FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU DOUGHERTY, BP THOMAS, WC AF DOUGHERTY, BP THOMAS, WC TI THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTY MEASUREMENTS USING AN ENCAPSULATED BEAD THERMISTOR - APPLICATIONS TO LIQUIDS AND INSULATION MATERIALS SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID SELF-HEATED THERMISTORS; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; DIFFUSIVITY AB A technique for simultaneously measuring thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity was evaluated for applications with insulation materials and liquids. The thermophysical properties are determined from a single, transient measurement. The measurement apparatus employs an encapsulated bead thermistor as the sensing probe. The results from using a glass-encapsulated and a teflon-encapsulated bead thermistor are described. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT MECH ENGN,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP DOUGHERTY, BP (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BLDG ENVIRONM,HEAT TRANSFER GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0199-6231 J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME PD FEB PY 1992 VL 114 IS 1 BP 23 EP 31 DI 10.1115/1.2929977 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA HP748 UT WOS:A1992HP74800003 ER PT J AU ALI, MA KIM, YK AF ALI, MA KIM, YK TI IMPROVED CALCULATION OF FINE-STRUCTURE SPLITTINGS IN THE GROUND-STATE OF POTASSIUM-LIKE IONS SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-LEVEL SCHEME; TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; CONFIGURATION; TOKAMAK; TERMS; WAVELENGTHS; MOLYBDENUM; SPECTRA; PROGRAM AB The fine-structure splitting between the 3p(6)3d 2D(J), J = 3/2 and J = 5/2 levels of K-like ions, Ti3+ to U73+, are calculated by means of Dirac-Fock single-configuration and multiconfiguration wave functions. The multiconfiguration calculation includes jj configurations arising from some selected nonrelativistic configurations in the M-shell Coulomb complex; these include all the Dirac-Fock configurations with the principal quantum number n = 3, which are degenerate in the pure jj coupling limit for infinite nuclear charge Z, along with other configurations such that the calculated energy is correct to order Z2 and Z asymptotically. The difference between known experimental and calculated multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock fine-structure splittings is almost independent of Z, thus allowing us to predict unknown values reliably. From this plot and a comparison of theoretical and experimental results we conclude that the observed fine-structure splitting of Ag28+ [J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 2, 1661 (1985)] is too small. We present splittings in high-Z K-like ions for which experimental values are unknown. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP ALI, MA (reprint author), HOWARD UNIV,DEPT CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20059, USA. NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 9 IS 2 BP 185 EP 190 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.9.000185 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA HC606 UT WOS:A1992HC60600001 ER PT J AU EDWARDS, SF AF EDWARDS, SF TI RETHINKING EXISTENCE VALUES SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article RP EDWARDS, SF (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES CTR,DOC,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PI MADISON PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 SN 0023-7639 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 68 IS 1 BP 120 EP 122 DI 10.2307/3146749 PG 3 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HD580 UT WOS:A1992HD58000012 ER PT J AU PATTERSON, GW GLADU, PK WIKFORS, GH LUSBY, WR AF PATTERSON, GW GLADU, PK WIKFORS, GH LUSBY, WR TI UNUSUAL TETRAENE STEROLS IN SOME PHYTOPLANKTON SO LIPIDS LA English DT Note ID CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; LIPID-COMPOSITION; CUCUMIS-SATIVUS; (24R)-14-ALPHA-METHYL-24-ETHYL-5-ALPHA-CHOLEST-9(11)-EN-3-BETA-OL; 14-ALPHA-METHYLSTEROL; OYSTER; GROWTH; MARINE; ALGA AB Sterols were analyzed from four phytoplankton strains which are under investigation as possible sources of food for oysters in culture. One strain of Pyramimonas contained only 24-methylenecholesterol as a major sterol component. Pyramimonas grossii, Chlorella autotrophica and Dunaliella tertiolecta each contained a complex mixture of C28 and C29 sterols with DELTA 7, DELTA 5,7 and DELTA 5,7,9(11) nuclear double bond systems. Sterols were found both with and without the C-22 side chain double bond. Ergosterol and 7-dehydroporiferasterol were the principal sterols in each of the latter three species, which also contained the rare tetraene sterols, 24-methylcholesta-5,7,9(11),22-tetraen-3-beta-ol and 24-ethylcholesta-5,7,9(11),22-tetraen-3-beta-ol. C1 LINDSEY WILSON COLL,DEPT BIOL,COLUMBIA,KY 42728. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES CTR,MILFORD,CT 06460. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP PATTERSON, GW (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD FEB PY 1992 VL 27 IS 2 BP 154 EP 156 DI 10.1007/BF02535817 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA HD824 UT WOS:A1992HD82400013 ER PT J AU EMBLEY, RW WILSON, DS AF EMBLEY, RW WILSON, DS TI MORPHOLOGY OF THE BLANCO TRANSFORM-FAULT ZONE-NE PACIFIC - IMPLICATIONS FOR ITS TECTONIC EVOLUTION SO MARINE GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCHES LA English DT Article DE BLANCO TRANSFORM FAULT ZONE; TRANSFORM FAULT ZONE; PULL-APART BASIN; PROPAGATING RIFT; JUAN DE FUCA ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; DE-FUCA RIDGE; PULL-APART BASINS; FRACTURE-ZONE; SEA BEAM; SPREADING CENTERS; PROPAGATING RIFT; PLATE BOUNDARY; EAST PACIFIC; OCEANOGRAPHER TRANSFORM AB The right-lateral Blanco Transform Fault Zone (BTFZ) offsets the Gorda and the Juan de Fuca Ridges along a 350 km long complex zone of ridges and right-stepping depressions. The overall geometry of the BTFZ is similar to several other oceanic transform fault zones located along the East Pacific Rise (e.g., Siquieros) and to divergent wrench faults on continents; i.e., long strike-slip master faults offset by extensional basins. These depressions have formed over the past 5 Ma as the result of continual reorientation of the BTFZ in response to changes in plate motion. The central depression (Cascadia Depression) is flanked by symmetrically distributed, inward-facing back-tilted fault blocks. It is probably a short seafloor spreading center that has been operating since about 5 Ma, when a southward propagating rift failed to 'kill' the last remnant of a ridge segment. The Gorda Depression on the eastern end of the BTFZ may have initially formed as the result of a similar occurrence involving a northward propagating rift on the Gorda ridge system. Several of the smaller basins (East Blanco, Surveyor and Gorda) morphologically appear to be oceanic analogues of continental pull-apart basins. This would imply diffuse extension rather than the discrete neovolcanic zone associated with a typical seafloor spreading center. The basins along the western half of the BTFZ have probably formed within the last few hundred thousands years, possibly as the result of a minor change in the Juan de Fuca/Pacific relative motion. C1 UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,DEPT GEOL SCI,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106. RP EMBLEY, RW (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,NOAA,HATFIELD MARINE SCI CTR,MRRD,NEWPORT,OR 97365, USA. RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611 NR 78 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3235 J9 MAR GEOPHYS RES JI Mar. Geophys. Res. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 14 IS 1 BP 25 EP & DI 10.1007/BF01674064 PG 0 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography GA HN713 UT WOS:A1992HN71300002 ER PT J AU BENTZ, DP MARTIN, JW AF BENTZ, DP MARTIN, JW TI THERMOGRAPHIC IMAGING OF SURFACE FINISH DEFECTS IN COATINGS ON METAL SUBSTRATES SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE AUTOMOTIVE; COATING SYSTEM; DEFECT; INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY; METAL SUBSTRATE; NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION; SURFACE FINISH; THERMAL EMISSION AB A technique for detecting and quantifying coating surface defects is presented. The technique is based on heating the coating system slightly above ambient temperature and viewing it with an infrared thermography camera attached to a computer image processor. Surface finish defects are visible in the resultant thermographic image due to coating thickness variations between the defect and nondefect areas. These thickness variations influence the thermal radiation emission/reflection/transmission properties of the coating system detected by the thermographic camera. The theory for a model coating system is presented and several application areas explored. Theoretical limitations on the use of this technique are discussed. RP BENTZ, DP (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG 226,RM B-348,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 50 IS 2 BP 242 EP & PG 0 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA HE487 UT WOS:A1992HE48700008 ER PT J AU ROSSITER, WJ ROBERTS, WE STREICHER, MA AF ROSSITER, WJ ROBERTS, WE STREICHER, MA TI CORROSION OF METALLIC FASTENERS IN LOW-SLOPED ROOFS SO MATERIALS PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article AB The extent and causes of corrosion of carbon and stainless steel fasteners were surveyed by means of questionnaires distributed to installers, manufacturers of roofing materials and fasteners, and roofing consultants. Conclusions of this survey were used to determine causes of corrosion and define future needs for monitoring the problem, research needed for development of more corrosion-resistant fasteners, and the requirement for accelerated corrosion and abrasion tests. RP ROSSITER, WJ (reprint author), NBS,US DEPT COMMERCE,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ASSN CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 SN 0094-1492 J9 MATER PERFORMANCE JI Mater. Perform. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 31 IS 2 BP 62 EP 65 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA HF028 UT WOS:A1992HF02800018 ER PT J AU GANDIN, LS MURPHY, AH AF GANDIN, LS MURPHY, AH TI EQUITABLE SKILL SCORES FOR CATEGORICAL FORECASTS SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article AB Many skill scores used to evaluate categorical forecasts of discrete variables are inequitable, in the sense that constant forecasts of some events lead to better scores than constant forecasts of other events. Inequitable skill scores may encourage forecasters by favor some events at the expense of other events, thereby producing forecasts that exhibit systematic biases or other undesirable characteristics. This paper describes a method of formulating equitable skill scores for categorical forecasts of nominal and ordinal variables. Equitable skill scores are based on scoring matrices, which assign scores to the various combinations of forecast and observed events. The basic tenets of equitability require that (i) all constant forecasts - and random forecasts - receive the same expected score, and (ii) the elements of scoring matrices do not depend on the elements of performance matrices. Scoring matrices are assumed here to be symmetric and to possess other reasonable properties related to the nature of the underlying variable. To scale the elements of scoring matrices, the expected scores for constant and random forecasts are set equal to zero and the expected score for perfect forecasts is set equal to one. Taken together, these conditions are necessary but generally not sufficient to determine uniquely the elements of a scoring matrix. To obtain a unique scoring matrix, additional conditions must be imposed or some scores must be specified a priori. Equitable skill scores are illustrated here by considering specific situations as well as numerical examples. These skill scores possess several desirable properties: (i) The score assigned to a correct forecast of an event increases as the climatological probability of the event decreases and (ii) scoring matrices in n + 1-event and n-event situations may be made consistent, in the sense that the former approaches the latter as the climatological probability of one of the events approaches zero. Several possible extensions and applications of this method are discussed. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,NATL METEOROL CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20233. NR 13 TC 119 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 120 IS 2 BP 361 EP 370 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<0361:ESSFCF>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HD080 UT WOS:A1992HD08000007 ER PT J AU WOOD, VT AF WOOD, VT TI WHIRLWIND FORMATION AT A BURNING OIL SUPERTANKER IN THE GULF OF MEXICO SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article RP WOOD, VT (reprint author), NOAA,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,ENVIRONM RES LABS,1313 HALLEY CIRCLE,NORMAN,OK 73069, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 120 IS 2 BP 371 EP 372 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<0371:WFAABO>2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HD080 UT WOS:A1992HD08000008 ER PT J AU BARRY, RG AF BARRY, RG TI MOUNTAIN CLIMATOLOGY AND PAST AND POTENTIAL FUTURE CLIMATIC CHANGES IN MOUNTAIN REGIONS - A REVIEW SO MOUNTAIN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Review ID QUELCCAYA ICE CAP; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; SPATIAL PATTERNS; UNITED-STATES; MASS-BALANCE; PRECIPITATION; RECONSTRUCTIONS; SIMULATION; ALTITUDE; RAINFALL AB Climatic knowledge of mountain regions is limited by paucity of observations and insufficient theoretical attention to processes within these regions. This review article discusses the basic controls of mountain climate and the scales of climatic features, and illustrates data availability in several mountainous regions. Areas where our understanding is incomplete include orographic precipitation, especially extreme events, pollutant transport and deposition, and effects of forest cover on evapotranspiration and runoff. Sources of evidence for past climatic conditions in mountain areas are surveyed and particular aspects of mountain-lowland climate differences during the last glacial maximum, the Little Ice Age, and the 100-year observational record are noted. Finally, analogue and modeling approaches to assessing potential future climatic states are discussed in the context of mountain areas. The significance of such states in terms of snow cover and snowmelt runoff is described. The survey concludes with a series of recommendations for necessary actions. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,WDC-A,NSIDC,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP BARRY, RG (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,DEPT GEOG,CAMPUS BOX 449,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. OI Barry, Roger/0000-0001-9239-0859 NR 121 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 15 PU UNIV CALIF PRESS PI BERKELEY PA JOURNALS DEPT 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 SN 0276-4741 J9 MT RES DEV JI Mt. Res. Dev. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 12 IS 1 BP 71 EP 86 DI 10.2307/3673749 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA HH595 UT WOS:A1992HH59500005 ER PT J AU STRAND, JA CULLINAN, VI CRECELIUS, EA FORTMAN, TJ CITTERMAN, RJ FLEISCHMANN, ML AF STRAND, JA CULLINAN, VI CRECELIUS, EA FORTMAN, TJ CITTERMAN, RJ FLEISCHMANN, ML TI FATE OF BUNKER-C FUEL-OIL IN WASHINGTON COASTAL HABITATS FOLLOWING THE DECEMBER 1988 NESTUCCA OIL-SPILL SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Following the December 1988-spill of 230,000 gallons of Bunker C fuel oil from the barge NESTUCCA, a year-long monitoring program was conducted to follow the fate of spilled oil in selected intertidal and shallow subtidal habitats of the Washington coast, including a 40-mile-long strip of Olympic National Park (ONP). Following clean-up, beach surveys were conducted in July and September 1989 and February 1990 at eight coastal sites inside ONP: four oiled areas, four oiled areas; and at four oiled sites (coastal and estuarine) outside ONP. The finding of only trace levels (63-250-mu-g/g dry weight by infrared spectrometry) of oil in surface (0-15 cm in depth) sediments associated with coastal sites 13 months after oiling suggested that depuration had occurred rapidly and that little oil residual remained. The essentially background levels (mostly < 45 ng/g dry weight by gas (chromatographic mass spectrometry) of aromatic hydrocarbons found in invertebrates associated with oiled sediments also suggested that most oil had been rapidly metabolized and depurated or was no longer biologically available. Factor contributing to these findings likely included: 1) the time of year when the spill occurred, 2) the type of beach or coastline affected, and 3) the timely and efficient clean-up. Most spilled oil (congealed before stranding due to cold air and water temperatures. The area of the coast most affected consisted of unprotected, high-energy, sand beaches and rock headlands, which self-cleanse rapidly. Finally, clean-up was immediate and congealed oil was easily removed from affected beaches. RP STRAND, JA (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,OFF OIL SPILL DAMAGE ASSESSMENT & RESTORAT,POB 210029,AUKE BAY,AK 99821, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645910, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 66 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HL200 UT WOS:A1992HL20000001 ER PT J AU CALHOUN, JM CESSNA, JT COURSEY, BM AF CALHOUN, JM CESSNA, JT COURSEY, BM TI A SYSTEM FOR INTERCOMPARING STANDARD SOLUTIONS OF BETA-PARTICLE EMITTING RADIONUCLIDES SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON RADIONUCLIDE METROLOGY AND ITS APPLICATIONS ( ICRM 91 ) CY MAY 27-29, 1991 CL MADRID, SPAIN SP INT COMM RADIONUCLIDE METROL ID EFFICIENCY AB A system for intercomparing standard solutions of pure beta-particle emitting radionuclides is described. The CIEMAT/NIST technique of beta-particle efficiency tracing is based on establishing a parameter in a simple calculational model, using a H-3 standard with comparable quenching. To produce a H-3-in-scintillator standard which is reasonably stable over the period of the measurements, we first standardized H-3-hexadecane solution by comparison with H-3-water standardized by gas counting. In the second phase of the work, the H-3-hexadecane solution was used to standardize C-14-hexadecane and Tc-99-tricaprylamine (TCA). Measurements were made under similar geometrical and quenching conditions for each radionuclide with a commercial scintillator and a conventional liquid-scintillation counter with two phototubes operating in coincidence. The technique was then tested at different sites in the area using a set of flame-sealed vials and state-of-the-art liquid-scintillation counters. Initial results for the Tc-99-TCA and the 1981 Tc-99, Standard Reference Material (SRM) 4288 show an agreement to within 0.30%. RP CALHOUN, JM (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV IONIZING RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 1992 VL 312 IS 1-2 BP 114 EP 120 DI 10.1016/0168-9002(92)90139-U PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA HD063 UT WOS:A1992HD06300024 ER PT J AU COURSEY, BM GOLAS, DB GRAY, DH HOPPES, DD SCHIMA, FJ AF COURSEY, BM GOLAS, DB GRAY, DH HOPPES, DD SCHIMA, FJ TI LIQUID-SCINTILLATION STANDARDIZATION OF TE-123M SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON RADIONUCLIDE METROLOGY AND ITS APPLICATIONS ( ICRM 91 ) CY MAY 27-29, 1991 CL MADRID, SPAIN SP INT COMM RADIONUCLIDE METROL AB A commercial liquid-scintillation system and calibrated germanium gamma-ray spectrometers were used to confirm the use of the 159-keV gamma ray of Te-123m as a primary efficiency calibrant for which the activity measurement is simple. The evaluated gamma-ray probability per decay is 0.840 +/- 0.004. Liquid-scintillation spectra confirm that conversion electrons greater than 50 keV can be detected in at least 99.5% of the decays. The half-life was measured as 119.2 +/- 0.1 days. RP COURSEY, BM (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD, USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 1992 VL 312 IS 1-2 BP 121 EP 123 DI 10.1016/0168-9002(92)90140-Y PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA HD063 UT WOS:A1992HD06300025 ER PT J AU COURSEY, BM GOODMAN, LJ HOPPES, DD LOEVINGER, R MCLAUGHLIN, WL SOARES, CG WEAVER, JT AF COURSEY, BM GOODMAN, LJ HOPPES, DD LOEVINGER, R MCLAUGHLIN, WL SOARES, CG WEAVER, JT TI THE NEEDS FOR BRACHYTHERAPY SOURCE CALIBRATIONS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON RADIONUCLIDE METROLOGY AND ITS APPLICATIONS ( ICRM 91 ) CY MAY 27-29, 1991 CL MADRID, SPAIN SP INT COMM RADIONUCLIDE METROL ID PHOTON BEAMS; I125 SEEDS; STANDARDIZATION; CHAMBERS; EXPOSURE AB Brachytherapy sources of beta and gamma radiation ("brachy" is from the Greek, meaning "near") have a long history of use in interstitial, intracavitary, intraluminal, and ocular radiation therapy. In the past the US national standards for these sources were often specified in activity or milligram radium equivalent. With the introduction of new radionuclide sources to replace radium, source strength calibrations are now expressed as air kerma rate at a meter. In this paper, we review the NIST standards for brachytherapy sources, list some of the common radionuclides and source encapsulations in use in the US radiology community, and describe the latest NIST work, in collaboration with several US medical institutions, on a method of two- and three-dimensional dose mapping of brachytherapy sources using radiochromic films. RP COURSEY, BM (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV IONIZING RADIAT,PHYS LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 1992 VL 312 IS 1-2 BP 246 EP 250 DI 10.1016/0168-9002(92)90163-X PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA HD063 UT WOS:A1992HD06300048 ER PT J AU UNTERWEGER, MP HOPPES, DD SCHIMA, FJ AF UNTERWEGER, MP HOPPES, DD SCHIMA, FJ TI NEW AND REVISED HALF-LIFE MEASUREMENTS RESULTS SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON RADIONUCLIDE METROLOGY AND ITS APPLICATIONS ( ICRM 91 ) CY MAY 27-29, 1991 CL MADRID, SPAIN SP INT COMM RADIONUCLIDE METROL AB The half-lives of many radionuclides have been measured in the Radioactivity Group of NIST over the last three decades. The results of these measurements for many long-lived radionuclides such as Co-60, Cs-137, Kr-85, Na-22, Ba-133, Bi-207, Eu-152, Eu-154, Eu-155, and Sb-125 have been recently revised. The results for the half-lives of the many radionuclides measured over the last three decades are tabulated. Comparisons with the recommended values from the International Atomic Energy Agency Coordinated Research Program (IAEA-CRP) are given for the long-lived radionuclides. RP UNTERWEGER, MP (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 4 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 1992 VL 312 IS 1-2 BP 349 EP 352 DI 10.1016/0168-9002(92)90180-C PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA HD063 UT WOS:A1992HD06300065 ER PT J AU SONI, KK WILLIAMS, DB CHABALA, JM LEVISETTI, R NEWBURY, DE AF SONI, KK WILLIAMS, DB CHABALA, JM LEVISETTI, R NEWBURY, DE TI ROLE OF 2ND-PHASE PARTICLES IN THE OXIDATION OF AL-LI ALLOYS SO OXIDATION OF METALS LA English DT Article DE ALUMINUM LITHIUM ALLOYS; OXIDATION; 2ND-PHASE PARTICLES; SECONDARY ION MASS SPECTROMETRY ID ALUMINUM-LITHIUM ALLOYS; THERMAL-OXIDATION; DEPLETION AB Oxidation behavior of Al-Li alloys, containing a high volume fraction of Fe-rich second-phase particles, was studied at 530-degrees-C and 200-degrees-C. Morphological studies showed enhanced growth of Li-rich oxides in the vicinity of the insoluble second-phase particles. Microanalytical depth profiling of the oxide layer with a high resolution scanning ion microprobe indicated rapid diffusion and subsequent oxidation of Li at the free surface. Examination of the alloy surface after removal of the oxide layer suggested that the initial oxide growth occurred in the lateral direction. Secondary ion image depth profiling of the alloy surface after oxide removal revealed Li segregation to the alloy/second-phase interface, supplying Li for accelerated oxidation. A microstructural model of the oxidation process in this case is presented. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CTR ANALYT CHEM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV CHICAGO,ENRICO FERMI INST,CHICAGO,IL 60637. UNIV CHICAGO,DEPT PHYS,CHICAGO,IL 60637. RP SONI, KK (reprint author), LEHIGH UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,BETHLEHEM,PA 18015, USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0030-770X J9 OXID MET JI Oxid. Met. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 37 IS 1-2 BP 23 EP 37 DI 10.1007/BF00665629 PG 15 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA HG145 UT WOS:A1992HG14500003 ER PT J AU MOONEY, T LINDROTH, E INDELICATO, P KESSLER, EG DESLATTES, RD AF MOONEY, T LINDROTH, E INDELICATO, P KESSLER, EG DESLATTES, RD TI PRECISION-MEASUREMENTS OF K-TRANSITIONS AND L-TRANSITIONS IN XENON - EXPERIMENT AND THEORY FOR THE K-LEVELS, L-LEVELS, AND M-LEVELS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MULTICONFIGURATIONAL DIRAC-FOCK; QED CORRECTIONS; AVOGADRO CONSTANT; BINDING-ENERGIES; 3-ELECTRON IONS; AUGER RATES; LAMB SHIFT; X-RAYS; ATOMS; REMEASUREMENT AB Wavelengths of xenon L-series x-ray lines were measured with high accuracy using a double flat-crystal vacuum spectrometer. Wavelengths of the more prominent xenon K-series lines which had been obtained previously are fully reported and corrected for recent scale changes. Energies of forbidden transitions, such as 1s-2s, have been determined from redundant combinations of K- and L-series measurements. Transition energies have been calculated relativistically including relaxation to all orders, correlation to second order, and QED effects. Agreement between experiment and theory is of the order of 0.1 eV, except for transitions involving 3s holes where it is 1 eV. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. CHALMERS UNIV TECHNOL,DEPT PHYS,S-41296 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. RI Indelicato, Paul/D-7636-2011; Lindroth, Eva/I-2715-2013 OI Indelicato, Paul/0000-0003-4668-8958; Lindroth, Eva/0000-0003-3444-1317 NR 55 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB 1 PY 1992 VL 45 IS 3 BP 1531 EP 1543 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.45.1531 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA HC995 UT WOS:A1992HC99500034 ER PT J AU JAIN, A NORCROSS, DW AF JAIN, A NORCROSS, DW TI SLOW-ELECTRON COLLISIONS WITH CO MOLECULES IN AN EXACT-EXCHANGE PLUS PARAMETER-FREE POLARIZATION MODEL SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING CROSS-SECTIONS; ADIABATIC-NUCLEI APPROXIMATION; ROTATIONAL-EXCITATION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; POLAR-MOLECULES; ABINITIO CALCULATIONS; ENERGY REGION; HCN MOLECULES; RESONANCE; CI AB We report low-energy (0.001-10-eV) electron-CO scattering cross sections obtained using an exact-exchange (via a separable-exchange formulation) plus a parameter-free correlation-polarization model in the fixed-nuclei approximation (FNA). The differential, total, and momentum-transfer cross sections are reported for rotationally elastic, inelastic, and summed processes. To remove the limitations of the FNA with respect to the convergence of total and differential cross sections, the multipole-extracted-adiabatic-nuclei approximation is used. The position and width of the well-known (2)PI shape-resonance structure in the cross section around 2 eV are reproduced quite well; however, some discrepancy between theory and experiment in the magnitude of the total cross section in the resonance region exists. We also present results for (2)PI shape-resonance parameters as a function of internuclear separation. Differential-cross-section results agree well with the measurements of Tanaka, Srivastava, and Chutjian [J. Chem. Phys. 69, 5329 (1978)] but are about a factor of 2 larger than the results obtained by Jung et al. [J. Phys. B 15, 3535 (1982)] in the vicinity of the (2)PI resonance. C1 UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP JAIN, A (reprint author), FLORIDA A&M UNIV,DEPT PHYS,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32307, USA. NR 82 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB 1 PY 1992 VL 45 IS 3 BP 1644 EP 1656 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.45.1644 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA HC995 UT WOS:A1992HC99500046 ER PT J AU MCKEOWN, DA AF MCKEOWN, DA TI X-RAY-ABSORPTION NEAR-EDGE STRUCTURE OF TRANSITION-METAL ZINCBLENDE SEMICONDUCTORS - CALCULATION VERSUS EXPERIMENTAL-DATA AND THE PRE-EDGE FEATURE SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CHALCOPYRITE; MINERALS; SPECTRA; SILICON; CUFES2; ALPHA AB X-ray-absorption near-edge structure (XANES) data were collected for Zn in sphalerite (ZnS), and for Cu and Fe in chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), where all three cations are in nearly identical coordination environments. The data have similar features, except near the edge, where the edge maximum decreases in amplitude, while a pre-edge feature appears and increases in amplitude from Zn to Cu to Fe. The pre-edge feature was previously assigned to a 1s-to-3d atomic transition for Cu and Fe in the chalcopyrite structure. XANES calculations were performed for all three edges. The multiple- and single-scattering contributions to the calculated edge spectra were scaled down to better fit the experimental data. The conclusions from the calculations indicate that the pre-edge feature in the experimental Cu- and Fe-edge data for chalcopyrite can be due to interference effects from the atomic structure surrounding the absorber, but cannot exclude the possibility that the pre-edge feature is due to atomic bound-state transitions of the absorber. RP MCKEOWN, DA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV SEMICOND ELECTR, BLDG 225, ROOM A305, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 16 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 1 PY 1992 VL 45 IS 6 BP 2648 EP 2653 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.45.2648 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA HD258 UT WOS:A1992HD25800006 ER PT J AU ROBINSON, RA LAWSON, AC LYNN, JW BUSCHOW, KHJ AF ROBINSON, RA LAWSON, AC LYNN, JW BUSCHOW, KHJ TI TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE OF MAGNETIC ORDER IN UPDSN SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB The intermetallic compound UPdSn has been studied by means of neutron powder diffraction on a two-axis spectrometer. At the lowest temperature, it is a noncollinear antiferromagnet with magnetic space group P(c)2(1), and a uranium magnetic moment of (2.05 +/- 0.04)mu(B), in agreement with previous work. The structure can be described in terms of the magnitude of the uranium magnetic moment mu and two independent canting angles theta and phi. phi is the angle between the magnetic moment and the c axis; theta is the angle between the in-plane component of the magnetic moment and the b axis. There is no detectable temperature hysteresis in the magnetic order. All three model parameters (mu, theta, and phi) vary continuously with temperature, and there is no evidence from our data of any sharp transitions below the Neel point of 43 +/- 2 K. The angle phi is almost constant over the whole temperature range, while the magnetic moment decreases continuously until it disappears just above 40 K. The angle theta-decreases continuously up to a temperature of about 35 K, where it appears to rise again. In the course of this work, we have also demonstrated the consistency of the results for magnetic systems, whether they are measured by the conventional reactor constant-wavelength technique or by the time-of-flight method on a pulsed spallation source. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. PHILIPS RES LABS,5600 JA EINDHOVEN,NETHERLANDS. RP ROBINSON, RA (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ALAMOS SCI LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 8 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 1 PY 1992 VL 45 IS 6 BP 2939 EP 2944 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.45.2939 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA HD258 UT WOS:A1992HD25800038 ER PT J AU GARINO, G SABER, M SEGEL, RE GEESAMAN, DF GILMAN, R GREEN, MC HOLT, RJ SCHIFFER, JP ZEIDMAN, B BEISE, EJ DODSON, GW HOIBRATEN, S PHAM, LD REDWINE, RP SAPP, WW WILLIAMSON, CF WOOD, SA CHANT, NS ROOS, PG SILK, JD DEADY, M MARUYAMA, XK AF GARINO, G SABER, M SEGEL, RE GEESAMAN, DF GILMAN, R GREEN, MC HOLT, RJ SCHIFFER, JP ZEIDMAN, B BEISE, EJ DODSON, GW HOIBRATEN, S PHAM, LD REDWINE, RP SAPP, WW WILLIAMSON, CF WOOD, SA CHANT, NS ROOS, PG SILK, JD DEADY, M MARUYAMA, XK TI PROTON PROPAGATION IN NUCLEI STUDIES IN THE (E,E'P) REACTION SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID MEAN FREE-PATH; ELASTIC ELECTRON-SCATTERING; E'P REACTIONS; KNOCKOUT; MATTER; RADIUS AB Proton propagation in nuclei was studied using the (e,e'p) reaction in the quasifree region. The coincidence (e,e'p) cross sections were measured at an electron angle of 50.4-degrees and proton angles of 50.1-degrees, 58.2-degrees, 67.9-degrees, and 72.9-degrees for C-12, Al-27, Ni-58, and Ta-181 targets at a beam energy of 779.5 MeV. The average outgoing proton energy was 180 MeV. The ratio of the (e,e'p) yield to the simultaneously measured (e,e') yield was compared to that calculated in the plane-wave impulse approximation and an experimental transmission defined. These experimental transmissions are considerably larger (a factor of approximately 2 for Ta-181) than those one would calculate from the free N-N cross sections folded into the nuclear density distribution. A new calculation that includes medium effects (N-N correlations, density dependence of the N-N cross sections and Pauli suppression) accounts for this increase. C1 NORTHWESTERN UNIV,EVANSTON,IL 60208. ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. MIT,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. UNIV MARYLAND,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. UNIV PENN,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. MT HOLYOKE COLL,S HADLEY,MA 01075. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Holt, Roy/E-5803-2011 NR 38 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD FEB PY 1992 VL 45 IS 2 BP 780 EP 790 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.45.780 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA HD257 UT WOS:A1992HD25700036 ER PT J AU HOFMANN, DJ FERGUSON, EE JOHNSTON, PV MATTHEWS, WA AF HOFMANN, DJ FERGUSON, EE JOHNSTON, PV MATTHEWS, WA TI TROPOSPHERIC OZONE VARIATIONS IN THE ARCTIC DURING JANUARY 1990 SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ACID AEROSOL FORMATION; BALLOON OBSERVATIONS; NITRIC-ACID; STRATOSPHERE AB Measurements of the vertical profile of ozone in the Arctic during January and early February in 1990 indicated episodes of near-complete ozone destruction beneath temperature inversions in the first few kilometers above the surface. Total column NO2 was found to correlate negatively with the ozone mixing ratio at 1 +/- 0.5 km altitude during most of the period. These results are investigated in terms of the expected chemistry and it is concluded that reaction of ozone with NO(x) pollutants, in the presence of limited sunlight, followed by heterogeneous processes involving NO3 can explain the ozone losses. These results suggest that tropospheric ozone depletion, in association with the "Arctic haze" phenomenon, may be a more prominent feature of the Arctic than previously apprecicated. C1 DSIR,PHYS SCI,LAUDER,NEW ZEALAND. RP HOFMANN, DJ (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD FEB-MAR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 2-3 BP 203 EP 210 DI 10.1016/0032-0633(92)90058-V PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA HL073 UT WOS:A1992HL07300004 ER PT J AU RICHTER, LJ CAVANAGH, RR AF RICHTER, LJ CAVANAGH, RR TI MECHANISTIC STUDIES OF PHOTOINDUCED REACTIONS AT SEMICONDUCTOR SURFACES SO PROGRESS IN SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID INDUCED THERMAL-DESORPTION; LASER-INDUCED DECOMPOSITION; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; TRANSIENT INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; SCHOTTKY-BARRIER FORMATION; ENHANCED DEFECT REACTIONS; LOW-TEMPERATURE MATRICES; MOLECULAR-BEAM; GAAS-SURFACES; MONTE-CARLO AB Photoinduced reactions at semiconductor surfaces and interfaces have recently come under intense study. This activity is motivated both by the potential technological importance of photoinduced device processing and by the fascinating complexity of the underlying science. The basic mechanisms by which photons can drive surface/interface reactions can be categorized into direct excitation of an ambient species, direct excitation of an adsorbed species, or indirect excitation via absorption within the substrate. We summarize the essential aspects of these basic mechanisms and then review recent studies that have focused on identifying the basic photoexcitation mechanism. The review encompasses studies of molecular desorption from, metal deposition on, and the oxidation and etching of Si and GaAs substrates. RP RICHTER, LJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 NR 201 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0079-6816 J9 PROG SURF SCI JI Prog. Surf. Sci. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 39 IS 2 BP 155 EP 226 DI 10.1016/0079-6816(92)90022-A PG 72 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA HY867 UT WOS:A1992HY86700002 ER PT J AU DAUGHTRY, CST GALLO, KP GOWARD, SN PRINCE, SD KUSTAS, WP AF DAUGHTRY, CST GALLO, KP GOWARD, SN PRINCE, SD KUSTAS, WP TI SPECTRAL ESTIMATES OF ABSORBED RADIATION AND PHYTOMASS PRODUCTION IN CORN AND SOYBEAN CANOPIES SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION; LEAF-AREA INDEX; WHEAT; GROWTH; YIELD; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AB Numerous studies have reported a linear relation between phytomass production and absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR) for a wide range of plant species. Related work has shown that APAR may be estimated from multispectral (visible and near infrared) remotely sensed observations. The combination of these two concepts may provide the basis for development of physically-based agronomic monitoring systems. These concepts are subjected to examination for two primary, mid-latitude crops; corn (Zea mays L.) and soybeans (Glycine max Merr.). Phytomass, green leaf area index (LAI), absorbed PAR, and multispectral reflectance factors of corn and soybean were measured periodically from planting to mid-grain fill in two growing seasons. As green LAI increased, the fractional APAR asymptotically approached a maximum value between 0.95 and 0.97. Fractional APAR displayed a linear relation to the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), which is relatively independent of species, throughout the growing seasons. However, deviations in the relation were observed between pre- and post-onset of senescence. For both corn and soybean, a linear relation between cumulative APAR and cumulative above-ground phytomass production was found. However, the rate of accumulation per unit APAR was more than twice as great for corn as for soybean. This agrees with previous reports comparing C4 grasses and C3 legumes. These results indicate that remotely sensed measurements contribute valuable information concerning energy/mass accumulation in plant canopies. However, implementation of this approach in crop monitoring will clearly require a capability to discriminate between, at least, corn and soybean. The influence of stress events, such as drought, nutrient limitations, and disease, will also require further consideration. C1 UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT GEOG, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, HYDROL LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NOAA, NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV, SATELLITE RES LAB, NATL CLIMAT DATA CTR, ASHEVILLE, NC USA. RP DAUGHTRY, CST (reprint author), USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,REMOTE SENSING RES LAB, BLDG 001,BARC W, 10300 BALTIMORE AVE, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RI Gallo, Kevin P./F-5588-2010 NR 28 TC 148 Z9 159 U1 4 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 39 IS 2 BP 141 EP 152 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(92)90132-4 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA HE859 UT WOS:A1992HE85900005 ER PT J AU PURTSCHER, PT AF PURTSCHER, PT TI QUANTIFYING THE EMBRITTLEMENT DUE TO SENSITIZATION IN AN AUSTENITIC STAINLESS-STEEL SO SCRIPTA METALLURGICA ET MATERIALIA LA English DT Article RP PURTSCHER, PT (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MAT RELIABIL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0956-716X J9 SCRIPTA METALL MATER JI Scr. Metall. Materialia PD FEB 1 PY 1992 VL 26 IS 3 BP 343 EP 346 DI 10.1016/0956-716X(92)90609-I PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA HA574 UT WOS:A1992HA57400001 ER PT J AU PU, SW MALGHAN, SG HSU, SM WITTBERG, TN AF PU, SW MALGHAN, SG HSU, SM WITTBERG, TN TI SURFACE OXIDATION OF SILICON-CARBIDE PLATELETS AS STUDIED BY X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY AND BREMSSTRAHLUNG-EXCITED AUGER-ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13TH SYMP ON APPLIED SURFACE ANALYSIS CY JUN 12-14, 1991 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN ID LOW-ENERGY ELECTRONS; KINETICS; NITRIDE; SOLIDS; DEPENDENCE; INTERFACE; CERAMICS; FILMS AB X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Bremsstrahlung-excited Auger electron spectroscopy (XAES) were used to study the surface composition and oxidation of silicon carbide platelets which had been heated in air at 500-800-degrees-C. The surface oxide thickness for each heating time and temperature was calculated independently from the SiO2/SiC intensity ratios in both the Si 2p XPS and the Si KLL XAES spectra. The results from these two methods agreed to within our calculated experimental error. Both methods revealed that the oxidation rate was non-linear and non-parabolic in this temperature range. Boron oxide was observed on the SiC platelets after beat treatment. Boron is used by the manufacturer as a catalyst and remains as an impurity in the SiC platelets. C1 UNIV DAYTON,RES INST,DAYTON,OH 45469. RP PU, SW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CERAM,BLDG 223,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0142-2421 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 18 IS 2 BP 159 EP 162 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA HJ670 UT WOS:A1992HJ67000016 ER PT J AU LANGFORD, AO FEHSENFELD, FC AF LANGFORD, AO FEHSENFELD, FC TI NATURAL VEGETATION AS A SOURCE OR SINK FOR ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA - A CASE-STUDY SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COMPENSATION POINT; NIWOT-RIDGE; DEPOSITION; FOREST; NITROGEN; LEAVES; EXCHANGE; COLORADO; SO2; NO2 AB Measurements of gaseous ammonia above a montane-subalpine forest in the Colorado mountains show that the role of the forest as a source or sink depends on the atmospheric concentrations. The canopy appeared to be an ammonia source when exposed to air containing low concentrations, but a sink when exposed to air enriched by nearby agricultural sources. The forest-averaged compensation point was 0.8 part per billion by volume at 20-degrees-C. The net burden of ammonia and other nitrogen species of anthropogenic origin at this site was much less than at forest sites in the eastern United States and Europe and may provide a valuable resource for this nitrogen-limited ecosystem. C1 NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LABS,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP LANGFORD, AO (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. RI Langford, Andrew/D-2323-2009; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013 OI Langford, Andrew/0000-0002-2932-7061; NR 31 TC 110 Z9 115 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 31 PY 1992 VL 255 IS 5044 BP 581 EP 583 DI 10.1126/science.255.5044.581 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA HB531 UT WOS:A1992HB53100037 PM 17792380 ER PT J AU MALGHAN, SG AF MALGHAN, SG TI DISPERSION OF SI3N4 POWDERS - SURFACE CHEMICAL INTERACTIONS IN AQUEOUS-MEDIA SO COLLOIDS AND SURFACES LA English DT Article DE AQUEOUS CHEMISTRY; DISPERSION; SILICON NITRIDE; SPECIFIC ADSORPTION; SURFACE INTERACTIONS ID SILICON-NITRIDE POWDERS; CARBIDE POWDERS AB The dispersion of submicron Si3N4 powders is a significant step in their processing to decrease defects and improve microstructural homogeneity. An analysis of subprocesses of dispersion such as wetting, breakup of agglomerates, and reagglomeration, is provided to identify critical steps involved in establishing thermodynamic feasibility and kinetic factors that control dispersion. Interparticle forces that are dominant in the aqueous suspensions of Si3N4 powders are described with reference to the electrical double layer charge development, which is responsible for promoting dispersion stability. Specific ions resulting from the surface dissolution of Si3N4 powders are identified, based on the surface and bulk interactions. The variabilities in the dispersion behavior of powders manufactured by different processes are explained in terms of differences in the specific and non-specific adsorption of these ions. RP MALGHAN, SG (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 35 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6622 J9 COLLOID SURFACE PD JAN 29 PY 1992 VL 62 IS 1-2 BP 87 EP 99 DI 10.1016/0166-6622(92)80039-5 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA HE291 UT WOS:A1992HE29100009 ER PT J AU THUMM, U AF THUMM, U TI THEORY OF FAST ION SURFACE COLLISIONS AT GRAZING-INCIDENCE - EMISSION OF ELECTRONS DUE TO CAPTURE AND LOSS TO THE CONTINUUM SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CONVOY ELECTRONS; CHARGE-EXCHANGE; CROSS-SECTION; ATOM; PROJECTILES; SCATTERING; VELOCITY; TARGETS; CUSP; HE AB Two mechanisms leading to the emission of electrons during the scattering of ions from a metal surface at grazing incidence are investigated. Emission probabilities are derived within a semiclassical approximation starting from first principles. For the capture of target electrons to the projectile continuum, first numerical results show three dominant features in the emitted electron spectrum. In addition to the Coulomb-cusp at zero relative velocity of electron and projectile, two structures with widths related to the Fermi energy of the metal conduction band are identified. They correspond to slow 'soft-collision' electrons and binary-encounter electrons, where the latter are most likely emitted at twice the projectile speed. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP THUMM, U (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. OI Thumm, Uwe/0000-0001-9378-6601 NR 36 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD JAN 28 PY 1992 VL 25 IS 2 BP 421 EP 435 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/25/2/011 PG 15 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA HC712 UT WOS:A1992HC71200011 ER PT J AU STOWE, LL CAREY, RM PELLEGRINO, PP AF STOWE, LL CAREY, RM PELLEGRINO, PP TI MONITORING THE MT-PINATUBO AEROSOL LAYER WITH NOAA-11 AVHRR DATA SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EL-CHICHON; CLIMATE AB The NOAA/NESDIS operational aerosol optical thickness product has provided an exceptional view of the development of the Mt. Pinatubo stratospheric aerosol layer. The product is derived from reflected solar radiation measurements of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer onboard the NOAA/11 polar orbiting environmental satellite. The greater the optical thickness, the greater the amount of reflected solar radiation. Daily and weekly composites of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) at a wavelength of 0.5 micrometers have been analyzed to monitor the spatial and temporal variability of the aerosol layer and its optical thickness since the major eruption of Mt. Pinatubo on June 15, 1991. These analyses show that: the volcanic aerosol layer circled the Earth in 21 days; there are inhomogeneities in the layer that seem to remain after over two months of circling the Earth; using an AOT of 0.1 to define the layer, it covered about 42% of the Earth's surface area after two months, over twice the area covered by the El Chichon aerosol layer two months after its eruption; the layer is confined to the latitude zone 20S to 30N, with occasional patches seen at somewhat higher latitudes; the largest mean optical thickness of the layer was 0.31, occurring on August 23rd; the mass of SO2 required to produce this aerosol optical thickness is 13.6 megatons; and, the globally averaged net radiation at the top of the atmosphere may be reduced by about 2.5 Wm-2 (cooling effect of at least 0.5-degrees-C) once the aerosol is distributed globally over the next two to four years. RP STOWE, LL (reprint author), NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,E-RA11,ROOM 711,WWB,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. NR 15 TC 183 Z9 187 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 24 PY 1992 VL 19 IS 2 BP 159 EP 162 DI 10.1029/91GL02958 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA HC057 UT WOS:A1992HC05700022 ER PT J AU DEFOOR, TE ROBINSON, E RYAN, S AF DEFOOR, TE ROBINSON, E RYAN, S TI EARLY LIDAR OBSERVATIONS OF THE JUNE 1991 PINATUBO ERUPTION PLUME AT MAUNA-LOA-OBSERVATORY, HAWAII SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC TRANSMISSION AB The June 1991 eruption of the Philippine volcano Pinatubo introduced a massive plume of volcanic ash and other aerosol material into a stratosphere containing only near-background concentrations of aerosol material. At Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii, the Pinatubo plume was first observed by lidar on 1 July 1991. During July and August the observable effects from this plume increased in intensity in terms of aerosol optical properties, plume height, and broad band solar radiation. Preliminary data analysis shows that the plume over Hawaii arrived in three generalized pulses or waves on approximately 3 July, 24 July, and 9 August. There was a decrease of about 13% in a broad band atmospheric transmission factor over Hawaii between June 1991 and Pinatubo affected conditions on 31 August 1991. At the end of August 1991, the Pinatubo plume over Hawaii exhibited characteristics similar in magnitude to what was observed at Mauna Loa after the El Chichon eruption in 1982. However, the early Pinatubo maximum plume heights were lower than were observed in the early months of the El Chichon plume dispersion. The Pinatubo plume was continuing to increase in magnitude and height at MLO at the end of August. RP DEFOOR, TE (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,CMDL,MAUNA LOA OBSERV,POB 275,HILO,HI 96721, USA. NR 10 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 24 PY 1992 VL 19 IS 2 BP 187 EP 190 DI 10.1029/91GL02791 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA HC057 UT WOS:A1992HC05700029 ER PT J AU POST, MJ GRUND, CJ LANGFORD, AO PROFFITT, MH AF POST, MJ GRUND, CJ LANGFORD, AO PROFFITT, MH TI OBSERVATIONS OF PINATUBO EJECTA OVER BOULDER, COLORADO BY LIDARS OF 3 DIFFERENT WAVELENGTHS SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB NOAA lidars at wavelengths of 0.574, 0.694, and 10.591 pm have observed ejecta from the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo both in die troposphere and stratosphere over Boulder, Colorado, since July 27, 1991. Multilayered clouds have been highly variable on time scales of minutes to days. Measurements at multiple wavelengths provide valuable information on size distribution and die wavelength dependence of backscatter and optical depth. C1 NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. NOAA,CIRES,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP POST, MJ (reprint author), NOAA,WAVE PROPAGAT LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Langford, Andrew/D-2323-2009 OI Langford, Andrew/0000-0002-2932-7061 NR 11 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 24 PY 1992 VL 19 IS 2 BP 195 EP 198 DI 10.1029/91GL02794 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA HC057 UT WOS:A1992HC05700031 ER PT J AU DESHLER, T HOFMANN, DJ JOHNSON, BJ ROZIER, WR AF DESHLER, T HOFMANN, DJ JOHNSON, BJ ROZIER, WR TI BALLOON-BORNE MEASUREMENTS OF THE PINATUBO AEROSOL SIZE DISTRIBUTION AND VOLATILITY AT LARAMIE, WYOMING DURING THE SUMMER OF 1991 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VOLCANIC-ERUPTION; EL-CHICHON; MASS AB Measurements using balloonborne optical particle counters at Laramie, Wyoming during the summer of 1991 are used to study the particle size distribution and volatility of the aerosol which formed in the stratosphere following the mid-June eruptions of Mt. Pinatubo. Enhanced aerosol layers were observed below 20 km as early as 16 July, about 1 month after the eruption. During late July, a transient though substantial particle layer was observed in the 23 km region. High concentrations of large particles in this high altitude layer resulted in aerosol mass mixing ratios as large as 0.5 ppm, considerably larger than observed following the eruption of El Chichon. Aerosol volatility tests indicated that well over 90% of the particles were composed of an H2SO4/H2O solution in all layers observed, indicating rapid conversion of SO2 to H2SO4 and subsequent droplet growth. High concentrations of droplets suggest homogeneous or ion nucleation as the most likely aerosol production mechanism. C1 NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP DESHLER, T (reprint author), UNIV WYOMING,DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI,LARAMIE,WY 82071, USA. NR 10 TC 156 Z9 157 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 24 PY 1992 VL 19 IS 2 BP 199 EP 202 DI 10.1029/91GL02787 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA HC057 UT WOS:A1992HC05700032 ER PT J AU SHERIDAN, PJ SCHNELL, RC HOFMANN, DJ DESHLER, T AF SHERIDAN, PJ SCHNELL, RC HOFMANN, DJ DESHLER, T TI ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE STUDIES OF MT-PINATUBO AEROSOL LAYERS OVER LARAMIE, WYOMING DURING SUMMER 1991 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Stratospheric aerosol layers resulting from the June 1991 eruptions of Mt. Pinatubo were first observed over Laramie, Wyoming in July 1991. Atmospheric particles were collected from these layers during three balloon flights in July and August using cascade impactors. Analytical electron microscope analysis of the aerosol deposits indicated that a large majority (> 99%) of the fine particles in all three samples were collected as submicrometer aqueous H2SO4 droplets, which changed to (NH4)2SO4 particles over time. Other particles observed in the aerosol were larger, and consisted of supermicrometer sulfate particles and composite sulfate/crustal particles which ranged up to approximately 10-mu-m in size. Peak aerosol concentrations for r > 0.15-mu-m diameter particles (determined by optical particle counters) in the layers were higher for the July flights than for the August sounding. This was reflected in the electron microscope results, which showed that the July impactor samples had particulate loadings on the fine particle stages which were 20-30% higher than those from the corresponding substrate from the August sample. A detailed analysis of the fine sulfate aerosol was performed to assess whether the sulfate particles contained small condensation nuclei. Nearly all analyzed sulfate particles showed no evidence of a solid or dissolved nucleus particle, which suggests that the volcanic H2SO4 aerosol formed through homogeneous nucleation processes. These data support heated-inlet optical particle counter data from the balloon flights which suggest that 95-98% of the volcanic particles were aqueous H2SO4. C1 UNIV WYOMING,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,LARAMIE,WY 82071. NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP SHERIDAN, PJ (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 7 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 24 PY 1992 VL 19 IS 2 BP 203 EP 206 DI 10.1029/91GL02789 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA HC057 UT WOS:A1992HC05700033 ER PT J AU CHARLSON, RJ SCHWARTZ, SE HALES, JM CESS, RD COAKLEY, JA HANSEN, JE HOFMANN, DJ AF CHARLSON, RJ SCHWARTZ, SE HALES, JM CESS, RD COAKLEY, JA HANSEN, JE HOFMANN, DJ TI CLIMATE FORCING BY ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL CLOUD ALBEDO; SOUTH-AMERICAN CONTINENT; EARTHS RADIATION BUDGET; ICE-CORE RECORD; ATMOSPHERIC SULFUR; UNITED-STATES; ANTARCTIC PRECIPITATION; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; IMPURITY SOURCES; WATER CLOUDS AB Although long considered to be of marginal importance to global climate change, tropospheric aerosol contributes substantially to radiative forcing, and anthropogenic sulfate aerosol in particular has imposed a major perturbation to this forcing. Both the direct scattering of short-wavelength solar radiation and the modification of the shortwave reflective properties of clouds by sulfate aerosol particles increase planetary albedo, thereby exerting a cooling influence on the planet. Current climate forcing due to anthropogenic sulfate is estimated to be - 1 to - 2 watts per square meter, globally averaged. This perturbation is comparable in magnitude to current anthropogenic greenhouse gas forcing but opposite in sign. Thus, the aerosol forcing has likely offset global greenhouse warming to a substantial degree. However, differences in geographical and seasonal distributions of these forcings preclude any simple compensation. Aerosol effects must be taken into account in evaluating anthropogenic influences on past, current, and projected future climate and in formulating policy regarding controls on emission of greenhouse gases and sulfur dioxide. Resolution of such policy issues requires integrated research on the magnitude and geographical distribution of aerosol climate forcing and on the controlling chemical and physical processes. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON, INST ENVIRONM STUDIES, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, DIV ENVIRONM CHEM, UPTON, NY 11973 USA. PACIFIC NW LAB, DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. SUNY STONY BROOK, INST TERR & PLANETARY ATMOSPHERES, STONY BROOK, NY 11794 USA. OREGON STATE UNIV, DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI, CORVALLIS, OR 97331 USA. NASA, GODDARD INST SPACE STUDIES, NEW YORK, NY 10025 USA. NOAA, CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RP CHARLSON, RJ (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON, DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. RI Schwartz, Stephen/C-2729-2008 OI Schwartz, Stephen/0000-0001-6288-310X NR 83 TC 2116 Z9 2206 U1 102 U2 658 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 24 PY 1992 VL 255 IS 5043 BP 423 EP 430 DI 10.1126/science.255.5043.423 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA HA590 UT WOS:A1992HA59000029 PM 17842894 ER PT J AU ELSHALL, MS DALY, GM GAO, JL MEOTNER, M SIECK, LW AF ELSHALL, MS DALY, GM GAO, JL MEOTNER, M SIECK, LW TI HOW SENSITIVE ARE CLUSTER COMPOSITIONS TO ENERGETICS - A JOINT BEAM EXPANSION THERMOCHEMICAL STUDY OF WATER-METHANOL TRIMETHYLAMINE CLUSTERS SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter ID CHARGE-TRANSFER COMPLEXES; KINETIC-ENERGY RELEASES; ACETONE MIXED CLUSTERS; DELOCALIZED PI-SYSTEMS; ION MOLECULE REACTIONS; UNIMOLECULAR DECOMPOSITIONS; NAPHTHALENE DERIVATIVES; ELECTRON-ACCEPTORS; MAGIC NUMBERS; DIMER CATIONS AB We report the results of joint beam expansion and thermochemical studies of clusters containing ionic hydrogen bonds between water (W), trimethylamine (T), and methanol (M). The cluster distributions H+WnTm show magic numbers for (n, m) = (1, 3), (2, 4), and (3, 5), where the solvent shells are completed by blocking groups around a H3O4 core ion. Larger clusters with n > 3 show deviation from the n + 2 rule, suggesting structural changes. In H+MnTm clusters, the H+MnT2 sequence is always more predominant than the H+Mn+1T series independent of expansion or ionization conditions. In the three component clusters, the predominant series is H+WnMmTn+2. The cluster distributions from the beam expansion are quite sensitive to the clusters' binding energies as measured by high-pressure mass spectrometry. Even though ionization involves large excess energies, the observed cluster distributions show sensitivity to thermochemical differences as small as 1-3 kcal/mol. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV CHEM KINET, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. GUANGZHOU TELECOMMUN BUR, GUANGZHOU, PEOPLES R CHINA. RP ELSHALL, MS (reprint author), VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV, DEPT CHEM, RICHMOND, VA 23284 USA. RI El-Shall, M. Samy/K-8954-2012 OI El-Shall, M. Samy/0000-0002-1013-4948 NR 20 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD JAN 23 PY 1992 VL 96 IS 2 BP 507 EP 510 DI 10.1021/j100181a002 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA HB392 UT WOS:A1992HB39200002 ER PT J AU IRIKURA, KK HUDGENS, JW AF IRIKURA, KK HUDGENS, JW TI DETECTION OF CH2(X3B1) RADICALS BY 3+1 RESONANCE-ENHANCED MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION SPECTROSCOPY SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; SINGLET METHYLENE; CH2; KINETICS; SPECTRA; NM; CF AB Spectra of triplet methylene radicals, XBAR 3B1 CH2 and CD2, were produced between 380 and 440 nm using mass-resolved resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI). These spectra arose from three-photon resonances with the BBAR 3A2 (3d), CBAR (3d), DBAR (3d), and 4d 3A2 Rydberg states between 78 950 and 68 200 cm-1 above the ground state. A fourth laser photon ionized the radicals; i.e., CH2+ (m/z 14) and CD2+ (m/z 16) ion signals were generated through a 3 + 1 REMPI mechanism. Methylene radicals were produced by the reaction of fluorine atoms and methyl radicals. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Irikura, Karl/A-4266-2009 OI Irikura, Karl/0000-0001-7515-6761 NR 16 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD JAN 23 PY 1992 VL 96 IS 2 BP 518 EP 519 DI 10.1021/j100181a006 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA HB392 UT WOS:A1992HB39200006 ER PT J AU DEARDEN, DV HUDGENS, JW JOHNSON, RD TSAI, BP KAFAFI, SA AF DEARDEN, DV HUDGENS, JW JOHNSON, RD TSAI, BP KAFAFI, SA TI SPECTROSCOPIC AND ABINITIO STUDIES OF DIFLUOROMETHYL RADICALS AND CATIONS SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; SPECTRA; DISSOCIATION; METHYL; ARGON; HEATS; IONS AB The structures and optical spectroscopy of the CHF2 radical and cation were studied by ab initio molecular orbital calculations and by experiment. Ab initio calculations at the MP2/6.31G** theory level found that the optimum structure of the XBAR 1A1 CHF2* cation belongs to the C20 point group with r(C-F) = 1.2424 angstrom, r(C-H) = 1.0883 angstrom, and F-C-F = 119.19-degrees. The optimized structure of the ground state CHF2 (XBAR (2)LAMBDA') radical belongs to the C(s) point group with r(C-F) = 1.3360 angstrom, r(C-H) = 1.0843 angstrom, F-C-F = 111.51-degrees, and H-C-F = 113.65-degrees. The ab initio angle between the F-C-F plane and the C-H bond is PHI(m) = 44.53-degrees. Vibrational frequencies for each CHF2 species were computed. The electronic spectra of CHF2 and CDF2 radicals were observed between 330 and 430 nm using mass-resolved resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) spectroscopy. These spectra arose from two-photon resonances with planar Rydberg states. A third laser photon ionized the radicals. Spectroscopic constants were found for the FBAR (3p) Rydberg state of the CHF2 radical (nu(0-0) = 49 312 (10) cm-1, omega'(2)(C-F str) = 1365 (8) cm-1, omega'(3)(CF2 scissors) = 660 (20) cm-1, omega(4)(OPLA) = 1022 (1) cm-1) and of the CDF2 radical (nu(0-0) = 49 323 (10) cm-1, omega'(2)(C-F str) = 1300 (21) cm-1, omega'(3)(CF2 scissors) = 650 (15) cm-1, omega'(4)(OPLA) = 864 (2) cm-1). The REMPI spectra exhibited nu"(4) = 1-5 hot bands of the XBAR 2A' radical. Modelling of these hot bands with a quartic double-well potential gives the inversion barrier, B(inv) = 2800 (500) cm-1, and PHI(m) = 49 (6)-degrees. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT ENVIRONM CHEM & BIOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. NR 31 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD JAN 23 PY 1992 VL 96 IS 2 BP 585 EP 594 DI 10.1021/j100181a017 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA HB392 UT WOS:A1992HB39200017 ER PT J AU ALFASSI, ZB HUIE, RE KUMAR, M NETA, P AF ALFASSI, ZB HUIE, RE KUMAR, M NETA, P TI TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE OF THE RATE CONSTANTS FOR OXIDATION OF ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS BY PEROXYL RADICALS IN AQUEOUS ALCOHOL-SOLUTIONS SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-TRANSFER REACTIONS; ABSOLUTE RATE CONSTANTS; TERT-BUTYLPEROXY RADICALS; SOLVENT STRUCTURE; ALKYLPEROXYL RADICALS; ARRHENIUS PARAMETERS; PULSE-RADIOLYSIS; AROMATIC-AMINES; MIXED-SOLVENTS; REACTIVITY AB Rate constants for reactions of chlorinated methylperoxyl radicals with chlorpromazinc (2-chloro-10-[3-(dimethylamino)-propyl]phenothiazine), trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxy?? lic acid), and ascorbate in aqueous alcohol solutions have been measured by pulse radiolysis as a function of temperature, generally between 5 and 75-degrees-C. The rate constants varied between 10(6) and 10(9) M-1 s-1, the calculated Arrhenius activation energies ranged from 1 to 30 kJ mol-1, and the preexponential factors also varied considerably, with log A ranging from 7 to 14. In general, room temperature rate constants increase with an increase in the number of chlorine atoms on the radical (increasing its electron affinity and thus the driving force for the reaction) and with an increase in the solvent polarity. The Arrhenius preexponential factor and the activation energy both increased as the proportion of water in the solvent mixture increased; i.e., the increase in rate constant with solvent polarity is a result of two compensating effects. Electron transfer from the organic reductants to the chlorinated methylperoxyl radicals is suggested to take place via an inner-sphere mechanism involving a transient adduct of the peroxyl radical to the reductant. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Huie, Robert/A-5645-2010 NR 29 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD JAN 23 PY 1992 VL 96 IS 2 BP 767 EP 770 DI 10.1021/j100181a045 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA HB392 UT WOS:A1992HB39200045 ER PT J AU BORNMANN, PL LEMEN, JR AF BORNMANN, PL LEMEN, JR TI FLUID-FLOW IN A JET AND THE CA-XIX LINE-PROFILES OBSERVED DURING SOLAR-FLARES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE LINE, PROFILES; SUN, FLARES; SUN, X-RAYS, GAMMA RAYS ID X-RAY-SPECTRA; HELIUM-LIKE IONS; DIELECTRONIC SATELLITE SPECTRA; LOOP RADIATIVE HYDRODYNAMICS; NONLOCAL THERMAL TRANSPORT; IMPULSIVE PHASE; CHROMOSPHERIC EVAPORATION; COMPACT FLARE; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; ENERGY-TRANSPORT AB Two types of fluid models were considered as methods for reproducing the blueshifts and line broadening observed in soft X-ray lines during the rise of solar flares. The fluid models representing the laminar flow of material in a jet and through a pipe were used to derive the velocity at each location in the flow. These velocities were then converted to velocity distributions and convolved with a thermal Maxwellian distribution to produce theoretical line profiles. The resulting theoretical profiles were then compared with Ca XIX line profiles observed by SMM's bent crystal spectrometer during the 1980 May 21 flare. Reasonable agreement was found for the jet model, while the pipe model was less successful at reproducing the observed line profiles. The optimal values for the free parameters in the jet model were within the ranges expected for solar flare conditions. The jet was much smaller than typical flare volumes estimated from spatial images, but the resulting densities were consistent with the upper limit of densities derived using density-sensitive line ratios. This supports previous reports of small filling factors and is interpreted as evidence for a chromospheric origin for the flow. Extrapolating back in time indicates that the jet started during the time of the hard X-ray burst. Stability analysis indicates that, although the laminar jet can reproduce the observations, instabilities may cause the flow to become turbulent, and that this laminar treatment is not strictly valid. In conclusion, although the observed line profiles can be explained with multiple blueshifted Gaussians, results from the present work suggest that the continuous velocity distribution within a jet is a viable alternative. C1 LOCKHEED PALO ALTO RES LABS, DEPT 9130, PALO ALTO, CA 94304 USA. RP NOAA, SPACE ENVIRONM LAB, 325 BROADWAY, R-E-SE, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NR 93 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 1992 VL 385 IS 1 BP 363 EP 374 DI 10.1086/170945 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA GZ903 UT WOS:A1992GZ90300036 ER PT J AU WALSH, T AF WALSH, T TI ZERO-BIAS ANOMALIES IN THE CURRENT-VOLTAGE AND CONDUCTANCE-VOLTAGE CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGH-CRITICAL-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR JUNCTIONS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS B LA English DT Article AB The occurrence of zero-bias anomalies (ZBAs) in the current-voltage and conductance-voltage characteristics of high-critical-temperature superconductors (HTS) is reviewed. Following a historical introduction, we summarize studies noting HTS ZBAs. Several explanations of the ZBAs in HTS tunneling characteristics have been proposed including a resistance in series with a Josephson junction, a conductive channel near the Fermi energy epsilon(F), localized magnetic states on film surfaces, proximity effects, a peak in the electron density of states near epsilon(F), an array of junctions in an HTS ceramic sample, coupling between a film's normal surface layer and the superconducting layer below the surface, quasiparticle tunneling, and phase diffusion. The plausibility and implications of these suggested explanations are discussed. Experiments to answer questions that remain regarding the source and significance of the ZBAs are proposed. RP WALSH, T (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 0217-9792 J9 INT J MOD PHYS B JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. B PD JAN 20 PY 1992 VL 6 IS 2 BP 125 EP 170 DI 10.1142/S0217979292000098 PG 46 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA HG848 UT WOS:A1992HG84800001 ER PT J AU GUTMAN, GG AF GUTMAN, GG TI SATELLITE DAYTIME IMAGE CLASSIFICATION FOR GLOBAL STUDIES OF EARTHS SURFACE PARAMETERS FROM POLAR ORBITERS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID AVHRR DATA; CLOUD; RADIANCES AB A daytime image classifier, which relies on the difference in spectral signatures of the five channels of AVHRR, is proposed. The methodology is based on the preliminary classification of each pixel with the assumption that it is clear and on subsequent tests for cloud detection. The advantage of the preliminary classification is in that the threshold values for spatial variability tests are dependent upon the surface types identified thus allowing more data to be retained over some complex terrains. A fine dynamic cloud filter was designed with the assumption that the absolute value of the near-IR to visible reflectance ratio correlates negatively with surface temperature. The climatic thermal thresholds can then be updated using a clear observation encountered in an array of pixels. Application of the proposed technique is demonstrated on two examples with 1 km resolution AVHRR data and one example with a subset of sampled 30 km resolution AVHRR data from ISCCP. A quantitative validation is done by comparing the cloud amount from ISCCP C1-product with that derived using the present method for the same equal-area grid cells. RP GUTMAN, GG (reprint author), NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD JAN 20 PY 1992 VL 13 IS 2 BP 209 EP 234 PG 26 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA HD268 UT WOS:A1992HD26800005 ER PT J AU SOLOMON, S MILLS, M HEIDT, LE POLLOCK, WH TUCK, AF AF SOLOMON, S MILLS, M HEIDT, LE POLLOCK, WH TUCK, AF TI ON THE EVALUATION OF OZONE DEPLETION POTENTIALS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; ANTARCTIC OZONE; PROFILE MEASUREMENTS; MODEL-CALCULATIONS; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; NUMERICAL-MODEL; MCMURDO-STATION; CHLORINE; VORTEX; DESTRUCTION AB Observations of methane, CFC-11, and ozone losses are used along with insights from models and observations regarding interrelationships between tracers to develop a semi-empirical framework for evaluating global ozone depletion potentials. Direct measurements of some hydrochlorofluorocarbons including HCFC-22 in the Arctic lower stratosphere are also used to evaluate the local ozone depletion potentials there. This approach assumes that all of the observed ozone destruction in the contemporary atmosphere is due to chlorine and that the depletion is proportional to the local relative chlorine release. It is shown that the global ozone depletion potentials for compounds with relatively long stratospheric lifetimes such as HCFC-22 and HCFC-142b are likely to be larger than those generally predicted by gas phase chemical models, due largely to the importance of lower stratospheric ozone losses that are not simulated in gas phase studies. The analysis presented suggests that the globally averaged efficiency for ozone depletion by HCFC-22 is as much as a factor of 2 larger than some gas phase model estimates. For compounds with short stratospheric lifetimes such as CCl4 and CH3CCl3, on the other hand, gas phase models likely overestimates the ozone depletion potentials for the present-day stratosphere. Observations of polar ozone loss and reactive halogen radical abundances also imply that the globally averaged ozone depletion potentials for brominated species for the contemporary stratosphere could be as much as 1.5-3 times greater than some gas phase model predictions, depending upon lower stratospheric loss processes. C1 UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, BOULDER, CO 80307 USA. RP SOLOMON, S (reprint author), NOAA, AERON LAB, REAL8, 325 S BROADWAY, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RI Tuck, Adrian/F-6024-2011; Mills, Michael/B-5068-2010 OI Tuck, Adrian/0000-0002-2074-0538; Mills, Michael/0000-0002-8054-1346 NR 61 TC 119 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 20 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D1 BP 825 EP 842 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HA087 UT WOS:A1992HA08700001 ER PT J AU WANG, PH MCCORMICK, MP CHU, WP LENOBLE, J NAGATANI, RM CHANIN, ML BARNES, RA SCHMIDLIN, F ROWLAND, M AF WANG, PH MCCORMICK, MP CHU, WP LENOBLE, J NAGATANI, RM CHANIN, ML BARNES, RA SCHMIDLIN, F ROWLAND, M TI SAGE-II STRATOSPHERIC DENSITY AND TEMPERATURE RETRIEVAL EXPERIMENT SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID OZONE MEASUREMENTS; INVERSION; AEROSOL; EXTINCTION; ALGORITHM; PROFILES; REGION AB This paper describes a stratospheric density and temperature retrieval experiment based on the solar occultation measurement of the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE II). The entire retrieval analysis involves two inversion steps: the vertical structure inversion, which derives the profile of local atmospheric extinction from SAGE II limb optical depth data, and the species inversion, which inverts the concentration of air molecules, aerosols, ozone, and nitrogen dioxide from the derived atmospheric extinction at five SAGE II short wavelengths (0.385, 0.448, 0.453, 0.525, and 0.600-mu-m). The inversion schemes for these steps are Twomey's (1975) modification of Chahine's nonlinear inversion algorithm and the Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear least squares method, respectively. The derived density profile is then used to infer the temperature distribution, assuming that the atmosphere is in hydrostatic equilibrium and obeys the ideal gas law. The retrieval analysis is illustrated in detail by using a SAGE II measurement event that occurred on September 15, 1987 (43.6-degrees-N, 4.1-degrees-W). An estimate of the error associated with the retrieved molecular density and temperature profiles based on the propagation of the instrument measurement error, the reference altitude error, and an assigned 10% error to the pressure at the top measurement level is also provided. The temperature profiles retrieved from the SAGE II observations are compared with near-coincident. in both time and space, French Rayleigh lidar and NASA Wallops Flight Facility rocket datasonde soundings as well as the National Meteorological Center (NMC) data analyses. The results indicate that the mean SAGE II temperature agrees with the mean lidar measurement to within 2-degrees-C at altitudes from 30.5 to 52.5 km. The SAGE II and datasonde observations agree to within about 4-degrees-C in approximately the same altitude region. The mean temperature difference between the SAGE II and NMC analyses are, on average, about 1-degrees, 4-degrees, 2-degrees, and 3-degrees-C at the standard pressure levels of 10, 5, 2, and 1 mbar, respectively. C1 CHEMAL INC, POB 44, WALLOPS ISL, VA 23337 USA. SCI & TECHNOL CORP, HAMPTON, VA USA. UNIV SCI & TECH LILLE, OPT ATMOSPHER LAB, LILLE, FRANCE. ST SYST CORP STX, HAMPTON, VA USA. NASA, LANGLEY RES CTR, DIV ATMOSPHER SCI, HAMPTON, VA 23665 USA. NOAA, NATL WEATHER SERV, NATL METEOROL CTR, WASHINGTON, DC 20233 USA. CNRS, SERV AERON, F-91370 VERRIERES BUISSON, FRANCE. NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, WALLOPS FLIGHT FACIL, WALLOPS ISL, VA USA. NR 37 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 20 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D1 BP 843 EP 863 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HA087 UT WOS:A1992HA08700002 ER PT J AU PROFFITT, MH SOLOMON, S LOEWENSTEIN, M AF PROFFITT, MH SOLOMON, S LOEWENSTEIN, M TI COMPARISON OF 2-D MODEL SIMULATIONS OF OZONE AND NITROUS-OXIDE AT HIGH-LATITUDES WITH STRATOSPHERIC MEASUREMENTS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Note ID ANTARCTIC STRATOSPHERE; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; NUMERICAL-MODEL; WINTER; TRANSPORT; HOLE; CH4; N2O AB A linear reference relationship between O3 and N2O has been used to estimate polar winter O3 loss from aircraft data taken in the lower stratosphere; Here we evaluate this relationship at high latitudes by comparing it with a two-dimensional (2-D) model simulation and with NIMBUS 7 satellite measurements. Although comparisons with satellite measurements are limited to January through May, the model simulations are compared during other seasons. The model simulations and the satellite data are found to be consistent with the winter O3 loss analysis, It is shown that such analyses are likely to be inappropriate during other seasons. C1 NASA, AMES RES CTR, MOFFETT FIELD, CA 94035 USA. RP PROFFITT, MH (reprint author), NOAA, AERON LAB, 325 BROADWAY, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NR 20 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 20 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D1 BP 939 EP 944 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HA087 UT WOS:A1992HA08700009 ER PT J AU PETROVIC, ZL JELENKOVIC, BM PHELPS, AV AF PETROVIC, ZL JELENKOVIC, BM PHELPS, AV TI EXCITATION BY AND SURFACE REFLECTION OF FAST HYDROGEN-ATOMS IN LOW-PRESSURE HYDROGEN DISCHARGES SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ALPHA LINE-SHAPES; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; GLOW-DISCHARGE; H-2; DENSITY; CARBON; H+ AB Fast excited H atoms produced in collisions of fast H atoms with H-2 and,observed by Doppler spectroscopy and quantitative radiometry are the dominant H-alpha source in low-current, low-pressure H-2 dc discharges. For heavy-metal cathodes, backscattered fast H atoms from incident H and H+ atoms and H-2 and H-2+ molecules excite most of the H-alpha. For graphite cathodes, backscattering is small and H-alpha is produced by electrons and by approaching fast H atoms produced by charge transfer in H+-H-2 collisions and dissociation in H-2+-H-2 and H-2-H-2 collisions. Excitation of H-alpha by ion collisions with H-2 and the cathode is small. C1 INST PHYS,BELGRADE,YUGOSLAVIA. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP PETROVIC, ZL (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. OI Petrovic, Zoran/0000-0001-6569-9447 NR 31 TC 91 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 20 PY 1992 VL 68 IS 3 BP 325 EP 328 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.68.325 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA GZ967 UT WOS:A1992GZ96700019 ER PT J AU WOICIK, JC KENDELEWICZ, T MIYANO, KE COWAN, PL BOULDIN, CE KARLIN, BA PIANETTA, P SPICER, WE AF WOICIK, JC KENDELEWICZ, T MIYANO, KE COWAN, PL BOULDIN, CE KARLIN, BA PIANETTA, P SPICER, WE TI X-RAY STANDING-WAVE DETERMINATION OF THE CLEAN INP(110) SURFACE RECONSTRUCTION SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SYNCHROTRON RADIATION BEAMLINE; HIGH-ENERGY-RESOLUTION; SILICON 111 SURFACE; SEMICONDUCTORS AB The x-ray standing-wave technique through detection of surface-sensitive Auger electrons has determined the surface reconstruction of clean InP(110). Using the back-reflection diffraction geometry from (220) planes, we find the perpendicular displacements of the surface P and In atoms to be +0.18 +/- 0.1 and -0.48 +/- 0.08 angstrom, respectively, from their unrelaxed bulk positions. The use of low-energy x rays combined with a novel method of data analysis opens the general problem of surface reconstruction to study by this technique. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,NATL SYNCHROTRON LIGHT SOURCE,UPTON,NY 11973. STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD ELECTR LABS,STANFORD,CA 94305. RP WOICIK, JC (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 20 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 20 PY 1992 VL 68 IS 3 BP 341 EP 344 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.68.341 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA GZ967 UT WOS:A1992GZ96700023 ER PT J AU CHRISTIE, DM DUNCAN, RA MCBIRNEY, AR RICHARDS, MA WHITE, WM HARPP, KS FOX, CG AF CHRISTIE, DM DUNCAN, RA MCBIRNEY, AR RICHARDS, MA WHITE, WM HARPP, KS FOX, CG TI DROWNED ISLANDS DOWNSTREAM FROM THE GALAPAGOS HOTSPOT IMPLY EXTENDED SPECIATION TIMES SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID PLATE MOTIONS; EVOLUTION; PLUMES AB THE volcanic islands of the Galapagos archipelago are the most recent products of a long-lived mantle hotspot 1,2. Little is known, however, of the submarine Galapagos platform on which the islands are built, or of the Cocos and Carnegie submarine ridges produced by past motion of the Cocos and Nazca plates across the hotspot 3,4. In 1990 we surveyed selected areas around the Galapagos platform and as far east as 85-degrees 30' W on the Carnegie ridge, where we dredged abundant well-rounded basalt cobbles from a small seamount with a terraced summit region. Cobbles were also dredged from several other seamounts. We interpret these features, especially the presence of cobbles, as evidence for erosion near sea level and conclude that these seamounts were volcanic islands before subsiding to their present depths. Radiometric ages for these drowned islands range from 5 to 9 Myr, consistent with predicted plate motions. They indicate that the time available for speciation of Galapagos organisms is much longer than the age range of the existing islands. C1 UNIV OREGON,DEPT GEOL,EUGENE,OR 97403. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT GEOL,ITHACA,NY 14853. NOAA,HATFIELD MARINE SCI CTR,NEWPORT,OR 97365. RP CHRISTIE, DM (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,COLL OCEANOG,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. RI Duncan, Robert/A-2168-2013; White, William/N-3231-2014 OI White, William/0000-0001-9024-7039 NR 16 TC 103 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 4 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 16 PY 1992 VL 355 IS 6357 BP 246 EP 248 DI 10.1038/355246a0 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA GZ694 UT WOS:A1992GZ69400065 ER PT J AU FOLDEAKI, M LEDBETTER, H AF FOLDEAKI, M LEDBETTER, H TI MAGNETIC-SUSCEPTIBILITY TEMPERATURE PEAKS IN FE-CR-NI ALLOYS SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLIED RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB A generalized molecular-field theory is used to consider the magnetic-susceptibility-temperature behavior of some face-centered-cubic (f.c.c.) Fe-Cr-Ni alloys. These alloys represent the first reported case of the first type of antiferromagnetic behavior with a positive paramagnetic Neel temperature THETA. RP FOLDEAKI, M (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIE VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0031-8965 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI A JI Phys. Status Solidi A-Appl. Res. PD JAN 16 PY 1992 VL 129 IS 1 BP 255 EP 262 DI 10.1002/pssa.2211290125 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA HR429 UT WOS:A1992HR42900024 ER PT J AU DEREGGI, AS DICKENS, B DITCHI, T ALQUIE, C LEWINER, J LLOYD, IK AF DEREGGI, AS DICKENS, B DITCHI, T ALQUIE, C LEWINER, J LLOYD, IK TI DETERMINATION OF THE POLARIZATION-DEPTH DISTRIBUTION IN POLED FERROELECTRIC CERAMICS USING THERMAL AND PRESSURE PULSE TECHNIQUES SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHARGE; DIELECTRICS; ELECTRETS AB This paper is the first of a series with the common theme of comparing thermal and acoustic pulse methods of measuring charge or polarization profiles across the thickness of slab-shaped samples that are representative of different types of materials. In this paper, thermal and pressure pulse measurements are reported of the polarization distribution in poled, ferroelectric ceramic samples. The results obtained from both methods are complementary so that there is a benefit to using both. The results also demonstrate that large deviations from uniform polarization can be induced by processing differences. C1 ECOLE SUPER PHYS & CHIM IND,F-75231 PARIS 05,FRANCE. USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP DEREGGI, AS (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Lloyd, Isabel/B-1513-2012 NR 17 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 1992 VL 71 IS 2 BP 854 EP 863 DI 10.1063/1.351306 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA HA645 UT WOS:A1992HA64500051 ER PT J AU SHAPIRO, LJ AF SHAPIRO, LJ TI HURRICANE VORTEX MOTION AND EVOLUTION IN A 3-LAYER MODEL SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONE MOTION; BAROTROPIC VORTEX; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; SHALLOW-WATER; BETA-PLANE; SIMULATION; LAYER AB A three-layer multinested numerical model is used to evaluate the asymmetric evolution of a hurricane and its interaction with the large-scale environment. The model uses a compressible fluid in isentropic coordinates. In 72 h the hurricane vortex on a beta plane moves northwest at an average speed of 2.4 m s-1. In the presence of a westerly zonal wind in the upper model layer, the hurricane on an f plane moves to the southeast at an average speed of 0.9 m s-1. A series of experiments establishes that the southeastward drift in the presence of westerly shear is primarily due to the southward isentropic gradient of background potential vorticity (PV) in the middle model layer that is associated with the background temperature field. The cyclonic circulation advects low PV air southward on the west side of the vortex, inducing a negative isentropic PV anomaly to the southwest. This anomaly is associated with a wind field that advects the vortex to the southeast, just as the northward isentropic gradient of PV due to the beta effect advects the hurricane to the northwest. The northward gradient of background PV in the upper layer has little effect on the motion. The westerly wind advects upper-layer low PV outside the vortex core to the east, inducing an anticyclonic anomaly that tends to advect the middle-layer vortex to the north; this tendency is secondary to the motion. The role of vertical transports of momentum due to cumulus convection on the hurricane motion is also evaluated. Results are presented that generalize the homogenization of asymmetric absolute vorticity and oscillation in relative angular momentum (RAM) found on the beta plane in a previous study with a barotropic model. Outside the vortex core and within approximately 350 km of the center, the asymmetries reach a near-steady state. The middle-layer asymmetry is associated with a PV gradient that neutralizes the background gradient due to planetary vorticity or environmental temperature, thereby insulating the symmetric vortex from distortion. Horizontal fluxes in the presence of the planetary vorticity gradient tend to counteract the development of strong anticyclonic total RAM within a large circle about the vortex center. RP SHAPIRO, LJ (reprint author), ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,DIV HURRICANE RES,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. NR 31 TC 89 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN 15 PY 1992 VL 49 IS 2 BP 140 EP 153 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1992)049<0140:HVMAEI>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HC976 UT WOS:A1992HC97600004 ER PT J AU HUMMER, DG STOREY, PJ AF HUMMER, DG STOREY, PJ TI RECOMBINATION LINE-INTENSITIES FOR HYDROGENIC IONS .3. EFFECTS OF FINITE OPTICAL DEPTH AND DUST SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CASE-B CALCULATIONS; GASEOUS NEBULAE AB We explore systematically the effect on the recombination spectrum of hydrogen arising from: (i) finite optical thickness in the Lyman lines; (ii) the overlapping of Lyman lines near the series limit; (iii) the absorption of Lyman lines by dust or photoionization, and (iv) the long-wave radiation emitted by dust. Full account is taken of electron and heavy particle collisions in redistributing energy and angular momentum. We find that each of these deviations from the classical Case B leads to observable effects, and that dust influences the recombination spectrum in characteristic ways that may make possible new observational constraints on dust properties in nebulosities. On the basis of these calculations we believe the uncertainty in the determination of the helium-to-hydrogen abundance ratio in the Universe may be larger than currently claimed. C1 UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. NATL INST STANT & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV LONDON UNIV COLL,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,LONDON WC1E 6BT,ENGLAND. NR 20 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN 15 PY 1992 VL 254 IS 2 BP 277 EP 290 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA GZ103 UT WOS:A1992GZ10300010 ER PT J AU FLAMBAUM, VV SUSHKOV, OP AF FLAMBAUM, VV SUSHKOV, OP TI HOLE DISPERSION AND ENHANCEMENT OF ANTIFERROMAGNETIC INTERACTION OF LOCALIZED SPINS IN HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; HUBBARD-MODEL; LA2CUO4; PHOTOEMISSION AB In the framework of the extended Hubbard model (copper-oxygen and oxygen-oxygen hopping) the energy and effective mass of a mobile hole is expressed in terms of hopping parameters and the correlators between spins of the background . Due to interaction of the mobile hole with localized holes, its effective mass increases about four times. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80302. RP FLAMBAUM, VV (reprint author), NOVOSIBIRSK NUCL PHYS INST,NOVOSIBIRSK 630090,USSR. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD JAN 15 PY 1992 VL 190 IS 4 BP 453 EP 459 DI 10.1016/0921-4534(92)90705-H PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA HG138 UT WOS:A1992HG13800009 ER PT J AU BOITEUX, S GAJEWSKI, E LAVAL, J DIZDAROGLU, M AF BOITEUX, S GAJEWSKI, E LAVAL, J DIZDAROGLU, M TI SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY OF THE ESCHERICHIA-COLI FPG PROTEIN (FORMAMIDOPYRIMIDINE DNA GLYCOSYLASE) - EXCISION OF PURINE LESIONS IN DNA PRODUCED BY IONIZING-RADIATION OR PHOTOSENSITIZATION SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID APURINIC APYRIMIDINIC SITES; INDUCED BASE DAMAGE; CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; OXYGEN RADICALS; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; ENDONUCLEASE-III; IMIDAZOLE RINGS; 7-METHYLGUANINE; SUPEROXIDE AB We have investigated the excision of a variety of modified bases from DNA by the Escherichia coli Fpg protein (formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase) [Boiteux, S., O'Connor, T. R., Lederer, F., Gouyette, A., & Laval, J. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 3916-3922]. DNA used as a substrate was modified either by exposure to ionizing radiation or by photosensitization using visible light in the presence of methylene blue (MB). The technique of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, which can unambiguously identify and quantitate pyrimidine- and purine-derived lesions in DNA, was used for analysis of hydrolyzed and derivatized DNA samples. Thirteen products resulting from pyrimidines and purines were detected in gamma-irradiated DNA, whereas only the formation of 2,6-diamino-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine (FapyGua) and 8-hydroxyguanine (8-OH-Gua) was observed in visible light/MB-treated DNA. Analysis of gamma-irradiated DNA after incubation with the Fpg protein followed by precipitation revealed that the Fpg protein significantly excised 4,6-diamino-5-formamidopyrimidine (FapyAde), FapyGua, and 8-OH-Gua. The excision of a small but detectable amount of 8-hydroxyadenine was also observed. The detection of these products in the supernatant fractions of the same samples confirmed their excision by the enzyme. Nine pyrimidine-derived lesions were not excised. The Fpg protein also excised FapyGua and 8-OH-Gua from visible light/MB-treated DNA. The presence of these products in the supernatant fractions confirmed their excision. The results suggest that one of the biological roles of the Fpg protein, which is present in bacteria as well as in mammalian cells, is the repair of DNA damage caused by free radicals or by other oxygen-derived species such as singlet oxygen. The Fpg protein appears to be specific for recognition of imidazole ring opened purines and 8-hydroxypurines in DNA and may complement pyrimidine-specific enzymes in repair of DNA damage in vivo. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. INST GUSTAVE ROUSSY,REPARAT LESIONS RADIO & CHIMIOINDUITES GRP,CNRS,URA 158,INSERM,F-94805 VILLEJUIF,FRANCE. NR 48 TC 547 Z9 549 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD JAN 14 PY 1992 VL 31 IS 1 BP 106 EP 110 DI 10.1021/bi00116a016 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA GZ438 UT WOS:A1992GZ43800016 PM 1731864 ER PT J AU ROBERTSON, B ASTUMIAN, RD AF ROBERTSON, B ASTUMIAN, RD TI INTERPRETATION OF THE EFFECT OF AN OSCILLATING ELECTRIC-FIELD ON MEMBRANE ENZYMES SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ENERGY; ACTIVATION; PROTEINS AB Theoretical expressions for the frequency and amplitude dependence of the rate of a catalyzed reaction are fitted to the data of Graziana et al. (1990) [Graziana, A., Ranjeva, R., & Teissie, J. (1990) Biochemistry 29, 8313-83181 for Ca2+ uptake by carrot protoplasts in an oscillating electric field. This uptake is a direct (linear) measure of the rate of increase of ATP caused by a plasma membrane enzyme in the oscillating field. The fit gives 20 ms and 33-mu-s for the relaxation times of the enzyme and roughly 3 for the effective number of elementary changes displaced across the membrane by a conformational change of the enzyme in its catalytic cycle. Additional experiments are suggested to define further the mechanism of the enzymatic reaction. RP ROBERTSON, B (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 18 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD JAN 14 PY 1992 VL 31 IS 1 BP 138 EP 141 DI 10.1021/bi00116a020 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA GZ438 UT WOS:A1992GZ43800020 PM 1731865 ER PT J AU LI, ZY BEGELMAN, MC CHIUEH, TH AF LI, ZY BEGELMAN, MC CHIUEH, TH TI THE EFFECTS OF RADIATION DRAG ON RADIAL, RELATIVISTIC HYDROMAGNETIC WINDS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ACCRETION, ACCRETION DISKS; GALAXIES, NUCLEI; MHD; RADIATIVE TRANSFER; RELATIVITY ID ROTATING COMPACT OBJECTS; FLOWS; DISKS; JET AB We study the effects of drag on an idealized relativistic MHD wind of radial geometry. The astrophysical motivation is to understand the effects of radiation drag on the dynamics of a jet or wind passing through the intense radiation field of an accreting compact object. From a critical point analysis, we find that a slow magnetosonic point can appear in a dragged flow even in the absence of gravitational force, as a result of a balance between the drag force and the combination of thermal pressure and centrifugal forces. As in the undragged case, the Alfven point does not impose any constraints on the flow. Although it is formally possible for a dragged flow to possess more than one fast magnetosonic point, we show that this is unlikely in practice. In the limit of a "cold," centrifugally driven flow, we show that the fast magnetosonic point moves to infinite radius, just as in the drag-free case. For a given mass flux, the total energy output carried to infinity, and the final partition between the kinetic energy and the Poynting flux, are the same for the dragged and the drag-free flows. The main effects of radiation drag are to increase the amount of energy and angular momentum extracted from the source and to redistribute the regions where acceleration occurs in the flow. This is accomplished through the storage and release of magnetic energy, as a result of additional winding and compression of the field caused by the action of the drag. For a relativistic wind, the dissipated energy can exceed the final kinetic energy of the flow and may be comparable to the total flow energy (which is dominated by Poynting flux). The energy lost to radiation drag will appear as a Doppler-boosted beam of scattered radiation, which could dominate the background radiation if the flow is well-collimated. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT ASTROPHYS PLANETARY & ATMOSPHER SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC. NATL CENT UNIV,INST PHYS & ASTRON,CHUNGLI 32054,TAIWAN. RP LI, ZY (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. OI CHIUEH, TZI-HONG/0000-0003-2654-8763 NR 22 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 1992 VL 384 IS 2 BP 567 EP 579 DI 10.1086/170899 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA GY758 UT WOS:A1992GY75800019 ER PT J AU JUDGE, PG JORDAN, C FELDMAN, U AF JUDGE, PG JORDAN, C FELDMAN, U TI FE-II EMISSION-LINES .2. EXCITATION MECHANISMS IN COOL STARS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ATOMIC PROCESSES; LINE, FORMATION; RADIATIVE TRANSFER; STARS, LATE-TYPE ID QUIET SUN; SOLAR CHROMOSPHERE; GIANT STARS; SPECTRUM; ATMOSPHERES; COMPONENTS; LIMB; IRON; IUE; PI AB We discuss excitation mechanisms for the "resonance" transitions (between the 3d(6)4s, 3d7, and 3d(6)4p configurations) of Fe II observed in emission in the near-ultraviolet spectra of cool stars. Our analysis is based upon (a) emission measure analysis of previously measured lines in IUE spectra of cool giants, (b) discussion of the behavior of Fe II lines observed above the solar limb from Skylab spectra, (c) approximate radiative transfer calculations in a 59 level Fe II model atom using mean escape probabilities and a parameterization of optical radiation fields, and (d) accurate radiative transfer calculations in a smaller atomic model. The solar spectra show unambiguous evidence that electron collisions are responsible for most of the Fe II emission observed above the white-light limb. For cool giants the z 6D0 z 6F0 terms, leading to UV multiplets 1, 32, and 2, 33, 60, are also excited primarily by electron collisions. However, the z 6P0, z 4D0 z 4F0 and z 4P0 terms, leading to UV multiplets, 3-6, 34-36, and 61-64, cannot be excited solely by electron collisions or by previously identified line fluorescence processes. These terms are excited by electron excitation of metastable quartet terms below approximately 4 eV, followed by photoexcitation in lines at optical wavelengths by photospheric radiation. We construct a "cool star" diagnostic diagram similar to the figure of Viotti, showing the regimes in which electron collisions and continuum photoexcitation are important in the chromospheres of cool stars. Finally, we discuss some implications of our findings. C1 UNIV COLORADO, NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, BOULDER, CO 80302 USA. UNIV OXFORD, DEPT PHYS, OXFORD OX1 3NP, ENGLAND. USN, RES LAB, EO HULBURT CTR SPACE RES, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. NR 55 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 1992 VL 384 IS 2 BP 613 EP 623 DI 10.1086/170903 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA GY758 UT WOS:A1992GY75800023 ER PT J AU LUTTERMOSER, DG BROWN, A AF LUTTERMOSER, DG BROWN, A TI A VLA 3.6 CENTIMETER SURVEY OF N-TYPE CARBON STARS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE RADIATION MECHANISMS, MISCELLANEOUS; RADIO CONTINUUM, STARS; STARS, CARBON; STARS, VARIABLES, OTHER ID MASS-LOSS RATES; MAGELLANIC CLOUDS; EVOLVED STARS; V-HYDRAE; GIANT; OUTFLOW AB We present the results of a VLA continuum survey of 7 N-type carbon stars at 3.6 cm. Evidence exists for hot plasma around such stars; the IUE satellite having detected emission lines of singly ionized metals in the optically brightest carbon stars, which in solar-type stars indicate the existence of a chromosphere. In the past, these emission lines have been used to constrain the lower portion of the archetypical chromospheric model of N-type carbon stars, that of TX Psc. Five of the survey stars are semiregular (1 SRa and 4 SRb) variables and two are irregular (Lb) variables. Upper limits of approximately 0.07 mJy are set for the SRb and Lb variables and the lone SRa (V Hya) was detected with a flux of 0.22 mJy. The upper limits for the six stars that are not detected indicate that the temperature in their winds is less than 10(4) K. We also discuss various scenarios for the emission from V Hya and suggest the radio continuum is shock related (either due to pulsation or the suspected bipolar jet) and not due to a supposed accretion disk around an unseen companion. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80302. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 1992 VL 384 IS 2 BP 634 EP 639 DI 10.1086/170905 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA GY758 UT WOS:A1992GY75800025 ER PT J AU MASLANIK, JA AF MASLANIK, JA TI EFFECTS OF WEATHER ON THE RETRIEVAL OF SEA ICE CONCENTRATION AND ICE TYPE FROM PASSIVE MICROWAVE DATA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH SCIENTIFIC ASSEMBLY OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOC OF METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS CY AUG 08, 1989 CL UNIV READING, READING, ENGLAND SP INT ASSOC METEOROL & ATMOSPHER PHYS HO UNIV READING ID EARLY SUMMER; RADIOMETER; SIGNATURES; SATELLITE; ALGORITHM; MODEL; SMMR; ZONE; BAY AB Effects of wind, water vapour, and cloud liquid water on ice concentration and ice type calculated from passive microwave data are assessed through radiative transfer calculations and observations. These weather effects can cause overestimates in ice concentration and more substantial underestimates in multiyear ice percentage by decreasing polarization and by decreasing the gradient between frequencies. The effect of surface temperature and air temperature on the magnitudes of weather-related errors is small for ice concentration and substantial for multiyear ice percentage. The existing weather filter in the NASA Team Algorithm addresses only weather effects over open ocean; the additional use of local open-ocean tie points and an alternative weather correction for the marginal ice zone can further reduce errors due to weather. Ice concentrations calculated using 37 versus 18 GHz data show little difference in total ice covered area, but greater differences in intermediate concentration classes. Given the magnitude of weather-related errors in ice classification from passive microwave data, corrections for weather effects may be necessary to detect small trends in ice covered area and ice type for climate studies. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT GEOG,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP MASLANIK, JA (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,CAMPUS BOX 449,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 19 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD JAN 10 PY 1992 VL 13 IS 1 BP 37 EP 54 PG 18 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA GZ503 UT WOS:A1992GZ50300005 ER PT J AU CRAFT, NE WISE, SA SOARES, JH AF CRAFT, NE WISE, SA SOARES, JH TI OPTIMIZATION OF AN ISOCRATIC HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION OF CAROTENOIDS SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID BETA-CAROTENE; CIS-CAROTENOIDS; HPLC SEPARATION; CANCER AB Using a polymeric C18 high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) column, which demonstrated excellent separation selectivity toward carotenoid compounds in an earlier column evaluation, the effects of mobile phase modifier, modifier concentration, and column temperature were investigated. A seven-component carotenoid mixture was used to monitor changes in separation selectivity in response to variations in HPLC conditions. Both acetonitrile and tetrahydrofuran (THF) improved the resolution of echinenone and alpha-carotene; THF was selected for use as a modifier due to its solvating properties. At concentrations greater than 6% THF, the resolution of lutein and zeaxanthin deteriorated significantly. Temperature was varied from 15 to 35-degrees-C in 5-degrees-C increments. Resolution of lutein/zeaxanthin and beta-cartone/lycopene were better at lower temperatures while echinenone/alpha-carotene separation improved as temperature increased. An acceptable separation of all seven carotenoids was achieved at 20-degrees-C using 5% THF as a mobile phase modifier. Method applicability is demonstrated for serum and food carotenoids. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT NUTR SCI,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP CRAFT, NE (reprint author), NBS,DIV ORGAN ANALYT RES,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 23 TC 107 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD JAN 10 PY 1992 VL 589 IS 1-2 BP 171 EP 176 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(92)80019-Q PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA HB068 UT WOS:A1992HB06800018 ER PT J AU MILBERT, DG DEWHURST, WT AF MILBERT, DG DEWHURST, WT TI THE YELLOWSTONE-HEBGEN LAKE GEOID OBTAINED THROUGH THE INTEGRATED GEODESY APPROACH SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID GRAVITY AB The 1987 Crustal Deformation Survey of the Yellowstone-Hebgen Lake region produced accurate geodetic measurements in an area unique for its rugged topography and volcanic processes. Using the integrated geodesy approach, Global Positioning System (GPS) baseline vectors, geodetic leveling, and gravity measurements were combined in a simultaneous least squares adjustment. Using 30" x 30" digital terrain data, and an Airy model, isostatically corrected complete Bouguer gravity disturbances highlight both the Yellowstone Caldera and a second gravity low near Hebgen Lake. A linear relationship between these disturbances and the departures of geoid height from the Airy isostatic model have been found (r = 0.84). Adjusting the covariance function while incorporating the GPS contribution yields a function whose correlation length is significantly longer than that predicted by autocorrelation statistics of the gravity disturbances alone. The integrated adjustment produced a geoid whose low-frequency components are in good agreement with OSU86F. Formal statistics indicate precision of 2-5 cm. GPS residuals for 35 leveled points in the adjustment have a root-me-an-square value of 2.9 cm and a standard error estimate of 4.6 cm. In comparison, a free adjustment of 152 GPS vectors yields a differential height standard error of 3.8 cm. RP MILBERT, DG (reprint author), NOAA,NATL OCEAN SURVEY,CHARTING & GEODET SERV,NATL GEODET SURVEY,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JAN 10 PY 1992 VL 97 IS B1 BP 545 EP 557 DI 10.1029/91JB02027 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA GY778 UT WOS:A1992GY77800018 ER PT J AU MENELLE, A RUSSELL, TP ANASTASIADIS, SH SATIJA, SK MAJKRZAK, CF AF MENELLE, A RUSSELL, TP ANASTASIADIS, SH SATIJA, SK MAJKRZAK, CF TI ORDERING OF THIN DIBLOCK COPOLYMER FILMS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MICROPHASE SEPARATION; NEUTRON REFLECTIVITY; BLOCK COPOLYMERS; SURFACE AB The ordering in thin films of symmetric diblock copolymers has been studied by neutron reflectivity as a function of temperature and film thickness. Exponentially damped oscillatory variations in the concentration are shown to propagate into the specimens from both surfaces with decay lengths increasing with decreasing temperature. No distinguishable order-to-disorder transition is observed; only a transition from a partially to a fully ordered state is found. The temperature of this transition is found to depend in a power-law manner on the film thickness. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20877. RP MENELLE, A (reprint author), IBM CORP,DIV RES,ALMADEN RES CTR,650 HARRY RD,SAN JOSE,CA 95120, USA. RI Anastasiadis, Spiros/D-2778-2009 OI Anastasiadis, Spiros/0000-0003-0936-1614 NR 19 TC 155 Z9 155 U1 4 U2 19 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 6 PY 1992 VL 68 IS 1 BP 67 EP 70 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.68.67 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA GY044 UT WOS:A1992GY04400018 ER PT J AU DLUGOKENCKY, EJ RAVISHANKARA, AR AF DLUGOKENCKY, EJ RAVISHANKARA, AR TI LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS OF DIRECT OZONE LOSS ON ICE AND DOPED-ICE SURFACES SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-ACID TRIHYDRATE; HETEROGENEOUS REACTIONS; HOLE; STRATOSPHERE; WATER AB Laboratory measurements were carried out to test for the possible direct loss of ozone on ice surfaces and solid solutions of nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and sodium sulfite over the temperature range 195 to 262 K. Experiments were performed in a vertical flow tube where the reactor wall was coated with the desired surface. Results indicate that loss of ozone on an ice surface is insignificant. A discussion of the possible importance of these results in the stratosphere is given. C1 NOAA,AERON LAB,R-E-AL2,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. RI Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011 NR 17 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 3 PY 1992 VL 19 IS 1 BP 41 EP 44 DI 10.1029/91GL02092 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA GZ810 UT WOS:A1992GZ81000011 ER PT J AU GLAZNER, AF FARMER, GL AF GLAZNER, AF FARMER, GL TI PRODUCTION OF ISOTOPIC VARIABILITY IN CONTINENTAL BASALTS BY CRYPTIC CRUSTAL CONTAMINATION SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CENOZOIC VOLCANIC-ROCKS; RIO-GRANDE RIFT; GREAT-BASIN; MANTLE; ORIGIN; CALIFORNIA; BENEATH; USA; SR AB Regional variations in the Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic compositions of Neogene basalts from the western United States are commonly interpreted to originate in the subcontinental mantle. In southern California, isotopic variability is restricted to lavas that lack mantle-derived xenoliths; xenolith-bearing basalts have uniform isotopic compositions similar to those of ocean-island basalts (OIBs). Combined with available geochemical data, these observations suggest that isotopic variability at these volcanoes results from subtle crustal contamination, locally by mafic crust, of primitive OIB-like magma. Recognition of such cryptic contamination may help to reconcile local discrepancies between tectonic and isotopic views of the subcontinental mantle. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT GEOL SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP GLAZNER, AF (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT GEOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. NR 28 TC 47 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 3 PY 1992 VL 255 IS 5040 BP 72 EP 74 DI 10.1126/science.255.5040.72 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA GX791 UT WOS:A1992GX79100038 PM 17739917 ER PT J AU KISSLINGER, C AF KISSLINGER, C TI EARTHQUAKES - SIZING UP THE THREAT SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP KISSLINGER, C (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,DEPT GEOL SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 2 PY 1992 VL 355 IS 6355 BP 18 EP 19 DI 10.1038/355018a0 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA GY228 UT WOS:A1992GY22800022 ER PT J AU DESROSIERS, MF COURSEY, BM AF DESROSIERS, MF COURSEY, BM BE Watson, EE Schlafkestelson, AT TI A NEW APPROACH TO RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL DOSE ASSESSMENT SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL DOSIMETRY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Radiopharmaceutical Dosimetry Symposium CY MAY 07-10, 1991 CL OAK RIDGE, TN SP OAK RIDGE ASSOC UNIV, US FDA, US DOE C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV IONIZING RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT COMMERCE NATL TECH INFORMATION SERVICE PI WASHINGTON PA 14TH & CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20230 PY 1992 BP 57 EP 65 PG 9 WC Oncology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BZ64A UT WOS:A1992BZ64A00006 ER PT B AU COURSEY, BM CALHOUN, JM CESSNA, J GOLAS, DB GRAY, DH HOPPES, DD SCHIMA, FJ UNTERWEGER, MP AF COURSEY, BM CALHOUN, JM CESSNA, J GOLAS, DB GRAY, DH HOPPES, DD SCHIMA, FJ UNTERWEGER, MP BE Watson, EE Schlafkestelson, AT TI NATIONAL STANDARDS FOR DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC NUCLIDES SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL DOSIMETRY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Radiopharmaceutical Dosimetry Symposium CY MAY 07-10, 1991 CL OAK RIDGE, TN SP OAK RIDGE ASSOC UNIV, US FDA, US DOE C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,PHYS LAB,DIV IONIZING RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU US DEPT COMMERCE NATL TECH INFORMATION SERVICE PI WASHINGTON PA 14TH & CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20230 PY 1992 BP 152 EP 165 PG 14 WC Oncology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BZ64A UT WOS:A1992BZ64A00013 ER PT J AU MCCURLEY, MF SEITZ, WR AF MCCURLEY, MF SEITZ, WR TI SWELLING OF A POLYMER MEMBRANE FOR USE IN A GLUCOSE BIOSENSOR SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID GELS AB A membrane for a fiber optic biosensor based on polymer swelling and optical displacement has been investigated. A copolymer of polyacrylamide and 2-(dimethylamino) ethylmethacrylate (DMAEM), lightly crosslinked with N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) served as the membrane for immobilizing glucose oxidase. The swelling was found to be a function of the glucose concentration in the physiological range. The final degree of swelling varies inversely with the extent of crosslinking and directly with the amine content. C1 UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE, DEPT CHEM, DURHAM, NH 03824 USA. RP MCCURLEY, MF (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20879 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1992 VL 487 BP 301 EP 309 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HX624 UT WOS:A1992HX62400025 ER PT J AU HU, ZS HSU, SM WANG, PS AF HU, ZS HSU, SM WANG, PS TI TRIBOCHEMICAL REACTIONS OF STEARIC-ACID ON COPPER SURFACE - INFRARED MICROSPECTROSCOPY AND SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID FERMI RESONANCES; B-FORM; SPECTRA; SILVER; MICROPROBE; DEPENDENCE; MOLECULES; CRYSTALS; CHAINS; FILMS AB The tribochemistry of stearic acid on copper was studied using a pin-on-disc apparatus under boundary lubrication condition. The wear of copper was reduced significantly by the presence of the stearic acid. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis suggests the formation of cupric stearate during the rubbing process. The reaction products were further confirmed to by Laser Raman spectroscopy. The characteristic Raman signals of cupric stearate at 1547, 623, 288, and 243 wavenumbers were detected. Static experiments at 160-degrees-C produced the same reaction products when compared to room temperature rubbing experiments. The tribochemical reaction is postulated to be initiated by the formation of a chemisorbed stearic acid on copper oxide surface. The adsorbed specie appears to be a monomer and is oriented approximately perpendicular to the surface. The native oxide film is necessary for the chemisorption to occur. Interaction of the surfaces converts the chemisorbed stearic acid into cupric stearate which forms a protective boundary lubricating film reducing wear. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1992 VL 485 BP 195 EP 216 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HT789 UT WOS:A1992HT78900013 ER PT J AU GLAND, JL RUFAEL, T FISCHER, DA AF GLAND, JL RUFAEL, T FISCHER, DA TI ULTRASOFT X-RAY ABSORPTION DETECTED BY FLUORESCENCE YIELD - INSITU METHOD FOR CHARACTERIZING ADSORBATES AND SURFACE-REACTIONS SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID FINE-STRUCTURE; PT(111) SURFACE; HYDROGEN ADSORPTION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; BOND LENGTHS; CO; METHANETHIOL; NI(100); CHEMISORPTION; PHOTOEMISSION AB The recent development of ultra soft X-Ray fluorescence detection methods have greatly enhanced our ability to characterize adsorbed species and surface reactions containing low-Z elements. Three examples of surface processes involving carbon containing species are summarized here to illustrate the interesting capabilities of Fluorescence Yield Near Edge Spectroscopy (FYNES). Transient in-situ studies have revealed that more strongly adsorbed carbon monoxide is displaced well below it's usual desorption temperature for hydrogen pressures above 0.01 torr on both the Pt(111) and Ni(100) surfaces. Transient in-situ kinetic studies of hydrogen induced C-S bond activation in adsorbed methylthiolate on the Pt(111) surface have also been performed for hydrogen pressures in the 10(-4) to 10(-2) torr range. Taken together these examples suggest that a broad range of adsorbed species and elementary surface reaction steps can be characterized by this new in-situ method. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, NATL SYNCHROTRON LIGHT SOURCE, UPTON, NY 11973 USA. RP GLAND, JL (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN, DEPT CHEM, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1992 VL 482 BP 183 EP 201 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HF544 UT WOS:A1992HF54400012 ER PT J AU CHO, SJ MOON, H HOCKEY, BJ HSU, SM AF CHO, SJ MOON, H HOCKEY, BJ HSU, SM TI THE TRANSITION FROM MILD TO SEVERE WEAR IN ALUMINA DURING SLIDING SO ACTA METALLURGICA ET MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID GRAIN-SIZE; DEFORMATION AB The occurrence of a wear transition in alumina during sliding has been investigated experimentally. The results show that a transition from initially mild wear to severe wear occurs abruptly, but only after a defined period of initial wear. The time required for this transition increases with decreasing grain size and decreasing applied load. Examination of wear samples revealed that, during the initial stage, surface material is removed by a plastic grooving process and is accompanied by the accumulation of subsurface dislocations arrays and twins. With continued sliding, internal stresses associated with this accumulating damage eventually results in grain boundary cracking and grain pull-out, which leads to the onset of fracture dominated, severe wear. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP CHO, SJ (reprint author), KOREA STAND RES INST, TAEDOK SCI TOWN, TAEJON 305606, SOUTH KOREA. NR 14 TC 92 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-7151 J9 ACTA METALL MATER JI Acta Metall. Mater. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 40 IS 1 BP 185 EP 192 DI 10.1016/0956-7151(92)90212-W PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA GV804 UT WOS:A1992GV80400018 ER PT J AU MATSUKAWA, S MCDONOUGH, W HUNSTON, DL AF MATSUKAWA, S MCDONOUGH, W HUNSTON, DL BE Boerio, FJ TI MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES OF TOUGHENED EPOXIES SO ADHESION SOCIETY PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Annual Meeting of the Adhesion-Society CY FEB 16-19, 1992 CL HILTON HEAD ISL, SC SP ADHES SOC C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ADHESION SOCIETY PI BALTIMORE PA MARTIN MARIETTA LABORATORIES 1450 S ROLLING RD, BALTIMORE, MD 21227 PY 1992 BP 4 EP 4 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BA23L UT WOS:A1992BA23L00002 ER PT J AU JULIENNE, PS SMITH, AM BURNETT, K AF JULIENNE, PS SMITH, AM BURNETT, K TI THEORY OF COLLISIONS BETWEEN LASER COOLED ATOMS SO ADVANCES IN ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID ALKALI RESONANCE LINES; SPIN-EXCHANGE; ASSOCIATIVE IONIZATION; OPTICAL MOLASSES; NEUTRAL ATOMS; SODIUM ATOMS; GROUND-STATE; ULTRACOLD COLLISIONS; RELAXATION RATES; MULTILEVEL ATOMS C1 UNIV OXFORD,DEPT PHYS,CLARENDON LAB,OXFORD,ENGLAND. RP JULIENNE, PS (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD, USA. RI Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 NR 110 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0065-2199 J9 ADV ATOM MOL OPT PHY JI Adv. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PY 1992 VL 30 BP 141 EP 198 DI 10.1016/S1049-250X(08)60175-5 PG 58 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA MG072 UT WOS:A1992MG07200004 ER PT B AU GAYLE, FW TACK, WT HEUBAUM, FH PICKENS, JR AF GAYLE, FW TACK, WT HEUBAUM, FH PICKENS, JR BE Peters, M Winkler, PJ TI HIGH TOUGHNESS, HIGH-STRENGTH ALUMINUM-ALLOY DESIGN AND PRACTICE SO ALUMINIUM-LITHIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6TH INTERNATIONAL ALUMINIUM-LITHIUM CONF CY OCT 07-11, 1991 CL GARMISCH PARTENKIRCHEN, GERMANY C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DGM METALLURGY INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 150 E 27TH ST, #1A, NEW YORK, NY 10016-9049 USA BN 3-88355-180-5 PY 1992 BP 203 EP 208 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BY20C UT WOS:A1992BY20C00029 ER PT J AU RUMBLE, J AF RUMBLE, J TI THE STANDARD REFERENCE DATABASE SO AMERICAN LABORATORY LA English DT Article RP RUMBLE, J (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SCIENTIFIC COMMUN INC PI SHELTON PA PO BOX 870, 30 CONTROLS DRIVE, SHELTON, CT 06484-0870 SN 0044-7749 J9 AM LAB JI Am. Lab. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 24 IS 1 BP 54 EP 55 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA HA741 UT WOS:A1992HA74100010 ER PT J AU CHOQUETTE, SJ LOCASCIOBROWN, L DURST, RA AF CHOQUETTE, SJ LOCASCIOBROWN, L DURST, RA TI PLANAR WAVE-GUIDE IMMUNOSENSOR WITH FLUORESCENT LIPOSOME AMPLIFICATION SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL WAVE-GUIDE; GLASS; SENSORS; SENSITIVITY; FABRICATION; INTERFACE; COUPLERS; EXCHANGE; SURFACE; BINDING AB A regenerable planar waveguide immunosensor for the clinical analyte theophylline has been developed. Regeneration is accomplished under flow conditions using a moderate affinity antibody, and multiple analyses can be performed with a single waveguide sensor. Sensors capable of more than 15 sequential measurements have demonstrated better than 10% precision. The use of theophylline-labeled liposomes in this competitive immunoassay provides 1 order of magnitude greater signal enhancement over theophylline derivatized with fluorescein. RP CHOQUETTE, SJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 36 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 1992 VL 64 IS 1 BP 55 EP 60 DI 10.1021/ac00025a011 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA GY183 UT WOS:A1992GY18300012 ER PT J AU WEETALL, HH GAIGALAS, AK AF WEETALL, HH GAIGALAS, AK TI STUDIES ON ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY REACTIONS USING LIGHT-SCATTERING FROM ANTIGEN COATED COLLOIDAL PARTICLES SO ANALYTICAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE LIGHT-SCATTERING; PHOTON-SCATTERING; ANTIGEN; ANTIBODY; ANTIBODIES; BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN; ANTIBODY KINETICS; AUTOCORRELATION SPECTRUM ID IMMUNOASSAY AB Studies are presented of dynamic light scattering from colloidal suspensions of fractionated ferrofluid particles (40-60 nm average diameter) coated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and subjected to BSA antibodies and soluble BSA in a competitive binding mode. The observed slowly decaying component in the autocorrelation spectrum originates from the motion of BSA coated colloidal particle-antibody aggregates. Measurements of antigen-antibody kinetics and soluble BSA dose response suggest that the BSA coated particles behave as "large" antigen molecules. RP WEETALL, HH (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0003-2719 J9 ANAL LETT JI Anal. Lett. PY 1992 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1039 EP 1053 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA HZ202 UT WOS:A1992HZ20200006 ER PT J AU WESSMAN, CA AF WESSMAN, CA TI SPATIAL SCALES AND GLOBAL CHANGE - BRIDGING THE GAP FROM PLOTS TO GCM GRID CELLS SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY AND SYSTEMATICS LA English DT Review DE SCALING; EXTRAPOLATION; REMOTE SENSING; SPATIAL MODELING; ATMOSPHERE-BIOSPHERE INTERACTIONS ID INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; LEAF-AREA INDEX; HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; SATELLITE DATA; THEMATIC MAPPER; VEGETATION INDEXES; LAND-COVER; MONITORING VEGETATION; LINEAR COMBINATIONS; CANOPY REFLECTANCE C1 UNIV COLORADO, NOAA, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, DEPT ENVIRONM POPULAT & ORGANISM BIOL, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP WESSMAN, CA (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO, NOAA, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NR 154 TC 65 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 2 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4162 J9 ANNU REV ECOL SYST JI Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. PY 1992 VL 23 BP 175 EP 200 DI 10.1146/annurev.es.23.110192.001135 PG 26 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA JZ281 UT WOS:A1992JZ28100008 ER PT J AU HAN, CC AKCASU, AZ AF HAN, CC AKCASU, AZ TI PHASE-DECOMPOSITION IN POLYMERS SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE SPINODEL DECOMPOSITION; TIME-RESOLVED SMALL ANGLE NEUTRON AND LIGHT SCATTERING; PHASE BEHAVIOR OF POLYMER MIXTURES; POLYMER BLENDS; NONLINEAR BEHAVIOR IN PHASE SEPARATION KINETICS ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; STAGE SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION; BINARY-LIQUID MIXTURES; INTEGRAL-EQUATION THEORY; POLYVINYL METHYL-ETHER) BLENDS; SHEAR-INDUCED HOMOGENIZATION; RESOLVED LIGHT-SCATTERING; HOMOGENEOUS MELT STATE; 2 MOLTEN POLYMERS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT NUCL ENGN,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. RP HAN, CC (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 142 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 12 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0066-426X J9 ANNU REV PHYS CHEM JI Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. PY 1992 VL 43 BP 61 EP 90 DI 10.1146/annurev.physchem.43.1.61 PG 30 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA JZ284 UT WOS:A1992JZ28400003 ER PT J AU HUTCHINSON, JMR CESSNA, J COLLE, R HODGE, PA AF HUTCHINSON, JMR CESSNA, J COLLE, R HODGE, PA TI AN INTERNATIONAL RADON-IN-AIR MEASUREMENT INTERCOMPARISON USING A NEW TRANSFER STANDARD SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON LOW-LEVEL-RADIOACTIVITY MEASURING TECHNIQUES AND ALPHA-PARTICLE SPECTROMETRY CY JUN 04-07, 1991 CL MONACO SP INT COMM RADIONUCLIDE METROL AB A new secondary measuring system for Rn-222-in-air that can be used as a very efficacious transfer calibration standard for measurement intercomparisons between laboratories has been developed and extensively tested. The system is based on measurements of the photon emission rate of radon samples contained in spherical 35-mL glass ampoules with a NaI(TI) well counter. The system is calibrated against the NIST pulse-ionization-chamber (PIC) national randon measuring system, and has an overall uncertainty of approximately 2 percent. An international intercomparison of 11 laboratories, including NIST, using this system was performed. RP HUTCHINSON, JMR (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 3 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 43 IS 1-2 BP 175 EP 189 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA GV625 UT WOS:A1992GV62500022 ER PT J AU LINDSTROM, RM AF LINDSTROM, RM TI HIGH-SENSITIVITY GAMMA-RAY COUNTING IN ACTIVATION-ANALYSIS SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON LOW-LEVEL-RADIOACTIVITY MEASURING TECHNIQUES AND ALPHA-PARTICLE SPECTROMETRY CY JUN 04-07, 1991 CL MONACO SP INT COMM RADIONUCLIDE METROL AB In activation analysis, optimizing counting conditions can generally improve precision or increase the number of samples that can be counted, or both. Much is gained in sensitivity by using high-efficiency detectors. With care in selection of detector and shield materials, the only important source of environmental gamma-ray background is the interactions of cosmic-ray particles with the shield and the detector itself. Application of Cooper's criterion to two excellent modern detectors shows that for the ultimate sensitivity in quantitating a simple spectrum, high efficiency overwhelms good resolution, low background, or any other criterion of detector quality in the choice of detectors for a given measurement. In practice, the choice is not so simple when summing corrections are large, when multiplets are present which the detector cannot fully resolve, when the total count rate is high, when background peaks (not continuum) are important, when positioning uncertainty limits the accuracy, or when requirements of sample shape dictate the counting configuration. RP LINDSTROM, RM (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV INORGAN ANALYT RES,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 43 IS 1-2 BP 263 EP 269 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA GV625 UT WOS:A1992GV62500030 ER PT B AU BURCH, DM SEEM, JE WALTON, GN LICITRA, BA AF BURCH, DM SEEM, JE WALTON, GN LICITRA, BA BE Geshwiler, M TI DYNAMIC EVALUATION OF THERMAL BRIDGES IN A TYPICAL OFFICE BUILDING SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS, 1992, VOL 98, PT 1 SE ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Technical and Symposium Papers of the 1992 Winter Meeting of the American-Society-of-Heating-Refrigerating-and-Air-Conditioning-Engineers -Incorporated CY JAN 25-29, 1992 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING & AIR CONDITIONING ENGINEERS INC C1 US DEPT COMMERCE,NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 1992 VL 98 BP 291 EP 304 PN 1 PG 14 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA BA61J UT WOS:A1992BA61J00031 ER PT B AU FANNEY, AH DOUGHERTY, BP AF FANNEY, AH DOUGHERTY, BP BE Geshwiler, M TI PERFORMANCE OF A RESIDENTIAL DESUPERHEATER SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS, 1992, VOL 98, PT 1 SE ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Technical and Symposium Papers of the 1992 Winter Meeting of the American-Society-of-Heating-Refrigerating-and-Air-Conditioning-Engineers -Incorporated CY JAN 25-29, 1992 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING & AIR CONDITIONING ENGINEERS INC C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,HEAT TRANSFER GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 1992 VL 98 BP 489 EP 499 PN 1 PG 11 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA BA61J UT WOS:A1992BA61J00046 ER PT J AU BRUNO, TJ AF BRUNO, TJ BE Geshwiler, M TI CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS PROTOCOL FOR ALTERNATIVE REFRIGERANTS .1. SPECTROSCOPIC METHODS SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 1992, VOL 98, PT 2 SE ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Heating-Refrigerating-and-Air-Conditioning-Engineers -Incorporated CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 1992 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING & AIR CONDITIONING ENGINEERS INC C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,BOULDER,CO. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 1992 VL 98 BP 204 EP 209 PN 2 PG 6 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA BA39F UT WOS:A1992BA39F00022 ER PT J AU BRUNO, TJ AF BRUNO, TJ BE Geshwiler, M TI CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS PROTOCOL FOR ALTERNATIVE REFRIGERANTS .2. SEPARATION METHODS SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 1992, VOL 98, PT 2 SE ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Heating-Refrigerating-and-Air-Conditioning-Engineers -Incorporated CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 1992 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING & AIR CONDITIONING ENGINEERS INC C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 1992 VL 98 BP 210 EP 215 PN 2 PG 6 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA BA39F UT WOS:A1992BA39F00023 ER PT B AU RICHARDS, RF BURCH, DM THOMAS, WC AF RICHARDS, RF BURCH, DM THOMAS, WC BE Geshwiler, M TI WATER-VAPOR SORPTION MEASUREMENTS OF COMMON BUILDING-MATERIALS SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 1992, VOL 98, PT 2 SE ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Heating-Refrigerating-and-Air-Conditioning-Engineers -Incorporated CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 1992 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING & AIR CONDITIONING ENGINEERS INC C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,HEAT TRANSFER GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD. NR 0 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 1992 VL 98 BP 475 EP 485 PN 2 PG 11 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA BA39F UT WOS:A1992BA39F00049 ER PT B AU BURCH, DM THOMAS, WC FANNEY, AH AF BURCH, DM THOMAS, WC FANNEY, AH BE Geshwiler, M TI WATER-VAPOR PERMEABILITY MEASUREMENTS OF COMMON BUILDING-MATERIALS SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 1992, VOL 98, PT 2 SE ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Heating-Refrigerating-and-Air-Conditioning-Engineers -Incorporated CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 1992 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING & AIR CONDITIONING ENGINEERS INC C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,HEAT TRANSFER GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD. NR 0 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 1992 VL 98 BP 486 EP 494 PN 2 PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA BA39F UT WOS:A1992BA39F00050 ER PT J AU ROLPH, GD DRAXLER, RR DEPENA, RG AF ROLPH, GD DRAXLER, RR DEPENA, RG TI MODELING SULFUR CONCENTRATIONS AND DEPOSITIONS IN THE UNITED-STATES DURING ANATEX SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Article DE SULFUR WET DEPOSITION; ANATEX; TRAJECTORIES; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; ACID RAIN ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; TRANSPORT; OXIDATION; DISPERSION; KINETICS; DIOXIDE AB The Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HY-SPLIT) long-range transport, personal-computer-based model was incorporated with a non-linear chemistry module that includes gas- and aqueous-phase oxidation of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and dry and wet removal of SO2 and sulfate (SO4(2-)) particles. The model considers multiple area and point sources (approximately 500) and calculates simultaneously 24-h averages of several species: air concentrations of SO2 and SO4(2-) particles and SO4(2-) wet deposition on each grid cell of the meteorological domain. Three-month averages of modeled air concentrations of SO2 and SO4(2-) were compared with measurements from five National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Air Resources Laboratory dry deposition sites. The model tended to underpredict air concentrations of SO2 (ratios of model-predicted to measured concentrations between 0.6 and 1.2) and overpredict air concentrations of SO4(2-) (ratios between 1.0 and 1.6). Modeled SO4(2-) wet deposition values were calculated, averaged for the 3 months, and compared with the measured values at 137 combined UAPSP, MAP3S, and NADP precipitation chemistry sites. For the majority of these sites, the agreement was good; the ratios between modeled and measured depositions were between 0.5 and 1.6. However, a consistent underprediction was observed across the southern and extreme eastern U.S. This underprediction was primarily attributed to the proximity of the edge of the model domain to the eastern and southern U.S., which caused trajectories from the continent that would have curved back into the south-eastern U.S. to terminate prematurely. When SO2 emissions were reduced by 50% over the entire model domain, approximately 50-55% reductions were observed in SO2 air concentrations over the entire model domain and at all levels. However, sulfate air concentrations and depositions were only reduced 35-50% due to non-linear reactions involving SO2. When emissions of SO2 were reduced by 50% only in the Ohio Valley, reductions in SO2 and SO4(2-) air concentrations to the north and south of the Ohio Valley were generally less than 15%. These small reductions are attributed to local emissions of SO2 and long-range transport of SO4(2-) from other regions not affected by the reduction in emissions. SO4(2-) wet deposition, however, was reduced by 15-23% to the north of the Ohio Valley, indicating some long-range transport from the Ohio Valley. In the Ohio Valley, reductions of SO2 air concentrations were between 10 and 42%, depending on the proximity to major sources, and reductions of SO4(2-) air concentrations were between 10 and 30%. However, SO4(2-) wet deposition was reduced less than 10%, consistent with the assumption that its primary contribution is from long-range transport. C1 NATL RES COUNCIL ASSOCIATESHIP,STATE COLL,PA. RP ROLPH, GD (reprint author), NOAA,AIR RESOURCES LAB,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. RI Rolph, Glenn/P-6860-2015 NR 36 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PY 1992 VL 26 IS 1 BP 73 EP 93 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(92)90262-J PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GP343 UT WOS:A1992GP34300007 ER PT J AU ENDERS, G DLUGI, R STEINBRECHER, R CLEMENT, B DAIBER, R VONEIJK, J GAB, S HAZIZA, M HELAS, G HERRMANN, U KESSEL, M KESSELMEIER, J KOTZIAS, D KOURTIDIS, K KURTH, HH MCMILLEN, RT ROIDER, G SCHURMANN, W TEICHMANN, U TORRES, L AF ENDERS, G DLUGI, R STEINBRECHER, R CLEMENT, B DAIBER, R VONEIJK, J GAB, S HAZIZA, M HELAS, G HERRMANN, U KESSEL, M KESSELMEIER, J KOTZIAS, D KOURTIDIS, K KURTH, HH MCMILLEN, RT ROIDER, G SCHURMANN, W TEICHMANN, U TORRES, L TI BIOSPHERE ATMOSPHERE INTERACTIONS - INTEGRATED RESEARCH IN A EUROPEAN CONIFEROUS FOREST ECOSYSTEM SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Article DE FOREST ATMOSPHERE INTERACTIONS; INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; ORGANIC AND INORGANIC COMPOUNDS; SCHACHTENAU, GERMANY ID GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; PEROXYACETYL NITRATE PAN; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; NATURAL HYDROCARBONS; DRY DEPOSITION; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; OZONE; ACID; MECHANISMS; OXIDATION AB For the determination of regionally averaged fluxes and budgets of atmospheric trace constituents, the ultimate goal of the European Environment Research Program EUROTRAC, several ecosystems must be investigated, each representative of larger areas. One of the most wide-spread vegetation types is the coniferous forest, in which several compartments exist such as soil, trunk space, canopy and 'free' atmosphere above, which differ considerably in biology, chemistry and meterology, but interact strongly by feedback processes caused by turbulent mixing and chemical reactions. To understand forest/atmosphere relations in detail, measurements are needed which provide concentration, emission and deposition data of various chemical compounds as well as micrometeorological quantities. These measurements have to be carried out simultaneously in all storeys of a forest over extended periods and must be highly resolved with respect to time and space. In a first step detailed small-scale studies must be performed. This paper describes the scientific approach for integrated multi-disciplinary studies at Schachtenau, a research site in Central Europe's largest continuous forest, and presents first results from joint experiments. C1 UNIV MUNICH,INST METEOROL,W-8000 MUNICH 2,GERMANY. FRAUNHOFER INST ATMOSPHAR UMWELTFORSCH,GARMISCH PARTENKIR,GERMANY. INST NATL POLYTECH TOULOUSE,TOULOUSE,FRANCE. JOINT RES CTR EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,ISPRA,ITALY. GSF FORSCH ZENTRUM UMWELT & GESUNDHEIT,MUNICH,GERMANY. MAX PLANCK INST CHEM,W-6500 MAINZ,GERMANY. UNIV FRANKFURT,ZENTRUM UMWELT FORSCH,W-6000 FRANKFURT 1,GERMANY. MAX PLANCK INST AERON,LINDAU,GERMANY. NOAA,DIV ATMOSPHER TURBULENCE & DIFFUS,OAK RIDGE,TN. TECH UNIV MUNICH,LEHRSTUHL BOT,W-8000 MUNICH 2,GERMANY. RP ENDERS, G (reprint author), UNIV MUNICH,LEHRSTUHL BIOKUMATOL & ANGEW METEOROL,W-8000 MUNICH 2,GERMANY. RI Steinbrecher, Rainer/A-7414-2013; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; Kesselmeier, Jurgen/E-2389-2016 OI Kesselmeier, Jurgen/0000-0002-4446-534X NR 53 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PY 1992 VL 26 IS 1 BP 171 EP 189 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(92)90269-Q PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GP343 UT WOS:A1992GP34300014 ER PT J AU WHITTLESTONE, S ROBINSON, E RYAN, S AF WHITTLESTONE, S ROBINSON, E RYAN, S TI RADON AT THE MAUNA-LOA OBSERVATORY - TRANSPORT FROM DISTANT CONTINENTS SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Article DE RADON; TRACERS; LONG-RANGE ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; CONDENSATION NUCLEI; FREE TROPOSPHERE; BASE-LINE ID HAWAII; AEROSOLS; RN-222; OCEAN AB Continuous measurements of radon have been made at an altitude of 3400 m at the Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii. Concentrations ranged from about 20 to more than 700 mBq m-3. These were similar to values at remote Macquarie I., some 2000 km south of Australia in the Southern Ocean. At Mauna Loa, the radon concentrations could usually be separated into free tropospheric and island influenced categories on the basis of local meteorological observations. On one occasion a long range transport event from Asia brought relatively high radon concentrations to Mauna Loa and persisted for several days. The Asian origin of this event was supported by wind trajectories. This measurement program demonstrates the value of radon data in evaluating air transport models and the influence of transport from distant continents on baseline atmospheric measurements. C1 NOAA,CMDL,MAUNA LOA OBSERV,HILO,HI 96721. RP WHITTLESTONE, S (reprint author), AUSTRALIAN NUCL SCI & TECHNOL ORG,PMB 1,MENAI,NSW 2037,AUSTRALIA. NR 22 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PY 1992 VL 26 IS 2 BP 251 EP 260 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(92)90307-7 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GR453 UT WOS:A1992GR45300007 ER PT J AU TANGIRALA, RS RAO, KS HOSKER, RP AF TANGIRALA, RS RAO, KS HOSKER, RP TI A PUFF MODEL SIMULATION OF TRACER CONCENTRATIONS IN THE NOCTURNAL DRAINAGE FLOW IN A DEEP VALLEY SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Article DE AIR QUALITY MODELING; COMPLEX TERRAIN; VALLEY DRAINAGE FLOWS; ASCOT TRACER DATA; GAUSSIAN PUFF MODEL SIMULATIONS; MODEL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION; CONFIDENCE INTERVALS; JACKKNIFE RESAMPLING ID DISPERSION; DIFFUSION; SCHEMES AB During the 1984 ASCOT field study in Brush Creek, CO, two gaseous tracers were released into valley drainage flow at different heights at the same site on 5 nights. This paper describes simulations of surface concentration data from two tracer experiments, one elevated release and one surface release, which complement those reported by Rao et al. (1989, J. appl. Met. 28, 609-616). The integrated Gaussian puff model adapted by them has been improved and used for these new simulations. The improved model, VALPUFF, affords a physically realistic simulation of the mean transport for elevated plumes under highly variable emission conditions. The model simulations are evaluated by comparing predicted hourly concentrations with the corresponding observed values at 51 surface samplers. For the elevated release case, the observed mean concentration is 28 pl l-1, and the predicted mean is 31 pl l-1. Almost 85% of predictions are within a factor of 5 of observations, and 50% within a factor of 2. For the ground release case, the observed and predicted means are 128 and 183 pl l-1, respectively. About 53% of predictions are within a factor of 5 of observations, and 23% within a factor of 2. The effects of varying wind field inputs and turbulence parameterizations on model performance are tested using several variations of the VALPUFF model. Cumulative frequency distributions of the ratio of modeled and observed hourly concentrations, and other evaluation statistics, are presented for each model. Applying resampling methods, 95% confidence intervals for fractional mean bias and normalized mean square error are calculated for the predictions of each model and for differences between the predictions of various models. It is shown that the VALPUFF model that uses vertically-averaged winds (for elevated releases) and dispersion parameters based on on-site turbulence data gives the best overall performance. C1 NOAA,ARL,DIV ATMOSPHER TURBULENCE & DIFFUS,POB 2456,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PY 1992 VL 26 IS 2 BP 299 EP 309 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(92)90311-8 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GR453 UT WOS:A1992GR45300011 ER PT J AU CASEY, JG KOHLER, NE AF CASEY, JG KOHLER, NE TI TAGGING STUDIES ON THE SHORTFIN MAKO SHARK (ISURUS-OXYRINCHUS) IN THE WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON SHARKS DOWN UNDER CY FEB 25-27, 1991 CL TARONGA ZOO, MOSMAN, AUSTRALIA HO TARONGA ZOO DE MIGRATION; WATER TEMPERATURE AB Results of an ongoing Cooperative Shark Tagging Program conducted by the National Marine Fisheries Service (USA) are described. In all, 2459 shortfin mako sharks (Isurus oxyrinchus) were tagged off the Atlantic coast of North America and in the Gulf of Mexico in the 28-year period between 1962 and 1989. The sharks were tagged by volunteer fishers, scientists aboard research vessels, and US Foreign Fisheries Observers on foreign vessels fishing in US waters. Altogether, 231 recaptures (9.4% of releases) of these tagged sharks have been reported by fishers from 16 countries. The maximum time at liberty is 8.2 years, and the maximum straight-line distance between tag and recapture localities is 2452 nautical miles. One tag was recovered from the European side of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Mako shark distribution and migratory patterns in relation to water temperature are discussed for the western North Atlantic. RP CASEY, JG (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES CTR,NARRAGANSETT LAB,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882, USA. NR 29 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 7 U2 26 PU C S I R O PUBLICATIONS PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0067-1940 J9 AUST J MAR FRESH RES PY 1992 VL 43 IS 1 BP 45 EP 60 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA HX193 UT WOS:A1992HX19300005 ER PT J AU KIMURA, DK LYONS, JJ MACLELLAN, SE GOETZ, BJ AF KIMURA, DK LYONS, JJ MACLELLAN, SE GOETZ, BJ TI EFFECTS OF YEAR-CLASS STRENGTH ON AGE-DETERMINATION SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Little has been done to assess factors that can affect precision and accuracy in the fish age determination process. In this study, we examine how the presence of strong year-classes (i.e. foreknowledge of these year-classes) can affect the ages that are generated. It has been suggested recently that reader precision (i.e. reader repeatability) places limits on the accuracy of ages and that reader awareness of year-classes could both increase estimated precision and exaggerate the strength of strong year-classes beyond that which could be expected considering reader repeatability. That is, if reader repeatability was 60% at a given age, then a maximum of 60% of any strong year-class of that age could be expected to be aged correctly. However, consciously or subconsciously, age readers can be expected to tend to age toward strong year-classes. In order to examine these hypotheses, an otolith test sample was constructed for walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) by combining samples that were collected in 3 adjacent years and that were known to include the strong 1978 year-class. Thus, the test sample gave the appearance of consisting of three neighbouring age-classes in nearly equal numbers. The age readers involved in this study had results that were better than might be expected, maintaining their reader precision even with this difficult sample. However, the results also appear to indicate that the 'dominant' year-class was spread to other ages in comparison with ages obtained when the age readers were aware of the strong year-class. C1 FISHERIES & OCEANS CANADA,PACIFIC BIOL STN,NANAIMO V9R 5K6,BC,CANADA. RP KIMURA, DK (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,BLDG 4,BIN C15700,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU C S I R O PUBLICATIONS PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0067-1940 J9 AUST J MAR FRESH RES PY 1992 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1221 EP 1228 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA KU729 UT WOS:A1992KU72900024 ER PT B AU MCCURLEY, MF SEITZ, WR AF MCCURLEY, MF SEITZ, WR BE EDELMAN, PG WANG, J TI SWELLING OF A POLYMER MEMBRANE FOR USE IN A GLUCOSE BIOSENSOR SO BIOSENSORS AND CHEMICAL SENSORS: OPTIMIZING PERFORMANCE THROUGH POLYMERIC MATERIALS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review CT SYMP ON BIOSENSORS AND CHEMICAL SENSORS : OPTIMIZING PERFORMANCE THROUGH POLMERIC MATERIALS, AT THE 201ST NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC CY APR 14-19, 1991 CL ATLANTA, GA SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV POLYM MAT SCI & ENGN, AMER CHEM SOC, DIV ANALYT CHEM ID GELS RP MCCURLEY, MF (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20879, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-2218-5 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1992 VL 487 BP 301 EP 309 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Engineering; Polymer Science GA BV74D UT WOS:A1992BV74D00025 ER PT J AU GRECO, S ULANSKI, S GARSTANG, M HOUSTON, S AF GRECO, S ULANSKI, S GARSTANG, M HOUSTON, S TI LOW-LEVEL NOCTURNAL WIND MAXIMUM OVER THE CENTRAL AMAZON BASIN SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; TROPOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; SOUTH-AMERICA; JET AB A low-level nocturnal wind maximum is shown to exist over extensive and nearly undisturbed rainforest near the central Amazon city of Manaus. Analysis of meteorological data collected during the 1985 and 1987 Amazon Boundary Layer Experiments (ABLE 2A and 2B) indicates the presence of this nocturnal wind maximum during both the wet and dry seasons of the Central Amazon Basin. Daytime wind speeds which are characteristically 3-7 m s-1 between 300 and 1000 m increase to 10-15 m s-1 shortly after sunset. The wind speed maximum is reached in the early evening, with wind speeds remaining high until several hours after sunrise. The nocturnal wind maximum is closely linked to a strong low-level inversion formed by radiational cooling of the rainforest canopy. The night-time inversion extends up to 300 m with strong vertical shear of the horizontal wind below the inversion top and uniformly strong horizontal winds above the inversion top. Frictional decoupling of the air above the inversion from the rough forest below, however, is responsible for only part of the observed increase. Surface and low-level pressure gradients between the undisturbed forest and the large Amazon river system and the city of Manaus are shown to be responsible for much of the nocturnal wind increase. The pressure gradients are interpreted as a function of the thermal differences between undisturbed forest and the river/city. The importance of both the frictional decoupling and the horizontal pressure gradient suggest that the nocturnal wind maximum does not occur uniformly over all Amazonia. We suspect that stronger low-level winds are pervasive under clear skies and strong surface cooling and that, in many places (i.e., near rivers), local pressure gradients enhance the low-level nocturnal winds. C1 NOAA,DIV HURRICANE RES,MIAMI,FL 33149. JAMES MADISON UNIV,DEPT GEOL & GEOG,HARRISONBURG,VA 22807. RP GRECO, S (reprint author), UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903, USA. NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 58 IS 1-2 BP 91 EP 115 DI 10.1007/BF00120753 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HA347 UT WOS:A1992HA34700006 ER PT J AU VAUGHAN, DS HUNTSMAN, GR MANOOCH, CS ROHDE, FC ULRICH, GF AF VAUGHAN, DS HUNTSMAN, GR MANOOCH, CS ROHDE, FC ULRICH, GF TI POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RED PORGY, PAGRUS-PAGRUS, STOCK OFF THE CAROLINAS SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID REEF FISHES; AGE AB Using recorded and estimated landings and size frequencies of fish from commercial, headboat, private recreational and charter boat fisheries from 1972-1986, we examined the age structure and population size of the stock of red porgy, Pagrus pagrus, off the coast of North and South Carolina. Combining annual age-length keys with length-frequency distributions, annual landings in numbers at age are estimated. Virtual population analysis (VPA) is applied to these data to estimate annual, age-specific population sizes and fishing mortality rates for three levels of natural mortality (M = 0.20, 0.28, and 0.35). On average 3% to 6% of the population (ages 1 and older) was landed annually from 1972-1978 compared to 16% to 23% from 1982-1986. Eleven to 21% of fully recruited red porgy (ages 5 and older) were landed annually from 1972-1978 compared to 40% to 50% from 1982-1986. For the intermediate level of natural mortality (M = 0.28), estimated population size in biomass declined from 2.6 million kg in 1978 to 0.6 million kg in 1986. Spawning stock (ages 2-10) in biomass ranged between 0.5 million kg in 1986 and 1.5 million kg in 1977. Recruitment to age 1 in numbers ranged from 0.6 million in 1986 (from the 1985 spawning stock) to 2.2 million in 1973 (from the 1972 spawning stocks, respectively). For the low exploitation period (1972-1978), spawning stock biomass declined to 69% to 86% of unexploited spawning stock (F = 0); while for the high exploitation period (1982-1986), spawning stock biomass declined to 38% to 53% of unexploited spawning stock. Between these two exploitation regimes, spawning stock biomass for the high exploitation period was reduced to 55% to 62% of the spawning stock biomass for the earlier low exploitation period. Yield per recruit based on age-specific fishing mortality rates increased by about 53% from 121.1 g for the low exploitation period to 184.8 g for the high exploitation period. Because age-specific fishing mortality rates (F(i), ages 1-9) increased by a factor of 3.7, most of the gains available by increasing F have been taken. With proportionately greater increases in F(i) incurred by younger age classes (ages 1-4) between 1972-1978 and 1982-1986, small gains in yield per recruit may now be obtained by raising age-at-entry to the fishery above the current age-1. C1 N CAROLINA DEPT NAT RESOURCES & COMMUNITY DEV,DIV MARINE FISHERIES,WILMINGTON,NC 28403. S CAROLINA MARINE RESOURCES RES INST,CHARLESTON,SC 29412. RP VAUGHAN, DS (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES CTR,BEAUFORT LAB,BEAUFORT,NC 28516, USA. NR 30 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 50 IS 1 BP 1 EP 20 PG 20 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA HP379 UT WOS:A1992HP37900001 ER PT J AU SHERIDAN, PF AF SHERIDAN, PF TI COMPARATIVE HABITAT UTILIZATION BY ESTUARINE MACROFAUNA WITHIN THE MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM OF ROOKERY BAY, FLORIDA SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE BROWN SHRIMP; PENAEUS-AZTECUS; SPECIES COMPOSITION; SEAGRASS MEADOWS; NORTHWESTERN AUSTRALIA; SEASONAL FLUCTUATIONS; NEARSHORE HABITATS; TROPICAL AUSTRALIA; SALT-MARSH; COMMUNITIES AB Abundance and biomass of juvenile and adult decapods and fishes in adjacent intertidal mangrove, seagrass, and open water habitats were compared using a quantitative drop sampler. Replicate samples were taken in each habitat in July, September and December 1988 and April 1989. Over all samples, fish densities were higher in non-vegetated, open waters (74% of the total caught) than in flooded red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) prop roots or mixed seagrass beds (13% each). Spotfin mojarra (Eucinostomus argenteus) was the dominant fish collected among prop roots, yellowfin menhaden (Brevoortia smithi), scaled sardine (Harengula jaguana), and striped anchovy (Anchoa hepsetus) were most abundant in open waters, and bay anchovy (A. mitchilli) dominated the catch over seagrasses, although there were seasonal changes in dominant species. Shrimp densities were higher in seagrass habitats (74% of the total captured) than in open waters (22%) or among mangrove prop roots (4%). Habitat dominants were longtail grass shrimp (Periclimenes longicaudatus) and pink shrimp (Penaeus duorarum) in seagrasses, American grass shrimp (P. americanus) in open waters, and Florida grass shrimp (Palaemon floridanus) among mangrove prop roots. Over all samples, crab densities were higher in seagrass habitats (47% of those collected) than in open waters (33%) or mangroves (20%). Habitat dominants were blue crab (Callinectes sapidus), iridescent swimming crab (Portunus gibbesii), and redhair swimming crab (Portunus ordwayi) among seagrasses, green porcelain crab (Petrolisthes armatus) and flatback mud crab (Eurypanopeus depressus) in open waters, and broadback mud crab (Eurytium limosum) in flooded mangroves. On a monthly basis, among-habitat differences in density or biomass of major taxa did not exhibit any patterns, with the exception of shrimp which were always significantly more numerous in seagrasses than in one or both alternate habitats. Flooded red mangroves were, at times, utilized by both resident and transient fishes and crabs (but not by shrimps) at densities similar to those in seagrasses and open waters. RP SHERIDAN, PF (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES CTR,4700 AVE U,GALVESTON,TX 77551, USA. NR 56 TC 68 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 18 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 50 IS 1 BP 21 EP 39 PG 19 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA HP379 UT WOS:A1992HP37900002 ER PT J AU POWELL, AB TUCKER, JW AF POWELL, AB TUCKER, JW TI EGG AND LARVAL DEVELOPMENT OF LABORATORY-REARED NASSAU GROUPER, EPINEPHELUS-STRIATUS (PISCES, SERRANIDAE) SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FISHES AB Egg and larval development of the Nassau grouper, Epinephelus striatus, is described from laboratory-reared specimens. Egg diameters averaged 0.92 mm (0.86-0.97 mm), and those of the single oil globule averaged 0.24 mm (0.20-0.26 mm). No pigmentation was discernible on embryos. Newly hatched larvae measured 1.7-1.8 mm notochord length, and were inconspicuously pigmented. A characteristic pigment pattern that persists during larval development first appeared on late yolk-sac larvae-a mass of pigment on the ventral midline and lateral surface of the caudal peduncle, and on the dorsal and lateral surface of the gut. The enlarged, serrated, second first-dorsal-fin and pelvic spines that are characteristic of epinephelin larvae formed very early in the preflexion stage, but spinelets were not well developed until postflexion. The adult complement of dorsal-fin and anal-fin spines and rays was first observed on specimens approximately 6.8 mm standard length (SL) based on pterygiophores to obtain counts. But the appearance of bony stays, which signified completion of the dorsal and anal fins was not complete until 7.4 mm and 7.0 mm SL, respectively. Separation of preflexion and flexion E. striatus from all other epinephelin groupers does not appear possible until comparative studies of pigment patterns, second-dorsal-fin pterygiophore patterns, ceratobranchial gill raker counts, and spinelet development can be done. E. striatus postflexion larvae longer than 7.4 mm SL can be separated from all other epinephelin larvae except E. adscensionis on the basis of dorsal and anal fin ray counts, spinelet configuration, second first-dorsal-fin spine length relative to standard length, and capture location. C1 HARBOR BRANCH OCEANOG INST INC,FT PIERCE,FL 34946. RP POWELL, AB (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES CTR,BEAUFORT LAB,BEAUFORT,NC 28516, USA. NR 24 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 5 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 50 IS 1 BP 171 EP 185 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA HP379 UT WOS:A1992HP37900014 ER PT J AU BALSLEY, BB WILLIAMS, JB TYRRELL, GW BALSLEY, CL AF BALSLEY, BB WILLIAMS, JB TYRRELL, GW BALSLEY, CL TI ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH USING KITES - HERE WE GO AGAIN SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB A recent campaign on Christmas Island in the equatorial Pacific has demonstrated that, at least under some conditions, simple and relatively inexpensive kites can serve as effective platforms for continuous monitoring of the free atmosphere. Individual flights can be anticipated to last for periods of weeks and possibly months. Our results can be considered as a renewal and extension of kite-borne atmospheric research-a technique that was used extensively around the turn of the century, but which has languished in relative obscurity for the past 50 years. In the experiment described herein, we have flown kites to altitudes up to 3.5 km, and have maintained them aloft with ease for the four-day duration of the experiment. In addition, we outline the general capabilities and limitations of state-of-the-art kite platforms, and show that, under some conditions, such systems can be expected to attain much higher altitudes and remain aloft for much longer periods. We also outline the potential for using kites as long-term monitoring platforms for temperature, radiation, ozone, water vapor, ice crystal structure, atmospheric electric fields, and myriad other variables, and show that such measurements are both theoretically possible and practically feasible, at least under some restrictive conditions. C1 MODELSYM INC,DOYLESTOWN,PA 18901. RP BALSLEY, BB (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,CAMPUS BOX 216,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 9 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 73 IS 1 BP 17 EP 29 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1992)073<0017:ARUKHW>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HA688 UT WOS:A1992HA68800002 ER PT J AU SKRTIC, D EANES, ED AF SKRTIC, D EANES, ED TI EFFECT OF MEMBRANE CHOLESTEROL ON CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE FORMATION IN AQUEOUS SUSPENSIONS OF ANIONIC LIPOSOMES SO CALCIFIED TISSUE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE CALCIUM PHOSPHATES; LIPOSOMES; CHOLESTEROL; MATRIX VESICLES ID MATRIX VESICLES; EPIPHYSEAL CARTILAGE; MULTILAMELLAR LIPOSOMES; PHOSPHOLIPID-VESICLES AB The present study examined the effect of membrane cholesterol on liposome-mediated calcium phosphate precipitation in metastable aqueous solutions (2.25 mM Ca2+ and 1.5 mM inorganic phosphate) at 22-degrees-C, pH 7.4 and 240 mOsm. The liposomes were prepared from 7:2:X molar mixtures of phosphatidylcholine, dicetylphosphate, and cholesterol (x = 0, 1, 5, or 9) and contained either 0 or 50 mM encapsulated phosphate. The membranes were made permeable to Ca2+ by addition of the cationophore, X-537A. Changes in external Ca2+ concentration were used as the principal monitor of the course of precipitation. Without encapsulated phosphate, 7:2:X liposomes (with or without ionophore) induced no precipitation. With 50 mM encapsulated phosphate and in the presence of ionophore, precipitation significantly depended on the cholesterol level in the membrane. At 0 and 10 mole% cholesterol, precipitate developed rapidly both within and outside the liposomes. At 35 and 50 mole% cholesterol, no observable intraliposomal precipitation occurred, and extraliposomal precipitation started only after an induction period of 24 hours. Delayed extraliposomal precipitation also took place in PO4-containing liposomes without added ionophore. In this latter case, however, cholesterol was essential for this precipitation to occur with the optimum level being around 10 mole%. Suppression of ionophore-mediated intraliposomal precipitation at higher cholesterol levels could be related to the inflexible cholesterol molecules making the membrane more rigid, thereby restricting Ca-ionophore transport. This restriction could be reversed with ethanol. Delayed extraliposomal precipitation in the absence of added ionophore (or at higher cholesterol levels in its presence) could be explained by seeding from low, unobserved levels of intraliposomal precipitate formed during slow, unfacilitated Ca2+ leakage into the liposomal interior. C1 NIST,NIDR,BONE RES BRANCH,RES ASSOCIATE PROGRAM,BLDG 224,ROOM A143,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0171-967X J9 CALCIFIED TISSUE INT JI Calcif. Tissue Int. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 50 IS 1 BP 55 EP 60 DI 10.1007/BF00297298 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA GV959 UT WOS:A1992GV95900012 PM 1739872 ER PT J AU JAFARABAD, KR SAWANT, SB JOSHI, JB SIKDAR, SK AF JAFARABAD, KR SAWANT, SB JOSHI, JB SIKDAR, SK TI ENZYME AND PROTEIN MASS-TRANSFER COEFFICIENT IN AQUEOUS 2-PHASE SYSTEMS .1. SPRAY EXTRACTION COLUMNS SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Fractional dispersed phase hold-up and dispersed side mass transfer coefficients for bovine serum albumin (BSA) and amyloglucosidase were measured in 22, 34, 50, 56, 70 and 95 mm i.d. spray columns using salt-polyethylene glycol (potassium phosphate-PEG and sodium sulphate-PEG) systems. The effect of distributor design and column height were investigated. The effect of phase compositions of the aqueous phase system was also studied. Empirical and semi-empirical correlations have been developed for fractional dispersed phase hold-up and dispersed side mass transfer coefficients. C1 UNIV BOMBAY,DEPT CHEM TECHNOL,BOMBAY 400019,INDIA. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. RI JOSHI, JESHTARAJ/C-7130-2009; Joshi, Jyeshtharaj /A-4941-2009 NR 19 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0009-2509 J9 CHEM ENG SCI JI Chem. Eng. Sci. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 47 IS 1 BP 57 EP 68 DI 10.1016/0009-2509(92)80200-V PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA GX361 UT WOS:A1992GX36100009 ER PT J AU TSANG, W BURGESS, D AF TSANG, W BURGESS, D TI THE INCINERABILITY OF PERCHLOROETHYLENE AND CHLOROBENZENE SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1990 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN INST OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS CY NOV 11-16, 1990 CL CHICAGO, IL SP AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS ID RATE CONSTANTS; HYDROGEN-ATOM C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM PROC METROL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP TSANG, W (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 1992 VL 82 IS 1-6 BP 31 EP 47 DI 10.1080/00102209208951811 PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA HN616 UT WOS:A1992HN61600004 ER PT J AU WANG, CM AF WANG, CM TI PREDICTION INTERVALS FOR A BALANCED ONE-WAY RANDOM-EFFECTS MODEL SO COMMUNICATIONS IN STATISTICS-SIMULATION AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE TABLES; VARIANCE COMPONENTS AB This article presents numerical methods for constructing, from past sample data, prediction intervals to contain future samples from a population consisting of many batches. The appropriate model for this population is the balanced one-way random-effects model. Two special cases are considered. Specifically, future observations are restricted to be either from a single batch or from multiple batches with one observation per batch. Tables of factors are given for past data from 3(1)10 batches with 2, 6, or 10 observations per batch. The tables are restricted to 2, 6, or 10 future observations. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV STAT ENGN,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0361-0918 J9 COMMUN STAT SIMULAT JI Commun. Stat.-Simul. Comput. PY 1992 VL 21 IS 3 BP 671 EP 687 DI 10.1080/03610919208813042 PG 17 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA JD378 UT WOS:A1992JD37800004 ER PT J AU LOZIER, DW TURNER, PR AF LOZIER, DW TURNER, PR TI ROBUST PARALLEL COMPUTATION IN FLOATING-POINT AND SLI ARITHMETIC SO COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE PARALLEL COMPUTATION; VECTOR NORMS; SYMMETRICAL LEVEL-INDEX ARITHMETIC; FLOATING-POINT ARITHMETIC; ERROR ANALYSIS; VECTORIZED ALGORITHMS ID INDEX AB In this paper we consider the parallel computation of vector norms and inner products in floating-point and a proposed new form of computer arithmetic, the symmetric level-index system. The vector norms provide an illuminating example of the contrast between the two arithmetic systems under discussion in terms of the ability-to program for (complete) robustness and parallelizability. The conflict between robustness of the computation-in the sense of the dual requirements of accuracy and freedom from overflow and underflow-and easy parallelization of the algorithms within a floating-point environment is made plain. It is seen that this conflict disappears if the symmetric level-index system of arithmetic is used. The freedom from overflow and underflow offered by this system allows the programming of the straightforward definitions in a way which is simple, robust and immediately parallelizable. Numerical results are given to illustrate the fact that the symmetric level-index system yields results of comparable accuracy to those of floating-point in cases where the latter-system works and still yields results of high accuracy when the floating-point system fails altogether. C1 USN ACAD,DEPT MATH,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402. RP LOZIER, DW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0010-485X J9 COMPUTING JI Computing PY 1992 VL 48 IS 3-4 BP 239 EP 257 DI 10.1007/BF02238636 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA JJ833 UT WOS:A1992JJ83300002 ER PT B AU KELLEY, MH MCCLELLAND, JJ LORENTZ, SR SCHOLTEN, RE CELOTTA, RJ AF KELLEY, MH MCCLELLAND, JJ LORENTZ, SR SCHOLTEN, RE CELOTTA, RJ BE TEUBNER, PJO WEIGOLD, E TI SCATTERING OF POLARIZED ELECTRONS FROM OPTICALLY PUMPED SODIUM ATOMS SO CORRELATIONS AND POLARIZATION IN ELECTRONIC AND ATOMIC COLLISIONS AND ( E,2E ) REACTIONS SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON CORRELATIONS AND POLARIZATION IN ELECTRONIC AND ATOMIC COLLISIONS AND ( E,2E ) REACTIONS CY JUL 18-21, 1991 CL FLINDERS UNIV, ADELAIDE, AUSTRALIA HO FLINDERS UNIV ID SUPERELASTIC SCATTERING; COLLISIONAL ALIGNMENT; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; SPIN; ORIENTATION; NA(3P) RP KELLEY, MH (reprint author), NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTRON & OPT PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Scholten, Robert/A-8586-2013; McClelland, Jabez/A-2358-2015 OI Scholten, Robert/0000-0002-2337-8036; McClelland, Jabez/0000-0001-5672-5965 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA BRISTOL BN 0-85498-412-7 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1992 VL 122 BP 23 EP 32 PG 10 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BV64T UT WOS:A1992BV64T00004 ER PT J AU BRENNAN, JA FRIEND, DG ARP, VD MCCARTY, RD AF BRENNAN, JA FRIEND, DG ARP, VD MCCARTY, RD TI COMPUTER-PROGRAM FOR COMPUTING THE PROPERTIES OF 17 FLUIDS SO CRYOGENICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10TH SPACE CRYOGENICS WORKSHOP CY JUN 18-20, 1991 CL NASA LEWIS RES CTR, CLEVELAND, OH SP NASA, HEADQUARTERS OFF AERONAUT EXPLORAT & TECHNOL HO NASA LEWIS RES CTR DE COMPUTER PROGRAM; THERMAL PROPERTIES; CRYOGENIC LIQUIDS AB Modifications and additions to the MIPROPS computer program for calculating the thermophysical properties of 17 fluids are described. These changes include adding new fluids, new properties and a new user interface to the program; the new program will be available from the Standard Reference Data Program of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The new program allows the user to select the input and output parameters and the units to be displayed for each parameter. C1 NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80803. RP FRIEND, DG (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM ENGN,BOULDER,CO 80803, USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0011-2275 J9 CRYOGENICS JI Cryogenics PY 1992 VL 32 IS 2 BP 212 EP 214 DI 10.1016/0011-2275(92)90269-G PG 3 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA HC122 UT WOS:A1992HC12200024 ER PT J AU SIEGWARTH, JD VOTH, RO SNYDER, SM AF SIEGWARTH, JD VOTH, RO SNYDER, SM TI LIQUID VAPOR SURFACE SENSORS FOR LIQUID-NITROGEN AND HYDROGEN SO CRYOGENICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10TH SPACE CRYOGENICS WORKSHOP CY JUN 18-20, 1991 CL NASA LEWIS RES CTR, CLEVELAND, OH SP NASA, HEADQUARTERS OFF AERONAUT EXPLORAT & TECHNOL HO NASA LEWIS RES CTR DE SPACE CRYOGENICS; SURFACE SENSING; LIQUID VAPOR INTERFACE AB Tests of resistance thermometers as liquid - vapour interface sensors for LH2 and LN2 showed that most could be made to detect the liquid surface, but a tiny silicon sensor developed at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center gave the fastest response. Tests of a commercial optical surface sensor and two modified versions of it showed that optical sensors can reliably and rapidly detect the liquid - vapour interface of both hydrogen and nitrogen. RP SIEGWARTH, JD (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0011-2275 J9 CRYOGENICS JI Cryogenics PY 1992 VL 32 IS 2 BP 236 EP 242 DI 10.1016/0011-2275(92)90273-D PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA HC122 UT WOS:A1992HC12200028 ER PT J AU EKIN, JW AF EKIN, JW TI CRITICAL MAGNETIC-FIELD ANGLE FOR HIGH-FIELD CURRENT TRANSPORT IN YBA2CU3O7 AT 76-K SO CRYOGENICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON CRITICAL CURRENTS IN HIGH T(C) SUPERCONDUCTORS CY APR 22-24, 1992 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA DE YBCO; MAGNETIC FIELDS; CRITICAL CURRENTS ID CURRENT-DENSITY; SUPERCONDUCTORS; ANISOTROPY; CONTACTS AB High magnetic field (0.5 T to 9 T) measurements of the in-plane transport critical current density J(c) of YBa2Cu3O7 at liquid nitrogen temperature are reported as a function of the orientation of magnetic field B with respect to the a,b,plane. In contrast to earlier results at lower fields (< 3 T), the measurements reported here at high fields reveal a J(c) versus angle curve with a head-and-shoulders shape with two angular regions having distinctly different behaviour. For magnetic field oriented close to the a,b-plane, a sharp, narrow intrinsic-pinning peak in J(c) about the B perpendicular-to c-axis is observed; on either side of the peak, J(c) is still relatively high (approximately 10(4) A cm-1) and nearly independent of magnetic field magnitude and angle. However, beyond a critical angle theta(c), the J(c) versus theta dependence crosses over to a markedly different behaviour, characterized by a decrease in the sharpness of the voltage - current characteristic and a rapid decrease in J(c). The critical angle theta(c) where this change occurs is determined experimentally from the sharp break in the J(c) versus theta curve at the edge of the shoulders, defined by the angle where the minimum in d2J(c)/dtheta2 occurs. Characteristic values of theta(c) for oriented-grained YBa2Cu3O7 at 76 K are +/- 39-degrees at 5 T, +/- 24-degrees at 7 T and +/- 17-degrees at 9 T (where theta = 0 for B in the a,b-plane). To take advantage of the high, nearly field-independent J(c) on either side of the intrinsic pinning peak, magnet design will need to allow an adequate angular margin to avoid the pinning transition at theta(c). RP EKIN, JW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0011-2275 J9 CRYOGENICS JI Cryogenics PY 1992 VL 32 IS 11 BP 1089 EP 1092 DI 10.1016/0011-2275(92)90033-7 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA JW017 UT WOS:A1992JW01700033 ER PT J AU RUSZ, JE ANTONUCCI, JM EICHMILLER, F ANDERSON, MH AF RUSZ, JE ANTONUCCI, JM EICHMILLER, F ANDERSON, MH TI ADHESIVE PROPERTIES OF MODIFIED GLASS-IONOMER CEMENTS SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID COMPOSITE RESINS; STRENGTH; BOND AB The incorporation of water-soluble polymers and/or vinyl monomers into glass-ionomer cements can yield toughened "hybrid cement-composites". This study compared a commercial water-hardening glass-ionomer cement and seven experimental hybrids in their bonding to both dentin and Silar composite. The cements were sanded and phosphoric-acid-etched or left with an unaltered matrix-formed surface when adhesion to composite was tested. The seven hybrids included: 15% 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) with appropriate initiators/activators, 29% HEMA, 27% HEMA + 0.5% polyacrylic acid (PAA), 0.5% PAA, 1.5% PAA, 2.5% polyvinyl alcohol, and 2.5% gelatin. Acceptable bond strengths to applied composite and to dentin were observed for most of the modified hybrid cements. There were higher bond strengths with composite when the hybrids were left unetched. Bonding of some unetched, HEMA-containing cements achieved bond strengths (29% HEMA, 10.09 MPa) significantly higher than those of the unmodified cement (4.92 MPa). Resin-modified cements may promote better bonding by improved interaction and compatibility with the resin component of the composite. C1 USN,SCH DENT,DEPT OPERAT DENT,BETHESDA,MD 20814. USN,SCH DENT,BETHESDA,MD 20814. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,DENT & MAT GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD. AMER DENT ASSOC,HLTH FDN PRC,GAITHERSBURG,MD. FU NIDCD NIH HHS [NMRDC M0095-06-3014]; NIDCR NIH HHS [NIDRIA #Y01 DE30001] NR 27 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACAD DENTAL MATERIALS PI DALLAS PA BAYLOR COLLEGE DENTISTRY, 3302 GASTON AVE, DALLAS, TX 75266-0677 SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 8 IS 1 BP 31 EP 36 DI 10.1016/0109-5641(92)90050-M PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA HL975 UT WOS:A1992HL97500007 PM 1387853 ER PT J AU BERMAN, E WEIL, C PHILLIPS, PA CARTER, HB HOUSE, DE AF BERMAN, E WEIL, C PHILLIPS, PA CARTER, HB HOUSE, DE TI FETAL AND MATERNAL EFFECTS OF CONTINUAL EXPOSURE OF RATS TO 970-MHZ CIRCULARLY-POLARIZED MICROWAVES SO ELECTRO- AND MAGNETOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION; IRRADIATION; MOUSE; INUTERO; MICE AB Virtually continual exposure to 970-MHz microwaves in circularly-polarized waveguides was used to elicit fetal responses in Sprague-Dawley rats during gestation. A total of 250 rats were exposed to microwave radiation at whole-body averaged specific absorption rates (SAR) of 0.07, 2.4, or 4.8 W/kg or concurrently sham-irradiated for 22 h/day from the 1st through the 19th day of gestation. Prior to irradiation or sham irradiation, the rats were acclimated to cages in the waveguide system for 10 days and then bred. The rats were killed on the 20th day of gestation, and their fetuses counted and weighed, the fetal sternebrae ossifications counted, and the number of corpora lutea of the pregnancy determined. There were no alterations in pregnancy rates, fetal numbers (live, dead, resorbed, or total conceptuses), fetal weights, fetal skeletal maturation, or preimplantation losses after exposure at SARs of 0.07 or 2.4 W/kg. At SAR of 4.8 W/kg, only fetal body weight was significantly altered (-12%, p = 0.012). Two of twelve rats died during the exposure at SAR of 4.8 W/kg. Bred, but non-pregnant, rats that were exposed at SAR of 4.8 W/kg had significantly lower body weight gain than sham-irradiated rats; similar lower gain is assumed to have occurred in the pregnant rats exposed at SAR of 4.8 W/kg, and whose fetuses were significantly smaller. We conclude that continual gestational exposure at SAR of 4.8 (but not 2.4 or lower) W/kg induces fetal alterations. Apparently, deleterious maternal effects are associated with these fetal changes. Although colonic temperature was not measured in these rats, it is expected that exposure at 4.8 W/kg was hyperthermal. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. US EPA,DIV RES SUPPORT,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP BERMAN, E (reprint author), US EPA,DIV DEV TOXICOL,MD72,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1061-9526 J9 ELECTRO MAGNETOBIOL JI Electro Magnetobiol. PY 1992 VL 11 IS 1 BP 43 EP 54 DI 10.3109/15368379209012851 PG 12 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA JM044 UT WOS:A1992JM04400005 ER PT J AU HICKS, BB ARTZ, RS AF HICKS, BB ARTZ, RS TI ESTIMATING BACKGROUND PRECIPITATION QUALITY FROM NETWORK DATA SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP SESSIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONF ON ACIDIC DEPOSITION CY SEP 16-21, 1990 CL GLASGOW, SCOTLAND SP ROYAL SOC EDINBURGH ID TRANSFORMATION-REMOVAL MODEL; ACID DEPOSITION; ORGANIC ACIDITY; UNITED-STATES; TRANSPORT; SULFATE; SO2 AB Assessments of the relative merits of alternative acid-rain control strategies revolve around considerations of potential benefit per unit effort and/or cost. A question that often arises concerns the changes in deposition that would follow if all industrial (or societal) emissions were eliminated, in which case precipitation chemistry would be dominated by emissions from natural sources. Estimates of the 'natural background' of precipitation chemistry can be based on (a) measurements made at distant locations, (b) reducing emissions to zero in numerical simulations, or (c) examinations of existing data. Each alternative is flawed because (a) of the assumption that natural emissions in one location are like those in another, (b) no existing model contains descriptions of chemical processes involving all of the chemical species of importance, and (c) all contemporary data records of relevance are affected by precisely the emissions we wish to reduce. Here, the third alternative is explored in detail, using event precipitation chemistry data from North America. The analysis reveals a background pH level that varies from site to site, but always lies in the range 5.0-5.3. RP HICKS, BB (reprint author), NOAA,AIR RESOURCES LAB,1325 E WEST HIGHWAY,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. RI Artz, Richard/P-6371-2015 OI Artz, Richard/0000-0002-1335-0697 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1992 VL 75 IS 2 BP 137 EP 143 DI 10.1016/0269-7491(92)90033-7 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GV273 UT WOS:A1992GV27300005 PM 15092027 ER PT J AU KRAHN, MM BURROWS, DG YLITALO, GM BROWN, DW WIGREN, CA COLLIER, TK CHAN, SL VARANASI, U AF KRAHN, MM BURROWS, DG YLITALO, GM BROWN, DW WIGREN, CA COLLIER, TK CHAN, SL VARANASI, U TI MASS-SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS FOR AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS IN BILE OF FISH SAMPLED AFTER THE EXXON-VALDEZ OIL-SPILL SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOLE PAROPHRYS-VETULUS; ENGLISH SOLE; STARRY FLOUNDER; PUGET-SOUND; METABOLITES; XENOBIOTICS; PHENANTHRENE; WASHINGTON; PETROLEUM; EXPOSURE AB After the Exxon Valdez oil spill, the exposure of marine organisms to petroleum had to be determined. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to identify metabolites of aromatic compounds (ACs), such as alkylated naphthols, phenanthrols, and dibenzothiophenols, in the hydrolyzed bile of five salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and four pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) captured in Prince William Sound several months after the oil spill. These metabolites were not found in control fish sampled from areas not impacted by the oil. The metabolites were identified by comparison to those from the hydrolyzed bile of a halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) which had been injected with weathered Prudhoe Bay crude oil. The dibenzothiophenols are proposed as promising marker compounds for identifying the exposure of fish to certain crude oils. In addition, a high-performance liquid chromatographic method to screen bile for metabolites of ACs was validated for use in estimating the exposure of fish to petroleum. RP KRAHN, MM (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,DIV ENVIRONM CONSERVAT,2725 MONTLAKE BLVD E,SEATTLE,WA 98112, USA. NR 32 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 26 IS 1 BP 116 EP 126 DI 10.1021/es00025a012 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GY590 UT WOS:A1992GY59000020 ER PT J AU LYDY, MJ ORIS, JT BAUMANN, PC FISHER, SW AF LYDY, MJ ORIS, JT BAUMANN, PC FISHER, SW TI EFFECTS OF SEDIMENT ORGANIC-CARBON CONTENT ON THE ELIMINATION RATES OF NEUTRAL LIPOPHILIC COMPOUNDS IN THE MIDGE (CHIRONOMUS-RIPARIUS) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CHIRONOMUS-RIPARIUS; ORGANIC CARBON; SEDIMENT; ELIMINATION RATE; NEUTRAL LIPOPHILIC ID BIOTRANSFORMATION; FISH; BIOCONCENTRATION; KINETICS AB The effects of varying sediment conditions on elimination rates for four neutral lipophilic compounds were investigated in midge larvae, Chironomus riparius. Four treatments were used: water only (no sediment present) (WO); midges screened from 3% organic carbon (OC) sediment (screened); water and 3% OC sediment (3% OC); and water and 15% OC sediment (15% OC). In general, elimination rates were larger in the 3 and 15% OC sediment systems compared to the WO and screened treatments. The largest elimination rates were found in the 15% OC treatments. The mechanism that accounts for increased elimination rates noted in the high-OC-content sediment systems is unknown; however, several possible mechanisms are discussed. A predictive relationship has been established between the elimination rate constant (K(d)), the octanol/water partition coefficient (K(ow)), and sediment OC content. These results further emphasize the importance of sediment characteristics in determining the environmental fate of xenobiotics. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105. OHIO STATE UNIV,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,DEPT NAT RESOURCES,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. MIAMI UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,OXFORD,OH 45056. NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1992 VL 11 IS 3 BP 347 EP 356 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1992)11[347:EOSOCC]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA HF759 UT WOS:A1992HF75900008 ER PT J AU CASILLAS, E WEBER, D HALEY, C SOL, S AF CASILLAS, E WEBER, D HALEY, C SOL, S TI COMPARISON OF GROWTH AND MORTALITY IN JUVENILE SAND DOLLARS (DENDRASTER-EXCENTRICUS) AS INDICATORS OF CONTAMINATED MARINE-SEDIMENTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE SEDIMENT TOXICITY; SAND DOLLARS; SUBLETHAL BIOASSAY; GROWTH ID SOLE PAROPHRYS-VETULUS; C-14 POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; AMPHIPOD RHEPOXYNIUS-ABRONIUS; RNA-DNA RATIOS; INFAUNAL AMPHIPOD; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SIMULTANEOUS EXPOSURE; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; H-3 BENZOPYRENE; HEPATIC-LESIONS AB A bioassay system involving exposure of juvenile sand dollars (Dendraster excentricus) to contaminated sediments from Puget Sound, Washington, was evaluated. In these bioassays, juvenile sand dollars were exposed to serially diluted sediments from three urban areas with different types and levels of contamination. Physical and biochemical measures of growth (i.e., length or diameter, DNA content, and protein content) were then evaluated for sensitivity and concentration responsiveness to a chemical gradient and compared with mortality as biological indicators of toxicant effects in sediments. Growth measurements appeared to be more sensitive indicators of contaminant exposure than mortality. Sediment mixtures with the highest proportions of contaminants were generally lethal to these organisms, but at lower sediment concentrations, where significant mortality did not occur, significant reductions in growth were observed. The results suggest that measurement of growth, either morphometrically or biochemically, in conjunction with mortality can provide better discrimination for assessing toxicity in sediment bioassay systems. Also, because impaired growth is a sublethal effect of contaminant exposure, it may be a useful indicator for assessing the long-term (chronic) effects of exposure to contaminants on marine organisms. RP CASILLAS, E (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES CTR,DIV ENVIRONM CONSERVAT,MONTLAKE BLVD E,SEATTLE,WA 98112, USA. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1992 VL 11 IS 4 BP 559 EP 569 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1992)11[559:COGAMI]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA HM215 UT WOS:A1992HM21500014 ER PT J AU STEIN, JE COLLIER, TK REICHERT, WL CASILLAS, E HOM, T VARANASI, U AF STEIN, JE COLLIER, TK REICHERT, WL CASILLAS, E HOM, T VARANASI, U TI BIOINDICATORS OF CONTAMINANT EXPOSURE AND SUBLETHAL EFFECTS - STUDIES WITH BENTHIC FISH IN PUGET-SOUND, WASHINGTON SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE FISH; BIOINDICATORS; MONOOXYGENASES; DNA ADDUCTS; GLUTATHIONE ID SOLE PAROPHRYS-VETULUS; FLOUNDER PSEUDOPLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS; CARCINOGEN-DNA ADDUCTS; P-32-POSTLABELING ANALYSIS; PLATICHTHYS-FLESUS; AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS; POLLUTED SITES; RAINBOW-TROUT; LIVER; METABOLITES AB A suite of chemical and biochemical variables responsive to contaminant exposure was measured in three species of benthic flatfish (English sole, Parophrys vetulus; rock sole, Lepidopsetta bilineata; and starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus) sampled from up to five sites in Puget Sound, Washington, to assess the sensitivity of the parameters to differences in levels of contaminant exposure. The examined indexes were levels of (a) polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in liver, (b) fluorescent aromatic compounds in bile, (c) hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and ethoxy-resorufin-O-deethylase, (d) total hepatic GSH and (e) hydrophobic DNA-xenobiotic adducts in liver as measured by P-32 postlabeling. The sediment concentrations of PCBs and the sum of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at the sampling sites ranged from 21 to 570 and 21 to 5,300 ng/g wet weight sediment, respectively. The results showed (a) that all the examined indexes could discriminate among sites exhibiting different degrees of chemical contamination, (b) that species differed in the range of response of most of the measured indexes, and (c) that the use of the indexes in concert appeared to enhance the assessment of contaminant exposure and sublethal effects. RP STEIN, JE (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,DIV ENVIRONM CONSERVAT,2725 MONTLAKE BLVD E,SEATTLE,WA 98112, USA. NR 44 TC 166 Z9 179 U1 3 U2 20 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1992 VL 11 IS 5 BP 701 EP 714 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1992)11[701:BOCEAS]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA HR048 UT WOS:A1992HR04800013 ER PT J AU EISENSTEIN, E SCHWARZ, FP AF EISENSTEIN, E SCHWARZ, FP TI ENERGETICS OF COOPERATIVE LIGAND-BINDING TO BIOSYNTHETIC THREONINE DEAMINASE FROM ESCHERICHIA-COLI SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MARYLAND,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,SHADY GROVE,MD. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JAN 1 PY 1992 VL 6 IS 1 BP A187 EP A187 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA GY440 UT WOS:A1992GY44001072 ER PT J AU REDDY, P AF REDDY, P TI REGULATION OF THE ESCHERICHIA-COLI ADENYLATE-CYCLASE ACTIVITY BY PROTEIN-IIIGLC OF THE PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE - GLYCOSE PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE SYSTEM SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JAN 1 PY 1992 VL 6 IS 1 BP A79 EP A79 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA GY440 UT WOS:A1992GY44000455 ER PT J AU TEKLE, E ASTUMIAN, RD CHOCK, PB AF TEKLE, E ASTUMIAN, RD CHOCK, PB TI THE ROLE OF IONIC-STRENGTH ON THE RESEALING RATE OF MEMBRANE ELECTROPORES SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NHLBI,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JAN 1 PY 1992 VL 6 IS 1 BP A172 EP A172 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA GY440 UT WOS:A1992GY44000982 ER PT J AU GALLAWA, RL GOYAL, IC GHATAK, AK AF GALLAWA, RL GOYAL, IC GHATAK, AK TI MODAL PROPERTIES OF CIRCULAR AND NONCIRCULAR OPTICAL WAVE-GUIDES SO FIBER AND INTEGRATED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC WAVE-GUIDES; FIBERS; PROPAGATION; MODES; CORE AB We give a review and a comparison of recent methods of analyzing circular and noncircular optical waveguides. Comparison among competing methodologies is made as follows: Galerkin's method is used with Laguerre-Gauss basis functions in circular geometry to examine the modal solution in a step index fiber, and comparison with the exact solution is made. A W-fiber, which has no exact solution, is then examined. Rectangular geometry is considered, and discussion centers on the use of Galerkin's method using trigonometric basis functions and Hermite-Gauss basis functions. The difficulty arising from the use of basis functions that do not decay exponentially for large argument (trigonometric functions) is illustrated. Finally, a square step index waveguide is used to illustrate a comparison between a variational method that uses the Gaussian approximation as the starting point, and Galerkin's method using Hermite-Gauss basis functions. We conclude that the variational method does well in predicting the propagation constant beta but does not do well in predicting the modal field. C1 INDIAN INST TECHNOL, DEPT PHYS, NEW DELHI 110029, INDIA. RP GALLAWA, RL (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NR 13 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0146-8030 EI 1096-4681 J9 FIBER INTEGRATED OPT JI Fiber Integrated Opt. PY 1992 VL 11 IS 1 BP 25 EP 50 DI 10.1080/01468039208202203 PG 26 WC Optics SC Optics GA JQ281 UT WOS:A1992JQ28100002 ER PT J AU BABRAUSKAS, V PEACOCK, RD AF BABRAUSKAS, V PEACOCK, RD TI HEAT RELEASE RATE - THE SINGLE MOST IMPORTANT VARIABLE IN FIRE HAZARD SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Heat release rate measurements are sometimes seen by manufacturers and product users as just another piece of data to gather. It is the purpose of this paper to explain why heat release rate is, in fact, the single most important variable in characterizing the 'flammability' of products and their consequent fire hazard. Examples of typical fire histories are given which illustrate that even though fire deaths are primarily caused by toxic gases, the heat release rate is the best predictor of fire hazard. Conversely, the relative toxicity of the combustion gases plays a smaller role. The delays in ignition time, as measured by various Bunsen burner type tests, also have only a minor effect on the development of fire hazard. RP BABRAUSKAS, V (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 292 Z9 306 U1 3 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0379-7112 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PY 1992 VL 18 IS 3 BP 255 EP 272 DI 10.1016/0379-7112(92)90019-9 PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA HB282 UT WOS:A1992HB28200004 ER PT J AU OHLEMILLER, TJ VILLA, K AF OHLEMILLER, TJ VILLA, K TI CHARACTERIZATION OF THE CALIFORNIA-TECHNICAL-BULLETIN-133 IGNITION SOURCE AND A COMPARABLE GAS-BURNER SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The California Bulletin (CB) 133 upholstery ignition source is based on the use of crumpled newsprint. The present work examined the reproducibility of several aspects of this source when placed on an inert chair mock-up. The tendency of this source to heat the side arms of a chair, the area of the seat back subjected to high heat fluxes, the peak flux there and the flux duration all showed substantial variability. For inherently lesser variability a gas burner is preferred. A gas burner, derived from that developed at the British Fire Research Station, was shaped so as to deposit a similar pattern of heat to that of the CB 133 source. The two sources were tested for comparability both on chair mock-ups and on full-scale chairs made from a wide variety of materials. The results indicate that the gas burner, as used here, is a somewhat less severe ignition source than is the CB 133 igniter. RP OHLEMILLER, TJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CTR FIRE RES,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0379-7112 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PY 1992 VL 18 IS 4 BP 325 EP 354 DI 10.1016/0379-7112(92)90023-6 PG 30 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA HG040 UT WOS:A1992HG04000002 ER PT J AU COLLETTE, BB GILLIS, GB AF COLLETTE, BB GILLIS, GB TI MORPHOLOGY, SYSTEMATICS, AND BIOLOGY OF THE DOUBLE-LINED MACKERELS (GRAMMATORCYNUS, SCOMBRIDAE) SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Review ID FISHES AB Osteological differences confirm the validity of two species of Grammatorcynus, G. bicarinatus (Quoy and Gaimard 1825) and the long-recognized G. bilineatus (Ruppell 1836). In addition to having fewer gill rakers (12-15 vs. 18-24), a smaller eye (3.1-4.6% vs. 4.0-6.0% FL), small black spots on the lower sides of the body, and reaching a larger size (110 cm FL vs. 60 cm), G. bicarinatus differs from G. bilineatus in having a shorter neurocranium, shorter parasphenoid flanges, lower posterior edge of maxillary shank, shorter quadrate process, narrower first postcleithrum, wider ethmoid, wider vomer, wider lachrymal, longer teeth, wider palatine tooth patch, wider opercle, and a thin posttemporal shelf between the anterior processes. All but one of the 16 osteological differences previously found between Grammatorcynus bilineatus and Scomberomorus and Acanthocybium are confirmed with the inclusion of G. bicarinatus in the genus. Grammatorcynus bilineatus is widespread in tropical and subtropical waters of the Indo-West Pacific from the Red Sea to Tokelau Islands in Oceania. The range of G. bicarinatus is restricted to the western and eastern coasts of Australia and southern Papua New Guinea. C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98115. RP COLLETTE, BB (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,SYSTEMAT LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 153 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 3 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 90 IS 1 BP 13 EP 53 PG 41 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA HT862 UT WOS:A1992HT86200002 ER PT J AU DOUGLAS, ME SCHNELL, GD HOUGH, DJ PERRIN, WF AF DOUGLAS, ME SCHNELL, GD HOUGH, DJ PERRIN, WF TI GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION IN CRANIAL MORPHOLOGY OF SPINNER DOLPHINS STENELLA-LONGIROSTRIS IN THE EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC-OCEAN SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SEXUAL DIMORPHISM; GENUS STENELLA; ATTENUATA; PATTERNS AB The spinner dolphin Stenella longirostris is widely distributed in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. Geographic patterns in 30 cranial features were determined from 246 museum specimens grouped into 25 5-degrees latitude-longitude blocks. Statistically significant sexual dimorphism was demonstrated for one-half of the cranial characters, with males generally being larger. ANOVAs, as well as principal components, canonical variates, and cluster (UPGMA and function-point) analyses demonstrated geographic variation in all characters. Patterns of geographic variation in morphology were evaluated for all S. longirostris specimens using Mantel tests and matrix correlations; 20 of 30 characters showed significant "regional patterning," while most (25 of 30) exhibited "local" patterning. The latitude-longitude block with specimens of S. 1. centro-americana was distinctive in a number of features. Also, eastern spinner dolphins (S. 1. orientalis) were smaller than spinners found to the south, southwest, or west. Many of the cranial characters exhibited a concentric pattern of geographic variation similar to that found by previous investigators for several external characters. Hawaiian specimens are the largest incorporated into this study and, typically, are more like those from southern localities than animals from geographically closer blocks. The association between morphological characters and 13 environmental measures was assessed with Mantel tests and product-moment correlations, revealing statistical concordance of morphological patterns for a number of cranial characters with those for water depth, sea surface temperature in January and July, surface salinity, thermocline depth, and surface dissolved oxygen. Several of these environmental variables manifest the same distributional pattern found in many of the cranial features. C1 UNIV OKLAHOMA,OKLAHOMA BIOL SURVEY,NORMAN,OK 73019. UNIV OKLAHOMA,DEPT BIOL,NORMAN,OK 73019. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,LA JOLLA,CA 92038. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 90 IS 1 BP 54 EP 76 PG 23 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA HT862 UT WOS:A1992HT86200003 ER PT J AU HUNTER, JR MACEWICZ, BJ LO, NCH KIMBRELL, CA AF HUNTER, JR MACEWICZ, BJ LO, NCH KIMBRELL, CA TI FECUNDITY, SPAWNING, AND MATURITY OF FEMALE DOVER SOLE MICROSTOMUS-PACIFICUS, WITH AN EVALUATION OF ASSUMPTIONS AND PRECISION SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN AB The potential annual fecundity of Dover sole becomes fixed before the spawning season when the average diameter of the advanced stock of yolked oocytes exceeds 0.86 mm; hence potential annual fecundity is determinate. More central California females had atretic advanced oocytes than Oregon females, but rates of atresia were not sufficiently high to have an important effect on the potential annual fecundity of the population. A 1-kg female matured about 83,000 advanced yolked oocytes at the beginning of the season. Vitellogenesis continued for the advanced yolked oocytes during most of the spawning season while batches were repetitively matured and spawned. About nine batches were spawned over a six-month spawning season (December-May), and spawning ceased when the standing stock of advanced oocytes was exhausted. A 1-kg female released about 10,000 eggs per spawning, except for the first and last batches which were smaller than the rest. Near the end of the season, females may spawn more frequently than earlier in the year, increasing the daily production of eggs by the population even though fewer females are reproductively active. Annual reproductive effort of Dover sole was equivalent to about 14% of body wet weight per year. Fifty percent of the females had become sexually mature when they reached 332 mm total length. Various methodological issues were also treated in this paper, including validation of key assumptions underlying estimates of annual fecundity; fecundity sample-size requirements; evaluation of criteria and bias in estimating female sexual maturity; and comparisons of classification by histology and gross anatomy. RP HUNTER, JR (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,POB 271,LA JOLLA,CA 92038, USA. NR 23 TC 246 Z9 257 U1 2 U2 18 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 90 IS 1 BP 101 EP 128 PG 28 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA HT862 UT WOS:A1992HT86200005 ER PT J AU KENDALL, AW NAKATANI, T AF KENDALL, AW NAKATANI, T TI COMPARISONS OF EARLY-LIFE-HISTORY CHARACTERISTICS OF WALLEYE POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA IN SHELIKOF STRAIT, GULF OF ALASKA, AND FUNKA BAY, HOKKAIDO, JAPAN SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID ADJACENT WATERS; LARVAL; TEMPERATURE; NAUPLII; GROWTH; PATCH; FOOD; EGG AB Over the past several years researchers in Japan and the United States have independently been conducting extensive studies on the early life history of two discrete populations of walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma, trying to understand recruitment variation. The population of interest to Japanese researchers spawns near Funka Bay, Hokkaido, Japan, while the population of interest to American researchers spawns in Shelikof Strait, Gulf of Alaska. This paper summarizes and compares characteristics of spawning and ecology of eggs, larvae, and early juveniles of the species in these two areas. Although the species has apparently adapted its early-life-history pattern to environmental differences in the two areas, some underlying similarities exist. The adults mainly spawn at a particular time of year following a spawning migration to a specific location so that the eggs and larvae can reach specific areas for subsequent development. In both areas oceanographic conditions are favorable for larval food production (copepod nauplii) when the walleye pollock larvae are present. Drift of the eggs into the bay, where copepod production is enhanced, seems important in Funka Bay, and drift of the larvae toward juvenile nursery grounds on the continental shelf as opposed to being swept offshore, seems important in Shelikof Strait. Interannual differences in larval drift and food production because of varying oceanographic conditions may contribute significantly to variations in year-class size. C1 HOKKAIDO UNIV,FAC FISHERIES,PRINCIPLES FISHING GROUNDS LAB,HAKODATE,HOKKAIDO 041,JAPAN. RP KENDALL, AW (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98112, USA. NR 44 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 90 IS 1 BP 129 EP 138 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA HT862 UT WOS:A1992HT86200006 ER PT J AU SISSENWINE, MP MACE, PM AF SISSENWINE, MP MACE, PM TI ITQS IN NEW-ZEALAND - THE ERA OF FIXED QUOTA IN PERPETUITY SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT AB On 1 October 1986, New Zealand introduced Individual Transferrable Quota (ITQ) management for most of its fisheries. ITQ management was implemented to address overfishing, overcapitalization, and excess government regulation. Quotas were based on catch histories, with a quota "buyback" (costing $42.4 million NZ) and prorated cuts to achieve total allowable catch (TAC) levels indicated by preliminary stock assessments. Fixed amounts of quota (defined by weight) were issued in perpetuity. Annual stock assessments are conducted. Government stated that it would buy or sell quota at market-determined prices in order to adjust TACs. On 1 April 1990, ITQs were redefined as proportions of annual TACs (known as "proportional ITQs"). Government extracts resource rent. To date, there is little evidence of improvement in the condition of the fisheries resources. It is difficult to determine the economic effects of ITQ management; however, economic conditions have worsened due to factors which are unrelated to ITQ management. Revenues to government from the ITQ system have exceeded total costs, but there would have been a deficit if government had purchased quota to reduce TACs to the levels indicated by stock assessments. Government regulation has not been reduced. Although there is general support for ITQ management in New Zealand, many problems have been encountered: quota overruns resulting from bycatch; inadequate stock assessment capability; disagreement over the level of resource rentals; and failure of government to enter the marketplace to reduce TACs when necessary. RP SISSENWINE, MP (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. NR 24 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 90 IS 1 BP 147 EP 160 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA HT862 UT WOS:A1992HT86200008 ER PT J AU CHEN, WZ GOVONI, JJ WARLEN, SM AF CHEN, WZ GOVONI, JJ WARLEN, SM TI COMPARISON OF FEEDING AND GROWTH OF LARVAL ROUND HERRING ETRUMEUS-TERES AND GULF MENHADEN BREVOORTIA-PATRONUS SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Note ID NORTHERN GULF; MICROPOGONIAS-UNDULATUS; LEIOSTOMUS-XANTHURUS; ATLANTIC CROAKER; OF-MEXICO; FISHES; AGE; ABUNDANCE; SPOT C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES SCI CTR,BEAUFORT LAB,BEAUFORT,NC 28516. RP CHEN, WZ (reprint author), E CHINA SEA FISHERIES RES INST,300 JUN GONG RD,SHANGHAI,PEOPLES R CHINA. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 90 IS 1 BP 183 EP 189 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA HT862 UT WOS:A1992HT86200011 ER PT J AU RAJAGURU, A SHANTHA, G AF RAJAGURU, A SHANTHA, G TI ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE SESSILE BARNACLE XENOBALANUS-GLOBICIPITIS (CORONULIDAE) AND THE BOTTLE-NOSED-DOLPHIN TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS (DELPHINIDAE) FROM THE BAY OF BENGAL, INDIA, WITH A SUMMARY OF PREVIOUS RECORDS FROM CETACEANS SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Note RP RAJAGURU, A (reprint author), NOAA,NAT MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,SYSTEMAT LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 45 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 90 IS 1 BP 197 EP 202 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA HT862 UT WOS:A1992HT86200013 ER PT B AU BOLLINGER, JJ HEINZEN, DJ ITANO, WM GILBERT, SL WINELAND, DJ AF BOLLINGER, JJ HEINZEN, DJ ITANO, WM GILBERT, SL WINELAND, DJ BE Black, TD Nieto, MM Pilloff, HS Scully, MO Sinclair, RM TI ATOMIC PHYSICS TESTS OF NONLINEAR QUANTUM-MECHANICS SO FOUNDATIONS OF QUANTUM MECHANICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON THE FOUNDATIONS OF QUANTUM MECHANICS CY MAY 27-31, 1991 CL ST JOHNS COLL, SANTA FE, NM SP USN, OFF NAVAL RES, LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, UNIV NEW MEXICO HO ST JOHNS COLL C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-0980-0 PY 1992 BP 40 EP 46 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Optics; Physics GA BW53X UT WOS:A1992BW53X00004 ER PT J AU HALLIWELL, B DIZDAROGLU, M AF HALLIWELL, B DIZDAROGLU, M TI THE MEASUREMENT OF OXIDATIVE DAMAGE TO DNA BY HPLC AND GC/MS TECHNIQUES SO FREE RADICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material DE DNA; HYDROXYL RADICAL; SINGLET OXYGEN; 8-HYDROXYGUANINE; MASS SPECTROMETRY; ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; BASE DAMAGE; 8-HYDROXYGUANINE; 8-HYDROXYDEOXYGUANOSINE; CARCINOGENESIS; OXYGEN; MITOCHONDRIAL; MECHANISMS; RADICALS; CANCER C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP HALLIWELL, B (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SACRAMENTO MED CTR,MED CTR,DIV PULM CRIT CARE MED,4301 X ST,SACRAMENTO,CA 95817, USA. RI Bell, Tiffany/F-4403-2010; Halliwell, Barry/C-8318-2009 NR 54 TC 207 Z9 210 U1 0 U2 10 PU HARWOOD ACAD PUBL GMBH PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 8755-0199 J9 FREE RADICAL RES COM JI Free Radic. Res. Commun. PY 1992 VL 16 IS 2 BP 75 EP 87 DI 10.3109/10715769209049161 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA HV324 UT WOS:A1992HV32400001 PM 1321076 ER PT J AU NACKERDIEN, Z OLINSKI, R DIZDAROGLU, M AF NACKERDIEN, Z OLINSKI, R DIZDAROGLU, M TI DNA-BASE DAMAGE IN CHROMATIN OF GAMMA-IRRADIATED CULTURED HUMAN-CELLS SO FREE RADICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE IONIZING RADIATION; HYDROXYL RADICAL; MASS SPECTROMETRY; FORMAMIDOPYRIMIDINES; INDIRECT EFFECT OF RADIATION; CHROMATIN DAMAGE ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; IONIZING-RADIATION; THYMINE GLYCOL; HYDROXYL RADICALS; OXIDATIVE DAMAGE; STRAND BREAKS; CELLULAR DNA; REPAIR; MUTAGENESIS C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV STELLENBOSCH,DEPT RADIOTHERAPY,TYGERBERG 7505,SOUTH AFRICA. MED SCH BYDGOSZCZ,DEPT CLIN BIOCHEM,PL-85094 BYDGOSZCZ,POLAND. RI Olinski, Ryszard/E-9607-2014 NR 56 TC 102 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 1 PU HARWOOD ACAD PUBL GMBH PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 8755-0199 J9 FREE RADICAL RES COM JI Free Radic. Res. Commun. PY 1992 VL 16 IS 4 BP 259 EP 273 DI 10.3109/10715769209049179 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA JC985 UT WOS:A1992JC98500006 PM 1505786 ER PT J AU REBBERT, RE CHESLER, SN GUENTHER, FR KOSTER, BJ PARRIS, RM SCHANTZ, MM WISE, SA AF REBBERT, RE CHESLER, SN GUENTHER, FR KOSTER, BJ PARRIS, RM SCHANTZ, MM WISE, SA TI PREPARATION AND ANALYSIS OF A RIVER SEDIMENT STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIAL FOR THE DETERMINATION OF TRACE ORGANIC-CONSTITUENTS SO FRESENIUS JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MULTIDIMENSIONAL GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY AB A river sediment Standard Reference Material (SRM) has been prepared and analyzed for determination of the concentrations of trace organic constituents. SRM 1939, "Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in River Sediment A", has been certified for the concentrations of three PCB congeners using the results obtained from capillary column gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC-ECD) and from multidimensional (dual column) capillary gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (MCGC-MSD). For SRM certification, two independent analytical procedures are usually required. If only one analytical technique is used or if the procedures are not independent, then the concentrations are reported as "noncertified or informational" values rather than "certified" values. Noncertified values for 14 additional PCB congeners and five chlorinated pesticides, determined by GC-ECD, are also reported as well as noncertified concentrations for five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), determined using gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (GC-MSD). SRM 1939 complements SRM 1941, "Organics in Marine Sediment", since both materials have 12 PCB congeners, five PAHs and five chlorinated pesticides in common. However, the concentrations differ by an order of magnitude for PAHs, and from one to over two orders of magnitude for the PCB congeners and chlorinated pesticides. RP REBBERT, RE (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 10 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0937-0633 J9 FRESEN J ANAL CHEM JI Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 342 IS 1-2 BP 30 EP 38 DI 10.1007/BF00321685 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA HA530 UT WOS:A1992HA53000006 ER PT J AU TRUPIN, AS MEIER, MF WAHR, JM AF TRUPIN, AS MEIER, MF WAHR, JM TI EFFECT OF MELTING GLACIERS ON THE EARTHS ROTATION AND GRAVITATIONAL-FIELD - 1965-1984 SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE GLACIERS; GRAVITY; MASS BALANCE; ROTATION ID GLOBAL SEA-LEVEL AB Yearly mass balance data for 85 glaciers in 13 of the 31 mountain glacier systems designated in Meier's (1984) paper are averaged for the years 1965-1984. Average rates of volume change for the 13 regions are compared to Meier's (1984) estimates of glacial melting. These data cover regions that account for about 74 per cent of the volume change estimated to have occurred in all the 31 mountain glacier systems from 1900 to 1984. The volume changes in the 13 regions tend to be less than those calculated by using changes in the volume of glaciers between 1900 and 1961 (Meier 1984). Although the reason for this difference is not well known, it could result from melting, during the first half of the 20th century, of ice accumulated during earlier periods, or a decrease in the rise in atmospheric temperatures from 1945 to 1980. Spatial and temporal empirical orthogonal functional analysis is used to bring out the similarities and differences among the 13 regions and identify those regions contributing most to the variance of the data set. These regions are not necessarily those with the greatest average rates of volume change. Enough spatial variability is present to support the hypothesis that satellites may eventually be able to discern changes in the Earth's glaciers through the gravitational field even though the signal from the mass change is small and changes in the gravitational field of the Earth are contaminated with gravity signals from other mass changes on the Earth's surface and interior. Zonal coefficients of the spherical harmonic expansion of the gravitational potential are calculated for yearly mass changes for these 13 regions up to l = 8. There is little similarity, at decadal periods, between the polar motion excitation from mountain glacier systems and the observed excitation. The majority of observed polar motion excitation could be due to other surface mass changes including continental water storage; see, for example, Chao (1988). The amplitude of the interannual excitation due to the glacial signal computed here is less than 10 per cent of the observed excitation and the secular trend of the excitation from melting glaciers in the 13 regions is about one quarter of that of the observed excitation. Yearly changes in the length of day (LOD) are calculated from the glacial signals and compared to the observed yearly DELTA-LOD (excess LOD) signal. The contribution of glaciers to the total excess LOD signal is less than one part in 150 of the observed signal, as DELTA-LOD is caused mainly by core-mantle coupling at decadal periods, and atmospheric coupling at shorter periods. The contributions to displacement of the centre of mass of the solid Earth as seen by a satellite tracked from the Earth's surface are calculated for the mountain glaciers and an 80 year record of global sea-level. For the glaciers, the average displacements are as much as 1 mm over 20 years and for sea-level, the Z-coordinate of the average displacement is 5 mm over its 80 year record. Interannual signals from tide gauge data are so noisy, we judge the interannual changes in sea-level to be unfit for use in calculating rotational or gravitational effects. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT GEOL SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,INST ARCTIC & ALPINE RES,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP TRUPIN, AS (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,DEPT PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 37 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 108 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1992.tb00835.x PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA GX547 UT WOS:A1992GX54700001 ER PT J AU HULOT, G LEMOUEL, JL WAHR, J AF HULOT, G LEMOUEL, JL WAHR, J TI TAKING INTO ACCOUNT TRUNCATION PROBLEMS AND GEOMAGNETIC MODEL ACCURACY IN ASSESSING COMPUTED FLOWS AT THE CORE MANTLE BOUNDARY SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE ACCURACY; EARTHS CORE SURFACE; FLUID FLOW; GEOMAGNETISM; SPHERICAL HARMONICS; TRUNCATION ID SECULAR VARIATION; EARTHS CORE; VELOCITY-FIELD; SURFACE; MOTIONS; APPROXIMATION; TOP AB Since the time Roberts & Scott (1965) first expressed the key 'frozen flux' hypothesis relating the secular variation of the geomagnetic field (SV) to the flow at the core surface, a large number of studies have been devoted to building maps of the flow and inferring its fundamental properties from magnetic observations at the Earth's surface. There are some well-known difficulties in carrying out these studies, such as the one linked to the non-uniqueness of the flow solution [if no additional constraint is imposed on the flow (Backus 1968)] which has been thoroughly investigated. In contrast little investigation has been made up to now to estimate the exact importance of other difficulties, although the different authors are usually well aware of their existence. In this paper we intend to make as systematic as possible a study of the limitations linked to the use of truncated spherical harmonic expansions in the computation of the flow. Our approach does not rely on other assumptions than the frozen flux, the insulating mantle and the large-scale flow assumptions along with some simple statistical assumptions concerning the flow and the Main Field. Our conclusions therefore apply to any (toroidal, steady or tangentially geostrophic) of the flow models that have already been produced; they can be summarized in the following way: first, because of the unavoidable truncation of the spherical harmonic expansion of the Main Field to degree 13, no information will ever be derived for the components of the flow with degree larger than 12; second, one may truncate the spherical harmonic expansion of the flow to degree 12 with only a small impact on the first degrees of the flow. Third, with the data available at the present day, the components of the flow with degree less than 5 are fairly well known whereas those with degree greater than 8 are absolutely unconstrained. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP HULOT, G (reprint author), INST PHYS GLOBE,GEOMAGNET LAB,4 PL JUSSIEU,F-75252 PARIS 05,FRANCE. RI Hulot, Gauthier/A-5627-2011 NR 34 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 108 IS 1 BP 224 EP 246 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1992.tb00852.x PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA GX547 UT WOS:A1992GX54700018 ER PT B AU MAUL, GA AF MAUL, GA BE LEVI, BG HAFEMEISTER, D SCRIBNER, R TI TEMPERATURE AND SEA-LEVEL CHANGE SO GLOBAL WARMING : PHYSICS AND FACTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SHORT COURSE ON GLOBAL WARMING : PHYSICS AND FACTS CY APR 19-21, 1991 CL GEORGETOWN UNIV, WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER PHYS SOC, FORUM PHYS, AMER PHYS SOC, PANEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS, GEORGETOWN UNIV, SCH FOREIGN SERV, GEORGETOWN UNIV, DEPT PHYS HO GEORGETOWN UNIV RP MAUL, GA (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. RI Maul, George/M-1629-2015 OI Maul, George/0000-0001-8413-7853 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA WOODBURY BN 0-88318-932-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1992 VL 247 BP 78 EP 112 PG 35 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV55X UT WOS:A1992BV55X00005 ER PT J AU SIMS, AC BOWLES, J CROSBY, PB GALE, BT HAMMOND, J REIMANN, CW DEMING, WE CRAWFORDMASON, C CLAUSING, D GALVIN, RW HOCKMAN, KK PIFER, P COOPER, GE LEACH, KE MCKEOWN, K PECK, D SHIBA, S PETERSON, DE IRWIN, BM RICKARD, NE DARBELOFF, A AF SIMS, AC BOWLES, J CROSBY, PB GALE, BT HAMMOND, J REIMANN, CW DEMING, WE CRAWFORDMASON, C CLAUSING, D GALVIN, RW HOCKMAN, KK PIFER, P COOPER, GE LEACH, KE MCKEOWN, K PECK, D SHIBA, S PETERSON, DE IRWIN, BM RICKARD, NE DARBELOFF, A TI DOES THE BALDRIDGE AWARD REALLY WORK SO HARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW LA English DT Discussion C1 MKT DRIVEN QUAL INC,WAYLAND,MA. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD. STAT STUDIES,WASHINGTON,DC. MIT,ENGN INNOVAT & PRACTICE,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. MOTOROLA INC,SCHAUMBURG,IL 60196. DUPONT CO,NEWARK,DE. MCKINSEY & CO,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. COOPER CONSULTING CO INC,DALLAS,TX. LEACH QUAL INC,HUDSON,OH. MCKEOWN & CO,RESTON,VA. DONALDSON LUFKIN & JENRETTE,NEW YORK,NY. MIT,ALFRED P SLOAN SCH MANAGEMENT,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. FORD MOTOR CO,BIRMINGHAM,MI. ENTERPRISE AUSTRALIA,ST LEONARDS,AUSTRALIA. XEROX CORP,STAMFORD,CT. TERADYNE INC,BOSTON,MA. RP SIMS, AC (reprint author), GLOBE MET INC,CLEVELAND,OH, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU HARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW PI BOULDER PA SUBSCRIBER SERVICE, PO BOX 52623, BOULDER, CO 80322-2623 SN 0017-8012 J9 HARVARD BUS REV JI Harv. Bus. Rev. PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 70 IS 1 BP 126 EP 128 PG 3 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA GY395 UT WOS:A1992GY39500013 PM 10119712 ER PT J AU MYERS, DR VAWTER, GA JONES, ED ZIPPERIAN, TE DRUMMOND, TJ FRITZ, IJ DAWSON, LR BRENNAN, TM HAMMONS, BE DATYE, AK SIMONS, DS COMAS, J AF MYERS, DR VAWTER, GA JONES, ED ZIPPERIAN, TE DRUMMOND, TJ FRITZ, IJ DAWSON, LR BRENNAN, TM HAMMONS, BE DATYE, AK SIMONS, DS COMAS, J TI RAPID-THERMAL ANNEALING FOR QUANTUM-WELL HETEROSTRUCTURE DEVICE FABRICATION SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article ID STRAINED-LAYER SUPERLATTICES; ION-IMPLANTATION; LASERS AB We examine ion implantation and rapid-thermal processing for the fabrication of quantum-well, compound-semiconductor heterostructure devices in strained and in lattice-matched material systems. We demonstrate improvements to the performance of two classes of devices that would be particularly sensitive to process-induced defects: p-channel strained-quantum-well field-effect transistors and single-quantum-well diode lasers. We correlated the device results with secondary-ion mass spectroscopy, Hall-effect, transmission-electron microscopy, and photoluminescence. C1 UNIV NEW MEXICO,DEPT CHEM & NUCL ENGN,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87106. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP MYERS, DR (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. OI Datye, Abhaya/0000-0002-7126-8659 NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD JAN PY 1992 VL 39 IS 1 BP 41 EP 49 DI 10.1109/16.108210 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA GV120 UT WOS:A1992GV12000004 ER PT J AU KING, MD KAUFMAN, YJ MENZEL, WP TANRE, D AF KING, MD KAUFMAN, YJ MENZEL, WP TANRE, D TI REMOTE-SENSING OF CLOUD, AEROSOL, AND WATER-VAPOR PROPERTIES FROM THE MODERATE RESOLUTION IMAGING SPECTROMETER (MODIS) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-RADIATION MEASUREMENTS; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS; OPTICAL-THICKNESS; SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; LIGHT-SCATTERING; SOUNDER DATA; AVHRR DATA; CLEAR-SKY; CLIMATE AB The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) is an earth-viewing sensor being developed as a facility instrument for the Earth Observing System (EOS) to be launched in the late 1990's. MODIS consists of two separate instruments that scan a swath width sufficient to provide nearly complete global coverage every 2 days from a polar-orbiting, sun-synchronous, platform at an altitude of 705 km. MODIS-N (nadir) will provide images in 36 spectral bands between 0.415 and 14.235-nu-m with spatial resolutions of 250 m (2 bands), 500 m (5 bands), and 1000 m (29 bands). These bands have been carefully selected to enable advanced studies of land, ocean, and atmospheric processes. In this paper we describe the status of MODIS-N and its companion instrument MODIS-T (tilt), a tiltable cross-track scanning spectrometer with 32 uniformly spaced channels between 0.410 and 0.875-nu-m. In addition, we review the various methods being developed for the remote sensing of atmospheric properties using MODIS, placing primary emphasis on the principal atmospheric applications of determining the optical, microphysical, and physical properties of clouds and aerosol particles from spectral reflection and thermal emission measurements. In addition to cloud and aerosol properties, MODIS-N will be used for determining the total precipitable water vapour and atmospheric stability. The physical principles behind the determination of each of these atmospheric products will be described herein, together with an example of their application to aircraft and/or satellite measurements. Extensions of these and related methods to MODIS observations pose an extraordinary challenge as well as a unique opportunity to enhance our understanding of the earth-atmosphere-ocean system. C1 UNIV LILLE 1,OPT ATMOSPHER LAB,F-59655 VILLENEUVE DASCQ,FRANCE. NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,ADV SATELLITE PROD PROJECT,MADISON,WI 53706. RP KING, MD (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,ATMOSPHERES LAB,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. RI Menzel, W. Paul/B-8306-2011; King, Michael/C-7153-2011 OI Menzel, W. Paul/0000-0001-5690-1201; King, Michael/0000-0003-2645-7298 NR 106 TC 530 Z9 569 U1 12 U2 73 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 1992 VL 30 IS 1 BP 2 EP 27 DI 10.1109/36.124212 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA HC422 UT WOS:A1992HC42200001 ER PT J AU BANJANIN, Z CRUZ, JR ZRNIC, DS AF BANJANIN, Z CRUZ, JR ZRNIC, DS TI A UNIFIED APPROACH TO 3 EIGENDECOMPOSITION METHODS FOR FREQUENCY ESTIMATION SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Letter ID LINEAR PREDICTION AB We present a unified approach to three eigendecomposition-based methods for frequency estimation in the presence of noise. These are the Tufts-Kumaresan (TK) method, the minimum-norm (MN) method, and the total least squares (TLS) method. It is shown that: 1) the MN method is a modified version of the TK method; 2) the TLS method is a generalization of the MN method; 3) the TLS solution vector can be expressed in matrix form, and an alternate way of computing it is presented; 4) the MN and the TLS methods exhibit some improvement over the TK method. C1 NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,ENVIRONM RES LABS,NORMAN,OK 73019. UNIV OKLAHOMA,SCH ELECT ENGN & COMP SCI,NORMAN,OK 73019. RP BANJANIN, Z (reprint author), SIEMENS ULTRASOUND INC,SAN RAMON,CA 94583, USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 40 IS 1 BP 213 EP 218 DI 10.1109/78.157196 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA GW232 UT WOS:A1992GW23200021 ER PT J AU FAVREAU, JP HOGREFE, D KROON, J AF FAVREAU, JP HOGREFE, D KROON, J TI FORMAL METHODS IN CONFORMANCE TESTING - STATUS AND EXPECTATIONS SO IFIP TRANSACTIONS C-COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB This paper presents the current status of the joint ISO/CCITT work on formal methods in conformance testing. After a general introduction to the topic and an overview of the ongoing work, the test case generation methods studied are presented. Additionally, some ongoing research is highlighted. Only work that is going on in the immediate environment of the authors is presented here. C1 UNIV BERN,INST INFORMAT,CH-3012 BERN,SWITZERLAND. PTT RES,2260 AK LEIDSCHENDAM,NETHERLANDS. RP FAVREAU, JP (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,COMP SYST LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-549X J9 IFIP TRANS C JI IFIP Trans. C-Commun. Syst. PY 1992 VL 8 BP 299 EP 316 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA LG019 UT WOS:A1992LG01900020 ER PT J AU LINN, RJ UYAR, MU AF LINN, RJ UYAR, MU TI PROCEEDINGS OF THE IFIP TC6/WG6 .1. 12TH INTERNATIONAL-SYMPOSIUM ON PROTOCOL SPECIFICATION, TESTING AND VERIFICATION LAKE BUENA-VISTA, FLORIDA, USA, 22-25 JUNE, 1992 - PREFACE SO IFIP TRANSACTIONS C-COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 AT&T BELL LABS,HOLMDEL,NJ 07733. RP LINN, RJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,COMP SYST LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-549X J9 IFIP TRANS C JI IFIP Trans. C-Commun. Syst. PY 1992 VL 8 BP R5 EP R6 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA LG019 UT WOS:A1992LG01900001 ER PT J AU FAVREAU, JP NIGHTINGALE, JS AF FAVREAU, JP NIGHTINGALE, JS TI LESSONS FROM THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE UNITED-STATES-GOSIP-TESTING-PROGRAM SO IFIP TRANSACTIONS C-COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS; CONFORMANCE TESTING; INTEROPERABILITY TESTING; OPEN SYSTEMS INTERCONNECTION; UNITED-STATES-GOSIP-TESTING-PROGRAM AB Currently, the U.S. Government mandates use of Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) protocols in procurement of new networks and major upgrades to existing networks. This decision will help to make the 90s the decade of OSI. Vendors strive to meet the challenge of making OSI products available. Users are confused by this new technology. In order to respond to this problem the National Institute of Standards and Technology has set up a comprehensive testing program. An overview of the U.S. GOSIP Testing Program is presented with some of the issues in OSI protocol conformance and interoperability testing raised during its design and implementation. RP FAVREAU, JP (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, COMP SYST LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-549X J9 IFIP TRANS C JI IFIP Trans. C-Commun. Syst. PY 1992 VL 3 BP 3 EP 15 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA KV234 UT WOS:A1992KV23400002 ER PT J AU TSANG, W AF TSANG, W TI CHEMICAL KINETIC DATA-BASE FOR HYDROCARBON PYROLYSIS SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SHOCK-TUBE; COMBUSTION CHEMISTRY; RADICALS; TEMPERATURE; STABILITY; PROPENE AB This paper reports on the current status of efforts designed to establish a data base of evaluated chemical kinetic rate expressions pertaining to the high-temperature degradation of hydrocarbons. Particular attention will be paid to the subset that describes the pyrolytic processes. The approach is to give recommended rate expressions for the interactions of all the species that are likely to be present in these systems. First preference is given to experimental results from studies with unambiguous mechanisms. RRKM calculations are used to extrapolate rate constants for unimolecular and chemical activation processes to all temperatures and pressures. Thermodynamics is an important boundary condition and is used through detailed balancing to derive rate constants if that of the reverse is known. In the absence of data, thermochemical kinetics is used to make estimates. In all cases an estimate of error is given. Specific examples are given to illustrate the methodology. RP TSANG, W (reprint author), NIST,DIV CHEM KINET,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 29 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 31 IS 1 BP 3 EP 8 DI 10.1021/ie00001a001 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA GZ068 UT WOS:A1992GZ06800003 ER PT J AU KELLEY, MH MCCLELLAND, JJ LORENTZ, SR SCHOLTEN, RE CELOTTA, RJ AF KELLEY, MH MCCLELLAND, JJ LORENTZ, SR SCHOLTEN, RE CELOTTA, RJ TI SCATTERING OF POLARIZED ELECTRONS FROM OPTICALLY PUMPED SODIUM ATOMS SO INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article ID SUPERELASTIC SCATTERING; COLLISIONAL ALIGNMENT; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; SPIN; ORIENTATION; NA(3P) AB We have measured the spin-dependence for elastic and superelastic scattering of spin-polarized electrons from optically prepared sodium atoms at selected incident energies from 1.0 to 54.4 eV and for scattering angles ranging from 10-degrees to 140-degrees. Results are presented in terms of physical parameters which emphasize the effects of exchange during collision. The data are compared with predictions from theoretical electron scattering calculations. RP KELLEY, MH (reprint author), NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL, DIV ELECTRON & OPT PHYS, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RI Scholten, Robert/A-8586-2013; McClelland, Jabez/A-2358-2015 OI Scholten, Robert/0000-0002-2337-8036; McClelland, Jabez/0000-0001-5672-5965 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER JI Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. PY 1992 IS 122 BP 23 EP 32 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA HV058 UT WOS:A1992HV05800004 ER PT J AU KIM, JB XIONG, X OBRIAN, TR MCILRATH, TJ LUCATORTO, TB AF KIM, JB XIONG, X OBRIAN, TR MCILRATH, TJ LUCATORTO, TB TI RIS MEASUREMENT OF AC STARK SHIFTS AND PHOTOIONIZATION CROSS-SECTIONS IN CALCIUM SO INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article ID MULTI-PHOTON IONIZATION; XENON; LASER AB The ac Stark shifts of four high-lying Ca levels in intense laser fields (10(8) to 10(10) W/cm2) are studied using two-photon resonant, three-photon ionization spectroscopy. The two-photon Rabi rates and photoionization cross sections for the excited states are also measured, and compared to values obtained from detailed modeling of the RIS profiles. Although three Rydberg levels studied display the expected ponderomotive energy shifts, a fourth doubly-exicted level deviates significantly from ponderomotive behavior. C1 UNIV MARYLAND, IPST, COLL PK, MD 20742 USA. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER JI Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. PY 1992 IS 128 BP 59 EP 62 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA MF508 UT WOS:A1992MF50800013 ER PT J AU SALOMAN, EB AF SALOMAN, EB TI STATUS-REPORT ON THE NATIONAL-INSTITUTE-OF-STANDARDS-AND-TECHNOLOGY RESONANCE IONIZATION SPECTROSCOPY RESONANCE IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY DATA SERVICE SO INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article ID DATA SHEETS AB A resonance ionization spectroscopy data service is established at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. It provides atomic structure and laser information required for RIS/RIMS and publishes formatted data sheets. Three groups of data sheets have been published. They cover Al, As, Au, B, Bi, C, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Ge, Hg, Kr, Mg, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, Si, Sn, and Zn. Preliminary versions of several more have been completed. RP SALOMAN, EB (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTRON & OPT PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0951-3248 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER JI Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. PY 1992 IS 128 BP 67 EP 70 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA MF508 UT WOS:A1992MF50800015 ER PT J AU XIONG, X HUTCHINSON, JMR FASSETT, J FAIRBANK, WM AF XIONG, X HUTCHINSON, JMR FASSETT, J FAIRBANK, WM TI MEASUREMENT OF THE ODD-EVEN EFFECT IN THE RESONANCE IONIZATION OF TIN AS A FUNCTION OF LASER INTENSITY SO INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article AB The variation of the anomalous odd-even effect with laser intensity in single color 1+1 RIMS of tin at 286 nm is reported. The experimental results agree well with theoretical predictions from 10(5) to 3x10(9) W/cm2, provided that the ionization cross sections are reduced by an order of magnitude in accordance with experimentally determined limits. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. EASTERN ANALYT INC,COLL PK,MD 20742. RP XIONG, X (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0951-3248 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER JI Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. PY 1992 IS 128 BP 123 EP 126 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA MF508 UT WOS:A1992MF50800027 ER PT J AU TURK, GC AF TURK, GC TI SPATIALLY SELECTIVE DETECTION OF ANOMALOUS CONTRIBUTIONS TO LASER-ENHANCED IONIZATION IN FLAMES SO INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article ID SPECTROMETRY; SIGNAL AB By control of the voltage applied to the detection electrodes for laser-enhanced ionization in flames, some degree of spatial selectivity can be achieved. This spatially selective detection can be used to study anomalous contributions to flame LEI caused by indirect scattered laser radiation in regions of the flame which are not directly within the laser beam. RP TURK, GC (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0951-3248 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER JI Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. PY 1992 IS 128 BP 157 EP 160 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA MF508 UT WOS:A1992MF50800035 ER PT J AU Tillman, MF AF Tillman, MF GP SE FISHERIES ASSOC TI Bycatch - The issue of the 90's SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SHRIMP BYCATCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Shrimp Bycatch CY MAY 24-27, 1992 CL LAKE BUENA VISTA, FL SP SE Fisheries Assoc C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,US DEPT COMMERCE,NOAA,SILVER SPRING,MD. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHEASTERN FISHERIES ASSOCIATION PI TALLAHASSEE PA 312 E GEORGIA STREET, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32310 PY 1992 BP 13 EP 18 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BF41E UT WOS:A1992BF41E00002 ER PT J AU MUSSELMAN, IH SIMONS, DS LINTON, RW AF MUSSELMAN, IH SIMONS, DS LINTON, RW TI EFFECTS OF SAMPLE GEOMETRY ON INTERELEMENT QUANTITATION IN LASER MICROPROBE MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY AND ION PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE SAMPLE GEOMETRY; INTERELEMENT QUANTITATION; RELATIVE SENSITIVITY FACTOR ID STANDARDS; SPECIMENS AB The effects of sample geometry on elemental quantification by laser microprobe mass spectrometry using the relative sensitivity factor (RSF) approach are addressed. Experiments are described that were conducted to optimize the laser and spectrometer conditions to achieve the best ion intensity characteristics for quantitative analysis. Data were collected under identical laser and spectrometer conditions from three sample geometries (thin film, spheres, and shards) bearing the same nominal elemental glass composition. The absolute elemental signal intensities and calculated RSFs are compared. The best precision for all elements, 16-29%, is achieved for the thin film sample for RSFs referenced to barium. For particles, the precision is, at best, 20-40%, with an accuracy of a factor of two, for elements with low ionization potentials referenced to other elements with low ionization potentials. The non-planar particle geometries result in variations in laser focus, power density and analytical volume which hinder quantification. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CTR ANALYT CHEM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP MUSSELMAN, IH (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT CHEM CB3290,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1176 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Process. PD JAN 1 PY 1992 VL 112 IS 1 BP 19 EP 43 DI 10.1016/0168-1176(92)87030-I PG 25 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA GZ468 UT WOS:A1992GZ46800002 ER PT J AU DOMANSKI, PA MCLINDEN, MO AF DOMANSKI, PA MCLINDEN, MO TI A SIMPLIFIED CYCLE SIMULATION-MODEL FOR THE PERFORMANCE RATING OF REFRIGERANTS AND REFRIGERANT MIXTURES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRIGERATION-REVUE INTERNATIONALE DU FROID LA English DT Article DE VAPOR COMPRESSION CYCLE; REFRIGERANTS; MODELING AB A simulation program, CYCLE11, which is useful for the preliminary evaluation of the performance of refrigerants and refrigerant mixtures in the vapour compression cycle is described. The program simulates a theoretical vapour-compression cycle and departures from the theoretical cycle that occur in a heat pump and in a refrigerator. The cycles are prescribed in terms of the temperatures of the external heat-transfer fluids with the heat exchangers generalized by an average effective temperature difference. The isenthalpic expansion process is assumed. The program includes a rudimentary model of a compressor and a representation of the suction line and liquid line heat exchange. Refrigerant thermodynamic properties are calculated by using the Carnahan-Starling-DeSantis equation of state. Refrigerant transport properties are not included in the simulations. The program can generate merit ratings of refrigerants for which limited measured data are available. An example of simulation results stresses the need for careful application of simplified models and consideration for the assumptions involved. RP DOMANSKI, PA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BLDG ENVIRONM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 9 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0140-7007 J9 INT J REFRIG JI Int. J. Refrig.-Rev. Int. Froid PY 1992 VL 15 IS 2 BP 81 EP 88 DI 10.1016/0140-7007(92)90031-O PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA HE596 UT WOS:A1992HE59600004 ER PT J AU MAGEE, JW HOWLEY, JB AF MAGEE, JW HOWLEY, JB TI VAPOR-PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS ON 1,1,1,2-TETRAFLUOROETHANE (R134A) FROM 180 TO 350-K SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRIGERATION-REVUE INTERNATIONALE DU FROID LA English DT Article DE R134A; VAPOR PRESSURE AB Measurements of vapour pressures were made for 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a) from 180 to 350 K by using a static cell. Temperatures were measured with a platinum resistance thermometer to within an accuracy of +/- 0.03 K. Pressures were measured with calibrated oscillating quartz-crystal pressure transducers with uncertainties estimated to ran from 0.02 to 1.8 kPa. RP MAGEE, JW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Magee, Joseph/A-8496-2009 OI Magee, Joseph/0000-0002-9312-8593 NR 0 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0140-7007 J9 INT J REFRIG JI Int. J. Refrig.-Rev. Int. Froid PY 1992 VL 15 IS 6 BP 362 EP 364 DI 10.1016/0140-7007(92)90019-Q PG 3 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA JX057 UT WOS:A1992JX05700007 ER PT J AU MAGEE, JW AF MAGEE, JW TI MEASUREMENTS OF MOLAR HEAT-CAPACITY AT CONSTANT VOLUME (CV) FOR 1,1,1,2-TETRAFLUOROETHANE (R134A) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRIGERATION-REVUE INTERNATIONALE DU FROID LA English DT Article DE HEAT CAPACITY; R134A; CALORIMETER AB The molar heat capacity at constant volume was measured by applying an adiabatic method. Heat capacities at 310 state conditions were measured. Measurements were made on liquid in equilibrium with its vapour, and on compressed liquid samples of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a), at temperatures from 172 to 343 K with pressures as high as 35 MPa. In the course of these measurements, a determination of the triple point temperature (169.85 +/- 0.01 K) was made. For the high purity (0.9999+) sample, results were obtained for two-phase (C(v)(2)), saturated liquid (C(sigma)) and single-phase (C(v)) molar heat capacities as a function of measured temperature, pressure and density. The maximum probable uncertainty of the heat capacity values is estimated not to exceed +/- 0.5%. RP MAGEE, JW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Magee, Joseph/A-8496-2009 OI Magee, Joseph/0000-0002-9312-8593 NR 0 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0140-7007 J9 INT J REFRIG JI Int. J. Refrig.-Rev. Int. Froid PY 1992 VL 15 IS 6 BP 372 EP 380 DI 10.1016/0140-7007(92)90021-L PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA JX057 UT WOS:A1992JX05700009 ER PT J AU HUBER, ML ELY, JF AF HUBER, ML ELY, JF TI AN EQUATION OF STATE FORMULATION OF THE THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF R134A (1,1,1,2-TETRAFLUOROETHANE) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRIGERATION-REVUE INTERNATIONALE DU FROID LA English DT Article DE EQUATION OF STATE; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; R134A AB New correlations for the thermodynamic properties of R134a are presented. A classical equation for the molar Helmholtz energy is used with temperature and density as the independent variables. The equation is accurate for both the liquid and vapour phases at pressures up to 70 MPa, and for a temperature range from the triple point to 450 K. Temperatures are given on the new International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS 90). The equation was developed by using experimental data for pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) properties, isochoric heat capacity, second virial coefficients, speed of sound and coexistence properties. Comparisons with experimental data and with two other equations of state are given. Ancillary equations representing the saturated liquid and vapour densities and the vapour pressure are also presented. RP HUBER, ML (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0140-7007 J9 INT J REFRIG JI Int. J. Refrig.-Rev. Int. Froid PY 1992 VL 15 IS 6 BP 393 EP 400 DI 10.1016/0140-7007(92)90024-O PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA JX057 UT WOS:A1992JX05700012 ER PT J AU RATTANAWANGCHAROEN, N SHAH, AH DATTA, SK AF RATTANAWANGCHAROEN, N SHAH, AH DATTA, SK TI WAVE-PROPAGATION IN LAMINATED COMPOSITE CIRCULAR-CYLINDERS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID CYLINDRICAL-SHELLS AB A stiffness method is used to study the dispersion characteristics of waves propagating in laminated composite cylinders. Each lamina of the cylinder can possess distinct anisotropic properties, mass density and thickness. The objective of the study is to analyze the effects of the circumferential wave number, ply lay up configuration, number of layers, and the thickness-to-radius ratio on the dispersion characteristics. A Rayleigh-Ritz type of approximation of the through-thickness variation of the displacements which maintains the continuity of displacements and tractions at the interfaces between the layers has been used. The numerical results are compared with those obtained from the method using quadratic interpolation functions and also with the analytical solutions to illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the method. Frequency spectra for four ply [+30/-30]s and [+15/-15]s, sixteen ply [+15/-15]s and twelve ply [0(2)/+45/-45/0(2)]s graphite/epoxy laminated composite cylinders are also presented. Numerical results show strong influence of anisotropy on the guided waves. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT MECH ENGN,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP RATTANAWANGCHAROEN, N (reprint author), UNIV MANITOBA,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,WINNIPEG R3T 2N2,MANITOBA,CANADA. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PY 1992 VL 29 IS 6 BP 767 EP 781 DI 10.1016/0020-7683(92)90126-E PG 15 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA GV053 UT WOS:A1992GV05300007 ER PT J AU CEZAIRLIYAN, A MIILLER, AP AF CEZAIRLIYAN, A MIILLER, AP TI RADIANCE TEMPERATURES (IN THE WAVELENGTH RANGE 522-906NM) OF NIOBIUM AT ITS MELTING-POINT BY A PULSE-HEATING TECHNIQUE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2ND WORKSHOP ON SUBSECOND THERMOPHYSICS CY SEP 20-21, 1990 CL CNR, IST METROL GUSTAVO COLONNETTI, TORINO, ITALY HO CNR, IST METROL GUSTAVO COLONNETTI DE HIGH-SPEED PYROMETRY; HIGH TEMPERATURE; MELTING; MULTIWAVELENGTH PYROMETRY; PULSE HEATING; NIOBIUM; RADIANCE TEMPERATURE AB Radiance temperatures (at six wavelengths in the range 522-906 nm) of niobium at its melting point were measured by a pulse-heating technique. The method is based on rapid resistive self-heating of the specimen from room temperature to its melting point in less than 1 s and on simultaneously measuring the specimen radiance temperatures every 0.5 ms with a high-speed multiwavelength pyrometer. Melting was manifested by a plateau in the radiance temperature-versus-time function for each wavelength. The melting-point radiance' temperatures for a given specimen were determined by averaging the measured temperatures along the plateau at each wavelength (standard deviation of an individual temperature from the mean: 0.1-0.4 K). The melting-point radiance temperatures for niobium were determined, by averaging the results at each wavelength for 10 specimens (standard deviation: 0.3 K), as follows: 2497 K at 522 nm, 2445 K at 617 nm, 2422 K at 653 nm, 2393 K at 708 nm, 2337 K at 809 nm, and 2282 K at 906 nm. Based on estimates of the random and systematic errors arising from pyrometry and specimen conditions, the total error in the reported values is about 5 K at 653 nm and 6 K at the other wavelengths. RP CEZAIRLIYAN, A (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 20 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 13 IS 1 BP 39 EP 55 DI 10.1007/BF00503354 PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA GY112 UT WOS:A1992GY11200005 ER PT J AU MCCLURE, JL CEZAIRLIYAN, A AF MCCLURE, JL CEZAIRLIYAN, A TI MEASUREMENT OF THE HEAT OF FUSION OF TITANIUM AND A TITANIUM-ALLOY (90TI-6AI-4V) BY A MICROSECOND-RESOLUTION TRANSIENT TECHNIQUE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2ND WORKSHOP ON SUBSECOND THERMOPHYSICS CY SEP 20-21, 1990 CL CNR, IST METROL GUSTAVO COLONNETTI, TORINO, ITALY HO CNR, IST METROL GUSTAVO COLONNETTI DE HEAT OF FUSION; HIGH TEMPERATURES; MELTING; PULSE HEATING; TITANIUM; TITANIUM ALLOY (90TI-6AI-4V); TRANSIENT TECHNIQUES AB A microsecond-resolution pulse heating technique was used for the measurement of the heat of fusion of titanium and a titanium alloy (90Ti-6Al-4V), The method is based on rapid (50- to 100--mu-s) resistive self-heating of the specimen by a high-current pulse from a capacitor discharge system and measuring, as functions of time, current through the specimen, voltage across the specimen, and radiance of the specimen. Melting of the specimen is manifested by a plateau in the measured radiance. The time integral of the net power absorbed by the specimen during melting yields the heat of fusion. The values obtained for heat of fusion were 272 J . g-1 (1 3.0 kJ . mol-1) for titanium and 286 J . g-1 for the alloy 90Ti-6Al-4V, with an estimated maximum uncertainty of +/- 6% in each value. RP MCCLURE, JL (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 13 IS 1 BP 75 EP 81 DI 10.1007/BF00503357 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA GY112 UT WOS:A1992GY11200008 ER PT J AU PLANTE, ER HASTIE, JW KOWALSKA, M AF PLANTE, ER HASTIE, JW KOWALSKA, M TI ACTIVITY OF FEO IN THE FEO-MGO-SIO2 SYSTEM DETERMINED BY HIGH-TEMPERATURE MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO ISIJ INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE THERMODYNAMIC ACTIVITY; MASS SPECTROMETRY; SLAGS; FEO; MGO; SIO2 ID THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS; PREDICTION AB Using the Knudsen-cell mass-spectrometric technique, coupled with an analysis based on the Gibbs-Duhem integration of mass spectral ion-intensity ratios, activities have been obtained for the molten FeO-MgO-SiO2 system. The thermodynamic activity of FeO has been determined as a function of FeO content (0.1-0.9 mole fraction FeO) across the ternary section defined by an MgO to SiO2 mole fraction ratio of unity. A significant positive deviation from ideal solution behavior is found for the FeO activity. RP PLANTE, ER (reprint author), NIST,DIV MET,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IRON STEEL INST JAPAN KEIDANREN KAIKAN PI TOKYO PA 9-4 OTEMACHI 1-CHOME CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO 100, JAPAN SN 0915-1559 J9 ISIJ INT JI ISIJ Int. PY 1992 VL 32 IS 12 BP 1276 EP 1279 DI 10.2355/isijinternational.32.1276 PG 4 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA KD049 UT WOS:A1992KD04900003 ER PT J AU HUNSTON, DL AF HUNSTON, DL TI BASCOM,WILLARD,D,BILL 1931-1991 - IN MEMORIAM SO JOURNAL OF ADHESION LA English DT Item About an Individual RP HUNSTON, DL (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0021-8464 J9 J ADHESION JI J. Adhes. PY 1992 VL 36 IS 4 BP 209 EP 212 DI 10.1080/00218469208026526 PG 4 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA HT927 UT WOS:A1992HT92700001 ER PT J AU SEGAL, M KALLOS, G BROWN, J MANDEL, M AF SEGAL, M KALLOS, G BROWN, J MANDEL, M TI MORNING TEMPORAL VARIATIONS OF SHELTER-LEVEL SPECIFIC-HUMIDITY SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER GROWTH; CANOPY TEMPERATURES; WET SOIL; EVAPORATION; IMPACT; MODEL AB The temporal variation of specific humidity during morning hours was evaluated by analytic and numerical model scaling as well as by observational means. The scaling quantified (i) the gradual increase in the shelter specific humidity as the surface temperature inversion is eroded during the morning hours; (ii) the sharp decrease in the shelter specific humidity when the newly developed boundary layer merges with the previous day's elevated neutral layer. The relation of these patterns to the early-morning thermal stratification and the Bowen ratio was estimated. Observational data supported the general features suggested by the scaling evaluations. The applied significance of the presented specific-humidity patterns is outlined. C1 UNIV ATHENS,DEPT APPL PHYS,ATHENS,GREECE. NOAA,FORECAST SYST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. ISRAEL METEOROL SERV,BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. RP SEGAL, M (reprint author), UNIV KANSAS,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,LAWRENCE,KS 66045, USA. RI Brown, John/D-3361-2015 NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 31 IS 1 BP 74 EP 85 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1992)031<0074:MTVOSL>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GZ469 UT WOS:A1992GZ46900005 ER PT J AU DEFIBAUGH, DR MORRISON, G AF DEFIBAUGH, DR MORRISON, G TI COMPRESSED LIQUID DENSITIES AND SATURATION DENSITIES OF CHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE (R22) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article AB Density measurements for liquid chlorodifluoromethane (R22) were made with a vibrating-tube densimeter. The data range from 0.444 to 1.334 g/cm3 along 13 isotherms between 263 and 373 K and pressures between 1000 and 6200 kPa. The accuracy of the data is estimated to be +/- 0.05%, except in the near-critical region. RP DEFIBAUGH, DR (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,DIV THERMOPHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 6 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD JAN PY 1992 VL 37 IS 1 BP 107 EP 110 DI 10.1021/je00005a028 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA HB395 UT WOS:A1992HB39500028 ER PT J AU HO, J POLAK, ML LINEBERGER, WC AF HO, J POLAK, ML LINEBERGER, WC TI PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY OF GROUP-IV HEAVY-METAL DIMERS - SN2-, PB2-, AND SNPB- SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURE DETACHMENT INTENSITIES; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; LOW-LYING STATES; CLUSTER ANIONS; NEGATIVE-IONS; ELECTRON-AFFINITY; BINDING-ENERGIES; SPECTROMETRY; SPECTRA; VAPORIZATION AB Negative ion photoelectron spectra of Sn2-, SnPb-, and Pb2- are presented for electron binding energies up to 3.35 eV. Each spectrum exhibits multiple electronic bands, most of which contain resolved vibrational structure. Franck-Condon analyses yield spectroscopic parameters (r(e), omega(e), and T(e)) for the anion ground states and the neutral excited states. Adiabatic electron affinities are determined to be: EA(Sn2 ) = 1.962 +/- 0.010 eV, EA(Pb2 ) = 1.366 +/- 0.010 eV, and EA(SnPb) = 1.569 +/- 0.008 eV. The anion dissociation energies D0 (Sn2-) and D0 (Pb2-) are derived from the electron affinities and the neutral dissociation energies. For SnPb-, the dissociation energy difference D0 (SnPb-) - D0 (SnPb) is precisely measured. Based on the present data, previous experiments and ab initio calculations, we assign most of the observed bands to the corresponding neutral low-lying electronic states. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80302. RP HO, J (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 42 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 1992 VL 96 IS 1 BP 144 EP 154 DI 10.1063/1.462503 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA GY249 UT WOS:A1992GY24900016 ER PT J AU KNUTSEN, K BIERBAUM, VM LEONE, SR AF KNUTSEN, K BIERBAUM, VM LEONE, SR TI EFFECT OF ENHANCED COLLISION ENERGY ON PRODUCT VIBRATIONAL-EXCITATION FOR THE PROTON-TRANSFER REACTION - O- + HF-]F- + OH(V = 0,1) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; ION-MOLECULE REACTIONS; ROTATIONAL DISTRIBUTIONS; FLOWING AFTERGLOW; REACTION DYNAMICS; HYDROGEN BROMIDE; + CL; DISPOSAL; ATOM; PROBABILITIES AB Relative vibrational state populations are determined for the OH product in the reaction O- + HF --> F- + OH(upsilon = 0,1) as a function of reactant center-of-mass collision energy in a flow-drift tube. The OH(upsilon = 0,1) vibrational states are measured using laser-induced fluorescence detection, and the relative vibrational signals are converted to absolute populations by normalizing the results at thermal energy to the absolute measurement by Hamilton et al. [Chem. Phys. Lett. 94, 4 (1983)]. At thermal energy, the OH (upsilon = 1 fractional population {OH(upsilon = 1)/[OH(upsilon = 0) + OH(upsilon = 1)]} is 0.18 +/- 0.01. At enhanced average collision energies of 9.6 and 15.4 kJ mol-1, the OH(upsilon = 1) population increases to 0.25 +/- 0.02 and 0.33 +/- 0.03, respectively. The results are considered in terms of the deep attractive well in the ion-molecule potential-energy surface which dominates the reaction dynamics. C1 UNIV COLORADO, DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP UNIV COLORADO, NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NR 50 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 1992 VL 96 IS 1 BP 298 EP 306 DI 10.1063/1.462518 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA GY249 UT WOS:A1992GY24900031 ER PT J AU FIELD, LJ WALKER, AH AF FIELD, LJ WALKER, AH TI OVERVIEW OF SUBSISTENCE FOOD SAFETY ISSUES AND THE EXXON-VALDEZ OIL-SPILL SO JOURNAL OF CLEAN TECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article RP FIELD, LJ (reprint author), NOAA,DIV HAZARDOUS MAT RESPONSE & ASSESSMENT,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 1052-1062 J9 J CLEAN TECHNOL ENV JI J. Clean Technol. Environ. Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 1992 VL 2 IS 1 BP 57 EP 64 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HX812 UT WOS:A1992HX81200007 ER PT J AU ANGELL, JK AF ANGELL, JK TI RELATION BETWEEN 300-MB NORTH POLAR VORTEX AND EQUATORIAL SST, QBO, AND SUNSPOT NUMBER AND THE RECORD CONTRACTION OF THE VORTEX IN 1988-89 SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; 11-YEAR SOLAR-CYCLE; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; HEMISPHERE; TROPOSPHERE; PACIFIC; STRATOSPHERE; CIRCULATION; WINTER; MB AB The size of the 300-mb north circumpolar vortex and quadrants has been estimated between 1963 and 1989 by planimetering the area poleward of contours in the main belt of westerlies on the 300-mb mean-monthly polar-stereographic maps analyzed by the Meteorological Institute, Free University of Berlin. The annual-mean vortex was most contracted in 1989, 6.4% less than average size, and next most contracted in 1988, 4.6% less than average size. There have been three extensive vortex displacements during this period, the last toward the North Pacific and associated with the strong El Nino of 1982-83. Based on 108 seasonal deviations, there has been a significant correlation of -0.39 between sea surface temperature (SST) in the eastern equatorial Pacific and vortex size three seasons later, that is, the vortex has tended to be contracted following El Nino. There has been a highly significant correlation of 0.45 between this SST and the size of quadrant 90-degrees-W-180-degrees in the same season, that is, this "El Nino" quadrant has tended to be expanded at the time of El Nino. The correlation of -0.29 between the 50-mb zonal wind at Singapore and vortex size one season later (contracted vortex in the west-wind phase of the stratospheric equatorial QBO) is not significant. There is better evidence for contraction of the vortex in the west-wind phase of the QBO when the sunspot number is relatively high. RP ANGELL, JK (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,AIR RESOURCES LAB,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. NR 24 TC 26 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 5 IS 1 BP 22 EP 29 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1992)005<0022:RBMNPV>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HM944 UT WOS:A1992HM94400002 ER PT J AU GOYAL, IC GALLAWA, RL GHATAK, AK AF GOYAL, IC GALLAWA, RL GHATAK, AK TI AN APPROXIMATE SOLUTION OF THE WAVE EQUATION-REVISITED - REPLY SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Note RP GOYAL, IC (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,OPT ELECTR METEROL GRP,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU VSP BV PI ZEIST PA PO BOX 346, 3700 AH ZEIST, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5071 J9 J ELECTROMAGNET WAVE JI J. Electromagn. Waves Appl. PY 1992 VL 6 IS 11 BP 1601 EP 1601 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA JX419 UT WOS:A1992JX41900009 ER PT J AU KENWORTHY, WJ FONSECA, MS AF KENWORTHY, WJ FONSECA, MS TI THE USE OF FERTILIZER TO ENHANCE GROWTH OF TRANSPLANTED SEAGRASSES ZOSTERA-MARINA L AND HALODULE-WRIGHTII ASCHERS SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FERTILIZER; GROWTH; HALODULE WRIGHTII; N; NUTRIENT; P; SEAGRASS; TRANSPLANT; ZOSTERA-MARINA ID NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; SYRINGODIUM-FILIFORME; CARBONATE SEDIMENTS; EELGRASS; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; AMMONIUM; BEDS AB The effect of two slow release fertilizers on the survival and growth of transplants of two seagrasses, Zostera marina L. and Halodule wrightii Aschers was examined. The two fertilizers, an unbalanced nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium formulation (18-0-0) and a balanced (14-14-14) formulation, were applied to bare root transplant units (PU) of each seagrass at three doses, 10, 90, and 170 g per PU. Survival and growth of the transplants, nutrient release from the fertilizers, and several environmental characteristics of the study sites were examined. Nitrogen enrichment enhanced vegetative reproduction, the rate of area covered and leaf growth in a fall transplant of Z. marina, but only moderately stimulated growth in the spring, confirming that nitrogen may limit the rate of development of newly established populations of Z. marina. There was no effect of nitrogen on survival of Z. marina nor on the growth and survival of H. wrightii transplants. No phosphorus was released from the balanced fertilizers in the spring and fall experiments and no nitrogen was released from the unbalanced formulation in the spring Z. marina experiment. Therefore, it was not possible to examine the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus interactions on plant growth and vegetative reproduction. Nitrogen enrichment may be used to stimulate shoot growth of Z. marina transplants, and we suggest alternative procedures of fertilizer application to overcome problems of nutrient release. RP KENWORTHY, WJ (reprint author), NOAA,NMES,BEAUFORT LAB,101 PIVERS ISLAND RD,BEAUFORT,NC 28516, USA. NR 27 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PY 1992 VL 163 IS 2 BP 141 EP 161 PG 21 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA KD970 UT WOS:A1992KD97000001 ER PT J AU STABENAU, EK LANDRY, AM CAILLOUET, CW AF STABENAU, EK LANDRY, AM CAILLOUET, CW TI SWIMMING PERFORMANCE OF CAPTIVE-REARED KEMP RIDLEY SEA-TURTLES LEPIDOCHELYS-KEMPI (GARMAN) SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LEPIDOCHELYS-KEMPI; LIMB AND VENTILATORY FREQUENCY; SEA TURTLE; SWIMMING CAPACITY ID CARETTA-CARETTA L; OFFSHORE MIGRATION; ORIENTATION AB Swimming performance of Kemp's ridley sea turtles Lepidochelys kempi (Garman) was evaluated over a 6-month period to determine whether an exercise regime increased swimming capacity in captive reared turtles. Three experimental treatments included: (1) turtles exercised twice weekly and exposed to a weekly stamina test; (2) turtles subjected only to a weekly stamina test; and (3) non-exercised controls exposed to a single stamina test at the end of the study. No statistically significant difference in swimming capacity was detected between treatments 1 and 2, although treatment 1 turtles achieved higher performance levels than those from treatment 2. However, treatment 1 turtles exhibited fewer breaths/min (BRM) and foreflipper strokes/min (FSM) during stamina tests than did treatment 2 turtles. In contrast, control turtles (treatment 3) were unable to achieve the minimum swimming performance level. These results indicate that the swimming performances of exercised turtles significantly improved during captive rearing. The possible effects of an exercise regime on post-release survival potential are discussed. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT WILDLIFE & FISHERIES SCI,COLL STN,TX 77843. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,GALVESTON LAB,GALVESTON,TX 77550. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PY 1992 VL 161 IS 2 BP 213 EP 222 DI 10.1016/0022-0981(92)90098-U PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA JW892 UT WOS:A1992JW89200005 ER PT J AU TURNER, JT TESTER, PA AF TURNER, JT TESTER, PA TI ZOOPLANKTON FEEDING ECOLOGY - BACTERIVORY BY METAZOAN MICROZOOPLANKTON SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BACTERIOVORY; COPEPOD NAUPLIUS; MICROBIAL LOOP; MICROZOOPLANKTON; ROTIFER ID ACARTIA-TONSA DANA; PROTOZOAN BACTERIVORY; PLANKTON COMMUNITY; CALANOID COPEPODS; NATURAL BACTERIA; SIZE SELECTION; COASTAL WATERS; FOOD WEBS; MARINE; BACTERIOPLANKTON AB Bacterivory by the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis Muller, nauplii and copepodites of the copepods Centropages Kroyer sp. and Acartia tonsa Dana, and the tintinnid Favella panamensis Kofoid & Campbell was examined using fluorescently labelled bacteria (FLB) and epifluorescence microscopy. FLB were < 1 mum in diameter, and were offered at environmental concentrations (1.47-9.08 x 10(6) cells.ml-1). FLB were visible within rotifers, nauplii, copepodites, and tintinnids, confirming ingestion. Rotifer clearance rates (32-418 mul.animal-1.h-1) exhibited no relation with FLB concentration. In some cases rates of clearance of FLB by rotifers were different with alternative phytoplankton food (Nanochloris Naumann sp.) than in replicates with FLB alone, whereas in other cases presence of alternative food exhibited no clear effects on rates of ingestion of FLB. Clearance rates for all six naupliar stages of A. tonsa nauplii (0-320 mul.animal-1.h-1) were stage-related, with higher rates by NIII-VI nauplii than NI-II nauplii. Nauplii had higher rates of clearance of FLB in the absence of alternative phytoplankton food (Isochrysis Parke sp.). Clearance rates of FLB by a single stage of Centropages sp. nauplii, A. tonsa CI copepodites and F. panamensis (each obtained at only a single food concentration of either 1.5 or 5.0 x 10(6) cells.ml-1) were within the range of 85-142 mul.animal-1.h-1. These ranges were similar to those of rotifers and A. tonsa nauplii. This is the first report of FLB ingestion by metazoan marine microzooplankton. Although rotifers and ciliates might be expected to ingest small particles such as FLB using ciliary induced feeding currents, the means by which nauplii and copepodites eat FLB is less clear. We propose that they may "eat" bacteria as they "drink" to osmoregulate. C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,CTR MARINE SCI & TECHNOL,N DARTMOUTH,MA 02747. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES CTR,BEAUFORT LAB,BEAUFORT,NC 28516. RP TURNER, JT (reprint author), UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT BIOL,N DARTMOUTH,MA 02747, USA. NR 71 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PY 1992 VL 160 IS 2 BP 149 EP 167 DI 10.1016/0022-0981(92)90235-3 PG 19 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA JV268 UT WOS:A1992JV26800001 ER PT J AU KRZYNOWEK, J ULJUA, DS PANUNZIO, LJ MANEY, RS AF KRZYNOWEK, J ULJUA, DS PANUNZIO, LJ MANEY, RS TI FACTORS AFFECTING FAT, CHOLESTEROL, AND OMEGA-3-FATTY-ACIDS IN MAINE SARDINES SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FISH; SARDINES; FAT; CHOLESTEROL; UNSATURATION ID FLESH AB Maine sardines harvested June, July, October, and November were analyzed for moisture, ash, fat, cholesterol, and fatty acids either as whole fish, raw dressed, steam precooked, and after canning in soy oil, menhaden oil, or in the liquid exuded after steam precooking (cookout liquid). Fat content ranged from 5% for juvenile herring sampled June and October to 11% in maturing herring harvested prior to the spawning season in July. All canning liquids contributed to elevated fat content in the finished product. Herring packed in soy oil or cookout liquid had about 90 mg cholesterol/100g samples. Herring packed in menhaden oil had 100-115 mg cholesterol/100g. Herring packed in either of the two fish oil solutions contained significantly more omega-3 fatty acids and had a greater ratio of omega-3:omega-6 than those packed in soy oil. RP KRZYNOWEK, J (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,LIPID ANALYT CHEM UNIT,GLOUCESTER LAB,30 EMERSON AVE,GLOUCESTER,MA 01930, USA. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 57 IS 1 BP 63 EP & DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1992.tb05425.x PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA HD555 UT WOS:A1992HD55500016 ER PT J AU RUFENACH, CL MCPHERRON, RL SCHAPER, J AF RUFENACH, CL MCPHERRON, RL SCHAPER, J TI THE QUIET GEOMAGNETIC-FIELD AT GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT AND ITS DEPENDENCE ON SOLAR-WIND DYNAMIC PRESSURE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETOSPHERIC MAGNETIC-FIELD; MODEL; MAGNETOPAUSE AB Vector magnetic fields at geosynchronous orbit were measured during 1980-1984 using the operational GOES 2, GOES 5, and GOES 6 spacecraft magnetometers. We corrected these spacecraft measurements for offsets due to spacecraft state and then used these field estimates to create a data base with 1-min resolution. Hourly quiet field values were calculated for these years from this data base using the ground-based geomagnetic index criteria AE < 120 nT and \Dst\ < 20 nT. These quiet field components, rotated into dipole HVD coordinates, were approximated by the first two coefficients of a two-dimensional Fourier series in time of day and season. These Fourier harmonics provide a compact method of approximating the quiet synchronous field at any time of day and any season. The quiet geosynchronous field components, to first order, are given by mean values of about 90 nT, -60 nT, and 5 nT; and sinusoidal diurnal amplitudes of about 21 nT, 5 nT, and 5 nT, respectively, for H, V, and D where the spacecraft magnetometer was located near the geomagnetic meridian. The second harmonic diurnal amplitudes and the first and second harmonic seasonal amplitudes are typically of the order of a few nanoteslas or less except for the D component, which exhibits a larger seasonal variation. Furthermore, a one-dimensional Fourier series in time of day was used to study the quiet field dependence on solar wind dynamic pressure, P(d), by indexing the measurements into five pressure ranges during 1980. The H component of the quiet field increased 4.6 nT from 80.2 to 84.8 nT in its mean amplitude and 20.8 nT from 11.9 to 32.7 nT in its first harmonic amplitude for P(d) increasing from 0.71 x 10(-8) to 3.31 x 10(-8) dyn/cm2. These quiet H measurements, including the pressure dependence, are compared with a first-order field model (Mead, 1964) superimposed with a tail current, resulting in magnetospheric currents (magnetopause and tail) in agreement with previous model values. The measured field pressure dependence and the Mead model suggest a tail current dependence on pressure. C1 NOAA,SPACE ENVIRONM LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,INST GEOPHYS & PLANETARY PHYS,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. NR 15 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 1992 VL 97 IS A1 BP 25 EP 42 DI 10.1029/91JA02135 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA GY568 UT WOS:A1992GY56800003 ER PT J AU QUINN, FH AF QUINN, FH TI HYDRAULIC RESIDENCE TIMES FOR THE LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE RESIDENCE TIMES; FLUSHING RATES; WATER QUALITY; GREAT LAKES; CLIMATE CHANGE ID IMPACTS AB The Laurentian Great Lakes comprise one of the major water resources of North America. For many water quality studies the hydraulic residence times or replacement times of the Great Lakes serve as measures of how quickly water quality will change in response to changes in contaminant loadings. The residence time for a conservative substance represents the average time a conservative substance which remains dissolved in the water spends in a lake. The hydraulic residence times of conservative substances for the Great Lakes are relatively long ranging, from close to 200 years for Lake Superior to a little over 2 years for Lake Erie. A major reduction of 38 years was found in the residence time for Lake Michigan (62 years as compared with the 100 year value previously reported) due to the consideration of flow exchange between Lakes Michigan and Huron. This indicates that Lake Michigan may respond much faster to reductions in contaminant loadings than previously expected. Because of their low ratio of volume to outflow, only Lakes Erie and Ontario are affected by normal climatic variations of less than 20 years in duration. Extreme lake level conditions over the period of 2 to 8 years can also significantly affect the residence times of Lakes Erie and Ontario. Thus high levels in the early 1970s may have contributed to the improvement of water quality in Lake Erie. Existing diversions and potential global warming appear to have no significant effect on residence times. RP QUINN, FH (reprint author), GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. NR 10 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 5 U2 18 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1992 VL 18 IS 1 BP 22 EP 28 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA HP681 UT WOS:A1992HP68100003 ER PT J AU EADIE, BJ MOREHEAD, NR VALKLUMP, J LANDRUM, PF AF EADIE, BJ MOREHEAD, NR VALKLUMP, J LANDRUM, PF TI DISTRIBUTION OF HYDROPHOBIC ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS BETWEEN DISSOLVED AND PARTICULATE ORGANIC-MATTER IN GREEN BAY WATERS SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE PARTICULATE MATTER; PARTITIONING; LAKE MICHIGAN; ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; PONTOPOREIA-HOYI; NATURAL-WATERS; SORPTION; BIOAVAILABILITY; ACCUMULATION; POLLUTANTS; BINDING AB Water samples freshly collected from southern Green Bay were innoculated with radiolabelled hydrophobic organic compounds (HOC) and, after equilibration, separated into particle bound, dissolved organic matter (DOM) bound and freely dissolved phases. Ambient suspended matter (2.7-28 ppm) and dissolved organic carbon (5.2-11.5 ppm) were high in concentration relative to the open Great Lakes, but HOC distribution coefficients were not significantly different between Green Bay and previously measured open Great Lakes values. HOC in the particle phase ranged from 3% for 4-MCB to 53% for BaP and DDT. HOC associated with DOM was generally higher than for open lake samples, and ranged from 2% for 2,2',5,5'-TCB to 26.5% for 4-MCB. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,CTR GREAT LAKES STUDIES,MILWAUKEE,WI 53201. RP EADIE, BJ (reprint author), NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. OI Morehead, Nancy/0000-0003-3859-3035 NR 18 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1992 VL 18 IS 1 BP 91 EP 97 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA HP681 UT WOS:A1992HP68100009 ER PT J AU BOLSENGA, SJ AF BOLSENGA, SJ TI A REVIEW OF GREAT-LAKES ICE RESEARCH SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE GREAT LAKES ICE; FRESH-WATER ICE ID FRESH-WATER ICE; ERIE; NM AB A review of over 250 scientific and engineering articles on ice research in the Great Lakes covering the period 1906-91, with emphasis on the period 1960-91, shows a wide diversity of subject material. Studies on ice extent are the most prevalent. The engineering aspects of ice, primarily ice control structures, and ice forecasting have also received significant attention. Brief summaries of the articles are provided. The intention of this review is to provide an overview and a reference source of research conducted on Great Lakes ice. RP BOLSENGA, SJ (reprint author), NOAA,US DEPT COMMERCE,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. NR 257 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1992 VL 18 IS 1 BP 169 EP 189 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA HP681 UT WOS:A1992HP68100015 ER PT J AU HERCHE, LR HARTMANN, HC AF HERCHE, LR HARTMANN, HC TI ESTIMATION OF GREAT-LAKES WATER LEVEL STATISTICS - CONDITIONING VIA THE BOOTSTRAP SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE GREAT LAKES; WATER LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS; FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION; STATISTICAL METHODS; BOOTSTRAP AB Reliable lake level frequency distributions are a critical component of any comprehensive strategy for coping with Great Lakes water level fluctuations. However, statistical techniques commonly used as riverine systems are inappropriate for large lake systems, due to the levels' long-term persistence and dependence on the prevailing climatic regime. To illustrate an alternative methodology, we present a series of resampling analyses modeled after well-known bootstrap techniques applied to 130 years of monthly Lake Erie water level records. The analyses show that lake level exceedance probabilities should be conditioned on 1) length of planning horizon, 2) starting month of planning horizon, 3) initial lake level, and 4) climatic regime. Our methodology can be extended to additionally consider storm and wind effects on levels, to incorporate levels data available for discontinuous periods prior to 1860, and to develop other types of lake level statistics useful to decision makers, such as duration and time-to-exceedance probabilities. RP HERCHE, LR (reprint author), NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1992 VL 18 IS 1 BP 218 EP 228 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA HP681 UT WOS:A1992HP68100021 ER PT J AU SCHWAB, DJ LESHKEVICH, GA MUHR, GC AF SCHWAB, DJ LESHKEVICH, GA MUHR, GC TI SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS OF SURFACE-WATER TEMPERATURE IN THE GREAT-LAKES - GREAT-LAKES COASTWATCH SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE GREAT LAKES; SATELLITE; WATER TEMPERATURE ID MICHIGAN AB This paper describes the NOAA CoastWatch program for the Great Lakes and discusses the applications and limitations of satellite-measured surface water temperature images received as a result of this program in mapping and analyzing physical features of the Great Lakes environment. The initial product of the Coast Watch program is a set of surface water temperature images derived from NOAA AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) data. These temperature maps are produced on a routine basis (usually 2-3 sufficiently cloud-free images per week) and are made available within hours of acquisition. The satellite-derived water temperatures from images acquired during the period May 1990 to May 1991 were compared to temperatures measured at NOAA weather buoys and found to be highly correlated. We found the satellite-derived temperatures were consistently 1-1.5C-degrees cooler than buoy temperatures. Root mean square deviations between buoy and satellite temperatures ranged from 0.8 to 1.6C-degrees. There was also a consistent pattern to the geographic registration errors of the images, ranging from 8.4 km westward for the NOAA 10 nighttime pass to 8.3 km northeast for the NOAA 11 nighttime pass. Potential application of the imagery to detection and location of thermal fronts, analysis of circulation patterns, and ice and snow mapping are also discussed. RP SCHWAB, DJ (reprint author), NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109, USA. RI Schwab, David/B-7498-2012 NR 22 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1992 VL 18 IS 2 BP 247 EP 258 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA HY698 UT WOS:A1992HY69800001 ER PT J AU LANDRUM, PF FREZ, WA SIMMONS, MS AF LANDRUM, PF FREZ, WA SIMMONS, MS TI RELATIONSHIP OF TOXICOKINETIC PARAMETERS TO RESPIRATION RATES IN MYSIS-RELICTA SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE RESPIRATION; TOXICOKINETICS; MYSIS-RELICTA; BENZO(A)PYRENE; HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; ACUTE TOXICITY SYNDROMES; LAKE-MICHIGAN; PONTOPOREIA-HOYI; CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSES; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; OXYGEN-UPTAKE; FISH; NAPHTHALENE AB The uptake of organic xenobiotics from water was compared to the respiration rate of the Great Lakes invertebrate, Mysis relicta. Xenobiotic clearance was compared with oxygen clearance. Uptake clearance is defined as milliliters of water stripped of contaminant or oxygen per mass of organism per hour. M. relicta were exposed to benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and 2,2',4,4',5, 5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (HCBP). The respiration rate for M. Relicta declined logarithmically when measured for period ranging from 3 to 48 h. The respiration rate ranged from 1.4 (1.24-1.48) mu-g O2 mg-1 wet weight h-1 for a 3 h period to 0.25 +/- 0.023-mu-g O2.mg-1 wet weight.h-1 for a 48 h period. Neither the presence of the methanol carrier nor the methanol carrier plus xenobiotics produced significant changes in respiration compared to those of the control organisms in lake water only. The clearances of oxygen and the two xenobiotics were each inversely correlated to organism weight. The slopes of the clearance regressions with organism weight were not significantly different among the different measures of xenobiotic or oxygen clearance. There was a near constant ratio of xenobiotic clearance to oxygen clearance of 1.25 +/- 0.01 (mean +/- SE, n = 29) for BaP and 1.37 +/- 0.12 (r = 29) for HCBP. These findings suggest that the accumulation of organic xenobiotics may be linked to the accumulation of oxygen for M. relicta. C1 ENVIRONM CONTROL TECHNOL CORP,ANN ARBOR,MI 48108. UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT ENVIRONM & IND HLTH,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. RP LANDRUM, PF (reprint author), NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1992 VL 18 IS 2 BP 331 EP 339 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA HY698 UT WOS:A1992HY69800009 ER PT J AU GOSSIAUX, DC LANDRUM, PF TSYMBAL, VN AF GOSSIAUX, DC LANDRUM, PF TSYMBAL, VN TI RESPONSE OF THE AMPHIPOD DIPOREIA SPP - TO VARIOUS STRESSORS - CADMIUM, SALINITY, AND TEMPERATURE SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE CADMIUM; DIPOREIA; OSMOREGULATION; THERMAL REGULATION ID HYALELLA-AZTECA; FRESH-WATER; PONTOPOREIA; TOXICITY; CRUSTACEA AB The tolerance of the amphipod Diporeia spp. (formerly Pontoporeia hoyi) to salinity and temperature and the acute toxicity of cadmium were determined by laboratory tests. No mortality occurred during 28 d exposure at a salinity of 20 g sea salt L-1. Slower swimming and mortality occurred when the salinity was increased to 25 g sea salt L-1. In freshwater, Diporeia tolerate a temperature of 26-degrees-C but exhibit 82% mortality within 24 h at 28-degrees-C. Thus, Diporeia collected from southern Lake Michigan demonstrate a significant salinity and thermal tolerance. Sensitivity to cadmium depends on both the temperature and the salinity of the exposure solution. At 4-degrees-C in fresh water, the 96 h LC50 for Cd, administered as CdCl2, was 0.78 mg Cd.L-1 (95% CL 0.40-1.02 mg Cd.L-1). At 15-degrees-C, it decreased to 0.065 mg Cd.L-1(95% CL 0.051-0.074 mg Cd.L-1). In salt water, the tolerance to Cd at 4-degrees-C [96 h LC50 of 49.4 mg Cd.L-1 (95% C.L 45.3-52.7 mg Cd.L-1)] was much greater than in fresh water and decreased with increasing temperature, 96 h LC.50 of 6.02 mg Cd.L-1 (95% C.I 6.02-7.32 mg Cd.L-1) at 15-degrees-C. Overall sensitivity to cadmium increases with increasing temperature and decreases with increasing salinity within the salinity tolerance of the organism. Diporeia are important Great Lakes benthos exposed to a wide range of contaminants. While Diporeia's sensitivity to contaminants has been implied, this work provides supportive data on the sensitivity of Diporeia to selected stressors. RP GOSSIAUX, DC (reprint author), NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1992 VL 18 IS 3 BP 364 EP 371 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA JW936 UT WOS:A1992JW93600003 ER PT J AU SCHWAB, DJ LESHKEVICH, GA MUHR, GC AF SCHWAB, DJ LESHKEVICH, GA MUHR, GC TI SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS OF SURFACE-WATER TEMPERATURE IN THE GREAT-LAKES - GREAT-LAKES COASTWATCH SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE GREAT LAKES; SATELLITE; WATER TEMPERATURE ID MICHIGAN AB This paper describes the NOAA CoastWatch program for the Great Lakes and discusses the applications and limitations of satellite-measured surface water temperature images received as a result of this program in mapping and analyzing physical features of the Great Lakes environment. The initial product of the Coast Watch program is a set of surface water temperature images derived from NOAA AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) data. These temperature maps are produced on a routine basis (usually 2-3 sufficiently cloud-free images per week) and are made available within hours of acquisition. The satellite-derived water temperatures from images acquired during the period May 1990 to May 1991 were compared to temperatures measured at NOAA weather buoys and found to be highly correlated. We found the satellite-derived temperatures were consistently 1-1.5-degrees-C cooler than buoy temperatures. Root mean square deviations between buoy and satellite temperatures ranged from 0.8 to 1.6-degrees-C. There was also a consistent pattern to the geographic registration errors of the images, ranging from 8.4 km west ward for the NOAA 10 nighttime pass to 8.3 km northeast for the NOAA 11 nighttime pass. Potential application of the imagery to detection and location of thermal fronts, analysis of circulation patterns, and ice and snow mapping are also discussed. RP SCHWAB, DJ (reprint author), NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109, USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1992 VL 18 IS 3 BP 521 EP 530 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA JW936 UT WOS:A1992JW93600016 ER PT J AU TEWARI, R PAL, BP DAS, UK AF TEWARI, R PAL, BP DAS, UK TI DISPERSION-SHIFTED DUAL-SHAPE CORE FIBERS - OPTIMIZATION BASED ON SPOT SIZE DEFINITIONS SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-MODE FIBERS; MICROBENDING LOSS AB Design features for very low bend and splice losses in dispersion-shifted dual-shape core (DSC) single-mode fibers are obtained in terms of characteristic mode spot sizes WBAR responsible for splice loss, and W(infinity) responsible for bend loss. Dual-shape core fiber designs are given with W(infinity)/WBAR (which should be close to 1 for optimum splice and bending performance) lying between 1.16 and 1.33 while maintaining the mode spot size (WBAR) between 4 and 5 half arrow pointing up and to the right m at the operating wavelength of 1550 nm. These spot sizes were obtained by adjusting the fiber parameters so that both the zero dispersion wavelength (down down o) and the cutoff wavelength (down down c) are fixed at 1550 nm. With this design goal we show that bending loss would be lower in a step-index than in a graded-index DSC fiber. Further, we show that conventional single clad step-index or triangular-index dispersion-shifted fibers have higher bending loss than well designed DSC fibers. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP TEWARI, R (reprint author), INDIAN INST TECHNOL,DEPT PHYS,NEW DELHI 110016,INDIA. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 10 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1109/50.108727 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA GX220 UT WOS:A1992GX22000001 ER PT J AU NORTHROP, DM MACCREHAN, WA AF NORTHROP, DM MACCREHAN, WA TI SAMPLE COLLECTION, PREPARATION, AND QUANTITATION IN THE MICELLAR ELECTROKINETIC CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS OF GUNSHOT RESIDUES SO JOURNAL OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2ND ANNUAL FREDERICK CONF ON CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS CY OCT 15-16, 1991 CL FREDERICK, MD SP NATL CANC INST, FREDERICK CANC RES & DEV CTR ID GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY AB Application of micellar electrokinetic capillary electrophoresis (MECE) to gunshot residue (GSR) analysis was accomplished by developing appropriate sample collection and handling techniques. Masking adhesive-tape particle collection was used to minimize analyte losses and coextraction of sample matrix interferences associated with solvent swabbing collection methods. In addition, ethylene glycol (EG) was added to the extraction solvent to prevent analyte loss during evaporative preconcentration. Beta-naphthol, used as an internal standard, improved quantitative precision when EG was used in the MECE analysis of GSR's. Gunshot residues were collected from the hands of individuals who had discharged a firearm and analyzed by MECE using these sample collection and preparation techniques. Detection of gunpowder constituents, characteristic of the unfired gunpowder was obtained. C1 WASHINGTON STATE PATROL,KENNEWICK CRIME LAB,KENNEWICK,WA 99337. RP NORTHROP, DM (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 11 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 7 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0148-3919 J9 J LIQ CHROMATOGR JI J. Liq. Chromatogr. PY 1992 VL 15 IS 6-7 BP 1041 EP 1063 DI 10.1080/10826079208018849 PG 23 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA HP807 UT WOS:A1992HP80700005 ER PT J AU MACCREHAN, WA RASMUSSEN, HT NORTHROP, DM AF MACCREHAN, WA RASMUSSEN, HT NORTHROP, DM TI SIZE-SELECTIVE CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS (SSCE) SEPARATION OF DNA FRAGMENTS SO JOURNAL OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2ND ANNUAL FREDERICK CONF ON CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS CY OCT 15-16, 1991 CL FREDERICK, MD SP NATL CANC INST, FREDERICK CANC RES & DEV CTR ID GEL-FILLED CAPILLARIES; ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS; PERFORMANCE; OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; RESOLUTION AB A capillary electrophoretic separation of DNA fragment standards in the range of 50 to 10(5) base pairs was achieved using methylcellulose as a size-selective agent. All 23 fragments in a 1 kb DNA ladder can be resolved in under 25 minutes. Capillary wall deactivation, using a siloxane-bonded polyacrylamide, greatly improved resolution and reproducibility. The concentration effect of the size-selective agent and the applied electric field strength on DNA fragment separation was determined. Instability of the wall coating limits capillary lifetimes to approximately 30 runs. Considerations in using SSCE for the analysis of DNA fragments produced by the PCR technique are discussed. C1 COLGATE PALMOLIVE CO,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08855. WASHINGTON STATE PATROL,KENNEWICK CRIME LAB,KENNEWICK,WA 99337. RP MACCREHAN, WA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ORGAN ANALYT RES,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 18 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0148-3919 J9 J LIQ CHROMATOGR JI J. Liq. Chromatogr. PY 1992 VL 15 IS 6-7 BP 1063 EP 1080 PG 18 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA HP807 UT WOS:A1992HP80700006 ER PT J AU CAMPBELL, GC VANDERHART, DL AF CAMPBELL, GC VANDERHART, DL TI OPTIMIZATION OF CHEMICAL-SHIFT-BASED POLARIZATION GRADIENTS IN H-1-NMR SPIN-DIFFUSION EXPERIMENTS ON POLYMER BLENDS WITH CHEMICALLY SIMILAR CONSTITUENTS SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; MULTIPLE PULSE NMR; MAGIC-ANGLE; SOLIDS; RESOLUTION; SPECTRA; MORPHOLOGY; H-1-NMR RP CAMPBELL, GC (reprint author), NBS,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 32 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2364 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 96 IS 1 BP 69 EP 93 DI 10.1016/0022-2364(92)90288-I PG 25 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA HB724 UT WOS:A1992HB72400007 ER PT J AU KRAMER, TR AF KRAMER, TR TI POCKET MILLING WITH TOOL ENGAGEMENT DETECTION SO JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE MILLING; TOOL PATH; POCKET; ALGORITHM; AUTOMATED MANUFACTURING; MACHINING; NC-PROGRAM; NUMERICAL CONTROL AB This paper presents an algorithm for generating a tool path for cutting a pocket with islands, which includes detecting when the tool is certain to be making a minimal engagement cut. Minimal engagement is defined as the amount of engagement present in peripheral milling of a flat side face of a workpiece in a straight line with constant stepover. Feed rates and spindle speeds are reset by the algorithm when machining conditions change from a minimal engagement cut to any other type of cut or vice versa. C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD. NR 0 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC MANUFACTURING ENGINEERS PI DEARBORN PA ONE SME DRIVE, PO BOX 930, DEARBORN, MI 48121-0930 SN 0278-6125 J9 J MANUF SYST JI J. Manuf. Syst. PY 1992 VL 11 IS 2 BP 114 EP 123 DI 10.1016/0278-6125(92)90042-E PG 10 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA HW155 UT WOS:A1992HW15500005 ER PT J AU YAN, JG CHEN, YT TANG, ZH AF YAN, JG CHEN, YT TANG, ZH TI ENTROPY PRODUCTION OF MOVING BED REACTORS SO JOURNAL OF NON-EQUILIBRIUM THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article AB We present an entropy production formulation for a gas-solid moving bed reactor, which we have not seen in any published references. Apart from the traditional "flows" and "forces", e.g., those for heat conduction and mass diffusions in each phase, we introduced the heterogeneous effects: gas-solid heat and mass transfer, which lead to some new flows and forces in the entropy production formulation. C1 CENT IRON & STEEL RES INST,DEPT PHYS CHEM,BEIJING 100081,PEOPLES R CHINA. RP YAN, JG (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,4301 RICKENBACKER CSWY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0340-0204 J9 J NON-EQUIL THERMODY JI J. Non-Equilib. Thermodyn. PY 1992 VL 17 IS 3 BP 237 EP 244 DI 10.1515/jnet.1992.17.3.237 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA KC274 UT WOS:A1992KC27400002 ER PT J AU ARCHER, DG AF ARCHER, DG TI THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF THE NACL+H2O SYSTEM .1. THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF NACL(CR) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE ENTHALPY; ENTROPY; HEAT CAPACITY; SODIUM CHLORIDE AB The available experimental thermodynamic data for NaCl(cr) have been fitted in order to generate thermodynamic values as a function of temperature and for a nominal pressure of 0.1 MPa. Thermal measurements (heat-capacity values and enthalpy-increment values) have been fitted with a new method. The fitted function and calculated thermodynamic values are given. Estimates of the inaccuracies of the calculated thermodynamic values are also given. RP ARCHER, DG (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CTR ELECTROLYTE DATA,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 21 IS 1 BP 1 EP 21 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA HF270 UT WOS:A1992HF27000001 ER PT J AU INN, KGW COURSEY, BM EISENHOWER, EH WALKER, MD HEATON, HT DUVALL, KC AF INN, KGW COURSEY, BM EISENHOWER, EH WALKER, MD HEATON, HT DUVALL, KC TI NATIONAL IONIZING-RADIATION SECONDARY LABORATORY SYSTEM SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY-ARTICLES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONF ON LOW-LEVEL MEASUREMENTS OF ACTINIDES AND LONG-LIVED RADIONUCLIDES IN BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES CY JAN 29-FEB 02, 1990 CL BOMBAY, INDIA SP NATL SCI FDN, COUNCIL SCI & IND RES INDIA, BOMBAY UNIV, US DOE, MAHARASHTRA GOVT, DEPT ATOM ENERGY INDIA, NUCL POWER COMMISS INDIA, INDIAN ASSOC NUCL CHEMISTS & ALLIED SCI, DEPT SCI & TECHNOL INDIA, UNIV GRANTS COMMISS INDIA AB Over the past ten years, the National Institute of Standards and Technology has, through its Office of Radiation Measurement, developed a national program for Secondary Laboratories. These Secondary Laboratories provide the necessary calibrations and quality assurance testing to support and affirm the caliber of the measurements in the areas they serve. The areas that are in the program include State Radiation Protection, Personnel Dosimetry, Survey Instrument Calibration, High-Level Dosimetry, Radiation Therapy, Bioassay, Survey Instrument Testing, Ionizing Radiation, Environmental Radioactivity, Radioactivity Standards, and Radon. C1 US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. US DOE,OFF ENVIRONM GUIDANCE,WASHINGTON,DC 20585. RP INN, KGW (reprint author), NBS,CTR RADIAT RES,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOAN NUCL CH AR JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem.-Artic. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 156 IS 2 BP 313 EP 322 DI 10.1007/BF02038347 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA HD796 UT WOS:A1992HD79600007 ER PT J AU SANSONETTI, JE READER, J SANSONETTI, CJ ACQUISTA, N AF SANSONETTI, JE READER, J SANSONETTI, CJ ACQUISTA, N TI ATLAS OF THE SPECTRUM OF A PLATINUM NEON HOLLOW-CATHODE REFERENCE LAMP IN THE REGION 1130-4330 ANGSTROM SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HOLLOW-CATHODE LAMP; NEON; PLATINUM; SPECTRAL ATLAS; SPECTRUM; WAVELENGTH ID HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROGRAPH; STAR; LINE AB The spectrum of a platinum hollow-cathode lamp containing neon carrier gas was recorded photographically and photoelectrically with a 10.7 m normal-incidence vacuum spectrograph. Wavelengths and intensities were determined for about 5600 lines in the region 1130-4330 angstrom. An atlas of the spectrum is given, with the spectral lines marked and their intensities, wavelengths, and classifications listed. Lines of impurity species are also identified. The uncertainty of the photographically measured wavelengths is estimated to be +/-0.0020 angstrom. The uncertainty of lines measured in the photoelectric scans is 0.01 angstrom for wavelengths shorter than 2030 angstrom and 0.02 angstrom for longer wavelengths. Ritz-type wavelengths are given for many of the classified lines of Pt II with uncertainties varying from +/-0.0004 to +/-0.0025 angstrom. The uncertainty of the relative intensities is estimated to be about 20%. RP SANSONETTI, JE (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, PHYS LAB, DIV ATOM PHYS, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 21 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 6 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 97 IS 1 BP 1 EP 211 DI 10.6028/jres.097.002 PG 211 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA JG062 UT WOS:A1992JG06200002 PM 28053427 ER PT J AU MARTIN, WC AF MARTIN, WC TI SPECIAL ISSUE - REFERENCE SPECTRA AND ENERGY-LEVELS FOR NEUTRAL AND SINGLY-IONIZED PLATINUM - FOREWORD SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP MARTIN, WC (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV ATOM PHYS, ATOM SPECT, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 97 IS 1 BP U1 EP U1 DI 10.6028/jres.097.001 PG 1 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA JG062 UT WOS:A1992JG06200001 ER PT J AU SHANG, EC WANG, YY AF SHANG, EC WANG, YY TI ON THE POSSIBILITY OF MONITORING EL-NINO BY USING MODAL OCEAN ACOUSTIC TOMOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID GROUP-VELOCITY AB The possibility of monitoring El Nino by using the modal acoustic tomography (MOAT) is discussed. It is found that the inversion of El Nino profile with linear inversion scheme is less successful than the mid-ocean eddy case indicated by the condition number of the kernel matrix. However, based on a simple yet realistic acoustic model of El Nino, it appears that it might be possible to detect temperature fluctuations associated with El Nino's by examining a proper set of modal features of the acoustic field. Numerical simulation illustrated that a fair reconstructed El Nino profile could be obtained by using the "damped least-squares" inversion incorporating the singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis. RP SHANG, EC (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,WAVE PROPAGAT LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 11 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 91 IS 1 BP 136 EP 140 DI 10.1121/1.402762 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA HE385 UT WOS:A1992HE38500015 ER PT J AU DVORAK, MA FORD, RS SUENRAM, RD LOVAS, FJ LEOPOLD, KR AF DVORAK, MA FORD, RS SUENRAM, RD LOVAS, FJ LEOPOLD, KR TI VANDERWAALS VS COVALENT BONDING - MICROWAVE CHARACTERIZATION OF A STRUCTURALLY INTERMEDIATE CASE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TRIMETHYLAMINE-BORON TRIFLUORIDE; MOLECULAR-COMPLEXES; ROTATIONAL SPECTRUM; NITROGEN DISTANCE; SPECTROSCOPY; BF3; BORANE AB The gas-phase adduct CH3CN-BF3 has been observed by rotational spectroscopy. The structure is that of a symmetric . top with the nitrogen end of the CH3CN toward the boron. The B-N bond length is 2.011 +/- 0.007 angstrom, and the NBF angle is 95.6 +/- 0.6-degrees. The structure is reminiscent of the classical dative bond chemistry known for adducts of BF3 with nitrogen-containing donors, and of related weakly bound complexes of BF3, but is extremely unusual in that the bond length and bond angle are intermediate between the limits normally observed for van der Waals and covalently bonded systems. Moreover, the B-N bond length is 0.381 +/- 0.011 angstrom longer and the N-B-F angle 10 +/-1-degrees smaller than those determined in the solid state by X-ray crystallography, indicating a significant influence of neighboring molecules in the crystal on the structure of a single dimeric unit. We draw analogy with the well-known crystallographic work of Burgi and Dunitz and co-workers and interpret the structure of this system as a gas-phase snapshot along the reaction path for the formation of the boron-nitrogen dative bond, C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT CHEM,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 52 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JAN 1 PY 1992 VL 114 IS 1 BP 108 EP 115 DI 10.1021/ja00027a015 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA GY631 UT WOS:A1992GY63100015 ER PT J AU MARX, E AF MARX, E TI ELEMENTARY PARTICLE PHYSICS IN THE DALTON MANNER SO JOURNAL OF THE FRANKLIN INSTITUTE-ENGINEERING AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article AB Elementary particles are sorted into basic particles and composite particles, paralleling Dalton's distinction between atoms and molecules. In this model, the "atoms" or basic particles are the neutrino, the pion, and the archyon or beauty baryon. Particle reactions are reduced to the regrouping of basic particles augmented by pair creation and pair annihilation. The algebraic number of basic particles of each type is conserved. A Lagrangian density containing only six parameters is proposed as a starting point for calculations of masses, lifetimes, and cross sections involving strong, weak, and electromagnetic interactions. The two main underlying concepts are: composite particles have relativistic binding energies comparable to the mass of the components and antiparticles are particles propagating backwards in time. RP MARX, E (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-0032 J9 J FRANKLIN I JI J. Frankl. Inst.-Eng. Appl. Math. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 329 IS 1 BP 111 EP 125 DI 10.1016/0016-0032(92)90101-L PG 15 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mathematics GA GV343 UT WOS:A1992GV34300011 ER PT J AU WINELAND, DJ DALIBARD, J COHENTANNOUDJI, C AF WINELAND, DJ DALIBARD, J COHENTANNOUDJI, C TI SISYPHUS COOLING OF A BOUND ATOM SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTON RECOIL ENERGY; OPTICAL MOLASSES; DOPPLER LIMIT; MULTILEVEL ATOMS; LASER; MOTION; LIGHT; SPECTROSCOPY; FIELD; IONS AB Cooling that results from optical dipole forces is considered for a bound atom. Through optical pumping, the atom can be made to feel decelerating optical dipole forces more strongly than accelerating optical dipole forces. This effect, which has previously been realized for free atoms, is called Sisyphus cooling. A simple model for a bound atom is examined in order to reveal the basic aspects of cooling and heating when the atom is confined in the Lamb-Dicke regime. Results of semiclassical and quantum treatments show that the minimum energy achieved is near the zero-point energy and can be much lower than the Doppler cooling limit. Two practical examples that approximate the model are briefly examined. C1 ECOLE NORM SUPER,SPECT HERTZIENNE LAB,F-75231 PARIS 05,FRANCE. COLL FRANCE,F-75231 PARIS 05,FRANCE. RP WINELAND, DJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV TIME & FREQUENCY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Dalibard, Jean/M-5648-2015 OI Dalibard, Jean/0000-0001-8469-3913 NR 42 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 9 IS 1 BP 32 EP 42 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.9.000032 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA GY191 UT WOS:A1992GY19100005 ER PT J AU EHRLICH, CD BASFORD, JA AF EHRLICH, CD BASFORD, JA TI RECOMMENDED PRACTICES FOR THE CALIBRATION AND USE OF LEAKS SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Review ID BUREAU-OF-STANDARDS; HELIUM AB This document is the consensus view of the Calibrated Leak Subcommittee of the Recommended Practices Committee of the American Vacuum Society. It is divided into four main sections: Description, Calibration, Proper Usage, and Recommended Documentation of Leaks. Included in Sec. II are discussions of types of leaks, temperature effects, depletion rates, and units of leakage rate measurement. Section Ill addresses primary and secondary techniques for leak calibration, including uncertainties. Section IV addresses the proper handling and usage of leaks to achieve optimum results, recommendations of standardization of connections, and safety. The documentation to accompany and to be attached to each calibrated leak, recommended in Sec. V, is intended to provide the user with sufficient information about the leak for accurate and safe use. The appendices contain a glossary and a discussion of the use of throughput and flow rate units and conversions. C1 MARTIN MARIETTA ENERGY SYST INC,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP EHRLICH, CD (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 18 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 10 IS 1 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1116/1.578137 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA GZ443 UT WOS:A1992GZ44300001 ER PT J AU LARSON, DR VEASEY, DL AF LARSON, DR VEASEY, DL TI LOCALIZED PLASMA-ETCHING FOR DEVICE OPTIMIZATION SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID CHANNEL WAVE-GUIDES AB We have developed an unconventional approach to down-stream plasma etching: only a small area of the substrate is exposed to the low pressure, reactive gaseous environment. The remainder of the substrate is outside the miniature plasma chamber, providing physical access for probing apparatus. Etch rates of 6-mu-m/h were obtained. The process can be especially useful when in situ monitoring of the effects of etching is required. Using the process, we improved the responsivity of a semiconductor optical detector deposited on top of an optical waveguide. This was accomplished by monitoring the transmitted intensity of light in an integrated optical waveguide while etching a thin semiconductor film covering a small region of the waveguide. RP LARSON, DR (reprint author), NIST,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 10 IS 1 BP 27 EP 29 DI 10.1116/1.586347 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA HD569 UT WOS:A1992HD56900005 ER PT J AU SMITH, JA DAY, GN KANE, MD AF SMITH, JA DAY, GN KANE, MD TI NONPARAMETRIC FRAMEWORK FOR LONG-RANGE STREAMFLOW FORECASTING SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article ID PATTERNS AB The extended streamflow prediction (ESP) procedure of the National Weather Service River Forecast System (NWSRFS) produces long-range forecasts of streamflow through the use of hydrologic models and historical hydrologic data. An important element of the ESP procedure is converting hydrologic-model output to estimates of a forecast random variable. In this paper, nonparametric statistical procedures are developed for combining hydrologic models and historical hydrologic data into long-range streamflow forecasts. Although these procedures are developed for use within the ESP system, they should be broadly applicable to problems of long-range streamflow forecasting. Two notable features of the procedures developed in this paper are: (1) Climate information is easily incorporated; and (2) hydrologic-model errors can be accommodated. Results are presented for a test implementation of ESP for a basin in the southeastern United States during the severe drought period of 1988. The relative importance of climate information and soil moisture information for long-range streamflow forecasting is compared and contrasted. C1 NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,HYDROL RES LAB,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910. RP SMITH, JA (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,DEPT CIVIL ENGN & OPERAT RES,PRINCETON,NJ 08544, USA. NR 20 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 7 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 118 IS 1 BP 82 EP 92 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1992)118:1(82) PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA GW139 UT WOS:A1992GW13900006 ER PT J AU TARLOV, MJ AF TARLOV, MJ TI SILVER METALIZATION OF OCTADECANETHIOL MONOLAYERS SELF-ASSEMBLED ON GOLD SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID ORGANIZED MOLECULAR ASSEMBLIES; ALKYL THIOL MONOLAYERS; STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; ADSORBED MONOLAYERS; ADVENTITIOUS CARBON; BINDING-ENERGIES; METAL-CLUSTERS AB The interaction between evaporated silver and self-assembled monolayers of octadecanethiol (ODT) [CH3(CH2)17SH] on gold was studied at temperatures of 300 and 90 using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), and ion scattering spectroscopy (ISS). Equivalent Ag coverages ranging from submonolayers to multilayers were examined. Ag deposited at 300 K penetrates the ODT monolayer and resides at the ODT/gold interface. The attenuation behavior of the XPS C 1s and Au 4f signals reveals that Ag nucleates as clusters underneath the ODT monolayer. UPS and ISS data are in accord with XPS results and, furthermore, indicate that the deposited Ag does not significantly alter the ODT monolayer film structure. In addition, an unusual shift to higher binding energy is observed for both the C 1s core level and the hydrocarbon valence band with increasing Ag coverage. It is suggested that the shift is due to a work function induced change whereby the photoemission of ODT molecules is referenced to the local vacuum level, not the metal Fermi level. In contrast to the behavior observed at 300 K, results from Ag deposition at 90 K indicate that Ag forms clusters on the ODT monolayer surface. In this case the Ag 3d core level exhibits a shift to higher binding energy relative to that of metallic silver that is attributable to a final state Coulombic effect characteristic of metal clusters on relatively poorly conducting substrates. There is apparently little chemical interaction between Ag and the hydrocarbon chains at both 90 and 300 K, although at 300 K Ag 3d XPS data suggest that Ag bonds to sulfur head groups. The low-temperature Ag/ODT/Au structure is apparently a metastable phase because warming of the sample to room temperature results in the migration of the Ag to the ODT/Au interface and possibly further clustering. ODT monolayer defects may play an important role in passage of Ag through the film. RP TARLOV, MJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV PROC MEASUREMENTS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 58 TC 137 Z9 139 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JAN PY 1992 VL 8 IS 1 BP 80 EP 89 DI 10.1021/la00037a017 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA HA551 UT WOS:A1992HA55100017 ER PT J AU SUNDA, WG HUNTSMAN, SA AF SUNDA, WG HUNTSMAN, SA TI FEEDBACK INTERACTIONS BETWEEN ZINC AND PHYTOPLANKTON IN SEAWATER SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID DIATOM THALASSIOSIRA-WEISSFLOGII; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; CELLULAR MANGANESE; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; HYDROTHERMAL ACTIVITY; CONTINUOUS CULTURE; LIMITED GROWTH; ION ACTIVITY; IRON; CADMIUM AB In Zn ion-buffered media, oceanic species (Thalassiosira oceanica and Emiliania huxleyi) grew at near-maximal rates at the lowest free Zn ion concentration ([Zn2+] = 10(-12.3) M), whereas coastal species (Thalassiosira pseudonana and Thalassiosira weissflogii) were limited at [Zn2+] < 10(-11) M. The ability of the oceanic species to outgrow coastal ones at low [Zn2+] was due almost entirely to a reduced growth requirement for cellular Zn rather than to an increased capability for uptake. All isolates exhibited similar sigmoidal relationships between cellular Zn:C ratios and [Zn2+] with minimal slopes at [Zn2+] of 10(-10.5) to approximately 10(-9.5) M and increasing slopes above and below this range. The minimal slopes at intermediate [Zn2+] could be explained by negative feedback regulation of a high-affinity Zn uptake system, while increased slopes at high [Zn2+] appeared to be related to uptake by a low-affinity site. Measured relationships between cellular Zn:C ratios and [Zn2+] agreed well with those computed from a modified Redfield model based on depth profiles for Zn and PO4 concentrations and Zn chelation in the nutricline of the North Pacific. This agreement provides evidence that Zn concentrations in the nutricline are controlled by biological uptake and regeneration as occurs for major nutrients. RP SUNDA, WG (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,BEAUFORT LAB,BEAUFORT,NC 28516, USA. NR 34 TC 182 Z9 189 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPH PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 37 IS 1 BP 25 EP 40 PG 16 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA HV295 UT WOS:A1992HV29500003 ER PT J AU BROWN, AL BAILEY, KM AF BROWN, AL BAILEY, KM TI OTOLITH ANALYSIS OF JUVENILE WALLEYE POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA FROM THE WESTERN GULF OF ALASKA SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DAILY GROWTH INCREMENTS; EARLY LIFE; LARVAL; SURVIVAL; AGE; MICROSTRUCTURE; PALLAS AB Growth rate and hatch date distributions were estimated for juvenile walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma (Pallas, 1814) collected in autumn 1987 from the western Gulf of Alaska. Mean juvenile growth rates varied geographically by as much as 45%. A trend for slower growth around Unimak Pass and the Shumagin Islands and faster growth upstream in the Alaska Coastal Current towards Kodiak Island was noted; the fastest growth did not occur in the main habitat region. Juvenile hatch date distributions were compared to identify regional differences that might reflect stock structure. Juvenile hatch dates were compared with hatch dates of the same cohort sampled as larvae to test for selective mortality. Regional differences in hatch dates, along with other information, indicated several minor spawning populations located around Kodiak Island and near Unimak Pass. For the main aggregation of pollock in the Shumagin Island region, hatch date distributions were not significantly different among the early larval cohort sampled in late May, the late larvae sampled in mid-June to early July, and the juveniles sampled in autumn. Neither growth-rate nor size-dependent mortality of pollock between the larval and juvenile stages appears to be a dominant factor in determining survival patterns. An alternative test was attempted, by which lengths-at-age during larval life were back-calculated from juvenile otoliths and compared with lengths-at-age of the population sampled as larvae in May and June. Pollock surviving as juveniles in autumn were not larger as larvae than the general larval population. This result is an example of the observation that back-calculated lengths are almost always smaller than the lengths of fish sampled at age (Lee's phenomenon). Problems in determining survival patterns based on otolith back-calculations and comparison of hatch date distributions are discussed. RP BROWN, AL (reprint author), NOAA,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 30 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 112 IS 1 BP 23 EP 30 DI 10.1007/BF00349723 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA GZ546 UT WOS:A1992GZ54600003 ER PT J AU MYERS, MS OLSON, OP JOHNSON, LL STEHR, CS HOM, T VARANASI, U AF MYERS, MS OLSON, OP JOHNSON, LL STEHR, CS HOM, T VARANASI, U TI HEPATIC-LESIONS OTHER THAN NEOPLASMS IN SUBADULT FLATFISH FROM PUGET SOUND, WASHINGTON - RELATIONSHIPS WITH INDEXES OF CONTAMINANT EXPOSURE SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON RESPONSES OF MARINE ORGANISMS TO POLLUTANTS CY APR 24-26, 1991 CL WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST, WOODS HOLE, MA SP US EPA, WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST, COASTAL RES CTR, US NATL OCEAN & ATMOSPHER ADM, WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST, SEA GRANT PROGRAM HO WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST ID SOLE PAROPHRYS-VETULUS; ENGLISH SOLE; BOSTON HARBOR; SEDIMENTS AB Liver neoplasms are rare in young wild fish; therefore, it is essential to consider toxicopathic liver lesions that occur earlier than neoplasms as biomarkers of contaminant exposure in studies where targeted or available fish are not adults. Also, some exposure effects may be more reliably assessed in younger fish that have not yet migrated extensively. We addressed these issues by histologically examining subadult English sole, rock sole, and starry flounder captured.from eight sites in Puget Sound, and by measuring .fluorescent aromatic compounds (FACs) in bile and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in liver. Neoplasms were detected rarely; higher prevalences of preneoplastic, regenerative, and degenerative lesions were detected in most species, primarily from contaminated sites, including hydropic vacuolation of hepatocytes and biliary cells in rock sole and starry flounder. These nonneoplastic lesion types are inducible in fish by exposure to various toxicants in the laboratory, and/or (in the case of hydropic vacuolation) are associated with contaminant exposure and liver neoplasia in adult wild fish. Prevalences of these 'early' lesions were significantly higher at the more contaminated sites, as determined by several statistical approaches, including logistic regression. Moreover, prevalences of most lesions in all three species correlated with mean bile FAC levels at the sites, and prevalences of some lesions in English sole correlated with liver PCB levels. The present findings further support the utility of certain liver lesions other than neoplasms as early indicators of biological damage in subadult as well as adult RP MYERS, MS (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,DIV ENVIRONM CONSERVAT,2725 MONTLAKE BLVD E,SEATTLE,WA 98112, USA. NR 18 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PY 1992 VL 34 IS 1-4 BP 45 EP 51 DI 10.1016/0141-1136(92)90081-V PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA KB005 UT WOS:A1992KB00500009 ER PT J AU OKIHIRO, MS WHIPPLE, JA GROFF, JM HINTON, DE AF OKIHIRO, MS WHIPPLE, JA GROFF, JM HINTON, DE TI CHROMATOPHOROMAS AND RELATED HYPERPLASTIC LESIONS IN PACIFIC ROCKFISH (SEBASTES SPP) SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON RESPONSES OF MARINE ORGANISMS TO POLLUTANTS CY APR 24-26, 1991 CL WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST, WOODS HOLE, MA SP US EPA, WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST, COASTAL RES CTR, US NATL OCEAN & ATMOSPHER ADM, WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST, SEA GRANT PROGRAM HO WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST AB Pacific rockfish were sampled from Cordell Bank, off central California, from 1985 to 1990. Hyperplastic and neoplastic lesions, involving dermal chromatophores, were observed in five species; yellowtail rockfish (Sebastes flavidus), bocaccio (S. paucispinis), olive rockfish (S. serranoides), widow rockfish (S. entomelas), and chilipepper rockfish (S. goodei). Yearly prevalences were highest, but static, in S. paucispinis, while prevalences in S. flavidus have risen steadily. The majority of lesions were black, but white, red, orange, yellow, and mixed color variants were also seen. Lesions were found in skin, fins, lips, gingiva, tongue, urogenital papilla, and in the conjunctiva and cornea of the eye. Flat lesions were consistent with either melanophore (black), erythrophore (red), or xanthophore (yellow) hyperplasia. Neoplastic lesions included melanophoromas, amelanotic melanophoromas, xanthophoromas, erythrophoromas, and mixed chromatophoromas. Electron microscopy did not reveal the presence of viruses and the etiology of the lesions has not been determined C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,TIBURON,CA 94920. RP OKIHIRO, MS (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH VET MED,DEPT MED,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PY 1992 VL 34 IS 1-4 BP 53 EP 57 DI 10.1016/0141-1136(92)90082-W PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA KB005 UT WOS:A1992KB00500010 ER PT J AU COLLIER, TK CONNOR, SD EBERHART, BTL ANULACION, BF GOKSOYR, A VARANASI, U AF COLLIER, TK CONNOR, SD EBERHART, BTL ANULACION, BF GOKSOYR, A VARANASI, U TI USING CYTOCHROME-P450 TO MONITOR THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT - INITIAL RESULTS FROM REGIONAL AND NATIONAL SURVEYS SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON RESPONSES OF MARINE ORGANISMS TO POLLUTANTS CY APR 24-26, 1991 CL WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST, WOODS HOLE, MA SP US EPA, WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST, COASTAL RES CTR, US NATL OCEAN & ATMOSPHER ADM, WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST, SEA GRANT PROGRAM HO WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST AB We are currently analyzing hepatic cytochrome P4501A and associated monooxygenase activities in fish sampled in several regional and national monitoring programs, including the National Benthic Surveillance Project of NOAA's Status and Trends Program, damage assessment studies of the Exxon Valdez oil spill, and intensive surveys of specific embayments, such as Puget Sound, Washington. Thus far, apparent contaminant-related increases in the activities of cytochrome P4501A-dependent monooxygenases have been readily measured in most test species. The results presented in this paper show that, for 11 species of fish, there is excellent concordance between hepatic activities of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD); moreover, levels of cytochrome P4501A determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are also generally concordant with results from catalytic assays. The use of both a catalytic assay and immunoquantitation is recommended, because of the additional quality assurance provided by concurrent use of an immunoquantitation technique, which is desirable in large monitoring programs. C1 UNIV BERGEN,MARINE MOLEC BIOL LAB,HIB,N-5020 BERGEN,NORWAY. RP COLLIER, TK (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES CTR,DIV ENVIRONM CONSERVAT,2725 MONTLAKE BLVD E,SEATTLE,WA 98112, USA. RI Goksoyr, Anders/F-8320-2010; Goksoyr, Anders/A-2818-2013 OI Goksoyr, Anders/0000-0003-4054-9842; Goksoyr, Anders/0000-0003-4054-9842 NR 7 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PY 1992 VL 34 IS 1-4 BP 195 EP 199 DI 10.1016/0141-1136(92)90107-W PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA KB005 UT WOS:A1992KB00500035 ER PT J AU DODOO, DK ENGEL, DW SUNDA, WG AF DODOO, DK ENGEL, DW SUNDA, WG TI EFFECT OF CUPRIC ION ACTIVITY ON CALCIUM ACCUMULATION IN JUVENILE FLOUNDER (PARALICHTHYS SPP) SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SPOT LEIOSTOMUS-XANTHURUS; MYOXOCEPHALUS-QUADRICORNIS L; SILVERSIDE MENIDIA-MENIDIA; FOURHORN SCULPIN; RAINBOW-TROUT; COPPER; TOXICITY; FISH; POLLUTION; KEPONE AB To test the effects of cupric ion activity on calcium accumulation, juvenile flounder (Paralichthys spp.) were exposed to five different activities of ionic copper for 14 days. The negative log of the cupric ion activity (pCu) of the seawater-based exposure media were controlled with a nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) trace metal buffer system. The pCu ranged from 13.0 (analogous to background cupric ion activities measured in Beaufort seawater) to 9.0 (which could exist in grossly contaminated environments). The rates of Ca-45 accumulation by flounder were significantly reduced with increasing cupric ion activities. The rates at pCu 10.0, 9.5, and 9.0 were lower than those at pCu 13.0 and 11.0. Additionally, it was shown that after the fish were exposed to the different activities for 14 days and then placed in seawater without added copper or NTA, there was increased Ca-45 accumulation at the two highest pCu of 9.5 and 9.0. This increased accumulation suggests that the fishes were trying to overcome a calcium deficit that was induced by the copper exposure. The demonstrated non-lethal effects of copper/cupric ion activity on flounder occurred at cupric ion concentrations that were two to three orders of magnitude lower than the lethal concentrations. C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES FISHERIES SCI CTR,BEAUFORT LAB,BEAUFORT,NC 28516. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PY 1992 VL 33 IS 2 BP 101 EP 109 DI 10.1016/0141-1136(92)90135-9 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA HV868 UT WOS:A1992HV86800002 ER PT J AU PONGANIS, PJ GENTRY, RL PONGANIS, EP PONGANIS, KV AF PONGANIS, PJ GENTRY, RL PONGANIS, EP PONGANIS, KV TI ANALYSIS OF SWIM VELOCITIES DURING DEEP AND SHALLOW DIVES OF 2 NORTHERN FUR SEALS, CALLORHINUS-URSINUS SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CALLORHINUS-URSINUS; FUR SEAL; SWIM VELOCITIES; METABOLIC RATES ID WEDDELL SEALS; CALIFORNIA AB Swim velocities at 15-sec intervals and maximum depth per dive were recorded by microprocessor units on two "mixed diver" adult female northern fur seals during summer foraging trips. These records allowed comparison of swim velocities of deep (> 75 m) and shallow (< 75 m) dives. Deep dives averaged 120 m depth and 3 min duration; shallow dives averaged 30 m and 1.2 min. Mean swim velocities on deep dives were 1.8 and 1.5 m/ sec for the two animals; mean swim velocities on shallow dives were 1.5 and 1.2 m/sec. The number of minutes per hour spent diving during the deep and shallow dive patterns were 11 and 27 min, respectively. Swim velocity, and hence, relative metabolic rate, did not account for the differences in dive durations between deep and shallow dives. The long surface durations associated with deep dives, and estimates of metabolic rates for the observed swim velocities, suggest that deep dives involve significant anaerobic metabolism. C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NATL MARINE MAMMAL LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98115. MICROMONITORS,SAN JOSE,CA 95126. RP PONGANIS, PJ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG,PHYSIOL RES LAB,SCHOLANDER HALL,LA JOLLA,CA 92903, USA. NR 11 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC MARINE MAMMALOGY PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 8 IS 1 BP 69 EP 75 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.1992.tb00126.x PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA HD208 UT WOS:A1992HD20800007 ER PT J AU SINCLAIR, EH AF SINCLAIR, EH TI STOMACH CONTENTS OF 4 SHORT-FINNED PILOT WHALES (GLOBICEPHALA-MACRORHYNCHUS) FROM THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BIGHT SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Note ID CEPHALOPOD REMAINS RP SINCLAIR, EH (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,NATL MARINE MAMMAL LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98112, USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC MARINE MAMMALOGY PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 8 IS 1 BP 76 EP 81 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.1992.tb00127.x PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA HD208 UT WOS:A1992HD20800008 ER PT J AU LONG, ER AF LONG, ER TI RANGES IN CHEMICAL CONCENTRATIONS IN SEDIMENTS ASSOCIATED WITH ADVERSE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID RHEPOXYNIUS-ABRONIUS; INFAUNAL AMPHIPOD; QUALITY CRITERIA; ACUTE TOXICITY; CONTAMINANTS AB Chemical analyses of sediments provide indications of the relative degrees of contamination among sampling areas, but, thus far, they have provided neither a measure of adverse biological effects nor an estimate of the potential for effects. Data derived from many different geographic regions, methods, and approaches were assembled and evaluated to identify the ranges in chemical concentrations associated with adverse effects. The data from three basic approaches to the establishment of effects-based criteria were evaluated: the equilibrium partitioning approach, the spiked-sediment bioassay approach, and various methods of evaluating synoptically collected biological and chemical data in field surveys. Available data were evaluated to determine the concentrations at which effects begin and the concentrations above which effects frequently or always occur. This article illustrates the approach that was taken with data for two examples: mercury and fluoranthene. RP NOAA, DIV COASTAL MONITORING & BIOEFFECTS ASSESSMENT, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA. NR 62 TC 61 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 24 IS 1 BP 38 EP 45 DI 10.1016/0025-326X(92)90315-W PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA HG125 UT WOS:A1992HG12500009 ER PT J AU MESINGER, F AF MESINGER, F TI INTRODUCTORY COMMENTS - SPECIAL ISSUE ON MESO-ALPHA SCALE, NUMERICAL TECHNIQUES AND MODELS SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material RP MESINGER, F (reprint author), NOAA,W-NMC 2,WWB ROOM 204,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PY 1992 VL 50 IS 1-3 BP 1 EP 1 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KG003 UT WOS:A1992KG00300001 ER PT J AU MESINGER, F BLACK, TL AF MESINGER, F BLACK, TL TI ON THE IMPACT ON FORECAST ACCURACY OF THE STEP-MOUNTAIN (ETA) VS SIGMA COORDINATE SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE-GRADIENT FORCE; ATMOSPHERIC MODELS; ERROR AB Impact on forecast accuracy of the choice of the step-mountain (''eta'') vs. the traditional sigma coordinate is examined by using a model which can be run as either an eta or a sigma system model via a simple switch in its code. This is done by (a) synoptic examination of the differences in a set of three forecasts, and (b) comparison of precipitation skill scores in a set of nine consecutive forecasts; each of these sets of forecasts was performed using one and then the other of the two systems. Both efforts indicate that greater accuracy is achieved in the step-mountain coordinate forecasts. The three forecasts examined from the synoptic point of view are also compared against forecasts of another sigma system model. The two sigma models are found to have errors of an almost identical pattern (two cases) or to have errors which seemed to have the same basic cause. C1 NOAA,NWS,NATL METEOROL CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20230. RP MESINGER, F (reprint author), US NATL METEOROL CTR,UCAR VISITING RES PROGRAM,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. NR 21 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PY 1992 VL 50 IS 1-3 BP 47 EP 60 DI 10.1007/BF01025504 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KG003 UT WOS:A1992KG00300005 ER PT J AU SASAKI, YK ZUPANSKI, M AF SASAKI, YK ZUPANSKI, M TI A MECHANISM OF ALPINE LEE CYCLOGENESIS AS REVEALED BY A QUASI-GEOSTROPHIC VARIATIONAL FILTER SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS; MOUNTAINS; CYCLONE; MODEL AB Mechanisms associated with Alpine lee cyclogenesis during the early phase of their generation are investigated using a variational quasigeostrophic filter technique. It was possible to extract the quasigeostrophic signal from the available analyzed real data set. The results presented here are for the 11-12 March 1982, an example of so-called "orographically induced" lee cyclogenesis. Non-quasigeostrophic fields, calculated as a difference between observations and the quasigeostrophic fields, show significant magnitudes indicating the possible importance of non-quasigeostrophic processes. A "dipole" structure in the residual geopotential field was observed, similar to the results of numerical model experiments. Also, a strong upper-level non-quasigeostrophic divergence was found in the Alpine region 24 hours prior to lee cyclogenesis, lasting for 6-12 hours. On the other hand, quasigeostrophic results indicate only a local effect of mountain slopes, suggesting possibly a dominant role of the low-level blocking. A hypothetical "scenario" of Alpine lee cyclogenesis is proposed, based on results obtained here. C1 NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,NATL METEOROL CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20233. RP SASAKI, YK (reprint author), UNIV OKLAHOMA,SCH METEOROL,200 FELGAR ST,NORMAN,OK 73019, USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PY 1992 VL 47 IS 2-4 BP 91 EP 105 DI 10.1007/BF01025610 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JF254 UT WOS:A1992JF25400002 ER PT J AU ROTTMAN, JW EINAUDI, F KOCH, SE CLARK, WL AF ROTTMAN, JW EINAUDI, F KOCH, SE CLARK, WL TI A CASE-STUDY OF PENETRATIVE CONVECTION AND GRAVITY-WAVES OVER THE PROFS MESONETWORK ON 23 JULY 1983 SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MULTISCALE STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; MESOSCALE; DISTURBANCES; COLORADO; CCOPE; FLOW AB This paper describes the evolution of two thunderstorms which developed over northeastern Colorado on 23 July 1983, and more significantly discusses the possible causal relationship between them. In particular, a disturbance apparently created by the first thunderstorm, which developed over the eastern slopes of the Rocky mountains, seems to have triggered the second thunderstorm, which developed further east over the high plains. We present evidence that suggests that the disturbance is a rapidly propagating gravity wave (possibly a solitary wave of depression) that occupied most of the troposphere and was generated by the explosive convective development of the first thunderstorm. Detailed observations of the interactions between these two storms were possible because both storms developed over a dense network of automated weather stations that provided high temporal and spatial resolution surface measurements of pressure, temperature, precipitation, and horizontal wind velocity. Also located within this mesonetwork was a high power 915 MHz wind profiler that provided radial velocities throughout most of the troposphere. These measurements were supplemented with GOES visible and infrared satellite imagery and operational data from National Weather Service rawinsondes and weather radars. C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,ATMOSPHERES LAB,GREENBELT,MD 20771. NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP ROTTMAN, JW (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,UNIV SPACE RES ASSOC,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PY 1992 VL 47 IS 2-4 BP 205 EP 227 DI 10.1007/BF01025618 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JF254 UT WOS:A1992JF25400010 ER PT J AU CRAFT, NE AF CRAFT, NE TI CAROTENOID REVERSED-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY METHODS - REFERENCE COMPENDIUM SO METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY LA English DT Review ID BETA-CAROTENE; COLUMN SELECTIVITY; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; HPLC SEPARATION; SERUM; VEGETABLES; RETINOL; PLASMA; IDENTIFICATION; QUANTIFICATION RP CRAFT, NE (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ORGAN ANALYT RES,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 38 TC 97 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0076-6879 J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Method Enzymol. PY 1992 VL 213 BP 185 EP 205 PG 21 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA KL576 UT WOS:A1992KL57600017 PM 1435302 ER PT J AU FRISCH, AS ORR, BW MARTNER, BE AF FRISCH, AS ORR, BW MARTNER, BE TI DOPPLER RADAR OBSERVATIONS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF A BOUNDARY-LAYER NOCTURNAL JET SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID LOW-LEVEL JET; GREAT-PLAINS AB A single Doppler radar obtained detailed clear-air measurements of the development of a strong boundary-layer nocturnal jet in North Dakota during the summer of 1989. The evolution of the jet was monitored by the radar with a high degree of vertical and temporal resolution using a repetitive sequence of four different elevation scans. A new variation of the velocity-azimuth display (VAD) analysis technique provided vertical profiles of the mean wind components and several turbulence terms. Boundary-layer wind speeds began to increase in the late afternoon, well before sunset, as surface cooling began. Wind speeds accelerated faster after sunset and eventually produced a jet that exceeded 23 m s-1 at about 0.5 km AGL. The wind veered with height and time and followed the expected inertial oscillation pattern. Measured shear stresses, vertical fluxes of momentum, and velocity variances, which were initially large, decreased sharply after the surface began to cool. The directly measured vertical velocities were significantly downward during the late afternoon and upward at night. RP FRISCH, AS (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,WAVE PROPAGAT LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 24 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 120 IS 1 BP 3 EP 16 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<0003:DROOTD>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HB424 UT WOS:A1992HB42400001 ER PT J AU STAMUS, PA CARR, FH BAUMHEFNER, DP AF STAMUS, PA CARR, FH BAUMHEFNER, DP TI APPLICATION OF A SCALE-SEPARATION VERIFICATION TECHNIQUE TO REGIONAL FORECAST MODELS SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL METEOROLOGICAL CENTER; DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS; PREDICTABILITY; SCHEME AB A scale-separation technique based on two-dimensional Fourier decomposition is applied to the comparison and verification of analyses and forecasts produced by regional numerical weather prediction systems. A major emphasis of this study is the verification of secondary or derived parameters in addition to the evaluation of primary model variables. Two prediction models are used to illustrate the technique for a variety of forecast fields separated into three separate wavenumber bands. Three different sets of analyses, one from each model system and an independent set, are used for both analysis intercomparison and model verification. The comparison of the analyses is essential to establishing the level of uncertainty for each variable as a function of scale. The synoptic-scale database used to produce the analyses for this study does not allow the verification of scales 800 km or less, no matter how fine the resolution of the model. Examining the spectra of difference fields with time allows one to study the evolution of model error (or differences between two models) as a function of wavenumber. In some instances where traditional statistical measures of skill indicated good agreement between two forecasts, spectral scale selection of the difference fields shows that the spatial distribution of the errors was quite different, pointing to different error-growth characteristics of the models. The technique allows one to partially separate phase and amplitude errors and, hence, barotropic-versus baroclinic-type error structure. It was found, as expected, that forecast skill decreases more rapidly with time for smaller scales, but this is not true for all parameters examined. The presence of lateral boundary conditions strongly influences the evaluation of skill in a regional model for the primary variables, but not as much for some secondary variables. Verification of secondary variables nearly always indicates significant errors in the forecast before serious problems in the primary variables are detected. C1 UNIV OKLAHOMA,SCH METEOROL,NORMAN,OK 73019. COLORADO STATE UNIV,COOPERAT INST RES ATMOSPHERE,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,BOULDER,CO 80307. RP STAMUS, PA (reprint author), NOAA,FORECAST SYST LAB,DIV SCI,RE-E-FS1,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 120 IS 1 BP 149 EP 163 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<0149:AOASSV>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HB424 UT WOS:A1992HB42400010 ER PT J AU XU, Q ZHANG, FS LOU, GP AF XU, Q ZHANG, FS LOU, GP TI FINITE-ELEMENT SOLUTIONS OF FREE-INTERFACE DENSITY CURRENTS SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Note ID SQUALL LINES; CONVECTION; SHEAR AB An interface-adaptive finite-element iteration scheme is designed to solve for the free interface of an inviscid steady-state density current. The method is also applied to free-surface flows over finite obstacles, but convergent solutions are obtained only for the supercritical flows. The success and failure of the method are discussed in association with the flow properties. RP XU, Q (reprint author), UNIV OKLAHOMA,NOAA,COOPERAT INST MESOSCALE METEOROL STUDIES,100 E BOYD ST,NORMAN,OK 73019, USA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 120 IS 1 BP 230 EP 233 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<0230:FESOFI>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HB424 UT WOS:A1992HB42400016 ER PT B AU OCONNOR, TP AF OCONNOR, TP GP MAROME TECHNOL SOC TI RECENT TRENDS IN CHEMICAL CONCENTRATIONS IN MOLLUSKS OF THE COASTAL UNITED-STATES SO MTS '92 - GLOBAL OCEAN PARTNERSHIP, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 Marine-Technology-Society Conference on Global Ocean Partnership CY OCT 19-21, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP MARINE TECHNOL SOC C1 NOAA,NOS,ORCA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 BN 0-933957-11-4 PY 1992 BP 200 EP 204 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Marine; Environmental Sciences; Oceanography SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BC83X UT WOS:A1992BC83X00029 ER PT B AU DOLVIN, SS VALETTESILVER, N AF DOLVIN, SS VALETTESILVER, N GP MAROME TECHNOL SOC TI ELEVATED ARSENIC LEVELS ALONG THE US SOUTH ATLANTIC COAST SO MTS '92 - GLOBAL OCEAN PARTNERSHIP, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 Marine-Technology-Society Conference on Global Ocean Partnership CY OCT 19-21, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP MARINE TECHNOL SOC C1 NOAA,NOS,ORCA21,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 BN 0-933957-11-4 PY 1992 BP 205 EP 208 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Marine; Environmental Sciences; Oceanography SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BC83X UT WOS:A1992BC83X00030 ER PT B AU VALETTESILVER, NJ LAUENSTEIN, GG AF VALETTESILVER, NJ LAUENSTEIN, GG GP MAROME TECHNOL SOC TI RADIONUCLIDES IN BIVALVES COLLECTED ALONG THE COASTAL UNITED-STATES - PRELIMINARY RESULTS SO MTS '92 - GLOBAL OCEAN PARTNERSHIP, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 Marine-Technology-Society Conference on Global Ocean Partnership CY OCT 19-21, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP MARINE TECHNOL SOC C1 NOAA,NATL STATUS & TRENDS PROGRAM,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 BN 0-933957-11-4 PY 1992 BP 209 EP 215 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Marine; Environmental Sciences; Oceanography SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BC83X UT WOS:A1992BC83X00031 ER PT B AU CANTILLO, AY LAUENSTEIN, GG AF CANTILLO, AY LAUENSTEIN, GG GP MAROME TECHNOL SOC TI NOAA NATIONAL STATUS AND TRENDS QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM INTERCOMPARISON EXERCISE RESULTS SO MTS '92 - GLOBAL OCEAN PARTNERSHIP, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 Marine-Technology-Society Conference on Global Ocean Partnership CY OCT 19-21, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP MARINE TECHNOL SOC C1 NOAA,NOS,ORCA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 BN 0-933957-11-4 PY 1992 BP 216 EP 222 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Marine; Environmental Sciences; Oceanography SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BC83X UT WOS:A1992BC83X00032 ER PT B AU LONG, E WOLFE, D ROBERTSON, A BRICKER, S AF LONG, E WOLFE, D ROBERTSON, A BRICKER, S GP MAROME TECHNOL SOC TI SEDIMENT TOXICITY SURVEYS AS POLLUTION ASSESSMENT TOOLS SO MTS '92 - GLOBAL OCEAN PARTNERSHIP, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 Marine-Technology-Society Conference on Global Ocean Partnership CY OCT 19-21, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP MARINE TECHNOL SOC C1 NOAA,DIV COASTAL MONITORING & BIOEFFECTS ASSESSMENT,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 BN 0-933957-11-4 PY 1992 BP 240 EP 249 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Marine; Environmental Sciences; Oceanography SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BC83X UT WOS:A1992BC83X00035 ER PT B AU WOLFE, DA BRICKER, SB ROBERTSON, A SCOTT, KJ AF WOLFE, DA BRICKER, SB ROBERTSON, A SCOTT, KJ GP MAROME TECHNOL SOC TI BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF TOXIC CONTAMINANTS IN LONG ISLAND SOUND SO MTS '92 - GLOBAL OCEAN PARTNERSHIP, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 Marine-Technology-Society Conference on Global Ocean Partnership CY OCT 19-21, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP MARINE TECHNOL SOC C1 NOAA,DIV COASTAL MONITORING & BIOEFFECTS ASSESSMENT,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 BN 0-933957-11-4 PY 1992 BP 250 EP 256 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Marine; Environmental Sciences; Oceanography SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BC83X UT WOS:A1992BC83X00036 ER PT B AU SALAZAR, MH AF SALAZAR, MH GP MAROME TECHNOL SOC TI USE AND MISUSE OF MUSSELS IN NATURAL RESOURCE DAMAGE ASSESSMENT SO MTS '92 - GLOBAL OCEAN PARTNERSHIP, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 Marine-Technology-Society Conference on Global Ocean Partnership CY OCT 19-21, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP MARINE TECHNOL SOC C1 NOAA,DAMAGE ASSESSMENT CTR NW,SEATTLE,WA 98115. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 BN 0-933957-11-4 PY 1992 BP 257 EP 264 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Marine; Environmental Sciences; Oceanography SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BC83X UT WOS:A1992BC83X00037 ER PT B AU SISSENWINE, MP AF SISSENWINE, MP GP MAROME TECHNOL SOC TI UNITED-STATES LIVING MARINE RESOURCES - CURRENT STATUS AND LONG-TERM POTENTIAL FROM A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE SO MTS '92 - GLOBAL OCEAN PARTNERSHIP, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 Marine-Technology-Society Conference on Global Ocean Partnership CY OCT 19-21, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP MARINE TECHNOL SOC C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 BN 0-933957-11-4 PY 1992 BP 289 EP 298 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Marine; Environmental Sciences; Oceanography SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BC83X UT WOS:A1992BC83X00043 ER PT B AU KENNEY, JF BLOTT, AJ NULK, VE AF KENNEY, JF BLOTT, AJ NULK, VE GP MAROME TECHNOL SOC TI EXPERIMENTS WITH A NORDMORE GRATE IN THE GULF OF MAINE SHRIMP FISHERY SO MTS '92 - GLOBAL OCEAN PARTNERSHIP, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 Marine-Technology-Society Conference on Global Ocean Partnership CY OCT 19-21, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP MARINE TECHNOL SOC C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 BN 0-933957-11-4 PY 1992 BP 328 EP 335 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Marine; Environmental Sciences; Oceanography SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BC83X UT WOS:A1992BC83X00049 ER PT B AU WATSON, JW WORKMAN, IK HATAWAY, BD AF WATSON, JW WORKMAN, IK HATAWAY, BD GP MAROME TECHNOL SOC TI THE BEHAVIOR OF FISH AND SHRIMP ENCOUNTERING TRAWLS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES PENAEID SHRIMP FISHERY SO MTS '92 - GLOBAL OCEAN PARTNERSHIP, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 Marine-Technology-Society Conference on Global Ocean Partnership CY OCT 19-21, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP MARINE TECHNOL SOC C1 US DEPT COMMERCE,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES SCI CTR,MISSISSIPPI LABS,PASCAGOULA,MS 39568. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 BN 0-933957-11-4 PY 1992 BP 336 EP 341 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Marine; Environmental Sciences; Oceanography SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BC83X UT WOS:A1992BC83X00050 ER PT B AU CHENEY, R LILLIBRIDGE, J AF CHENEY, R LILLIBRIDGE, J GP MAROME TECHNOL SOC TI MONITORING SEA LEVEL IN THE 1990S USING SATELLITE ALTIMETRY SO MTS '92 - GLOBAL OCEAN PARTNERSHIP, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 Marine-Technology-Society Conference on Global Ocean Partnership CY OCT 19-21, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP MARINE TECHNOL SOC RP CHENEY, R (reprint author), NOAA,NATL OCEAN SERV,OFF OCEAN & EARTH SCI,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 BN 0-933957-11-4 PY 1992 BP 427 EP 428 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Marine; Environmental Sciences; Oceanography SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BC83X UT WOS:A1992BC83X00067 ER PT B AU WOHL, GM BERTOIA, CA AF WOHL, GM BERTOIA, CA GP MAROME TECHNOL SOC TI OPERATIONAL DEMONSTRATION OF ERS-1 SAR IMAGERY AT THE JOINT ICE CENTER SO MTS '92 - GLOBAL OCEAN PARTNERSHIP, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 Marine-Technology-Society Conference on Global Ocean Partnership CY OCT 19-21, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP MARINE TECHNOL SOC C1 USN,NOAA,JOINT ICE CTR,NATL WEATHER SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20395. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 BN 0-933957-11-4 PY 1992 BP 429 EP 433 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Marine; Environmental Sciences; Oceanography SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BC83X UT WOS:A1992BC83X00068 ER PT B AU STEFFEN, K SCHWEIGER, A AF STEFFEN, K SCHWEIGER, A GP MAROME TECHNOL SOC TI OCEAN SURFACE ENERGY FLUX ESTIMATES FROM SATELLITE DATA IN ARCTIC REGIONS SO MTS '92 - GLOBAL OCEAN PARTNERSHIP, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 Marine-Technology-Society Conference on Global Ocean Partnership CY OCT 19-21, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP MARINE TECHNOL SOC C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RI Steffen, Konrad/C-6027-2013 OI Steffen, Konrad/0000-0001-8658-1026 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 BN 0-933957-11-4 PY 1992 BP 434 EP 440 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Marine; Environmental Sciences; Oceanography SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BC83X UT WOS:A1992BC83X00069 ER PT B AU HAYES, SP MANGUM, LJ STEFFIN, OF AF HAYES, SP MANGUM, LJ STEFFIN, OF GP MAROME TECHNOL SOC TI THE TROPICAL ATMOSPHERE OCEAN ARRAY SO MTS '92 - GLOBAL OCEAN PARTNERSHIP, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 Marine-Technology-Society Conference on Global Ocean Partnership CY OCT 19-21, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP MARINE TECHNOL SOC C1 NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98115. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 BN 0-933957-11-4 PY 1992 BP 451 EP 456 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Marine; Environmental Sciences; Oceanography SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BC83X UT WOS:A1992BC83X00071 ER PT B AU SOREIDE, NN MCCLURG, DC DENBO, DW ZHU, WH DOLL, DJ MANGUM, LJ STRATTON, LD HAYES, SP AF SOREIDE, NN MCCLURG, DC DENBO, DW ZHU, WH DOLL, DJ MANGUM, LJ STRATTON, LD HAYES, SP GP MAROME TECHNOL SOC TI ATLAS DATA MANAGEMENT AND INTERACTIVE DATA DISPLAY FOR THE TOGA-TAO ARRAY OF MOORED BUOYS SO MTS '92 - GLOBAL OCEAN PARTNERSHIP, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 Marine-Technology-Society Conference on Global Ocean Partnership CY OCT 19-21, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP MARINE TECHNOL SOC C1 NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98115. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 BN 0-933957-11-4 PY 1992 BP 457 EP 463 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Marine; Environmental Sciences; Oceanography SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BC83X UT WOS:A1992BC83X00072 ER PT B AU JI, M LEETMAA, A AF JI, M LEETMAA, A GP MAROME TECHNOL SOC TI IMPACT OF TAO ARRAY ON OCEAN MODEL BASED CLIMATE DIAGNOSTICS AND PREDICTION SO MTS '92 - GLOBAL OCEAN PARTNERSHIP, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 Marine-Technology-Society Conference on Global Ocean Partnership CY OCT 19-21, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP MARINE TECHNOL SOC C1 NOAA,NWS,NATL METEOROL CTR,COUPLED MODELING PROJECT,WASHINGTON,DC 20233. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 BN 0-933957-11-4 PY 1992 BP 464 EP 470 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Marine; Environmental Sciences; Oceanography SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BC83X UT WOS:A1992BC83X00073 ER PT B AU JULIAN, PR AF JULIAN, PR GP MAROME TECHNOL SOC TI THE USE OF OCEAN BUOY DATA IN GLOBAL WEATHER FORECASTING SO MTS '92 - GLOBAL OCEAN PARTNERSHIP, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 Marine-Technology-Society Conference on Global Ocean Partnership CY OCT 19-21, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP MARINE TECHNOL SOC C1 NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,NATL METEOROL CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20233. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 BN 0-933957-11-4 PY 1992 BP 471 EP 476 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Marine; Environmental Sciences; Oceanography SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BC83X UT WOS:A1992BC83X00074 ER PT B AU BENNER, DA AF BENNER, DA GP MAROME TECHNOL SOC TI ARCTIC METEOROLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS FOR GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE SO MTS '92 - GLOBAL OCEAN PARTNERSHIP, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 Marine-Technology-Society Conference on Global Ocean Partnership CY OCT 19-21, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP MARINE TECHNOL SOC C1 USN,NOAA,JOINT ICE CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20395. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 BN 0-933957-11-4 PY 1992 BP 493 EP 497 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Marine; Environmental Sciences; Oceanography SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BC83X UT WOS:A1992BC83X00077 ER PT B AU PARKER, BB AF PARKER, BB GP MAROME TECHNOL SOC TI THE USE OF LONG HISTORICAL SEA LEVEL RECORDS IN THE STUDY OF CLIMATE AND GLOBAL CHANGE SO MTS '92 - GLOBAL OCEAN PARTNERSHIP, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 Marine-Technology-Society Conference on Global Ocean Partnership CY OCT 19-21, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP MARINE TECHNOL SOC C1 NOAA,NATL OCEAN SERV,OFF OCEAN & EARTH SCI,DIV OCEAN & LAKE LEVELS,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 BN 0-933957-11-4 PY 1992 BP 498 EP 506 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Marine; Environmental Sciences; Oceanography SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BC83X UT WOS:A1992BC83X00078 ER PT B AU ANDERSON, DM AF ANDERSON, DM GP MAROME TECHNOL SOC TI CHANGES IN UPWELLING AND OCEAN PRODUCTIVITY OVER HUNDREDS TO THOUSANDS OF YEARS - THE MARINE GEOLOGIC RECORD OF CLIMATE SO MTS '92 - GLOBAL OCEAN PARTNERSHIP, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 Marine-Technology-Society Conference on Global Ocean Partnership CY OCT 19-21, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP MARINE TECHNOL SOC C1 NOAA,PALEOCLIMATOL PROGRAM,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 BN 0-933957-11-4 PY 1992 BP 515 EP 521 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Marine; Environmental Sciences; Oceanography SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BC83X UT WOS:A1992BC83X00080 ER PT B AU PETERSON, W SCHWING, F SISSENWINE, M AF PETERSON, W SCHWING, F SISSENWINE, M GP MAROME TECHNOL SOC TI INTEGRATED SYSTEMS TO OBSERVE GLOBAL OCEAN ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS (GLOBEC) - NOW AND FOR THE 21ST CENTURY SO MTS '92 - GLOBAL OCEAN PARTNERSHIP, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 Marine-Technology-Society Conference on Global Ocean Partnership CY OCT 19-21, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP MARINE TECHNOL SOC C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 BN 0-933957-11-4 PY 1992 BP 529 EP 534 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Marine; Environmental Sciences; Oceanography SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BC83X UT WOS:A1992BC83X00082 ER PT B AU CANNON, GA PASHINSKI, DJ AF CANNON, GA PASHINSKI, DJ GP MAROME TECHNOL SOC TI MOORED ADCP MEASUREMENTS NEAR HYDROTHERMAL VENTING SO MTS '92 - GLOBAL OCEAN PARTNERSHIP, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 Marine-Technology-Society Conference on Global Ocean Partnership CY OCT 19-21, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP MARINE TECHNOL SOC C1 NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98115. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 BN 0-933957-11-4 PY 1992 BP 542 EP 548 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Marine; Environmental Sciences; Oceanography SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BC83X UT WOS:A1992BC83X00084 ER PT B AU GILHOUSEN, DB SIMMONS, GT AF GILHOUSEN, DB SIMMONS, GT GP MAROME TECHNOL SOC TI A WEATHER DISPLAY SYSTEM FOR VESSEL TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS SO MTS '92 - GLOBAL OCEAN PARTNERSHIP, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 Marine-Technology-Society Conference on Global Ocean Partnership CY OCT 19-21, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP MARINE TECHNOL SOC C1 NATL DATA BUOY CTR,BAY ST LOUIS,MS 39529. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 BN 0-933957-11-4 PY 1992 BP 617 EP 622 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Marine; Environmental Sciences; Oceanography SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BC83X UT WOS:A1992BC83X00095 ER PT B AU WATTS, CB KUNTZ, LS AF WATTS, CB KUNTZ, LS GP MAROME TECHNOL SOC TI GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE 1990S SO MTS '92 - GLOBAL OCEAN PARTNERSHIP, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 Marine-Technology-Society Conference on Global Ocean Partnership CY OCT 19-21, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP MARINE TECHNOL SOC C1 NOAA,CENT LIB,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 BN 0-933957-11-4 PY 1992 BP 671 EP 674 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Marine; Environmental Sciences; Oceanography SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BC83X UT WOS:A1992BC83X00104 ER PT B AU LUTHI, RB BURLINGTON, LB AF LUTHI, RB BURLINGTON, LB GP MAROME TECHNOL SOC TI DAMAGE ASSESSMENT REGULATIONS UNDER OPA SO MTS '92 - GLOBAL OCEAN PARTNERSHIP, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 Marine-Technology-Society Conference on Global Ocean Partnership CY OCT 19-21, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP MARINE TECHNOL SOC C1 NOAA,OFF GEN COUNSEL,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 BN 0-933957-11-4 PY 1992 BP 698 EP 704 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Marine; Environmental Sciences; Oceanography SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BC83X UT WOS:A1992BC83X00109 ER PT B AU WALZ, MA AF WALZ, MA GP MAROME TECHNOL SOC TI AN UPDATE OF MOORING DESIGN AT THE NATIONAL DATA BUOY CENTER SO MTS '92 - GLOBAL OCEAN PARTNERSHIP, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 Marine-Technology-Society Conference on Global Ocean Partnership CY OCT 19-21, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP MARINE TECHNOL SOC C1 NATL DATA BUOY CTR,BAY ST LOUIS,MS 39529. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 BN 0-933957-11-4 PY 1992 BP 924 EP 930 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Marine; Environmental Sciences; Oceanography SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BC83X UT WOS:A1992BC83X00141 ER PT B AU TENG, CC TIMPE, GL DAGNALL, RJ AF TENG, CC TIMPE, GL DAGNALL, RJ GP MAROME TECHNOL SOC TI FIELD TEST AND EVALUATION OF NDBCS COASTAL BUOY SO MTS '92 - GLOBAL OCEAN PARTNERSHIP, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 Marine-Technology-Society Conference on Global Ocean Partnership CY OCT 19-21, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP MARINE TECHNOL SOC C1 NATL DATA BUOY CTR,BAY ST LOUIS,MS 39529. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 BN 0-933957-11-4 PY 1992 BP 943 EP 948 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Marine; Environmental Sciences; Oceanography SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BC83X UT WOS:A1992BC83X00143 ER PT B AU TIMPE, G AF TIMPE, G GP MAROME TECHNOL SOC TI DISCUS BUOY STABILITY AND CAPSIZING - ANOTHER LOOK SO MTS '92 - GLOBAL OCEAN PARTNERSHIP, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 Marine-Technology-Society Conference on Global Ocean Partnership CY OCT 19-21, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP MARINE TECHNOL SOC C1 NATL DATA BUOY CTR,BAY ST LOUIS,MS 39529. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 BN 0-933957-11-4 PY 1992 BP 954 EP 959 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Marine; Environmental Sciences; Oceanography SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BC83X UT WOS:A1992BC83X00145 ER PT J AU LEWTAS, J CLAXTON, LD ROSENKRANZ, HS SCHUETZLE, D SHELBY, M MATSUSHITA, H WURGLER, FE ZIMMERMANN, FK LOFROTH, G MAY, WE KREWSKI, D MATSUSHIMA, T OHNISHI, Y GOPALAN, HNG SARIN, R BECKING, GC AF LEWTAS, J CLAXTON, LD ROSENKRANZ, HS SCHUETZLE, D SHELBY, M MATSUSHITA, H WURGLER, FE ZIMMERMANN, FK LOFROTH, G MAY, WE KREWSKI, D MATSUSHIMA, T OHNISHI, Y GOPALAN, HNG SARIN, R BECKING, GC TI DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A COLLABORATIVE STUDY OF THE MUTAGENICITY OF COMPLEX-MIXTURES IN SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; COMPLEX MIXTURES; BACTERIAL MUTAGENICITY; AMES TEST; ENVIRONMENTAL MIXTURES; COLLABORATIVE STUDY; INTERLABORATORY VARIABILITY AB In 1987, the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) in collaboration with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) and the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S. NIST) initiated an international collaborative study of the mutagenicity of complex environmental mixtures in the Ames Salmonella typhimurium mutation assay. The objectives of this study were: (1) to estimate the inter- and intra-laboratory variability associated with the extraction of mixtures for bioassay, (2) to estimate the inter- and intra-laboratory variability associated with the Salmonella typhimurium bioassay when applied to complex mixtures, and (3) to determine whether standard reference complex mixtures would be useful in mutagenicity studies and to evaluate whether reference or certified mutagenicity values determined from this collaborative study should be reported. The complex mixtures used in this study were selected from standard reference materials (SRMs) which had previously been issued by the U.S. NIST as SRM 1597 (coal tar), SRM 1649 (diesel particulate matter) and SRM 1650 (urban air particulate matter) with certified values for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. These SRM complex mixtures are available to scientists as reference standards for analytical chemistry research and are under consideration as SRMs for mutagenicity studies of complex environmental mixtures. This paper briefly describes the final study design, protocol, selection of the complex mixtures, and implementation of this international study. C1 NATL INST PUBL HLTH,MINATO KU,TOKYO 108,JAPAN. NORD SCH PUBL HLTH,GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NATL ENVIRONM ENGN RES INST,NAGPUR,INDIA. WHO,INT PROGRAMME CHEM SAFETY,INTERREG RES UNIT,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. UNIV PITTSBURGH,DEPT ENVIRONM & OCCUPAT HLTH,PITTSBURGH,PA 15261. FORD MOTOR CO,SCI RES LAB,DEARBORN,MI 48121. NIEHS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. UNIV ZURICH,SWISS FED INST TECHNOL,CH-8603 SCHWERZENBACH,SWITZERLAND. TH DARMSTADT,INST MIKROBIOL,W-6100 DARMSTADT,GERMANY. HLTH & WELF CANADA,ENVIRONM HLTH DIRECTORATE,OTTAWA K1A 0L2,ONTARIO,CANADA. UNIV TOKYO,INST MED SCI,DEPT MOLEC ONCOL,TOKYO 113,JAPAN. UNIV TOKUSHIMA,TOKUSHIMA 770,JAPAN. UNIV NAIROBI,DEPT BOT,NAIROBI,KENYA. RP LEWTAS, J (reprint author), US EPA,DIV GENET TOXICOL,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,GENET BIOASSAY BRANCH,MD 68,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. OI Claxton, Larry/0000-0001-7455-1583 NR 14 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD JAN-MAR PY 1992 VL 276 IS 1-2 BP 3 EP 9 DI 10.1016/0165-1110(92)90051-A PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA GW949 UT WOS:A1992GW94900002 PM 1370107 ER PT J AU MAY, WE BENNER, BA WISE, SA SCHUETZLE, D LEWTAS, J AF MAY, WE BENNER, BA WISE, SA SCHUETZLE, D LEWTAS, J TI STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS FOR CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF COMPLEX ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS; AIR PARTICLES; DIESEL PARTICLES; COAL TAR; SALMONELLA BIOASSAY; COMPLEX MIXTURES; CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL STUDIES; EXTRACTION OF SOLID SAMPLES ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; AIR PARTICULATE MATTER; EXTRACTS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; FRACTIONATION; DETECTOR; INDEXES AB Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) are often used in methods development and interlaboratory comparison studies since they are homogeneous and readily available to the scientific community. SRM 1649 (urban dust/organics), SRM 1650 (diesel particulate matter), and SRM 1597 (complex mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from coal tar) are three environmental samples which have been used by the scientific community for these purposes. These SRMs were originally developed to assist laboratories in validating analytical procedures for the determination of polycyclic organic compounds in complex mixtures. In addition, these SRMs have been valuable for the comparison of methodologies for bacterial bioassays and the development of bioassay-directed fractionation and bioassay-directed chemical analysis techniques. Most recently these SRMs were chosen for use as test samples in a collaborative study coordinated by the World Health Organization - International Programme on Chemical Safety. This paper provides a of much of the work to date (published and unpublished) on the chemical and biological characterization of these three SRMs. Information regarding the availability of other NIST SRMs that might be useful for these types of studies are provided also. C1 FORD MOTOR CO,DEPT ANALYT SCI,DEARBORN,MI 48121. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP MAY, WE (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 40 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD JAN-MAR PY 1992 VL 276 IS 1-2 BP 11 EP 22 DI 10.1016/0165-1110(92)90052-B PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA GW949 UT WOS:A1992GW94900003 PM 1370101 ER PT J AU KESTER, DR KULLENBERG, GEB COLE, M AF KESTER, DR KULLENBERG, GEB COLE, M TI A GLOBAL OCEAN OBSERVING SYSTEM SO NATURE & RESOURCES LA English DT Article AB This article describes an initiative to develop a Global Ocean Observing System. The needs and potential benefits of such a system, which is designed to strengthen existing ocean observing and data management programmes, are covered in addition to the mechanisms required for implementation. Because such a system would be implemented through national services, particular attention is paid to the importance of strengthening national capabilities for such an intricate and long-term undertaking. RP KESTER, DR (reprint author), NOAA,1825 CONNECTICUT AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20235, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PARTHENON PUBLISHING GROUP PI CARNFORTH LANCASHIRE PA CASTERTON HALL, CARNFORTH LANCASHIRE, ENGLAND LA6 2LA SN 0028-0844 J9 NATURE RESOUR JI Nat. Resour. PY 1992 VL 28 IS 1 BP 26 EP 34 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA LA412 UT WOS:A1992LA41200003 ER PT J AU WIESE, WL AF WIESE, WL TI SPECTROSCOPIC DATA FOR FUSION EDGE PLASMAS SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID RELATIVE OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; FE-I TRANSITIONS; ENERGY-LEVELS; PRECISION-MEASUREMENT; RADIATIVE LIFETIMES; MO-I; PROBABILITIES; SPECTRUM; WAVELENGTHS; 0.5-PERCENT AB The status of spectroscopic data for neutral atoms and moderately charged atomic ions of interest to fusion edge plasmas is reviewed. A table is presented which lists references to all current critical compilations on energy levels, wavelengths and transition probabilities. The critical assessment of spectroscopic data is discussed mainly with respect to atomic transition probabilities, since the typical uncertainties for these are still quite large. For the specific case of neutral iron and its low ions (Fe I to Fe V) the scope and quality of evaluated spectroscopic data are discussed in detail. RP WIESE, WL (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD, USA. NR 75 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PY 1992 VL 2 SU S BP 7 EP 13 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA JM108 UT WOS:A1992JM10800001 ER PT J AU DUNN, GH AF DUNN, GH TI ELECTRON-ION COLLISIONS IN THE PLASMA EDGE SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Review ID RECOMBINATION CROSS-SECTIONS; LOW-ENERGY E-H-2+; DIELECTRONIC-RECOMBINATION; DISSOCIATIVE-RECOMBINATION; IMPACT IONIZATION; RADIATIVE RECOMBINATION; OXYGEN IONS; VIBRATIONAL-EXCITATION; HYDROGENLIKE OXYGEN; RATE COEFFICIENTS AB The electron-ion collisional database required for modelling and diagnostics of the fusion plasma edge is briefly examined from the points of view of (1) experimental and theoretical means for obtaining the data, (2) relevant physical processes, (3) limitations on the data, and (4) availability and quality of the data for relevant species. Both molecular and atomic ions are considered. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV QUANTUM PHYS,BOULDER,CO. RP DUNN, GH (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 127 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PY 1992 VL 2 SU S BP 25 EP 39 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA JM108 UT WOS:A1992JM10800003 ER PT J AU ARRINGTON, J BEISE, EJ FILIPPONE, BW ONEILL, TG DODGE, WR DODSON, GW DOW, KA ZUMBRO, JD AF ARRINGTON, J BEISE, EJ FILIPPONE, BW ONEILL, TG DODGE, WR DODSON, GW DOW, KA ZUMBRO, JD TI A VARIABLE ENERGY MOLLER POLARIMETER AT THE MIT-BATES LINEAR-ACCELERATOR CENTER SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article ID POLARIZED ELECTRONS; SCATTERING AB A Moller polarimeter has been developed for operation on Beam Line B at the MIT-Bates Linear Accelerator Center. The beam polarization is inferred from measurement of the asymmetry in polarized electron-electron elastic scattering from a Fe-Co foil of known polarization. using a large-bore quadrupole magnet to momentum-select the scattered electrons. This article reports measurements at 250 MeV and 574 MeV. with a relative precision of 12% when statistical and systematic errors are added in quadrature. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. MIT,BATES LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,MIDDLETON,MA 01949. GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,WASHINGTON,DC 20052. RP ARRINGTON, J (reprint author), CALTECH,WK KELLOGG RADIAT LAB,PASADENA,CA 91125, USA. RI Arrington, John/D-1116-2012 OI Arrington, John/0000-0002-0702-1328 NR 20 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 1 PY 1992 VL 311 IS 1-2 BP 39 EP 48 DI 10.1016/0168-9002(92)90849-Y PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA GZ504 UT WOS:A1992GZ50400007 ER PT J AU BERGER, A BILLOWES, J DAS, J DUTTA, S GWINNER, G HOLBROW, CH KUHL, T LAURITSEN, T ROLSTON, SL SCHECKER, J SPROUSE, GD XU, F AF BERGER, A BILLOWES, J DAS, J DUTTA, S GWINNER, G HOLBROW, CH KUHL, T LAURITSEN, T ROLSTON, SL SCHECKER, J SPROUSE, GD XU, F TI A RESONANCE CELL FOR ONLINE OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY OF ACCELERATOR PRODUCED RADIOACTIVE ATOMS SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article ID LASER SPECTROSCOPY; ISOTOPES; FUSION; SPIN AB An apparatus has been developed for on-line studies of the optical spectra of radioactive atoms formed from heavy-ion fusion evaporation reaction products. The unstable nuclei recoil into a cell containing a noble gas in which they are neutralized and thermalized by the gas. A laser beam passing through the cell is tuned through an optical resonance of the diffusing atoms, and the resulting fluorescence is detected. The apparatus provides a relatively long laser-atom interaction time and allows the study of atoms too short lived or produced in amounts too small or from elements too refractory to be studied by other means. Isotope shifts of Yb-152, Yb-154, Yb-156, Yb-158 have been measured, as well as the shifts between the stable isotopes of the refractory element Hf. C1 UNIV MANCHESTER,MANCHESTER M13 9PL,LANCS,ENGLAND. COLGATE UNIV,HAMILTON,NY 13346. GSI DARMSTADT,DARMSTADT,GERMANY. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD. RP BERGER, A (reprint author), SUNY STONY BROOK,STONY BROOK,NY 11794, USA. RI Kuhl, Thomas/C-2243-2012; rolston, steven/L-5175-2013; OI Kuhl, Thomas/0000-0001-6306-4579; rolston, steven/0000-0003-1671-4190; Sprouse, Gene/0000-0002-7526-6490 NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 1 PY 1992 VL 311 IS 1-2 BP 224 EP 239 DI 10.1016/0168-9002(92)90868-5 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA GZ504 UT WOS:A1992GZ50400026 ER PT J AU COPLEY, JRD MILDNER, DFR AF COPLEY, JRD MILDNER, DFR TI SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSMISSION PROPERTIES OF CURVED-STRAIGHT NEUTRON GUIDE SYSTEMS SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1990 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN NUCLEAR SOC CY 1990 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP AMER NUCL SOC AB The spatial intensity distribution of neutrons emerging from a curved guide is far from uniform, particularly at short wavelengths, and curved guides are sometimes followed by a straight section of guide to make the intensity distribution more uniform. The behavior of neutrons within curved-straight neutron guide systems is examined using both ray-tracing and analytical approaches to the problem. The intensity distribution within the straight guide tends to wash from one side of the guide to the other. The amplitude of this transverse wave decreases with increasing guide length, and the characteristic length of the wave decreases with increasing neutron wavelength. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP COPLEY, JRD (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 6 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 110 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA GZ038 UT WOS:A1992GZ03800001 ER PT J AU EADIE, BJ ROBBINS, JA BLACKWELDER, P METZ, S TREFRY, JH MCKEE, B NELSON, TA AF EADIE, BJ ROBBINS, JA BLACKWELDER, P METZ, S TREFRY, JH MCKEE, B NELSON, TA GP NOAA TI A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF NUTRIENT ENHANCED COASTAL OCEAN PRODUCTIVITY IN SEDIMENTS FROM THE LOUISIANA CONTINENTAL-SHELF SO NUTRIENT ENHANCED COASTAL OCEAN PRODUCTIVITY, PROCEEDINGS OF WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Nutrient Enhanced Coastal Ocean Productivity CY OCT, 1991 CL LOUISIANA UNIV MARINE CONSORTIUM, CHAUVIN, LA SP NOAA, OFF OCEAN & ATMOSPHER RES HO LOUISIANA UNIV MARINE CONSORTIUM C1 NOAA,GREAT LAKES ERL,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TEXAS A&M UNIV SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM PI COLLEGE STN PA MARINE INFORMATION SERVICE, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843 PY 1992 BP 7 EP 14 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BB08F UT WOS:A1992BB08F00002 ER PT J AU BRATKOVICH, A DINNEL, SP AF BRATKOVICH, A DINNEL, SP GP NOAA TI LOWER MISSISSIPPI RIVER HISTORICAL NITRATE FLUX AND MISSISSIPPI RIVER OUTFLOW BUOYANCY FLUX SO NUTRIENT ENHANCED COASTAL OCEAN PRODUCTIVITY, PROCEEDINGS OF WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Nutrient Enhanced Coastal Ocean Productivity CY OCT, 1991 CL LOUISIANA UNIV MARINE CONSORTIUM, CHAUVIN, LA SP NOAA, OFF OCEAN & ATMOSPHER RES HO LOUISIANA UNIV MARINE CONSORTIUM C1 NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TEXAS A&M UNIV SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM PI COLLEGE STN PA MARINE INFORMATION SERVICE, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843 PY 1992 BP 37 EP 42 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BB08F UT WOS:A1992BB08F00006 ER PT J AU HITCHCOCK, G WHITLEDGE, T AF HITCHCOCK, G WHITLEDGE, T GP NOAA TI NUTRIENT PIGMENT VARIABILITY IN THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER PLUME AND ADJACENT WATERS SO NUTRIENT ENHANCED COASTAL OCEAN PRODUCTIVITY, PROCEEDINGS OF WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Nutrient Enhanced Coastal Ocean Productivity CY OCT, 1991 CL LOUISIANA UNIV MARINE CONSORTIUM, CHAUVIN, LA SP NOAA, OFF OCEAN & ATMOSPHER RES HO LOUISIANA UNIV MARINE CONSORTIUM C1 NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEROL LAB,MIAMI,FL 33149. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TEXAS A&M UNIV SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM PI COLLEGE STN PA MARINE INFORMATION SERVICE, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843 PY 1992 BP 43 EP 51 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BB08F UT WOS:A1992BB08F00007 ER PT B AU FAHNENSTIEL, GL MARCOVITZ, MH MCCORMICK, MJ REDALJE, DG LOHRENZ, SE CARRICK, HJ DAGG, MJ AF FAHNENSTIEL, GL MARCOVITZ, MH MCCORMICK, MJ REDALJE, DG LOHRENZ, SE CARRICK, HJ DAGG, MJ GP NOAA TI HIGH GROWTH AND MICROZOOPLANKTON-GRAZING LOSS RATES FOR PHYTOPLANKTON POPULATIONS FROM THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER PLUME REGION SO NUTRIENT ENHANCED COASTAL OCEAN PRODUCTIVITY, PROCEEDINGS OF WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Nutrient Enhanced Coastal Ocean Productivity CY OCT, 1991 CL LOUISIANA UNIV MARINE CONSORTIUM, CHAUVIN, LA SP NOAA, OFF OCEAN & ATMOSPHER RES HO LOUISIANA UNIV MARINE CONSORTIUM C1 GREAT LAKE ENVIRONMENT RES LAB,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU TEXAS A&M UNIV SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM PI COLLEGE STN PA MARINE INFORMATION SERVICE, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843 PY 1992 BP 111 EP 116 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BB08F UT WOS:A1992BB08F00015 ER PT J AU CAREY, JJ MIEREMET, RB AF CAREY, JJ MIEREMET, RB TI REDUCING VULNERABILITY TO SEA-LEVEL RISE - INTERNATIONAL INITIATIVES SO OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article RP CAREY, JJ (reprint author), NOAA,NATL OCEAN SERV,1825 CONNECTICUT AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20235, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0964-5691 J9 OCEAN COAST MANAGE JI Ocean Coastal Manage. PY 1992 VL 18 IS 1 BP 161 EP 177 DI 10.1016/0964-5691(92)90055-P PG 17 WC Oceanography; Water Resources SC Oceanography; Water Resources GA JA098 UT WOS:A1992JA09800008 ER PT J AU NEL, EM WESSMAN, CA VEBLEN, TT AF NEL, EM WESSMAN, CA VEBLEN, TT GP USDA TI THE USE OF DIGITAL IMAGE-PROCESSING TECHNIQUES IN OLD-GROWTH INVENTORIES SO OLD-GROWTH FORESTS IN THE SOUTHWEST AND ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGIONS : PROCEEDINGS OF A WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON OLD-GROWTH FORESTS IN THE SOUTHWEST AND ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGIONS CY MAR 09-13, 1992 CL PORTAL, AZ SP USDA, FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN RP NEL, EM (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,CTR STUDY EARTH SPACE,DEPT GEOG,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1992 VL 213 BP 135 EP 138 PG 4 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BW52P UT WOS:A1992BW52P00015 ER PT J AU BOWEN, RL MARJENHOFF, WA AF BOWEN, RL MARJENHOFF, WA TI DEVELOPMENT OF AN ADHESIVE BONDING SYSTEM SO OPERATIVE DENTISTRY LA English DT Article AB Building on findings concerning adhesion to enamel, R L Bowen and his colleagues at the Paffenbarger Research Center, National Institute of Standards and Technology began addressing and solving problems associated with (1) silicate cements and unfilled resins, (2) bonding In an aqueous environment, and (3) the development of an adhesion system for both dentin and enamel that could withstand various stresses. This article reviews the development of an adhesion system for bonding dental composites to dentin and enamel. RP BOWEN, RL (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,AMER DENT ASSOC HLTH FDN,PAFFENBARGER RES CTR,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV WASHINGTON PI SEATTLE PA SCHOOL DENTISTRY SM-57, SEATTLE, WA 98195 SN 0361-7734 J9 OPER DENT JI Oper. Dent. PY 1992 SU 5 BP 75 EP 80 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA JK966 UT WOS:A1992JK96600010 ER PT J AU PARRISH, CC EADIE, BJ GARDNER, WS CAVALETTO, JF AF PARRISH, CC EADIE, BJ GARDNER, WS CAVALETTO, JF TI LIPID CLASS AND ALKANE DISTRIBUTION IN SETTLING PARTICLES OF THE UPPER LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE GREAT LAKES; SEDIMENT TRAPS; LIPID CLASSES; LIPID; HYDROCARBONS; ALKANES; PARTICLES ID WAX ESTERS; MICHIGAN PHYTOPLANKTON; PARTICULATE MATTER; FLAME IONIZATION; SEDIMENT TRAPS; BEDFORD BASIN; CARBON; WATER; CHROMATOGRAPHY; HYDROCARBONS AB Sediment traps were deployed at up to 6 depths at seven stations in Lakes Superior, Michigan, and Huron for 2 months during the summer of 1984. Total organic carbon, total lipid, lipid classes, and alkanes were measured in the collected material to gain information on the composition, sources, and fate of particulate organic matter in the Great Lakes. Total aliphatic hydrocarbon was a large component of all samples, accounting for more than 15% of the extractable lipids. Particles collected at 10-m depth in Lake Huron had especially high relative contributions (more than 65% of total lipids) of total aliphatic hydrocarbons at the three stations examined. The high proportion of aliphatic hydrocarbon appears not to have originated from customary pollution sources. The alkane distribution was strongly dominated by even-numbered carbon chains of unknown origin. Algae are a possible source for the unsaturated hydrocarbons that were present at relatively elevated levels in settling particles. Botryococcus braunii, sampled from Lake Michigan had as much as 80% of its lipids in the form of hydrocarbons. Wax and sterol esters constituted less than 10% of the lipids in trap material except in samples from mid-depths in Lake Huron where high levels of these compounds may have resulted from elevated amounts of calanoid copepod debris or swimmers entering the traps. C1 NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105. NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 18 IS 1 BP 33 EP 40 DI 10.1016/0146-6380(92)90141-J PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA GV748 UT WOS:A1992GV74800005 ER PT J AU MEARNS, AJ AF MEARNS, AJ BE Grifman, PM Yoder, SE TI CONTAMINANT TRENDS IN THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BIGHT - 4 DECADES OF STRESS AND RECOVERY SO PERSPECTIVES ON THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Marine Environment of Southern California, at the 100th Anniversary Meeting of the Southern-California-Academy-of-Sciences CY MAY 10-11, 1991 CL LOS ANGELES, CA SP SO CALIF ACAD SCI, UNIV SO CALIF, SEA GRANT PROGRAM C1 NOAA,DIV HAZARDOUS MAT RESPONSE & ASSESSMENTS,SEATTLE,WA 98115. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA SEA GRANT PROGRAM PI LOS ANGELES PA UNIVERSITY PK, LOS ANGELES, CA 90089-1231 PY 1992 BP 5 EP 25 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BB19J UT WOS:A1992BB19J00001 ER PT J AU POWELL, CJ ERICKSON, NE RAMAKER, DE AF POWELL, CJ ERICKSON, NE RAMAKER, DE TI COMPARISON OF MEASURED AND CALCULATED APPEARANCE-POTENTIAL SPECTRA FOR 6 3D-METALS SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2ND INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON AUGER SPECTROSCOPY AND ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE ( IWASES-II ) CY SEP 04-06, 199 CL MALMO, SWEDEN SP SWEDISH NAT SCI RES COUNCIL, ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCI, NOBEL COMM, LUND UNIV, CITY MALMO ID 3D TRANSITION-METALS; ENERGY-LOSS SPECTRA; FINAL-STATE RULE; X-RAY-SPECTRA; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; FERROMAGNETIC IRON; ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; BAND-STRUCTURE; AUGER; SURFACE AB We report comparisons of measured and calculated L3-shell appearance-potential spectra (APS) for Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Co and Ni. The measurements were made with polycrystalline specimens and with a carefully calibrated electron energy scale. APS data have usually been interpreted in terms of a simple one-electron model in which both the excited core electron and the incident electron have final states near the Fermi level. According to this model, a self-convolution is made of the empty density of states (DOS) and this is convolved with a Lorentzian function to represent core-hole lifetime broadening. Comparisons of the shapes of measured and calculated APS yield satisfactory agreement for the heavier elements of the 3d series (Co and Ni) but the model breaks down for the lighter elements (Ti and V). As indicated by the final-state rule, we need to include effects of the core hole in the final state. With the use of a Green's function approach, the APS are calculated from the final-state DOS (i.e., modified by the presence of a core hole). For Ti and V, we indeed find satisfactory agreement with the measured data after including effects of the core hole. Core-hole effects are smaller but still noticeable for Cr and Fe; they are nearly negligible for Co and Ni, consistent with the above rule. C1 GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20052. RP POWELL, CJ (reprint author), NBS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 45 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0281-1847 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 1992 VL T41 BP 175 EP 179 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/1992/T41/029 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA HT944 UT WOS:A1992HT94400030 ER PT J AU FLENSBERG, K GIRVIN, SM JONSON, M PENN, DR STILES, MD AF FLENSBERG, K GIRVIN, SM JONSON, M PENN, DR STILES, MD TI QUANTUM-MECHANICS OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC ENVIRONMENT IN THE SINGLE-JUNCTION COULOMB BLOCKADE SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NOBEL JUBILEE SYMP CY DEC 04-07, 1991 CL GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN SP NOBEL FDN, UNIV GOTEBORG, CHALMERS UNIV TECH, CITY GOTEBORG ID ULTRASMALL TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; QUASI-PARTICLE DISSIPATION; SMALL METALLIC JUNCTIONS; ELECTRODYNAMIC ENVIRONMENT; JOSEPHSON JUNCTION; OHMIC CONDUCTION; FLUCTUATIONS; OSCILLATIONS; TRANSITION; ELECTRONS AB We discuss the interaction of a tunneling electron with its electromagnetic environment when the latter either is in equilibrium or includes an applied microwave field. The environment of an isolated tunnel junction is modeled by a set of harmonic oscillators that are suddenly displaced when an electron tunnels across the junction. We treat these displaced oscillators quantum mechanically, predicting behavior that is very different than that predicted by a semiclassical treatment. In particular, the shape of the zero-bias anomaly caused by the Coulomb blockade (a single-electron charging effect), is found to be strongly dependent on the impedance, Z(omega), of the leads connected to the junction. Comparison with three recent experiments demonstrates that the quantum mechanical treatment of this model correctly describes the essential physics in these systems. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV SOLID STATE,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PHYS,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. INDIANA UNIV,DEPT PHYS,BLOOMINGTON,IN 47405. CHALMERS UNIV TECHNOL,INST THEORET PHYS,S-41296 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Jonson, Mats/D-6545-2011; Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012; Flensberg, Karsten/N-4718-2014 OI Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156; Flensberg, Karsten/0000-0002-8311-0103 NR 65 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0281-1847 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 1992 VL T42 BP 189 EP 206 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/1992/T42/032 PG 18 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA JQ224 UT WOS:A1992JQ22400033 ER PT J AU GORCZYCA, T NORCROSS, DW AF GORCZYCA, T NORCROSS, DW TI CLOSE-COUPLING ANION CURVES FOR HF- AND HCL- SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ENERGY ELECTRON-SCATTERING; VIBRATIONAL-EXCITATION; POLAR-MOLECULES; NEGATIVE-ION; STATES; IMPACT AB We extend previous calculations on H-2- to the lowest 2-SIGMA+ states of HF- and HCl-. Anion potential-energy curves are computed in the single-configuration close-coupling approximation. Fixed-nuclei electron-molecule eigenphase sums are also computed. Static-exchange results are improved by including a correlation-polarization potential. The avoided crossing between the lowest anion state and the infinite series of dipole-bound states for HF- is tracked as the neutral and anion curves approach each other at smaller internuclear separations. The present method goes beyond previous calculations of this nature by retaining all long-range multipole moments in the asymptotic potential. C1 UNIV COLORADO,BOULDER,CO 80309. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV QUANTUM PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP GORCZYCA, T (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN 1 PY 1992 VL 45 IS 1 BP 140 EP 147 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.45.140 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA GY518 UT WOS:A1992GY51800021 ER PT J AU THOMSON, DS RENN, MJ GALLAGHER, TF AF THOMSON, DS RENN, MJ GALLAGHER, TF TI RADIATIVELY ASSISTED COLLISIONS OF K RYDBERG ATOMS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED COLLISIONS; RESONANT COLLISIONS; FIELD-IONIZATION; ENERGY-TRANSFER; STATES; SODIUM AB We have observed radiatively assisted collisions between velocity-selected K Rydberg atoms in radio-frequency (rf) fields. The low relative velocity of the atoms leads to long collision times, or equivalently, narrow, 1-MHz, collisional resonances. We have carried out systematic measurements with rf fields in the strong-field regime, and have shown that the cross sections agree quantitatively with the predictions of the strong-field theory. We have also shown experimentally and theoretically that the sum over m of the cross sections for m photon-assisted cross sections is larger than the resonant-collision cross section in the absence of a rf field. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP THOMSON, DS (reprint author), UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT ORAL PATHOL,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22901, USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN 1 PY 1992 VL 45 IS 1 BP 358 EP 363 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.45.358 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA GY518 UT WOS:A1992GY51800048 ER PT J AU GRAHAM, R SCHLAUTMANN, M ZOLLER, P AF GRAHAM, R SCHLAUTMANN, M ZOLLER, P TI DYNAMIC LOCALIZATION OF ATOMIC-BEAM DEFLECTION BY A MODULATED STANDING LIGHT-WAVE SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Note ID CHAOS; DIFFRACTION; DIFFUSION AB The deflection of an atomic beam passing a standing-wave laser field in front of an oscillating mirror occurs by chaotic diffusive momentum transfer in a classical description and, as we show, is limited by dynamical localization quantum mechanically. An experiment to observe this quantum effect in an atomic beam is proposed. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80302. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP GRAHAM, R (reprint author), UNIV GESAMTHSCH ESSEN,FACHBEREICH PHYS,W-4300 ESSEN 1,GERMANY. RI Zoller, Peter/O-1639-2014 OI Zoller, Peter/0000-0003-4014-1505 NR 21 TC 159 Z9 164 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN 1 PY 1992 VL 45 IS 1 BP R19 EP R22 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.45.R19 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA GY518 UT WOS:A1992GY51800006 ER PT J AU SANSONETTI, CJ GILLASPY, JD AF SANSONETTI, CJ GILLASPY, JD TI ABSOLUTE IONIZATION-ENERGY OF THE 2 S-1 LEVEL OF HELIUM SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Note AB We have measured the absolute wave numbers of a series of transitions from the metastable 2(1)S level of helium to the n 1P (n = 7-74) excited states. From these data we determine the binding energy of the 2(1)S level to 2.2 parts in 10(10) by using a Ritz series formula. This high-precision determination of the 2(1)S binding energy does not depend on theoretical calculation of the binding energy of any helium level. The result, 32033.228855(7) cm-1, confirms our earlier finding of a relatively large discrepancy with the predicted two-electron Lamb shift for the 2(1)S level. RP SANSONETTI, CJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 9 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN 1 PY 1992 VL 45 IS 1 BP R1 EP R3 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.45.R1 PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA GY518 UT WOS:A1992GY51800001 ER PT J AU ROSOV, N LYNN, JW LIN, Q CAO, G OREILLY, JW PERNAMBUCOWISE, P CROW, JE AF ROSOV, N LYNN, JW LIN, Q CAO, G OREILLY, JW PERNAMBUCOWISE, P CROW, JE TI ANTIFERROMAGNETIC ORDERING OF BAPRO3 VIA NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NORMAL-STATE PROPERTIES; MAGNETIC ORDER; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB We have used powder neutron diffraction to study the magnetic ordering and the crystallographic structure of the orthorhombically distorted perovskite BaPrO3. Reitveld refinement of high-resolution neutron-powder-diffraction patterns showed that BaPrO3 belongs to space group Pbnm, with a = 6.2137(3) angstrom, b = 6.1787(3) angstrom, and c = 8.7261(4) angstrom at room temperature. Our structural determination, confirmed by high-resolution x-ray powder diffraction, corrects the erroneous reversal of the a and b lattice parameters previously reported in the literature. The Pr moment is observed to order continuously and reversibly below T(N) = 11.7(2) K. The Pr spins are staggered along the c axis and the [110] direction with a low-temperature thermally averaged moment of = 0.35(5)mu(B). C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT PHYS,CTR SUPERCONDUCT RES,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. FLORIDA STATE UNIV,MARTECH,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32306. CHINESE ACAD SCI,BEIJING INST PHYS,BEIJING 100080,PEOPLES R CHINA. RP ROSOV, N (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 14 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 1 PY 1992 VL 45 IS 2 BP 982 EP 986 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.45.982 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA HA074 UT WOS:A1992HA07400050 ER PT J AU FLAMBAUM, VV AF FLAMBAUM, VV TI REGULAR MECHANISM OF PARITY AND TIME INVARIANCE NONCONSERVING EFFECTS ENHANCEMENT IN NEUTRON-CAPTURE AND SCATTERING NEAR P-WAVE COMPOUND RESONANCES SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID MANY-PARTICLE SPECTRA; STATISTICAL PROPERTIES; NUCLEAR-PHYSICS; SPATIAL PARITY; CROSS-SECTIONS; SPIN ROTATION; ODD ASYMMETRY; VIOLATION; LA-139; SYMMETRIES AB Recent measurements of parity nonconserving (PNC) effects in U-238 and Th-232 contradict the results of random matrix theory for nuclear compound states. In this work the value of the PNC effect is expressed in terms of a wave function at the nuclear surface where the wave function of the compound state is not "random" due to boundary conditions. A mechanism is suggested which can explain the permanent sign and large value of these effects. The correlations between compound-state components are considered. The T- and P-odd effects can be expressed in terms of observed P-odd effects. The "dynamical enhancement" of small interactions in other reactions and other systems is also discussed. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. NOVOSIBIRSK NUCL PHYS INST,NOVOSIBIRSK 630090,USSR. RP FLAMBAUM, VV (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80302, USA. NR 62 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JAN PY 1992 VL 45 IS 1 BP 437 EP 447 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.45.437 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA HB431 UT WOS:A1992HB43100047 ER PT J AU WU, ES SHIBATA, JH WANG, FW AF WU, ES SHIBATA, JH WANG, FW TI POLYMER SELF-DIFFUSION IN NAL POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE) ELECTROLYTES SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE FLUORESCENCE RECOVERY AFTER PHOTOBLEACHING; SELF-DIFFUSION; POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); ELECTROLYTES ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; CRYSTALLIZATION; POLYETHYLENE; TRANSPORT; MOLECULES; RECOVERY; KINETICS; COMPLEX; SYSTEMS; MODEL AB Using the technique of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching we have measured the self-diffusion coefficients (D) of poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) in NaI-PEO electrolytes. From the temperature dependence of the D values, the activation energy of self-diffusion was obtained. It has the same salt concentration dependence as the activation energy of ionic conductivity, suggesting that polymer segmental mobility is essential for ion transport in NaI-PEO electrolytes. The PEO diffusion rate was reduced significantly at low salt concentration, but raising the NaI concentration beyond 6 mol% resulted in only slight changes in D values. The concentration dependence of D was interpreted in terms of the interactions between PEO and sodium ions. From the response of D and the immobile fraction of PEO molecules to temperature and composition changes, several features in the NaI-PEO phase diagram were elucidated. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP WU, ES (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT PHYS,CATONSVILLE,MD 21228, USA. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PY 1992 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1014 EP 1020 DI 10.1016/0032-3861(92)90017-Q PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA HH246 UT WOS:A1992HH24600017 ER PT J AU GSELL, C ALYHELAL, NA SEMIATIN, SL JONAS, JJ AF GSELL, C ALYHELAL, NA SEMIATIN, SL JONAS, JJ TI INFLUENCE OF DEFORMATION DEFECTS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF STRAIN GRADIENTS DURING THE TENSILE DEFORMATION OF POLYETHYLENE SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE POLYETHYLENE; STRETCHING; PLASTIC INSTABILITY; NECKING; DEFORMATION DEFECTS ID PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; SOLID POLYMERS; STRESS TRIAXIALITY; BEHAVIOR AB The influence of initial deformation defects (localized prestrain) on the subsequent tensile behaviour of cylindrical bars of high-density polyethylene was investigated experimentally and theoretically. It was observed that neck nucleation occurs at the defect for moderate prestrains and outside the defect for larger prestrains. In the former case, the growth of the neck is limited and a secondary neck forms on the border of the predeformed zone. In all instances after the rod is fully drawn, a hard nodule remains at the defect location, the diameter of which increases with the prestrain. A simplified long-wavelength analysis proves that the above phenomena are controlled by the effect of the prestrain on the constitutive behaviour of the material. It is shown in particular that (i) prestraining softens the anelastic response of the polyethylene and (ii) prestraining hardens the material in the steady-state plastic regime. The complete stretching evolution of defect-containing samples can be modelled precisely by means of a finite-difference computer analysis. C1 MCGILL UNIV, DEPT MET ENGN, MONTREAL H3A 2A7, QUEBEC, CANADA. BATTELLE MEM INST, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD USA. RP ECOLE MINES, PHYS SOLIDE LAB, CNRS, UA 155, PARC SAURUPT, F-54042 NANCY, FRANCE. RI Jonas, John/A-2773-2008; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 OI Jonas, John/0000-0001-7291-6673; NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 EI 1873-2291 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PY 1992 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1244 EP 1254 DI 10.1016/0032-3861(92)90770-W PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA HL439 UT WOS:A1992HL43900016 ER PT J AU HAMMOUDA, B BRIBER, RM BAUER, BJ AF HAMMOUDA, B BRIBER, RM BAUER, BJ TI SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING FROM DEUTERATED POLYSTYRENE POLY(VINYLMETHYL ETHER) PROTONATED POLYSTYRENE TERNARY POLYMER BLENDS SO POLYMER LA English DT Note DE SMALL ANGLE NEUTRON SCATTERING; TERNARY POLYMER BLENDS; POLYSTYRENE BLENDS; POLY(VINYLMETHYL ETHER); RANDOM PHASE APPROXIMATION; FLORY-HUGGINS INTERACTION PARAMETER ID POLYVINYL METHYL-ETHER); HOMOPOLYMER MIXTURES AB Small angle neutron scattering measurements were performed on a ternary blend of deuterated polystyrene (PSD), poly(vinylmethyl ether) (PVME) and protonated polystyrene (PSH) for sample temperatures ranging from ambient to 160-degrees-C (close to the spinodal decomposition temperature). The extension of de Gennes' random phase approximation formula for the structure factor to three components was used to analyse the data. Two of the Flory-Huggins interaction parameters were obtained from the published literature (chi(PSD/PSH) and chi(PSD/PVME)) and the third, chi(PSH/PVME), was extracted from fits to the SANS data. Two different samples corresponding to the same PVME composition but different PSH/PSD fractions gave similar dependences: chi(PSH/PVME)/upsilon(o) = 10.3 x 10(-4) - 0.422/T and chi(PSH/PVME)/upsilon(o) = 10.6 x 10(-4) - 0.436/T, where T is the absolute temperature. Plots of chi versus 1/T show a uniform shift of around 20-degrees-C (downward in temperature) in going from the PSD/PVME to the PSH/PVME blends. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP HAMMOUDA, B (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,BLDG 235,E151,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Briber, Robert/A-3588-2012 OI Briber, Robert/0000-0002-8358-5942 NR 8 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PY 1992 VL 33 IS 8 BP 1785 EP 1787 DI 10.1016/0032-3861(92)91086-H PG 3 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA HW189 UT WOS:A1992HW18900036 ER PT J AU GSELL, C MCKENNA, GB AF GSELL, C MCKENNA, GB TI INFLUENCE OF PHYSICAL AGING ON THE YIELD RESPONSE OF MODEL DGEBA POLY(PROPYLENE OXIDE) EPOXY GLASSES SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE COMPRESSION; EPOXY; GLASSES; NETWORKS; PHYSICAL AGING; PLASTIC YIELDING ID PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; POLYMERS; RELAXATION; HISTORY; CREEP; STATE AB Cylindrical specimens were prepared from two diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) amine-terminated poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) networks of different crosslink density and subjected to quenching and isothermal ageing treatments at different temperatures and ageing times of between 0.1 and 1000 h. The changes in the structure of the glasses during the ageing towards equilibrium was subsequently assessed by measurement of the yield stress in uniaxial compression at the same temperature as the ageing. It was found that for both resins, the yield stress increases by as much as 1.8 times over the range of ageing times investigated. It was found for each system that the evolution of the yield stress virtually ceases after a critical ageing time t* which increases as temperature decreases. Also, it was observed that the lower yield stress corresponding to the onset of generalized plastic flow exhibits only a very small increase with the ageing time. From the influence of temperature and strain rate on the above phenomena, the kinetics of physical ageing were examined quantitatively in terms of the time-ageing time-temperature equivalence principle. The results suggest that the increase in yield stress on ageing is correlated to volume recovery and to the induced increase of the relaxation times as the polymeric glass evolves towards its equilibrium state. C1 ECOLE MINES,PHYS SOLIDE LAB,CNRS,URA 155,PARC SAURUPT,F-54042 NANCY,FRANCE. RP GSELL, C (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI McKenna, Gregory/O-1134-2013 OI McKenna, Gregory/0000-0002-5676-9930 NR 30 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PY 1992 VL 33 IS 10 BP 2103 EP 2113 DI 10.1016/0032-3861(92)90876-X PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA HW559 UT WOS:A1992HW55900011 ER PT J AU KUROKAWA, H SHIBAYAMA, M ISHIMARU, T NOMURA, S WU, WI AF KUROKAWA, H SHIBAYAMA, M ISHIMARU, T NOMURA, S WU, WI TI PHASE-BEHAVIOR AND SOL-GEL TRANSITION OF POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL) BORATE COMPLEX IN AQUEOUS-SOLUTION SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE PHASE BEHAVIOR; POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL); COMPLEXES ID POLYMER-ION SOLUTIONS; VISCOSITY BEHAVIOR; POLYVINYL-ALCOHOL); GELATION AB Phase behaviour and sol-gel transition of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) aqueous solutions in the presence of borate ions were investigated. PVA molecules are known to form charged complexes with borate ions in aqueous solutions containing borax (Na2B4O7 . 10H2O) or a mixture of boric acid and sodium hydroxide. These complexes show the following viscosity and phase behaviour as a function of the concentrations of boric acid, sodium hydroxide, and salt. 1. At a given combination of PVA concentration and ionic strength, the system underwent a clear-opaque-clear transition with increasing boric acid concentration. 2. The intrinsic viscosity [eta] decreased first and then increased with increasing boric acid concentration in alkaline solution. 3. The opaque region grew to some extent with time and/or by adding salt (i.e., NaCl). 4. When the polymer concentration increased, a thermoreversible sol-gel transition took place without phase demixing. The gelation concentration was close to the chain overlap concentration estimated from [eta]. All the above phenomena can be explained by a balance of the excluded volume effect due to intra- and inter-chain crosslinks and electrostatic potentials. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP SHIBAYAMA, M (reprint author), KYOTO INST TECHNOL,DEPT POLYMER SCI & ENGN,SAKYO KU,KYOTO 606,JAPAN. RI Shibayama, Mitsuhiro/E-1646-2015 OI Shibayama, Mitsuhiro/0000-0002-8683-5070 NR 26 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 6 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PY 1992 VL 33 IS 10 BP 2182 EP 2188 DI 10.1016/0032-3861(92)90886-2 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA HW559 UT WOS:A1992HW55900021 ER PT J AU MATSUSHITA, Y SHIMIZU, K NODA, I CHANG, TH HAN, CC AF MATSUSHITA, Y SHIMIZU, K NODA, I CHANG, TH HAN, CC TI CHAIN CONFORMATION OF BLOCK COPOLYMERS IN DILUTE-SOLUTIONS MEASURED BY SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE BLOCK COPOLYMER; CHAIN CONFORMATION; DILUTE SOLUTION; RADIUS OF GYRATION; SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON SCATTERING ID LIGHT-SCATTERING; DIBLOCK; STYRENE AB Chain dimensions of the polystyrene-d8 parts of a styrene-d8-2-vinylpyridine block copolymer (DP-33) and a styrene-d8-styrene-h8 block copolymer (DH-44), both with 50 : 50 compositions, were measured in dilute solutions of pyridine (a common good solvent) benzene (a selective solvent) and methyl ethyl ketone (a poor solvent) by small-angle neutron scattering. The conformation of one block chain within a diblock copolymer is not affected by the existence of another block chain, regardless of the solvent power at least when the composition of the diblock copolymer is 50 : 50, and the molecular weight is not high. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP MATSUSHITA, Y (reprint author), NAGOYA UNIV,DEPT APPL CHEM,FURO CHO,CHIKUSA KU,NAGOYA 46401,JAPAN. RI Chang, Taihyun/F-5725-2013 NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PY 1992 VL 33 IS 11 BP 2412 EP 2415 DI 10.1016/0032-3861(92)90536-6 PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA HX158 UT WOS:A1992HX15800023 ER PT J AU FENG, Y HAN, CC TAKENAKA, M HASHIMOTO, T AF FENG, Y HAN, CC TAKENAKA, M HASHIMOTO, T TI MOLECULAR-WEIGHT DEPENDENCE OF MOBILITY IN POLYMER BLENDS SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE MOLECULAR WEIGHT DEPENDENCE; MOBILITY; POLYMER BLENDS ID SLOW SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION; BINARY-LIQUID MIXTURES; MUTUAL DIFFUSION; PHASE-SEPARATION; INTERDIFFUSION; DYNAMICS AB The molecular weight dependence of mobility in polystyrene/poly(vinyl methyl ether) blends (PS/PVME), in polybutadiene/styrene-butadiene random copolymer (PB/SBR) blends and in polyisoprene/styrene-butadiene random copolymer (PI/SBR) blends has been studied by time resolved light scattering. In the case of PS/PVME, blend samples were quenched from an initial equilibrium temperature, close to the critical temperature, to a final temperature which is deeper in the miscible region. The decay of concentration fluctuations was measured, and the interdiffusion coefficient was deduced, then mobilities were calculated. In the PB/SBR and PI/SBR blends, samples were homogenized by uniaxial compression and interdiffusion coefficients were obtained through time resolved light scattering measurement in the early stage of spinodal decomposition. Mobility was related to the ratio of the interdiffusion coefficient and q(m)2 (0), with q(m)(0) as the peak position which corresponds to the dominant mode of concentration fluctuations in the early stage of spinodal decomposition. It is clear from our results that mobility can be represented by the vacancy model at lower molecular weights but shows deviation towards the incompressible model at higher molecular weights. The converse can also be said. The overall molecular weight dependence of the mobility can be well represented by the Akcasu-Naegele-Klein equation. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. E CHINA UNIV CHEM TECHNOL,DEPT POLYMER SCI & ENGN,SHANGHAI 200237,PEOPLES R CHINA. KYOTO UNIV,DEPT POLYMER CHEM,KYOTO 606,JAPAN. NR 29 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PY 1992 VL 33 IS 13 BP 2729 EP 2739 DI 10.1016/0032-3861(92)90446-4 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA JC853 UT WOS:A1992JC85300013 ER PT J AU SCHNEIDER, HA DIMARZIO, EA AF SCHNEIDER, HA DIMARZIO, EA TI THE GLASS TEMPERATURE OF POLYMER BLENDS - COMPARISON OF BOTH THE FREE-VOLUME AND THE ENTROPY PREDICTIONS WITH DATA SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE GLASS TEMPERATURE; BLENDS; FREE VOLUME; ENTROPY ID BISPHENOL-A POLYCARBONATE; OXIDE) POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); TRANSITION-TEMPERATURES; POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; COMPOSITION DEPENDENCE; ALIPHATIC POLYESTERS; ETHER) BLENDS; POLYSTYRENE; MISCIBILITY AB Experimental glass temperatures for 30 compatible blends have been compared with an equation derived from the hypothesis that the glass temperature is determined by conformational entropy changes and with the well known glass transition temperature (T(g)) versus composition equation of Fox based on volume additivity. Since these equations neglect interactions, it is not surprising that they fail in predicting at least half the experimental T(g) data. Nevertheless the approximate equivalence of the predictions of these two equations suggests that the glass temperature of an infinite molecular weight polymer is proportional to the mass divided by the number of flexible bonds of the monomer unit. As the interactions are disregarded, the two equations are zero-order treatments and thus they can both be improved. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP SCHNEIDER, HA (reprint author), UNIV FREIBURG,INST MAKROMOLEK CHEM,STEFAN MEIER STR 31,W-7800 FREIBURG,GERMANY. NR 63 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PY 1992 VL 33 IS 16 BP 3453 EP 3461 DI 10.1016/0032-3861(92)91103-9 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA JJ081 UT WOS:A1992JJ08100015 ER PT J AU WU, W WIGNALL, GD MANDELKERN, L AF WU, W WIGNALL, GD MANDELKERN, L TI A SANS STUDY OF THE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION MECHANISM IN POLYETHYLENE SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE SANS; PLASTIC DEFORMATION; POLYETHYLENE ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; DRAWN FIBERS; NECKING; MODEL AB Small angle neutron scattering was used to investigate the role of partial melting and recrystallization in the solid state deformation of polyethylene. Blends containing 4 vol% deuteropolyethylene in protonated polyethylene were deformed in a pure shear mode. The scattering cross section of the undeformed blends was well in excess of that expected for randomly (statistically) dispersed molecules, due to isotopic segregation effects between the deuterated and the protonated species. A significant reduction in the excess scattering was observed as the blends were deformed beyond the yield point. Upon further deformation, the cross section underwent a further modest decrease. Such a reduction is known to occur on melting. The neutron scattering results, hence, support the notion of local melting during the yielding and the subsequent deformation processes. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV SOLID STATE,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP WU, W (reprint author), NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. OI Wignall, George/0000-0002-3876-3244 NR 15 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 4 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PY 1992 VL 33 IS 19 BP 4137 EP 4140 DI 10.1016/0032-3861(92)90617-6 PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA JR692 UT WOS:A1992JR69200024 ER PT J AU WALDOW, DA NAKATANI, AI HAN, CC AF WALDOW, DA NAKATANI, AI HAN, CC TI ANISOTROPIC PHASE-SEPARATION KINETICS IN A POLYMER BLEND SOLUTION FOLLOWING CESSATION OF SHEAR STUDIED BY LIGHT-SCATTERING SO POLYMER LA English DT Note DE POLYMER BLENDS; LIGHT SCATTERING; PHASE SEPARATION KINETICS; FLOW-INDUCED ANISOTROPY ID SEMIDILUTE SOLUTION; FLOW AB A light scattering instrument capable of monitoring the scattering from samples under the influence of a simple shear field has been constructed. The apparatus consists of transparent cone-and-plate fixtures and a two-dimensional charge coupled device array detector. The detector unit is also capable of measuring the scattering patterns as a function of time. The phase separation kinetics of an 8% solution of a polystyrene/polybutadiene (50:50) blend in dioctyl phthalate following cessation of a steady shear is monitored with this instrument. The sample is two-phase in the quiescent state and the applied shear is sufficient to suppress all scattering observed from the quiescent sample (shear-induced mixing). The evolution of the scattering profiles following cessation of shear is quite different parallel and perpendicular to the original flow direction. In the normal direction, a spinodal growth and coarsening mechanism similar to that observed in temperature quench experiments is observed. In the parallel direction, a different mechanism is followed. We believe this is the first report of this type of anisotropic behaviour in the phase separation kinetics of a polymer blend. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. OI Waldow, Dean/0000-0002-0588-4760 NR 8 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PY 1992 VL 33 IS 21 BP 4635 EP 4638 DI 10.1016/0032-3861(92)90425-V PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA JX127 UT WOS:A1992JX12700028 ER PT J AU HADZIIOANNOU, G BENOIT, H TANG, W SHULL, K HAN, CC AF HADZIIOANNOU, G BENOIT, H TANG, W SHULL, K HAN, CC TI NEUTRON-SCATTERING BY MULTIBLOCK COPOLYMERS OF STRUCTURE (A-B)(N)-A SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE COPOLYMERS; NEUTRON SCATTERING; DEUTERATION; POLYSTYRENE AB Multiblock copolymers were prepared by anionic copolymerization of deuterated and classical styrene monomers. The use of bifunctional initiators gives copolymers with an odd number of sequences. Neutron scattering experiments were performed on these samples in order to check the existing theories which are extended in the first part to multiblock copolymers with an odd number of blocks. The agreement between theory and experiment is excellent and, surprisingly, the height of the maximum of the curves: scattered intensity versus scattering angle, does not depend on the number of blocks. C1 CRM,ICS,6 RUE BOUSSINGAULT,F-6700 STRASBOURG,FRANCE. UNIV GRONINGEN,DEPT CHEM,9747 AG GRONINGEN,NETHERLANDS. IBM CORP,ARC,SAN JOSE,CA 95120. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMER,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Shull, Kenneth/B-7536-2009 NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PY 1992 VL 33 IS 22 BP 4677 EP 4681 DI 10.1016/0032-3861(92)90675-M PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA JY848 UT WOS:A1992JY84800002 ER PT J AU CHANG, SS AF CHANG, SS TI EFFECT OF CURING HISTORY ON ULTIMATE GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE AND NETWORK STRUCTURE OF CROSS-LINKING POLYMERS SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE CROSS-LINKING NETWORK; CURE MONITORING; DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; DIGLYCIDYL ETHER OF BISPHENOL-A; 2-ETHYL-4-METHYL IMIDAZOLE; GLASS TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; THERMAL ANALYSIS; THERMAL HISTORY; THERMOSET RESINS ID EPOXY-RESINS; IMIDAZOLE CATALYSIS; THERMAL-PROPERTIES; GLYCIDYL ETHER; MECHANISM; POLYMERIZATION; EPOXIDES; KINETICS; SYSTEMS; CURE AB For a particular crosslinking polymer, it is often considered that the final state of crosslinking may be reached by post-curing at temperatures above its ultimate glass transition temperature, T(g,u), regardless of previous curing histories. Although this appears to be true over a certain range of variation in curing history, the T(g,u) and the network structure depend strongly on the curing history over a wide range of conditions for the homopolymerization of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) catalysed by 2-ethyl-4-methyl imidazole. As degrees of cure and crosslink increase, the glass transition temperature, T(g), of a sample may increase from the monomeric DGEBA value of -22-degrees-C to the highest value near 180-degrees-C. Depending on the curing thermal history, some samples may only attain a T(g,u) of approximately 100-degrees-C, even after post-curing at 200-degrees-C for 16 h. Although the influence of thermal history on T(g) may rank second after the influence of the degree of cure, it is the most important factor on T(g,u) for a fixed resin and catalyst composition. The reversible physical ageing process appears to be the least influential on T(g). As all crosslinking reactions involve competing reactions with different kinetic parameters, we believe that these phenomena are universally observable to a greater or lesser degree in all crosslinking reactions. RP CHANG, SS (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 34 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PY 1992 VL 33 IS 22 BP 4768 EP 4778 DI 10.1016/0032-3861(92)90691-O PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA JY848 UT WOS:A1992JY84800018 ER PT J AU WU, W MAJKRZAK, CF SATIJA, SK ANKNER, JF ORTS, WJ SATKOWSKI, M SMITH, SD AF WU, W MAJKRZAK, CF SATIJA, SK ANKNER, JF ORTS, WJ SATKOWSKI, M SMITH, SD TI THE DENSITY PROFILE AT A POLYMER SOLID INTERFACE SO POLYMER LA English DT Note DE DENSITY PROFILE; INTERFACE; NEUTRON REFLECTOMETRY ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; ATOMISTIC SIMULATION; LATTICE MODEL; PLATES; SURFACE; WALLS; MELT AB The density of an amorphous polymer near its interface with a flat solid surface was investigated using neutron reflectometry. Bulk poly(methyl methacrylate) with a monodisperse molecular weight in contact with a silicon single crystal wafer was the first system studied, and the emphasis was placed on the temperature dependence of the interface density profile. The temperature range studied encompassed the glass transition temperature of the polymer and a reversible change in the density profile was discovered. C1 PROCTER & GAMBLE CO,CINCINNATI,OH 45239. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP WU, W (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. OI Ankner, John/0000-0002-6737-5718 NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PY 1992 VL 33 IS 23 BP 5081 EP 5084 DI 10.1016/0032-3861(92)90062-2 PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA KB201 UT WOS:A1992KB20100026 ER PT B AU SARMIENTO, JL SIEGENTHALER, U AF SARMIENTO, JL SIEGENTHALER, U BE FALKOWSKI, PG WOODHEAD, AD TI NEW PRODUCTION AND THE GLOBAL CARBON-CYCLE SO PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY AND BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES IN THE SEA SE ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37TH BROOKHAVEN SYMP IN BIOLOGY : PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY AND BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES IN THE SEA CY JUN 02-06, 1991 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY SP US DOE, NASA, NATL SCI FDN, NATL OCEAN & ATMOSPH ADM, ELECT POWER RES INST, US EPA HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB RP SARMIENTO, JL (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,PROGRAM ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI,PRINCETON,NJ 08544, USA. NR 0 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA NEW YORK BN 0-306-44192-6 J9 ENVIR SCI R PY 1992 VL 43 BP 317 EP 332 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BV67T UT WOS:A1992BV67T00018 ER PT J AU KANDA, M MASTERSON, KD AF KANDA, M MASTERSON, KD TI OPTICALLY SENSED EM-FIELD PROBES FOR PULSED FIELDS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Article AB We discuss the characteristics of photonic probes that give them the potential to measure pulsed electromagnetic fields more accurately than has been possible in the past. An overview of system design is presented with particular emphasis placed on the transfer functions of appropriate antennas and electro-optic modulators. Noise sources which limit the sensitivity to low signals are discussed and used to determine the noise equivalent field (NEF). The characteristics of some probes developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology are presented. The NEF's of these probes are about 0.1 V. m-1.Hz-1/2 and are about 10(3) times the theoretical limits. For a 1 Hz bandwidth their dynamic ranges are on the order of 70 dB. Optical guided wave technology holds considerable promise for fabricating modulators with a wide variety of operating parameters that can improve probe performance and extend their applications to a wider region of the electromagnetic spectrum. RP KANDA, M (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET FIELDS,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 23 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9219 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD JAN PY 1992 VL 80 IS 1 BP 209 EP 218 DI 10.1109/5.119581 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA HE999 UT WOS:A1992HE99900019 ER PT B AU WEIDNER, D ROSENBERRY, B AF WEIDNER, D ROSENBERRY, B BE Wyban, J TI WORLD SHRIMP FARMING SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SPECIAL SESSION ON SHRIMP FARMING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPECIAL SESSION ON SHRIMP FARMING, AT THE 1992 MEETING OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOC ( AQ 92 ) CY MAY 22-25, 1992 CL ORLANDO, FL SP WORLD AQUACULTURE SOC RP WEIDNER, D (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,1335 E W HIGHWAY,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD AQUACULTURE SOC PI BATON ROUGE PA BATON ROUGE BN 0-9624529-7-1 PY 1992 BP 1 EP 21 PG 21 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BZ01J UT WOS:A1992BZ01J00001 ER PT J AU ARMSTRONG, R RANGO, A AF ARMSTRONG, R RANGO, A BE SHAFER, B TI MONITORING SNOW GRAIN-SIZE FOR PASSIVE MICROWAVE STUDIES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 60TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE WESTERN SNOW CONF CY APR 14-16, 1992 CL JACKSON, WY RP ARMSTRONG, R (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,NSIDC,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE PI PORTLAND PA PORTLAND PY 1992 BP 46 EP 55 PG 10 WC Forestry; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Forestry; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA BW81T UT WOS:A1992BW81T00006 ER PT J AU MAHONEY, JL BROWN, JM AF MAHONEY, JL BROWN, JM BE SHAFER, B TI SNOWFALL-EVENT CLIMATOLOGY - THE FINALE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 60TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE WESTERN SNOW CONF CY APR 14-16, 1992 CL JACKSON, WY RP MAHONEY, JL (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,FORECAST SYST LAB,325 BROADWAY R E FS1,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE PI PORTLAND PA PORTLAND PY 1992 BP 66 EP 77 PG 12 WC Forestry; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Forestry; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA BW81T UT WOS:A1992BW81T00008 ER PT B AU NICKLESS, RC AF NICKLESS, RC BE SHAFER, B TI PREDICTING SNOW MELT AND STREAMFLOW VOLUMES IN THE ARKANSAS RIVER BASIN OF COLORADO SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 60TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE WESTERN SNOW CONF CY APR 14-16, 1992 CL JACKSON, WY RP NICKLESS, RC (reprint author), RIVER FORECAST CTR,NATL WEATHER SERV,10159 E 11TH ST,SUITE 300,TULSA,OK 74128, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE PI PORTLAND PA PORTLAND PY 1992 BP 137 EP 140 PG 4 WC Forestry; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Forestry; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA BW81T UT WOS:A1992BW81T00018 ER PT S AU BOISVERT, RF AF BOISVERT, RF BE Gaffney, PW Houstis, EN TI TOWARD AN INTELLIGENT SYSTEM FOR MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE SELECTION SO PROGRAMMING ENVIRONMENTS FOR HIGH-LEVEL SCIENTIFIC PROBLEM SOLVING SE IFIP TRANSACTIONS A-COMPUTER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IFIP TC2/WG2.5 Workshop Conference on Programming Environments for High-Level Scientific Problem Solving CY SEP 23-27, 1991 CL KARLSRUHE, GERMANY SP IFIP, TECH COMM SOFTWARE, THEORY & PRACTICE C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CTR COMP & APPL MATH,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-5473 BN 0-444-89176-5 J9 IFIP TRANS A PY 1992 VL 2 BP 79 EP 88 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BZ90H UT WOS:A1992BZ90H00007 ER PT B AU DEWEY, MS GREENE, GL SNOW, WM AF DEWEY, MS GREENE, GL SNOW, WM BE Chardin, G Fackler, O TranThanhVan, J TI TESTING THE STANDARD MODEL WITH NEUTRON BETA-DECAY SO PROGRESS IN ATOMIC PHYSICS NEUTRINOS AND GRAVITATION SE MORIOND WORKSHOPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XIIth Moriond Workshop on Progress in Atomic Physics, Neutrinos and Gravitation CY JAN 25-FEB 01, 1992 CL LES ARCS, FRANCE SP CNRS, COMMISSARIAT ENERGIE ATOM, NATL RES FDN C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITIONS FRONTIERES PI DREUX PA 7 AVENUE KENNEDY, 28100 DREUX, FRANCE BN 2-86332-117-X J9 MORIOND WOR PY 1992 VL 72 BP 281 EP 298 PG 18 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BB99G UT WOS:A1992BB99G00037 ER PT J AU CAHN, JW AF CAHN, JW TI THE THERMOCHEMICAL IMPLICATIONS OF DEFORMATION TWINNING AND MARTENSITE TRANSFORMATIONS SO PROGRESS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID RAY DIFFUSE-SCATTERING; AL EQUILIBRIUM DIAGRAM; SUPERLATTICE STRUCTURES; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; SOLID-SOLUTIONS; CU-ZN; ALLOYS; BCC; THERMODYNAMICS AB Shear transformations, such as deformation twinning, pseudotwinning, and martensites, can result in predictable and reversible rearrangements of the local atomic environments and the crystal symmetries. By manipulating the composition and local order of the parent phase, a degree of control can be achieved over the structure of the sheared phase. Unusual crystal structures can be created with interesting implications for thermochemical, mechanical and physical properties, and alloy theory. RP CAHN, JW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 65 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0079-6425 J9 PROG MATER SCI JI Prog. Mater. Sci. PY 1992 VL 36 BP 149 EP 166 DI 10.1016/0079-6425(92)90007-T PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA HX893 UT WOS:A1992HX89300007 ER PT J AU VEERAPANDIAN, B GILLILAND, GL RAAG, R SVENSSON, AL MASUI, Y HIRAI, Y POULOS, TL AF VEERAPANDIAN, B GILLILAND, GL RAAG, R SVENSSON, AL MASUI, Y HIRAI, Y POULOS, TL TI FUNCTIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF INTERLEUKIN-1-BETA BASED ON THE 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND GENETICS LA English DT Article DE CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; MOLECULAR ISOMORPHOUS REPLACEMENT; MOLECULAR DYNAMICS; REFINEMENT; INTERLEUKIN; SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; RECEPTOR-BINDING SURFACE; EPITOPE ID RECOMBINANT HUMAN INTERLEUKIN-1-BETA; LEAST-SQUARES REFINEMENT; IL-1 RECEPTOR; MACROMOLECULAR CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; PROTEIN STRUCTURES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; RESOLUTION; PRECURSOR; SEQUENCE; 1-ALPHA AB The molecular structure of interleukin-l-beta, a hormone-like cytokine with roles in several disease processes, has been determined at 2.0 A resolution and refined to a crystallographic R-factor of 0.19. The frame-work of this molecule consists of 12 antiparallel beta-strands exhibiting pseudo-3-fold symmetry. Six of the strands make up a beta-barrel with polar residues concentrated at either end. Analysis of the three-dimensional structure, together with results from site-directed mutagenesis and biochemical and immunological studies, suggest that the core of the beta-barrel plays an important functional role. A large patch of charged residues on one end of the barrel is proposed as the binding surface with which IL-1 interacts with its receptor. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. OTSUKA PHARMACEUT CO LTD,TOKUSHIMA 77101,JAPAN. RP VEERAPANDIAN, B (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,MARYLAND BIOTECHNOL INST,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850, USA. NR 59 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD JAN PY 1992 VL 12 IS 1 BP 10 EP 23 DI 10.1002/prot.340120103 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA GY306 UT WOS:A1992GY30600002 PM 1553379 ER PT S AU FAVREAU, JP HOGREFE, D KROON, J AF FAVREAU, JP HOGREFE, D KROON, J BE Linn, RJ Uyar, MU TI FORMAL METHODS IN CONFORMANCE TESTING - STATUS AND EXPECTATIONS SO PROTOCOL SPECIFICATION, TESTING AND VERIFICATION, XII SE IFIP TRANSACTIONS C-COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON PROTOCOL SPECIFICATION, TESTING AND VERIFICATION : SUCCESS STORIES IN INDUSTRY CY JUN 22-25, 1992 CL LAKE BUENA VISTA, FL SP INT FEDERAT INFORMAT PROC, AT&T BELL LABS, HEWLETT PACKARD IDACOM CANADA, NIST, TEKELEC RP FAVREAU, JP (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,COMP SYST LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V PI AMSTERDAM PA AMSTERDAM SN 0926-549X BN 0-444-89874-3 J9 IFIP TRANS C PY 1992 VL 8 BP 299 EP 316 PG 18 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BY29N UT WOS:A1992BY29N00020 ER PT S AU LINN, RJ UYAR, MU AF LINN, RJ UYAR, MU BE Linn, RJ Uyar, MU TI PROCEEDINGS OF THE IFIP TC6/WG6 .1. 12TH INTERNATIONAL-SYMPOSIUM ON PROTOCOL SPECIFICATION, TESTING AND VERIFICATION LAKE BUENA-VISTA, FLORIDA, USA, 22-25 JUNE, 1992 - PREFACE SO PROTOCOL SPECIFICATION, TESTING AND VERIFICATION, XII SE IFIP TRANSACTIONS C-COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Editorial Material CT 12TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON PROTOCOL SPECIFICATION, TESTING AND VERIFICATION : SUCCESS STORIES IN INDUSTRY CY JUN 22-25, 1992 CL LAKE BUENA VISTA, FL SP INT FEDERAT INFORMAT PROC, AT&T BELL LABS, HEWLETT PACKARD IDACOM CANADA, NIST, TEKELEC RP LINN, RJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,COMP SYST LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V PI AMSTERDAM PA AMSTERDAM SN 0926-549X BN 0-444-89874-3 J9 IFIP TRANS C PY 1992 VL 8 BP R5 EP R6 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BY29N UT WOS:A1992BY29N00001 ER PT S AU FAVREAU, JP NIGHTINGALE, JS AF FAVREAU, JP NIGHTINGALE, JS BE Kroon, J Heijink, RJ Brinksma, E TI LESSONS FROM THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE UNITED-STATES-GOSIP-TESTING-PROGRAM SO PROTOCOL TEST SYSTEMS, IV SE IFIP TRANSACTIONS C-COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON PROTOCOL TEST SYSTEMS CY OCT 15-17, 1991 CL LEIDSCHENDAM, NETHERLANDS SP INT FEDERAT INFORMAT PROC, PTT RES DE COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS; CONFORMANCE TESTING; INTEROPERABILITY TESTING; OPEN SYSTEMS INTERCONNECTION; UNITED-STATES-GOSIP-TESTING-PROGRAM RP FAVREAU, JP (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,COMP SYST LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V PI AMSTERDAM PA AMSTERDAM SN 0926-549X BN 0-444-89517-5 J9 IFIP TRANS C PY 1992 VL 3 BP 3 EP 15 PG 13 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BX74Q UT WOS:A1992BX74Q00002 ER PT J AU LANG, J BENTLEY, RD BROWN, CM CULHANE, JL DOSCHEK, GA WATANABE, T HIEI, E DESLATTES, RD FLUDRA, A GUTTRIDGE, PR MAGRAW, JE PAYNE, J PIKE, CD TROW, MW AF LANG, J BENTLEY, RD BROWN, CM CULHANE, JL DOSCHEK, GA WATANABE, T HIEI, E DESLATTES, RD FLUDRA, A GUTTRIDGE, PR MAGRAW, JE PAYNE, J PIKE, CD TROW, MW TI THE PERFORMANCE OF THE YOHKOH BRAGG CRYSTAL SPECTROMETER SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Letter DE INSTRUMENTS; DATA PROCESSING; SUN-FLARES; SUN-SPECTRA; SUN-X-RAYS ID SOLAR AB An overview of the Yohkoh Bragg Crystal Spectrometer is given, complemented by details of the laboratory testing prior to launch. The in-orbit performance of the instrument is described. C1 UCL, MULLARD SPACE SCI LAB, HOLMBURY RH5 6NT, ENGLAND. USN, RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. NATL ASTRON OBSERV, MITAKA, TOKYO 181, JAPAN. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, WASHINGTON, DC 20234 USA. RP LANG, J (reprint author), RUTHERFORD APPLETON LAB, DIDCOT OX11 0QX, OXON, ENGLAND. NR 9 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA C/O NATIONAL ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATORY, 2-21-1 OSAWA, MITAKA-SHI, TOKYO, 181-8588, JAPAN SN 0004-6264 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PY 1992 VL 44 IS 5 BP L55 EP L61 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA KB945 UT WOS:A1992KB94500004 ER PT J AU WATANABE, T KOZUKA, Y OHYAMA, M KOJIMA, M YAMAGUCHI, K WATARI, SI TSUNETA, S JOSELYN, JA HARVEY, KL ACTON, LW KLIMCHUK, JA AF WATANABE, T KOZUKA, Y OHYAMA, M KOJIMA, M YAMAGUCHI, K WATARI, SI TSUNETA, S JOSELYN, JA HARVEY, KL ACTON, LW KLIMCHUK, JA TI CORONAL INTERPLANETARY DISTURBANCES ASSOCIATED WITH DISAPPEARING SOLAR FILAMENTS SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Letter DE ERUPTIVE PROMINENCES; SUN-CORONA; SUN-PROMINENCES; SUN-SOLAR WIND; SUN-X-RAYS ID PROMINENCES AB We discuss two examples of coronal/interplanetary disturbances associated with the disappearance of a 35-degrees long quiescent filament occurring near the solar disk center on 1991 September 28 (McAllister et al. 1992, Publ. Astron. Soc. Japan, 44, L205) and with a 25-degrees long eruptive prominence at the eastern solar limb taking place on 1991 November 7. Bright soft X-ray arcades were observed for both cases with the Yohkoh SXT, about 2-3 hr after the onset of each Halpha event. For the erupting prominence on November 7, the arcade did not appear before the prominence reached a height of about 0.3 solar radii above the limb. This suggests that magnetic reconnection occurred below the relevant Halpha structures. A transient coronal hole was formed in the immediate vicinity of the disappearing filament on September 28. Formation of the new coronal hole is suggested to be a cause of the filament disappearance. An interplanetary disturbance was detected by radio scintillation (IPS) observations immediately after the filament disappeared. C1 NATL ASTRON OBSERV,MITAKA,TOKYO 181,JAPAN. HIRAISO SOLAR TERR RES CTR,COMMUN RES LAB,NAKAMINATO,IBARAKI 31112,JAPAN. UNIV TOKYO,INST ASTRON,MITAKA,TOKYO 181,JAPAN. NOAA,SPACE ENVIRONM LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. SOLAR PHYS RES CORP,TUCSON,AZ 85718. LOCKHEED PALO ALTO RES LABS,PALO ALTO,CA 94304. STANFORD UNIV,CTR SPACE SCI & ASTROPHYS,STANFORD,CA 94305. RP WATANABE, T (reprint author), NAGOYA UNIV,SOLAR TERR ENVIRONM LAB,TOYOKAWA,AICHI 442,JAPAN. RI Klimchuk, James/D-1041-2012 OI Klimchuk, James/0000-0003-2255-0305 NR 16 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA C/O NATIONAL ASTRONOM OBSERV MITAKA-SHI, TOKYO 181, JAPAN SN 0004-6264 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PY 1992 VL 44 IS 5 BP L199 EP L204 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA KB945 UT WOS:A1992KB94500027 ER PT J AU LEONIDOV, VY OHARE, PAG AF LEONIDOV, VY OHARE, PAG TI FLUORINE COMBUSTION CALORIMETRY - PROGRESS IN RECENT YEARS AND POSSIBILITIES OF FURTHER DEVELOPMENT SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON CALORIMETRY AND CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS, IN HONOR OF THE CENTENARY OF LUGININ THERMOCHEMICAL LABORATORY OF MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY CY JUN 23-27, 1991 CL MOSCOW, USSR SP INT UNION PURE & APPL CHEM, PHYS CHEM DIV, INT COUNCIL SCI UNIONS, COMM DATA SCI & TECHNOL, ACAD SCI USSR, MOSCOW STATE UNIV ID STANDARD MOLAR ENTHALPY; INORGANIC SULFUR-COMPOUNDS; TEMPERATURE THERMODYNAMIC FUNCTIONS; BOMB CALORIMETRY; BORON-NITRIDE; 298.15-K; THERMOCHEMISTRY; DISULFIDE; TRIFLUORIDE; HEXAFLUORIDE AB The present state of fluorine bomb calorimetry is discussed. A survey and analysis of the results obtained by this method in the past decade are given. Combustion of some substances in fluorine (e.g. dense modifications of BN) is a very difficult task. Questions dealing with the determination of the DELTA(f)H-degrees values of dense modifications of boron nitride are considered. On the basis of the thermochemical data for these compounds a more precise pressure/temperature phase diagram of BN was obtained. Apparatus and procedures permitting measurements of the enthalpies of fluorination reactions with XeF2 (cr) have been developed. This is a new approach to fluorine bomb calorimetry. The problem of the selection of test substances for fluorine combustion calorimetry is discussed. Germanium and boron appear to be the best new candidates for such substances. Ways to further develop fluorine combustion calorimetry are considered. This method is useful especially for determination of the DELTA(f)H-degrees-values of lower fluorides and some refractory compounds having variable compositions (mainly borides, silicides, chalcogenides, and so on). C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP LEONIDOV, VY (reprint author), ACAD SCI USSR,INST HIGH TEMP,IZHORSKAYA ST 13-19,MOSCOW 127412,USSR. NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0033-4545 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 64 IS 1 BP 103 EP 110 DI 10.1351/pac199264010103 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HA243 UT WOS:A1992HA24300013 ER PT J AU CASWELL, RS LEWIS, VE AF CASWELL, RS LEWIS, VE TI NEUTRON MEASUREMENT INTERCOMPARISONS SPONSORED BY CCEMRI-ASTERISK, SECTION-III (NEUTRON MEASUREMENTS) SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7TH SYMP ON NEUTRON DOSIMETRY CY OCT 14-18, 1991 CL BERLIN, GERMANY SP COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, PHYS TECHN BUNDESANSTALT, US DOE, OFF HLTH & ENVIRONM RES, FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM UMWELT & GESUNDHEIT, HELMHOLTZ FONDS AB A large number of neutron measurement comparisons has been carried out under the sponsorship of Section III (Neutron Measurements) of the Consultative Committee for Measurement Standards of Ionizing Radiations (CCEMRI) since Section III became active in 1961. These have included a series of comparisons of radionuclide neutron source emission rate, neutron fluence, and neutron dose measurements with the participation of laboratories worldwide. This paper discusses these comparisons and what has been learned from them. Future plans of Section III and neutron measurement services available from BIPM to national laboratories are also given. RP CASWELL, RS (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN23 1YW SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 1992 VL 44 IS 1-4 BP 105 EP 110 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA KA445 UT WOS:A1992KA44500023 ER PT J AU EISENHAUER, C AF EISENHAUER, C TI 2-COMPONENT ANALYTICAL MODEL TO CALCULATE ROOM-RETURN CORRECTION FOR CALIBRATION OF NEUTRON INSTRUMENTS SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article AB A two-component analytical model is proposed to estimate room-return contributions in a calibration room. Results of the analytical model compare favourably with Monte Carlo calculations for the NIST calibration room. The model also predicts corrections to rem meter readings as a function of source-detector distance in four different calibration rooms to within about 15%. An expansion of the analytical expression in powers of the square of the source-detector distance suggests a form for analysis of measured data. When measured data are fitted to this form the calibration factor can be obtained to within an accuracy of about 2%. RP EISENHAUER, C (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DEPT COMMERCE,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN23 1YW SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 1992 VL 42 IS 4 BP 267 EP 277 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA KD684 UT WOS:A1992KD68400002 ER PT S AU SALOMAN, EB AF SALOMAN, EB BE Miller, CM Parks, JE TI STATUS-REPORT ON THE NATIONAL-INSTITUTE-OF-STANDARDS-AND-TECHNOLOGY RESONANCE IONIZATION SPECTROSCOPY RESONANCE IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY DATA SERVICE SO RESONANCE IONIZATION SPECTROSCOPY 1992 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON RESONANCE IONIZATION SPECTROSCOPY AND ITS APPLICATIONS CY MAY 24-29, 1992 CL SANTA FE, NM SP US DOE, ATOM SCI, COHERENT, CONTINUUM, KRATOS ANAL, LUMONICS, SPECTRA PHYS LASERS, UNIV TENNESSEE, LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB RP SALOMAN, EB (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTRON & OPT PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA BRISTOL SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0230-5 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1992 VL 128 BP 67 EP 70 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BZ19N UT WOS:A1992BZ19N00015 ER PT S AU XIONG, X HUTCHINSON, JMR FASSETT, J FAIRBANK, WM AF XIONG, X HUTCHINSON, JMR FASSETT, J FAIRBANK, WM BE Miller, CM Parks, JE TI MEASUREMENT OF THE ODD-EVEN EFFECT IN THE RESONANCE IONIZATION OF TIN AS A FUNCTION OF LASER INTENSITY SO RESONANCE IONIZATION SPECTROSCOPY 1992 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON RESONANCE IONIZATION SPECTROSCOPY AND ITS APPLICATIONS CY MAY 24-29, 1992 CL SANTA FE, NM SP US DOE, ATOM SCI, COHERENT, CONTINUUM, KRATOS ANAL, LUMONICS, SPECTRA PHYS LASERS, UNIV TENNESSEE, LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB RP XIONG, X (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA BRISTOL SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0230-5 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1992 VL 128 BP 123 EP 126 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BZ19N UT WOS:A1992BZ19N00027 ER PT S AU TURK, GC AF TURK, GC BE Miller, CM Parks, JE TI SPATIALLY SELECTIVE DETECTION OF ANOMALOUS CONTRIBUTIONS TO LASER-ENHANCED IONIZATION IN FLAMES SO RESONANCE IONIZATION SPECTROSCOPY 1992 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON RESONANCE IONIZATION SPECTROSCOPY AND ITS APPLICATIONS CY MAY 24-29, 1992 CL SANTA FE, NM SP US DOE, ATOM SCI, COHERENT, CONTINUUM, KRATOS ANAL, LUMONICS, SPECTRA PHYS LASERS, UNIV TENNESSEE, LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB RP TURK, GC (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA BRISTOL SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0230-5 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1992 VL 128 BP 157 EP 160 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BZ19N UT WOS:A1992BZ19N00035 ER PT J AU KARLIN, BA COWAN, PL WOICIK, JC AF KARLIN, BA COWAN, PL WOICIK, JC TI X-RAY, SOFT-X-RAY, AND VUV BEAM POSITION MONITOR SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION CY JUL 15-19, 1991 CL CHESTER, ENGLAND SP SCI & ENGN RES COUNCIL, EUROPEAN ECON COMMUNITY, EUROPEAN SYNCHROTRON RADIAT FACIL, EUROPEAN SYNCHROTRON RADIAT SOC, NETHERLANDS ORG SCI RES, DARESBURY RES SERV, ICI, OXFORD INSTRUMENTS, RANK XEROX, CARL ZEISS ID SYNCHROTRON RADIATION BEAMLINE; HIGH-ENERGY-RESOLUTION; PHOTOELECTRON; DETECTORS AB An x-ray beam position monitor has been developed and is currently operational at the NIST beam line X-24A of the National Synchrotron Light Source. It was developed to accurately measure the vertical position of the synchrotron beam and to allow precise positioning of beam line optics. It is an area-type monitor positioned 5.6 m from the tangent point and precedes all beam line instrumentation. Vertical beam position is given by the differential photoemission current from two grids mounted on a Macor frame. The monitor also senses the total photon beam flux. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP KARLIN, BA (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,NATL SYNCHROTRON LIGHT SOURCE,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 63 IS 1 BP 526 EP 529 DI 10.1063/1.1142696 PN 2A PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA GZ627 UT WOS:A1992GZ62700059 ER PT J AU BRENNAN, S COWAN, PL AF BRENNAN, S COWAN, PL TI A SUITE OF PROGRAMS FOR CALCULATING X-RAY ABSORPTION, REFLECTION, AND DIFFRACTION PERFORMANCE FOR A VARIETY OF MATERIALS AT ARBITRARY WAVELENGTHS SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION CY JUL 15-19, 1991 CL CHESTER, ENGLAND SP SCI & ENGN RES COUNCIL, EUROPEAN ECON COMMUNITY, EUROPEAN SYNCHROTRON RADIAT FACIL, EUROPEAN SYNCHROTRON RADIAT SOC, NETHERLANDS ORG SCI RES, DARESBURY RES SERV, ICI, OXFORD INSTRUMENTS, RANK XEROX, CARL ZEISS AB One of the most useful characteristics of synchrotron radiation is the wide spectral distribution of the source. For applications involving tuned monochromatic beams it is often helpful to predict the x-ray optical characteristics of a sample or the beam line optics at a particular wavelength. In contrast to this desire stands the fact that tabulated values for the optical parameters of interest are generally available only at wavelengths corresponding to typical x-ray tube sources. We have developed a suite of FORTRAN programs which calculate photoabsorption cross sections and atomic scattering factors for materials of arbitrary, uniform composition or for arbitrary layered materials. Further, the suite includes programs for calculation of x-ray diffraction or reflection from such materials. These programs are of use for experimental planning, data analysis, and predictions of performance of beam line optical elements. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP BRENNAN, S (reprint author), STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB,STANFORD,CA 94309, USA. NR 13 TC 189 Z9 191 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 63 IS 1 BP 850 EP 853 DI 10.1063/1.1142625 PN 2A PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA GZ627 UT WOS:A1992GZ62700141 ER PT J AU DESLATTES, RD AF DESLATTES, RD TI X-RAY INSTRUMENTATION FOR ANALYSIS OF FLUORESCENT AND SCATTERED RADIATION SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION CY JUL 15-19, 1991 CL CHESTER, ENGLAND ID SYNCHROTRON RADIATION; CURVED-CRYSTAL; MONOCHROMATOR; SPECTROMETER; RESOLUTION; BEAMLINE; SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFRACTION; PERFORMANCE; DIAGNOSTICS AB Application of high resolution instrumentation to the study of the near-threshold behavior of fluorescent and scattered radiation along with such properties as polarization and angular distribution has proven fertile. This article reviews some alternative strategies for improving the efficiency with which such secondary spectra can be registered. RP DESLATTES, RD (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 63 IS 1 BP 1128 EP 1133 DI 10.1063/1.1143113 PN 2B PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA GZ943 UT WOS:A1992GZ94300064 ER PT J AU HASHIZUME, H SUGIYAMA, M NIWA, T SAKATA, O COWAN, PL AF HASHIZUME, H SUGIYAMA, M NIWA, T SAKATA, O COWAN, PL TI BACKREFLECTION X-RAY STANDING WAVES AND CRYSTAL TRUNCATION RODS AS STRUCTURE PROBE FOR EPILAYER SUBSTRATE SYSTEMS SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION CY JUL 15-19, 1991 CL CHESTER, ENGLAND ID INTERFACE; SCATTERING; SURFACES; DIFFRACTION; PROFILES; FILMS AB Backreflection x-ray standing waves (BRXSW) and crystal truncation rod (CTR) scatterings have been used to probe the structure of heteroepitaxial CaSrF2 crystals on GaAs(111)B substrate. Coupled with the film-thickness information obtained from x-ray Fresnel reflectivity data, the combined x-ray standing wave and BRXSW data suggest one or both of the F and As layers missing from the heteroepitaxial interface. The CTR data support a missing F layer and interface (Ca, Sr) atoms occupying the T sites on GaAs(111) surface. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV QUANTUM METROL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP HASHIZUME, H (reprint author), TOKYO INST TECHNOL,ENGN MAT RES LAB,YOKOHAMA,KANAGAWA 227,JAPAN. RI SAKATA, Osami/H-2621-2011 NR 21 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 63 IS 1 BP 1142 EP 1146 DI 10.1063/1.1143115 PN 2B PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA GZ943 UT WOS:A1992GZ94300067 ER PT J AU MADDEN, RP CANFIELD, R FURST, M HAMILTON, A HUGHEY, L AF MADDEN, RP CANFIELD, R FURST, M HAMILTON, A HUGHEY, L TI SURF-II - CHARACTERISTICS, FACILITIES, AND PLANS SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION CY JUL 15-19, 1991 CL CHESTER, ENGLAND AB This facility report describes the Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility (SURF II) operated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland. SURF II is a 300-MeV electron storage ring which provides well characterized continuum radiation from the far infrared to the soft x-ray region with the critical wavelength at 17.4 nm. Brief descriptions are given of the user facilities, the characteristics of the synchrotron radiation, the main storage ring, the injector system and each of the operating beam lines, and associated instruments. Further description is given of expansion plans for additional beam lines. RP MADDEN, RP (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 63 IS 1 BP 1594 EP 1595 DI 10.1063/1.1142986 PN 2B PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA GZ943 UT WOS:A1992GZ94300187 ER PT J AU PETERSON, WT HUTCHINGS, L HUGGETT, JA LARGIER, JL AF PETERSON, WT HUTCHINGS, L HUGGETT, JA LARGIER, JL TI ANCHOVY SPAWNING IN RELATION TO THE BIOMASS AND THE REPLENISHMENT RATE OF THEIR COPEPOD PREY ON THE WESTERN AGULHAS BANK SO SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE-SUID-AFRIKAANSE TYDSKRIF VIR SEEWETENSKAP LA English DT Article AB Anchovy biomass and copepod standing stocks and growth rates on the Agulhas Bank were compared during the peak spawning period (November) in 1988 and 1989. In 1988, copepod biomass over the western Agulhas Bank was low (1,0 g dry mass.m-2) relative to anchovy biomass there (14,7 g dry mass.m-2). In November 1989 in the same area, fish biomass was much lower (5,7 g dry mass.m-2), following a recruitment failure, and copepod biomass was higher (2,4 g dry mass.m-2), possibly as a result of lesser predation by anchovy. By contrast, the eastern Agulhas Bank had a larger biomass of copepods (4-6 g dry mass.m-2) and a lower biomass of anchovy during both years. Knowing, from laboratory studies, that a prey biomass of 0.78 g.m-2 is required for fish to obtain their daily maintenance ration, it is suggested that spawning on the western Agulhas Bank was food-limited in 1988. Copepods on the western Bank may be replaced by local growth or transport from the eastern Bank Growth rates of copepods on the western Bank were 10-50 per cent of maximum in 1988, but total production (c. 100 mg dry mass.m-2.day-1) was low, primarily because biomass was low and less than the rate of consumption by anchovy (243 mg copepod dry mass.m-2.day-1). On the eastern Bank, copepod production exceeded anchovy consumption and it is concluded that the flux of copepod biomass onto the western Bank may be as important as local growth in replenishing copepod stocks there. Feeding conditions for anchovy on the western Agulhas Bank are often marginal compared to the situation on the eastern Bank, and it is suggested that the selection of the western Bank as the major spawning area is related more to the success of transport and survival of eggs and larvae on the West Coast recruiting grounds than to feeding conditions per se. RP PETERSON, WT (reprint author), NOAA,CTR OCEAN ANAL & PREDICT,2560 GARDEN RD,SUITE 101,MONTEREY,CA 93940, USA. NR 0 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 2 PU SEA FISHERIES RESEARCH INST DEPT ENVIRONMENT AFFAIRS PI CAPE TOWN PA PRIVATE BAG X2 ROGGE BAY 8012, CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA SN 0257-7615 J9 S AFR J MARINE SCI JI South Afr. J. Mar. Sci.-Suid-Afr. Tydsk. Seewetens. PY 1992 VL 12 BP 487 EP 500 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA KX119 UT WOS:A1992KX11900035 ER PT S AU SEILER, DG LITTLER, CL WEILER, MH AF SEILER, DG LITTLER, CL WEILER, MH BE Seiler, DG Littler, CL TI ONE-PHOTON AND 2-PHOTON MAGNETOOPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY OF INSB AND HG1-XCDXTE SO SPECTROSCOPY OF SEMICONDUCTORS SE Semiconductors and Semimetals LA English DT Review ID MINORITY-CARRIER LIFETIME; 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION TECHNIQUES; METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; NARROW-GAP SEMICONDUCTORS; P-TYPE HG1-XCDXTE; ENERGY-BAND PARAMETERS; N-TYPE CDXHG1-XTE; ZINCBLENDE SEMICONDUCTORS; INDIUM-ANTIMONIDE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE C1 UNIV N TEXAS, DEPT PHYS, DENTON, TX 76203 USA. LORAL INFRARED & IMAGING SYST INC, LEXINGTON, MA USA. RP SEILER, DG (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV SEMICOND ELECTR, MAT TECHNOL GRP, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 350 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0080-8784 BN 0-12-752136-4 J9 SEMICONDUCT SEMIMET JI Semicond. Sdemimet. PY 1992 VL 36 BP 293 EP 427 DI 10.1016/S0080-8784(08)62902-6 PG 135 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BZ72V UT WOS:A1992BZ72V00005 ER PT B AU PALLETT, DS DAHLGREN, NL FISCUS, JG FISHER, WM GAROFOLO, JS TJADEN, BC AF PALLETT, DS DAHLGREN, NL FISCUS, JG FISHER, WM GAROFOLO, JS TJADEN, BC GP DEF ADV RES PROJECTS AGCY TI DARPA FEBRUARY 1992 ATIS BENCHMARK TEST-RESULTS SO SPEECH AND NATURAL LANGUAGE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT DARPA Speech and Natural Language Workshop CY FEB 23-26, 1992 CL HARRIMAN, NY SP DEF ADV RES PROJECTS AGCY, SOFTWARE & INTELLIGENT SYST TECHNOL OFF C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MORGAN KAUFMANN PUB INC PI SAN MATEO PA 2929 CAMPUS DRIVE, SAN MATEO, CA 94403 BN 1-55860-272-0 PY 1992 BP 15 EP 27 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BA93C UT WOS:A1992BA93C00002 ER PT B AU PALLETT, DS AF PALLETT, DS GP DEF ADV RES PROJECTS AGCY TI DARPA FEBRUARY 1992 PILOT CORPUS CSR DRY RUN BENCHMARK TEST-RESULTS SO SPEECH AND NATURAL LANGUAGE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT DARPA Speech and Natural Language Workshop CY FEB 23-26, 1992 CL HARRIMAN, NY SP DEF ADV RES PROJECTS AGCY, SOFTWARE & INTELLIGENT SYST TECHNOL OFF C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MORGAN KAUFMANN PUB INC PI SAN MATEO PA 2929 CAMPUS DRIVE, SAN MATEO, CA 94403 BN 1-55860-272-0 PY 1992 BP 382 EP 386 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BA93C UT WOS:A1992BA93C00063 ER PT J AU LIU, PC AF LIU, PC BE Kuo, JT Lin, GF TI CHAOTIC DYNAMICS AND OCEAN WAVE STATISTICS SO STOCHASTIC HYDRAULICS '92 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th IAHR International Symposium on Stochastic Hydraulics CY MAY 18-20, 1992 CL TAIPEI, TAIWAN SP INT ASSOC HYDRAUL RES, COMM PROBABILIST METHODS HYDRAUL, NATL TAIWAN UNIV, DEPT CIVIL ENGN, CHINESE INST CIVIL & HYDRAUL ENGN, NATL TAIWAN UNIV, DEPT AGR ENGN, NATL TAIWAN UNIV, HYDRAUL RES LAB, AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, JAPAN SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, KOREAN SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS C1 NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATIONAL TAIWAN UNIVERSITY PI TAIPEI PA DEPT CIVIL ENGINEERING, TAIPEI 10617, TAIWAN PY 1992 BP 345 EP 352 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BA50K UT WOS:A1992BA50K00039 ER PT J AU SZYMONSKI, M PORADZISZ, A CZUBA, P KOLODZIEJ, J PIATKOWSKI, P FINE, J TANOVIC, L TANOVIC, N AF SZYMONSKI, M PORADZISZ, A CZUBA, P KOLODZIEJ, J PIATKOWSKI, P FINE, J TANOVIC, L TANOVIC, N TI ELECTRON-STIMULATED DESORPTION OF NEUTRAL SPECIES FROM (100) KCL SURFACES SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON; ALKALI-HALIDES; DIRECTIONAL EMISSION; DEFECT FORMATION; AUGER-ELECTRON; HALOGEN ATOMS; SPECTROSCOPY; SCATTERING; CRYSTALS AB Composition changes of a (100) KCl surface bombarded by 1 keV electrons have been studied by Auger electron spectroscopy. Intensity ratios of characteristic alkali and halogen Auger lines were monitored as a function of target temperature and beam current density. In addition, for the first time angle-resolved energy distributions of electron desorbed K and Cl atoms were measured using mass-analyzed time of flight techniques. For temperatures higher than about 100-degrees-C, a near-stoichiometric surface composition was obtained and a significant non-thermal component was observed in the kinetic energy distributions of Cl atoms emitted normal to the (100) surface. These results can be interpreted in terms of new concepts regarding the excitonic mechanism of electron stimulated desorption (ESD). C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV SURFACE & MICROANAL SCI,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP SZYMONSKI, M (reprint author), JAGELLONIAN UNIV,INST PHYS,UL REYMONTA 4,PL-30549 KRAKOW,POLAND. NR 33 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 260 IS 1-3 BP 295 EP 303 DI 10.1016/0039-6028(92)90044-7 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA HB017 UT WOS:A1992HB01700039 ER PT J AU OVERLAND, JE DAVIDSON, KL AF OVERLAND, JE DAVIDSON, KL TI GEOSTROPHIC DRAG COEFFICIENTS OVER SEA ICE SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article AB The geostrophic drag coefficient, C(g) = u*/G, and turning angle, alpha, were measured October through November 1988 from a 120 km array of 6 drifting buoys and a drifting ship in the northern Barents Sea/Arctic Ocean during CEAREX; u* is the friction velocity, G is the geostrophic wind, and alpha is the angle between surface stress and G -->. The median Cg was 0.029 with hinge values (quartiles) of 0.023 and 0.034 and the median-alpha was 25-degrees with hinge values of 15-degrees and 32-degrees. The median values are representative for the non-summer Arctic away from marginal seas and marginal ice zones. Surface air temperature, cloud amount, and the lapse rate above the inversion base were not good predictors of the influence of boundary layer stability on Cg. The geostrophic drag coefficient was most sensitive to the temperature difference across the boundary layer from the surface to the top of the inversion. A first order correction to account for airmass stability is Cg = 0.037 - 8.3 x 10(-3) (N900/N900BAR)4, alpha = 11.7 + 13.1 (N900/N900BAR)2. This stability correction represents a 17% improvement over using a constant drag value, based on reduction of variance with the CEAREX data set. The formula uses an external stability parameter, N900(2), proportional to the difference between the potential temperature measured at 900 mb, theta-900, which is representative of the temperature at the top of the arctic inversion, and at the surface, theta(s): N900(2) = (g/theta-BAR) DELTA-theta/h900, DELTA-theta = theta-900 - theta(s), theta-BAR = (theta-900 + theta(s)/2, h900 = 67.4-theta-BAR log10(P(s)/900),N900BAR = 0.024 s-1, P(s) is surface pressure and is gravity. Theta-900 can be obtained from atmospheric models or satellite-derived temperature soundings. Formulas are also developed based on the standard level of 850 mb; the reduction in variance is less, 11%, because this level is sometimes above the top of the arctic inversion. We reason that because most of the boundary layer above the surface layer is near a critical Richardson number, the total amount of shear that can be maintained in the boundary layer, and thus the reduction in Cg, is given by the external temperature difference rather than the detailed internal structure of stratification and shear. Corrections are also proposed for change in surface roughness. Although the thermal wind was estimated from the buoy array and is important for case studies, it did not provide significant improvement in reducing the variability in the geostrophic drag measurements. RP OVERLAND, JE (reprint author), NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 0 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 3 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0280-6495 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 44A IS 1 BP 54 EP 66 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0870.1992.t01-5-00006.x PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA HB312 UT WOS:A1992HB31200006 ER PT B AU FONG, JT BERNSTEIN, B AF FONG, JT BERNSTEIN, B BE Moldenaers, P Keunings, R TI THERMODYNAMICS OF BKZ FLUIDS ALLOWING OTHER PROCESSES SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED RHEOLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON RHEOLOGY CY AUG 17-21, 1992 CL BRUSSELS, BELGIUM SP INT COMM RHEOL, COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, BELGIAN NATL SCI FDN, AGFA GEVAERT, BASF, CARRI MED, DOW BENELUX, ELSEVIER SCI PUBL, POLYFLOW, RHEOMETRICS C1 NIST, DIV APPL & COMP MATH, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-89007-6 PY 1992 BP 1020 EP 1020 PG 1 WC Engineering, Chemical; Mechanics; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Mechanics; Polymer Science GA BX29S UT WOS:A1992BX29S00458 ER PT J AU PRAGER, MH HOENIG, JM AF PRAGER, MH HOENIG, JM TI CAN WE DETERMINE THE SIGNIFICANCE OF KEY-EVENT EFFECTS ON A RECRUITMENT TIME-SERIES - A POWER STUDY OF SUPERPOSED EPOCH ANALYSIS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SCOMBER-JAPONICUS; PACIFIC MACKEREL AB A persistent question in fishery research is whether extreme environmental events, such as climatic perturbations or discharges of toxic substances, influence recruitment. Superposed epoch analysis has been proposed as a statistical test to address such questions. In a superposed epoch analysis of recruitment, a test statistic is computed from the differences between recruitments in years with extreme environmental events ("key years") and recruitments in immediately surrounding years; the significance of the test statistic can be determined either parametrically or nonparametrically. Here we examine the power of two parametric and four nonparametric test statistics to detect, in a variety of simulated data sets analyzed by the superposed epoch method, associations between key events and unusual values of recruitment. The statistical significance of the nonparametric test statistics is determined by randomization, the significance of the parametric statistics by consulting tabled distributions. Under the simulated conditions, we observed essentially no loss of statistical power when conducting the superposed epoch analysis with a randomization test when the parametric approach was also appropriate. However, in situations when parametric testing was not appropriate, the randomization test was often much more powerful than a parametric test. We also evaluated the statistical power of superposed epoch analyses conducted with test statistics in which recruitment data from each key year were compared in a paired fashion to data from the surrounding years. For data with strong trend or a high degree of autocorrelation, such paired test statistics outperformed the corresponding unpaired statistics; otherwise, the unpaired statistics tended to be more powerful. In testing simulated conditions patterned after the population of chub mackerel Scomber japonicus off southern California, we estimated the power of the proposed randomization test as approximately 0.35 to 0.50. C1 FISHERIES & OCEANS CANADA,SCI BRANCH,ST JOHNS A1C 5X1,NEWFOUNDLAND,CANADA. RP PRAGER, MH (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES SCI CTR,75 VIRGINIA BEACH DR,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 121 IS 1 BP 123 EP 131 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1992)121<0123:CWDTSO>2.3.CO;2 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA HR399 UT WOS:A1992HR39900012 ER PT J AU HU, ZS HSU, SM WANG, PS AF HU, ZS HSU, SM WANG, PS TI TRIBOCHEMICAL AND THERMOCHEMICAL REACTIONS OF STEARIC-ACID ON COPPER SURFACES STUDIED BY INFRARED MICROSPECTROSCOPY SO TRIBOLOGY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOC OF TRIBOLOGISTS AND LUBRICATION ENGINEERS CY APR 29-MAY 02, 1991 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP SOC TRIBOLOGISTS & LUBRICAT ENGINEERS DE IR MICROSPECTROSCOPY; TRIBOCHEMICAL REACTION; COPPER SURFACE; STEARIC ACID ID BOUNDARY LUBRICATION; EVAPORATED SILVER; MONOLAYERS; SPECTRA; FILMS AB The tribochemistry of copper with stearic acid was studied using a pin-on-disc wear tester under boundary lubrication conditions. Wear, as measured by surface profilometry, indicated that stearic acid was able to reduce the wear fourfold. Surface analysis by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy revealed that cupric stearate was formed during the rubbing process by tribochemical reactions. The reaction product was confirmed by model compounds and was also found to be comparable with those from the static thermal experiments of stearic acid on copper surface at 140-degrees-C-160-degrees-C. The affinity between the chemisorbed stearic acid and bidentate copper stearate complex is believed to be responsible for the formation of a protective film on the copper surfaces to reduce the wear from further propagation. RP HU, ZS (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD, USA. NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC TRIBOLOGISTS & LUBRICATION ENGINEERS PI PARK RIDGE PA 838 BUSSE HIGHWAY, PARK RIDGE, IL 60068 SN 0569-8197 J9 TRIBOL T JI Tribol. Trans. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 35 IS 1 BP 189 EP 193 DI 10.1080/10402009208982108 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA GY829 UT WOS:A1992GY82900027 ER PT J AU BLAKE, RJ BOND, LJ AF BLAKE, RJ BOND, LJ TI RAYLEIGH-WAVE SCATTERING FROM SURFACE-FEATURES - UP-STEPS AND TROUGHS SO ULTRASONICS LA English DT Article DE RAYLEIGH WAVES; NUMERICAL MODELS; STEPS; SLOTS; NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING ID FINITE-DIFFERENCE ANALYSIS; EDGE CRACK; BREAKING CRACK; HALF-SPACE; TRANSMISSION; DIFFRACTION AB The development of a method of sizing surface defects based on Rayleigh waves has been hampered by the lack of a theory to describe the scattering problem. In an earlier paper1 we described a new mixed finite element/finite difference model, which provides accurate and stable numerical solutions for faceted scattering geometries. This paper presents details of the interaction of Rayleigh waves with angled up-steps which, combined with our earlier discussion of angled down-steps, provides new insights into the scattering of pulsed surface waves from faceted troughs. Numerical visualizations, seismograms and spectral Rayleigh wave scattering coefficients provide a detailed description of the scattering process. The implications of the results for a non-destructive testing method for surface feature characterization are discussed. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. UNIV COLORADO, DEPT MECH ENGN, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP SERC, DARESBURY LAB, KECKWICK LANE, WARRINGTON WA4 4AD, CHESHIRE, ENGLAND. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0041-624X EI 1874-9968 J9 ULTRASONICS JI Ultrasonics PY 1992 VL 30 IS 4 BP 255 EP 265 DI 10.1016/0041-624X(92)90085-Z PG 11 WC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA JB964 UT WOS:A1992JB96400008 ER PT J AU ZHU, H BOND, LJ ALBACH, PH AF ZHU, H BOND, LJ ALBACH, PH TI EXPERIMENTAL EXAMINATION OF MODE CONVERSION AT HEMISPHERICAL SURFACE INDENTATIONS SO ULTRASONICS LA English DT Article DE RAYLEIGH WAVES; COMPRESSION WAVES; MODE CONVERSION; SURFACE PITS; NDT; SEISMOLOGY ID ELASTIC-WAVES AB The mode conversion of compression to Rayleigh waves at hemispherical surface pits is investigated experimentally. Measurements are made in the 1 to 5 MHz frequency range on two features with diameters of 1.6 and 3.2 mm, where this combination of feature size (d) and wavelength (lambda) corresponds to the d/lambda-ratio range of 0.25 to 2.5. Experimental data have been gathered and compared with the available numerical data, and the results are in general agreement. The improved understanding of the energy flow in compression-to-Rayleigh wave mode conversion at pits should lead to a better understanding of corrosion characterization measurements using ultrasonic loss of back wall echo techniques and also result in improved pit characterization schemes. The data presented in this paper are also of potential interest in earthquake engineering and seismology and should provide test data for future numerical model studies. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT MECH ENGN,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV LONDON UNIV COLL,DEPT MECH ENGN,LONDON WC1E 7JE,ENGLAND. RP ZHU, H (reprint author), HUAZHONG UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT MECH,WUHAN 430074,PEOPLES R CHINA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0041-624X J9 ULTRASONICS JI Ultrasonics PY 1992 VL 30 IS 5 BP 301 EP 310 DI 10.1016/0041-624X(92)90004-6 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA JK973 UT WOS:A1992JK97300004 ER PT J AU MAY, JC RAINS, TC YU, LJ ETZ, NM AF MAY, JC RAINS, TC YU, LJ ETZ, NM TI ALUMINUM CONTENT OF SOURCE PLASMA AND SODIUM-CITRATE ANTICOAGULANT SO VOX SANGUINIS LA English DT Article ID ALBUMIN-REPLACEMENT SOLUTIONS; TOTAL PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; CONTAMINATION; BLOOD; CHEMISTRY; PRODUCTS; DISEASE AB The concentration of aluminum was determined in samples of source plasma collected by the normal plasmapheresis procedure, which involves collection in anticoagulant and immediate freezing. Samples of sodium citrate anticoagulant used in the collection of source plasma were also tested for aluminum, as were empty source plasma containers and 0.9% sodium chloride infusion (USP). Samples of source plasma were collected from a geographic cross-section of the donor population in the USA by three different manufacturers. Aliquots of these samples were mixed with Triton X-100 and sulfuric acid and analyzed for aluminum by atomic absorption spectrometry using electrothermal atomization (graphite furnace) and Zeeman background correction. The arithmetic mean and standard deviation for the aluminum content of 28 samples of source plasma were found to be 25.5 +/- 8.4 ng Al/ml. The aluminum content of the individual samples of source plasma ranged from 12 to 48 ng Al/ml. The aluminum content of 6 samples from two manufacturers of the sodium citrate anticoagulant that is used in source plasma ranged from 410 to 2,080 ng/ml. Aluminum levels found in saline for infusion and nitric acid leachates from empty source plasma containers were less than 6.9 ng/ml. The level of aluminum expected in uncontaminated human blood has been estimated to be 10 ng Al/ml or less. Comparison of this figure with the present data indicates that the sodium citrate anticoagulant contributes significantly to the aluminum load of source plasma and, therefore, to the aluminum content of products such as albumin derived from source plasma. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD. RP MAY, JC (reprint author), US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,8800 ROCKVILLE PIKE,BETHESDA,MD 20014, USA. RI Yu, Lee/N-7263-2015 OI Yu, Lee/0000-0002-8043-6853 NR 25 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9007 J9 VOX SANG JI Vox Sang. PY 1992 VL 62 IS 2 BP 65 EP 69 PG 5 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA HN815 UT WOS:A1992HN81500001 PM 1519369 ER PT J AU CROLEY, TE AF CROLEY, TE TI LONG-TERM HEAT-STORAGE IN THE GREAT-LAKES SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MODELS AB Practical estimation of long-term daily Great Lakes evaporation requires one-dimensional (depth) models of heat storage and mixing. Conceptual models are preferable to physical models for small-computer simulations that are multiple, continuous, and long. This paper describes a new conceptual superposition model of heat storage to extend an existing evaporation model along the lake depth. The resulting daily model is recalibrated to remotely sensed surface water temperatures and is used to illustrate anew seasonal heating and cooling cycles, heat-temperature hysteresis, water column turnovers, and mixed-layer developments. It is used as well to compare the vertical distribution of temperatures with independent bathythermograph data. The time occurrence structure of evaporation on the Great Lakes is investigated, and the effects of summertime initial conditions on subsequent wintertime behavior of evaporation are simulated. Impacts of perceived large-lake thermodynamic behavior are analyzed, and suggestions are made for further research. RP CROLEY, TE (reprint author), US DEPT COMMERCE,NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LABS,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. NR 22 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 28 IS 1 BP 69 EP 81 DI 10.1029/91WR02500 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA GY772 UT WOS:A1992GY77200007 ER PT J AU VEZA, D SANSONETTI, CJ AF VEZA, D SANSONETTI, CJ TI IONIZATION OF LITHIUM VAPOR BY CW QUASI-RESONANT LASER-LIGHT SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIK D-ATOMS MOLECULES AND CLUSTERS LA English DT Article ID SODIUM VAPOR; BAND SYSTEM; CS VAPOR; STATES; EXCITATION; COLLISIONS; PLASMA; SPECTROSCOPY AB We report measurements of the excitation and ionization of dense lithium vapor irradiated by CW dye laser light scanning the 2(2)P-3(2)D lithium atomic transition at 610.3 nm. Lithium vapor with a density of 8 x 10(16) cm-3 was ionized by a focused beam with as little as 1 mW of single-frequency laser power. The ionization mechanism has been studied and found to consist of a three stage process in which both atomic and molecular absorption of the laser power, two distinct collisional processes, and single-photon ionization of excited lithium atoms all play essential roles. C1 UNIV ZAGREB,INST PHYS,YU-41001 ZAGREB,YUGOSLAVIA. RP VEZA, D (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0178-7683 J9 Z PHYS D ATOM MOL CL JI Z. Phys. D-Atoms Mol. Clusters PD JAN PY 1992 VL 22 IS 2 BP 463 EP 470 PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA GY771 UT WOS:A1992GY77100004 ER PT J AU LORENTZ, SR SCHOLTEN, RE MCCLELLAND, JJ KELLEY, MH CELOTTA, RJ AF LORENTZ, SR SCHOLTEN, RE MCCLELLAND, JJ KELLEY, MH CELOTTA, RJ TI SPIN-RESOLVED ELASTIC-SCATTERING OF ELECTRONS FROM SODIUM BELOW THE INELASTIC THRESHOLD SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LOW-ENERGY ELECTRONS; EXCHANGE; ATOMS AB A very stringent test of low-energy electron-atom collision theory is made in the most favorable energy regime for the close-coupling approximation. Data are presented as exchange asymmetries in angle-resolved elastic scattering of spin-polarized electrons from spin-polarized sodium atoms. Data are reported for two incident energies, 1.0 and 1.6 eV, both of which are below the first excited-state threshold. The angular range is 20-degrees-142.5-degrees. The close-coupling approximation is found to give excellent agreement with experiment at both energies. RP LORENTZ, SR (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTR & OPT PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Scholten, Robert/A-8586-2013; McClelland, Jabez/A-2358-2015 OI Scholten, Robert/0000-0002-2337-8036; McClelland, Jabez/0000-0001-5672-5965 NR 11 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 30 PY 1991 VL 67 IS 27 BP 3761 EP 3763 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.67.3761 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA GX161 UT WOS:A1991GX16100008 ER PT J AU NEUMANN, DA COPLEY, JRD CAPPELLETTI, RL KAMITAKAHARA, WA LINDSTROM, RM CREEGAN, KM COX, DM ROMANOW, WJ COUSTEL, N MCCAULEY, JP MALISZEWSKYJ, NC FISCHER, JE SMITH, AB AF NEUMANN, DA COPLEY, JRD CAPPELLETTI, RL KAMITAKAHARA, WA LINDSTROM, RM CREEGAN, KM COX, DM ROMANOW, WJ COUSTEL, N MCCAULEY, JP MALISZEWSKYJ, NC FISCHER, JE SMITH, AB TI COHERENT QUASI-ELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING STUDY OF THE ROTATIONAL-DYNAMICS OF C60 IN THE ORIENTATIONALLY DISORDERED PHASE SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Coherent quasielastic neutron scattering has been used to investigate the character of the rotational dynamics in the high-temperature solid phase of C60. The observed scattering can be described by a model in which each molecule undergoes rotational diffusion which is uncorrelated with the motions of adjacent molecules. The rotational diffusion constant D(R) is (1.4 +/- 0.4) x 10(10) s-1 at 260 K and (2.8 +/- 0.8) x 10(10) s-1 at 520 K. The temperature dependence of D(R) is consistent with a thermally activated process having an activation energy of 35 +/- 15 meV. C1 OHIO UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,ATHENS,OH 45701. OHIO UNIV,CONDENSED MATTER & SURFACE SCI PROGRAM,ATHENS,OH 45701. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT PHYS,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. UNIV PENN,RES STRUCT MATTER LAB,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. UNIV PENN,DEPT MAT SCI,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. UNIV PENN,DEPT CHEM,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. UNIV PENN,DEPT PHYS,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. EXXON RES & ENGN CO,ANNANDALE,NJ 08801. RP NEUMANN, DA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 14 TC 194 Z9 195 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 30 PY 1991 VL 67 IS 27 BP 3808 EP 3811 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.67.3808 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA GX161 UT WOS:A1991GX16100020 ER PT J AU COSTELLO, JT KENNEDY, ET SONNTAG, BF CROMER, CL AF COSTELLO, JT KENNEDY, ET SONNTAG, BF CROMER, CL TI XUV PHOTOABSORPTION OF LASER-GENERATED W-VAPORS AND PT-VAPORS SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION; RESONANCE; METALS AB The absorption spectra of atomic W and Pt have been recorded by the dual laser plasma technique in the range of the 4f and 5p excitations. Broad, strong and asymmetric 5p --> 5d resonances dominate the spectra. The Pt 4f --> 5d transitions give rise to prominent maxima superimposed on the high energy slope of the 5p --> 5d resonances. Strong coupling to the 5d --> epsilon-f continuum manifests itself in the asymmetric profiles of the resonances and the extremely low cross section below the 5p onset for atomic W. The experimental results are compared to spectra calculated within the many-body perturbation theory and the relativistic random-phase approximation. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ATOM MOLEC & OPT PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV HAMBURG,INST EXPTL PHYS,W-2000 HAMBURG 13,GERMANY. RP COSTELLO, JT (reprint author), DUBLIN CITY UNIV,SCH PHYS SCI,DUBLIN 9,IRELAND. OI Costello, John/0000-0003-4677-9999 NR 19 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD DEC 28 PY 1991 VL 24 IS 24 BP 5063 EP 5069 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/24/24/005 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA GY545 UT WOS:A1991GY54500005 ER PT J AU SCHOLTEN, RE LORENTZ, SR MCCLELLAND, JJ KELLEY, MH CELOTTA, RJ AF SCHOLTEN, RE LORENTZ, SR MCCLELLAND, JJ KELLEY, MH CELOTTA, RJ TI SPIN-RESOLVED SUPERELASTIC SCATTERING FROM SODIUM AT 10 EV AND 40 EV SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Letter ID ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; INELASTIC-SCATTERING; COLLISIONAL ALIGNMENT; POLARIZED ELECTRONS; ORIENTATION; ATOMS; TRANSITION; NA AB Spin-resolved superelastic electron scattering from sodium has been measured at total energies of 10 and 40 eV, for scattering angles between 10-degrees and 140-degrees. The angular momentum transfer, L perpendicular-to, and the spin-resolved components L(T) perpendicular-to and L(S) perpendicular-to have been determined. The ratio, r, of triplet to singlet differential cross sections has also been found. The data are compared to theoretical calculations based on close-coupling and distorted-wave models. The spin-averaged L perpendicular-to and triplet L(T) perpendicular-to show good agreement with close-coupling theory while the singlet L(S) perpendicular-to and the ratio r are poorly predicted. RP SCHOLTEN, RE (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTRON & OPT PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Scholten, Robert/A-8586-2013; McClelland, Jabez/A-2358-2015 OI Scholten, Robert/0000-0002-2337-8036; McClelland, Jabez/0000-0001-5672-5965 NR 20 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD DEC 28 PY 1991 VL 24 IS 24 BP L653 EP L659 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/24/24/003 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA GY545 UT WOS:A1991GY54500003 ER PT J AU JOVANOVIC, SV TOSIC, M SIMIC, MG AF JOVANOVIC, SV TOSIC, M SIMIC, MG TI USE OF THE HAMMETT CORRELATION AND SIGMA+ FOR CALCULATION OF ONE-ELECTRON REDOX POTENTIALS OF ANTIOXIDANTS SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PULSE-RADIOLYSIS; URIC-ACID; RADICALS; MECHANISMS; PHENOLS AB Spectral, acid-base, and redox properties of methoxyphenoxyl radicals were determined in aqueous solutions by pulse radiolysis. Except for 2,6-dimethoxyphenoxyl, with lambda(max) < 300 nm, methoxyphenoxyl radicals absorb in the visible spectrum, with high molar absorptivities. From the effect of ionic strength on the rate of radical decay, a pK(a) < 2 was estimated for the deprotonation of phenolic radical cations. The oxidation potentials of methoxyphenols were determined from the electron-transfer equilibria with inorganic redox standards. The largest effect of methoxy groups on oxidation potential was observed for 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, E7 = 0.58 V vs NHE, whereas the effect of meta substitution was minimal for 3,5-dimethoxyphenol, E7 = 0.85 V, yet this was 0.12 V lower than the measured E7 of 0.97 V for unsubstituted phenol. The reduction potential E7 of methoxyphenoxyl radicals satisfies the Hammett correlation using Brown sigma+ substituent constants, as do other monosubstituted phenoxyls if the additivity of sigma+ values is assumed and the state of protonation of the substituents is taken into consideration. The derived sigma+(CH3O)m value of -0.14, in contrast to reported positive values, indicates the contribution of the methoxy group, even in the meta position, to charge delocalization and resonant stabilization of the phenoxyl radical. The contribution of the ring structure to more negative sigma+ values was observed, as expected. Use of the Hammett correlation is suggested for rapid estimation and accurate calculation of the redox potentials of polysubstituted phenolic antioxidants. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP JOVANOVIC, SV (reprint author), BORIS KIDRIC INST NUCL SCI,RADIAT CHEM LAB,POB 522,YU-11001 BELGRADE,YUGOSLAVIA. NR 21 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD DEC 26 PY 1991 VL 95 IS 26 BP 10824 EP 10827 DI 10.1021/j100179a054 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA GY164 UT WOS:A1991GY16400054 ER PT J AU SCHWARZ, FP PURI, K SUROLIA, A AF SCHWARZ, FP PURI, K SUROLIA, A TI THERMODYNAMICS OF THE BINDING OF GALACTOPYRANOSIDE DERIVATIVES TO THE BASIC LECTIN FROM WINGED BEAN (PSOPHOCARPUS-TETRAGONOLOBUS) SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETERS; CARBOHYDRATE BINDING; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CONCANAVALIN-A; PROTEIN; TETRAGONOLOBUS; RIBONUCLEASE; DENATURATION; CALIBRATION AB The thermodynamics of the binding of D-galactopyranoside (Gal), 2-acetamido-2-deoxygalactopyranoside (GalNAc), methyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside, and methyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside to the basic agglutinin from winged bean (WBAI) in 0.02 M sodium phosphate and 0.15 M sodium chloride buffer have been investigated from 298.15 to 333.15 K by titration calorimetry and at the denaturation temperature by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). WBAI is a dimer with two binding sites. The titration calorimetry yielded single-site binding constants ranging from 0.56 +/- 0.14 x 10(3) M-1 for Gal at 323.15 K to 7.2 +/- 0.5 x 10(3) M-1 for GalNAc at 298.15 K and binding enthalpies ranging from -28.0 +/- 2.0 kJ mol-1 for GalNAc at 298.15 K to -14.3 +/- 0.1 kJ mol-1 for methyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside at 322.65 K. The denaturation transition consisted of two overlapping peaks over the pH range 5.6-7.4. Fits of the differential scanning calorimetry data to a two-state transition model showed that the low temperature transition (341.6 +/- 0.4 K at pH 7.4) consisted of two domains unfolding as a single entity while the higher temperature transition (347.8 +/- 0.6 K at pH 7.4) is of the remaining WBAI dimer unfolding into two monomers. Both transitions shift to higher temperatures and higher calorimetric enthalpies with increase in added ligand concentration at pH 7.4. Analysis of the temperature increase as a function of added ligand concentration suggests that one ligand binds to the two domains unfolding at 341.6 +/- 0.6 K and one ligand binds to the domain unfolding at 347.8 +/- 0.6 K. C1 INDIAN INST SCI,MOLEC BIOPHYS UNIT,BANGALORE 560012,KARNATAKA,INDIA. RP SCHWARZ, FP (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850, USA. RI SUROLIA, AVADESHA/C-5442-2009 NR 19 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD DEC 25 PY 1991 VL 266 IS 36 BP 24344 EP 24350 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA GW845 UT WOS:A1991GW84500020 PM 1761537 ER PT J AU KAHANER, DK NG, E SCHIESSER, WE THOMPSON, S AF KAHANER, DK NG, E SCHIESSER, WE THOMPSON, S TI EXPERIMENTS WITH AN ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATION SOLVER IN THE PARALLEL SOLUTION OF METHOD OF LINES PROBLEMS ON A SHARED-MEMORY PARALLEL COMPUTER SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON COMPUTATIONAL MATHEMATICS ( ISCM 90 ) CY AUG 29-SEP 04, 1990 CL MATSUYAMA, JAPAN SP MATH SOC JAPAN, EHIME UNIV DE ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS; ODE; NUMERICAL ANALYSIS; METHOD OF LINES; MOL; MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE ID STIFF AB We consider method of lines solutions of partial differential equations on shared-memory parallel computers. Solutions using the ordinary differential equation solver SDRIV3 (which is similar to the well-known LSODE solver) are considered. It is shown that portions of the solver may be implemented in parallel. In particular, formation of the Jacobian matrix and the linear algebra required to solve the corrector equations are natural candidates for parallel implementation since these portions dominate the cost of solving large systems of equations. A variant of Gaussian elimination is described which allows efficient parallel solution of systems of linear equations. An implementation of SDRIV3 which performs the Jacobian related calculations in parallel and which uses this variant of Gaussian elimination is described. The modified solver is used to solve a model hyperbolic fluid flow problem. Timing results, obtained using a Sequent Balance parallel computer, are given which demonstrate that substantial speedups are possible. Extensions of the techniques to sparse problems are discussed and illustrated for a problem involving a humidification column which contacts air and water. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN. LEHIGH UNIV,BETHLEHEM,PA 18015. RADFORD UNIV,RADFORD,VA 24142. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0427 J9 J COMPUT APPL MATH JI J. Comput. Appl. Math. PD DEC 23 PY 1991 VL 38 IS 1-3 BP 231 EP 253 DI 10.1016/0377-0427(91)90173-H PG 23 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA GX448 UT WOS:A1991GX44800018 ER PT J AU FREHLICH, RG KAVAYA, MJ AF FREHLICH, RG KAVAYA, MJ TI COHERENT LASER-RADAR PERFORMANCE FOR GENERAL ATMOSPHERIC REFRACTIVE TURBULENCE SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE LASER RADAR; LIDAR; COHERENT DETECTION; HETERODYNE DETECTION ID SIGNAL-TO-NOISE; BACKSCATTER HETERODYNE LIDAR; RANDOM-MEDIA; WAVE-PROPAGATION; GAUSSIAN-BEAM; RECEIVING EFFICIENCY; MATRIX FORMALISM; THEORETICAL SNRS; OPTICAL-RADAR; DOPPLER LIDAR AB The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and heterodyne efficiency are investigated for coherent (heterodyne detection) laser radar under the Fresnel approximation and general conditions. This generality includes spatially random fields, refractive turbulence, monostatic and bistatic configurations, detector geometry, and targets. For the first time to our knowledge, the effects of atmospheric refractive turbulence are included by using the path-integral formulation. For general conditions the SNR can be expressed in terms of the direct detection power and a heterodyne efficiency that can be estimated from the laser radar signal. For weak refractive turbulence (small irradiance fluctuations at the target) and under the Markov approximation, it is shown that the assumption of statistically independent paths is valid, even for the monostatic configuration. In the limit of large path-integrated refractive turbulence the SNR can become twice the statistically independent-path result. The effects of the main components of a coherent laser radar are demonstrated by assuming untruncated Gaussians for the transmitter, receiver, and local oscillator. The physical mechanisms that reduce heterodyne efficiency are identified by performing the calculations in the receiver plane. The physical interpretations of these results are compared with those obtained from calculations performed in the target plane. C1 COHERENT TECHNOL INC,BOULDER,CO 80301. RP FREHLICH, RG (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 93 TC 115 Z9 121 U1 3 U2 11 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 20 PY 1991 VL 30 IS 36 BP 5325 EP 5352 PG 28 WC Optics SC Optics GA HA508 UT WOS:A1991HA50800017 PM 20717362 ER PT J AU DONAHUE, M SHULL, JM AF DONAHUE, M SHULL, JM TI NEW PHOTOIONIZATION MODELS OF INTERGALACTIC CLOUDS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ATOMIC PROCESSES; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; MOLECULAR PROCESSES; QUASARS ID LYMAN-ALPHA-FOREST; HIGH-REDSHIFT; CHARGE-TRANSFER; OPACITY CALCULATIONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; ATOMIC DATA; IONIZATION EQUILIBRIUM; ABSORPTION-LINES; DIELECTRONIC RECOMBINATION; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE AB We present new photoionization models of optically thin, low-density intergalactic gas at constant pressure, photoionized by QSOs. To improve accuracy of ionization calculations, our code uses Opacity Project photoionization cross sections for the ground states of C, N, O, and Si and makes approximate corrections for the radiative recombination rates using detailed balance. We model all ion stages of H, He, C, N, O, Si, and Fe, plus H-2 and predict the column density ratios of clouds at specified values of ionization parameter U = n-gamma/n(H) and cloud metallicity. For gas photoionized by quasars, a two-phase (cloud-intercloud) medium cannot exist at T = (1-3) x 10(4) K, so that pressure confinement of the Ly-alpha clouds is problematic. We derive new metallicity limits for absorption systems at z = 3.321 (S5 0014 + 81) and at z = 2.9676 (PKS 2126-158). In addition, we find a stable molecular phase in Ly-alpha clouds, with U almost-equal-to 10(-7) to 10(-5) and n(H-2)/n(H I) almost-equal-to 10(-2), in which molecular cooling produces T < 10(4) K, as suggested by recent line width data. Photoelectron escape from low-column H I clouds can reduce the heating and explain the observed narrow line widths. If the ionizing radiation flux J0 = 4-pi-I0 almost-equal-to 10(-21) ergs cm-2 s-1 Hz-1, as inferred for several absorption systems in QSO 2206-199N, these 10(4) K clouds require high densities (n(H) almost-equal-to 0.1 cm-3) and have significant neutral fractions. The inferred cloud thicknesses are 10(5-9) times smaller than the lateral extents estimated by double-QSO observations. Such aspect ratios are difficult to understand, and the large pressures would make the sheet like clouds difficult to confine by means other than ram pressure. The value of U required to explain the H I line widths is also much smaller than that needed to explain the observed ratios N(C IV)/N(C II) greater-than-or-equal-to 1 in sharp metal-line systems. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80302. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,CTR ASTROPHYS & SPACE ASTRON,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP DONAHUE, M (reprint author), CARNEGIE INST WASHINGTON OBSERV,813 SANTA BARBARA ST,PASADENA,CA 91101, USA. RI Donahue, Megan/B-5361-2012; OI Donahue, Megan/0000-0002-2808-0853 NR 78 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 1991 VL 383 IS 2 BP 511 EP 523 DI 10.1086/170809 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA GW194 UT WOS:A1991GW19400004 ER PT J AU CAILLAULT, JP VILHU, O LINSKY, JL AF CAILLAULT, JP VILHU, O LINSKY, JL TI IUE OBSERVATIONS OF SOLAR-TYPE STARS IN THE PLEIADES AND THE HYADES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE CLUSTERS, OPEN; STARS, CHROMOSPHERES; ULTRAVIOLET, SPECTRA ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; LOW-MASS STARS; X-RAY SURVEY; MAGNETIC ACTIVITY; CHROMOSPHERIC EMISSION; ROTATIONAL VELOCITIES; SATURATED LEVELS; II EMISSION; COOL STARS; K-DWARFS AB We have made the first extensive set of IUE observations of solar-type stars (spectral types F5-G5) in the Pleiades. Spectra were obtained in 1988 January and August for both the transition region (C IV 1550 angstrom; low-resolution) and chromospheric (Mg II 2800 angstrom; high-resolution) emission wavelength regions, respectively. The Pleiades solar-type stars lie at the extreme limit of what IUE can observe in very long exposures. We were able to detect Mg II fluxes for two out of three Pleiades stars and interesting C IV upper limits for two of these stars. Long-wavelength, high-resolution spectra were also obtained for previously unobserved solar-type stars in the Hyades. With the inclusion of spectra of additional Hyades stars obtained from the IUE archives, we have calculated surface fluxes and fractional luminosities for both clusters' solar-type stars. These values provide a better estimate for the Mg II saturation line for single (as opposed to contact-binary) stars. Future observations with more sensitive instruments like HST are needed to determine whether the Pleiades lie at the saturation limit or somewhat below the limit for the most active single stars. In addition, the spectra of such young stars (Pleiades approximately 10(7.8) yr; Hyades approximately 10(8.8) yr) extend the main-sequence age baseline for activity-age relations over more than two orders of magnitude and, hence, allow for further discussion of proposed evolutionary scenarios for solar-type stars. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOS,DIV QUANTUM PHYS,BOULDER,CO. UNIV HELSINKI,ASTROPHYS LAB,SF-00130 HELSINKI,FINLAND. UNIV HELSINKI OBSERV,SF-00130 HELSINKI,FINLAND. UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP CAILLAULT, JP (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 1991 VL 383 IS 2 BP 594 EP 601 DI 10.1086/170817 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA GW194 UT WOS:A1991GW19400012 ER PT J AU FERRIERE, KM ZWEIBEL, EG AF FERRIERE, KM ZWEIBEL, EG TI MAGNETIZED SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS WITH COSMIC-RAYS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE COSMIC RAYS, GENERAL; HYDROMAGNETICS; INTERSTELLAR, MATTER; NEBULAE, SUPERNOVA REMNANTS; PARTICLE ACCELERATION; SHOCK WAVES ID PARTICLE ACCELERATION; SHOCK FRONTS; ENERGY AB We examine the effects of interstellar magnetic fields and cosmic rays on the dynamics of a supernova remnant expanding into a warm H I gas. As long as the shock wave driven by the supernova explosion propagates faster than 110 km s-1, the vicinity of the shock front is fully ionized, and cosmic rays are well coupled to the thermal fluid. They are first accelerated at the adiabatic front, and further compressed in the postshock cooling zone. When the shock velocity drops below 110 km s-1, ion-neutral collisions in the vicinity of the shock dissipate the waves which couple cosmic rays to the thermal gas, and impede cosmic-ray acceleration. We find that magnetic and cosmic-ray pressures together dominate over thermal pressure away from the magnetic poles. As a result, most of the shell becomes considerably thicker, and the shock wave propagates somewhat faster than in the nonmagnetic case. At late times, the transverse mass motions which take place from the poles to the equator create H I holes at the polar caps. Our theory leads to a simple interpretation of the "barrel-shaped" distribution of radio emission observed in some supernova remnants. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80302. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80302. RP FERRIERE, KM (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,DEPT ASTROPHYS PLANETARY & ATMOSPHER SCI,BOULDER,CO 80302, USA. NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 1991 VL 383 IS 2 BP 602 EP 614 DI 10.1086/170818 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA GW194 UT WOS:A1991GW19400013 ER PT J AU MARSHALL, TC RUST, WD AF MARSHALL, TC RUST, WD TI ELECTRIC-FIELD SOUNDINGS THROUGH THUNDERSTORMS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITATION; THUNDERCLOUDS; CLOUDS; ANVIL AB We report on 12 balloon soundings of the electric field in thunderstorms. The maximum magnitude of E in the storms averaged 96 +/- 28 kV/m, with the largest being 146 kV/m. The maximum was usually observed between vertically adjacent regions of opposite charge. Using a one-dimensional approximation to Gauss' law, we infer four to ten charge regions in the storms. The magnitude of the density in the charge regions varied between 0.2 and 13 nC/m3. The vertical extent of the charge regions ranged from 130 to 2100 m. None of our 12 storms had charge distributions that fit the long-accepted model of Simpson and colleagues of a lower positive charge, a main negative charge, and an upper positive charge. In addition to regions similar to the Simpson model our storms had screening layers at the upper and lower cloud boundaries and extra charge regions, usually in the lower part of the cloud. C1 NOAA, EARTH RESOURCES LAB, NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB, NORMAN, OK 73069 USA. RP MARSHALL, TC (reprint author), UNIV MISSISSIPPI, COLL LIBERAL ARTS, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, UNIVERSITY, MS 38677 USA. NR 31 TC 112 Z9 125 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 20 PY 1991 VL 96 IS D12 BP 22297 EP 22306 DI 10.1029/91JD02486 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GY559 UT WOS:A1991GY55900003 ER PT J AU LOPEZ, RE MAIER, MW HOLLE, RL AF LOPEZ, RE MAIER, MW HOLLE, RL TI COMPARISON OF THE SIGNAL STRENGTH OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE CLOUD-TO-GROUND LIGHTNING FLASHES IN NORTHEASTERN COLORADO SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID DIRECTION-FINDER; RETURN STROKES; THUNDERSTORMS; RADIATION; SYSTEMS; NETWORK; WINTER; FIELDS; SUMMER; STORMS AB The frequency distribution of the peak signal strength associated with the first detected return stroke of positive and negative cloud-to-ground flashes was studied using lightning data from northeastern Colorado. These data were obtained during 1985 with a network of medium-high gain direction finders (DFs) having a nominal range of 300 km. The median normalized signal strength of positive flashes was almost 2 times that of the negatives for flashes within 300 km of the DFs (170 versus 96 Lightning Location and Protection, Inc. (LLP), units). These DFs have an inherent detection threshold bias that tends to discriminate against weak signals. This bias increases with range and affects the detection of positive and negative flashes in different ways because of the differing character of their distributions. Positive flashes appear to have a large percentage (12 times larger than that of negative flashes) of signals clustered around very weak values (below 30 units) that are lost to the Colorado detection system of medium-high gain very quickly with increasing range (most of these are undetected by 125 km). The resulting median for positive signals thus could appear to be much larger than the median for negative signals, which are more clustered around intermediate values (80 units). When only flashes very close (20-60 km) to the DFs are considered, however, the two distributions have almost identical medians (70 units). The large percentage of weak positive signals (below 30 units) detected close to the DFs (about 10 times larger than that of negative signals) has not been previously explored. It has been suggested that they come from intracloud discharges and are improperly classified as coming from CG flashes. The evidence in hand, however, points to their being real positive, albeit weak, cloud-to-ground flashes. Whether or not they are real positive ground flashes, it is important to be aware of their presence in data from magnetic DF networks. Even if the weak positive signals are eliminated by considering only distant flashes (beyond about 125 km), the frequency distributions of positive and negative signal strengths are very different, the positives lacking the large percentage of intermediate signals (around 80 units) of the negatives but having a somewhat larger relative frequency of large and very large signals (beyond 130 units). C1 COMP SCI RAYTHEON, COCOA BEACH, FL 32931 USA. RP LOPEZ, RE (reprint author), NOAA, NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB, R-E-22, 325 BROADWAY, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 20 PY 1991 VL 96 IS D12 BP 22307 EP 22318 DI 10.1029/91JD02474 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GY559 UT WOS:A1991GY55900004 ER PT J AU BUTLER, JH ELKINS, JW THOMPSON, TM HALL, BD SWANSON, TH KOROPALOV, V AF BUTLER, JH ELKINS, JW THOMPSON, TM HALL, BD SWANSON, TH KOROPALOV, V TI OCEANIC CONSUMPTION OF CH3CCL3 - IMPLICATIONS FOR TROPOSPHERIC OH SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID DILUTE AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS; ATMOSPHERIC LIFETIME; METHYL CHLOROFORM; AVERAGE; HYDROLYSIS; GAS; 1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE; METHYLCHLOROFORM; TRANSFORMATIONS AB Strong and extensive negative saturation anomalies for CH3CCl3 were observed in the mid-Pacific Ocean during the spring of 1990. Anomalies were largest at the equator, where upwelling and biological activity were greatest, but present virtually everywhere in our sampling range of 15-degrees-S to 20-degrees-N. The mean saturation anomaly for all of our data, corrected for physical effects, was -11.0%, implying that the ocean is a significant sink for CH3CCl3. The loss rate to maintain this anomaly is supported roughly by known hydrolysis rates, but contributions from other processes cannot be ruled out at this time. If hydrolysis and mixing are the only processes removing CH3CCl3 from seawater, then about 6% of atmospheric CH3CCl3 is removed by consumption in the oceans. Our data show that losses to the ocean most probably would range from 5 to 11% of the CH3CCl3 removed from the atmosphere. This range translates to a partial residence time of 59-128 years for atmospheric CH3CCl3 relative to oceanic consumption. Although these data indicate that the ocean is not an overwhelmingly large sink, its neglect does represent a systematic error in the calculation of tropospheric OH concentration from CH3CCl3 production, growth, and distribution in the atmosphere. C1 UNIV COLORADO, NOAA, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. MOSCOW APPL GEOPHYS INST, MOSCOW, USSR. RP BUTLER, JH (reprint author), NOAA, CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB, R-E-CGI, 325 BROADWAY, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NR 36 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 20 PY 1991 VL 96 IS D12 BP 22347 EP 22355 DI 10.1029/91JD02126 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GY559 UT WOS:A1991GY55900008 ER PT J AU PENLAND, C GHIL, M WEICKMANN, KM AF PENLAND, C GHIL, M WEICKMANN, KM TI ADAPTIVE FILTERING AND MAXIMUM-ENTROPY SPECTRA WITH APPLICATION TO CHANGES IN ATMOSPHERIC ANGULAR-MOMENTUM SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID POLAR MOTION; TIME-SERIES; OSCILLATION; LENGTH; DYNAMICS; TROPICS; FGGE; OLR AB The spectral resolution and statistical significance of a harmonic analysis obtained by low-order maximum entropy methods (MEM) can be improved by subjecting the data to an adaptive filter. This adaptive filter consists of projecting the data onto the leading temporal empirical orthogonal functions obtained from singular spectrum analysis (SSA). The combined SSA-MEM method is applied both to a synthetic time series and a time series of atmospheric angular momentum (AAM) data. The procedure is very effective when the background noise is white and less so when the background noise detect reliable evidence for intraseasonal and interannual oscillations in AAM. The interannual periods include a quasi-biennial one and a low-frequency one, of 5 years, both related to the El Nino/Southern Oscillation. In the intraseasonal band, separate oscillations of about 48.5 and 51 days are ascertained. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES, DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI, CTR CLIMATE DYNAM, LOS ANGELES, CA 90024 USA. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES, INST GEOPHYS & PLANETARY PHYS, LOS ANGELES, CA 90024 USA. NOAA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, CMDL CRD, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RP PENLAND, C (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO, NOAA, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, CAMPUS BOX 216, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NR 53 TC 85 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 20 PY 1991 VL 96 IS D12 BP 22659 EP 22671 DI 10.1029/91JD02107 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GY559 UT WOS:A1991GY55900031 ER PT J AU GAGE, KS MCAFEE, JR CARTER, DA ECKLUND, WL RIDDLE, AC REID, GC BALSLEY, BB AF GAGE, KS MCAFEE, JR CARTER, DA ECKLUND, WL RIDDLE, AC REID, GC BALSLEY, BB TI LONG-TERM MEAN VERTICAL MOTION OVER THE TROPICAL PACIFIC - WIND-PROFILING DOPPLER RADAR MEASUREMENTS SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC FOUNTAIN; HEATING RATES; ATMOSPHERE; VELOCITY AB Measurement from Christmas Island (2-degrees-N, 157-degrees-W) of long-term mean vertical motions in the tropical atmosphere using very-high-frequency wind-profiling Doppler radar show that there is a transition from downward motion in the free troposphere to upward motion in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. The observations in the free troposphere are consistent with a balance between adiabatic and diabatic heating and cooling rates in a clear atmosphere. Comparison of the results at Christmas Island during El Nino and non-El Nino conditions with earlier results obtained for stratiform rain conditions over Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia, show that cirrus clouds in the vicinity of the tropopause likely play an important role in determining the sense and magnitude of vertical motions in this region. These results have implications for the exchange of mass between the troposphere and stratosphere over the tropics. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP GAGE, KS (reprint author), NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 23 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 20 PY 1991 VL 254 IS 5039 BP 1771 EP 1773 DI 10.1126/science.254.5039.1771 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA GW316 UT WOS:A1991GW31600036 PM 17829241 ER PT J AU RUFF, AW LASHMORE, DS AF RUFF, AW LASHMORE, DS TI EFFECT OF LAYER SPACING ON WEAR OF NI/CU MULTILAYER ALLOYS SO WEAR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL CONF ON WEAR OF MATERIALS CY APR 07-11, 1991 CL ORLANDO, FL ID NI-CU; SUPERLATTICES; COATINGS; STRENGTH AB Alloys consisting of multiple alternate layers of nickel and copper have been prepared by electrodeposition and studied in sliding wear. Most recently a multilayer alloy with a layer spacing of 3.8 nm was studied, to complement earlier studies of multilayer alloys with layer spacings of 10 and 100 nm. In order to determine wear characteristics, the alloys were tested in unlubricated sliding against type 52100 steel in a crossed-cylinder geometry at various loads. It was found that the most wear-resistant alloy was the one having the smallest layer spacing, 3.8 nm. Further, all the multilayer alloys showed less wear than either copper or nickel deposited from the same solution and tested under the same conditions. The multilayer structure in these alloys is thought to provide internal barriers to wear which occurred by plastic deformation processes. The data suggest that the individual layer spacing determines the level of stress necessary to initiate severe wear. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MET,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP RUFF, AW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 21 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD DEC 20 PY 1991 VL 151 IS 2 BP 245 EP 253 DI 10.1016/0043-1648(91)90252-P PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA GZ313 UT WOS:A1991GZ31300004 ER PT J AU MILOFSKY, RE BIRKS, JW AF MILOFSKY, RE BIRKS, JW TI LASER PHOTOLYSIS STUDY OF THE KINETICS AND MECHANISM OF PHOTOINITIATED PEROXYOXALATE CHEMILUMINESCENCE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CHEMI-LUMINESCENCE; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; SYSTEM; LIGHT AB Kinetics of photoinitiated peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence have been studied in order to further elucidate the mechanism of the reaction. Intensity versus time profiles obtained from photolysis by a single laser pulse displayed three prominent features: (1) prompt emission rising to a maximum in less than 0.3 s and decaying by a first-order process with a time constant of almost-equal-to 35 s when no imidazole catalyst is present, (2) a sharp burst of light with rise and fall constants of almost-equal-to 2 s when imidazole is added postphotolysis, and (3) a broad, symmetrical emission profile having nearly identical rise and fall rate constants when imidazole is added either before or after photolysis. The broad emission profile was identified as being due to photosensitized production of H2O2.In this case, pseudo-first-order rate constants for the rise (r) and fall (f) of the chemiluminescence intensity versus time profile were measured as a function of initial reactant concentrations and number of laser shots used to initiate the reaction. Both the rise and fall rate constants were found to be independent of the fluorophore concentration and to vary only slightly with the number of laser shots. Imidazole has a complex and nearly identical effect on the rise and fall, the dependence on imidazole concentration increasing from first to second order as the imidazole concentration increases. A finding that both the rise and fall pseudo-first-order rate constants vary linearly with oxalate ester concentration implies that two molecules of oxalate ester are involved in the reaction. These results were confirmed by additional kinetics experiments in which photochemical generation of H2O2 was replaced by direct addition. The kinetics of the prompt emission and of the sharp burst resulting from postphotolysis addition of imidazole is consistent with the formation in the initial photolysis reaction of the peroxydioxalate, ArO(C = O)2OO(C = O)2OAr, where Ar represents 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl. Based on kinetics results, it is proposed that the H2O2-initiated reaction also produces this species, which subsequently reacts to form the high-energy intermediate capable of transferring energy to the fluorophore. New high-energy intermediates derived from the peroxydioxalate are proposed. Rate constants for the rate-limiting steps of the mechanism are derived, and a computer simulation of the mechanism is found to be consistent with the experimental results. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,CAMPUS BOX 216,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RI Birks, John/H-7451-2013 OI Birks, John/0000-0003-1691-1354 NR 26 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 18 PY 1991 VL 113 IS 26 BP 9715 EP 9723 DI 10.1021/ja00026a001 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA GW356 UT WOS:A1991GW35600001 ER PT J AU GROSSMAN, EN SAUVAGEAU, JE MCDONALD, DG AF GROSSMAN, EN SAUVAGEAU, JE MCDONALD, DG TI LITHOGRAPHIC SPIRAL ANTENNAS AT SHORT WAVELENGTHS SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MICROBOLOMETER; DESIGN AB We have extended the high efficiency of lithographic antennas to mid-infrared wavelengths. Pattern measurements made at 9.5-mu-m wavelength on a 65-degrees, self-complementary, spiral antenna exhibit a ratio of response to orthogonal linear polarizations of 1.35 dB, a beamwidth of 85-degrees (3 dB full width), a directivity of 8.2 dB, and surprisingly, a close resemblance to the theoretical pattern for a 65-degrees spiral in free space. Direct detection measurements made with an ambient temperature blackbody source yield an antenna efficiency of 52 +/- 7%, when corrected for incomplete filling of the antenna beam by the source, at a mean effective wavelength of 19-mu-m. RP GROSSMAN, EN (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 14 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 16 PY 1991 VL 59 IS 25 BP 3225 EP 3227 DI 10.1063/1.105739 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA GV079 UT WOS:A1991GV07900007 ER PT J AU DAGATA, JA TSENG, W BENNETT, J SCHNEIR, J HARARY, HH AF DAGATA, JA TSENG, W BENNETT, J SCHNEIR, J HARARY, HH TI P2S5 PASSIVATION OF GAAS-SURFACES FOR SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY IN AIR SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SULFUR PASSIVATION; WATER; MODEL AB We report a novel method of GaAs substrate preparation which imparts significantly improved topographical and chemical uniformity to the surface. The procedure, employing an aqueous P2S5/(NH4)2S solution, leaves the surface in a highly ordered state and resistant to air oxidation for periods of a day or more without the presence of foreign chemical layer such as sulfur. Surface quality was determined by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, reflection high-energy electron diffraction, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The remarkable stability and smoothness of treated III-V surfaces is illustrated by STM imaging of an Al0.51GaO.49As/GaAs superlattice in air. The superlattice consisted of periodic alternating AlGaAs/GaAs layers of various thicknesses from 10 to 1000 nm. RP DAGATA, JA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 11 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 16 PY 1991 VL 59 IS 25 BP 3288 EP 3290 DI 10.1063/1.105708 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA GV079 UT WOS:A1991GV07900029 ER PT J AU THUMM, U NORCROSS, DW AF THUMM, U NORCROSS, DW TI EVIDENCE FOR VERY NARROW SHAPE RESONANCES IN LOW-ENERGY ELECTRON-CS SCATTERING SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE-IONS; STATE AB A relativistic scattering calculation based on the Dirac R-matrix method has been performed within a two-electron model-potential approach for negative-ion binding energies as well as elastic and inelastic scattering cross sections. We find multiplets of narrow shape resonances with J = 0, 1, and 2, and widths of a few meV. Their J-averaged energies for even and odd parity are 119.0 meV below the 6p1/2 threshold and 9.1 meV above the 6s1/2 threshold. RP THUMM, U (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,DIV QUANTUM PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80302, USA. OI Thumm, Uwe/0000-0001-9378-6601 NR 19 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 16 PY 1991 VL 67 IS 25 BP 3495 EP 3498 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.67.3495 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA GV083 UT WOS:A1991GV08300009 ER PT J AU BARBEE, TW COHEN, ML PENN, DR AF BARBEE, TW COHEN, ML PENN, DR TI LIMITATIONS ON A COMBINED PHONON-NON-PHONON MECHANISM FOR SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN BI2SR2CA1CU2OX SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article ID CU-O SYSTEM AB Despite the large number of theories proposed to explain high-temperature superconductivity, no clear explanation of its origin exists. Experimental data such as the isotope effect alpha and the gap ratio 2-DELTA/k(B)T(c) can be used to constrain possible models for high-temperature superconductivity. We consider a class of models which contain contributions to pairing from phonons and also from another unspecified boson, and place limitations on such models in light of these experimental data and recent results derived from photoemission data for Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2Ox. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV MAT SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV RADIAT PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP BARBEE, TW (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,L-412,POB 808,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD DEC 16 PY 1991 VL 161 IS 1 BP 85 EP 88 DI 10.1016/0375-9601(91)90551-I PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA GX018 UT WOS:A1991GX01800019 ER PT J AU PARSON, R AF PARSON, R TI FINE-STRUCTURE SELECTIVE COLLISIONAL ENERGY-TRANSFER IN SPHERICAL TOP MOLECULES - EVIDENCE FOR A SYMMETRY-BASED MECHANISM FROM ROVIBRATIONAL EIGENFUNCTIONS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRIPLY-DEGENERATE FUNDAMENTALS; TETRAHEDRAL XY4 MOLECULES; POLYATOMIC-MOLECULES; ROTATIONAL SPECTRA; DOUBLE-RESONANCE; METHANE; VIBRATION; TRANSITIONS; SILANE; STATE AB Recent state-resolved experiments have shown that rotational energy transfer in collisions of vibrationally excited spherical top molecules is remarkably selective with respect to the fine structure components of the rovibrational states. In a recent paper [J. Chem. Phys. 93, 8731 (1990)], these results were rationalized on the basis of symmetry arguments and the Harter-Patterson theory of spectral clustering. The present paper provides numerical evidence for those assertions. Matrix elements of an atom-spherical top interaction potential are calculated using numerically accurate wave functions from spectroscopic Hamiltonians and using the approximate wave functions given by the Harter-Patterson theory. Agreement between the two calculations is satisfactory and both confirm the propensity rules derived previously, suggesting that the proposed mechanism does in fact operate in these systems. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80302. RP PARSON, R (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 44 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 1991 VL 95 IS 12 BP 8941 EP 8961 DI 10.1063/1.461226 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA GV825 UT WOS:A1991GV82500024 ER PT J AU GREATBATCH, RJ FANNING, AF GOULDING, AD LEVITUS, S AF GREATBATCH, RJ FANNING, AF GOULDING, AD LEVITUS, S TI A DIAGNOSIS OF INTERPENTADAL CIRCULATION CHANGES IN THE NORTH-ATLANTIC SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID WIND STRESS; GULF-STREAM; OCEAN; VARIABILITY; SALINITY; MODEL; TEMPERATURE AB Diagnostic calculations of the circulation in the North Atlantic are described. Three basic cases are considered: the climatological mean state and the circulation in the pentads 1955-1959 and 1970-1974. Density data from Levitus (1982, 1989) are used as input together with the annual mean wind stress field of Hellerman and Rosenstein (1983) for the climatological case and wind stress data derived from the Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set for the 1950s and 1970s. The results suggest that the Gulf Stream was some 30 Sv weaker in the 1970-1974 pentad than in the pentad 1955-1959. About 20 Sv of this is due to a dramatic weakening of the circulation of the subtropical gyre. This is traced to a change in bottom pressure torque associated with the bottom topography on the western side of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. This same general area is also shown to be important for enhancing the transport of the climatological mean subtropical gyre above that predicted by the flat-bottomed Sverdrup relation. The remaining 10 Sv is due to a weakening of the cyclonic gyre in the continental slope region south of Atlantic Canada and north of the Gulf Stream. This too is associated with a change in bottom pressure torque. We find that changes in the density field above 1500 m depth contribute about half of the transport change. It is not clear how reliable is the estimate of the remaining half. This is because it is dependent on changes in the analyzed density field at depths greater than 1500 m, and these could be a result of insufficient or unreliable data. No significant change in the total transport of the subpolar gyre is diagnosed by our calculations. In order to interpret the results we have split the joint effect of baroclinicity and relief (JEBAR) term into two parts: a part associated with bottom pressure torque and a part associated with compensation by the density stratification for the effect of variable bottom topography. This leads to a natural division of the volume transport stream function PSI into three parts; PSI = PSI-W + PSI-C + PSI-B. PSI-W is calculated using wind forcing alone and assumes a uniform density ocean. PSI-C is the difference between this and the stream function, PSI-S, calculated using the flat-bottomed Sverdrup relation. It is driven by that part of JEBAR associated with density compensation. Finally, PSI-B is the difference between PSI and PSI-S and is that part of PSI driven by bottom pressure torque. (PSI-C + PSI-B) then gives the total contribution to PSI from the JEBAR term. We find that for the climatological mean subpolar gyre, density compensation is particularly important, with bottom pressure torque displacing the gyre southward rather than enhancing its transport. For the subtropical gyre, density compensation plays less of a role. Almost all the difference between the two pentads occurs in the bottom pressure torque part. C1 MEM UNIV NEWFOUNDLAND, ST JOHNS A1B 3X7, NEWFOUNDLAND, CANADA. NOAA, NATL OCEANOG DATA CTR, WASHINGTON, DC 20235 USA. RP GREATBATCH, RJ (reprint author), MEM UNIV NEWFOUNDLAND, DEPT PHYS, ST JOHNS A1B 3X7, NEWFOUNDLAND, CANADA. NR 36 TC 149 Z9 150 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 15 PY 1991 VL 96 IS C12 BP 22009 EP 22023 DI 10.1029/91JC02423 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA GW576 UT WOS:A1991GW57600004 ER PT J AU EMERY, WJ RADEBAUGH, M FOWLER, CW CAVALIERI, D STEFFEN, K AF EMERY, WJ RADEBAUGH, M FOWLER, CW CAVALIERI, D STEFFEN, K TI A COMPARISON OF SEA ICE PARAMETERS COMPUTED FROM ADVANCED VERY HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER AND LANDSAT SATELLITE IMAGERY AND FROM AIRBORNE PASSIVE MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article AB The advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR), flying on the NOAA polar-orbiting weather satellites, can be used to map both sea ice concentration and ice edge, under cloud-free conditions. In order to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of these AVHRR ice parameters, we have compared AVHRR-derived sea ice parameters from the Bering Sea with those computed from nearly coincident (within 6 hours) Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS) imagery and from the aircraft multichannel microwave radiometer (AMMR) flown on the NASA DC-8. The higher spatial and spectral resolutions of the Landsat data make them appropriate to use as a reference for the AVHRR inferred sea ice parameters while the lower-altitude aircraft microwave sensor also provides a good source of comparison data. Both the AVHRR near-infrared (channel 2) and thermal infrared (channel 4) images were used to compute ice concentration. Mean ice concentration differences between the channel 2 AVHRR and Landsat MSS data (Landsat-AVHRR) ranged from -0.8 to 1.8% with a mean value of 0.5%. Root-mean-square (rms) differences ranged from 6.8 to 17.7%. Mean differences were larger for the channel 4 AVHRR ice concentrations ranging from -2.2 to 8.4% with rms differences from 8.6 to 26.8%. Mean differences between AVHRR channel 2 concentrations and the AMMR data (AMMR-AVHRR) ranged from -19.7 to 18.9% while rms values went from 17.0 to 44.8%. Mean ice edge differences between the Landsat and AVHRR images were 1.8 km for channel 2 and 2.9 km for channel 4 with rms differences of 3.2 km and 4.4 km, respectively. The AVHRR ice edge was south and west of the Landsat edge. C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,HYDROSPHER PROC LAB,GREENBELT,MD 20771. UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP EMERY, WJ (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,COLORADO CTR ASTRODYNAM RES,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. RI Steffen, Konrad/C-6027-2013 OI Steffen, Konrad/0000-0001-8658-1026 NR 13 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 15 PY 1991 VL 96 IS C12 BP 22075 EP 22085 DI 10.1029/91JC02337 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA GW576 UT WOS:A1991GW57600009 ER PT J AU BISAGNI, JJ AF BISAGNI, JJ TI OCEAN SURFACE-TOPOGRAPHY MEASURED BY THE GEOSAT RADAR ALTIMETER DURING THE FRONTAL AIR-SEA INTERACTION EXPERIMENT SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; SUBTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE; INTERACTION EXPERIMENT FASINEX; TROPOSPHERIC RANGE CORRECTION; LOCAL DYNAMICS EXPERIMENT; SCALE SST VARIABILITY; OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS; FRONTOGENESIS; TEMPERATURE; ACCURACY AB An objective analysis (OA) technique was used to analyze Geosat Geodetic Mission residual sea height anomalies (RSHA) for the Frontal Air-Sea Interaction Experiment (FASINEX), conducted in the western North Atlantic. Preprocessing of the Geosat data included removal of a mean sea surface and orbit error and corrections for tides, wave height, inverse barometer, and ionospheric and dry tropospheric effects. Geosat data were not corrected for water vapor. Central to the analysis was the computation of a spatially anisotropic, time-dependent autocorrelation function directly from the Geosat data. Results show a single autocorrelation function peak, having a diameter of approximately 270 km at 0-day time lag. A 15-month time series of RSHA topography was constructed at 10-day intervals, forming a set of 47 OA maps. These maps show a field of topographic features propagating to the west at approximately 4 km d-1. The features exhibited spatial and temporal scales of approximately 200 km and approximately 50 days, respectively. The root-mean-square (rms) of the OA-derived feature amplitudes fluctuated slowly between 0.05 and 0.09 m with a period of approximately 200 days over the 15-month interval. These fluctuations appeared to be related to the passage of large-scale, northeast-southwest trending sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly features reported for FASINEX, which were surface manifestations of large-scale, first-mode baroclinic Rossby waves. The rms amplitude of the OA-derived features was maximal (minimal) during periods of negative (positive) SST anomaly, when the depths of the mixed layer and main thermocline in the upper ocean shoaled (deepened). The fluctuations also appeared to be correlated with the structure of the field. Periods of decreased features amplitudes corresponded to a "closely packed" structure, while during times of increased amplitudes, the field structure became "zonal" with regions of alternating sign. During FASINEX (January-June 1986) the field was characterized by the closely packed structure and decreasing feature amplitudes. This corresponded to the period of positive SST anomaly and high upper ocean heat content reported for FASINEX. RP NOAA, NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, 28 TARZWELL DR, NARRAGANSETT, RI 02882 USA. NR 55 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 15 PY 1991 VL 96 IS C12 BP 22087 EP + DI 10.1029/91JC02461 PG 1 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA GW576 UT WOS:A1991GW57600010 ER PT J AU LAU, NC NATH, MJ AF LAU, NC NATH, MJ TI VARIABILITY OF THE BAROCLINIC AND BAROTROPIC TRANSIENT EDDY FORCING ASSOCIATED WITH MONTHLY CHANGES IN THE MIDLATITUDE STORM TRACKS SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID HEMISPHERE WINTERTIME CIRCULATION; TIME-MEAN FLOW; NORTHERN HEMISPHERE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; LIFE-CYCLES; GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT; EDDIES; ANOMALIES; BLOCKING; WAVES AB The heat and vorticity transports by synoptic-scale eddies at various levels between 1000 and 100 mb have been compiled for each winter month of the 1966-84 period using time-filtered daily analyses produced by the U.S. National Meteorological Center. These circulation statistics were used to compute the three-dimensional distributions of the quasigeostrophic geopotential tendency and vertical motion induced by baroclinic and barotropic eddy processes in individual months. The latter fields serve as the basis for describing the synoptic-scale eddy forcing associated with the leading modes of month-to-month variability of the storm tracks over the North Pacific and North Atlantic. These modes are associated with the meridional displacements of the storm-track axes from their climatological positions. The placement of a storm track at a certain latitude phi in a certain month is accompanied by enhanced convergence of eddy heat fluxes poleward of phi. In the tropospheric column poleward of the storm track, this baroclinic eddy forcing leads to positive geopotential tendency near the tropopause and negative geopotential tendency near sea level, as well as strong positive temperature tendency and rising motion. In the same month, the convergence of eddy vorticity transport is also enhanced poleward of phi. This barotropic forcing results in negative geopotential tendency throughout the troposphere, as well as rising motion and weak negative temperature tendency poleward of phi. All of these features appear with reversed polarity in latitudes equatorward of phi. In the upper troposphere, the geopotential tendency induced by vorticity fluxes is stronger than the opposing effects due to heat fluxes, so that the net eddy forcing retains most of the characteristics of the forcing associated with barotropic processes alone, but with considerably reduced amplitudes. Near sea level, the geopotential tendencies induced by heat and vorticity fluxes reinforce each other and are comparable in amplitude. Throughout the troposphere, the patterns of net geopotential tendency exhibit a positive spatial correlation with those of the concurrent monthly averaged height anomaly. The characteristic time scale associated with this constructive eddy forcing in the storm-track region ranges from several days at 1000 mb, to 1-2 months near the tropopause. On the other hand, the eddy-induced temperature tendency is negatively correlated with the local monthly mean temperature anomaly. The dissipative time scale for this thermal forcing in the storm-track region is approximately 10 days at 850 mb. The barotropic geopotential tendency and the baroclinic temperature tendency are essentially determined by the convergences of vorticity and heat fluxes, respectively. The eddy-induced secondary circulation plays a minor role in these tendencies. RP LAU, NC (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,NOAA,POB 308,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA. NR 38 TC 107 Z9 115 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD DEC 15 PY 1991 VL 48 IS 24 BP 2589 EP 2613 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1991)048<2589:VOTBAB>2.0.CO;2 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HA299 UT WOS:A1991HA29900004 ER PT J AU SAFFMAN, M BENKERT, C ANDERSON, DZ AF SAFFMAN, M BENKERT, C ANDERSON, DZ TI SELF-ORGANIZING PHOTOREFRACTIVE FREQUENCY DEMULTIPLEXER SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We demonstrate a self-organizing photorefractive circuit that demultiplexes a beam that has two signals imposed on separate optical carrier frequencies into two beams, each containing one of the signals on its carrier. Unlike conventional demultiplexing techniques, this method requires little a priori knowledge about the carrier frequencies. The signal channels must be spatially uncorrelated, and their frequency separation must be more than the photorefractive response bandwidth (hertz to kilohertz). The optical circuit uses no local oscillator, and the photorefractive response bandwidth places no upper bound on the channel bandwidth. Experimental results for demultiplexing a beam that has two signals, with a BaTiO3 circuit, show contrast ratios of better than 40:1 at the outputs. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80302. RP SAFFMAN, M (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,DEPT PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. RI Saffman, Mark/A-8120-2009 OI Saffman, Mark/0000-0001-6398-2097 NR 9 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 1991 VL 16 IS 24 BP 1993 EP 1995 DI 10.1364/OL.16.001993 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA GY731 UT WOS:A1991GY73100028 PM 19784206 ER PT J AU OBRIEN, WL JIA, J DONG, QY CALLCOTT, TA MUELLER, DL EDERER, DL SHINN, ND WORONICK, SC AF OBRIEN, WL JIA, J DONG, QY CALLCOTT, TA MUELLER, DL EDERER, DL SHINN, ND WORONICK, SC TI DECAY CHANNELS OF AL L2,3 EXCITONS AND THE ABSENCE OF O-K-EXCITONS IN ALPHA-AL2O3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ALKALI-HALIDES; CORE EXCITONS; ABSORPTION AB The Al L2,3 and O K thresholds for single-crystal alpha-Al2O3 have been studied by photoemission. Energy-distribution curves, constant-initial-state (CIS), and constant-final-state (CFS) spectra are reported and compared to the absorption spectrum reported previously. An exciton appears as a doublet at threshold in the Al L2,3 CFS, CIS, and absorption spectra. The details of the Al L2,3 CFS spectrum and absorption spectrum are similar, while the exciton is the only feature present in the CIS spectrum. Comparisons of the various Al L2,3 spectra allow the probabilities of different exciton decay channels to be determined. The probability for nonradiative direct recombination of the exciton is found to be (8 +/- 1)% and the probability for Auger decay of the exciton is found to be (72 +/- 20)%. Comparisons of the O K CIS and CFS spectra suggest that no O K exciton is formed. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. SANDIA NATL LABS,DIV 1114,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. CORNELL UNIV,ITHACA,NY 14850. RP OBRIEN, WL (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996, USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 15 PY 1991 VL 44 IS 24 BP 13277 EP 13282 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.44.13277 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA GX682 UT WOS:A1991GX68200009 ER PT J AU GADZUK, JW AF GADZUK, JW TI INELASTIC RESONANCE SCATTERING, TUNNELING, AND DESORPTION SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONICALLY STIMULATED DESORPTION; DRIVEN SURFACE-REACTIONS; ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; X-RAY-SPECTRA; DIATOMIC-MOLECULES; VIBRATIONAL-EXCITATION; LINE-SHAPES; PHONON RELAXATION; EMISSION EDGES; SOLVABLE MODEL AB Excitation of a localized oscillator or phonon due to transient charge transfer into and out of electronic states linearly coupled to the oscillator is considered within several different contexts. Specifically, the basic physical content of the mechanisms responsible for phonon broadening in core-level spectroscopy, intramolecular vibrational excitation in resonant electron scattering, phonon excitation in resonant electron tunneling through quantum-well heterostructures, and hot-electron-induced resonant desorption is shown to be similar. Existing exact solutions to the scattering and tunneling problems are here adapted to resonant desorption and numerical consequences-such as excitation and desorption probabilities and translational energy distribution-are obtained. These results and insights are considered in the light of a semiclassical wave-packet-dynamics model, which previously had been developed to account for observed nonthermal, laser-induced desorption in the system NO/Pt(111). RP GADZUK, JW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 85 TC 148 Z9 148 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 15 PY 1991 VL 44 IS 24 BP 13466 EP 13477 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.44.13466 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA GX682 UT WOS:A1991GX68200030 ER PT J AU LUCZKOVICH, JJ WATTERS, GM OLLA, BL AF LUCZKOVICH, JJ WATTERS, GM OLLA, BL TI SEASONAL-VARIATION IN USAGE OF A COMMON SHELTER RESOURCE BY JUVENILE INQUILINE SNAILFISH (LIPARIS-INQUILINUS) AND RED HAKE (UROPHYCIS-CHUSS) SO COPEIA LA English DT Note ID RECRUITMENT; GROWTH C1 E CAROLINA UNIV,INST COASTAL & MARINE RESOURCES,GREENVILLE,NC 27858. UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH FISHERIES,SEATTLE,WA 98195. OREGON STATE UNIV,NOAA,NMFS,MATFIELD MARINE SCI CTR,COOPERAT INST MARINE RESOURCE STUDIES,NEWPORT,OR 97365. RP LUCZKOVICH, JJ (reprint author), E CAROLINA UNIV,DEPT BIOL,GREENVILLE,NC 27858, USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS BUSINESS OFFICE PI CARBONDALE PA SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIV, DEPT ZOOLOGY, CARBONDALE, IL 62901-6501 SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD DEC 13 PY 1991 IS 4 BP 1104 EP 1109 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA GW221 UT WOS:A1991GW22100024 ER PT J AU PELLEGRINO, J QADRI, S TSENG, W COMAS, J AF PELLEGRINO, J QADRI, S TSENG, W COMAS, J TI PERIODICITIES ASSOCIATED WITH LOW-ORDER ALAS/GAAS SUPERLATTICES SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON METALLURGICAL COATINGS AND THIN FILMS CY APR 22-26, 1991 CL SAN DIEGO, CA ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION AB The use of molecular beam epitaxy to produce heterostructures has made it possible to better study superlattices with monolayer and submonolayer period spacings. In this work we examine the physical properties for the superlattice system (GaAs)n1(AlAs)n2/GaAs(001) for low values of n1 and n2, i.e. n1 = n2 = 3.6,12. Normal, interrupted growth, and migration-enhanced epitaxy growth techniques were used to grow the superlattice structures and the X-ray diffraction spectra were obtained and the major and satellite peak positions analyzed. An analysis of the major diffraction peaks and their associated satellites exhibited superlattice periodicity in good agreement with theory. Diffraction peaks were also observed in regions adjacent to the primary diffraction peaks which did not occur in the expected satellite positions. An analysis of these peaks relative to the primary peaks indicates periodicities which are greater than the intended period. One possible cause for these periodicities is variations in growth conditions which occur while the superlattice is being grown. An understanding of low-order superlattices is important for structures which are dependent on interface sharpness. C1 USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP PELLEGRINO, J (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG 225,RM A-305,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD DEC 10 PY 1991 VL 206 IS 1-2 BP 40 EP 46 DI 10.1016/0040-6090(91)90390-J PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA GZ322 UT WOS:A1991GZ32200007 ER PT J AU SEMANCIK, S CAVICCHI, RE AF SEMANCIK, S CAVICCHI, RE TI THE GROWTH OF THIN, EPITAXIAL SNO2 FILMS FOR GAS SENSING APPLICATIONS SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON METALLURGICAL COATINGS AND THIN FILMS CY APR 22-26, 1991 CL SAN DIEGO, CA ID CHEMICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; TIN AB Reactive r.f. sputter deposition was used to grow epitaxial tin oxide (SnO2) films on TiO2 and sapphire substrates. Films were fabricated in an ultrahigh vacuum based system using high purity 02 and argon gases. Epitaxial films were obtained at deposition temperatures of 500-degrees-C and growth rates of 4-10 amgstrom min-1. The SnO2 films were pure and appeared to be stoichiometric. X-ray and low energy electron diffraction indicated that most of the films were crystalline and in registry with the substrates Primary orientations observed on the various substrates included: (110) on TiO2(110), (100) on sapphire(0001), and (101) on sapphire(11BAR02). Films grown at 30-degrees-C were not epitaxial. In situ conductance measurements were used to investigate the electrical behavior of the various films. As a demonstration of one potential application of epitaxial SnO2, we measured the response characteristics of a palladium-modified film grown on sapphire under a model sensing cycle of gas treatments. The gas-induced conductance changes were comparable with those observed for a similarly modified SnO2(110) single crystal. RP SEMANCIK, S (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV PROC MEASUREMENTS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 16 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD DEC 10 PY 1991 VL 206 IS 1-2 BP 81 EP 87 DI 10.1016/0040-6090(91)90397-G PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA GZ322 UT WOS:A1991GZ32200014 ER PT J AU SHI, DL SALEMSUGUI, S WANG, ZN GOODRICH, LF DOU, SX LIU, HK GUO, YC SORRELL, CC AF SHI, DL SALEMSUGUI, S WANG, ZN GOODRICH, LF DOU, SX LIU, HK GUO, YC SORRELL, CC TI CRITICAL CURRENTS IN SILVER-SHEATHED (BI,PB)2SR2CA2CU3O10-Y SUPERCONDUCTING TAPES SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL CURRENT-DENSITY; WIRES; YBA2CU3O7-X AB Nearly 95 vol % of the 110 K superconducting phase was formed by lead doping in a Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system. The processed 110 K superconducting powders were used to produce long silver-sheathed tapes with a highly textured microstructure by rolling and prolonged sintering. The transport critical current density was measured at 4.0 K to be 0.7 X 10(5) A/cm2 (the corresponding critical current is 74 A) at zero field and 1.6 X 10(4) A/cm2 at 12 T for H parallel-to ab. At 76 K, the critical current density reached a value of approximately 1 X 10(4) A/cm2 at zero field for H parallel-to ab and gradually decreased to 419 A/cm2 at 1 T. Excellent grain alignment in the a-b plane led to greatly improved critical current densities under a magnetic field. The relationship between the transport properties and the microstructure of the tapes is discussed. C1 NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV NEW S WALES,SCH MAT SCI & ENGN,KENSINGTON,NSW 2033,AUSTRALIA. RP SHI, DL (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. RI Dou, Shi Xue/D-5179-2012; Liu, Hua/G-1349-2012 OI Dou, Shi Xue/0000-0003-3824-7693; Liu, Hua/0000-0002-0253-647X NR 20 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 9 PY 1991 VL 59 IS 24 BP 3171 EP 3173 DI 10.1063/1.105774 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA GT899 UT WOS:A1991GT89900034 ER PT J AU SERAPHIN, S KRAUSE, SJ ROITMAN, P SIMONS, DS CORDTS, BF AF SERAPHIN, S KRAUSE, SJ ROITMAN, P SIMONS, DS CORDTS, BF TI EFFECT OF ANNEALING AMBIENT ON THE REMOVAL OF OXIDE PRECIPITATES IN HIGH-DOSE OXYGEN IMPLANTED SILICON SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN; DIOXIDE AB The effect of annealing ambient on the precipitate removal processes in high-dose oxygen implanted silicon [separation by implantation of oxygen (SIMOX)] has been studied with transmission electron microscopy, electron energy-loss spectroscopy, and secondary ion mass spectroscopy. The rate of removal of oxide precipitates from the top silicon layer in SIMOX is higher during annealing in argon than in nitrogen. The removal is reduced in nitrogen due to the formation of an oxynitride complex at the precipitate surfaces which inhibits oxygen diffusion across the interfaces. Similar effects have been observed for oxide precipitation during nitrogen ambient annealing in bulk silicon. C1 ARIZONA STATE UNIV, DEPT BIO & MAT ENGN, TEMPE, AZ 85287 USA. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. IBIS TECHNOL CORP, DANVERS, MA 01923 USA. RP UNIV ARIZONA, DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 2 PY 1991 VL 59 IS 23 BP 3003 EP 3005 DI 10.1063/1.105825 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA GT017 UT WOS:A1991GT01700028 ER PT J AU MORELAND, J RICE, P RUSSEK, SE JEANNERET, B ROSHKO, A ONO, RH RUDMAN, DA AF MORELAND, J RICE, P RUSSEK, SE JEANNERET, B ROSHKO, A ONO, RH RUDMAN, DA TI SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY OF THE SURFACE-MORPHOLOGY OF YBA2CU3OX THIN-FILMS BETWEEN 300K AND 76K SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL; GROWTH AB Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images of YBa2Cu3Ox (YBCO) thin films show different growth mechanisms depending on the deposition method and substrate material. We present images of YBCO films sputter deposited onto MgO and SrTiO3, and laser ablated onto LaAlO3 showing screw dislocation and ledge growth mechanisms. At room temperature we observed an anomalous tunneling conductance near the edge of growth steps which causes a large apparent step-edge height in the STM image. This effect decreases with decreasing temperature, so that the step height approaches the expected value for one unit cell of 1.2 nm at 76 K. This phenomenon reflects changes in either the surface tunneling barrier or tunneling density of states upon cooling. RP MORELAND, J (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 11 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 2 PY 1991 VL 59 IS 23 BP 3039 EP 3041 DI 10.1063/1.105786 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA GT017 UT WOS:A1991GT01700040 ER PT J AU CHASON, JW BALDOCCHI, DD HUSTON, MA AF CHASON, JW BALDOCCHI, DD HUSTON, MA TI A COMPARISON OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT METHODS FOR ESTIMATING FOREST CANOPY LEAF-AREA SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID OAK HICKORY FOREST; DIRECT SUNLIGHT; DECIDUOUS FOREST; TRANSMISSION; RADIATION; ANGLE; MODEL; INDEX AB Two indirect gap fraction methods for estimating leaf area index (LAI) are compared with estimates from litterfall collections in a mixed-age oak-hickory forest. One indirect method uses averaged, direct beam penetration data obtained with a moving tram. The second uses a portable light sensor system that measures diffuse light penetration for five sky sectors between zenith angles 0 and 75-degrees. Data were collected from September 1989 to January 1990. The Poisson model and the negative binomial model of gap frequency were applied to estimate LAI from observed transmittances. With the Poisson model, an assumption of a random leaf spatial distribution contributes to an underestimation of LAI by as much as 45%; this is because leaves at this site are actually clumped at both large and small scales. The negative binomial, which requires determination of a clumping parameter, produces estimates comparable with those of the litterfall method. Both indirect techniques accurately describe temporal changes in leaf area using either the Poisson or negative binomial model. The portable system also allows easy estimation of the spatial variation in leaf area within the site or between sites, and it can be used to obtain a vertical profile of leaf area. C1 NOAA,DIV ATMOSPHER TURBULENCE & DIFFUS,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP CHASON, JW (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Huston, Michael/B-1434-2009; Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009 OI Huston, Michael/0000-0001-9513-1166; Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919 NR 28 TC 167 Z9 199 U1 2 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 57 IS 1-3 BP 107 EP 128 DI 10.1016/0168-1923(91)90081-Z PG 22 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GW144 UT WOS:A1991GW14400008 ER PT J AU MARGOLIS, SA ZIEGLER, RG HELZLSOUER, KJ AF MARGOLIS, SA ZIEGLER, RG HELZLSOUER, KJ TI ASCORBIC AND DEHYDROASCORBIC ACID MEASUREMENT IN HUMAN SERUM AND PLASMA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON ASCORBIC ACID : BIOLOGIC FUNCTIONS AND RELATION TO CANCER CY SEP 10-12, 1990 CL NIH, BETHESDA, MD SP NCI, NIDDKD HO NIH DE ASCORBIC; DEHYDROASCORBIC; HUMAN SERUM; STABILITY; REFERENCE MATERIALS; CANCER-FREE FEMALES; JUVENILE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; LABORATORY PERFORMANCE; WHOLE BLOOD ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; VITAMIN-C; ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION; SMOKERS AB Plasma supplemented with ascorbic acid was prepared; the stability of these samples was characterized and the accuracy of the supplementation was established. Studies on the accuracy, precision, and sources of methodological bias in the measurement of ascorbic acid were summarized. Measurements of the ratio of ascorbic acid to dehydroascorbic acid in clinical samples was evaluated and was shown to be relatively constant in plasma taken from blood stored at 12-degrees-C for 6 h. These results imply that whole blood has the capacity to maintain a constant ascorbic-dehydroascorbic acid ratio and suggest that this ratio may be of physiological significance. C1 NCI,ROCKVILLE,MD. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. RP MARGOLIS, SA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG 222,ROOM A158,QUINCE ORCHARD RD,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [Y01-CP9-0506] NR 24 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 54 IS 6 SU S BP S1315 EP S1318 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA GU397 UT WOS:A1991GU39700039 PM 1962589 ER PT J AU MICHIELS, FPL ADAMS, FCV BRIGHT, DS SIMONS, DS AF MICHIELS, FPL ADAMS, FCV BRIGHT, DS SIMONS, DS TI CHARACTERIZATION OF SAMPLE HETEROGENEITY IN SECONDARY ION MASS-SPECTROMETRY BY THE USE OF A SAMPLING CONSTANT MODEL SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MICROPROBE ANALYSIS; IMAGES; SYSTEM; HOMOGENEITY; ACQUISITION; MICROSCOPY; ERROR AB An In-depth study was undertaken to evaluate the applicability of the sampling constant concept for the characterization of heterogeneity of elemental distributions in ion microscopy. A new model, which takes into account the intensity spread of inclusions, is described. The model is tested on low alloy steel and brass standard reference samples, relying on image registration with a resistive anode encoder and image analysis. The agreement between the model and the experimental results is satisfactory. C1 UNIV INSTELLING ANTWERP,DEPT CHEM,UNIV PL 1,B-2610 WILRIJK,BELGIUM. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CTR ANALYT CHEM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 1 PY 1991 VL 63 IS 23 BP 2727 EP 2734 DI 10.1021/ac00023a013 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA GR840 UT WOS:A1991GR84000014 ER PT J AU WIDMAN, JC RHODES, EW AF WIDMAN, JC RHODES, EW TI NURSERY CULTURE OF THE BAY SCALLOP, ARGOPECTEN-IRRADIANS-IRRADIANS, IN SUSPENDED MESH NETS SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID AQUACULTURE AB Scallops were suspended subtidally in pyramid-shaped (pearl) nets in Long Island Sound, Milford, Connecticut, USA to assess effects of density and temperature at deployment on growth and survival. Juveniles as small as 4 mm were grown at densities ranging from 250 to 15 000/m2. There was an inverse relationship between the size of the scallops and the density that affected growth. Scallops with a mean shell height of 16-17 mm exhibited no reduction in growth when held at densities as high as 7500/m2. Similarly, scallops with mean shell heights of 24 to 25 mm exhibited no reduction in growth when held at densities as high as 2500/m2. Growth of scallops held at biovolumes as high as 1.1 1/net was not affected substantially. Survival typically exceeded 80%, and was not affected by density. Different size groups of juvenile bay scallops were deployed at ambient temperatures of 5, 11.5 and 14-degrees-C. Survival for all but one group was greater than 80%. Deploying scallops early in the season at temperatures lower than 14-degrees-C appears to have no advantage relative to growth. RP WIDMAN, JC (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES CTR,MILFORD LAB,212 ROGERS AVE,MILFORD,CT 06460, USA. NR 19 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD DEC PY 1991 VL 99 IS 3-4 BP 257 EP 267 DI 10.1016/0044-8486(91)90246-4 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA GU210 UT WOS:A1991GU21000006 ER PT J AU BEGELMAN, MC DEKOOL, M SIKORA, M AF BEGELMAN, MC DEKOOL, M SIKORA, M TI OUTFLOWS DRIVEN BY COSMIC-RAY PRESSURE IN BROAD ABSORPTION-LINE QSOS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE COSMIC RAYS, GENERAL; HYDRODYNAMICS; LINE PROFILES; PARTICLE ACCELERATION; QUASARS ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; X-RAY; THERMAL-INSTABILITY; SPHERICAL CLOUDS; HOT GAS; QUASARS; EMISSION; ACCELERATION; EVAPORATION; REGIONS AB We present a model that can explain many features of the very fast (approximately 0.1c) outflows that are observed in broad absorption line QSOs (BALQSOs). In our model the wind is accelerated primarily by the pressure of ultrarelativistic protons. These protons are deposited in the wind, over a range of radii, by the decay of ultrarelativistic neutrons escaping from the central engine. Recent models for nonthermal processes in the central engines of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) predict a neutron luminosity which can exceed a few percent of the radiation flux, which is more than adequate to accelerate the wind. Since the energy deposition is predicted to peak at distances of order 1-10 pc, the main acceleration will occur outside the broad emission line region, as seems to be required by observations. The absorbing gas occupies a very small fraction of the volume of the wind, and must be confined by it. Keeping this gas sufficiently cool in the radiation field from the central source requires that the pressure in the absorbing clouds or filaments be higher than a certain value. Since the relativistic protons can pass right through the clouds, the confinement of the clouds is most likely to be due to thermal pressure in the wind. This is possible only if the energy of the ultrarelativistic protons can be converted to thermal energy with a high efficiency. We suggest that this might be accomplished through the excitation and subsequent damping of Alfven waves, or by a turbulent wind structure containing shocks that will drive the thermal and cosmic-ray energy densities to equipartition. We discuss and evaluate the plausibility of other confinement mechanisms as well. A simple model in which the absorption is caused by a fine spray of cloudlets, comoving with the wind and in pressure equilibrium with it, can reproduce a wide variety of BAL profiles similar to those that are observed. Line profiles prove to be more sensitive to ionization effects than to the details of the wind dynamics, thus making it difficult to derive the dynamical properties of the wind from the line profiles. We find that a self-consistent treatment of internal absorption in the wind can play an important role, both in reproducing the observed ionization levels and in explaining certain line features. Finally we discuss the formation, acceleration, and survival of the absorbing cloudlets. We argue that the absorbing gas is probably entrained into the wind near its base, and must survive the acceleration. The clouds are forced to comove with the wind by a combination of hydrodynamic drag and line radiation pressure, and are susceptible to dynamical instabilities, as well as thermal evaporation in the hot ambient medium. We point out difficulties with models in which clouds are continuously destroyed and re-form through thermal instability, and suggest several effects which may allow clouds to survive the various destructive influences. The small solid angle apparently subtended by absorbing gas in a BALQSO could reflect a nonspherical distribution of sources for the entrained matter (e.g., a disk or a flattened distribution of large clouds). C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. POLISH ACAD SCI,N COPERNICUS ASTRON CTR,PL-00716 WARSAW,POLAND. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT ASTROPHYS PLANETARY & ATMOSPHER SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP BEGELMAN, MC (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 41 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 1991 VL 382 IS 2 BP 416 EP 432 DI 10.1086/170731 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA GR012 UT WOS:A1991GR01200006 ER PT J AU OHMAN, MD THEILACKER, GH KAUPP, SE AF OHMAN, MD THEILACKER, GH KAUPP, SE TI IMMUNOCHEMICAL DETECTION OF PREDATION ON CILIATE PROTISTS BY LARVAE OF THE NORTHERN ANCHOVY (ENGRAULIS-MORDAX) SO BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; FOOD; MICROPLANKTON; ZOOPLANKTON; IMMUNOASSAY; COASTAL; WATERS C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR FAKC1,SEATTLE,WA 98115. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. RI Ohman, Mark/C-8763-2009 NR 28 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY PI WOODS HOLE PA BIOLOGICAL BULL MBL STREET, WOODS HOLE, MA 02543 SN 0006-3185 J9 BIOL BULL JI Biol. Bull. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 181 IS 3 BP 500 EP 504 DI 10.2307/1542370 PG 5 WC Biology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA LA252 UT WOS:A1991LA25200015 ER PT J AU PENNINGTON, M AF PENNINGTON, M TI ON TESTING THE ROBUSTNESS OF LOGNORMAL-BASED ESTIMATORS SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Letter RP PENNINGTON, M (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,WOODS HOLE LAB,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 2 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL BIOMETRIC SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 808 17TH ST NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3910 SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD DEC PY 1991 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1623 EP 1623 PG 1 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA GY512 UT WOS:A1991GY51200040 ER PT J AU HAYDEN, CM SCHMIT, TJ AF HAYDEN, CM SCHMIT, TJ TI THE ANTICIPATED SOUNDING CAPABILITIES OF GOES-I AND BEYOND SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID VAS; FORECASTS; CHANNELS; LEVEL AB One aspect of the modernized observational capability of the National Weather Service will be geostationary sounding of temperature and moisture from GOES-I, currently scheduled for launch in 1992.1 The capability has evolved from ten years of research with the VISSR (Visible Infrared Spin Scan Radiometer) Atmospheric Sounder (VAS). This article summarizes that evolution and describes the initial operational sounder products expected of GOES-I. The effect on products caused by problems in meeting performance specifications are discussed. The outlook for follow-on sounders in the next series (circa 2000) of GOES is also briefly treated. C1 COOPERAT INST METEOROL SATELLITE STUDIES,MADISON,WI. RP HAYDEN, CM (reprint author), NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,SYST DESIGN & APPLICAT BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. RI Schmit, Timothy/F-5624-2010 NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 72 IS 12 BP 1835 EP 1846 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1991)072<1835:TASCOG>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GX180 UT WOS:A1991GX18000001 ER PT J AU SCHWARTZ, BE DOSWELL, CA AF SCHWARTZ, BE DOSWELL, CA TI NORTH-AMERICAN RAWINSONDE OBSERVATIONS - PROBLEMS, CONCERNS, AND A CALL TO ACTION SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Meteorologists, like most scientists, often use observational data assuming the necessary steps have been taken to ensure that the quality of the data has been properly controlled. Experience developing an archive of upper-air observations from historical and real-time data suggests that some of the steps necessary to assure the basic scientific integrity of these data have not, in fact, been taken. This is especially so in recent years, since the introduction of automation into data observing and processing. Some of the problems and issues related to the observation, collection, and archiving of upper-air data are discussed. The intent of this paper is to stimulate dialogue within the upper-air-data-user community about these issues so that appropriate action can be formulated and implemented. C1 NOAA,ERL,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,NORMAN,OK 73069. RP SCHWARTZ, BE (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,FORECAST SYST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Doswell III, Charles/E-7662-2010 NR 23 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 72 IS 12 BP 1885 EP 1904 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1991)072<1885:NAROPC>2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GX180 UT WOS:A1991GX18000005 ER PT J AU GORE, JP SKINNER, SM AF GORE, JP SKINNER, SM TI MIXING RULES FOR STATE RELATIONSHIPS OF METHANE AND ACETYLENE AIR DIFFUSION FLAMES SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article ID TOTAL RADIATION PROPERTIES; NONPREMIXED COMBUSTION AB Measurements of concentrations of major gas species in laminar diffusion flames burning mixtures of CH4 and C2H2 in air are reported. The results are interpreted in terms of the laminar flamelet concept. Two methods of estimating the state relationships of fuel mixtures were evaluated. Overall, a mixing rule that utilizes the information concerning the state relationships of the individual fuels provides better estimates of species concentrations in flames burning fuel mixtures than the generalized state relationships. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT MECH ENGN,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CTR FIRE RES,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP GORE, JP (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,SCH MECH ENGN,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD DEC PY 1991 VL 87 IS 3-4 BP 357 EP 364 DI 10.1016/0010-2180(91)90119-V PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA GZ017 UT WOS:A1991GZ01700011 ER PT J AU DILLER, DE ARAGON, AS LAESECKE, A AF DILLER, DE ARAGON, AS LAESECKE, A TI MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF COMPRESSED LIQUID AIR AT TEMPERATURES BETWEEN 70-K AND 130-K SO CRYOGENICS LA English DT Note DE VISCOSITY; MEASURING TECHNIQUES; LIQUID AIR AB The shear viscosity coefficient of compressed liquid air has been measured at temperatures between 70 and 130 K and at pressures up to 30 MPa with a torsional crystal viscometer. The fluidity (viscosity-1) increases linearly with molar volume at fixed temperature and increases weakly with temperature at fixed volume. The data have been correlated with an empirical fluidity - volume equation. The data are in good agreement with an extended corresponding states model, except at the highest densities. RP DILLER, DE (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0011-2275 J9 CRYOGENICS JI Cryogenics PD DEC PY 1991 VL 31 IS 12 BP 1070 EP 1072 DI 10.1016/0011-2275(91)90130-O PG 3 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA GQ321 UT WOS:A1991GQ32100010 ER PT J AU SYDEMAN, WJ HUBER, HR EMSLIE, SD RIBIC, CA NUR, N AF SYDEMAN, WJ HUBER, HR EMSLIE, SD RIBIC, CA NUR, N TI AGE-SPECIFIC WEANING SUCCESS OF NORTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS IN RELATION TO PREVIOUS BREEDING EXPERIENCE SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GULL LARUS-CALIFORNICUS; TITS PARUS-MAJOR; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; GREAT TITS; MIROUNGA-ANGUSTIROSTRIS; CLUTCH SIZE; RED DEER; SURVIVAL; AGGRESSION; INVESTMENT AB We studied the effect of age and previous breeding experience on the probability of successful reproduction in female northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris). Reproductive data, collected over a 12-yr period, were analyzed by multiple logistic regression to describe the functional relationships among the variables. We also examined the relationships among age, experience, date of breeding, and reproductive success to determine if differences in timing explain age-specific productivity. Finally, we investigated the relationship among age, experience, and maternal behavior to determine if correlates of reproductive effort could be related to age- and experience-specific patterns of reproductive success. Reproductive success increased between the maternal ages of 3 and 7 yr and then levelled off, demonstrating an asymptotic relationship. However, the relationship between reproductive success and age, after statistically controlling for previous experience, showed instead that success increased linearly throughout an animal's lifetime. In contrast, after statistically controlling for age, reproductive success was related to experience in a parabolic fashion; success increased with experience for the first few breeding attempts, but declined later in an animal's reproductive lifetime. The effects of experience depended on age: among young animals experience was apparently beneficial, but among old animals greater experience was deleterious. These results suggest experience-related senescence. Timing of breeding was related to experience, rather than age, in a curvilinear fashion; arrival and parturition dates were later for inexperienced and very experienced females, and were earliest for moderately experienced animals. Young animals that gave birth later in the season experienced reduced reproductive success; we observed no such decline in older animals. Thus, among young females, arriving and giving birth earlier each year was adaptive. Aggressiveness and dominance increased with age and experience, but we were unable to separate the effects of age and experience. We contend that the experience-related drop in reproductive success reflects the cost of reproduction. Breeding at a young age and/or continuously appears to result in lower reproductive success later in life. Furthermore, curvature in age-specific reproductive success can be explained by experience-related senescence. This result has general applicability, suggesting that age-related senescence instead may be due to reproductive ''burn-out.'' These results indicate that previous breeding experience and differences in individual quality do not explain the pattern of increasing reproductive success with age in northern elephant seals, and provide indirect support for the hypothesis that animals increase reproductive effort as they age to offset a concomitant decrease in residual reproductive value. C1 NATL MARINE MAMMAL LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98115. US EPA,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP SYDEMAN, WJ (reprint author), POINT REYES BIRD OBSERV,4990 SHORELINE HIGHWAY,STINSON BEACH,CA 94970, USA. NR 57 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 4 U2 21 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD DEC PY 1991 VL 72 IS 6 BP 2204 EP 2217 DI 10.2307/1941571 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GV769 UT WOS:A1991GV76900027 ER PT J AU HERZIG, PM HANNINGTON, MD SCOTT, SD MALIOTIS, G RONA, PA THOMPSON, G AF HERZIG, PM HANNINGTON, MD SCOTT, SD MALIOTIS, G RONA, PA THOMPSON, G TI GOLD-RICH SEA-FLOOR GOSSANS IN THE TROODOS OPHIOLITE AND ON THE MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Note ID CYPRUS SULFIDE DEPOSITS; MASSIVE SULFIDES; ORIGIN; TAG; CHEMISTRY; SNAKEPIT; COMPLEX; GLASSES; SILVER C1 GEOL SURVEY CANADA,OTTAWA K1A 0E8,ONTARIO,CANADA. UNIV TORONTO,DEPT GEOL,MARINE GEOL RES LAB,TORONTO M5S 3B1,ONTARIO,CANADA. HELLEN MIN CO,NICOSIA,CYPRUS. NOAA,MIAMI,FL 33149. WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. RP HERZIG, PM (reprint author), RHEIN WESTFAL TH AACHEN,INST MINERAL & LAGERSTATTENLEHRE,W-5100 AACHEN,GERMANY. NR 48 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 6 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI EL PASO PA UNIV TEXAS AT EL PASO ROOM 202 QUINN HALL, EL PASO, TX 79968 SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 86 IS 8 BP 1747 EP 1755 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA GY584 UT WOS:A1991GY58400011 ER PT J AU LEEMAN, WP VOCKE, RD BEARY, ES PAULSEN, PJ AF LEEMAN, WP VOCKE, RD BEARY, ES PAULSEN, PJ TI PRECISE BORON ISOTOPIC ANALYSIS OF AQUEOUS SAMPLES - ION-EXCHANGE EXTRACTION AND MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Letter ID SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION; GEOLOGICAL-MATERIALS; SEPARATION; FRACTIONATION; TOURMALINE; MARINE AB This paper presents details of an effective ion exchange method for extracting and purifying boron from aqueous fluids as well as modifications to the cesium metaborate mass spectrometric method for determining boron isotopic ratios. Using these methods, natural waters and brines may be routinely analyzed with precision and accuracy on the order of 0.25 parts per thousand (2-sigma), as indicated by analyses of standards and samples taken through the full separation procedure. We review and compare the essential methods used previously for boron isotopic analysis and discuss factors that adversely affect analytical precision and accuracy. C1 NIST,DIV INORGAN ANALYT CHEM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP LEEMAN, WP (reprint author), RICE UNIV,KEITH WIESS GEOL LABS,HOUSTON,TX 77251, USA. NR 32 TC 48 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD DEC PY 1991 VL 55 IS 12 BP 3901 EP 3907 DI 10.1016/0016-7037(91)90085-J PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA GX549 UT WOS:A1991GX54900036 ER PT J AU RONA, PA PALMER, DR JONES, C CHAYES, DA CZARNECKI, M CAREY, EW GUERRERO, JC AF RONA, PA PALMER, DR JONES, C CHAYES, DA CZARNECKI, M CAREY, EW GUERRERO, JC TI ACOUSTIC IMAGING OF HYDROTHERMAL PLUMES, EAST PACIFIC RISE, 21-DEGREES-N, 109-DEGREES-W SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CURRENT PROFILER OBSERVATIONS; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; DE-FUCA RIDGE; MASSIVE SULFIDE; HOT SPRINGS; OCEAN; VENTS; FLOW; DEPOSITS; CREST AB We report the first observations based on acoustic imaging of large-scale structure and time variability of buoyant plumes emanating from black smoker-type seafloor hot springs. Three-dimensional plume reconstructions were made from a digital data set of acoustic backscattering information recorded on a prototype submersible-mounted sonar system. The acoustic images of two adjacent black smokers depict volume and show zones of flow organization (meters to tens of meters) in the lower 40 m of the buoyant plumes. The two plumes coalesce, bend in the prevailing current, exhibit short-term (minutes) variation in cross section, and rapid (seconds) turbulent eddy variations at small scales (< 1 m). The plume imaging system is being developed for determination of plume dynamics, flux determinations when combined with chemical and thermal measurements, and long-term monitoring of the activity of seafloor hydrothermal fields. C1 USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. NATL AUTONOMOUS UNIV MEXICO,INST GEOL,MEXICO CITY 04510,DF,MEXICO. RP RONA, PA (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611 NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 18 IS 12 BP 2233 EP 2236 DI 10.1029/91GL02897 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA GY093 UT WOS:A1991GY09300015 ER PT J AU KARL, TR KUKLA, G RAZUVAYEV, VN CHANGERY, MJ QUAYLE, RG HEIM, RR EASTERLING, DR FU, CB AF KARL, TR KUKLA, G RAZUVAYEV, VN CHANGERY, MJ QUAYLE, RG HEIM, RR EASTERLING, DR FU, CB TI GLOBAL WARMING - EVIDENCE FOR ASYMMETRIC DIURNAL TEMPERATURE-CHANGE SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE AIR-TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE CHANGE; UNITED-STATES AB Analyses of the year-month mean maximum and minimum surface thermometric record have now been updated and expanded to cover three large countries in the Northern Hemisphere (the contiguous United States, the Soviet Union, and the People's Republic of China). They indicate that most of the warming which has occurred in these regions over the past four decades can be attributed to an increase of mean minimum (mostly nighttime) temperatures. Mean maximum (mostly daytime) temperatures display little or no warming. In the USA and the USSR (no access to data in China) similar characteristics are also reflected in the changes of extreme seasonal temperatures, e.g., increase of extreme minimum temperatures and little or no change in extreme maximum temperatures. The continuation of increasing minimum temperatures and little overall change of the maximum leads to a decrease of the mean (and extreme) temperature range, an important measure of climate variability. The cause(s) of the asymmetric diurnal changes are uncertain, but there is some evidence to suggest that changes in cloud cover plays a direct role (where increases in cloudiness result in reduced maximum and higher minimum temperatures). Regardless of the exact cause(s), these results imply that either: (1) climate model projections considering the expected change in the diurnal temperature range with increased levels of the greenhouse gases are underestimating (overestimating) the rise of the daily minimum (maximum) relative to the maximum (minimum), or (2) the observed warming in a considerable portion of the Northern Hemisphere landmass is significantly affected by factors unrelated to an enhanced anthropogenically-induced greenhouse effect. C1 COLUMBIA UNIV,LAMONT DOHERTY GEOL OBSERV,PALISADES,NY 10964. ALL UNION HYDROMETEOROL RES INST,KALUGA 249020,USSR. BEIJING UNIV,INST GEOG,BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA. RP KARL, TR (reprint author), NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,NATL CLIMAT DATA CTR,GLOBAL CLIMATE LAB,ASHEVILLE,NC 28801, USA. NR 11 TC 245 Z9 321 U1 5 U2 44 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 18 IS 12 BP 2253 EP 2256 DI 10.1029/91GL02900 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA GY093 UT WOS:A1991GY09300020 ER PT J AU LIU, SC MCKEEN, SA MADRONICH, S AF LIU, SC MCKEEN, SA MADRONICH, S TI EFFECT OF ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS ON BIOLOGICALLY-ACTIVE ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SULFUR AEROSOLS; UNITED-STATES; OZONE; VISIBILITY; CLIMATE AB Aerosols from anthropogenic sources contribute significantly to the scattering of solar radiation in the atmosphere over most populated areas. By using observed values of visual range we estimate that in non-urban areas of the industrialized countries the amount of biologically active solar radiation (UVB, 280 to 315 nm) reaching the surface has decreased by a range of 5 to 18% since the industrial revolution, primarily due to aerosols formed from emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2). The UVB reduction in the industrialized countries may have offset partly or fully the UVB increases associated with current stratospheric ozone depletion at NH continental mid-latitudes. However, this offset is not expected to continue because the SO2 emissions are leveling off in the industrialized countries. C1 NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,DIV ATMOSPHER CHEM,BOULDER,CO 80307. UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP LIU, SC (reprint author), NOAA,AERON LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20230, USA. RI McKeen, Stuart/H-9516-2013; Madronich, Sasha/D-3284-2015 OI Madronich, Sasha/0000-0003-0983-1313 NR 25 TC 109 Z9 112 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 18 IS 12 BP 2265 EP 2268 DI 10.1029/91GL02773 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA GY093 UT WOS:A1991GY09300023 ER PT J AU DESROSIERS, MF AF DESROSIERS, MF TI INVIVO ASSESSMENT OF RADIATION EXPOSURE SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Note ID FOOD AB Three workers at a San Salvador Co-60 irradiation facility were victims of a radiation accident, resulting in the amputation of a leg from two workers. The absorbed dose to bone was successfully assessed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) quantitation of radiation-induced hydroxyapatite centers. RP DESROSIERS, MF (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV IONIZING RADIAT, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 61 IS 6 BP 859 EP 861 DI 10.1097/00004032-199112000-00018 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA GT922 UT WOS:A1991GT92200018 PM 1659565 ER PT J AU KRAMER, GH INN, KGW AF KRAMER, GH INN, KGW TI A SUMMARY OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON STANDARD PHANTOMS FOR INVIVO RADIOACTIVITY MEASUREMENT SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Note C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP KRAMER, GH (reprint author), BUR RADIAT & MED DEVICES, HUMAN MONITORING LAB, 775 BROOKFIELD RD, OTTAWA K1A 1C1, ONTARIO, CANADA. NR 5 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 61 IS 6 BP 893 EP 894 DI 10.1097/00004032-199112000-00024 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA GT922 UT WOS:A1991GT92200024 PM 1955335 ER PT J AU KUHN, DR AF KUHN, DR TI IEEES POSIX - MAKING PROGRESS SO IEEE SPECTRUM LA English DT Article AB Researchers with the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Md., here review an application of open system software. Standards for such open systems are being developed within the IEEE portable operating system interface-Posix, for short. RP KUHN, DR (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20234, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9235 J9 IEEE SPECTRUM JI IEEE Spectr. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 28 IS 12 BP 36 EP 39 DI 10.1109/6.106103 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA GR818 UT WOS:A1991GR81800017 ER PT J AU Hamilton, CA Gilbert, KC AF Hamilton, Clark A. Gilbert, Kevin C. TI Margins and Yield in Single Flux Quantum Logic SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article AB Simulations are used to optimize the design of simple rapid single flux quantum (RSFQ) logic gates and to determine their margins. Optimizations based on maximizing the smallest (critical) margin result in critical margins in the range of 19-50%. A Monte Carlo approach is used to illustrate the relationship between margins and process yield. Based on single gate simulations, the results show that 1-sigma parameter spreads of less than about 5% will be required to make medium or large scale integrated RSFQ logic circuits. Finally, a single-bit full adder using five RSFQ gates and a local self-timing network is simulated with discrete components. The full adder used 2000 A/cm(2) junctions with a specific capacitance of 0.04 pF/mu m(2) and had a logic delay of 87 ps and a worst-case margin of +/- 19%. A small margin reduction results from loading which is not present in the individual gate simulations. C1 [Hamilton, Clark A.; Gilbert, Kevin C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Hamilton, CA (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 14 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 1 IS 4 BP 157 EP 163 DI 10.1109/77.107400 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA V30NY UT WOS:000208823900003 ER PT J AU ONO, RH BEALL, JA CROMAR, MW HARVEY, TE JOHANSSON, ME REINTSEMA, CD RUDMAN, DA AF ONO, RH BEALL, JA CROMAR, MW HARVEY, TE JOHANSSON, ME REINTSEMA, CD RUDMAN, DA TI RESPONSE OF HIGH RF-TC SNS JOSEPHSON MICROBRIDGES SUITABLE FOR INTEGRATED-CIRCUIT APPLICATIONS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD DEC PY 1991 VL 38 IS 12 BP 2717 EP 2717 DI 10.1109/16.158752 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA GP300 UT WOS:A1991GP30000074 ER PT J AU CONLEY, JF LENAHAN, PM ROITMAN, P AF CONLEY, JF LENAHAN, PM ROITMAN, P TI ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE STUDY OF E-TRAPPING CENTERS IN SIMOX BURIED OXIDES SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON NUCLEAR AND SPACE RADIATION EFFECTS CY JUL 15-19, 1991 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE, DEFENSE NUCL AGCY, SANDIA NATL LABS, JET PROPULS LAB ID SILICON-ON-INSULATOR; HOLE; SIO2; IMPLANTATION; DEFECTS AB We combine electron spin resonance and capacitance versus voltage measurements with vacuum ultraviolet and ultraviolet illumination sequences to study E' centers in a variety of SIMOX buried oxides. The oxides had all been annealed above 1300-degrees-C. Our results clearly show that E' centers play an important, probably dominating role in the trapping behavior of these oxides. This role is considerably different from the role that E' centers play in thermal oxides. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP CONLEY, JF (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT ENGN SCI,UNIV PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 18 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1247 EP 1252 DI 10.1109/23.124100 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA GZ173 UT WOS:A1991GZ17300027 ER PT J AU WILKINSON, DC DAUGHTRIDGE, SC STONE, JL SAUER, HH DARLING, P AF WILKINSON, DC DAUGHTRIDGE, SC STONE, JL SAUER, HH DARLING, P TI TDRS-1 SINGLE EVENT UPSETS AND THE EFFECT OF THE SPACE ENVIRONMENT SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON NUCLEAR AND SPACE RADIATION EFFECTS CY JUL 15-19, 1991 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE, DEFENSE NUCL AGCY, SANDIA NATL LABS, JET PROPULS LAB ID IMPROVED SEU MODEL; PROTONS; RATES AB The systematic recording of Single Event Upsets on TDRS-1 from 1984 to 1990 allows correlations to be drawn between those upsets and the space environment. Ground based neutron monitor data are used to illustrate the long-term relationship between galactic cosmic rays and TDRS-1 upsets. The short-term effects of energetic solar particles are illustrated with space environment data from GOES-7. C1 INTELSAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20008. CONTEL,FED SYST,CHANTILLY,VA 22021. CONTEL,FED SYST,LAS CRUCES,NM 88004. NOAA,SPACE ENVIRONM LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP WILKINSON, DC (reprint author), NOAA,NATL GEOPHYS DATA CTR,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 14 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1708 EP 1717 DI 10.1109/23.124166 PN 1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA GZ173 UT WOS:A1991GZ17300093 ER PT J AU LECHNER, JA AF LECHNER, JA TI ESTIMATORS FOR TYPE-II CENSORED (LOG)NORMAL SAMPLES SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RELIABILITY LA English DT Article DE CENSORED DATA; LEAST-SQUARES; LIFE TEST; LOGNORMAL DISTRIBUTION; MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD; NORMAL (GAUSSIAN) DISTRIBUTION; PERSSON-ROOTZEN AB Three common estimators for the parameters of the lognormal distribution are evaluated for censored samples. Correction factors which eliminate essentially all the bias, and formulas for the standard deviations of the estimators, are presented. The Persson-Rootzen estimators are about as good as the maximum likelihood estimators, without the penalty of requiring iterative (computer) optimization. Also, the estimators resulting from (least squares) fitting a tine to the plot of log lifetimes on normal (Gaussian) probability paper are reasonably good. Formulas are given for obtaining these latter estimators without actually plotting the points. We simulated 5 k to 30 k samples (more samples for smaller N) for each case, and calculated: the means, standard deviations, and third moments of each estimator; correlations between the two members of each pair; comparisons between the estimators, and simple corrections to improve the performance of the estimators. Our conclusions are: One does not need a maximum likelihood program (which is necessarily iterative for censored samples), because the Persson-Rootzen estimator is just as good and much easier to use The rough-and-ready technique corresponding to fitting a straight line on probability paper, while neither the best nor the easiest method, is not as bad as one might anticipate (in that two basic assumptions justifying the optimality of the technique are violated!) All of these estimators need correction for bias when analyzing censored data. RP LECHNER, JA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9529 J9 IEEE T RELIAB JI IEEE Trans. Reliab. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 40 IS 5 BP 547 EP 552 DI 10.1109/24.106773 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA GX888 UT WOS:A1991GX88800011 ER PT J AU LEDREW, EF JOHNSON, D MASLANIK, JA AF LEDREW, EF JOHNSON, D MASLANIK, JA TI AN EXAMINATION OF ATMOSPHERIC MECHANISMS THAT MAY BE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE ANNUAL REVERSAL OF THE BEAUFORT SEA ICE FIELD SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ATMOSPHERE CRYOSPHERE INTERACTION; POLAR SYNOPTIC PROCESSES; ARCTIC CLIMATE; Q-VECTORS; ISENTROPIC POTENTIAL VORTICITY ID CLIMATE; FLUCTUATIONS; SENSITIVITY; ANOMALIES; EXTENT; BASIN AB The late-summer reversal of the Beaufort Sea Gyre and the overlying sea ice cover is an intriguing phenomenon that may reveal some insight into atmosphere-cryosphere interactions through a detailed diagnostic analysis. In this study we examine the atmospheric processes that may give rise to this reversal and maintain it through a case by case study of selected days during the late-August-early-September reversal in 1980. We inspect the fields of total vertical motion and the contributions by advective, diabatic, and frictional mechanisms, as well as the isentropic potential vorticity, in order to identify the forcing functions. This episode is an example of the classic cold low with a central cold pool, the surface and 500-mbar fields aligned vertically, yet indications in the ageostrophic field of significant potential for baroclinic development, and a depression that remains anchored in the region for a significant period (27 days). The episode occurs during a transition period from the summer regime with sluggish upper air anticyclonic circulation to the vigorous winter regime of a cyclonic vortex extending up through the stratosphere with concomitant increase of potential vorticity available for surface development. This transition, which appears to occur during a period that typically experiences rapid upper atmosphere cooling, may be the trigger for the creation of the low. The surface heat flux appears to be a significant factor in the maintenance of the low although there are two factors at work. The first is the anomalous heat flow from the ocean along the ice-ocean boundary and from open water in the diverging ice pack, but this primarily appears to result in a regional modulation of the synoptic-scale effect. At the synoptic scale, there is significant heat flux associated with the very cold core of the depression and the associated pattern of the lower atmospheric heating moves with the wandering migration of the system within the region. In addition, there is an important dynamic contribution to development owing to the ageostrophic advection and convergence of cold air out of the core. The long duration of this feature within the Canada Basin must be traced to a complex interplay of heat flow processes related to the nature of the surface as well as the formation of the cold core of the depression, dynamic properties of mid-tropospheric air flow, and the increase of upper air potential vorticity. C1 INST SPACE & TERR SCI,EARTH OBSERV LAB,WATERLOO N2L 3G1,ONTARIO,CANADA. UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP LEDREW, EF (reprint author), UNIV WATERLOO,DEPT GEOG,WATERLOO N2L 3G1,ONTARIO,CANADA. NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0899-8418 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 11 IS 8 BP 841 EP 859 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GW788 UT WOS:A1991GW78800003 ER PT J AU VANSTEENKISTE, N GERZ, C KAISER, R HOLLBERG, L SALOMON, C ASPECT, A AF VANSTEENKISTE, N GERZ, C KAISER, R HOLLBERG, L SALOMON, C ASPECT, A TI A FREQUENCY-STABILIZED LNA LASER AT 1.083 MU-M - APPLICATION TO THE MANIPULATION OF HELIUM 4 ATOMS SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE II LA English DT Article ID CW DYE LASER; METASTABLE HELIUM; GAS ATOMS; BEAM; SPECTROSCOPY; FLUORESCENCE; RESONATOR; ENERGY AB We describe a single mode LNA ring laser, which emits 60 mW at 1.083-mu-m. Thanks to a high frequency F.M. saturated absorption technique, this laser is directly locked to an atomic line in a He-4 discharge cell. The residual frequency jitter is 130 kHz. We then present two examples of laser manipulation of helium 4 atoms in the 2 3S1 metastable state, using this laser: a density increase of the atomic beam by a factor of 8, with one-dimensional optical molasses, and a selective deflection of the metastable helium beam using a laser beam with curved wavefronts. C1 NIST, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. COLL FRANCE, F-75231 PARIS 05, FRANCE. RP VANSTEENKISTE, N (reprint author), ECOLE NORM SUPER, SPECTROSCOPIE HERTZIENNE LAB, 24 RUE LHOMOND, F-75231 PARIS 05, FRANCE. RI kaiser, robin/J-3641-2014 OI kaiser, robin/0000-0001-5194-3680 NR 43 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4312 J9 J PHYS II JI J. Phys. II PD DEC PY 1991 VL 1 IS 12 BP 1407 EP 1428 PG 22 WC Mechanics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Mechanics; Physics GA GT484 UT WOS:A1991GT48400001 ER PT J AU KAREN, VL MIGHELL, AD AF KAREN, VL MIGHELL, AD TI CONVERSE-TRANSFORMATION ANALYSIS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Note AB Converse-transformation theory and NIST*-LATTICE open a new approach to study many theoretical and practical problems in crystallography. In this approach a new operator, the converse-transformation operator, is defined. The focus of this approach is based on the calculation of groups of matrices relating two lattices and subsequent analysis of these matrices to deduce crystallographic relationships. An efficient algorithm has been designed that has the ability to find all matrices (H) that relate ANY two cells (no matter how skewed) to within any specified tolerances (t) of the cell parameters. A Fortran program, NIST*LATTICE, that enables this new approach to be used is available to the scientific community. There are many immediate applications of converse-transformation analysis including the full automation of the single-crystal diffractometer and phase characterization using lattice-matching techniques. RP KAREN, VL (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD DEC 1 PY 1991 VL 24 BP 1076 EP 1078 DI 10.1107/S0021889891010270 PN 6 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA GT506 UT WOS:A1991GT50600023 ER PT J AU FRISCH, AS STANKOV, BB MARTNER, BE KAIMAL, JC AF FRISCH, AS STANKOV, BB MARTNER, BE KAIMAL, JC TI MIDTROPOSPHERE WIND-SPEED SPECTRA FROM LONG-TERM WIND PROFILER MEASUREMENTS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID VELOCITY FLUCTUATIONS; ATMOSPHERE; RADAR AB This study of a 5-yr continuous record of midtropospheric horizontal wind components from a radar wind profiler operating at Fleming, Colorado, shows a broad spectral peak centered around a period of 1 week and a minimum at about 4 months, in addition to the expected 1-yr peak. However, when the records are separated according to seasons, the pattern becomes more complicated, with several distinct peaks and clear differences between the summer and winter behavior emerging. In this paper the different spectral patterns observed are presented and the synoptic-scale features in the weather that could produce them are speculated on. RP FRISCH, AS (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,WAVE PROPAGAT LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 30 IS 12 BP 1646 EP 1651 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1991)030<1646:MWSSFL>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GW118 UT WOS:A1991GW11800007 ER PT J AU NADELLA, RK RAO, MV SIMONS, DS CHI, PH DIETRICH, HB AF NADELLA, RK RAO, MV SIMONS, DS CHI, PH DIETRICH, HB TI 10-20 MEV ENERGY-RANGE SI IMPLANTATIONS INTO INP-FE SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Note ID GAAS; PROFILES; DIODES AB Si implantations in the energy range 10-20 MeV were performed into InP:Fe with a dose of 4 x 10(14) cm-2. The secondary-ion mass spectrometry profiles for the as-implanted samples were used to calculate the first four statistical moments of the Si implant distribution. Either 875-degrees-C/10 s rapid thermal annealing or 735-degrees-C/10 min furnace annealing was used to activate the Si implants. No redistribution of Si was observed after annealing. Electrochemical capacitance-voltage profiling was performed on the annealed samples to obtain the carrier concentration depth profiles. Activations of 90%-100% and peak carrier concentrations of 3-4 x 10(18) cm-3 were measured for 10-20 MeV Si implants after 875-degrees-C/10 s rapid thermal annealing. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP NADELLA, RK (reprint author), GEORGE MASON UNIV,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,FAIRFAX,VA 22030, USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1991 VL 70 IS 11 BP 7188 EP 7190 DI 10.1063/1.349762 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA GU049 UT WOS:A1991GU04900088 ER PT J AU ECKMAN, RM MIKKELSEN, T AF ECKMAN, RM MIKKELSEN, T TI ESTIMATION OF HORIZONTAL DIFFUSION FROM OBLIQUE AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS OF SMOKE CLOUDS SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Note AB A photogrammetric method is described for obtaining estimates of the horizontal diffusion parameter sigma(y) from oblique aerial photographs of smoke clouds. The method requires three reference markers on the ground to determine the geometry in each oblique photograph. Besides the distances between these markers, the only other independent information required for the method is the focal length of the camera lens and the enlargement factor of the photographs. The method is particularly useful for estimating sigma(y) at small sampling times, including relative diffusion. Additionally, it provides high spatial resolution in the downwind and crosswind directions and places no restrictions on the wind directions for which diffusion data can be collected. RP ECKMAN, RM (reprint author), NOAA,ARL,DIV ATMOSPHER TURBULENCE & DIFFUS,OAK RIDGE,TN, USA. RI Eckman, Richard/D-1476-2016; OI Mikkelsen, Torben/0000-0002-5428-856X NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 8 IS 6 BP 873 EP 878 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1991)008<0873:EOHDFO>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GW261 UT WOS:A1991GW26100012 ER PT J AU BERNARD, EN MILBURN, HB AF BERNARD, EN MILBURN, HB TI IMPROVED SATELLITE-BASED EMERGENCY ALERTING SYSTEM SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Note AB Rapid-onset natural hazards have claimed more than 2.8 million lives worldwide in the past 20 years. This category includes such events as earthquakes, landslides, hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, volcanic eruptions, wildfires, and tsunamis. Effective hazard mitigation is particularly difficult in such cases, since the time available to issue warnings can be very short or even nonexistent. A general approach to mitigate the effects of these disasters was demonstrated in 1988 that included preevent emergency planning, real-time hazard assessment, and rapid warning via satellite communication links. In this article, we report on improvements in this satellite-based emergency alerting communication system that have reduced the response time from 87 to 17 s and expanded the broadcast coverage from 40% to 62% of the earth's surface. RP BERNARD, EN (reprint author), NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 8 IS 6 BP 879 EP 883 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1991)008<0879:ISBEAS>2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GW261 UT WOS:A1991GW26100013 ER PT J AU LASCOLA, R NESBITT, DJ AF LASCOLA, R NESBITT, DJ TI SLIT-JET NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY AND INTERNAL ROTOR DYNAMICS OF THE ARH2O VANDERWAALS COMPLEX - AN ANGULAR POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE FOR INTERNAL H2O ROTATION SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LASER SPECTROSCOPY; WATER DIMER; MICROWAVE-SPECTRUM; VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; AR-HCL; AR-H2O; PREDISSOCIATION; BONDS; MOLECULES AB Near-infrared vibration-rotation spectra of jet-cooled Ar-H2O complexes are detected for the first time via direct absorption of tunable difference frequency infrared radiation in a slit supersonic expansion source. Transitions from both the lowest para and ortho complexes are observed which correlate to 0(00) and 1(01) rotational levels of free H2O, respectively, and permit spectroscopic characterization of the complex in both the ground (nu-3 = 0) and asymmetric stretch excited (nu-3 = 1) levels. From hot bands involving excited internal rotor states correlating with the 1(01) H2O rotational level, we determine the SIGMA-e(1(01))-PI-f(1(01)) energy splitting to be 11.3333(3) cm-1 (J = 1). In conjunction with far-infrared measurements of the SIGMA(1(10))-PI(1(01)) and PI(1(10))-SIGMA(1(01)) energy splittings, this information permits determination of a two-dimensional (2D) angular potential-energy surface of the complex as a function of the H2O orientation. The barriers to internal rotation of an ArH2O differ for in-plane (19 cm-1) and out-of-plane (33 cm-1) rotation of the H2O subunit. However, both barriers are only slightly higher than the ground-state energies and, hence, the behavior of H2O in the complex is that of a nearly free rotor. Agreement with recent ab initio calculations by Chalasinski et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 94, 2807 (1991)], as well as with 3D fits solely to far-infrared data by Cohen and Saykally [J. Chem. Phys. 94, 7991 (1991)], is remarkably good. Predictions based on this angular potential-energy surface are made for the internal rotor states of ArHDO and ArD2O and compared with recent far-infrared measurements by Suzuki et al. [J. Phys. Chem. 94, 824 (1991)]. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP LASCOLA, R (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80302, USA. OI Lascola, Robert/0000-0002-6784-5644 NR 61 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1991 VL 95 IS 11 BP 7917 EP 7932 DI 10.1063/1.461320 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA GR665 UT WOS:A1991GR66500012 ER PT J AU CROVETTO, R WOOD, RH MAJER, V AF CROVETTO, R WOOD, RH MAJER, V TI REVISED DENSITIES OF (XCO2+(1-X)H2O) WITH X-LESS-THAN-0.014 AT SUPERCRITICAL CONDITIONS - MOLAR VOLUMES, PARTIAL MOLAR VOLUMES OF CO2 AT INFINITE DILUTION, AND EXCESS MOLAR VOLUMES SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV DELAWARE,DEPT CHEM,NEWARK,DE 19716. UNIV CLERMONT FERRAND,CINET CHIM LAB,CLERMONT FERRAND,FRANCE. RI Majer, Vladimir/D-2832-2014 NR 16 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 23 IS 12 BP 1139 EP 1146 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA GT493 UT WOS:A1991GT49300007 ER PT J AU ENFIELD, DB CID, L AF ENFIELD, DB CID, L TI LOW-FREQUENCY CHANGES IN EL-NINO SOUTHERN OSCILLATION SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article AB Although there are indications from numerical models that El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) may be an internal mode of the coupled Pacific ocean-atmosphere system, sensitive to climatic background parameters, it has not yet been possible to find significant changes in ENSO variability between the Little Ice Age and the present. Yet a number of authors have found qualitative indications in anecdotal and proxy records of shorter, century-scale variations in the return-interval statistics for El Nino episodes. To objectively determine what nonstationarities exist, we statistically examine the El Nino occurrences since 1525, compiled by Quinn et al. We have stratified the return intervals both for strong events and for all events according to two null hypotheses: 1) return intervals are stationary over periods of 200-500 years, and 2) the intervals are stationary on a centenary time scale, between epochs of contrasting solar variability. Two-parameter Weibull distributions are fit to sub-samples of the data using an optimized bootstrap procedure, and the scale parameters are compared between groups. At the 95% significance level, only the null hypothesis for high/low solar levels and strong El Nino events can be rejected. The corresponding hypothesis for all events rejects at the 90% level while overall stationarity cannot be rejected at any reasonable level, for either class of events. The significant results are that 1) the El Nino recurrence rate is stationary with respect to long-term climate changes, while 2) return intervals of strong El Nino events are significantly nonstationary at centenary time scales and 3) events of all intensities exhibit the same nonstationarity but less clearly. There is too little data to reject the possibility that the association with solar epochs is coincidental; however, we have advanced a hypothesis to explain such a connection. RP ENFIELD, DB (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,PHOD,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. RI Enfield, David/I-2112-2013 OI Enfield, David/0000-0001-8107-5079 NR 0 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 4 IS 12 BP 1137 EP 1146 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1991)004<1137:LFCIEN>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HB372 UT WOS:A1991HB37200001 ER PT J AU ANGELL, JK AF ANGELL, JK TI STRATOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE-CHANGE AS A FUNCTION OF HEIGHT AND SUNSPOT NUMBER DURING 1972-89 BASED ON ROCKETSONDE AND RADIOSONDE DATA SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article AB Based on linear regression analysis applied to temperatures at 6 rocketsonde and 12 radiosonde stations mostly in the western half of the Northern Hemisphere, between 1972 and 1989 the temperature changed by nearly -0.5-degrees-C/decade in the low stratosphere, close to -1.6-degrees-C/decade in the high stratosphere, and by approximately -2.0-degrees-C/decade in the stratopause layer. In the middle stratosphere the temperature is indicated to have changed by -0.3-degrees-C/decade according to the radiosonde data but by about -0.9-degrees-C/decade according to the rocketsonde data. The reason for this discrepancy is still uncertain. The cooling has been greatest in winter, except in the middle stratosphere where it has been similar in winter and autumn. The correlation between annual values of sunspot number and temperature has been best in the middle stratosphere (0.83), but even this correlation is not significant at the 5% level due to the short record and the considerable serial correlation in the data. In the middle and high stratosphere and stratopause layer there has been an increase in temperature of about 0.8-degrees-C for an increase in sunspot number of 100, and in the low stratosphere an increase in temperature about half as great. RP ANGELL, JK (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,AIR RESOURCES LAB,SILVER SPRING METRO CTR 2,ROOM 9358,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. NR 0 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 4 IS 12 BP 1170 EP 1180 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1991)004<1170:STCAAF>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HB372 UT WOS:A1991HB37200004 ER PT J AU STEINER, B DOBBYN, RC BLACK, D BURDETTE, H KURIYAMA, M SPAL, R SIMCHICK, R FRIPP, A AF STEINER, B DOBBYN, RC BLACK, D BURDETTE, H KURIYAMA, M SPAL, R SIMCHICK, R FRIPP, A TI HIGH-RESOLUTION X-RAY-DIFFRACTION IMAGING OF LEAD TIN TELLURIDE SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article ID SYNCHROTRON RADIATION; TOPOGRAPHY AB High resolution X-ray diffraction images of two directly comparable crystals of lead tin telluride, one Bridgman-grown on Space Shuttle STS 61A and the other terrestrially Bridgman-grown under similar conditions from identical material, present different subgrain structure. In the terrestrial, sample 1 the appearance of an elaborate array of subgrains is closely associated with the intrusion of regions that are out of diffraction in all of the various images. The formation of this elaborate subgrain structure is inhibited by growth in microgravity. C1 NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,HAMPTON,VA 23665. RP STEINER, B (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD DEC PY 1991 VL 114 IS 4 BP 707 EP 714 DI 10.1016/0022-0248(91)90420-A PG 8 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA GV933 UT WOS:A1991GV93300024 ER PT J AU CAREY, CM VOGEL, GL CHOW, LC AF CAREY, CM VOGEL, GL CHOW, LC TI PERMSELECTIVITY OF SOUND AND CARIOUS HUMAN DENTAL ENAMEL AS MEASURED BY MEMBRANE-POTENTIAL SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TOOTH ENAMEL; PLAQUE FLUID; CARIES; DEMINERALIZATION; DIFFUSION; INVITRO; ACID AB A microwell technique was used for determination of the permselectivities of sound and carious enamel in the same slice of tooth. The permselectivity determination was accomplished by drilling microwells in the enamel and filling them with a simulated plaque fluid containing lactate, carbonate, and inorganic ions at concentrations similar to those in resting plaque fluid, but with different concentrations of KCl. The electrical potentials developed across the enamel membrane were measured with microreference electrodes placed in the wells or in the solution outside the tooth. The results showed that the membrane potential was a function of the composition of the solutions separated by the enamel membrane and was independent of the composition of the solutions in the adjacent wells. The enamel was found to be cation-permselective, and sound enamel was more permselective than carious enamel. The flux rate of K+ was estimated from the change in the K+ concentration of the well solution as a function of time. The flux rate and the membrane potential data were used in the Nernst-Planck Flux Equation for calculation of the diffusion coefficient of K+ through enamel. The results indicate that the permselectivity of enamel can greatly influence the diffusion of ions through enamel membranes. RP CAREY, CM (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,PAFFENBARGER RES CTR,AMER DENT ASSOC HLTH FDN,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE04385] NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 70 IS 12 BP 1479 EP 1485 DI 10.1177/00220345910700120201 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA HB901 UT WOS:A1991HB90100002 PM 1774377 ER PT J AU UTTER, FM AF UTTER, FM TI BIOCHEMICAL GENETICS AND FISHERY MANAGEMENT - AN HISTORICAL-PERSPECTIVE SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIOCHEMICAL GENETICS; FISHERY MANAGEMENT; IMMUNOGENETICS; ELECTROPHORESIS; PROTEIN POLYMORPHISMS ID TROUT SALMO-TRUTTA; SINGLE LOCUS HETEROZYGOSITY; SOUTHERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA STOCKS; CHINOOK SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; SYMPATRIC POPULATIONS; PROTEIN POLYMORPHISM; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD RP UTTER, FM (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, MOUNTLAKE BLVD, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. NR 150 TC 119 Z9 128 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 39 SU A BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1991.tb05063.x PG 20 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA GY185 UT WOS:A1991GY18500001 ER PT J AU COFFEY, HE AF COFFEY, HE TI GEOMAGNETIC AND SOLAR DATA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article RP COFFEY, HE (reprint author), NOAA,WORLD DATA CTR A SOLAR TERR PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80302, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1991 VL 96 IS A12 BP 21415 EP 21417 DI 10.1029/91JA02761 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA GU768 UT WOS:A1991GU76800043 ER PT J AU TEWARY, VK AF TEWARY, VK TI GREENS-FUNCTION FOR GENERALIZED HILBERT PROBLEM FOR CRACKS AND FREE SURFACES IN COMPOSITE-MATERIALS SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID INTERFACE AB Green's function for a generalized vector Hilbert problem is calculated which can be used to solve the Hilbert problem with any integrable inhomogeneity. The Green's function is obtained by using a complex transform defined by eigenfunctions of the homogeneous Hilbert problem. This method should be particularly convenient for the stress analysis of anisotropic composite materials containing cracks and free surfaces. The method is illustrated by applying it to calculate the stress field in an anisotropic bimaterial composite containing an interfacial crack. It is found that, in agreement with the earlier published work on isotropic composites, the stress field is oscillatory but, except very near the crack tip, the oscillations are negligible. Numerical results are presented for a stress field in a uniformly loaded (shear and compressive) Cu/Ni layered composite containing an interfacial crack as well as cracked homogeneous copper. RP TEWARY, VK (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MAT RELIABIL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MC KNIGHT ROAD SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 6 IS 12 BP 2585 EP 2591 DI 10.1557/JMR.1991.2585 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA GU339 UT WOS:A1991GU33900010 ER PT J AU TEWARY, VK AF TEWARY, VK TI ELASTIC GREENS-FUNCTION FOR A BIMATERIAL COMPOSITE SOLID CONTAINING A FREE-SURFACE NORMAL TO THE INTERFACE SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID STRESS; SINGULARITIES AB Elastic plane strain Green's function is calculated for an anisotropic bimaterial composite solid containing a free surface normal to the interface. An exact integral representation is obtained for the Green's function, which is evaluated numerically. The integral is also evaluated analytically, which gives a series representation for the Green's function. The singularities in the stress field associated with the presence of the free surface are identified and discussed. These singularities can be of the type r(-delta), ln(r) as well as higher powers of ln(r), where delta is between 0 and 1 and r is the radial distance from the intersection of the free surface and the interface. The stress field may also contain an oscillatory factor of the type exp[lg ln (r)] where g depends upon the material parameters of the two solids. For illustration, the formalism is applied to a cubic solid containing a SIGMA-5 grain boundary. RP TEWARY, VK (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MAT RELIABIL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MC KNIGHT ROAD SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 6 IS 12 BP 2592 EP 2608 DI 10.1557/JMR.1991.2592 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA GU339 UT WOS:A1991GU33900011 ER PT J AU TEWARY, VK KRIZ, RD AF TEWARY, VK KRIZ, RD TI GENERALIZED PLANE-STRAIN ANALYSIS OF A BIMATERIAL COMPOSITE CONTAINING A FREE-SURFACE NORMAL TO THE INTERFACE SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC GREEN-FUNCTION; FREE-EDGE STRESS; SINGULARITY; EXTENSION AB The elastic plane strain Green's function calculated in earlier papers is modified to account for generalized plane strain and applied to calculating the stress and the displacement field in a bimaterial composite containing a free surface normal to the interface and subjected to an out-of-plane load. The result is obtained in terms of a closed integral representation which is evaluated numerically as well as analytically. The method is applied to a cubic solid containing a SIGMA-5 grain boundary and to fiber-reinforced laminated composites. The singularities in the stress are identified and discussed. RP TEWARY, VK (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MAT RELIABIL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MC KNIGHT ROAD SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 6 IS 12 BP 2609 EP 2622 DI 10.1557/JMR.1991.2609 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA GU339 UT WOS:A1991GU33900012 ER PT J AU LONG, GG KRUEGER, S GERHARDT, RA PAGE, RA AF LONG, GG KRUEGER, S GERHARDT, RA PAGE, RA TI SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING CHARACTERIZATION OF PROCESSING MICROSTRUCTURE RELATIONSHIPS IN THE SINTERING OF CRYSTALLINE AND GLASSY CERAMICS SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE; SILICA AB Small-angle neutron scattering measurements were used to examine the pore microstructure evolution of glassy silica and polycrystalline alpha-alumina as a function of sintering. It was shown that the two major sintering mechanisms, viscous flow and surface and volume diffusion, lead to very different microstructure evolution signatures in terms of the average pore size as a function of density. However, with respect to topology, the evolution of the porosity per unit surface area as a function of density is remarkably similar in the two systems. C1 RUTGERS STATE UNIV,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08855. SW RES INST,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78228. RP LONG, GG (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Gerhardt, Rosario/D-6573-2012 OI Gerhardt, Rosario/0000-0001-8774-0842 NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MC KNIGHT ROAD SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 6 IS 12 BP 2706 EP 2715 DI 10.1557/JMR.1991.2706 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA GU339 UT WOS:A1991GU33900025 ER PT J AU MATSUMURA, K LOVAS, FJ SUENRAM, RD AF MATSUMURA, K LOVAS, FJ SUENRAM, RD TI FOURIER-TRANSFORM MICROWAVE SPECTROSCOPY OF THE DEUTERATED ACETYLENE DIMERS - THE INTERCONVERSION TUNNELING MOTIONS OF (DCCD)2, (DCCH)2, DCCD-DCCH, DCCH-DCCD, HCCH-DCCD, AND HCCH-DCCH SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-FLUORIDE DIMER; VIBRATIONAL PREDISSOCIATION; WATER DIMER; SPECTRUM; COMPLEXES; STATES; (HF)2; HF C1 SEINAN GAKUIN UNIV,SAWARA KU,FUKUOKA 814,JAPAN. RP MATSUMURA, K (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 24 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 150 IS 2 BP 576 EP 596 DI 10.1016/0022-2852(91)90250-E PG 21 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA GQ232 UT WOS:A1991GQ23200013 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, EH BUNKLEYWILLIAMS, L DOWGIALLO, MJ DYER, WG AF WILLIAMS, EH BUNKLEYWILLIAMS, L DOWGIALLO, MJ DYER, WG TI INFLUENCE OF COLLECTION METHODS ON THE OCCURRENCE OF ALIMENTARY CANAL HELMINTH-PARASITES IN FISH SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Note AB The effect of collecting trauma on the metazoan parasites in the alimentary canal of French grunts, Haemulon flavolineatum (Desmarest) (Perciformes: Haemulidae), was evaluated by comparing the number and species of parasites in 10-fish lots that were identical except for collecting technique. Collecting techniques included speared (dead), speared through the caudal peduncle (live), trapped, dipnetted at night, and ostracitoxin exposed. Dead, trapped, and toxin-stressed fish had no alimentary canal parasites, whereas speared-live and night-dipnetted fish had comparable numbers of parasites. Fish collected by using apparently traumatic techniques quickly expelled their alimentary canal metazoan parasites. Our results cast doubt on the reliability of traditional fish parasite surveys, studies on population dynamics of fish parasites, and experiments that employ these traumatic collecting methods. C1 NOAA,COASTAL OCEAN PROGRAM OFF,OFF CHIEF SCIENTIST,WASHINGTON,DC 20235. SO ILLINOIS UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,CARBONDALE,IL 62901. RP WILLIAMS, EH (reprint author), UNIV PUERTO RICO,DEPT MARINE SCI,CARIBBEAN AQUAT ANIM HLTH PROJECT,POB 908,LAJAS,PR 00667, USA. NR 4 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 77 IS 6 BP 1019 EP 1022 DI 10.2307/3282761 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA HC891 UT WOS:A1991HC89100032 PM 1779283 ER PT J AU BAKUN, A NELSON, CS AF BAKUN, A NELSON, CS TI THE SEASONAL CYCLE OF WIND-STRESS CURL IN SUBTROPICAL EASTERN BOUNDARY CURRENT REGIONS SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NORTH PACIFIC; UPWELLING REGION; PHYTOPLANKTON PIGMENT; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; ROSSBY WAVES; WORLD OCEAN; VARIABILITY; DYNAMICS; FLUX; SEA AB Historical surface marine wind reports have been processed to define characteristic seasonal distributions of wind-stress curl over the four major eastern boundary current regions of the World Ocean (i.e., the California, Canary, Benguela, and Peru/Humboldt systems) on smaller scales than previously available. Interregional comparisons show that these "classical" coastal upwelling systems are characterized by cyclonic wind-stress curl near the continental boundaries and anticyclonic curl offshore, in association with predominantly equatorward (upwelling favorable) alongshore wind stress. The cross-shore profile of alongshore stress typically has an offshore maximum located some 200 to 300 km from the coast. The decay of the wind stress toward the coast defines a region of cyclonic wind-stress curl, where coastal upwelling is enhanced by curl-induced oceanic upwelling (Ekman pumping). During summer in the respective hemispheres, the region of cyclonic curl expands poleward in each boundary current system. Particularly intense cyclonic curl occurs adjacent to capes during summer coastal upwelling maxima. During fall and winter when the upwelling system weakens, the latitudinal extent of cyclonic curl adjacent to the coast contracts, and the most intense cyclonic curl is usually associated with coastal bights. RP BAKUN, A (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,CTR SW FISHERIE SCI,PACIFIC FISHERIES ENVIRONM GRP,POB 831,MONTEREY,CA 93942, USA. OI Bakun, Andrew/0000-0002-4366-3846 NR 62 TC 239 Z9 243 U1 1 U2 30 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 21 IS 12 BP 1815 EP 1834 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(1991)021<1815:TSCOWS>2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA HA085 UT WOS:A1991HA08500008 ER PT J AU SCHROEDER, JR HAMMOUDA, B BUBECK, RA CHANG, JW AF SCHROEDER, JR HAMMOUDA, B BUBECK, RA CHANG, JW TI SANS FROM HOT-STRETCHED POLYSTYRENE REVISITED SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE NEUTRON SCATTERING (SANS) FROM HOT STRETCHED POLYSTYRENE; POLYSTYRENE, HOT STRETCHED SANS STUDY OF; CHAIN DEFORMATION IN HOT STRETCHED POLYSTYRENE, SANS STUDY OF ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; NETWORKS; CHAIN AB Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) has been used to investigate macromolecular orientation of uniaxially hot-stretched partially deuterated polystyrene. Principle radii of gyration and degree of eccentricity were measured over a range of hot-stretch temperatures, strain rates, and external draw ratios (EDR). Results show affine deformation for EDR < 4 and an increase in the degree of local molecular orientation with increasing rate of strain and decreasing stretching temperature. It also is found that although the macromolecules follow the external stretching affinely on average, they do not deform uniformly. C1 DOW CHEM CO USA,CENT RES,MIDLAND,MI 48640. NBS,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT CHEM ENGN,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP SCHROEDER, JR (reprint author), GE,CTR TECHNOL,PARKERSBURG,WV 26181, USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 29 IS 13 BP 1607 EP 1612 DI 10.1002/polb.1991.090291306 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA GQ624 UT WOS:A1991GQ62400006 ER PT J AU MECHOLSKY, JJ FREIMAN, SW AF MECHOLSKY, JJ FREIMAN, SW TI RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FRACTAL GEOMETRY AND FRACTOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Note DE FRACTAL; GEOMETRY; FRACTOGRAPHY; CRACKS; FLAWS ID MECHANICS; SURFACES AB Fractal geometry has been used to describe irregular fracture surfaces in a quantitative way. The fractal dimensional increment has been related to the fracture toughness of the material through the elastic modulus and a characteristic structure parameter, a0. The study of fractography has shown the relationship between the flaw/mirror size ratio and the fracture toughness. An experimental observation has shown that the fracture toughness is related to the elastic modulus through another structure parameter, b0. Combining all of these relationships leads to the conclusion that the fractal dimensional increment, D*, is directly related to the flaw/mirror size ratio. Experimental measurements of the fractal dimension and the flaw/mirror size ratio on glasses, a glass-ceramic, polycrystalline ceramics, and a single crystal all agree with the prediction. The implication of this finding is that there is a linear scaling law in operation at fracture between the energy of crack initiation and of microbranching and is reflected in the features on the fracture surface. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP MECHOLSKY, JJ (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 27 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 74 IS 12 BP 3136 EP 3138 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1991.tb04313.x PG 3 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA GW441 UT WOS:A1991GW44100025 ER PT J AU RODEL, J FULLER, ER LAWN, BR AF RODEL, J FULLER, ER LAWN, BR TI INSITU OBSERVATIONS OF TOUGHENING PROCESSES IN ALUMINA REINFORCED WITH SILICON-CARBIDE WHISKERS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Note DE BRIDGING; COMPOSITES; CRACKS; PULLOUT; TOUGHNESS ID MATRIX COMPOSITES; SURFACE-TREATMENT; BRITTLE-MATRIX; PULL-OUT; BEHAVIOR; CERAMICS; TOUGHNESS AB An in situ study is made of crack interfaces in composites of alumina reinforced with silicon carbide whiskers. Both qualitative observations of the whisker-bridging micro-mechanisms and quantitative measurements of the crack profile are made to assess the specific role of the whiskers on the toughness curve (T-curve or R-curve). At small crack-wall separations the whiskers act as elastic restraints to the point of rupture. In some cases the whiskers remain in frictional contact with the alumina matrix over large pullout distances (more than 1-mu-m) corresponding to a bridging zone approaching 1 mm. The results are discussed in relation to existing models of whisker reinforcement and published long-crack T-curve data. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 22 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 74 IS 12 BP 3154 EP 3157 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1991.tb04319.x PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA GW441 UT WOS:A1991GW44100031 ER PT J AU COLLINS, BL AF COLLINS, BL TI VISIBILITY OF EXIT SIGNS AND DIRECTIONAL INDICATORS SO JOURNAL OF THE ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING SOCIETY LA English DT Article RP COLLINS, BL (reprint author), NBS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20760, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ILLUMINAT ENG SOC NORTH AMER PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL ST, 17TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10005-4001 SN 0099-4480 J9 J ILLUM ENG SOC JI J. Illum. Eng. Soc. PD WIN PY 1991 VL 20 IS 1 BP 117 EP 133 PG 17 WC Optics SC Optics GA FN922 UT WOS:A1991FN92200015 ER PT J AU GILLASPY, JD SANSONETTI, CJ AF GILLASPY, JD SANSONETTI, CJ TI ABSOLUTE WAVELENGTH DETERMINATIONS IN MOLECULAR TELLURIUM - NEW REFERENCE LINES FOR PRECISION LASER SPECTROSCOPY SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERFEROMETRIC FREQUENCY-MEASUREMENT; TE-130(2) REFERENCE LINE; 486 NM; TRANSITIONS; CALIBRATION; MODULATION AB We have observed the spectrum of Te-130(2) in the range 4712-5020 angstrom by using Doppler-free frequency-modulation spectroscopy. The wave numbers of 32 selected lines have been measured interferometrically with an accuracy of 2.2 parts in 10(9). These measurements provide a well-distributed set of precise reference lines for this region. Good agreement is found with four lines that were previously measured in other laboratories for use as transfer standards in the spectroscopy of hydrogen, deuterium, positronium, and muonium. RP GILLASPY, JD (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ATOM PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 17 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 8 IS 12 BP 2414 EP 2419 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.8.002414 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA GX214 UT WOS:A1991GX21400002 ER PT J AU FIEDLER, PC PHILBRICK, V CHAVEZ, FP AF FIEDLER, PC PHILBRICK, V CHAVEZ, FP TI OCEANIC UPWELLING AND PRODUCTIVITY IN THE EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON WHAT CONTROLS PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTION IN NUTRIENT-RICH AREAS OF THE OPEN SEA CY FEB 22-24, 1991 CL SAN MARCOS, CA SP AMER SOC LIMNOL & OCEANOG ID PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTION; NORTH-ATLANTIC; CHLOROPHYLL; NITRATE; GROWTH; WATERS; LIGHT; FLUX; GYRE AB An oceanographic survey of the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean in August-November 1990 found a productive, nutrient-rich, moderately high-chlorophyll surface layer in two oceanic upwelling regions: the equatorial divergence, especially east of the Galapagos, and the countercurrent divergence out to 105-degrees-W, > 1,000 km west of the Costa Rica Dome. Although NO3 is not depleted in upwelling regions, relationships among nutrient concentrations and temperature in 1986-1988 data from the same area show that NO3 is the the first macronutrient to be depleted in adjacent, less-productive regions. A three-dimensional, two-layer box model of NO3 flux within and into the euphotic zone gives estimated rates of new production that are approximately 29% of measured rates of C-14 phytoplankton production. Persistence of excess (saturating) NO3 in the euphotic zone exceeds 1 yr under high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll conditions off the equator where weak upwelling, or downwelling, occurs. These results indicate substantial control or limitation of NO3 utilization and productivity in nutrient-rich oceanic regions of the eastern tropical Pacific. C1 MONTEREY BAY AQUARIUM,RES INST,PACIFIC GROVE,CA 93950. RP FIEDLER, PC (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,POB 271,LA JOLLA,CA 92038, USA. NR 43 TC 85 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPH PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 36 IS 8 BP 1834 EP 1850 PG 17 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA HR981 UT WOS:A1991HR98100025 ER PT J AU SARMIENTO, JL ORR, JC AF SARMIENTO, JL ORR, JC TI 3-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATIONS OF THE IMPACT OF SOUTHERN-OCEAN NUTRIENT DEPLETION ON ATMOSPHERIC CO2 AND OCEAN CHEMISTRY SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON WHAT CONTROLS PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTION IN NUTRIENT-RICH AREAS OF THE OPEN SEA CY FEB 22-24, 1991 CL SAN MARCOS, CA SP AMER SOC LIMNOL & OCEANOG ID WORLD OCEAN; CARBON-CYCLE; MODEL; RADIOCARBON; DISTRIBUTIONS; CIRCULATION; IRON; PCO2; SEA AB Surface nutrient concentrations in the Southern Ocean are an important indicator of the atmosphere-ocean chemical balance that played a key role in ice-age reduction of atmospheric pCO2 and would play a role in any Fe fertilization scenario for increasing oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO2. The response of the ocean and atmosphere to a scenario of extreme depletion of Southern Ocean surface nutrients by an increase in the organic matter flux to the deep ocean is examined with a three-dimensional model of ocean circulation coupled to a one-box model of the atmosphere. After 100 yr, the increase in the organic matter flux is 6-30 Gt C yr-1 - about twice the global new production determined by the same model for the present ocean. The removal of nutrients from surface waters of the Southern Ocean reduces the nutrient content of the near-surface and intermediate depth waters of the entire ocean, resulting in a 0.5-1.9 Gt C yr-1 reduction of low-latitude new production. The deep circumpolar waters, enriched in nutrients by regeneration of organic matter, spread into the deep and bottom waters of the remainder of the ocean, giving an overall downward shift of nutrients from surface and intermediate to circumpolar and deep waters. The oceanic total C distribution is also shifted downward, resulting in uptake of atmospheric CO2 of 46-85 ppm (98-181 Gt C) in the first 100 yr. The oxygen content shifts upward in the water column, approximately mirroring the downward shift of nutrients. Some of the oxygen shifted to the upper ocean escapes to the atmosphere. As a consequence, the global average oceanic content of oxygen, presently 168-mu-mol kg-1, is reduced by 6-20-mu-mol kg-1, with anoxia developing in the southwestern Indian Ocean. RP SARMIENTO, JL (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,PROGRAM ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI,PRINCETON,NJ 08544, USA. RI Orr, James/C-5221-2009 NR 58 TC 173 Z9 175 U1 1 U2 28 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPH PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 36 IS 8 BP 1928 EP 1950 PG 23 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA HR981 UT WOS:A1991HR98100032 ER PT J AU SUNDA, WG HUNTSMAN, SA AF SUNDA, WG HUNTSMAN, SA TI THE USE OF CHEMILUMINESCENCE AND LIGAND COMPETITION WITH EDTA TO MEASURE COPPER CONCENTRATION AND SPECIATION IN SEAWATER SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON CHEMISTRY OF THE MEDITERRANEAN : REACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL SPECIES IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS CY MAY 09-16, 1990 CL PRIMOSTEN, YUGOSLAVIA SP INT COMMISS SCI EXPLORAT MEDITERRANEAN SEA, CHEM OCEANOG COMM ID CATHODIC STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY; CUPRIC ION ACTIVITY; CHEMI-LUMINESCENCE; TRACE-METALS; SEA-WATER; COMPLEXATION; PHYTOPLANKTON; TOXICITY; ESTUARY; CADMIUM AB A batch chemiluminescence method for measurement of copper in seawater was developed from an existing flow injection technique. The method involved the reaction of copper in the sample with 1.10-phenanthroline, and subsequent release of photons from the oxidation of copper(II)-phenanthroline chelates by H2O2 at alkaline pH. The method was extremely sensitive with a detection limit in the range of 0.05-0.1 nM for 200-mu-l samples. Because of its sensitivity, it could be used to measure copper directly in seawater without a preconcentration step. To measure total copper, samples had to be acidified to pH 2 and stored for weeks to months (and in some cases also photo-oxidized by UV light) to release copper from kinetically inert species. Total copper concentrations measured by the chemiluminescence method in natural seawater agreed well with those obtained by more traditional methods. The chemiluminescence method was sensitive to copper speciation due to the slow dissociation of many bound copper species. This property was utilized to develop a ligand competition technique for measurement of free cupric ion concentrations. The method involved additions of EDTA and copper to seawater and was based on the lack of detectability of CuEDTA chelates by the chemiluminescence method. Free cupric ion concentrations measured by this method ranged from 10 12.9 M for a relatively clean estuarine sample containing 5 nM total dissolved copper to 10 10.9 M for a sample from a polluted harbor which contained 38 nM copper. Cupric ion concentrations measured by the new method were in good agreement with those measured in the same samples by a previously published method: EDTA competition combined with copper adsorption on to C18 Sep-Pak cartridges. Copper was found to be heavily (> 99%) complexed by natural organic ligands in both shelf and estuarine water samples and the concentrations of these ligands generally increased with dissolved copper concentration and decreasing sample salinity. These results agree with those of several previous studies. RP SUNDA, WG (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,BEAUFORT LAB,BEAUFORT,NC 28516, USA. NR 32 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 36 IS 1-4 BP 137 EP 163 PG 27 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA HB949 UT WOS:A1991HB94900011 ER PT J AU CANINO, MF BAILEY, KM INCZE, LS AF CANINO, MF BAILEY, KM INCZE, LS TI TEMPORAL AND GEOGRAPHIC DIFFERENCES IN FEEDING AND NUTRITIONAL CONDITION OF WALLEYE POLLOCK LARVAE THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA IN SHELIKOF STRAIT, GULF OF ALASKA SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article ID RNA-DNA RATIOS; COD GADUS-MORHUA; CLUPEA-HARENGUS; GEORGES BANK; STRIPED BASS; GROWTH; FISH; FOOD; SEA; TEMPERATURE AB Feeding and nutritional condition of first-feeding walleye pollock larvae Theragra chalcogramma were compared to available prey levels measured during early spring (late April-early May) and mid-spring (mid-May) 1989. In early spring, feeding intensity, mean RNA/DNA values of larvae, and microzooplankton abundance were higher within a large patch of larvae compared with areas outside the patch. In mid-spring, microzooplankton prey abundance, feeding levels and RNA/DNA of larvae in and out of the previously defined patch were higher, indicating better overall conditions for growth than in early spring. The results suggest that limiting food densities may occur during spring over spatial and temporal scales that affect feeding and growth of larval pollock. C1 BIGELOW LAB OCEAN SCI, BOOTHBAY HARBOR, ME 04575 USA. RP CANINO, MF (reprint author), NOAA, ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR, 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE, BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA. NR 42 TC 92 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 79 IS 1-2 BP 27 EP 35 DI 10.3354/meps079027 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA HF034 UT WOS:A1991HF03400003 ER PT J AU ROWE, G SIBUET, M DEMING, J KHRIPOUNOFF, A TIETJEN, J MACKO, S THEROUX, R AF ROWE, G SIBUET, M DEMING, J KHRIPOUNOFF, A TIETJEN, J MACKO, S THEROUX, R TI TOTAL SEDIMENT BIOMASS AND PRELIMINARY ESTIMATES OF ORGANIC-CARBON RESIDENCE TIME IN DEEP-SEA BENTHOS SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; AMINO-ACIDS; EQUATORIAL ATLANTIC; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; MARINE SEDIMENT; NEW-ENGLAND; SEEP-I; FLUXES AB Estimates of 'total' biomass of the benthos (bacteria, meiofauna, macrofauna) in terms of organic carbon have been assembled for 9 stations over a broad water-depth range in the western North Atlantic. The largest size category, the macrofauna, was dominant in sandy continental shelf sediments, whereas the smaller forms (bacteria and meiofauna) dominated at greater depths. Biomass of the 'total' benthos and of each size category correlated much better with POC flux than with sediment detrital organic carbon, reinforcing the idea that most organic matter is consumed on the sediment surface, rather than within the sediments. An overall increase in the relative importance of smaller size categories of organisms with increasing depth supports the idea that the importance of bacteria (in remobilizing recalcitrant organic compounds) increases with depth, reaching a maximum at great depths far offshore. The 'average' residence times for both the living and the detrital organic carbon stocks at various depths were calculated by dividing the 'estimated (organic carbon) remineralization' rate (POC flux estimated with sediment traps minus long-term burial) into both the biomass and sediment detrital organic carbon concentrations (corrected for living biomass). The biomass appeared to turn over on average time scales of months, whereas the total detrital sediment organic matter appeared to turn over on scales of years to centuries, depending on depth and sediment type. C1 IFREMER, CTR BREST, BREST, FRANCE. UNIV WASHINGTON, DEPT OCEANOG, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. CUNY, NEW YORK, NY 10031 USA. NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, WOODS HOLE, MA 02543 USA. MEM UNIV NEWFOUNDLAND, ST JOHNS A1C 5S7, NEWFOUNDLAND, CANADA. RP ROWE, G (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST, DEPT OCEANOG, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843 USA. NR 88 TC 88 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 6 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 79 IS 1-2 BP 99 EP 114 DI 10.3354/meps079099 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA HF034 UT WOS:A1991HF03400008 ER PT J AU WIKFORS, GH NEEMAN, A JACKSON, PJ AF WIKFORS, GH NEEMAN, A JACKSON, PJ TI CADMIUM-BINDING POLYPEPTIDES IN MICROALGAL STRAINS WITH LABORATORY-INDUCED CADMIUM TOLERANCE SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article ID EUGLENA-GRACILIS; NAVICULA-INCERTA; DATURA-INNOXIA; ZINC; GROWTH; COPPER; RESISTANT; COMPLEXES; TOXICITY; METALS AB Strains of 5 algal species that have been induced to develop tolerance to previously toxic cadmium (Cd) concentrations were investigated for production of the Cd-binding polypeptides, poly(gamma-glutamylcysteinyl)glycines, (gamma-EC)(n)G. Liquid chromatography using Sephadex G-50, ICP analysis of Cd in chromatographic fractions, and amino acid analysis provided clear evidence of (gamma-EC)(n)G production in the 2 most tolerant species, Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Dunaliella tertiolecta. Production of Cd-binding peptide in P. tricornutum was positively correlated with cellular Cd content, on a dry-weight basis. In contrast, Cd-tolerant strains of Isochrysis galbana, Pavlova lutheri, and Tetraselmis maculata did not produce detectable (gamma-EC)(n)G. Although Cd-tolerant I. galbana differed from the control strain in some aspects of polypeptide content, as seen by the production of thiol-rich compounds, the specific mechanism for enhanced Cd tolerance in the 3 species that do not produce (gamma-EC)(n)G remains unknown. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ALAMOS SCI LAB, DIV LIFE SCI, GENOM & STRUCT BIOL GRP, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. RP WIKFORS, GH (reprint author), NOAA, NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, NE FISHERIES SCI CTR, MILFORD, CT 06460 USA. NR 36 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 79 IS 1-2 BP 163 EP 170 DI 10.3354/meps079163 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA HF034 UT WOS:A1991HF03400014 ER PT J AU HAMMOND, SR WALKER, DA AF HAMMOND, SR WALKER, DA TI RIDGE EVENT DETECTION - T-PHASE SIGNALS FROM THE JUAN-DEFUCA-SPREADING-CENTER SO MARINE GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCHES LA English DT Article DE T-PHASE; HYDROTHERMAL; DEFUCA,JUAN; AXIAL VOLCANO; MEGAPLUME; ENDEAVOR SEGMENT; SUBMARINE VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS; EPISODIC HYDROTHERMAL ACTIVITY ID DE-FUCA-RIDGE; EAST PACIFIC RISE; AXIAL VOLCANO; HYDROTHERMAL FLUIDS; VENT FIELD; SEAMOUNT; 21-DEGREES-N; EARTHQUAKES; MORPHOLOGY; OCEAN AB An analysis of T-phase source locations determined in the mid-1960s for an area of the northeast Pacific Ocean encompassing the Juan de Fuca spreading center reveals that most of the source locations are associated with regions where seamount chains intersect the spreading center and with edifices both along and near the spreading center. The T-phase source locations also tend to cluster on, or near, areas of the most concentrated and vigorous hydrothermal venting along the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Of the 58 T-phase source locations determined for a period from October 1964 through December 1966, only one was found to be associated with an earthquake detected by the National Geophysical Data Center/National Earthquake Information Service because of the characteristic small magnitude of spreading-center seismic events. Monitoring T-phase activity originating along the 80 000 km-long global seafloor spreading-center system offers a practical and unique opportunity to better understand the dynamics and oceanic effects of episodic spreading-center tectonic, volcanic, and hydrothermal processes. C1 UNIV HAWAII,SCH OCEAN & EARTH SCI & TECHNOL,HAWAII INST GEOPHYS,HONOLULU,HI 96822. RP HAMMOND, SR (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,HATFIELD MARINE SCI CTR,NEWPORT,OR 97365, USA. RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611 NR 58 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3235 J9 MAR GEOPHYS RES JI Mar. Geophys. Res. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 13 IS 4 BP 331 EP 348 DI 10.1007/BF00366282 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography GA GZ292 UT WOS:A1991GZ29200004 ER PT J AU PARKER, BB AF PARKER, BB TI SEA-LEVEL AS AN INDICATOR OF CLIMATE AND GLOBAL CHANGE SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC-OCEAN; EL-NINO AB This paper discusses the difficulties in predicting future global sea level rise. It also examines the problems involved in determining a reliable global sea level trend over the past century from historical water level records and, specifically, whether the apparent recent rise can be attributed to global warming due to the accumulation of greenhouse gases. The paper also discusses the importance of interannual-to-decadal sea level variation and its role in helping to understand climate variations such as El Nino Southern Oscillation and the accompanying global effects via teleconnection. RP PARKER, BB (reprint author), NOAA,NATL OCEAN SERV,GLOBAL SEA LEVEL PROGRAM,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA C/O I CLAYION MATTHEWS, 1828 L ST, NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD WIN PY 1991 VL 25 IS 4 BP 13 EP 24 PG 12 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA HG985 UT WOS:A1991HG98500003 ER PT J AU MOONEY, K AF MOONEY, K TI THE ROLE OF THE OCEANS IN CLIMATE SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Note RP MOONEY, K (reprint author), NOAA,OFF GLOBAL PROGRAMS,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA C/O I CLAYION MATTHEWS, 1828 L ST, NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD WIN PY 1991 VL 25 IS 4 BP 55 EP 56 PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA HG985 UT WOS:A1991HG98500008 ER PT J AU SIMPSON, J ROFF, G MORTON, BR LABAS, K DIETACHMAYER, G MCCUMBER, M PENC, R AF SIMPSON, J ROFF, G MORTON, BR LABAS, K DIETACHMAYER, G MCCUMBER, M PENC, R TI A GREAT-SALT-LAKE WATERSPOUT SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID TORNADO-LIKE VORTICES; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; CLOUD MODEL; LIFE-CYCLE; VORTEX; THUNDERSTORMS; EVOLUTION; ROTATION; DYNAMICS AB A waterspout funnel and spray ring were observed under a cumulus line over the Great Salt Lake for about 5 min shortly after sunrise on 26 June 1985. Videotaped features strongly suggested that the funnel rotation was anticyclonic. These observations have been used as the basis for a study of the initiation and evolution of waterspouts through a series of numerical experiments at two scales, that of a cloud and a waterspout. The cloud scale has been simulated using an improved Goddard-Schlesinger model with nearby Salt Lake City soundings. The main model improvements have been 1) a parameterized, three-class ice phase and 2) a line initialization in addition to the more common axisymmetric buoyant bubble. Cloud-scale vortex pairs developed for each mode of initiation, but a much stronger, more upright, low-level anticyclonic vortex grew from the line initiation than from the bubble. However, cumulus-scale vortices are common while waterspouts are rare, and the real test of a model is whether a waterspout can develop in the limited cumulus lifetime. The 600-m horizontal grid of the cloud model cannot resolve waterspouts, and a modified Monash high-resolution axisymmetric vortex model with vertical domain and small section has been "embedded" at selected positions and initiated at selected times in the computed flow field of the cloud. Many experiments have been carried out with the vortex model. In the most important series, the boundary conditions were changed with the fields of the model cumulus as it evolved, and the time at which the vortex was started was varied through the lifetime of the parent cloud. Results showed that for each mode of cloud initiation, the vortex that started at the anticyclonic center grew faster than those started at other centers. This result fits with the observed anticyclonic rotation of the waterspout, strongly suggesting that the cloud vorticity was important in its initiation. The greatest azimuthal speed for the bubble-initiated cloud was 11 m s-1 when the vortex model was started at 28 min cloud time with time-varying boundary conditions, whereas it was 21 m s-1 when started at 12 min in the line-initiated cloud. Speeds were comparable when the inner domain moved with the anticyclonic cloud center. These speeds are close to the spray-ring threshold azimuthal velocity of roughly 22 m s-1 estimated by Golden from photographs. Together, these model results support the hypothesis that, at least in some circumstances, cloud processes alone can produce waterspouts in the absence of external vorticity sources such as surface convergence lines or other shear features. C1 MONASH UNIV,CTR DYNAM METEOROL,CLAYTON,VIC 3168,AUSTRALIA. NOAA,US WEATHER SERV OFF,SALT LAKE CITY,UT. BUR METEOROL,RES CTR,MELBOURNE,AUSTRALIA. RES DATA SYST CORP,LANHAM,MD. RP SIMPSON, J (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,MAIL CODE 912,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 119 IS 12 BP 2741 EP 2770 PG 30 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GY090 UT WOS:A1991GY09000001 ER PT J AU MO, KC KALNAY, E AF MO, KC KALNAY, E TI IMPACT OF SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES ON THE SKILL OF MONTHLY FORECASTS SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; NATIONAL-METEOROLOGICAL-CENTER; LOW-FREQUENCY VARIABILITY; EL-NINO; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; JANUARY CLIMATE; RANGE FORECASTS; PREDICTABILITY; HEMISPHERE; PREDICTION AB Eighteen 30-day integrations with the NMC global atmospheric model (T40 resolution) were performed in order to test the impact of sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) on 30-day forecasts for the Northern Hemisphere early summer. The years considered-1987, 1988, and 1989-correspond to a warm El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event, a cold ENSO event, and a normal (non-ENSO year), respectively. For each year, 30-day forecasts were started on three successive days around 22 May, using climatological SSTs, and repeated using SSTAs fixed at their initial values. The results indicate that SSTAs have a clear positive impact on the tropical forecasts and surface fluxes. The impacts on the extratropical forecasts, on the other hand, tend to be positive but small. Larger positive impacts in midlatitudes are obtained only in a case in which the atmospheric anomalous circulation is apparently driven by the ocean anomalies. A simple rule of thumb to distinguish whether quasi-stationary atmospheric anomalies are the cause or the result of SSTAs is discussed. It is also found that ensemble averaging results in a modest improvement in forecast skill. Moreover, in areas where the ensemble forecast anomalies are found to be significantly different from zero in a statistical sense, the anomalies tend to verify well, suggesting a method to estimate a priori regional skill. Overall, the Southern Hemisphere forecasts are more skillful than those in the Northern Hemisphere, perhaps because of a seasonal effect. C1 NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,NATL METEOROL CTR,DIV DEV,WASHINGTON,DC 20233. RP MO, KC (reprint author), NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,NATL METEOROL CTR,CTR CLIMATE ANAL,W-NMC52,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. RI Kalnay, Eugenia/F-4393-2010 NR 50 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 119 IS 12 BP 2771 EP 2793 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1991)119<2771:IOSSTA>2.0.CO;2 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GY090 UT WOS:A1991GY09000002 ER PT J AU BAIK, JJ DEMARIA, M RAMAN, SH AF BAIK, JJ DEMARIA, M RAMAN, SH TI TROPICAL CYCLONE SIMULATIONS WITH THE BETTS CONVECTIVE ADJUSTMENT SCHEME .3. COMPARISONS WITH THE KUO CONVECTIVE PARAMETERIZATION SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID CUMULUS PARAMETERIZATION; MODEL; PRECIPITATION; SENSITIVITY AB Numerical simulations of tropical cyclones in an axisymmetric model with the Betts convective adjustment scheme and the 1974 Kuo cumulus parameterization are compared. It is shown that the storm with the Betts scheme has a slightly more intense mature stage than the storm with the Kuo scheme. For both schemes, the parameterized heating is dominant initially, while the grid-scale heating is dominant at the mature stage. The storms begin to intensify rapidly when the grid-scale heating extends through a deep layer. The Betts scheme is more effective at removing water vapor and delays the onset of grid-scale heating. This results in later development of the storm with the Betts scheme. The storm evolution with both the Betts and Kuo schemes is sensitive to the treatment of the evaporation of liquid water in the grid-scale condensation scheme. This suggests that a prognostic equation for liquid water should be used when simulating tropical cyclones with a model resolution fine enough for grid-scale heating to be important. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT MARINE EARTH & ATMOSPHER SCI,BOX 8208,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,DIV HURRICANE RES,MIAMI,FL 33149. RI DeMaria, Mark/F-5583-2010 NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 119 IS 12 BP 2889 EP 2899 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1991)119<2889:TCSWTB>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GY090 UT WOS:A1991GY09000009 ER PT J AU KAPITZA, H AF KAPITZA, H TI NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS WITH THE ADJOINT OF A NONHYDROSTATIC MESOSCALE MODEL SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS; VARIATIONAL ASSIMILATION; VORTICITY EQUATION AB For the purpose of assimilation of radar data into a nonhydrostatic mesoscale forecast model, the adjoint method is considered. For the case of dry convection, a set of identical twin experiments shows that it is possible to construct the initial conditions for the temperature only moderately well from observations of one velocity component only. This behavior can be explained with an ill-posedness of the problem in absence of temperature information caused by the discrete representation of gradients. Small pieces of additional thermodynamic information improve the results noticeably. Contamination of the data with random error has little impact on the quality of the retrieved initial state, as long as there are enough data available. Phenomena not resolved by the data are not retrievable by the algorithm. For the case considered, the adjoint method proves to be a robust tool for data assimilation purposes, but it also leaves the question of how to avoid the ill-posedness open. C1 NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,NORMAN,OK 73069. NR 17 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 119 IS 12 BP 2993 EP 3011 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1991)119<2993:NEWTAO>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GY090 UT WOS:A1991GY09000015 ER PT J AU HEMLER, RS LIPPS, FB ROSS, BB AF HEMLER, RS LIPPS, FB ROSS, BB TI A SIMULATION OF A SQUALL LINE USING A NONHYDROSTATIC CLOUD MODEL WITH A 5-KM HORIZONTAL GRID SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; BOUNDARY-CONDITION; EVOLUTION; CONVERGENCE; CONVECTION; STORMS AB A three-dimensional nonhydrostatic cloud model is used to simulate the squall line observed in central Texas on 11 April 1979. The cloud model covers an area 400 x 400 km2 with a 5-km horizontal resolution and is supplied initial and boundary conditions by a larger hydrostatic mesoscale model. The model produces a back-building squall line ahead of the surface cold front, as would be expected based on an analysis of the pre-squall-line environment. A well-defined gust front and cold pool develop with the squall line. At the end of the 5-h simulation, deep convection is found along a line nearly 400 km long. The simulated squall line compares favorably both with observations and with a higher-resolution model simulation in an environment of similar shear, suggesting that the 5-km horizontal resolution is adequately representing the significant features of the squall line. The major shortcoming of this study is the failure of the cloud model to produce the observed squall line at the proper time. Without the observed small-scale forcing, which was unresolved in the Severe Environmental Storms and Mesoscale Experiment (SESAME) dataset, the model is unable to generate the squall line until a larger-scale convergence area evolves, some 2-3 h after the appearance of the observed squall line. RP HEMLER, RS (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 119 IS 12 BP 3012 EP 3033 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1991)119<3012:ASOASL>2.0.CO;2 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GY090 UT WOS:A1991GY09000016 ER PT J AU BOND, NA SHAPIRO, MA AF BOND, NA SHAPIRO, MA TI RESEARCH AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS OF THE MESOSCALE AND MICROSCALE STRUCTURE OF A COLD-FRONT OVER THE EASTERN PACIFIC-OCEAN SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID STEADY-STATE FRONTS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; HORIZONTAL SHEAR; ZONE SYSTEMS; FRONTOGENESIS; RAINBANDS; MODELS; PRECIPITATION; ORGANIZATION; CONVECTION AB This study describes the structure of an oceanic cold front from research aircraft observations taken during the OCEAN STORMS field experiment. Synoptic and mesoscale analyses compare the structure of an upper-level jet-front system observed slightly downstream from the wind speed maximum (exit region) to its structure in the upstream entrance region. Stratospheric potential vorticity and ozone were found within the frontal zone down to approximately 800 mb. Microscale analyses of the front near the sea surface were carried out for a portion of the front having the signature of a "rope" cloud (shallow cumulus line) in satellite imagery. A narrow (< 1 km) zone of upward motion (approximately 4 m s-1) and of horizontal shear (approximately 10(-2) s-1) characterized the front near the surface. Significant alongfront variability was found, including lateral displacements in the frontal zone where there were weaker updrafts; similar structures have been previously observed along precipitating fronts using Doppler radar. Pressure perturbations measured directly by the aircraft resemble pressure perturbations for a deeper, precipitating front that were derived indirectly from Doppler radar data. Results show that the frontal zone was well defined through the depth of the troposphere, tapering from a width of approximately 100 km in the upper troposphere to approximately 1 km at the surface. The collapse of the front to such a narrow scale within the boundary layer occurred in the absence of precipitation, and obviously, in the absence of topographical influences. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,JOINT INST STUDY ATMOSPHERE & OCEAN,SEATTLE,WA 98195. NOAA,WAVE PROPAGAT LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 43 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 119 IS 12 BP 3080 EP 3094 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1991)119<3080:RAOOTM>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GY090 UT WOS:A1991GY09000019 ER PT J AU BAKER, ET AF BAKER, ET TI MEGAPLUMES SO OCEANUS LA English DT Article C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH OCEANOG,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP BAKER, ET (reprint author), NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INST PI WOODS HOLE PA OCEANUS MAGAZINE, WOODS HOLE, MA 02543 SN 0029-8182 J9 OCEANUS JI Oceanus PD WIN PY 1991 VL 34 IS 4 BP 84 EP 91 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA GZ594 UT WOS:A1991GZ59400012 ER PT J AU SONI, KK WILLIAMS, DB CHABALA, JM LEVISETTI, R NEWBURY, DE AF SONI, KK WILLIAMS, DB CHABALA, JM LEVISETTI, R NEWBURY, DE TI MORPHOLOGICAL AND MICROCHEMICAL PHENOMENA IN THE HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION OF BINARY AL-LI ALLOYS SO OXIDATION OF METALS LA English DT Article DE ALUMINUM-LITHIUM ALLOYS; OXIDATION; OXIDE NUCLEATION; LATERAL OXIDE GROWTH; SECONDARY ION MASS SPECTROMETRY; SCANNING ION MICROPROBE ID ALUMINUM-LITHIUM ALLOYS; SCANNING ION MICROPROBE; THERMAL-OXIDATION; DEPLETION; SURFACE AB The high-temperature oxidation behavior of binary Al-Li alloys has been characterized by scanning electron microscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry in order to understand the mechanism of rapid oxidation in these alloys and to correlate the oxide morphology to its microchemistry. The oxide scale developed on polished specimens during short exposures in air at 530-degrees-C shows characteristic nodules that usually nucleate at grain boundaries. Examination of the alloy surface after removal of the oxide layer shows that the initial growth of the oxide nodules occurs laterally in addition to thickening normal to the oxide/alloy interface. Microchemical analysis of the oxide film with a scanning ion microprobe reveals a thick Li-oxide layer at the oxide/gas interface indicating preferential oxidation of Li at the free surface; the rest of the oxide film is composed of both Al- and Li-rich oxides, probably Li2O and LiAlO2. The presence of trace impurities (K, Na, F, and Cl) in the oxide scale was also detected. A microstructural model for the development of the oxide film in the Al-Li system is presented on the basis of both morphological and microanalytical data obtained in this study; this new model is compared with existing models. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CTR ANALYT CHEM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV CHICAGO,ENRICO FERMI INST,CHICAGO,IL 60637. UNIV CHICAGO,CHICAGO,IL 60637. RP SONI, KK (reprint author), LEHIGH UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,BETHLEHEM,PA 18015, USA. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0030-770X J9 OXID MET JI Oxid. Met. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 36 IS 5-6 BP 361 EP 378 DI 10.1007/BF01151586 PG 18 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA GT558 UT WOS:A1991GT55800001 ER PT J AU LEDBETTER, H KIM, SD ROSHKO, A AF LEDBETTER, H KIM, SD ROSHKO, A TI CRITICAL-TEMPERATURE DEBYE-TEMPERATURE CORRELATION IN (LA-M)2CUO4 SUPERCONDUCTORS SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON CHEMICAL DESIGNING AND PROCESSING OF HIGH-T(C) SUPERCONDUCTORS ( CHEM-HTSC ) CY JUL 27-29, 1991 CL KARUIZAWA, JAPAN SP MINIST EDUC SCI & CULTURE JAPAN, KATO SCI FDN AB We consider three La1.85M0.15CuO4 compounds with M = Ca, Ba, Sr. By measuring ultrasonic sound velocities, we determined the acoustic Debye temperature THETA(D), which at T = 0 K equals the specific-heat Debye temperature. Like conventional BCS material rials, T(c) depends regularly on THETA(D). Unlike BCS materials where T(c) decreases with increasing THETA(D) (lattice softening increases T(c)), T(c) increases with increasing THETA(D). This difference reflects in how the electron-phonon parameter lambda depends on THETA(D). In McMillan's analysis, lambda-is-similar-to-THETA(D)-2. Thus, for conventional materials, the T(c)-THETA(D) curve increases, passes through a maximum at lambda = 2, and then decreases. Keeping the usual T(c)(THETA(D), lambda) models requires us to abandon the lambda-is-similar-to-THETA(D)n-2 relationship and adopt lambda-is-similar-to-THETA(D)n, where n> -lambda. RP LEDBETTER, H (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD DEC PY 1991 VL 190 IS 1-2 BP 129 EP 130 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(05)80224-2 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA HC270 UT WOS:A1991HC27000044 ER PT J AU BALZAR, D LEDBETTER, H ROSHKO, A AF BALZAR, D LEDBETTER, H ROSHKO, A TI STACKING-FAULTS AND MICROSTRAIN IN LA1.85M0.15CUO4 (M = CA, BA, SR) BY ANALYZING X-RAY-DIFFRACTION LINE BROADENING SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONF ON MATERIALS AND MECHANISMS OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY : HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS CY JUL 22-26, 1991 CL KANAZAWA, JAPAN SP CITY KANAZAWA, ISHIKAWA PREFECTURE AB We obtained x-ray diffraction patterns for three oxides: La1.85M0.15CuO4 (M = Ca, Ba, Sr). The superconductors show zero-resistance T(c) values of 19, 28, and 36 K, respectively. Diffraction-line profiles were fit with a convolution of specimen and instrumental functions. The specimen line-broadening angular dependence was analyzed by the Warren-Averbach method of real Fourier coefficients. Stacking-fault probability increases with increasing T(c); microstrain decreases. C1 UNIV ZAGREB,FAC MET,DEPT PHYS,YU-44000 SISAK,YUGOSLAVIA. RP BALZAR, D (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD DEC 1 PY 1991 VL 185 BP 871 EP 872 DI 10.1016/0921-4534(91)91659-R PN 2 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA GW830 UT WOS:A1991GW83000070 ER PT J AU LEDBETTER, H KIM, S TOGANO, K AF LEDBETTER, H KIM, S TOGANO, K TI ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF BI2SR2CA1CU2O8 AND BI2SR1.5CA1.5CU2O8 SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONF ON MATERIALS AND MECHANISMS OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY : HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS CY JUL 22-26, 1991 CL KANAZAWA, JAPAN SP CITY KANAZAWA, ISHIKAWA PREFECTURE AB For polycrystalline Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O (2212 and 2, 1.5, 1.5, 2), we report the 5-295-K elastic constants: shear modulus, Young modulus, bulk modulus, Poisson ratio. The two materials behave differently. The 2212 behaves nearly regularly: for example the bulk modulus increases smoothly and monotonically about 3% between 295 and 5 K, showing little thermal hysteresis. However, during cooling, the higher-calcium material shows a strong elastic softening below 200 K, and also a large thermal hysteresis. The strong mode softening in the higher-calcium material differs from that found in (La-Sr)2CuO4. The extrapolated 0-K elastic constants lead to Debye temperatures of 284 and 269 K. C1 NATL RES INST MET,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 305,JAPAN. RP LEDBETTER, H (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 6 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD DEC 1 PY 1991 VL 185 BP 935 EP 936 DI 10.1016/0921-4534(91)91691-V PN 2 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA GW830 UT WOS:A1991GW83000102 ER PT J AU ISHIDA, T GOLDFARB, RB OKAYASU, S KAZUMATA, Y AF ISHIDA, T GOLDFARB, RB OKAYASU, S KAZUMATA, Y TI STATIC AND NONLINEAR COMPLEX SUSCEPTIBILITY OF YBA2CU3O7 SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL CONF ON MATERIALS AND MECHANISMS OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS 3 CY JUL 22-26, 1991 CL KANAZAWA, JAPAN AB We have investigated the harmonic susceptibility chi-n = chi'n - i-chi"n (n = 1,2,3,...) of sintered YBa2Cu3O7 in the field of H(dc) + H(ac)sin-omega-t. chi'-1 and chi"-1 as functions of temperature depend on both H(ac) and H(dc). Both even and odd chi-n's were detected for nonzero H(dc), but only odd harmonics were observed for zero H(dc). At constant temperature, chi-n is an even function of H(dc) when n is odd while chi-n is an odd function of H(dc) when n is even. We compared experimental features with the prediction of the critical state model. For comparison, the static susceptibility chi-dc of YBa2Cu3O7 was examined as a function of temperature. The chi-dc(T) curve for the zero-field-cooled sample has a two-step structure like chi'-1. However, chi-dc(T) for the sample cooled in small fields is unusual; a negative peak occurs near T(c) and can be explained by flux depinning upon warming. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. JAPAN ATOM ENERGY RES INST,TOKAI,IBARAKI 31911,JAPAN. RP ISHIDA, T (reprint author), IBARAKI UNIV,FAC SCI,DEPT PHYS,MITO,IBARAKI 310,JAPAN. RI Goldfarb, Ronald/A-5493-2011 OI Goldfarb, Ronald/0000-0002-1942-7974 NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD DEC 1 PY 1991 VL 185 BP 2515 EP 2516 DI 10.1016/0921-4534(91)91382-E PN 4 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA GX309 UT WOS:A1991GX30900191 ER PT J AU SUMARLIN, IW LYNN, JW NEUMANN, DA RUSH, JJ PENG, JL LI, ZY HAGEN, SJ AF SUMARLIN, IW LYNN, JW NEUMANN, DA RUSH, JJ PENG, JL LI, ZY HAGEN, SJ TI PHONON DENSITY OF STATES IN PR2-XCEXCUO4 AND PR2CUO4 SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL CONF ON MATERIALS AND MECHANISMS OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS 3 CY JUL 22-26, 1991 CL KANAZAWA, JAPAN AB We report inelastic neutron scattering measurements of the generalized phonon density of states in superconducting Pr2-xCexCuO4 and insulating Pr2CuO4. Substantial decreases in the peak intensities of some of the phonon features, and an increase in the intensity of one of the peaks, were observed as the material is changed from the insulating parent compound to the superconductor. The results suggest that phonons are involved in the formation of the superconducting state in these electron-superconductor materials. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP SUMARLIN, IW (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,CTR SUPERCONDUCT RES,DEPT PHYS,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD DEC 1 PY 1991 VL 185 BP 2571 EP 2572 DI 10.1016/0921-4534(91)91409-W PN 4 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA GX309 UT WOS:A1991GX30900218 ER PT J AU FOLDEAKI, M LEDBETTER, H HIDAKA, Y AF FOLDEAKI, M LEDBETTER, H HIDAKA, Y TI MAGNETIC STUDIES OF PR2-XCEXCUO4-DELTA SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article AB In Pr2-xCexCuO4-delta compounds with x = 0.15, 0.18, we observed superconductivity below about 20 K. We measured magnetic hysteresis at 5 K in fields of 0.01-1.1 T. Above 0.5 T, the single-ion paramagnetism of Pr(3+) overwhelms the superconductivity. After correction, the superconductive M-H hysteresis loop shows a pinched-neck shape, resembling that found in Bi-Pb-Sb-Ca-Sr-Cu-O. This shape is attributed to dynamic flux-depinning effects. Time dependence of both the Meissner effect after zero-field cooling and the remanence after field cooling was studied in a 0.01-T field. It can be described best by an empirical relationship M(t) = M(o)t-alpha, proving the failure of a simple thermally activated flux-creep model. One can interpret this behavior by using a spinglass model in the framework of hierarchically constrained dynamics. C1 NIPPON TELEGRAPH & TEL PUBL CORP, APPL ELECTR LABS, NAKA, IBARAKI 31911, JAPAN. RP FOLDEAKI, M (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 EI 1873-2143 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD DEC 1 PY 1991 VL 185 BP 1127 EP 1128 DI 10.1016/0921-4534(91)91787-5 PN 2 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA GW830 UT WOS:A1991GW83000198 ER PT J AU CATICHA, A CATICHA, N AF CATICHA, A CATICHA, N TI RESONANT CAVITIES FOR X-RAYS - DYNAMIC DIFFRACTION OF DIPOLE RADIATION AT BRAGG ANGLES NEAR PI-2 SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID STANDING-WAVE TECHNIQUE; MOSSBAUER GAMMA-RAYS; EMISSION; LASERS; CRYSTALS AB The X-ray field radiated by a classical oscillating point dipole inside a crystal is calculated in a non perturbative way. In the interesting situation in which Bragg's angle is near to pi/2 it is shown that the crystal acts as a resonant cavity. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,INST PHYS SCI & TECHNOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. UNIV SAO PAULO,INST FIS,BR-01498 SAO PAULO,SP,BRAZIL. RP CATICHA, A (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AKADEMIE VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 168 IS 2 BP 625 EP 633 DI 10.1002/pssb.2221680225 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA GY300 UT WOS:A1991GY30000024 ER PT J AU OBRIAN, TR LAWLER, JE AF OBRIAN, TR LAWLER, JE TI RADIATIVE LIFETIMES IN SI-I FROM LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE IN THE VISIBLE, ULTRAVIOLET, AND VACUUM ULTRAVIOLET SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ABSOLUTE OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; HG VAPOR; SPECTROSCOPY; ELEMENTS; SILICON; SOLAR; LINES; VUV AB Radiative lifetimes for 47 levels in neutral silicon are reported. Lifetimes are measured using time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) on a beam of silicon atoms. The transitions studied span the spectral range 160-410 nm. The experimental methods used are broadly applicable for measuring lifetimes in almost any neutral or singly ionized element using LIF in the visible, ultraviolet, and vacuum-ultraviolet spectral regions. Lifetimes are combined with previously reported branching fractions or branching ratios to generate 36 absolute transition probabilities, most with total uncertainty of 5-10 %. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PHYS,MADISON,WI 53706. RP OBRIAN, TR (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 29 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC 1 PY 1991 VL 44 IS 11 BP 7134 EP 7143 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.44.7134 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA GU882 UT WOS:A1991GU88200020 ER PT J AU GAO, B TABISZ, GC TRIPPENBACH, M COOPER, J AF GAO, B TABISZ, GC TRIPPENBACH, M COOPER, J TI SPECTRAL-LINE SHAPE ARISING FROM COLLISIONAL INTERFERENCE BETWEEN ELECTRIC-DIPOLE-ALLOWED AND COLLISION-INDUCED TRANSITIONS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID INFRARED ROTATIONAL SPECTRUM; INTRACOLLISIONAL INTERFERENCE; INTERCOLLISIONAL INTERFERENCE; LIGHT-SCATTERING; HD; GAS; REDISTRIBUTION; ABSORPTION; RADIATION AB A theory is developed to describe the spectral line shape due to interference between electric-dipole-allowed and collision-induced transitions in pure rotational molecular spectra. Motivation was provided by experimental data available for HD-inert gas systems. This theory is based on a master-equation approach to induced spectra employed by Alber and Cooper [Phys. Rev. A 33, 3084 (1986)]. The active molecule is considered to be immersed in a bath of perturbers. An expression for the absorption coefficient is obtained within the binary collision approximation that contains terms due to allowed, induced, and interference contributions. Effects due to m mixing, J mixing, and successive collisions are included. Low-order approximations of the theory eventually reduce to results of earlier efforts, namely, the pioneering description of collisional interference by Herman, Tipping, and Poll [Phys. Rev A 20, 2006 (1979)] and refinements to it through consideration of rotational level mixing. The principal attribute of this approach is the treatment of allowed and collision-induced transitions in a consistent manner. C1 UNIV MANITOBA,DEPT PHYS,WINNIPEG R3T 2N2,MANITOBA,CANADA. RP GAO, B (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80302, USA. RI Gao, Bo/B-8774-2008 OI Gao, Bo/0000-0002-6680-3725 NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC 1 PY 1991 VL 44 IS 11 BP 7379 EP 7391 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.44.7379 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA GU882 UT WOS:A1991GU88200047 ER PT J AU MIES, FH GIUSTISUZOR, A AF MIES, FH GIUSTISUZOR, A TI WAVE-PACKET ANALYSIS OF LASER-INDUCED HALF-COLLISION PROCESSES SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM DEFECT THEORY; MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; PHOTO-DISSOCIATION; INTENSE FIELDS; HYDROGEN AB The usual approach to calculating multiphoton collision and half-collision processes uses the interaction picture and introduces a classical time-dependent field into the Hamiltonian for the scattered particles, which is further simplified using the Floquet ansatz. In particular, the laser-induced decay of an initial-bound state is derived from a half-collision Floquet ansatz that utilizes a complex quasienergy, whose imaginary part is identified with the laser-induced decay constant of the bound state. This interpretation presupposes a pure exponential decay of the initial-state population and yields a Lorentzian distribution of product-state energies in the infinite-depletion limit. Here we demonstrate how a full-collision Floquet ansatz can be derived from a fully quantal wave packet constructed to represent scattering in the presence of a coherent state of the laser field. The wave packet utilizes the set of the time-independent close-coupled wave functions for scattering in the field generated by quantized radiation number states. The resultant Floquet scattering states are energy normalized and stationary, and the quasienergy is real. We show how to use these states to construct a coherent-state wave packet that describes the decay of an arbitrarily prepared bound state, and yields a half-collision Floquet ansatz without any commitment to a complex quasienergy. The product energy and quantum-state distribution in the infinite-depletion limit are obtained without approximation to exponential decay. Further we show how the Fourier transform of the infinite-depletion line shape gives the temporal behavior of the initial bound-state population, often with distinctly nonexponential behavior. Such results are demonstrated for the above-threshold ionization of H, and the above-threshold dissociation of H-2+. In the following paper [R. W. Heather and F. H. Mies, Phys. Rev. 44, XXXX (1991)], excellent agreement is found between the present fully quantal wave-packet approach, utilizing the time-independent scattering wave functions, and the comparable solutions to the time-dependent Schrodinger equation for a corresponding classical time-dependent laser field. C1 LAB CHIM PHYS PARIS,F-75231 PARIS,FRANCE. RP MIES, FH (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 42 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC 1 PY 1991 VL 44 IS 11 BP 7547 EP 7559 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.44.7547 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA GU882 UT WOS:A1991GU88200062 ER PT J AU HEATHER, RW MIES, FH AF HEATHER, RW MIES, FH TI INTENSE-FIELD PHOTODISSOCIATION OF H-2+ - COMPARISON OF TIME-DEPENDENT AND TIME-INDEPENDENT CALCULATIONS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID HARTREE-FOCK THEORY; MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; LASER FIELDS; SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; PHOTO-DISSOCIATION; XENON; ATOMS; RADIATION; HYDROGEN; NM AB The decay of the initial bound-state population and the fragment kinetic-energy distribution produced by the intense-field photodissociation of H-2+ are calculated using both a time-dependent and a time-independent method. The time-dependent method calculates the time evolution of the wave function describing H-2+ interacting with a classical time-dependent laser field by repeated application of a short-time propagator. The time-independent method constructs a wave packet using the energy eigenstates of the total molecule-plus-field Hamiltonian with the field expressed as a superposition of quantized photon number states. Specifically, the wave packet represents an initial bound-state wave function of the field-free molecule subjected to a coherent photon state that simulates the classical radiation field at t = 0. The subsequent decay of this nonstationary state can be viewed as a laser-induced predissociation of field-dressed bound states into field-dressed continuum states with various numbers of photons absorbed from the field. For very rapid dissociation, the decays of the initial bound-state population calculated by both methods are in good agreement if a square pulse shape is used and the initial phase of the time-dependent interaction is averaged over. The fragment kinetic-energy distributions calculated by the two methods are in good agreement if they are compared at times when there is unit probability for dissociation. For slow to moderately rapid dissociation, averaging over the initial phase of the field is unnecessary because there is no rapid decay component. However, this also implies that the wave function must be propagated over many time steps before complete dissociation is achieved. To avoid this, we describe a procedure for fitting a short-time line-shape function, which represents incomplete dissociation of the initial state, to the nondepletion-limit fragment kinetic-energy distribution. A parametric fit to the calculated distributions allows us to extract very accurate estimates of decay rates, ac Stark shifts, and branching ratios. RP HEATHER, RW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 48 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC 1 PY 1991 VL 44 IS 11 BP 7560 EP 7572 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.44.7560 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA GU882 UT WOS:A1991GU88200063 ER PT J AU VEMURI, G ANDERSON, MH COOPER, J SMITH, SJ AF VEMURI, G ANDERSON, MH COOPER, J SMITH, SJ TI OBSERVATION OF MODULATED HANLE RESONANCES IN PHASE-DIFFUSING OPTICAL-FIELDS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID LASER-BEAMS; FLUORESCENCE; LIGHT; FLUCTUATIONS; LINEWIDTH; CAVITY AB We report an experiment on the observation of Hanle resonances in weakly sinusoidally amplitude modulated, nonsaturating, phase-diffusing optical fields. The 1S0 to 1P1 transition (J = 0 to 1) in an atomic beam of Ba-138 was probed with a frequency stabilized dye laser, whose bandwidth and band shape were precisely controlled with an extra-cavity noise modulation system. Phase-sensitive detection of the Hanle fluorescence signal at the amplitude modulation frequency revealed resonances in the in-phase and in-quadrature parts, whose position, shape, and strength were sensitive to the laser bandwidth. These resonances, which were Lorentzian or dispersion shaped or a combination of the two, occurred when the Zeeman splitting (DELTA-E) of the excited m(j) = +/- 1 sublevels equaled the modulation frequency (OMEGA) for monochromatic light, and at a DELTA-E of OMEGA/2 for broadband light. The results are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions of Saxena and Agarwal [Phys. Rev. A 25, 2123 (1982)]. RP VEMURI, G (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC 1 PY 1991 VL 44 IS 11 BP 7635 EP 7641 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.44.7635 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA GU882 UT WOS:A1991GU88200070 ER PT J AU YOU, L MOSTOWSKI, J COOPER, J SHUKER, R AF YOU, L MOSTOWSKI, J COOPER, J SHUKER, R TI CONE EMISSION FROM LASER-PUMPED 2-LEVEL ATOMS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Note ID CONICAL EMISSION; LIGHT; VAPOR AB In spite of the fact that cone emission was first observed over a decade ago there is still no generally accepted theory of the effect. Here we give an outline of a unified approach and point out a mechanism that supports Cherenkov-type radiation due to vacuum fluctuations as a possible source of cone emission. This can be considered as an additional mechanism to the previously discussed four-wave mixing, and initial encoding and follow-up refraction effects. We compare our treatment to previously considered models. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. POLISH ACAD SCI,INST PHYS,PL-02668 WARSAW,POLAND. BEN GURION UNIV NEGEV,DEPT PHYS,IL-84105 BEER SHEVA,ISRAEL. RP YOU, L (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 12 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC 1 PY 1991 VL 44 IS 11 BP R6998 EP R7001 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA GU882 UT WOS:A1991GU88200008 ER PT J AU BORCHERS, JA SALAMON, MB ERWIN, RW RHYNE, JJ NIEUWENHUYS, GJ DU, RR FLYNN, CP BEACH, RS AF BORCHERS, JA SALAMON, MB ERWIN, RW RHYNE, JJ NIEUWENHUYS, GJ DU, RR FLYNN, CP BEACH, RS TI STRUCTURAL AND MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES OF ER THIN-FILMS AND ER/Y SUPERLATTICES .2. MODIFICATION OF THE COMMENSURATE SPIN STATES SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ISING-MODEL; ERBIUM; MAGNETOELASTICITY; DIFFRACTION AB Continuing the analysis of epitaxial erbium thin films and Er/Y superlattices, we report the effects of basal-plane strain on the modulated spin structure as determined from bulk magnetization and neutron-diffraction measurements detailed in a previous paper [Phys. Rev. B 43, 3123 (1991)]. The phase angle of the c-axis-modulated spin order is larger than that of bulk Er in even the thickest films and is virtually independent of temperature in the superlattices. The sequence and stability of c-axis commensurate states in bulk Er are altered in all samples considered. In the superlattices, the net moment state with four spins up followed by three spins down dominates the temperature and field phase diagram. An additional intermediate spin configuration with a net moment of half the saturation moment develops in the superlattice with the thinnest Er interlayers. A phenomenological calculation of the exchange integral demonstrates that epitaxial strain and lattice clamping can lead to an enhancement of the phase angle. Specifically, additional commensurate phases may arise due to strain-induced variations of the nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor spin interactions, as shown in the context of the axial-next-nearest-neighbor Ising model. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS, DEPT PHYS, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. UNIV ILLINOIS, MAT RES LAB, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. LEIDEN UNIV, KAMERLINGH ONNES LAB, 2300 RA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS. RP NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 20 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 1 PY 1991 VL 44 IS 21 BP 11814 EP 11824 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.44.11814 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA GT901 UT WOS:A1991GT90100031 ER PT J AU NAGLER, SE TENNANT, DA COWLEY, RA PERRING, TG SATIJA, SK AF NAGLER, SE TENNANT, DA COWLEY, RA PERRING, TG SATIJA, SK TI SPIN DYNAMICS IN THE QUANTUM ANTIFERROMAGNETIC CHAIN COMPOUND KCUF3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DIMENSIONAL HEISENBERG-ANTIFERROMAGNET; MAGNETIC CHAINS; FIELD; NEUTRON AB The magnetic excitations of a nearly ideal realization of a one-dimensional S = 1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet, KCuF3, have been studied by inelastic neutron scattering. The experiments were performed using the pulsed neutron source ISIS and show that the magnetic scattering occurs at energies well above the top of the linearized spin-wave band. This result shows that it is essential to take account of quantum effects in discussing the excitations. The results are in excellent accord with theoretical predictions for the dynamical correlation function. C1 UNIV FLORIDA, DEPT PHYS, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 USA. RUTHERFORD APPLETON LAB, DIDCOT OX11 0QX, OXON, ENGLAND. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP UNIV OXFORD, DEPT PHYS, CLARENDON LAB, PK RD, OXFORD, ENGLAND. RI Nagler, Stephen/B-9403-2010; Nagler, Stephen/E-4908-2010; Tennant, David/Q-2497-2015 OI Nagler, Stephen/0000-0002-7234-2339; Tennant, David/0000-0002-9575-3368 NR 27 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 1 PY 1991 VL 44 IS 22 BP 12361 EP 12368 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.44.12361 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA GT902 UT WOS:A1991GT90200025 ER PT J AU WHEELER, AA MCFADDEN, GB MURRAY, BT CORIELL, SR AF WHEELER, AA MCFADDEN, GB MURRAY, BT CORIELL, SR TI CONVECTIVE STABILITY IN THE RAYLEIGH-BENARD AND DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION PROBLEMS - HIGH-FREQUENCY GRAVITY MODULATION SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS A-FLUID DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID BINARY ALLOY; FLUID LAYER; FLOWS; MELT AB The effect of vertical, sinusoidal, time-dependent gravitational acceleration on the onset of solutal convection during directional solidification is analyzed in the limit of large modulation frequency-OMEGA. When the unmodulated state is unstable, the modulation amplitude required to stabilize the system is determined by the method of averaging, and is O(OMEGA). Comparison of the results from the averaged equations with numerical solutions of the full linear stability equations (based on Floquet theory) show that the difference is O(OMEGA-1/2). When the unmodulated state is stable, resonant modes of instability occur at large modulation amplitude. These are analyzed using matched asymptotic expansions to elucidate the boundary-layer structure for both the Rayleigh-Benard and directional solidification configurations. The leading-order term for the modulation amplitude is of O(OMEGA-2); the first-order correction of O(OMEGA-3/2) is calculated, and the results are compared with numerical solutions of the full linear stability equations. Based on these analyses, a thorough examination of the dependence of the stability criteria on the unmodulated Rayleigh number, Schmidt number, and distribution coefficient, is carried out. RP WHEELER, AA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI McFadden, Geoffrey/A-7920-2008 OI McFadden, Geoffrey/0000-0001-6723-2103 NR 18 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0899-8213 J9 PHYS FLUIDS A-FLUID PD DEC PY 1991 VL 3 IS 12 BP 2847 EP 2858 DI 10.1063/1.857830 PG 12 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA GT358 UT WOS:A1991GT35800004 ER PT J AU SILVER, GM FALL, R AF SILVER, GM FALL, R TI ENZYMATIC-SYNTHESIS OF ISOPRENE FROM DIMETHYLALLYL DIPHOSPHATE IN ASPEN LEAF EXTRACTS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID ORTHO-PHOSPHATE; ASSAY; PHOTORESPIRATION; PYROPHOSPHATE; BIOSYNTHESIS; PLANTS; ACID AB Aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) leaf extracts contain a newly discovered enzyme activity that catalyzes the magnesium ion-dependent elimination of diphosphate from dimethylallyl diphosphate with rearrangement to form isoprene (2-methyl,1-3-butadiene). This isoprene synthase activity has been partially purified. The nonenzymatic reaction of dimethylallyl diphosphate to isoprene, known to be acid catalyzed, may be insignificant at physiological pH. In contrast, the enzymatic reaction may be responsible for the majority of light-dependent isoprene production by isoprene-emitting plants. C1 UNIV COLORADO, DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. UNIV COLORADO, NOAA, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP UNIV COLORADO, DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NR 20 TC 132 Z9 135 U1 5 U2 14 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 EI 1532-2548 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 97 IS 4 BP 1588 EP 1591 DI 10.1104/pp.97.4.1588 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GU884 UT WOS:A1991GU88400049 PM 16668590 ER PT J AU WILSON, PR MCINTOSH, PS AF WILSON, PR MCINTOSH, PS TI THE REVERSAL OF THE SOLAR POLAR MAGNETIC-FIELDS .2. SIMULATIONS OF THE LARGE-SCALE FIELDS SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Observations of the first large-scale patterns of magnetic fields near the sunspot minimum of 1986 (the start of cycle 22) are presented using synoptic magnetic data provided by the National Solar Observatory and contour maps constructed from data provided by the Mount Wilson Solar Observatory. The latter are compared with simulated contour maps derived from numerical solutions of the flux transport equation using data from particular Carrington rotations as initial conditions. The simulated evolutions of the large-scale magnetic fields are qualitatively consistent with observed evolutions, but differ in several significant respects. Some of the differences can be removed by varying the diffusivity and the parameters of the large-scale velocity fields. The remaining differences include: (i) the complexity of fine structure, (ii) the response to differential rotation, (iii) the evolution of decaying active regions, and (iv) the emergence of new elements in the weak, large-scale fields independent of the evolution of the observed active regions. It is concluded that the patterns of weak magnetic fields which comprise the large-scale features cannot be formed entirely by the diffusive decay of active regions. There must be a significant contribution to these patterns by non-random flux eruptions within the network structure, independent of active regions. C1 NOAA,SPACE ENVIRONM LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP WILSON, PR (reprint author), UNIV SYDNEY,DEPT APPL MATH,SYDNEY,NSW 2006,AUSTRALIA. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 136 IS 2 BP 221 EP 237 DI 10.1007/BF00146532 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA GW155 UT WOS:A1991GW15500002 ER PT J AU TANUMA, S POWELL, CJ PENN, DR AF TANUMA, S POWELL, CJ PENN, DR TI CALCULATIONS OF ELECTRON INELASTIC MEAN FREE PATHS .2. DATA FOR 27 ELEMENTS OVER THE 50-2000-EV RANGE SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID LOW-ENERGY ELECTRONS; ATTENUATION LENGTHS; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; QUANTITATIVE AES; DEPENDENCE; SCATTERING; SOLIDS; AUGER; COLLISIONS; MODEL AB We report calculations of electron inelastic mean free paths (IMFPs) for 50-2000 eV electrons in a group of 27 elements (C, Mg, Al, Si, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au and Bi). This work extends our previous calculations (Surf. Interface Anal. 11, 577 (1998)) for the 200-2000 eV range. Substantial variations were found in the shapes of the IMFP versus energy curves from element to element over the 50-200 eV range and we attribute these variations to the different inelastic scattering properties of each material. Our calculated IMFPs were fitted to a modified form of the Bethe equation for inelastic electron scattering in matter; this equation has four parameters. These four parameters could be empirically related to several material parameters for our group of elements (atomic weight, bulk density and number of valence electron per atom). IMFPs were calculated from these empirical expressions and we found that the root mean square difference between these IMFPs and those initially calculated was 13%. The modified Bethe equation and our expressions for the four parameters can therefore be used to estimate IMFPs in other materials. The uncertainties in the algorithm used for our IMFP calculation are difficult to estimate but are believed to be largely systematic. Since the same algorithm has been used for calculating IMFPs, our predictive IMFP formula is considered to be particularly useful for predicting the IMFP dependence on energy in the 50-2000 eV range and the material dependence for a given energy. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP TANUMA, S (reprint author), NIPPON MIN CO LTD,ANAL RES CTR,3-17-35 NIIZO MINAMI,TODA,SAITAMA 335,JAPAN. RI Tanuma, Shigeo/H-2681-2011 NR 56 TC 988 Z9 994 U1 12 U2 122 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0142-2421 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 17 IS 13 BP 911 EP 926 DI 10.1002/sia.740171304 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA GZ612 UT WOS:A1991GZ61200002 ER PT J AU TANUMA, S POWELL, CJ PENN, DR AF TANUMA, S POWELL, CJ PENN, DR TI CALCULATIONS OF ELECTRON INELASTIC MEAN FREE PATHS .3. DATA FOR 15 INORGANIC-COMPOUNDS OVER THE 50-2000-EV RANGE SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; LOW-ENERGY ELECTRONS; SILICON DIOXIDE; OXIDIZED SILICON; CROSS-SECTIONS; ESCAPE DEPTHS; SOLIDS; XPS; SCATTERING; INTERFACES AB We report calculations of electron inelastic mean free paths (IMFPs) of 50-2000 eV electrons in a group of 15 inorganic compounds (Al2O3, GaAs, GaP, InAs, InP, InSb, KCl, LiF, NaCl, PbS, PbTe, SiC, Si3N4, SiO2 and ZnS). As was found in similar calculations for a group of 27 elements, there are substantial differences in the shapes of the IMFP versus energy curves from compound to compound for energies below 200 eV; these differences are associated with the different inelastic electron scattering characteristics of each material. Comparisons are made of the calculated IMFPs and the values calculated from the predictive IMFP formula TPP-2 developed from the IMFP calculations for the elements. Deviations in this comparison are found, which correlated with uncertainties of the optical data from which the IMFPs were calculated. The TPP-2 IMFP formula is therefore believed to be a more reliable means for determining IMFPs for these compounds than the direct calculations. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP TANUMA, S (reprint author), NIPPON MIN CO LTD,ANAL RES CTR,3-17-35 NIIZO MINAMI,TODA,SAITAMA 335,JAPAN. RI Tanuma, Shigeo/H-2681-2011 NR 53 TC 557 Z9 559 U1 12 U2 84 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0142-2421 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 17 IS 13 BP 927 EP 939 DI 10.1002/sia.740171305 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA GZ612 UT WOS:A1991GZ61200003 ER PT J AU RADACK, SM AF RADACK, SM TI KUDOS FROM NIST SO SYSTEMS INTEGRATION BUSINESS LA English DT Letter RP RADACK, SM (reprint author), NBS,WASHINGTON,DC 20234, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAHNERS-DENVER PUBLISHING CO PI HIGHLANDS RANCH PA 8773 S RIDGELINE BLVD, HIGHLANDS RANCH, CO 80126-2329 SN 0364-9342 J9 SYST INTEGRAT BUS PD DEC PY 1991 VL 24 IS 12 BP 16 EP 16 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA GU730 UT WOS:A1991GU73000003 ER PT J AU GIORDANO, LA FRITSCH, JM AF GIORDANO, LA FRITSCH, JM TI STRONG TORNADOES AND FLASH-FLOOD PRODUCING RAINSTORMS DURING THE WARM SEASON IN THE MID-ATLANTIC REGION SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB Storm-related literature spanning 45 years (1942-1986) was examined to 1) establish a climatology of strong tornadoes and intense rainstorms for the Mid-Atlantic region, and 2) identify the key environmental features that distinguish the days producing strong convective events. Ninety-three strong tornado events (F3 or greater) and 63 intense rain events (19 cm or more in 12 h or less) were found for the 45-year period and were investigated. The diurnal and monthly distributions of the tornado and rainstorm events correspond well with other known climatological studies of similar events. Analysis of the upper-level flow patterns during the events shows that the Mid-Atlantic region is affected by two distinct regimes during the war-m season. Events near the East Coast most frequently have southwest flow aloft. However, for the Upper Ohio Valley, the direction of the flow aloft varies as the warm season progresses. Spring and autumn events occur mostly with southwest flow aloft, while summer events usually occur with northwest flow. More than three-fourths of all Upper Ohio Valley events occur with northwest flow aloft. The seasonal transition in the direction of flow aloft is linked to the emergence of a long-wave ridge over the Plains states in summer and its subsequent decay in autumn. Since the ridge typically extends only as far east as the Appalachian Mountains (approximately 78-degrees-W longitude), the ridge and its downwind northwest flow seldom affect the East Coast. For the most part, synoptic conditions during the strong convective events depart very little from the mean summertime conditions. Notable exceptions are 1) extremely high dewpoints in the surface-850-mb layer, and 2) stronger low-level clockwise directional shear (mostly in the boundary layer) and helicity. It was also found that most events occur in proximity to an upper-level jet-stream maximum and/or a diffluence zone. The mean environmental conditions during strong tornado events show several differences from conditions during rainstorm events. Specifically, the tornado environment has stronger low-level wind shear and helicity than the rainstorm environment. Copious moisture extends to at least 700 mb in the rainstorm environment, whereas the air in the tornado environment becomes drier than normal in the 850-700-mb layer. Tornadoes favor the warm side of synoptic-scale thermal boundaries, while rainstorms occur with roughly the same frequency on either side of the boundary. Lastly, the upper-level (700-200 mb) wind speeds in the tornado environment are about one-third faster than those in rainstorm environments. Surprisingly, rainstorm wind speeds are about one-third faster than the summertime norm. C1 NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV FORECAST OFF,PITTSBURGH,PA. NR 0 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 6 IS 4 BP 437 EP 455 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1991)006<0437:STAFFP>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GY396 UT WOS:A1991GY39600001 ER PT J AU KEETER, KK CLINE, JW AF KEETER, KK CLINE, JW TI THE OBJECTIVE USE OF OBSERVED AND FORECAST THICKNESS VALUES TO PREDICT PRECIPITATION TYPE IN NORTH-CAROLINA SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB The Local Objective Guidance for Predicting Precipitation Type (LOG/PT) consists of regression equations and nomograms. LOG/PT was designed to address problems inherent in forecasting wintry precipitation across North Carolina, where frozen and freezing precipitation are relatively infrequent, often occurring from mixed precipitation events, and where even small amounts can disrupt communities. Moreover, LOG/PT is an example of employing developmental strategies to maximize the yield from limited resources to produce an objective forecast tool for a critical local-forecast problem. Stepwise linear regression, with modifications to approximate the sigmoid cur-ve associated with logit regression, was used to derive relationships between precipitation type and 1000-700-, 850-700-, and 1000-850-mb thickness values from radiosonde observations (raobs). The soundings were concurrent with, or within 12 h prior to, the onset of the precipitation at the prediction sites. The regression portion of LOG/PT discriminates frozen from liquid precipitation. LOG/PT demonstrated skill in detecting frozen events and in correctly specifying frozen-precipitation forecasts. When used in a perfect prog sense with the nested grid model (NGM) thickness forecasts, LOG/PT showed a tendency to overforecast the frequency of snow. LOG/PT's forecast success was limited by its dependence upon a one-raob prediction site with raobs taken 12 h apart, and the characteristics of the NGM 1000-850-mb thickness forecasts. Operationally, the regression portion has been useful in predicting the location of the snow/rain boundary in storms with relatively narrow precipitation-type transition zones. In addition, nomograms were prepared to differentiate mixed-precipitation events that resulted in measurable amounts of frozen precipitation from those producing only a trace of frozen precipitation, and to identify icing events. Operationally, the nomograms are used to specify precipitation type in storms with broad bands of mixed precipitation. In addition to statistical samples, the operational experience of local forecasters was used to gain insight concerning the forecast performance of LOG/PT and the Model Output Statistics (MOS) Probability of Precipitation Type (PoPT) guidance from the Limited-Area Fine Mesh (LFM) model, LOG/PT provides the forecaster with an additional source of objective precipitation-type guidance that can be helpful, especially when forecast errors in the LFM limit the accuracy of the resulting MOS guidance. Future research efforts directed toward improving the LOG/PT guidance, and increasing the forecaster's knowledge of synoptic features and physical processes that determine precipitation type are also discussed. RP KEETER, KK (reprint author), NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV FORECAST OFF,DURHAM INT AIRPORT,POB 80337,RALEIGH,NC 27623, USA. NR 0 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 6 IS 4 BP 456 EP 469 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1991)006<0456:TOUOOA>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GY396 UT WOS:A1991GY39600002 ER PT J AU HAGEMEYER, BC SCHMOCKER, GK AF HAGEMEYER, BC SCHMOCKER, GK TI CHARACTERISTICS OF EAST-CENTRAL FLORIDA TORNADO ENVIRONMENTS SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB Climatological analyses indicate that strong morning tornadoes in the dry season, and weak afternoon tornadoes in the wet season, are significant forecast problems in east-central Florida. To address this issue, an analysis of upper-air soundings for Tampa Bay, West Palm Beach, and Cape Canaveral, Florida, released within +/- 2 hours of tornado touchdowns in the County Warning Area (CWA) of future National Weather Service (NWS) Weather Forecast Office (WFO), Melbourne, Florida, was completed. Mean dry- and wet-season tornado-proximity soundings to 200 mb were produced, and selected mean diagnostic parameters and variance statistics computed. Both dry- and wet-season tornado environments were associated with deep moist layers overlain by dry air, but no capping inversions. Dry-season cases were characterized by lower-tropospheric theta(W) values well above normal, very low Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) and Bulk Richardson Number (BRN), strong speed and directional shear at low levels, a strong midlevel dry intrusion, and a maximum wind at 200 mb. The thermodynamic environment of the wet-season cases under westerly flow was close to mean seasonal values, but U increased steadily above 650 mb to a mean westerly maximum wind at 275 mb. These middle and upper-level winds, greatly exceeding mean seasonal values, allow thunderstorms developing along low-level convergent boundaries to be organized and sustained by the production of strong, persistent, tilted updrafts and continued low-level inflow of high theta(w) air. RP HAGEMEYER, BC (reprint author), NATL WEATHER SERV OFF,421 CROTON RD,MELBOURNE,FL 32935, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 6 IS 4 BP 499 EP 514 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1991)006<0499:COECFT>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GY396 UT WOS:A1991GY39600005 ER PT J AU FUNK, TW AF FUNK, TW TI FORECASTING TECHNIQUES UTILIZED BY THE FORECAST BRANCH OF THE NATIONAL-METEOROLOGICAL-CENTER DURING A MAJOR CONVECTIVE RAINFALL EVENT SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB Meteorologists within the Forecast Branch (FB) of the National Meteorological Center (NMC) produce operational quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs). These manual forecasts are prepared utilizing various forecasting techniques, which are based on the subjective analysis and interpretation of the observed data and numerical model output. The manual QPFs from NMC generally have proven very successful in improving model QPF. This paper discusses several of the forecasting techniques employed by the FB, emphasizing the importance of subjective interpretation of the model guidance. The use of these methods in preparing a manual QPF for a heavy convective rainfall and flash-flood event that occurred over the southern Plains on 27-28 May 1987 is then examined. Results indicate that the manual QPF was quite successful in improving the models' QPF and generally related well to the observed rainfall of up to 8 inches in this case. Thus, the importance of utilizing subjective techniques in preparing precipitation forecasts is illustrated. RP FUNK, TW (reprint author), NATL WEATHER SERV FORECAST OFF,1020 STANDIFORD LANE,LOUISVILLE,KY 40213, USA. NR 0 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 6 IS 4 BP 548 EP 564 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1991)006<0548:FTUBTF>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GY396 UT WOS:A1991GY39600008 ER PT J AU OVERLAND, JE AF OVERLAND, JE TI PREDICTION OF VESSEL ICING FOR NEAR-FREEZING SEA TEMPERATURES - REPLY SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Letter RP OVERLAND, JE (reprint author), NOAA,PMEL,REPM,BIN C15700,BLDG 3,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 6 IS 4 BP 568 EP 570 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1991)006<0568:R>2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GY396 UT WOS:A1991GY39600010 ER PT J AU MCPHERSON, RD OLSON, DA AF MCPHERSON, RD OLSON, DA TI ON MEDIUM-RANGE MODEL GUIDANCE AND THE 3-5 DAY EXTENDED - REPLY SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Letter RP MCPHERSON, RD (reprint author), NOAA,NATL METEOROL CTR,WORLD WEATHER BLDG,5200 AUTH RD,CAMP SPRINGS,MD 20746, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 6 IS 4 BP 572 EP 572 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1991)006<0572:R>2.0.CO;2 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GY396 UT WOS:A1991GY39600012 ER PT J AU SCHULTZ, P AF SCHULTZ, P TI PROBABILITIES, ODDS, AND FORECASTS OF RARE EVENTS - COMMENT SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Note RP SCHULTZ, P (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,FORECAST SYST LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 6 IS 4 BP 573 EP 574 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1991)006<0573:COOAFO>2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GY396 UT WOS:A1991GY39600013 ER PT J AU MURPHY, AH AF MURPHY, AH TI PROBABILITIES, ODDS, AND FORECASTS OF RARE EVENTS - REPLY SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Letter RP MURPHY, AH (reprint author), NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,NATL METEOROL CTR,CTR CLIMATE ANAL,WWB,ROOM 800,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 6 IS 4 BP 575 EP 575 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1991)006<0575:R>2.0.CO;2 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GY396 UT WOS:A1991GY39600014 ER PT J AU LYNCH, JS AF LYNCH, JS TI MOUNT PINATUBO - EXPLOSIVE VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article RP LYNCH, JS (reprint author), NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,SYNOPT ANAL BRANCH,5200 AUTH RD,CAMP SPRING,MD 20746, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 6 IS 4 BP 576 EP 579 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1991)006<0576:MPVE>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GY396 UT WOS:A1991GY39600015 ER PT J AU STROSCIO, JA EIGLER, DM AF STROSCIO, JA EIGLER, DM TI ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR MANIPULATION WITH THE SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DIRECTIONAL WALK; ELECTROMIGRATION AB The prospect of manipulating matter on the atomic scale has fascinated scientists for decades. This fascination may be motivated by scientific and technological opportunities, or from a curiosity about the consequences of being able to place atoms in a particular location. Advances in scanning tunneling microscopy have made this prospect a reality; single atoms can be placed at selected positions and structures can be built to a particular design atom-by-atom. Atoms and molecules may be manipulated in a variety of ways by using the interactions present in the tunnel junction of a scanning tunneling microscope. Some of these recent developments and some of the possible uses of atomic and molecular manipulation as a tool for science are discussed. C1 IBM CORP,ALMADEN RES CTR,DIV RES,SAN JOSE,CA 95120. RP STROSCIO, JA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTRON & OPT PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 31 TC 691 Z9 703 U1 14 U2 145 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 29 PY 1991 VL 254 IS 5036 BP 1319 EP 1326 DI 10.1126/science.254.5036.1319 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA GR777 UT WOS:A1991GR77700042 PM 17773601 ER PT J AU STEINFELD, JI RUTTENBERG, P MILLOT, G FANJOUX, G LAVOREL, B AF STEINFELD, JI RUTTENBERG, P MILLOT, G FANJOUX, G LAVOREL, B TI SCALING LAWS FOR INELASTIC-COLLISION PROCESSES IN DIATOMIC-MOLECULES SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ROTATIONAL ENERGY-TRANSFER; STATE CROSS-SECTIONS; INVERSE RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; INFRARED DOUBLE-RESONANCE; TUNABLE DIODE-LASER; Q-BRANCH; THEORETICAL-ANALYSIS; HALOGEN MOLECULES; FREQUENCY-SHIFT; QUANTUM NUMBER AB A variety of fitting and scaling laws have been developed for the purpose of modeling rotational energy transfer (RET) in diatomic molecules. These include exponential energy gap (EGL), statistical power gap (SPG), and dynamically based angular-momentum scaling laws (e.g., the energy-corrected sudden approximation, ECS). These scaling laws are tested against state-to-state energy-transfer data for diatomic halogens, and stimulated Raman Q-branch band shapes in nitrogen. For state-to-state RET in halogens, an ECS scaling law, modified to account for restrictions on angular-momentum transfer, is found to be superior to the EGL. When all available data on Raman band shapes in N2, particularly including the collision-induced Raman line shifts, are taken into account, the angular-momentum-based ECS-EP scaling law again provides the best representation of the data. We conclude that dynamically based scaling laws are to be preferred for modeling rotational energy transfer in diatomic molecules. Several unresolved questions and possible future directions for energy-transfer scaling laws and fitting procedures are discussed, including extension to polyatomic systems, possible contributions to the line width from elastic dephasing processes, and the development of global fitting procedures which will simultaneously account for line shape, line shift, and (when available) state-to-state RET measurements on molecular systems. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,CTR ATOM COLLIS DATA,BOULDER,CO 80302. UNIV BOURGOGNE,SPECTRON MOLEC & INSTRUMENTAT LASER LAB,CNRS,URA 777,F-21000 DIJON,FRANCE. RP STEINFELD, JI (reprint author), MIT,DEPT CHEM,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139, USA. NR 60 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD NOV 28 PY 1991 VL 95 IS 24 BP 9638 EP 9647 DI 10.1021/j100177a010 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA GR846 UT WOS:A1991GR84600010 ER PT J AU TSUTSUMI, N DAVIS, GT DEREGGI, AS AF TSUTSUMI, N DAVIS, GT DEREGGI, AS TI MEASUREMENT OF THE INTERNAL ELECTRIC-FIELD IN A FERROELECTRIC COPOLYMER OF VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE AND TRIFLUOROETHYLENE USING ELECTROCHROMIC DYES SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID 52/48 MOL-PERCENT; CO-POLYMERS; CURIE TRANSITION; BEHAVIOR; SAMPLES AB This paper presents a measurement of the internal electric field induced by poling in a feroelectric copolymer of 75 mol % vinylidene fluoride and 25 mol % trifluorethylene (VDF-TrFE copolymer) using the electrochromism of dyes, 4-(dimethylamino)-4'-nitrostilbene (DANS) and 2-methyl-4-nitroaniline (MNA), dissolved in the copolymer. As a result of poling, the absorption intensity decreases, the peak position of the original band shifts to longer wavelength, and the width of the band slightly increases. These changes in the absorption spectra of DANS and MNA after removal of the poling field have been interpreted to assess the internal electric field E(i) created by the oriented crystallite dipoles in the VDF-TrFE copolymer. E(i) values were calculated from an analysis of the differential spectrum after and before poling, using theoretical expressions involving the first and second derivatives of the original spectrum. E(i) values increase with increasing remanent polarization P(R), achieving a value of 3.4-3.9 MV/cm at P(R) = 6.1-mu-C/cm2 after poling at a maximum electric field of 1.15 MV/cm. In the process of thermal annealing after poling, E(i) increases slightly in the vicinity of 80-degrees-C and above this temperature gradually decreases until an abrupt decrease occurs near 135-degrees-C corresponding to the total loss of polarization at the Curie temperature. Furthermore, a new absorption band arises and its intensity increases upon poling at higher electric field or upon thermal annealing after poling. This new absorption band is ascribed to that of a protonated species of the dye which implies that HF is generated upon poling and thermally dissociates into H+ and F-. The intensity ratio of the new to the original band increases with increasing annealing temperature up to 80-degrees-C but decreases above 80-degrees-C, suggesting that the generated HF is lost from the sample film above 80-degrees-C. Therefore, the slight increase of E(i) in the vicinity of 80-degrees-C may be due to a loss of ionic countercharges at crystal-amorphous interfaces. Somewhat higher E(i) and higher P(R) are measured for a sample annealed prior to poling. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. KYOTO INST TECHNOL,DEPT POLYMER SCI & ENGN,SAKYO KU,KYOTO 606,JAPAN. NR 28 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD NOV 25 PY 1991 VL 24 IS 24 BP 6392 EP 6398 DI 10.1021/ma00024a004 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA GR752 UT WOS:A1991GR75200004 ER PT J AU VANVALIN, CC LURIA, M RAY, JD BOATMAN, JF AF VANVALIN, CC LURIA, M RAY, JD BOATMAN, JF TI A COMPARISON OF SURFACE AND AIRBORNE TRACE GAS MEASUREMENTS AT A RURAL PENNSYLVANIA SITE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; SENSITIVITY; OZONE AB A comparison of trace gas concentrations between a ground sampling site and an instrumented aircraft was performed at the Scotia field site in central Pennsylvania. The comparison included four research flights in August 1988. The ground site was operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Aeronomy Laboratory, and the NOAA King Air instrumented aircraft was operated by the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory. The study demonstrates continuity in the values of the state parameters (wind speed and direction, temperature, and dew point) from the surface to the aircraft observations at the times of the four flights. Considered within the context of the differing time-space scales, continuity was also demonstrated in the trace gas measurements. The aircraft and surface measurements of the trace gas concentrations were in better agreement when the aircraft measurements demonstrated uniform concentrations over the length of the flight path. The mean O3 and H2O2 values of the lowest-altitude aircraft readings were usually greater than those measured at the surface, thus indicating higher-altitude sources and removal processes at lower altitudes. The aircraft-measured values for SO2, NOy, and hydrocarbons were usually lower than those measured at the surface, as expected for primary pollutants emitted near ground level. Closer agreement was obtained in the comparisons of secondary (O3, H2O2) than of primary (SO2, NOy, hydrocarbons) pollutants. C1 UNIV COLORADO, NOAA, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM, DEPT ENVIRONM SCI, JERUSALEM, ISRAEL. RP VANVALIN, CC (reprint author), NOAA, AIR RESOURCES LAB, AEROSOL RES SECT, 325 BROADWAY, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 20 PY 1991 VL 96 IS D11 BP 20745 EP 20754 DI 10.1029/91JD02041 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GR285 UT WOS:A1991GR28500005 ER PT J AU HAMILTON, K AF HAMILTON, K TI CLIMATOLOGICAL STATISTICS OF STRATOSPHERIC INERTIA-GRAVITY WAVES DEDUCED FROM HISTORICAL ROCKETSONDE WIND AND TEMPERATURE DATA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; SEMIANNUAL OSCILLATION; MOMENTUM BALANCE; HEMISPHERE; MESOSPHERE; DRAG AB Ten years of rocketsonde observations of wind and temperature in the 28-57 km height range at 12 stations (spanning 8-degrees-S to 76-degrees-N) were analyzed. The aim was to determine the geographical and seasonal variation of statistics relating to the propagation of inertia-gravity waves. As noted by earlier investigators, there is a clear tendency for the rocketsonde hodographs to display clockwise rotation with height in the extratropical northern hemisphere. This is consistent with the notion that the variations are dominated by inertia-gravity waves with upward energy propagation. By using the wind and temperature data simultaneously it was possible to determine a dominant direction of horizontal wave propagation for each profile. This quantity has an impressive seasonal variation in mid-latitudes, with strong eastward propagation apparent in summer and generally westward propagation in winter. This seasonal cycle is consistent with theoretical notions of how the mean flow ought to affect wave propagation. Two stations within 10-degrees of the equator are included in this analysis. The results at these near-equatorial stations contrast strongly with those at higher latitudes. There is a clear tendency for the hodographs at these stations to display quite linear polarization (rather than the systematic rotation generally seen at higher latitudes). The wind variations also show a remarkable tendency to align themselves in the zonal direction. When the wind and temperature variations are used together, it can be shown that the variations seen are consistent with a clear dominance of eastward propagation. RP HAMILTON, K (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV, NOAA, GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB, POB 308, PRINCETON, NJ 08542 USA. NR 22 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 20 PY 1991 VL 96 IS D11 BP 20831 EP 20839 DI 10.1029/91JD02188 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GR285 UT WOS:A1991GR28500012 ER PT J AU KIM, S BAE, IT SANDIFER, M ROSS, PN CARR, R WOICIK, J ANTONIO, MR SCHERSON, DA AF KIM, S BAE, IT SANDIFER, M ROSS, PN CARR, R WOICIK, J ANTONIO, MR SCHERSON, DA TI INSITU XANES OF AN IRON PORPHYRIN IRREVERSIBLY ADSORBED ON AN ELECTRODE SURFACE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY ABSORPTION; SPECTROSCOPY; MOSSBAUER; EXAFS AB In situ iron K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure, XANES, has been employed to examine the axial coordination of (mu-oxo)bis[iron meso-tetrakis(4-methoxyphenyl)porphyrin] (FeTMPP)2O, irreversibly adsorbed on a high area carbon substrate, Black Pearl (BP), as a function of applied potential. Analysis of the XANES provides conclusive evidence that the coordination about Fe3+ in the supported, fully oxidized macrocycle is remarkably different from that about Fe2+ in the corresponding fully reduced macrocycle. In the adsorbed, oxidized state, (FeTMPP)2O retains its mu-oxo character and it undergoes a two-electron reduction to yield predominantly four-coordinate square-planar FeTMPP without axial ligation. C1 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,CASE CTR ELECTROCHEM SCI,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. BP RES,CLEVELAND,OH 44128. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB,STANFORD,CA 94305. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 20 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 20 PY 1991 VL 113 IS 24 BP 9063 EP 9066 DI 10.1021/ja00024a006 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA GQ931 UT WOS:A1991GQ93100006 ER PT J AU GABUTTI, B KALLA, SL HUBBELL, JH AF GABUTTI, B KALLA, SL HUBBELL, JH TI SOME EXPANSIONS RELATED TO THE HUBBELL RECTANGULAR-SOURCE INTEGRAL SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE ERROR-BOUND ANALYSIS; HUBBELL INTEGRAL; HYPERGEOMETRIC FUNCTION; RADIATION FIELD; RECTANGULAR SOURCE; SERIES EXPANSIONS ID RADIATION-FIELD AB Four series expansions are presented and examined for the Hubbell rectangular-source integral f(a, b) = integral-0b arctan(a/square-root 1 + x2)(square-root 1 + x2)-1 dx for the extremal situations when one or both of the parameters a, b tend to zero or infinity. C1 UNIV TURIN,IST CALCOLO NUMER,I-10123 TURIN,ITALY. UNIV ZULIA,FAC INGN,DIV CURSOS POSTGRADO,MARACAIBO,VENEZUELA. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV IONIZING RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 12 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0427 J9 J COMPUT APPL MATH JI J. Comput. Appl. Math. PD NOV 18 PY 1991 VL 37 IS 1-3 BP 273 EP 285 DI 10.1016/0377-0427(91)90124-3 PG 13 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA GT305 UT WOS:A1991GT30500026 ER PT J AU GATEHOUSE, BM PLATTS, SN ROTH, RS AF GATEHOUSE, BM PLATTS, SN ROTH, RS TI STRUCTURE OF LOW-BA3P4O13 SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-CRYSTAL STRUCTURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; BA3V4O13 AB Ba3P4O13, M(r) = 743.88, triclinic, P1BAR, a = 5.691 (5), b = 7.238 (7), c = 8.006 (5) angstrom, alpha = 83.65 (5), beta = 75.95 (8), gamma = 70.49 (7)-degrees, V = 301.4 angstrom 3, Z = 1, D(x) = 4.10 Mg m-3, lambda(Mo K-alpha) = 0.7107 angstrom, mu = 10.29 mm-1, F(000) = 332, T = 293 K, final R = 0.039 for 1222 counter-measured reflections. The structure comprises Ba2+ ions and non-centrosymmetric [P4O13]6- polyanions consisting of four corner-shared phosphorus-oxygen tetrahedra with a P-P-P-P torsion angle of 180-degrees. The mean P-O and Ba-O distances are 1.53 and 2.77 angstrom respectively. C1 US DEPT COMMERCE,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP GATEHOUSE, BM (reprint author), MONASH UNIV,DEPT CHEM,CLAYTON,VIC 3168,AUSTRALIA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 2 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0108-2701 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR C JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. C-Cryst. Struct. Commun. PD NOV 15 PY 1991 VL 47 BP 2285 EP 2287 DI 10.1107/S0108270191006339 PN 11 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA GR136 UT WOS:A1991GR13600006 ER PT J AU CALDARONE, EM BUCKLEY, LJ AF CALDARONE, EM BUCKLEY, LJ TI QUANTITATION OF DNA AND RNA IN CRUDE TISSUE-EXTRACTS BY FLOW-INJECTION ANALYSIS SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HOECHST 33258; LARVAE RP CALDARONE, EM (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES CTR,NARRAGANSETT LAB,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882, USA. NR 18 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD NOV 15 PY 1991 VL 199 IS 1 BP 137 EP 141 DI 10.1016/0003-2697(91)90281-W PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA GQ785 UT WOS:A1991GQ78500022 PM 1725474 ER PT J AU SANDER, LC PARRIS, RM WISE, SA GARRIGUES, P AF SANDER, LC PARRIS, RM WISE, SA GARRIGUES, P TI SHAPE-DISCRIMINATION IN LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY USING CHARGE-TRANSFER PHASES SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; BONDED STATIONARY PHASE; RETENTION; SELECTIVITY; ISOMERS; SILICA; PERFORMANCE; SEPARATION; SOLUTE; COLUMN AB A variety of factors affect the ability of a given column to discriminate between compounds on the basis of shape (shape selectivity). In reversed-phase systems, bonded phases based on monomeric surface modification exhibit low shape selectivity; phases based on polymeric surface modifications exhibit enhanced shape selectivity. Even greater shape specificity is exhibited by charge-transfer columns, operated in the normal-phase mode. In this work, the retention behavior of electron-acceptor and electron-donor charge-transfer phases was studied for the separation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon isomers (PAHs), methyl-substituted PAHs, and polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (PCBs). In all cases, planar compounds were retained in preference to corresponding nonplanar analogues. C1 UNIV BORDEAUX 1,CNRS,UA 348,F-33405 TALENCE,FRANCE. RP SANDER, LC (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 37 TC 62 Z9 61 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 15 PY 1991 VL 63 IS 22 BP 2589 EP 2597 DI 10.1021/ac00022a011 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA GP581 UT WOS:A1991GP58100011 ER PT J AU RICHTER, LJ BUNTIN, SA KING, DS CAVANAGH, RR AF RICHTER, LJ BUNTIN, SA KING, DS CAVANAGH, RR TI CONSTRAINTS ON THE USE OF POLARIZATION AND ANGLE-OF-INCIDENCE TO CHARACTERIZE SURFACE PHOTOREACTIONS SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOCHEMISTRY; PD(111); NO AB It is demonstrated that for substrates with a large absolute value of the dielectric constant, comparison between surface photoreaction experiments and calculations of both the substrate absorption and the surface electric fields cannot distinguish between a substrate-mediated mechanism and a direct excitation mechanism characterized by a transition moment predominantly parallel to the surface. These two mechanisms cannot be distinguished since the rate for a direct excitation process is related to the incident-beam irradiance, while the rate for a substrate-mediated process is related to the irradiance intercepted by the surface. RP RICHTER, LJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 NR 13 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 1991 VL 186 IS 4-5 BP 423 EP 426 DI 10.1016/0009-2614(91)90202-K PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA GR256 UT WOS:A1991GR25600017 ER PT J AU RAYNES, AS FREIMAN, SW GAYLE, FW KAISER, DL AF RAYNES, AS FREIMAN, SW GAYLE, FW KAISER, DL TI FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS OF YBA2CU3O6+DELTA SINGLE-CRYSTALS - ANISOTROPY AND TWINNING EFFECTS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID YBA2CU3O7-X; GROWTH AB Indentation/crack length measurements were used to determine hardness and fracture toughness in twinned and detwinned single crystals of YBa2Cu3O6+delta (YBCO). Hardness was found to be isotropic and unaffected by twin boundaries or moisture; the average hardness value was 9.5 GPa. Fracture toughness (K(c)) was determined to be anisotropic with the average value for cracks running perpendicular to the basal plane being approximately twice that of cracks parallel to the basal plane; thus, cleavage is easier along basal planes. In addition, the results suggest a small but measurable anisotropy in K(c) between the a and b directions. Twin boundaries were found to toughen YBCO, enhancing K(c) by about 25%. Moisture promoted crack growth, degrading K(c) by about 35%. RP RAYNES, AS (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 11 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 1991 VL 70 IS 10 BP 5254 EP 5257 DI 10.1063/1.350234 PN 1 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA GQ943 UT WOS:A1991GQ94300012 ER PT J AU FOLDEAKI, M LEDBETTER, H HIDAKA, Y AF FOLDEAKI, M LEDBETTER, H HIDAKA, Y TI MAGNETIC-SUSCEPTIBILITY OF PR2CUO4 MONOCRYSTALS AND POLYCRYSTALS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTALS; ND2CUO4 AB We measured the field dependence and temperature dependence of Pr2CuO4 monocrystals and polycrystals and found indications of field-dependent Cu+2-Pr+3 interactions. One can interpret the non-Curie-Weiss behavior by considering crystal-field effects. C1 NIPPON TELEGRAPH & TEL PUBL CORP LABS, IBARAKI 31911, JAPAN. RP FOLDEAKI, M (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 1991 VL 70 IS 10 BP 5736 EP 5738 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA GQ945 UT WOS:A1991GQ94500003 ER PT J AU KAISER, DL GAYLE, FW SWARTZENDRUBER, LJ BENNETT, LH MCMICHAEL, RD AF KAISER, DL GAYLE, FW SWARTZENDRUBER, LJ BENNETT, LH MCMICHAEL, RD TI EFFECT OF TWIN BOUNDARIES ON FLUX PINNING IN YBA2CU3O7-X AT LOW AND INTERMEDIATE MAGNETIC-FIELDS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH JOINT MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS - INTERM CONF CY JUN 18-21, 1991 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP AMER INST PHYS, IEEE, MAGNET SOC ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; BA2YCU3O7; GROWTH AB Magnetic measurements on a single crystal of YBa2Cu3O7-x in the twinned and detwinned states have demonstrated that flux pinning by twin boundaries is strongly dependent upon temperature and the magnitude and orientation of the applied field with respect to the crystallographic orientation. For applied magnetic fields perpendicular to the c axis, no effect of twin boundaries on flux pinning was found at any temperature. In contrast, for fields up to 400 Oe aligned parallel to the c axis, the hysteresis loops at 77 K clearly showed increased pinning due to twin boundaries. At 40 K and low fields (H < 500 Oe) the flux pinning was nearly the same for the twinned and detwinned states, whereas at higher fields (up to 40 kOe), pinning was higher in the twinned state. At this temperature, a tendency toward flux depinning occurred in the detwinned state at about 10 kOe, and both the twinned and detwinned states exhibited a more rigid flux structure at 50 kOe than at 10 kOe. RP KAISER, DL (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI McMichael, Robert/J-8688-2012; OI McMichael, Robert/0000-0002-1372-664X NR 11 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 1991 VL 70 IS 10 BP 5739 EP 5741 DI 10.1063/1.350145 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA GQ945 UT WOS:A1991GQ94500004 ER PT J AU CLINTON, TW LYNN, JW LIU, JZ JIA, YX SHELTON, RN AF CLINTON, TW LYNN, JW LIU, JZ JIA, YX SHELTON, RN TI MAGNETIC ORDER OF DY IN DYBA2CU3O7 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH JOINT MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS - INTERM CONF CY JUN 18-21, 1991 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP AMER INST PHYS, IEEE, MAGNET SOC ID ERBA2CU3O7; ER AB Neutron diffraction has been used to study the magnetic fluctuations and long range order of the Dy ions in single crystals of superconducting DyBa2Cu3O7. The temperature dependence of the rod of scattering, characteristic of 2D behavior, has been measured above and below the 3D Neel temperature (T(N) congruent-to 0.9 K). This rod intensity is observed to increase as the temperature decreases until T(N) is reached, and then the intensity decreases rapidly below T(N). The 2D magnetic correlation length, which is obtained from measurements of the width of the rod, grows continuously with decreasing temperature, then reaches a resolution-limited maximum at the Neel temperature when long range magnetic order sets in. At low T, two separate types of simple 3D antiferromagnetic structures are found, one characterized by a wave vector of (1/2 1/2 0), and the other by (1/21/21/2). We believe the two types of order occur because the (dipolar) energies for these two configurations are nearly identical. This behavior is analogous to the 2D and 3D magnetic order of Er observed in ErBa2Cu3O7. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT PHYS,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP CLINTON, TW (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,CTR SUPERCONDUCT RES,DEPT PHYS,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 11 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 1991 VL 70 IS 10 BP 5751 EP 5753 DI 10.1063/1.350149 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA GQ945 UT WOS:A1991GQ94500008 ER PT J AU BENNETT, WR SCHWARZACHER, W EGELHOFF, WF AF BENNETT, WR SCHWARZACHER, W EGELHOFF, WF TI CONCURRENT ENHANCEMENT OF KERR ROTATION AND ANTIFERROMAGNETIC COUPLING IN EPITAXIAL FE/CU/FE STRUCTURES SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH JOINT MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS - INTERM CONF CY JUN 18-21, 1991 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP AMER INST PHYS, IEEE, MAGNET SOC RP BENNETT, WR (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV SURFACE SCI,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 1991 VL 70 IS 10 BP 5881 EP 5881 DI 10.1063/1.350093 PN 2 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA GQ945 UT WOS:A1991GQ94500056 ER PT J AU KLOSOWSKI, P GIEBULTOWICZ, TM RHYNE, JJ SAMARTH, N LUO, H FURDYNA, JK AF KLOSOWSKI, P GIEBULTOWICZ, TM RHYNE, JJ SAMARTH, N LUO, H FURDYNA, JK TI ANTIFERROMAGNETISM IN EPILAYERS AND SUPERLATTICES CONTAINING ZINCBLENDE MNSE AND MNTE SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH JOINT MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS - INTERM CONF CY JUN 18-21, 1991 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP AMER INST PHYS, IEEE, MAGNET SOC ID PHASE-TRANSITION AB New zinc-blende Mn-based magnetic semiconductors offer unique insights into the magnetic order and critical behavior of frustrated antiferromagnets. Molecular beam epitaxy grown samples exist both in the form of strained superlattices, with strain induced anisotropies (MnSe/ZnSe and MnTe/ZnTe), and in the form of near-isotropic bulk MnTe. The tetragonally distorted strained superlattices exhibit a second-order phase transition, consistent with symmetry arguments favoring such behavior. In contrast, the bulk-like epitaxial layers of MnTe have a first-order phase transition, associated with magnetostriction, unknown to an unaccounted for by the previous studies. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. MISSOURI UNIV RES REACTOR,COLUMBIA,MO. RP KLOSOWSKI, P (reprint author), UNIV NOTRE DAME,NOTRE DAME,IN 46556, USA. RI Samarth, Nitin/C-4475-2014 OI Samarth, Nitin/0000-0003-2599-346X NR 10 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 1991 VL 70 IS 10 BP 6221 EP 6223 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA GQ945 UT WOS:A1991GQ94500169 ER PT J AU CAO, G YUEN, T PERNAMBUCOWISE, P CROW, JE OREILLY, JW KURIC, MV GUERTIN, RP ROSOV, N LYNN, JW AF CAO, G YUEN, T PERNAMBUCOWISE, P CROW, JE OREILLY, JW KURIC, MV GUERTIN, RP ROSOV, N LYNN, JW TI THERMODYNAMIC AND MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES OF THE TETRAVALENT RARE-EARTH PEROVSKITE SYSTEM BAPRO3 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH JOINT MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS - INTERM CONF CY JUN 18-21, 1991 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP AMER INST PHYS, IEEE, MAGNET SOC AB The temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility chi(T) and heat capacity C(T), the temperature and field dependence of the magnetization M(T,H), and neutron diffraction have been measured in the tetravalent perovskite system BaPrO3. A clear anomaly, observed in C(T), chi(T), and neutron scattering data at 11.7 K is attributed to antiferromagnetic alignment of Pr. Magnetization indicates that this ordering is insensitive to magnetic fields with T(N) being independent of H for H < 12 T. High-field isotherms show an upward kink in slope at 12.7 T independent of temperature for T < 9.5 K, suggestive of a spin reorientation transition. Sn-119 Mossbauer data for BaPr0.95Sn0.05O3 indicate a quadrupole splitting at 300 K that broadens below T(N) due to a hyperfine field. C1 FLORIDA STATE UNIV,MARTECH,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32306. TUFTS UNIV,DEPT PHYS,MEDFORD,MA 02155. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT PHYS,CTR SUPERCONDUCT RES,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP CAO, G (reprint author), TEMPLE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19122, USA. NR 7 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 1991 VL 70 IS 10 BP 6332 EP 6334 DI 10.1063/1.349959 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA GQ945 UT WOS:A1991GQ94500208 ER PT J AU DEETER, MN ROSE, AH DAY, GW SAMUELSON, S AF DEETER, MN ROSE, AH DAY, GW SAMUELSON, S TI SENSITIVITY LIMITS TO FERRIMAGNETIC FARADAY-EFFECT MAGNETIC-FIELD SENSORS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH JOINT MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS - INTERM CONF CY JUN 18-21, 1991 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP AMER INST PHYS, IEEE, MAGNET SOC ID IRON-GARNET; OPTIC PROPERTIES AB In general, the sensitivity of ferrimagnetic Faraday effect magnetic field sensors is a function of both the crystal geometry and composition. The geometrical dependence of the sensitivity in nonellipsoidal crystals, such as cylinders, is complicated by their spatially nonuniform demagnetizing factors. We compare sensitivity data obtained from a variety of cylindrical iron garnet samples with models which predict the effective demagnetizing factor N(eff) as a function of the length-to-diameter ratio. With respect to composition, we present experimental results of sensitivity vs diamagnetic substitution (x) in the iron garnet series Y3Fe5-xGaxO12. As expected, the sensitivity rises sharply as x approaches the compositional compensation point. C1 DELTRON CRYSTAL IND INC,DOVER,NJ 07801. RP DEETER, MN (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Deeter, Merritt/O-6078-2016 OI Deeter, Merritt/0000-0002-3555-0518 NR 11 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 1991 VL 70 IS 10 BP 6407 EP 6409 DI 10.1063/1.349910 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA GQ945 UT WOS:A1991GQ94500233 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, RD AF JOHNSON, RD TI EXCITED ELECTRONIC STATES OF THE TROPYL (CYCLO-C7H7) RADICAL SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPECTRUM AB Two-photon electronic absorption spectra of the tropyl radical (cyclic C7H7 ) have been observed by resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization spectroscopy (REMPI) from 415 to 590 nm, corresponding to 34 000-48 000 cm-1. Two Rydberg series are assigned and an ionization potential determined: np, delta = 0.35; nf, delta = 0.05; I.P. = 50 177 cm-1. Vibrational activity of the Rydberg states was observed and the frequencies were found to be similar to the ion: omega-2 = 862 cm-1 (ring breathing); 2-omega-18 = 1528 cm-1 (ring bending); and 2-omega-20 = 1284 cm-1 (CH out-of-plane bend). RP JOHNSON, RD (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 1991 VL 95 IS 10 BP 7108 EP 7113 DI 10.1063/1.461387 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA GN533 UT WOS:A1991GN53300009 ER PT J AU SCHWARZER, M HANSEL, A FREYSINGER, W OBERHOFER, N LINDINGER, W FERGUSON, EE AF SCHWARZER, M HANSEL, A FREYSINGER, W OBERHOFER, N LINDINGER, W FERGUSON, EE TI THERMAL-ENERGY REACTIONS OF N2+ (NU = 1) WITH SF6, H2, D2, H, AND D SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHARGE-TRANSFER REACTION; NO+(V) IONS; COLLISIONAL RELAXATION; ASSOCIATION; HYDROGEN; CO+; O-2; N+ AB The very fast charge transfer of N2+ with SF6 and the H abstraction from H-2 by N2+ are found not to be detectably diminished by vibrational excitation of N2+ to v = 1. No vibrational quenching was observed in either case, establishing an upper limit of almost-equal-to 5% to the vibrational quenching efficiency. No reaction of N2+ with H or D was observed, k < 10(-11) cm3 s-1, and no vibrational quenching was observed in either case, k(q) < 3 X 10(-11) cm3 s-1. C1 NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80302. RP SCHWARZER, M (reprint author), UNIV INNSBRUCK,INST IONENPHYS,TECHNIKERSTR 25,A-6020 INNSBRUCK,AUSTRIA. RI Hansel, Armin/F-3915-2010 OI Hansel, Armin/0000-0002-1062-2394 NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 1991 VL 95 IS 10 BP 7344 EP 7347 DI 10.1063/1.461412 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA GN533 UT WOS:A1991GN53300034 ER PT J AU AAGAARD, K FAHRBACH, E MEINCKE, J SWIFT, JH AF AAGAARD, K FAHRBACH, E MEINCKE, J SWIFT, JH TI SALINE OUTFLOW FROM THE ARCTIC-OCEAN - ITS CONTRIBUTION TO THE DEEP WATERS OF THE GREENLAND, NORWEGIAN, AND ICELAND SEAS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID MEDITERRANEAN SEAS; CIRCULATION AB Since 1985 various investigators have proposed that Norwegian Sea deep water (NSDW) is formed by mixing of warm and saline deep water from the Arctic Ocean with the much colder and fresher deep water formed by convection in the Greenland Sea (GSDW). We here report on new observations which suggest significant modification and expansion of this conceptual model. We find that saline outflows from the Arctic Ocean result in several distinct intermediate and deep salinity maxima within the Greenland Sea; the southward transport of the two most saline modes is probably near 2 Sv. Mixing of GSDW and the main outflow core found over the Greenland slope, derived from about 1700 m in the Arctic Ocean, cannot by itself account for the properties of NSDW. Instead, the formation of NSDW must at least in part involve a source which in the Arctic Ocean is found below 2000 m. The mixing of various saline outflows is diapycnal. While significant NSDW production appears to occur in northern Fram Strait, large amounts of saline Arctic Ocean outflow also traverse the western Greenland Sea without mixing and enter the Iceland Sea. During the past decade, deep convection in the Greenland Sea has been greatly reduced, while deep outflow from the Arctic Ocean appears to have continued, resulting in a markedly warmer, slightly more saline, and less dense deep regime in the Greenland Sea. C1 ALFRED WEGENER INST POLAR & MARINE RES,W-2850 BREMERHAVEN,GERMANY. UNIV HAMBURG,INST MEERESKUNDE,W-2000 HAMBURG 54,GERMANY. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. RP AAGAARD, K (reprint author), NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,7600 SAND PT WAY NE,BLDG 3,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 16 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV 15 PY 1991 VL 96 IS C11 BP 20433 EP 20441 DI 10.1029/91JC02013 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA GQ693 UT WOS:A1991GQ69300004 ER PT J AU MURPHY, PP FEELY, RA GAMMON, RH HARRISON, DE KELLY, KC WATERMAN, LS AF MURPHY, PP FEELY, RA GAMMON, RH HARRISON, DE KELLY, KC WATERMAN, LS TI ASSESSMENT OF THE AIR-SEA EXCHANGE OF CO2 IN THE SOUTH-PACIFIC DURING AUSTRAL AUTUMN SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; EL-NINO; OCEAN; TEMPERATURE AB Measurements of CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere and in the surface waters of the South Pacific Ocean were made by NOAA scientists between 1984 and 1989. These basin-wide measurements were all taken during austral autumn and provide data for evaluation of the seasonal flux Of CO2 from this region. The sensitivity of this flux to the uncertainty in the CO2 gas exchange coefficient was evaluated using four different wind data sets and two formulations for the wind dependence of ps transfer velocity. The integrated net flux of CO2 to the atmosphere during austral autumn (February to May) ranges from -0.03 (ocean influx) to +0.09 (ocean efflux) GT of carbon depending on the combination of wind field and wind-dependent exchange coefficient used. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT CHEM,SEATTLE,WA 98195. NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH OCEANOG,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP MURPHY, PP (reprint author), NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. RI Harrison, Don/D-9582-2013 NR 33 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV 15 PY 1991 VL 96 IS C11 BP 20455 EP 20465 DI 10.1029/91JC02064 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA GQ693 UT WOS:A1991GQ69300007 ER PT J AU TOGGWEILER, JR DIXON, K BROECKER, WS AF TOGGWEILER, JR DIXON, K BROECKER, WS TI THE PERU UPWELLING AND THE VENTILATION OF THE SOUTH-PACIFIC THERMOCLINE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID ANNUAL CORAL RINGS; WORLD OCEAN MODEL; 1982-83 EL-NINO; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; BOMB RADIOCARBON; TROPICAL PACIFIC; BANDED CORALS; C-14; RATES; WATER AB A reconstruction of the prebomb DELTA-C-14 distribution in the tropical Pacific using data from old coral heads shows that surface waters with the lowest DELTA-C-14 content are found distinctly south of the equator. Prebomb, low-DELTA-C-14 surface water appears to owe its origin to the upwelling of approximately 15-degrees-C water off the coast of Peru. The low-DELTA-C-14 water upwelling off Peru is shown to be derived from the "13-degrees Water" thermostad (11-degrees-14-degrees-C) of the Equatorial Undercurrent. Untritiated water in the lower part of the undercurrent had nearly the same DELTA-C-14 content during the Geochemical Ocean Sections Study (GEOSECS) as the prebomb growth bands in Druffel's (1981) Galapagos coral. Similar DELTA-C-14 levels were observed in 9-degrees-10-degrees-C water in the southwest Pacific thermocline in the late 1950s. We suggest that the low-DELTA-C-14 water upwelling off Peru and the thermostad water in the undercurrent both originate as approximately 8-degrees-C water in the subantarctic region of the southwest Pacific. This prescription points to the "lighter variety" of Subantarctic Mode Water (7-degrees-10-degrees-C) as a possible source. Because prebomb DELTA-C-14 is so weakly forced by exchange of carbon isotopes with the atmosphere, thermocline levels of DELTA-C-14 should be particularly unaffected by diapycnal mixing with warmer overlying water types. We argue that successively less dense features of the South Pacific thermocline, like the Subantarctic Mode Water, the equatorial 13-degrees-C Water, and the Peru upwelling, may be part of a single process of thermocline ventilation. Each evolves from the other by diapycnal alteration, while prebomb DELTA-C-14 is nearly conserved. Detailed comparisons are made between the coral DELTA-C-14 distribution and a model simulation of radiocarbon in Toggweiler et al. (1989). While the DELTA-C-14 data suggest a southern hemisphere thermocline origin for the equatorial DELTA-C-14 minimum, the model produces its DELTA-C-14 minimum by upwelling abyssal water to the surface via the equatorial divergence. In an appendix to the paper we present a new set of coral DELTA-C-14 measurements produced over the last 10 years at Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory and compile a post-1950 set of published coral DELTA-C-14 measurements for use in model validation studies. C1 COLUMBIA UNIV,LAMONT DOHERTY GEOL OBSERV,PALISADES,NY 10964. RP TOGGWEILER, JR (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,POB 308,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA. NR 64 TC 286 Z9 289 U1 2 U2 34 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV 15 PY 1991 VL 96 IS C11 BP 20467 EP 20497 DI 10.1029/91JC02063 PG 31 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA GQ693 UT WOS:A1991GQ69300008 ER PT J AU BATES, JJ DIAZ, HF AF BATES, JJ DIAZ, HF TI EVALUATION OF MULTICHANNEL SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE PRODUCT QUALITY FOR CLIMATE MONITORING - 1982-1988 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; SATELLITE; PACIFIC; OCEAN; FIELD AB Satellite-derived multichannel sea surface temperature (MCSST) data are evaluated for the period 1982-1988 relative to in situ data from the comprehensive ocean-atmosphere data set (COADS). A number of statistical methods are used to assess the quality of the MCSST data. Temporal anomaly cross correlations are significant at the 95% confidence level for all basins and subregions examined, except for the North Atlantic Ocean. Biases in the MCSST product, caused by volcanic aerosols and by use of the wrong satellite calibration tables, cause problems in the utility of the MCSST data for climate monitoring. Signal-to-noise variance ratios range from 0.49 in the North Atlantic Ocean to above 4 in the equatorial Pacific. Mean differences between MCSST and COADS show that the MCSST values are lower than COADS by 0.19-degrees to 0.64-degrees-C. The mean differences are found to have an annual cycle that varies with latitude and season. The mean MCSST standard deviations are always lower than those of COADS (except again for the North Atlantic Ocean), ranging from 0.03-degrees to 0.45-degrees-C. Accurate monitoring of SST variability in the southern oceans is not possible without the use of satellite data. Because of the stringent accuracy requirements of SST data for climate monitoring, however, the utility of MCSST data alone for this purpose is only marginal. RP BATES, JJ (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,R-E-GG2,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Bates, John/D-1012-2009 OI Bates, John/0000-0002-8124-0406 NR 37 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV 15 PY 1991 VL 96 IS C11 BP 20613 EP 20622 DI 10.1029/91JC02280 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA GQ693 UT WOS:A1991GQ69300017 ER PT J AU BROCK, JC MCCLAIN, CR LUTHER, ME HAY, WW AF BROCK, JC MCCLAIN, CR LUTHER, ME HAY, WW TI THE PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM IN THE NORTHWESTERN ARABIAN SEA DURING THE SOUTHWEST MONSOON OF 1979 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID ZONE COLOR SCANNER; WESTERN INDIAN-OCEAN; PIGMENT CONCENTRATIONS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; ATLANTIC BIGHT; SUMMER MONSOON; VARIABILITY; MODEL; IMAGERY; STREAM AB The biological variability of the northwestern Arabian Sea during the 1979 southwest monsoon has been investigated by the synthesis of satellite ocean color remote sensing with analysis of in situ hydrographic and meteorological data sets and the results of wind-driven modeling of upper ocean circulation. The phytoplankton bloom in the northwestern Arabian Sea peaked during August-September, extended from the Oman coast to about 65-degrees-E, and lagged the development of open-sea upwelling by at least 1 month. In total, the pigment distributions, hydrographic data, and model results all suggest that the bloom was driven by spatially distinct upward nutrient fluxes to the euphotic zone forced by the physical processes of coastal upwelling and offshore Ekman pumping. Coastal upwelling was evident from May through September, yielded the most extreme concentrations of phytoplankton biomass, and along the Arabian coast was limited to the continental shelf in the promotion of high concentrations of phytoplankton. Upward Ekman pumping to the northwest of the Somali Jet axis stimulated the development of a broad open-sea phytoplankton bloom oceanward of the Oman shelf. Vertical mixing during the 1979 southwest monsoon was apparently not a primary cause of the regional-scale phytoplankton bloom. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV S FLORIDA,DEPT MARINE SCI,ST PETERSBURG,FL 33701. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,OCEANS & ICE BRANCH,GREENBELT,MD 20771. NR 81 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV 15 PY 1991 VL 96 IS C11 BP 20623 EP 20642 DI 10.1029/91JC01711 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA GQ693 UT WOS:A1991GQ69300018 ER PT J AU HUIE, RE CLIFTON, CL KAFAFI, SA AF HUIE, RE CLIFTON, CL KAFAFI, SA TI RATE CONSTANTS FOR HYDROGEN ABSTRACTION REACTIONS OF THE SULFATE RADICAL, SO4- - EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL RESULTS FOR CYCLIC ETHERS SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FLASH-PHOTOLYSIS AB Rate constants have been determined as a function of temperature in aqueous solutions for the reactions of the SO4- radical with the C3 to C6 cyclic monoethers and the diethers 1,4- and 1,3-dioxane. The reactions clearly are grouped into three sets: the C4 and C6 monoethers react the fastest, the C3 and C5 monoethers are slower, and the cyclic diethers are the slowest. Theoretical calculations also have been carried out to estimate the C-H bond strengths in these molecules and these results have been related to the experimental rate constants. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM CHEM,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. RP HUIE, RE (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Huie, Robert/A-5645-2010 NR 12 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD NOV 14 PY 1991 VL 95 IS 23 BP 9336 EP 9340 DI 10.1021/j100176a055 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA GQ457 UT WOS:A1991GQ45700055 ER PT J AU EKIN, JW AF EKIN, JW TI EFFECT OF CABLE AND STRAND TWIST-PITCH COINCIDENCE ON THE CRITICAL CURRENT OF FLAT, CORELESS SUPERCONDUCTOR CABLES SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Data are presented which indicate that a very simple technique for enhancing the critical current in flat, coreless superconductor cables is to match the cable twist pitch with the strand twist pitch in such a way that the same group of filaments within each strand is degraded at each successive bend at the cable edges. This coincidence condition minimizes current transfer among filaments, enhances the slope of the voltage-current characteristic, consistently improves the critical current by about 10% in these tests, and is easy to apply. RP EKIN, JW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 11 PY 1991 VL 59 IS 20 BP 2615 EP 2617 DI 10.1063/1.105919 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA GP275 UT WOS:A1991GP27500046 ER PT J AU RUSSELL, TP MENELLE, A ANASTASIADIS, SH SATIJA, SK MAJKRZAK, CF AF RUSSELL, TP MENELLE, A ANASTASIADIS, SH SATIJA, SK MAJKRZAK, CF TI UNCONVENTIONAL MORPHOLOGIES OF SYMMETRICAL, DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS DUE TO FILM THICKNESS CONSTRAINTS SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT DEPENDENCE; SURFACE-INDUCED ORIENTATION; CO-POLYMER; BLOCK COPOLYMERS; POLYSTYRENE; SYSTEMS AB The morphology of thin films of symmetric, diblock copolymers of polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) has been investigated as a function of film thickness where the total thickness of the films was less than or equal to 3L/2 where L is the period of the lamellar microdomain in the bulk. In all cases, a layered, lamellar morphology oriented parallel to the surface of the film was found. However, the thicknesses of the PS and PMMA layers and the width of the interface between the layers were found to vary with film thickness. Finally, in the case of a film with a thickness of L, a phase-mixed morphology on top of underlying layers of PS and PMMA was found, demonstrating a marked perturbation on the morphology of the diblock copolymer in this upper layer from that seen usually in thin multilayer films and in the bulk. The results from these studies were found to be in agreement with X-ray reflectivity and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP RUSSELL, TP (reprint author), IBM CORP,DIV RES,ALMADEN RES CTR,650 HARRY RD,SAN JOSE,CA 95120, USA. RI Anastasiadis, Spiros/D-2778-2009 OI Anastasiadis, Spiros/0000-0003-0936-1614 NR 40 TC 100 Z9 101 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD NOV 11 PY 1991 VL 24 IS 23 BP 6263 EP 6269 DI 10.1021/ma00023a032 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA GQ428 UT WOS:A1991GQ42800032 ER PT J AU HILS, D AF HILS, D TI GRAVITATIONAL-RADIATION FROM DUAL NEUTRON-STAR ELLIPTIC BINARIES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE GRAVITATION; STARS, BINARIES; STARS, NEUTRON ID HIGHLY ECCENTRIC ORBIT; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; RADIO PULSARS; DISCOVERY AB We derive general expressions for the gravitational radiation incident on Earth due to elliptical binary systems in the Galaxy. These results are applied to dual neutron star elliptical binaries. Our calculations show that eccentric dual neutron star binaries lead to a moderate increase in gravitational flux density compared with circular systems for frequencies above approximately 10(-4) Hz. Tables of various quantities such as average gravitational luminosity, number of sources per unit bandwidth, energy spectral flux density, and gravitational wave strain density are given. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP HILS, D (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 1991 VL 381 IS 2 BP 484 EP 489 DI 10.1086/170671 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA GN112 UT WOS:A1991GN11200014 ER PT J AU LERCH, FJ MARSH, JG KLOSKO, SM PATEL, GB CHINN, DS PAVLIS, EC WAGNER, CA AF LERCH, FJ MARSH, JG KLOSKO, SM PATEL, GB CHINN, DS PAVLIS, EC WAGNER, CA TI AN IMPROVED ERROR ASSESSMENT FOR THE GEM-T1 GRAVITATIONAL MODEL SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID GRAVITY MODEL; ACCURACY AB Several tests have been designed to estimate the correct error variances for the GEM-T1 gravitational solution that was derived exclusively from satellite tracking data. The basic method uses both independent and dependent subset data solutions and produces a coefficient by coefficient estimate of the model uncertainties. The GEM-T1 errors have been further analyzed using a method based on eigenvalue-eigenvector analysis, which calibrates the entire covariance matrix. Dependent satellite data sets and independent altimetric, resonant satellite, and surface gravity data sets all confirm essentially the same error assessment. The calibration test results yield very stable calibration factors, which vary only by approximately 10% over the range of tests performed. Based on these calibrated error estimates, GEM-T1 is a significantly improved solution, which to degree and order 8 is twice as accurate as earlier satellite derived models like GEM-L2. Also, by being complete to degree and order 36, GEM-T1 is more complete and has significantly reduced aliasing effects that were present in previous models. C1 ST SYST CORP,LANHAM,MD 20706. NATL GEODECT SURVEY,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. UNIV MARYLAND,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP LERCH, FJ (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20770, USA. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD NOV 10 PY 1991 VL 96 IS B12 BP 20023 EP 20040 DI 10.1029/91JB01480 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA GQ691 UT WOS:A1991GQ69100033 ER PT J AU CRUZ, JY HARRISON, JC SPEAKE, CC NIEBAUER, TM MCHUGH, MP KEYSER, PT FALLER, JE MAKINEN, J BERUFF, RB AF CRUZ, JY HARRISON, JC SPEAKE, CC NIEBAUER, TM MCHUGH, MP KEYSER, PT FALLER, JE MAKINEN, J BERUFF, RB TI A TEST OF NEWTON INVERSE SQUARE LAW OF GRAVITATION USING THE 300-M TOWER AT ERIE, COLORADO SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID RANGE; MODEL AB Gravity was measured at eight different heights on a 300-m meteorological tower, using electrostatically nulled LaCoste and Romberg gravimeters. The observed values were corrected for tides, temperature, and gravimeter screw errors, and tested for systematic effects due to (wind-induced) tower motion (no such effects were found). These corrected results were compared with values predicted by means of Newton's inverse square law from surface gravity values. The differences exhibit no systematic trends, and their rms value is only 10-mu-Gal, well within the errors of the experiment, as the estimated measurement errors increase from 9-mu-Gal at the lowest platform to 14-mu-gal at the top and those of the predictions from 10-mu-Gal to 23-mu-Gal. These results set new constraints on the magnitude of any non-Newtonian gravitational force; if such a force is derived from a Yukawa potential, the absolute value of alpha must be less than 0.001 for lambda = 1000 m. C1 FINNISH GEODET INST,SF-00240 HELSINKI,FINLAND. DEF MAPPING AGCY,GEODET SURVEY GRP,CHEYENNE,WY. UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. NIST,DIV QUANTUM PHYS,BOULDER,CO. BUR INT POIDS & MESURES,F-92310 SEVRES,FRANCE. RP CRUZ, JY (reprint author), GEODYNAM CORP,5520 EKWILL ST,SUITE A,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93111, USA. RI Speake, Clive/A-5330-2009 NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD NOV 10 PY 1991 VL 96 IS B12 BP 20073 EP 20092 DI 10.1029/91JB01756 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA GQ691 UT WOS:A1991GQ69100036 ER PT J AU CANNELLI, G CANTELLI, R CORDERO, F TREQUATTRINI, F ANDERSON, IS RUSH, JJ AF CANNELLI, G CANTELLI, R CORDERO, F TREQUATTRINI, F ANDERSON, IS RUSH, JJ TI H-TUNNELING AND TRAPPING IN Y BY ANELASTIC RELAXATION MEASUREMENTS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; ALPHA-LUDX; HYDROGEN; YTTRIUM; DIFFUSION; SCANDIUM; SYSTEMS; TRANSITION; LUTETIUM; PROTON AB We present the first evidence by acoustic measurements of H tunneling and trapping by O atoms in a rare-earth-hydride system. The YO0.0027H0.016 alloy presents three new elastic-energy-loss peaks most likely due to H trapped by O between 1.4 and 330 K. The peak at the lowest temperature is due to tunneling of the trapped H; its relaxation rate strongly depends on temperature, indicating a dominant contribution of multiphonon processes already at a few kelvin. The other two peaks, with activation energies of 0.14 and 0.22 eV, can be attributed to jumps of H in the distorted environment of the O atom. C1 UNIV ROME LA SAPIENZA,DIPARTIMENTO ENERGET,I-00173 ROME,ITALY. CNR,IST ACUST OM CORBINO,I-00189 ROME,ITALY. PAUL SCHERRER INST,CH-5232 VILLIGEN,SWITZERLAND. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP CANNELLI, G (reprint author), UNIV PERUGIA,DIPARTMENTO FIS,I-06100 PERUGIA,ITALY. OI Cordero, Francesco/0000-0001-6895-1767 NR 28 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 4 PY 1991 VL 67 IS 19 BP 2682 EP 2685 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.67.2682 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA GM792 UT WOS:A1991GM79200023 ER PT J AU STEIN, SE AF STEIN, SE TI THERMAL-REACTIONS AND PROPERTIES OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS SO ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN TRANSFER; RATE CONSTANTS; RADICALS; ANTHRACENE; ABSTRACTION; KINETICS RP STEIN, SE (reprint author), US DEPT COMMERCE,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 39 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0001-4842 J9 ACCOUNTS CHEM RES JI Accounts Chem. Res. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 24 IS 11 BP 350 EP 356 DI 10.1021/ar00011a005 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA GR809 UT WOS:A1991GR80900005 ER PT J AU JEMIAN, PR WEERTMAN, JR LONG, GG SPAL, RD AF JEMIAN, PR WEERTMAN, JR LONG, GG SPAL, RD TI CHARACTERIZATION OF 9CR-1MOVNB STEEL BY ANOMALOUS SMALL-ANGLE X-RAY-SCATTERING SO ACTA METALLURGICA ET MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS AB The size distribution and volume fraction of Cr23C6 precipitates in 9Cr-1MoVNb steel have been isolated from the distributions of all other precipitates by the technique of anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering. Three X-ray wavelengths near the Cr K absorption edge were used to vary the scattering contrast of Cr23C6 while that of the other precipitates was left unchanged. Size distributions calculated from each scattering curve using a maximum entropy method were combined by a scattering contrast gradient analysis to isolate the volume-fraction size distribution of the chromium carbides. Behavior of these carbides was studied as a function of isothermal aging temperature. Mean diameter is smallest and Cr23C6 number density is highest after aging at 811 K. Above 811 K, the mean diameter of the chromium carbides increases with increasing aging temperature. C1 NORTHWESTERN UNIV, MCCORMICK SCH ENGN & APPL SCI, DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN, EVANSTON, IL 60208 USA. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV CERAM, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RI Weertman, Julia/B-7540-2009; USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013 NR 43 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-7151 J9 ACTA METALL MATER JI Acta Metall. Mater. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 39 IS 11 BP 2477 EP 2487 DI 10.1016/0956-7151(91)90062-6 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA GN537 UT WOS:A1991GN53700001 ER PT J AU AKAIWA, N HARDY, SC VOORHEES, PW AF AKAIWA, N HARDY, SC VOORHEES, PW TI THE EFFECTS OF CONVECTION ON OSTWALD RIPENING IN SOLID LIQUID-MIXTURES SO ACTA METALLURGICA ET MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE DIFFUSION PROBLEM; KINETICS; ALLOYS; PB AB The effects of convection on Ostwald ripening in solid-liquid mixtures have been studied using a Sn-Pb alloy over a wide range of volume fraction solid. The convection was induced by a slow rotation of a disk shaped sample with the axis of rotation perpendicular to the gravity vector. At low volume fractions of solid the experiments show that convection can alter the exponent of the temporal power law for the average intercept length from its classical value of 1/3 to 0.37. For intermediate volume fractions of solid the temporal exponent is 1/3, but the amplitude of the temporal power law for the average particle radius dcpends on the rate of rotation. At very high volume fractions of solid, where a stable skeletal structure was present, rotation had no effect on the kinetics of the ripening process. A theoretical analysis of Ostwald ripening in the low Peclet number limit was undertaken in an effort to understand the experimental results. The analysis showed that temporal power law solutions to the equations describing ripening do not exist when the particles move in the fluid with either a constant velocity or according to Stokes law. However, if the magnitude of the fluid flow scales with time in the proper way, temporal power law solutions can be found which are qualitatively consistent with the experiments. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV MET, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP AKAIWA, N (reprint author), NORTHWESTERN UNIV, DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN, EVANSTON, IL 60208 USA. RI Voorhees, Peter /B-6700-2009 NR 22 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-7151 J9 ACTA METALL MATER JI Acta Metall. Mater. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 39 IS 11 BP 2931 EP 2942 DI 10.1016/0956-7151(91)90109-E PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA GN537 UT WOS:A1991GN53700048 ER PT J AU STABENAU, EK VANOYE, CG HEMING, TA AF STABENAU, EK VANOYE, CG HEMING, TA TI CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ANION TRANSPORT-SYSTEM IN SEA-TURTLE ERYTHROCYTES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BAND-3; ANION EXCHANGE; ERYTHROCYTE; LEPIDOCHELYS; REPTILE ID RED-BLOOD-CELL; CHLORIDE-BICARBONATE EXCHANGE; BAND-3 PROTEIN; HCO3--CL EXCHANGE; GAS-EXCHANGE; SITES; KINETICS; MEMBRANE; CLEAVAGE; BINDING AB Erythrocytes of Kemp's ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys kempi) contain a 100- to 105-kDa protein that is reactive with a monoclonal antibody to the membrane domain of human erythrocyte band 3. Based on inhibition of membrane HCO3--Cl- exchange with 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (SITS), sea turtle erythrocytes were found to contain 4 x 10(6) copies of band 3 per cell. Unidirectional HCO3- transfer, specifically HCO3 out --> in--Cl-in --> out exchange, where subscript in --> out represents transfer from inside to outside and subscript out --> in represents transfer from outside to inside, was characterized by a maximal exchange rate of 1.0-1.1 nmol.cm-2.s-1, substrate affinity coefficients of 0.1-0.2 mM for HCO3- and 1.6 mM for Cl-, and an apparent inhibition constant for SITS of 0.6-1.0-mu-M (10-degrees-C, pH 7.6). Under physiological conditions (30-degrees-C, pH 7.4), the rate of net HCO3- transfer (i.e., the difference between HCO3 in --> out--Cl-out --> in and HCO3 out --> in--Cl-in --> out) was 1.13 nmol.cm-2.s-1 for cells subject to a 5-mM decrement in CO2 content. This yields a rate coefficient for the "physiological" anion shift in sea turtle blood of 1.7 s-1, indicating that the anion shift may require 2.6 s to reach 99% completion in vivo. The erythrocyte anion shift appears to be a potential rate-limiting step for capillary CO2 exchange in these turtles. C1 UNIV TEXAS,MED BRANCH,PULM RES LABS,GALVESTON,TX 77550. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,GALVESTON,TX 77550. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0002-9513 J9 AM J PHYSIOL JI Am. J. Physiol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 261 IS 5 BP R1218 EP R1225 PN 2 PG 8 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA GQ781 UT WOS:A1991GQ78100067 ER PT J AU EPSTEIN, MS RUSH, TA AF EPSTEIN, MS RUSH, TA TI THE DETERMINATION OF LOW CONCENTRATIONS OF SODIUM IN CEMENT BY FLAME EMISSION-SPECTROMETRY WITHOUT SAMPLE PREPARATION SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Note DE ANALYSIS FOR SODIUM, TITANIUM, AND SILICON; FLAME SPECTROSCOPY; ANALYTICAL METHODS; PLASMA EMISSION; SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES RP EPSTEIN, MS (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,DIV INORGAN ANALYT RES,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 4 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA PO BOX 1438, FREDERICK, MD 21701 SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 45 IS 9 BP 1568 EP 1570 DI 10.1366/0003702914335634 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA GR646 UT WOS:A1991GR64600029 ER PT J AU SKINNER, SL BROWN, A WALTER, FM AF SKINNER, SL BROWN, A WALTER, FM TI A SEARCH FOR EVIDENCE OF COLD DUST AROUND NAKED T-TAURI STARS SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID EMISSION; COMPLEX; MASSES; AURIGA; DISKS AB We present results of millimeter/submillimeter photometry of 16 naked T Tauri stars (NTTS), 11 of which lie in the nearby Taurus-Auriga star-forming region. Our objective was to search for evidence of cold circumstellar dust, which could exist around these objects in the form of remnant disks if NTTS evolved from classical T Tauri stars. The only star detected at the primary observing wavelength of 1100-mu-m was V836 Tau, which was also detected at 800-mu-m with an upper limit obtained at 450-mu-m. Its spectral energy distribution longward of 10-mu-m is consistent with that expected for a flat, axisymmetric, moderately active disk of mass approximately 0.04M., assuming a dust opacity law kappa-nu = 0.1(nu/10(12) Hz)1.0 cm2 g-1. Upper limits on the disk masses of undetected stars in Taurus-Auriga are typically 0.02M. (3-sigma), for an assumed temperature greater-than-or-equal-to 6 K at the outer disk radius. We argue that the high levels of magnetic activity found in NTTS may produce detectable gyrosynchrotron emission at millimeter wavelengths, and recommend future high-sensitivity searches for the short-term flux variability characteristic of such emission. C1 UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80302. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT EARTH & SPACE SCI,ASTRON PROGRAM,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. NR 29 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 102 IS 5 BP 1742 EP 1748 DI 10.1086/115996 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA GL774 UT WOS:A1991GL77400015 ER PT J AU CHEUNG, TK AF CHEUNG, TK TI SODAR OBSERVATIONS OF THE STABLE LOWER ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER AT BARROW, ALASKA SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARCTIC LEADS; WAVES; SOUNDER; TOWER; HEAT AB Events in the stably stratified lower atmospheric boundary layer within the first several hundreds of meters at Barrow, Alaska were recorded from 27 March to 5 April 1990 using an acoustic sounder (sodar), a tethered balloon, radiosondes, and an instrumented meteorological tower. These events include ground-based and low-level inversion layers, gravity waves, breaking waves, and multiple-layer structures. Even though these events are commonly found in a stable boundary layer, it is perhaps surprising to find them in such a slowly changing environment and over a terrain that is essentially devoid of immediate orographic influence. C1 NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP CHEUNG, TK (reprint author), USN,OCEANOG & ATMOSPHER RES LAB,ATMOSPHER DIRECTORATE,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 57 IS 3 BP 251 EP 274 DI 10.1007/BF00120887 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GM289 UT WOS:A1991GM28900003 ER PT J AU QUAYLE, RG EASTERLING, DR KARL, TR HUGHES, PY AF QUAYLE, RG EASTERLING, DR KARL, TR HUGHES, PY TI EFFECTS OF RECENT THERMOMETER CHANGES IN THE COOPERATIVE STATION NETWORK SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE AB During the past five years, the National Weather Service (NWS) has replaced over half of its liquid-in-glass maximum and minimum thermometers in wooden Cotton Region Shelters (CRSs) with thermistor-based Maximum-Minimum Temperature Systems (MMTSs) housed in smaller plastic