectric virial coefficient, [image omitted] = (0.03 +/- 0.05) cm3 mol-1, a property that has not yet been calculated. C1 [May, Eric F.; Moldover, Michael R.; Schmidt, James W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [May, Eric F.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Mech Engn, Ctr Petr Fuels & Energy, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. RP May, EF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Eric.May@uwa.edu.au RI Moldover, Michael/E-6384-2013 FU American Australian Association FX The authors thank John Hurly for his thermophysical property calculations, Jim Mehl and Allan Harvey for calculations of the ab initio values of hydrogen's second virial coefficient, and Laurent Pitre for assistance with the measurements. We thank Allan Harvey and Robert Berg for reading the manuscript and we appreciate their comments and suggestions. While at NIST, E. F. M. was supported in part by the American Australian Association. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PY 2009 VL 107 IS 15 BP 1577 EP 1585 AR PII 913155777 DI 10.1080/00268970902980052 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 470JX UT WOS:000267972100009 ER PT J AU Baker, TA Rouge, JL Nesbitt, DJ AF Baker, Thomas A. Rouge, Jessica L. Nesbitt, David J. TI Single molecule studies of quantum dot fluorescence intermittency: evidence for both dark and light-assisted blinking dynamics SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE blinking; quantum dots; single molecule microscopy; exciton; CdSe; Collodial nanocrystal ID SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SUPPRESSION; ENVIRONMENT; STATISTICS; LIFETIMES; JUMPS; CORE AB The present work investigates single CdSe QD blinking behaviour in the absence of illumination, in order to elucidate the role of photoexcitation on the long time dynamics. The probability of a QD transitioning in the dark from a high quantum yield ('on') state to a low quantum yield ('off') state is found to be extremely low and essentially independent of dwell time from 100 ms to minute time scales. The absence of a dark pathway is consistent with many models, for example, in which 'on' to 'off' blinking is ascribed to photo-assisted Auger ionization and charging of the QD. On the other hand, blinking recovery statistics (from 'off' to 'on' state) reveal an approximate power law dependence on dwell time, consistent with non-photoactivated and highly distributed kinetics in the dark. Most importantly, such dark QD recovery is orders of magnitude slower than predicted by previous power law kinetic studies under constant illumination conditions, highlighting the presence of both (i) light-activated and (ii) dark blinking recovery pathways. Furthermore, the kinetic analysis indicates that nearly all single CdSe QD studies to date have been performed under conditions where blinking recovery is dominated by the light-activated channel to date. C1 [Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@jila.colorado.edu FU National Science Foundation FX This work has been supported by funds from the National Science Foundation. The authors would also like to acknowledge Prof. Jeff Peterson (SUNY Geneseo) and Dr. Vasiliy Fomenko (Landauer) for their generous help in hardware/software development for this experiment. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PY 2009 VL 107 IS 18 BP 1867 EP 1878 AR PII 912571804 DI 10.1080/00268970902933820 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 491OJ UT WOS:000269588200004 ER PT S AU Sillanpaa, MA AF Sillanpaeae, Mika A. BE Nakahara, M Ota, Y Rahimi, R Kondo, Y TadaUmezaki, M TI JOSEPHSON PHASE QUBITS, AND QUANTUM COMMUNICATION VIA A RESONANT CAVITY SO MOLECULAR REALIZATIONS OF QUANTUM COMPUTING 2007 SE Kinki University Series on Quantum Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Molecular Realizations of Quantum Computing 2007 CY OCT 31-NOV 02, 2007 CL Higashi Osaka, JAPAN DE phase qubits; circuit cavity QED; quantum bus AB We discuss in detail the physics of single phase qubits, as well as building an elementary quantum information link between them by means of an on-chip transmission line cavity resonator. We present the experiment at NIST [Nature 449, 438 (2007)], where we experimentally demonstrated the ability to coherently transfer quantum states between two phase qubits through such a quantum bus. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Sillanpaa, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM masillan@cc.hut.fi NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 1793-7299 BN 978-981-283-867-4 J9 KINKI U SER QUANTUM PY 2009 VL 2 BP 56 EP 57 DI 10.1142/9789812838681_0003 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Computer Science; Physics GA BNA94 UT WOS:000274047900003 ER PT J AU Henz, BJ Hawa, T Zachariah, M AF Henz, Brian J. Hawa, Takumi Zachariah, Michael TI Molecular dynamics simulation of the kinetic sintering of Ni and Al nanoparticles SO MOLECULAR SIMULATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Institute-of-Chemical-Engineers CY NOV, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP AIChE DE sintering; SHS reaction; nanoparticle ID INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; COMBUSTION SYNTHESIS; MULTILAYER FOILS; COALESCENCE; BODY; ALUMINUM; NICKEL; TEMPERATURE; ENTHALPIES; DEFECTS AB The kinetic sintering of Ni and Al nanoparticles is considered using molecular dynamics simulations. We report on the effects of nanoparticle size on sintering temperature and time, with results showing that surface energy has a slight effect on both results. The effect of surface energy on combustion temperature is limited to nanoparticles of less than 10 nm in diameter. An analysis of the various alloys formed during sintering gives insight into the reaction process. The formation of Al-rich compounds is observed initially with a final equilibration and rapid formation of the eutectic alloy immediately preceded by melting of the Ni nanoparticle. We have observed that nanoparticle size and surface energy are both important factors in determining the adiabatic reaction temperature for this material system at nanoparticle sizes of less than 10 nm in diameter. C1 [Henz, Brian J.] USA, Adv Comp & Computat Sci Div, Res Lab, ATTN AMSRD ARL CI HC, Aberdeen, MD 21005 USA. [Hawa, Takumi; Zachariah, Michael] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hawa, Takumi; Zachariah, Michael] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hawa, Takumi; Zachariah, Michael] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Henz, BJ (reprint author), USA, Adv Comp & Computat Sci Div, Res Lab, ATTN AMSRD ARL CI HC, Aberdeen, MD 21005 USA. EM brian.j.henz@us.army.mil NR 34 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0892-7022 J9 MOL SIMULAT JI Mol. Simul. PY 2009 VL 35 IS 10-11 BP 804 EP 811 DI 10.1080/08927020902818021 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 494DM UT WOS:000269789900005 ER PT J AU Pasch, RJ Blake, ES Avila, LA Beven, JL Brown, DP Franklin, JL Knabb, RD Mainelli, MM Rhome, JR Stewart, SR AF Pasch, Richard J. Blake, Eric S. Avila, Lixion A. Beven, John L. Brown, Daniel P. Franklin, James L. Knabb, Richard D. Mainelli, Michelle M. Rhome, Jamie R. Stewart, Stacy R. TI Eastern North Pacific Hurricane Season of 2006 SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article AB The hurricane season of 2006 in the eastern North Pacific basin is summarized, and the individual tropical cyclones are described. Also, the official track and intensity forecasts of these cyclones are verified and evaluated. The 2006 eastern North Pacific season was an active one, in which 18 tropical storms formed. Of these, 10 became hurricanes and 5 became major hurricanes. A total of 2 hurricanes and 1 tropical depression made landfall in Mexico, causing 13 direct deaths in that country along with significant property damage. On average, the official track forecasts in the eastern Pacific for 2006 were quite skillful. No appreciable improvement in mean intensity forecasts was noted, however. C1 [Pasch, Richard J.; Blake, Eric S.; Avila, Lixion A.; Beven, John L.; Brown, Daniel P.; Franklin, James L.; Knabb, Richard D.; Mainelli, Michelle M.; Rhome, Jamie R.; Stewart, Stacy R.] NOAA NWS NCEP, Natl Hurricane Ctr, Trop Predict Ctr, Miami, FL 33165 USA. RP Pasch, RJ (reprint author), NOAA NWS NCEP, Natl Hurricane Ctr, Trop Predict Ctr, 11691 SW 17th St, Miami, FL 33165 USA. EM richard.j.pasch@noaa.gov NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 137 IS 1 BP 3 EP 20 DI 10.1175/2008MWR2508.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 404VU UT WOS:000263181900001 ER PT J AU DeMaria, M AF DeMaria, Mark TI A Simplified Dynamical System for Tropical Cyclone Intensity Prediction SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; MAXIMUM INTENSITY; HURRICANE INTENSITY; ATLANTIC; MODEL; FORECASTS; CLIMATE; WINDS; DECAY; PERFORMANCE AB A simplified dynamical system for tropical cyclone intensity prediction based on a logistic growth equation (LGE) is developed. The time tendency of the maximum sustained surface winds is proportional to the sum of two terms: a growth term and a term that limits the maximum wind to an upper bound. The maximum wind evolution over land is determined by an empirical inland wind decay formula. The LGE contains four free parameters, which are the time-dependent growth rate and maximum potential intensity (MPI), and two constants that determine how quickly the intensity relaxes toward the MPI. The MPI is estimated from an empirical formula as a function of sea surface temperature and storm translational speed. The adjoint of the LGE provides a method for finding the other three free parameters to make the predictions as close as possible to the National Hurricane Center best-track intensities. The growth rate is assumed to be a linear function of the vertical shear (S), a convective instability parameter (C) determined from an entraining plume, and their product, where both S and C use global model fields as input. This assumption reduces the parameter estimation problem to the selection of six constants. Results show that the LGE optimized for the full life cycle of individual storms can very accurately simulate the intensity variations out to as long as 15 days. For intensity prediction, single values of the six constants are found by fitting the model to more than 2400 Atlantic forecasts from 2001 to 2006. Results show that the observed intensity variations can be fit more accurately with the LGE than with the linear Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction Scheme (SHIPS) formulation, and with a much smaller number of constants. Results also show that LGE model solution (and some properties of real storms) can be explained by the evolution in the two-dimensional S-C phase space. Forecast and other applications of the LGE model are discussed. C1 Colorado State Univ, NOAA NESDIS StAR, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP DeMaria, M (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, NOAA NESDIS StAR, CIRA, 1375 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Mark.DeMaria@noaa.gov RI DeMaria, Mark/F-5583-2010 NR 43 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 137 IS 1 BP 68 EP 82 DI 10.1175/2008MWR2513.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 404VU UT WOS:000263181900005 ER PT J AU Douglas, MW Mejia, J Ordinola, N Boustead, J AF Douglas, Michael W. Mejia, John Ordinola, Norma Boustead, Joshua TI Synoptic Variability of Rainfall and Cloudiness along the Coasts of Northern Peru and Ecuador during the 1997/98 El Nino Event SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE AB This paper describes the meteorological conditions associated with large fluctuations in rainfall over the coastal regions of northern Peru and Ecuador during the 1997/98 El Nino event. Using data from a network of routine rain gauges and special gauges established just prior to the onset of heavy rains, it is shown that large variations in the daily rainfall on quasi-weekly time scales occurred during the period January-April 1998. These rainfall fluctuations were approximately in phase along the coast from near the equator to similar to 7 degrees S. The daily rainfall data was averaged to develop a subset of wet and dry days, and then these dates were used as the basis for compositing. Special pilot balloon observations were composited with respect to the wet and dry days, showing that westerly and northerly wind anomalies are associated with wet spells. Composites of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction-National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP-NCAR) reanalysis and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) data support a modest association of anomalous westerly wind events with enhanced rainfall. The relationship observed between westerly zonal wind anomalies and rainfall west of the Andes during 1998 suggested using the NCEP reanalysis to develop composites based on westerly wind events observed during other years. Zonal wind anomalies at 700 hPa were used as the primary criterion for stratifying "wet" and "dry" days, despite reservations about the association between rainfall and zonal wind. Compositing Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) and OLR data for 220 west wind anomaly events from the months of January-April for the years 1990-2005 showed that they are associated with enhanced cloudiness that propagates eastward at similar to 10 m s(-1). The composites using NCEP reanalyses show the evolution of the wind field associated with the wet days and suggest a link between extratropical wave passages across North America and anomalous westerly wind events off the coast of Ecuador and northern Peru. C1 [Douglas, Michael W.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Mejia, John] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Ordinola, Norma] Univ Piura, Piura, Peru. [Boustead, Joshua] Natl Weather Serv, Omaha, NE USA. RP Douglas, MW (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM michael.douglas@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research [NA17RJ1227]; National Science Foundation [ATM-9820587] FX The present work was supported by the NOAA's Office of Global Programs, during the early stages of the PACS-SONET project. PACS-SONET funding was provided by the NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, U. S. Department of Commerce. The various program managers are thanked for their support of the 1998 special measurements. This study was initially started during a visit by one of the authors (NO) to NSSL and while one author (JB) was participating in a Research for Undergraduates activity supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant ATM-9820587. Antonio Rodriguez of INAMHI graciously provided the INAMHI rainfall data from Ecuador. Ken Knapp of NESDIS made the GOES imagery available for this work. Many observers made the observations used in this study and many others assisted in different aspects of the field work. Special thanks are due to the reviewers (Ken Takahashi and two anonymous reviewers) of this manuscript for encouraging us to explore in more detail some ideas that led to the expansion of this paper's scope. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 137 IS 1 BP 116 EP 136 DI 10.1175/2008MWR2191.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 404VU UT WOS:000263181900008 ER PT J AU Lau, NC Ploshay, JJ AF Lau, Ngar-Cheung Ploshay, Jeffrey J. TI Simulation of Synoptic- and Subsynoptic-Scale Phenomena Associated with the East Asian Summer Monsoon Using a High-Resolution GCM SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID TIBETAN PLATEAU; HORIZONTAL RESOLUTION; MOISTURE BUDGETS; GLOBAL CLIMATE; HEAT-SOURCES; MODEL; CIRCULATION; RAINFALL; OSCILLATION; VARIABILITY AB A 20-yr simulation using a global atmospheric general circulation model with a resolution of 0.5 latitude x 0.625 degrees longitude is compared with observational findings. The primary goal of this survey is to assess the model performance in reproducing various summertime phenomena related to the continental-scale Asian monsoon in general, and the regional-scale East Asian monsoon in particular. In both model and observed atmospheres, the seasonal march of the precipitation centers associated with the Asian summer monsoon is characterized by onsets occurring earliest over the southeastern Bay of Bengal, followed by rapid northeastward advances over Indochina, the South China Sea-Philippine Sea and the western Pacific, northward evolution in the East Asian sector, as well as northwestward development over the Bay of Bengal, the Indian subcontinent, and the Arabian Sea. This onset sequence is accompanied by southwesterly low-level flows over the rainy regions, as well as northwestward migration of the 200-mb Tibetan anticyclone. Analysis of the heat sources and sinks in various regions illustrates the prominent role of condensational heating in the local energy budget during the mature phases of monsoon development. In accord with observations, the simulated monsoon rains in the East Asian sector are organized about zonally elongated "mei-yu-baiu" (plum rain) systems. These precipitation features advance to higher latitudes during the June-July period, in conjunction with displacements of the axis of the low-level anticyclone over the subtropical western Pacific. A detailed case study is performed on a prominent rainy episode in the simulation. The model is capable of reproducing the observed intense gradients in temperature, humidity, and moist static stability in the vicinity of the mei-yu-baiu front, as well as the spatial relationships between the rainband and the three-dimensional flow field. The axis of the mei-yu-baiu rainband in this event is aligned with the trajectory of a succession of mesoscale cyclonic vortices, which originate from southwestern China and travel northeastward over the Yangtze River basin. C1 [Lau, Ngar-Cheung; Ploshay, Jeffrey J.] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Lau, NC (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Forrestal Campus,POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM gabriel.lau@noaa.gov NR 44 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 137 IS 1 BP 137 EP 160 DI 10.1175/2008MWR2511.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 404VU UT WOS:000263181900009 ER PT J AU Glahn, B Peroutka, M Wiedenfeld, J Wagner, J Zylstra, G Schuknecht, B Jackson, B AF Glahn, Bob Peroutka, Matthew Wiedenfeld, Jerry Wagner, John Zylstra, Greg Schuknecht, Bryan Jackson, Bryan TI MOS Uncertainty Estimates in an Ensemble Framework SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID STOCHASTIC DYNAMIC PREDICTION; PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; SEASONAL CLIMATE; SYSTEMS; WEATHER; SKILL; TEMPERATURE; REFORECASTS; NCEP AB It is being increasingly recognized that the uncertainty in weather forecasts should be quantified and furnished to users along with the single-value forecasts usually provided. Probabilistic forecasts of "events" have been made in special cases; for instance, probabilistic forecasts of the event defined as 0.01 in. or more of precipitation at a point over a specified time period [i.e., the probability of precipitation (PoP)] have been disseminated to the public by the Weather Bureau/National Weather Service since 1966. Within the past decade, ensembles of operational numerical weather prediction models have been produced and used to some degree to provide probabilistic estimates of events easily dealt with, such as the occurrence of specific amounts of precipitation. In most such applications, the number of ensembles restricts this "enumeration" method, and the ensembles are characteristically underdispersive. However, fewer attempts have been made to provide a probability density function (PDF) or cumulative distribution function (CDF) for a continuous variable. The Meteorological Development Laboratory (MDL) has used the error estimation capabilities of the linear regression framework and kernel density fitting applied to individual and aggregate ensemble members of the Global Ensemble Forecast System of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction to develop PDFs and CDFs. This paper describes the method and results for temperature, dewpoint, daytime maximum temperature, and nighttime minimum temperature. The method produces reliable forecasts with accuracy exceeding the raw ensembles. Points on the CDF for 1650 stations have been mapped to the National Digital Forecast Database 5-km grid and an example is provided. C1 [Glahn, Bob; Peroutka, Matthew; Wiedenfeld, Jerry; Wagner, John; Zylstra, Greg; Schuknecht, Bryan] NOAA, Meteorol Dev Lab, Off Sci & Technol, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Jackson, Bryan] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Wakefield, VA USA. RP Glahn, B (reprint author), NOAA, Meteorol Dev Lab, Off Sci & Technol, Natl Weather Serv, W-OST2,Room 10214,SSMC2,1325 East-West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Harry.Glahn@noaa.gov NR 50 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 137 IS 1 BP 246 EP 268 DI 10.1175/2008MWR2569.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 404VU UT WOS:000263181900014 ER PT J AU Jha, B Kumar, A AF Jha, Bhaskar Kumar, Arun TI A Comparison of the Atmospheric Response to ENSO in Coupled and Uncoupled Model Simulations SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; SUMMER; WINTER AB In the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) simulations the sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are specified and the oceanic evolution consistent with air-sea interaction is not included. This omission could lead to errors in the atmospheric response to SSTs. At the same time, the AMIP experimental setup is well suited for investigating many aspects of climate variability (e. g., the attribution of the interannual atmospheric variability) and continues to be extensively used. As coupled El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) SST variability is a dominant factor in determining the predictable component of the observed interannual atmospheric variability, the difference in the atmospheric response to ENSO SSTs between AMIP and coupled simulations is investigated. The results indicate that the seasonal atmospheric response to ENSO between coupled and uncoupled integrations is similar, and the inclusion of oceanic evolution consistent with air-sea interaction does not play a dominant role. The analysis presented in this paper is one step toward assessing differences in atmospheric response to SSTs in coupled and uncoupled simulations, and is required to correctly interpret the results of AMIP simulations. C1 [Kumar, Arun] NOAA, NCEP, NWS, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Jha, Bhaskar] RSIS, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Kumar, A (reprint author), NOAA, NCEP, NWS, Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd,Rm 800, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM arun.kumar@noaa.gov NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 137 IS 1 BP 479 EP 487 DI 10.1175/2008MWR2489.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 404VU UT WOS:000263181900027 ER PT B AU Mani, M Lyons, KW Rachuri, S Subrahmanian, E Ameta, G Sriram, RD Feng, SC AF Mani, Mahesh Lyons, Kevin W. Rachuri, Sudarsan Subrahmanian, Eswaran Ameta, Gaurav Sriram, Ram D. Feng, Shaw C. GP ASME TI INTRODUCING SUSTAINABILITY EARLY INTO MANUFACTURING PROCESS PLANNING SO MSEC 2008: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MANUFACTURING SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING CONFERENCE 2008, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference CY OCT 07-10, 2008 CL Evanston, IL SP ASME, Mfg Engn Div AB In response to the global trend towards implementing sustainable manufacturing practices, we put forth an exploratory approach that uses energy monitoring as a means to introduce sustainability criteria early into manufacturing process planning. Typically cost, quality and time are the indices for manufacturability assessment in generating manufacturing process plans. In this paper, we propose the idea of introducing sustainability to complement cost, quality and time to arrive at alternative sustainable plans in identified manufacturing processes. To be sustainable, it is pertinent that manufacturing firms understand the energy consumption of different manufacturing equipment used to produce products. This will enable industry to implement energy reduction processes in a more effective manner and pave the way for improved and alternate manufacturing solutions. The paper presents the potential utility of energy usage readings in the interest of continuing dialogue and collaboration. C1 [Mani, Mahesh; Lyons, Kevin W.; Rachuri, Sudarsan; Ameta, Gaurav; Sriram, Ram D.; Feng, Shaw C.] NIST, Design & Proc Grp, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mani, M (reprint author), NIST, Design & Proc Grp, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mahesh@nist.gov; kevin.lyons@nist.gov; sudarsan@cme.nist.gov; eswaran@nist.gov; ameta@cme.nist.gov; sriram@nist.gov; feng@nist.gov NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4851-7 PY 2009 BP 319 EP 326 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BJK26 UT WOS:000266633200043 ER PT B AU Izquierdo, A Golmie, NT AF Izquierdo, Antonio Golmie, Nada T. GP ACM TI Improving Security Information Gathering with IEEE 802.21 to Optimize Handover Performance SO MSWIM09; PROCEEDINGS OF THE 12TH ACM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MODELING, ANALYSIS, AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th ACM International Conference on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Tenerife, SPAIN DE Handover; IEEE 802.21; Security configuration AB In mobile networks, authentication is a time-consuming operation that needs to be shortened in order to provide seamless handovers. Furthermore, the time required for negotiating security parameters and obtaining security policies increases the importance of the authentication performance during handovers. Many optimizations have been proposed for different authentication mechanisms in different layers. However, they fail to provide means to learn in advance security capabilities and policies in candidate networks, and thus do not reduce the chance of connecting to potentially incompatible target networks. In this paper we use the information capabilities provided by IEEE 802.21 and propose an extension to current network selection algorithms that takes into account security parameters and policies to optimize the handover performance and reduce the negotiation delay. C1 [Izquierdo, Antonio; Golmie, Nada T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Izquierdo, A (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8920, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM aizquier@nist.gov; nada.golmie@nist.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-60558-616-8 PY 2009 BP 96 EP 105 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BQS81 UT WOS:000281753300015 ER PT S AU Smeaton, AF Over, P Kraaij, W AF Smeaton, Alan F. Over, Paul Kraaij, Wessel BE Divakaran, A TI High-Level Feature Detection from Video in TRECVid: A 5-Year Retrospective of Achievements SO MULTIMEDIA CONTENT ANALYSIS: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS SE Signals and Communication Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MULTIMEDIA AB Successful and effective content-based access to digital video requires fast, accurate, and scalable methods to determine the video content automatically. A variety of contemporary approaches to this rely on text taken from speech within the video, or on matching one video frame against others using low-level characteristics like colour, texture or shapes, or on determining and matching objects appearing within the video. Possibly the most important technique, however, is one that determines the presence or absence of a high-level or semantic feature, within a video clip or shot. By utilizing dozens, hundreds or even thousands of such semantic features we can support many kinds of content-based video navigation. Critically, however, this depends on being able to determine whether each feature is or is not present in a video clip. The last 5 years have seen much progress in the development of techniques to determine the presence of semantic features within video. This progress can be tracked in the annual TRECVid benchmarking activity where dozens of research groups measure the effectiveness of their techniques on common data and using an open, metrics-based approach. In this chapter we summarize the work done on the TRECVid high-level feature task, showing the progress made year-on-year. This provides a fairly comprehensive statement on where the state-of-the-art is regarding this important task, not just for one research group or for one approach, but across the spectrum. We then use this past and on-going work as a basis for highlighting the trends that are emerging in this area, and the questions which remain to be addressed before we can achieve large-scale, fast and reliable high-level feature detection on video.(1) C1 [Smeaton, Alan F.] Dublin City Univ, Dublin 9, Ireland. [Over, Paul] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kraaij, Wessel] TNO, Delft, Netherlands. RP Smeaton, AF (reprint author), Dublin City Univ, Dublin 9, Ireland. EM Alan.Smeaton@Dcu.le; over@nist.gov; Wessel.Kraaij@tno.nl NR 24 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1860-4862 BN 978-0-387-76567-9 J9 SIGNALS COMMUN TECHN PY 2009 BP 151 EP 174 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-76569-3_6 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJM40 UT WOS:000266800400006 ER PT S AU Lee, YJ Cicerone, MT AF Lee, Young Jong Cicerone, Marcus T. BE Periasamy, A So, PTC TI Pulse shaping for background free broadband CARS SO MULTIPHOTON MICROSCOPY IN THE BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multiphoton Microscopy in the Biomedical Sciences IX CY JAN 25-27, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Becker & Hickl, Boston Elect, Carl Zeiss Inc, Coherent Inc, HighQ Laser, Newport Spectra Phys, Chroma Technol Corp, Omega Opt, Olympus Amer Inc DE pulse shaping; Raman spectroscopy; CARS; nonresonant background ID STOKES-RAMAN SCATTERING; SUPERCONTINUUM GENERATION; ONE-LASER; MICROSCOPY; SPECTROSCOPY AB We demonstrate that pulse shaping of a narrowband pulse can suppress the nonresonant background (NRB) contribution and retrieve resonant Raman signals efficiently in a broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectrum. A pulse shaper prepares a probe pulse with two spectral components of differing phase. When the CARS fields generated by these two out-of-phase components are optically mixed, the NRB signal is greatly reduced while a resonant CARS signal survives with minimal attenuation. We discuss three model schemes for the interfering pulse components: (1) two pulses with different bandwidths and the same center frequency (ps-fs scheme); (2) two pulses with the same bandwidth and shifted center frequencies (ps-ps scheme); and (3) a pulse with different phases across the center frequency (fs(+/-) scheme). In all schemes, only the resonant signal from the "3-color" CARS mechanism survives. The resonant signal from "2-color" CARS mechanism vanishes along with the NRB. We discuss optimization conditions for signal intensity and shape of resonant CARS peaks. C1 [Lee, Young Jong; Cicerone, Marcus T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, YJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Lee, Young Jong/B-7129-2008 OI Lee, Young Jong/0000-0001-7754-3001 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7429-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7183 AR 71830Y DI 10.1117/12.809102 PG 8 WC Microscopy; Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Microscopy; Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BSL20 UT WOS:000284822400023 ER PT B AU Taylor, JA Diddams, SA Datta, S Joshi, A AF Taylor, Jennifer A. Diddams, Scott A. Datta, Shubhashish Joshi, Abhay GP IEEE TI Photodiode Limitations in the Generation of Low-Noise Microwave Signals From Stable Frequency Combs SO MWP: 2009 INTERNATIONAL TOPICAL MEETING ON MICROWAVE PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics CY OCT 14-16, 2009 CL Valencia, SPAIN SP Minist Cienca Innovac, Gen Valenc, Univ Politecn Valencia, Discovery Semiconductors Inc, Photline Technol, Emcore Corporat, Photon Soc, IEEE Photon Soc, MTTS, IEEE MTTS, IEICE ID FEMTOSECOND-LASER AB An optically-stabilized femtosecond laser frequency comb can generate low phase noise microwave signals; however, excess noise arises in the photodetection process. We study the impact of photodetecor shot noise, saturation, and power-to-phase conversion on 1-10 GHz signal generation. C1 [Taylor, Jennifer A.; Diddams, Scott A.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Datta, Shubhashish; Joshi, Abhay] Discovery Semicond Inc, Ewing, NJ USA. RP Taylor, JA (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Jennifer.Taylor@nist.gov; abhay@chipsat.com RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4788-6 PY 2009 BP 147 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BOP12 UT WOS:000277177700039 ER PT B AU Allen, JN Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, HS Ewing, RL AF Allen, Jacob N. Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, Hoda S. Ewing, Robert L. GP IEEE TI Cognitive Processing Using Spiking Neural Networks SO NAECON: PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2009 NATIONAL AEROSPACE & ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference CY JUL 21-23, 2009 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE Dayton Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Soc ID ELECTRONIC NOSE AB Powerful parallel cognitive processors can be developed by studying biologically plausible models of cognitive systems in animals and extrapolating key principles to be adapted for implementation in digital computer architectures. The network described here uses basic statistical methods such as proportion sampling on a massively parallel scale to create a general purpose pattern classifier. From these principles, we can achieve auto association and self organization that provides fundamental cognitive processing. Signal preprocessing is essential to transform the signal into a scale and rotation invariant binary pattern. The network avoids the curse of dimensionality by filtering out irrelevant inputs, allowing us to combine large sensor input vectors from multiple sources. Recent hardware designs define the network structure and state in memory, and then use accelerator processor cores to modify these memory structures in parallel. C1 [Allen, Jacob N.; Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, Hoda S.] Oakland Univ, Microelect Syst Design Lab, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rochester Hills, MI 48309 USA. [Ewing, Robert L.] Air Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Allen, JN (reprint author), Oakland Univ, Microelect Syst Design Lab, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rochester Hills, MI 48309 USA. FU [FA8650-04-2-4201]; [RSC04025] FX This work is partially supported by a research grant #FA8650-04-2-4201, No. RSC04025, Task 1 from the AFRL (2007- 2009). Views and conclusions herein are those of the authors, and not necessarily the views of the US Air Force or the US government. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4494-6 PY 2009 BP 56 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BPK73 UT WOS:000279101400010 ER PT J AU Peterson, JJ Nesbitt, DJ AF Peterson, Jeffrey J. Nesbitt, David J. TI Modified Power Law Behavior in Quantum Dot Blinking: A Novel Role for Biexcitons and Auger Ionization SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENCE INTERMITTENCY; NANOCRYSTALS AB Single photon detection methods are used to acquire fluorescence trajectories from single CdSe/ZnS colloidal quantum dots (QDs) and analyze their blinking behavior. Although the "off-time" distributions follow ideal power law behavior at all wavelengths and intensities, significant deviations from power law behavior are observed for the "on-times". Specifically, with improved time resolution, trajectory durations, and photon statistics, we report a near-exponential falloff of on-time probability distributions at long times. Investigation of this falloff behavior as a function of laser wavelength and power demonstrate that these deviations originate from multiexciton dynamics, whose formation probabilities can be very low on a "per laser pulse" basis, but become nearly unity on the time scales of the longest on-times. The near quadratic, power-dependent results indicate the predominant role of biexcitons in the long time on-to-off blinking dynamics, which can be interpreted in terms of an Auger ionization event. In conjunction with Poisson modeling of the photon statistics, the data is consistent with OD ionization efficiencies of order approximate to 10(-5) and highlight a novel role for biexcitons and Auger ionization in QD blinking. C1 [Nesbitt, David J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 23 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 9 IS 1 BP 338 EP 345 DI 10.1021/nl803108p PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 395IZ UT WOS:000262519100064 PM 19072721 ER PT S AU Moore, JJ Park, IW Lin, J Anton, JM Mishra, B Kim, KH AF Moore, John J. Park, In-Wook Lin, Jianliang Anton, Jennifer M. Mishra, Brajendra Kim, Kwang Ho BE Ochsner, A Ahmed, W Ali, N TI Nanostructured, Nanocomposite Tribological Coatings SO NANOCOMPOSITE COATINGS AND NANOCOMPOSITE MATERIALS SE Materials Science Foundations LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MAGNETRON SPUTTERING SYSTEM; LANGMUIR PROBE MEASUREMENTS; HIGH MECHANICAL HARDNESS; THIN-FILMS; N FILMS; SUPERHARD COATINGS; ION-IMPLANTATION; NANOPHASE METALS; POWER DENSITIES; WEAR PROTECTION C1 [Moore, John J.; Park, In-Wook; Lin, Jianliang; Mishra, Brajendra] Colorado Sch Mines, ACSEL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Anton, Jennifer M.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kim, Kwang Ho] Pusan Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Pusan 609735, South Korea. RP Moore, JJ (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, ACSEL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM jjmoore@mines.edu; ipark@mines.edu; jlin@mines.edu; janton@boulder.nist.gov; bmishra@mines.edu; kwhokim@pusan.ac.kr NR 109 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1422-3597 BN 978-0-87849-346-3 J9 MATER SCI FOUND PY 2009 VL 54-55 BP 1 EP 49 PG 49 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BKL54 UT WOS:000268438600001 ER PT S AU Kim, MJ Robertson, JWF Kasianowicz, JJ AF Kim, Min Jun Robertson, Joseph W. F. Kasianowicz, John J. BE Edel, JB DeMello, AJ TI Single Molecule Analysis Using Single Nanopores SO NANOFLUIDICS: NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SE RSC Nanoscience and Nanotechnology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOLID-STATE NANOPORES; STAPHYLOCOCCAL ALPHA-HEMOLYSIN; HEPTAMERIC TRANSMEMBRANE PORE; NANOMETER-SCALE PORE; ION-CHANNEL; DNA TRANSLOCATION; BILAYER-MEMBRANES; LIPID-BILAYERS; FABRICATION; TRANSPORT C1 [Kim, Min Jun] Drexel Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Robertson, Joseph W. F.; Kasianowicz, John J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, EEEL, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kim, MJ (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1757-7136 BN 978-0-85404-147-3 J9 RSC NANOSCI NANOTECH PY 2009 IS 6 BP 113 EP 138 PG 26 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BJY25 UT WOS:000267408300006 ER PT B AU Nguyen, T Pellegrin, B Mermet, L Shapiro, A Gu, X Chin, J AF Nguyen, T. Pellegrin, B. Mermet, L. Shapiro, A. Gu, X. Chin, J. BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Network Aggregation of CNTs at the Surface of Epoxy/MWCNT Composite Exposed to UV Radiation SO NANOTECH CONFERENCE & EXPO 2009, VOL 1, TECHNICAL PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nanotech 2009 Conference CY MAY 03-07, 2009 CL Houston, TX SP Acctron AG, Adv Energy Consortium, Alliance NanoHealth, Appl Mat, Bayer MaterialScience, Buchanan Ingersoll & Rooney PC, Buhler PARTEC GmbH, Ctr Appl Nanotechnol GmbH, Ctr Biol & Environm Nanotechnol, Clean Technol & Sustainable Ind Org, CMP, CTC Nanotechnol GmbH, DREEBIT GmbH, ETH Zurich, ETH Transfer, ETH Zurich, MNSP, Folcy & Lardner LLP, FDA, Goodwin Procter LLC, HiNanoAnalytics, Houston Technol Ctr, Inno X GmbH, Innovat Alliance Carbon Nanotubes, Italian Tradde Commiss, Jackson Walket LLP, JENOPTIK, Lockheed Martin, Nano Sci & Technol Inst, nano tech 2009 Japan, NanoEurope Fair & Conf, Nanograde Llc, NanoInk, NANOSENSORS, NanoSPRINT, NanoWorld AG, NCI, NIH, Opportun Houston, OSEC, Pearland Econ Dev Corp, Res Germany Land Ideas, Richard Smalley Inst Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Taylor & Francis Grp LLC, CRC Press, TechConnect, Texas Nanotechnol Initiat, IEEE Stand Assoc, Russian Corp Nanotechnologies, TurboBeads Llc, Weidmann Plast Technol AG ID CARBON NANOTUBES AB Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are increasingly incorporated in polymers to enhance their mechanical and electrical properties. However, organic polymers are prone to degrade when exposed to UV radiation. Therefore, CNTs in a polymer nanocomposite could eventually be released into the environment during their life cycle, which might have a negative impact on the environment and thus presents a roadblock to their use. This study investigates the degradation of an amine-cured epoxy/multi-walled CNT (MWCNTs) composite and characterizes the CNT concentration at the nanocomposite surfaces during exposure to UV radiation. An amine-cured diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A epoxy and MWCNTs pre-dispersed in the epoxy resin were used as the polymer matrix and CNT, respectively. Epoxy/MWCNT composites having a thickness of approximately 125 mu m were exposed to 75% RH, 50 degrees C, and UV radiation between 290 nm and 400 nm in a NIST-developed UV chamber. Chemical degradation, mass loss. and surface morphology were measured at specified exposure time using FTIR, gravimetry, SEM, and AFM techniques. Results show that the epoxy matrix in the nanocomposite containing 0.72% (by mass) MWCNTs undergoes rapid photodegradation, resulting in a large concentration increase and network aggregation of MWCNT at the nanocomposite surface with exposure time. C1 [Nguyen, T.; Pellegrin, B.; Mermet, L.; Shapiro, A.; Gu, X.; Chin, J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nguyen, T (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM tinh.nguyen@nist.gov NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 10 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-1782-7 PY 2009 BP 90 EP 93 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BMP72 UT WOS:000273296000025 ER PT B AU Pellegrin, B Nguyen, T Mermet, L Shapiro, A Gu, X Chin, J AF Pellegrin, B. Nguyen, T. Mermet, L. Shapiro, A. Gu, X. Chin, J. BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Degradation and Nanoparticle Release of Epoxy/Nanosilica Composites Exposed to UV Radiation SO NANOTECH CONFERENCE & EXPO 2009, VOL 1, TECHNICAL PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nanotech 2009 Conference CY MAY 03-07, 2009 CL Houston, TX SP Acctron AG, Adv Energy Consortium, Alliance NanoHealth, Appl Mat, Bayer MaterialScience, Buchanan Ingersoll & Rooney PC, Buhler PARTEC GmbH, Ctr Appl Nanotechnol GmbH, Ctr Biol & Environm Nanotechnol, Clean Technol & Sustainable Ind Org, CMP, CTC Nanotechnol GmbH, DREEBIT GmbH, ETH Zurich, ETH Transfer, ETH Zurich, MNSP, Folcy & Lardner LLP, FDA, Goodwin Procter LLC, HiNanoAnalytics, Houston Technol Ctr, Inno X GmbH, Innovat Alliance Carbon Nanotubes, Italian Tradde Commiss, Jackson Walket LLP, JENOPTIK, Lockheed Martin, Nano Sci & Technol Inst, nano tech 2009 Japan, NanoEurope Fair & Conf, Nanograde Llc, NanoInk, NANOSENSORS, NanoSPRINT, NanoWorld AG, NCI, NIH, Opportun Houston, OSEC, Pearland Econ Dev Corp, Res Germany Land Ideas, Richard Smalley Inst Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Taylor & Francis Grp LLC, CRC Press, TechConnect, Texas Nanotechnol Initiat, IEEE Stand Assoc, Russian Corp Nanotechnologies, TurboBeads Llc, Weidmann Plast Technol AG ID EPOXY; NANOCOMPOSITES; BEHAVIOR; FRACTURE AB This study investigates changes of surface nanosilica concentration, rate and amount of nanosilica loss., and degradation of epoxy/nanosilica composites during exposure to UV radiation. The polymer matrix was a stoichiometric mixture of a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A epoxy and an aliphatic tri-amine. Epoxy nanocomposite free films containing 5 % and 10 % silica nanoparticles in the 200 pm to 250 mu m thickness range were fabricated. Thin films on CaF(2) substrate were also prepared and investigated. Nanocomposite specimens were exposed to 75 % RH, 50 degrees C, and 290 nm - 400 nm UV radiation in a NIST-developed UV chamber. Exposed samples were removed to measure photodegradation, mass loss, and surface morphology using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gravimetry, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. The amount and rate of nanosilica release were estimated by thermogravimetry (TGA), which can separate nanosilica from epoxy matrix. Amine-cured epoxy/nanosilica composites exposed to UV radiation were observed to undergo rapid photodegradation, resulting in a substantial mass loss of both the polymer and nanosilica. An increase of nanosilica concentration was observed on the composite surface. C1 [Pellegrin, B.; Nguyen, T.; Mermet, L.; Shapiro, A.; Gu, X.; Chin, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pellegrin, B (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-1782-7 PY 2009 BP 94 EP 97 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BMP72 UT WOS:000273296000026 ER PT B AU Spatz, RO Zeisler, R Paul, RL AF Spatz, R. Oflaz Zeisler, R. Paul, R. L. BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI CURRENT DEVELOPMENT STUDIES OF SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBE REFERENCE MATERIAL AT NATIONAL INSTITUE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGYG (NIST) SO NANOTECH CONFERENCE & EXPO 2009, VOL 1, TECHNICAL PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nanotech 2009 Conference CY MAY 03-07, 2009 CL Houston, TX SP Acctron AG, Adv Energy Consortium, Alliance NanoHealth, Appl Mat, Bayer MaterialScience, Buchanan Ingersoll & Rooney PC, Buhler PARTEC GmbH, Ctr Appl Nanotechnol GmbH, Ctr Biol & Environm Nanotechnol, Clean Technol & Sustainable Ind Org, CMP, CTC Nanotechnol GmbH, DREEBIT GmbH, ETH Zurich, ETH Transfer, ETH Zurich, MNSP, Folcy & Lardner LLP, FDA, Goodwin Procter LLC, HiNanoAnalytics, Houston Technol Ctr, Inno X GmbH, Innovat Alliance Carbon Nanotubes, Italian Tradde Commiss, Jackson Walket LLP, JENOPTIK, Lockheed Martin, Nano Sci & Technol Inst, nano tech 2009 Japan, NanoEurope Fair & Conf, Nanograde Llc, NanoInk, NANOSENSORS, NanoSPRINT, NanoWorld AG, NCI, NIH, Opportun Houston, OSEC, Pearland Econ Dev Corp, Res Germany Land Ideas, Richard Smalley Inst Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Taylor & Francis Grp LLC, CRC Press, TechConnect, Texas Nanotechnol Initiat, IEEE Stand Assoc, Russian Corp Nanotechnologies, TurboBeads Llc, Weidmann Plast Technol AG AB Carbon nanotubes are promising candidates for numerous applications because of very unique nanostruclures and possess remarkable mechanical and electronic properties. Also carbon nanotubes (CNT) arc one of the first major nanoscale manufactured products to enter the market. Therefore, reliable and reproducible quantitative measurement and characterization of carbon nanotube samples are important for progress in understanding of these materials and the development of new applications incorporating these materials. An additional value is the development of an information base for CNT toxicology. For this reason there is an urgent need for standards for carbon nanotube (CNT) manufacturers, as well as for scientific and health-related investigations done with CNTs. In response to this need, we are in the process of developing a single-walled carbon nanotube reference material (SWNT). We were involved in the characterization of a candidate SWNT reference material for elemental content using instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and cold neutron prompt gamma activation analysis (CNPGAA). The characterization of residual catalyst and impurity metals in CNT materials ranging from raw soot to highly defined purified material represents a broad analytical task: the metals may be present as major constituents or at trace and ultra-trace levels, they may be loosely adducted to the matrix, or firmly incorporated, or chemically bound. Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and cold neutron prompt gamma activation analysis (CNPGAA) allows the determination independent from these physical and chemical properties and provides reliable results over the full range of potential elemental content in the investigated sample. Both neutrons and gamma rays are highly penetrating in the sample materials thus providing an outstanding non-destructive analytical capability for determining the composition of the entire sample volume. In addition, the neutrons react with the nucleus of the atoms independent of the oxidation state, the chemical form, and the physical surrounding of the desired element. NAA requires no or minimal sample preparation for the irradiation and measurements, thus virtually excluding chemical blanks and losses or gains of the element of interest before the irradiation. C1 [Spatz, R. Oflaz; Zeisler, R.; Paul, R. L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Spatz, RO (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8395, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-1782-7 PY 2009 BP 141 EP 142 PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BMP72 UT WOS:000273296000038 ER PT B AU Nikoobakht, B Eustis, S AF Nikoobakht, B. Eustis, S. BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Strain Driven Growth of Zinc Oxide Nanowires on Sapphire: Controlling Horizontal vs. Standing Growth SO NANOTECH CONFERENCE & EXPO 2009, VOL 1, TECHNICAL PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nanotech 2009 Conference CY MAY 03-07, 2009 CL Houston, TX SP Acctron AG, Adv Energy Consortium, Alliance NanoHealth, Appl Mat, Bayer MaterialScience, Buchanan Ingersoll & Rooney PC, Buhler PARTEC GmbH, Ctr Appl Nanotechnol GmbH, Ctr Biol & Environm Nanotechnol, Clean Technol & Sustainable Ind Org, CMP, CTC Nanotechnol GmbH, DREEBIT GmbH, ETH Zurich, ETH Transfer, ETH Zurich, MNSP, Folcy & Lardner LLP, FDA, Goodwin Procter LLC, HiNanoAnalytics, Houston Technol Ctr, Inno X GmbH, Innovat Alliance Carbon Nanotubes, Italian Tradde Commiss, Jackson Walket LLP, JENOPTIK, Lockheed Martin, Nano Sci & Technol Inst, nano tech 2009 Japan, NanoEurope Fair & Conf, Nanograde Llc, NanoInk, NANOSENSORS, NanoSPRINT, NanoWorld AG, NCI, NIH, Opportun Houston, OSEC, Pearland Econ Dev Corp, Res Germany Land Ideas, Richard Smalley Inst Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Taylor & Francis Grp LLC, CRC Press, TechConnect, Texas Nanotechnol Initiat, IEEE Stand Assoc, Russian Corp Nanotechnologies, TurboBeads Llc, Weidmann Plast Technol AG DE nanowire; TEM cross-sectioning; lattice strain; electron microscopy; focused ion beam ID DEVICES AB Recently we showed large scale fabrication of field-effect transistors from horizontal ZnO nanowires (NWs) on a-plane sapphire. In growth of horizontal ZnO NWs, the substrate experiences a compressive strain of approximate to 7% in its [0001](sap) direction (along the width of a NW) to minimize its lattice mismatch with the ZnO NW. Accordingly, ZnO expands along its width to improve its lattice match with the sapphire. Although this system is a highly mismatched one, our results show that horizontal ZnO nanowires grow semi coherently with much fewer misfit dislocations than theoretically expected. We attribute the formation of fewer dislocations to partial strain relaxation of zinc oxide NW to sapphire surface. A critical nanowire thickness is defined beyond which misfit energy largely relaxes to dislocations, changing the growth mode from horizontal to standing. C1 [Nikoobakht, B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nikoobakht, B (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8372, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM babakn@nist.gov; susie.eustis@gmail.com NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-1782-7 PY 2009 BP 219 EP 222 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BMP72 UT WOS:000273296000060 ER PT B AU Nanninga, N Levy, Y Slifka, A Siewert, T McColskey, J Lasseigne, A AF Nanninga, N. Levy, Y. Slifka, A. Siewert, T. McColskey, J. Lasseigne, A. BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Research at NIST on the Compatibility of Hydrogen and Carbon Steels SO NANOTECH CONFERENCE & EXPO 2009, VOL 3, TECHNICAL PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nanotech 2009 Conference CY MAY 03-07, 2009 CL Houston, TX SP Acctron AG, Adv Energy Consortium, Alliance NanoHealth, Appl Mat, Bayer MaterialScience, Buchanan Ingersoll & Rooney PC, Buhler PARTEC GmbH, Ctr Appl Nanotechnol GmbH, Ctr Biol & Environm Nanotechnol, Clean Technol & Sustainable Ind Org, CMP, CTC Nanotechnol GmbH, DREEBIT GmbH, ETH Zurich, ETH Transfer, ETH Zurich, MNSP, Folcy & Lardner LLP, FDA, Goodwin Procter LLC, HiNanoAnalytics, Houston Technol Ctr, Inno X GmbH, Innovat Alliance Carbon Nanotubes, Italian Tradde Commiss, Jackson Walket LLP, JENOPTIK, Lockheed Martin, Nano Sci & Technol Inst, nano tech 2009 Japan, NanoEurope Fair & Conf, Nanograde Llc, NanoInk, NANOSENSORS, NanoSPRINT, NanoWorld AG, NCI, NIH, Opportun Houston, OSEC, Pearland Econ Dev Corp, Res Germany Land Ideas, Richard Smalley Inst Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Taylor & Francis Grp LLC, CRC Press, TechConnect, Texas Nanotechnol Initiat, IEEE Stand Assoc, Russian Corp Nanotechnologies, TurboBeads Llc, Weidmann Plast Technol AG DE gaseous hydrogen; materials; pipeline; pressure-vessels AB The demand for gaseous hydrogen fuel is expected to necessitate a continuous supply of hydrogen that can be delivered only through networks of existing and new pipelines and storage units. The focus of the Hydrogen Project at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), of the Materials Reliability Division, in Boulder, CO is to characterize the mechanical behavior of pipeline and pressure-vessel materials exposed to highly pressurized hydrogen gas. The material properties will be used to generate databases and develop codes and standards essential to the safe and reliable transportation of gaseous pipelines. C1 [Nanninga, N.; Levy, Y.; Slifka, A.; Siewert, T.; McColskey, J.; Lasseigne, A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Nanninga, N (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-1784-1 PY 2009 BP 122 EP 125 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Energy & Fuels; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BMQ04 UT WOS:000273331000029 ER PT B AU Chen, L Henein, G Liddle, JA AF Chen, Lei Henein, Gerard Liddle, J. Alexander BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Super-hydrophobic and/or Super-hydrophilic Surfaces Made by Plasma Process SO NANOTECH CONFERENCE & EXPO 2009, VOL 3, TECHNICAL PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nanotech 2009 Conference CY MAY 03-07, 2009 CL Houston, TX SP Acctron AG, Adv Energy Consortium, Alliance NanoHealth, Appl Mat, Bayer MaterialScience, Buchanan Ingersoll & Rooney PC, Buhler PARTEC GmbH, Ctr Appl Nanotechnol GmbH, Ctr Biol & Environm Nanotechnol, Clean Technol & Sustainable Ind Org, CMP, CTC Nanotechnol GmbH, DREEBIT GmbH, ETH Zurich, ETH Transfer, ETH Zurich, MNSP, Folcy & Lardner LLP, FDA, Goodwin Procter LLC, HiNanoAnalytics, Houston Technol Ctr, Inno X GmbH, Innovat Alliance Carbon Nanotubes, Italian Tradde Commiss, Jackson Walket LLP, JENOPTIK, Lockheed Martin, Nano Sci & Technol Inst, nano tech 2009 Japan, NanoEurope Fair & Conf, Nanograde Llc, NanoInk, NANOSENSORS, NanoSPRINT, NanoWorld AG, NCI, NIH, Opportun Houston, OSEC, Pearland Econ Dev Corp, Res Germany Land Ideas, Richard Smalley Inst Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Taylor & Francis Grp LLC, CRC Press, TechConnect, Texas Nanotechnol Initiat, IEEE Stand Assoc, Russian Corp Nanotechnologies, TurboBeads Llc, Weidmann Plast Technol AG DE Super-hydrophobic; Super-hydrophilic; Plasma; Nano-pattern; Surface ID SUPERHYDROPHILICITY; COATINGS AB In this paper, a simple, fast, all-plasma surface modification (APSM) process, which can form super-hydrophobic and/or super-hydrophilic surfaces is introduced. The APSM process includes plasma-induced surface nano-pattern formation, substrate etching and surface chemical modification. By using this process, large area super-hydrophobic or super-hydrophilic surfaces can be fabricated easily. The wetting properties can be switched between super-hydrophobic and super-hydrophilic by simply changing the plasma chemistry. By using a stencil mask to selectively modify areas on the surface with different chemicals, both super-hydrophobic and hydrophilic areas can be created on a single surface. APSM is an environmentally friendly and economic process which can be used in a variety of applications. C1 [Chen, Lei; Henein, Gerard; Liddle, J. Alexander] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chen, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Stop 6201,100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM leichen@nist.gov RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-1784-1 PY 2009 BP 194 EP 197 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Energy & Fuels; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BMQ04 UT WOS:000273331000049 ER PT J AU Stan, G Ciobanu, CV Thayer, TP Wang, GT Creighton, JR Purushotham, KP Bendersky, LA Cook, RF AF Stan, G. Ciobanu, C. V. Thayer, T. P. Wang, G. T. Creighton, J. R. Purushotham, K. P. Bendersky, L. A. Cook, R. F. TI Elastic moduli of faceted aluminum nitride nanotubes measured by contact resonance atomic force microscopy SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTIWALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; FIELD-EMISSION; NANOWIRES; ALN; STRENGTH AB A new methodology for determining the radial elastic modulus of a one-dimensional nanostructure laid on a substrate has been developed. The methodology consists of the combination of contact resonance atomic force microscopy (AFM) with finite element analysis, and we illustrate it for the case of faceted AlN nanotubes with triangular cross-sections. By making precision measurements of the resonance frequencies of the AFM cantilever-probe first in air and then in contact with the AlN nanotubes, we determine the contact stiffness at different locations on the nanotubes, i.e. on edges, inner surfaces, and outer facets. From the contact stiffness we have extracted the indentation modulus and found that this modulus depends strongly on the apex angle of the nanotube, varying from 250 to 400 GPa for indentation on the edges of the nanotubes investigated. C1 [Stan, G.; Cook, R. F.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ciobanu, C. V.; Thayer, T. P.] Colorado Sch Mines, Div Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Wang, G. T.; Creighton, J. R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Sci Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Purushotham, K. P.] NIST, Div Precis Engn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bendersky, L. A.] NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stan, G (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gheorghe.stan@nist.gov; cciobanu@mines.edu RI Ciobanu, Cristian/B-3580-2009; Wang, George/C-9401-2009 OI Wang, George/0000-0001-9007-0173 FU DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Sandia's Laboratory Directed Research and Development program; Sandia Corporation; Lockheed Martin Company; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94A185000] FX G T Wang acknowledges support from the DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences and Sandia's Laboratory Directed Research and Development program. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract No. DE-AC04-94A185000. NR 36 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 22 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD JAN PY 2009 VL 20 IS 3 AR 035706 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/20/3/035706 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 385EF UT WOS:000261795500022 PM 19417308 ER PT S AU Sung, LP Comer, J Forster, AM Hu, HQ Floryancic, B Brickweg, L Fernando, RH AF Sung, Li-Piin Comer, Jeffrey Forster, Aaron M. Hu, Haiqing Floryancic, Bryce Brickweg, Lucas Fernando, Raymond H. BE Fernando, RH Sung, LP TI Impact of Nanoparticles on the Scratch Behavior of a Polyurethane Coating SO NANOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS IN COATINGS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INSTRUMENTED INDENTATION; POLYMER-COATINGS; RESISTANCE AB In this paper, we report a quantitative study of the effect of nanoparticles (nano-alumina and nano-silica) on the surface mechanical properties and scratch behavior of a polyurethane coating. An instrumented indenter with a conical diamond tip is used to measure surface mechanical properties (modulus and hardness) and to perform scratch test over a wide range of scratch loads. The scratch behavior in terms of the onset of elastic plastic transition and scratch morphology were characterized by laser scanning confocal microscopy. The scratch results were correlated to the surface mechanical properties and relevant bulk material properties to understand the overall scratch behavior of the coatings. The results indicate that the scratch behavior of the coatings depends strongly on the concentration and type of nanoparticles. C1 [Sung, Li-Piin; Comer, Jeffrey; Forster, Aaron M.; Hu, Haiqing] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Polymer Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Comer, Jeffrey; Floryancic, Bryce; Brickweg, Lucas; Fernando, Raymond H.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Chem & Biochem, Polymers & Coatings Program, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. RP Sung, LP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Polymer Mat Grp, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-7448-8 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2009 VL 1008 BP 232 EP + D2 10.1021/bk-2009-1008 PG 24 WC Chemistry, Applied; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BOU37 UT WOS:000277626100012 ER PT S AU Forster, AM Watson, S White, J AF Forster, Aaron M. Watson, Stephanie White, Jonathan BE Fernando, RH Sung, LP TI Elastic Modulus Characterization of Nanocomposite Latex Coatings SO NANOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS IN COATINGS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; INSTRUMENTED INDENTATION; VISCOELASTIC CHARACTERIZATION; SENSING INDENTATION; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; PAINT FILMS; POLYMERS; NANOINDENTATION; LOAD; DURABILITY AB The elastic modulus of a polystyrene-butyl acrylate latex coating was measured using three different techniques: instrumented indentation, dynamic mechanical analysis, and tensile testing. The coating was formulated with 25 nm and 250 nm diameter TiO2 particles at three different pigment volume concentrations (PVC). Additional coatings were formulated with sol-gel created TiO2 and ZnO particles at 2.5 % PVC. Indentation consistently measured a higher modulus than DMA or tensile testing. All three metrologies agreed after the elastic modulus was normalized by the unfilled coating modulus. Nanoparticles produced less of an improvement in the elastic modulus than 250 nm particles at higher PVC. Existing theoretical models for normalized modulus were used to indirectly infer the particle dispersion in the samples. C1 [Forster, Aaron M.; Watson, Stephanie; White, Jonathan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Forster, AM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-7448-8 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2009 VL 1008 BP 274 EP 290 D2 10.1021/bk-2009-1008 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Applied; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BOU37 UT WOS:000277626100014 ER PT S AU Gu, XH Sung, LP Kidah, B Oudina, M Martin, D Rezig, A Stanley, D Jean, JYC Nguyen, T Martin, JW AF Gu, Xiaohong Sung, Li-Piin Kidah, Bouchra Oudina, Mounira Martin, David Rezig, Aziz Stanley, Debbie Jean, Jerry Y. C. Nguyen, Tinh Martin, Jonathan W. BE Fernando, RH Sung, LP TI Relating Gloss Loss to Nanoscale-Microscale Topographical Change for a Polymer Coating Exposed to UV Radiation SO NANOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS IN COATINGS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SURFACE-TOPOGRAPHY; DEGRADATION AB Surface topography and gloss are two important and highly related properties affecting the appearance of a coated surface. Upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, the surface roughness generally increases and, correspondingly, its gloss decreases. However, the surface factors affecting gloss are difficult to ascertain. In this paper, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) measurements of a polymer coating exposed to UV radiation have been performed, and the relationship between changes in surface roughness and gloss has been analyzed. The root mean square (RMS) roughness of the coating is related to nanoscale and microscale morphological changes in the surface of a coating as well as to gloss retention. A near-linear dependence of RMS roughness with the measurement length scale (L) is found on a double logarithmic scale, i.e., RMS similar to Lf. The scaling factor, f, decreases with exposure time. A general relationship between surface topography, on nano- to micro-scales, and gloss loss is observed. Future work on using optical scattering technique for appearance measurement will be discussed. C1 [Gu, Xiaohong; Sung, Li-Piin; Kidah, Bouchra; Oudina, Mounira; Martin, David; Rezig, Aziz; Stanley, Debbie; Nguyen, Tinh; Martin, Jonathan W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jean, Jerry Y. C.] Univ Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. RP Gu, XH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-7448-8 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2009 VL 1008 BP 328 EP 348 D2 10.1021/bk-2009-1008 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Applied; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BOU37 UT WOS:000277626100016 ER PT S AU Watson, SS Forster, A Tseng, IH Sung, LP AF Watson, Stephanie S. Forster, Amanda Tseng, I-Hsiang Sung, Li-Piin BE Fernando, RH Sung, LP TI Assesment of Spectrophotometric Assay Methods on Nanostructured Pigments SO NANOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS IN COATINGS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOL-GEL; PHOSPHORUS; TITANIA AB Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is used in building and construction applications as a pigment or filler for polymeric products to improve their appearance and mechanical properties. TiO2 pigments exhibit a wide range of photoreactivity including reactivities that would be detrimental to the service life of polymeric materials. The lack of a simple, inexpensive metrology for measuring photoreactivity has hindered innovation and acceptance of new pigments, especially nanostructured pigments. Spectrophotometric assays, which monitor specific reactions within the photoreactivity mechanism, show promise as a reliable diagnostic method for ranking pigment reactivity and for understanding variations in the photoreactivity mechanisms in TiO2. In this study, spectrophotometric assays were investigated on an array of TiO2 pigments of different crystal phases, particle sizes, and metal oxide encapsulants as a function of assay experimental parameters, such as buffer composition and buffer pH. Assays include the reduction of methyl viologen, in which electron production from the TiO2 particles is measured, and the oxidation of leuco-crystal violet with horseradish peroxidase to measure the production of peroxide, a common reaction product in the photoreactivity mechanism. Light scattering measurements were used to follow TiO2 particle flocculation in the assays upon changing experimental conditions of assay matrix to determine pigment cluster size and to ascertain the contribution that pigment clusters have on pigment photoreactivity. C1 [Watson, Stephanie S.; Forster, Amanda; Tseng, I-Hsiang; Sung, Li-Piin] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Polymer Mat Grp, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Watson, SS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Polymer Mat Grp, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Forster, Amanda/0000-0001-7397-4429 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-7448-8 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2009 VL 1008 BP 349 EP 372 D2 10.1021/bk-2009-1008 PG 24 WC Chemistry, Applied; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BOU37 UT WOS:000277626100017 ER PT B AU Shao, GD AF Shao, Guodong BE Beldjehem, M TI System Testing Using Use Cases for an Emergency Room Simulation Model SO NASTEC 2009: 2ND INTERNATIONAL NORTH AMERICAN SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Int N American Simulation Technol Conference on Soft Computing, Simulation and Software Engineering CY AUG 26-28, 2009 CL European Technol Inst, Atlanta, GA SP Univ St Anne, EUROSIS, Georgia Tech, Ghent Univ, Georgia Tech Global Learning Ctr HO European Technol Inst DE Modeling and Simulation; System Testing; Use Case AB Modeling and simulation (M&S) techniques are increasingly being used to solve problems and aid decision making in many different fields. It is particularly useful for Department of Homeland Security (DHS) applications because of its feature of non-destructive and non-invasive method of observing a system. Results of simulations are expected to provide reliable information for decision makers, but potential errors may be introduced in the M&S development lifecycle. It is critical to make sure to build the right model and that the model is built right. This paper identified the needs of system testing using specifications for M&S applications for DHS applications and providing a novel approach of Verification, Validation and Testing (VV&T) for DHS M&S community. System testing is an effective methodology that can help to ensure the functionality of a software system. It can also be applied to M&S applications. Use cases are usually used to specify requirements of a simulation system. The collection of use cases can cover the complete functionality of the simulation system and provide information necessary to generate test cases for system testing. Since use cases are associated with the front end of the M&S development lifecycle, testing can get started much earlier in the lifecycle, allowing simulation developers to identify and fix defects that would be very costly if found in the later stages. As an example application, a hospital emergency room (ER) simulation model was introduced. Use cases for the ER model were developed. Functional system test requirements and testing criteria of the ER model were discussed. Based on the coverage criteria, activity diagrams associated with the use case are created to capture scenarios and allow the specification of use case to be tested. C1 NIST, Mfg Simulat & Modeling Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Shao, GD (reprint author), NIST, Mfg Simulat & Modeling Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gshao@nist.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU EUROSIS PI GHENT PA GHENT UNIV, COUPURE LINKS 653, GHENT, B-9000, BELGIUM BN 978-9-07738-150-2 PY 2009 BP 35 EP 41 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BPV93 UT WOS:000280114400005 ER PT J AU Houston, TG Changnon, SA AF Houston, Tamara G. Changnon, Stanley A. TI Characteristics of the top ten snowstorms at First-Order Stations in the US SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Snow; Snowstorms; Snowfall; Concurrent weather conditions ID CONTIGUOUS UNITED-STATES; CLIMATOLOGY; SNOWFALL; EVENTS AB Snowstorms can produce varying degrees of damage depending on the amount and intensity of the snowfall over a given amount of time. Concurrent weather conditions such as freezing rain and high winds often exacerbate the amount of damage received. In order to assess the frequency of potentially damaging conditions during climatologically significant snowstorms, the top ten snowstorms (TTS) at individual First-Order Stations in the eastern two-thirds of the conterminous U.S. were determined, and the hourly weather conditions during each event were analyzed. The results show that TTS have occurred as early as September and as late as June, with January being the peak month of occurrence. Hourly precipitation totals during TTS were 2.3 mm or less 88% of the time. Seven percent of TTS were classified as a blizzard with over half of the blizzards occurring in the West North Central region. The most common concurrent weather condition during a TTS was fog followed by blowing snow. Regionally, heavy snow events in the Northeast had relatively higher precipitation amounts, colder temperatures, higher winds, and more fog and blowing snow than any other region. C1 [Houston, Tamara G.] NOAAs Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Houston, TG (reprint author), NOAAs Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM Tamara.Houston@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Climate Change Enhanced Data Set Project [NA16GP1585]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research, U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AI02-96ER62276] FX The authors would like to thank Imke Durre and Mike Squires of NCDC and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions. Portions of this research were funded by a grant from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), as part of the Climate Change Enhanced Data Set Project, under Grant No. NA16GP1585 as well as by a grant from the Office of Biological and Environmental Research, U. S. Department of Energy, under Grant No. DE-AI02-96ER62276. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD JAN PY 2009 VL 48 IS 1 BP 101 EP 113 DI 10.1007/s11069-008-9251-5 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 383EA UT WOS:000261655700008 ER PT J AU Kirschbaum, DB Adler, R Hong, Y Lerner-Lam, A AF Kirschbaum, D. B. Adler, R. Hong, Y. Lerner-Lam, A. TI Evaluation of a preliminary satellite-based landslide hazard algorithm using global landslide inventories SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID DEBRIS FLOWS; SHALLOW LANDSLIDES; RAINFALL INTENSITY; DURATION CONTROL; CENTRAL NEPAL; HONG-KONG; SUSCEPTIBILITY; GIS; PRODUCTS; MONSOON AB Most landslide hazard assessment algorithms in common use are applied to small regions, where high-resolution, in situ, observables are available. A preliminary global landslide hazard algorithm has been developed to estimate areas of potential landslide occurrence in near real-time by combining a calculation of landslide susceptibility with satellite derived rainfall estimates to forecast areas with increased potential for landslide conditions. This paper presents a stochastic methodology to compare this new, landslide hazard algorithm for rainfall-triggered landslides with a newly available inventory of global landslide events, in order to determine the predictive skill and limitations of such a global estimation technique. Additionally, we test the sensitivity of the global algorithm to its input observables, including precipitation, topography, land cover and soil variables. Our analysis indicates that the current algorithm is limited by issues related to both the surface-based susceptibility map and the temporal resolution of rainfall information, but shows skill in determining general geographic and seasonal distributions of landslides. We find that the global susceptibility model has inadequate performance in certain locations, due to improper weighting of surface observables in the susceptibility map. This suggests that the relative contributions of topographic slope and soil conditions to landslide susceptibility must be considered regionally. The current, initial forecast system, although showing some overall skill, must be improved considerably if it is to be used for hazard warning or detailed studies. Surface and remote sensing observations at higher spatial resolution, together with improved landslide event catalogues, are required if global landslide hazard forecasts are to become an operational reality. C1 [Kirschbaum, D. B.; Lerner-Lam, A.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Kirschbaum, D. B.; Lerner-Lam, A.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Palisades, NY USA. [Kirschbaum, D. B.; Adler, R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Adler, R.] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hong, Y.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Kirschbaum, DB (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM dbach@ldeo.columbia.edu RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Kirschbaum, Dalia/F-9596-2012; Namikawa, Laercio/C-5559-2013 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Namikawa, Laercio/0000-0001-7847-1804 FU NASA [NNG05GN31H]; Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University FX The authors would like to thank Stephanie Hill and Lynne Shupp for their help in preparing the landslide inventory database. This research was supported by a grant from NASA Applied Sciences program, NASA Graduate Fellowship ( Grant NNG05GN31H) and by the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University. NR 40 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 23 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 1561-8633 J9 NAT HAZARD EARTH SYS JI Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2009 VL 9 IS 3 BP 673 EP 686 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 464XP UT WOS:000267543300003 ER PT J AU Godin, OA Irisov, VG Leben, RR Hamlington, BD Wick, GA AF Godin, O. A. Irisov, V. G. Leben, R. R. Hamlington, B. D. Wick, G. A. TI Variations in sea surface roughness induced by the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman tsunami SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID INDIAN-OCEAN TSUNAMI; SATELLITE ALTIMETRY; DECEMBER 26; WAVES; MODULATION; EARTHQUAKE; MODEL; SPEED; MANIFESTATIONS; BACKSCATTER AB Observations of tsunamis away from shore are critically important for improving early warning systems and understanding of tsunami generation and propagation. Tsunamis are difficult to detect and measure in the open ocean because the wave amplitude there is much smaller than it is close to shore. Currently, tsunami observations in deep water rely on measurements of variations in the sea surface height or bottom pressure. Here we demonstrate that there exists a different observable, specifically, ocean surface roughness, which can be used to reveal tsunamis away from shore. The first detailed measurements of the tsunami effect on sea surface height and radar backscattering strength in the open ocean were obtained from satellite altimeters during passage of the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman tsunami. Through statistical analyses of satellite altimeter observations, we show that the Sumatra-Andaman tsunami effected distinct, detectable changes in sea surface roughness. The magnitude and spatial structure of the observed variations in radar backscattering strength are consistent with hydrodynamic models predicting variations in the near-surface wind across the tsunami wave front. Tsunami-induced changes in sea surface roughness can be potentially used for early tsunami detection by orbiting microwave radars and radiometers, which have broad surface coverage across the satellite ground track. C1 [Godin, O. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Godin, O. A.; Irisov, V. G.; Wick, G. A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Irisov, V. G.] ZelTechnol LLC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Leben, R. R.; Hamlington, B. D.] Univ Colorado, Colorado Ctr Astrodynam Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Godin, OA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM oleg.godin@noaa.gov RI Godin, Oleg/E-6554-2011; Leben, Robert/F-3792-2010 OI Godin, Oleg/0000-0003-4599-2149; Leben, Robert/0000-0003-1067-9515 FU US Navy [N06-T002]; NASA Ocean Surface Topography Mission Science Team [NNX08AR60G, NNX08AR48G] FX This work was supported, in part, by the US Navy under STTR contract N06-T002 and by NASA Ocean Surface Topography Mission Science Team grants NNX08AR60G and NNX08AR48G. The authors thank P. J. Cefola, S. F. Clifford (deceased), E. A. Godin, S. F. Dotsenko, A. J. Gasiewski, D. L. Jackson, E. W. Leuliette, R. S. Nerem, D. R. Palmer, S. V. Stanichny, V. V. Titov, Y. I. Troitskaya, and D. A. Walker for discussions. NR 49 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 1561-8633 J9 NAT HAZARD EARTH SYS JI Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2009 VL 9 IS 4 BP 1135 EP 1147 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 489FP UT WOS:000269405800008 ER PT J AU Kelly, D Kantor, PB Morse, EL Scholtz, J Sun, Y AF Kelly, D. Kantor, P. B. Morse, E. L. Scholtz, J. Sun, Y. TI Questionnaires for eliciting evaluation data from users of interactive question answering systems SO NATURAL LANGUAGE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID MODEL AB Evaluating interactive question answering (QA) systems with real users can be challenging because traditional evaluation measures based on the relevance of items returned are difficult to employ since relevance judgments can be unstable in multi-user evaluations. The work reported in this paper evaluates, in distinguishing among a set of interactive QA systems, the effectiveness of three questionnaires: a Cognitive Workload Questionnaire (NASA TLX), and Task and System Questionnaires customized to a specific interactive QA application. These Questionnaires were evaluated with four systems, seven analysts, and eight scenarios during a 2-week workshop. Overall, results demonstrate that all three Questionnaires are effective at distinguishing among systems, with the Task Questionnaire being the most sensitive. Results also provide initial support for the validity and reliability of the Questionnaires. C1 [Kelly, D.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Kantor, P. B.] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Morse, E. L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Scholtz, J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Sun, Y.] SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Kelly, D (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM dianek@email.unc.edu; kantor@scils.rutgers.edu; emile.morse@nist.gov; jean.scholtz@pnl.gov; sun3@buffalo.edu NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1351-3249 J9 NAT LANG ENG JI Nat. Lang. Eng. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 15 BP 119 EP 141 DI 10.1017/S1351324908004932 PN 1 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Linguistics; Language & Linguistics SC Computer Science; Linguistics GA 604JA UT WOS:000278274100007 ER PT J AU Engel, A Mobius, T Bonisch, H Schmidt, U Heinz, R Levin, I Atlas, E Aoki, S Nakazawa, T Sugawara, S Moore, F Hurst, D Elkins, J Schauffler, S Andrews, A Boering, K AF Engel, A. Moebius, T. Boenisch, H. Schmidt, U. Heinz, R. Levin, I. Atlas, E. Aoki, S. Nakazawa, T. Sugawara, S. Moore, F. Hurst, D. Elkins, J. Schauffler, S. Andrews, A. Boering, K. TI Age of stratospheric air unchanged within uncertainties over the past 30 years SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; WATER-VAPOR; MEAN AGES; TRANSPORT; CLIMATE; MODEL; CIRCULATION; SAMPLER; VORTEX; TRENDS AB The rising abundances of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is associated with an increase in radiative forcing that leads to warming of the troposphere, the lower portion of the Earth's atmosphere, and cooling of the stratosphere above(1). A secondary effect of increasing levels of greenhouse gases is a possible change in the stratospheric circulation(2,3), which could significantly affect chlorofluorocarbon lifetimes(4), ozone levels(5,6) and the climate system more generally(7). Model simulations have shown that the mean age of stratospheric air(8) is a good indicator of the strength of the residual circulation(9), and that this mean age is expected to decrease with rising levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere(10). Here we use balloon-borne measurements of stratospheric trace gases over the past 30 years to derive the mean age of air from sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) and CO2 mixing ratios. In contrast to the models, these observations do not show a decrease in mean age with time. If models are to make valid predictions of future stratospheric ozone levels, and of the coupling between ozone and climate change, a correct description of stratospheric transport and possible changes in the transport pathways are necessary. C1 [Engel, A.; Moebius, T.; Boenisch, H.; Schmidt, U.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Atmospher & Environm Sci, D-60483 Frankfurt, Germany. [Heinz, R.; Levin, I.] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Umweltphys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Atlas, E.] Univ Miami, Div Marine & Atmospher Chem, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Aoki, S.; Nakazawa, T.] Tohoku Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Ocean Studies, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. [Sugawara, S.] Miyagi Univ Educ, Sendai, Miyagi 9800845, Japan. [Moore, F.; Hurst, D.; Elkins, J.; Andrews, A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Schauffler, S.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Boering, K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Boering, K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Moore, F.; Hurst, D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Engel, A (reprint author), Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Atmospher & Environm Sci, D-60483 Frankfurt, Germany. EM an.engel@iau.uni-frankfurt.de RI Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; Hurst, Dale/D-1554-2016; Engel, Andreas/E-3100-2014 OI Hurst, Dale/0000-0002-6315-2322; Engel, Andreas/0000-0003-0557-3935 NR 29 TC 114 Z9 118 U1 3 U2 32 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 2 IS 1 BP 28 EP 31 DI 10.1038/NGEO388 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 397CB UT WOS:000262638500016 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, K AF Srinivasan, Kartik TI An out-of-plane experience SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT News Item ID MICRODISK LASERS C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Srinivasan, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kartik.srinivasan@nist.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 EI 1749-4893 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD JAN PY 2009 VL 3 IS 1 BP 15 EP 16 DI 10.1038/nphoton.2008.258 PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 393SZ UT WOS:000262394500009 ER PT B AU Arif, M Hussey, DS Jacobson, DL AF Arif, M. Hussey, D. S. Jacobson, D. L. BE Anderson, IS McGreevy, RL Bilheux, HZ TI Neutron Imaging for the Hydrogen Economy SO NEUTRON IMAGING AND APPLICATIONS: A REFERENCE FOR THE IMAGING COMMUNITY SE Neutron Scattering Applications and Techniques LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Fuel cell; PEM; Hydrogen storage; Water dynamics ID PRODUCE 20 K; LIQUID-WATER; FUEL-CELLS AB The development of fuel cells and hydrogen storage materials will be one of the highest global research and development priorities for the foreseeable future. The particular abilities of neutrons to penetrate materials and to image hydrogen will make neutron imaging a key technique, allowing the in-situ study of real operational devices. This chapter describes the current state of the art in this field. C1 [Arif, M.; Hussey, D. S.; Jacobson, D. L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Arif, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,MS 6100, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM muhammed.arif@nist.gov NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-78692-6 J9 NEUTRON SCATT APPL T PY 2009 BP 191 EP 207 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-78693-3_11 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-78693-3 PG 17 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BKF97 UT WOS:000267992900012 ER PT B AU Lorenz, VO Cundiff, ST AF Lorenz, V. O. Cundiff, S. T. BE Drampyan, R TI TIME-DOMAIN NONLINEAR OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY OF DENSE ATOMIC VAPORS SO NEW TRENDS IN QUANTUM COHERENCE AND NONLINEAR OPTICS SE Horizons in World Physics Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PHOTON-ECHO MEASUREMENTS; NON-MARKOVIAN DYNAMICS; SOLVATION DYNAMICS; RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES; SOLVENT DYNAMICS; RESONANCE LINES; POTASSIUM VAPOR; PEAK SHIFT; WATER; APPROXIMATION AB Time-domain experiments are ideal for studies of fast dynamics because the fastest dynamics dominate at short times and with high signal-to-noise ratio. Applying techniques of nonlinear optical spectroscopy in the time domain can separate short timescales from long ones, providing a different perspective from frequency-domain studies of optical lineshapes. We discuss two- and three-pulse transient four-wave mixing techniques and present results from experimental studies of collisional dynamics in dense atomic vapors. Dense alkali vapors are interesting for their many-body interactions but have proven difficult to study because of technical limitations. We present a method of fabricating high-temperature, high-density alkali vapor cells for spectroscopy experiments. C1 [Lorenz, V. O.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lorenz, V. O.; Cundiff, S. T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lorenz, V. O.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Lorenz, VO (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197 NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60741-025-6 J9 HORIZ WORLD PHYS SER PY 2009 VL 263 BP 123 EP 148 PG 26 WC Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Optics; Physics GA BPD29 UT WOS:000278554900004 ER PT J AU Love, JW Chigbu, P May, EB AF Love, Joseph W. Chigbu, Paulinus May, Eric B. TI Environmental Variability Affects Distributions of Coastal Fish Species (Maryland) SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID CROAKER MICROPOGONIAS-UNDULATUS; ASSEMBLAGE STRUCTURE; EAST-COAST; MARINE; STREAM; DIVERSITY; ESTUARIES; ABUNDANCE; FISHERIES; SEAGRASS AB We determined how environmental variability affected distributions of seasonally recruiting fishes (i.e., transient species) in coastal lagoons of Maryland from May-October during 1996, 1997, and 1999. A total of 241 monthly sampling events were conducted in the coastal lagoons at 40 sampling stations. Fluctuations in salinity resulting from variation in stream discharge were negatively correlated with intra-annual stability of fish assemblages. Transient, or non-resident species (e.g., recruiting species), were more frequent in habitats where salinity was less variable. When stream discharge lessened during dry years, transient species were more common throughout the coastal lagoons. Thus, environmental variability influenced distributions of young-of-year fishes in coastal estuaries. C1 [Love, Joseph W.; Chigbu, Paulinus; May, Eric B.] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, NOAA, Dept Nat Sci, Living Marine Resources Cooperat Sci Ctr, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. RP Love, JW (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, NOAA, Dept Nat Sci, Living Marine Resources Cooperat Sci Ctr, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. EM jlove@umes.edu FU Maryland Department of Natural Resources; NOAA Living Marine Resources Cooperative Science Center [NA06OAR4810163] FX We gratefully acknowledge the efforts of Dr. Joseph Margraf and Mr. Ward Slacum in collecting and identifying species collected during this project. This research was funded by the Coastal Zone Management Program of the Maryland Department of Natural Resources, and in part by the NOAA Living Marine Resources Cooperative Science Center through the NOAA Environmental Partnership Program (grant #NA06OAR4810163). NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PY 2009 VL 16 IS 2 BP 255 EP 268 DI 10.1656/045.016.0207 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 468AK UT WOS:000267785300007 ER EF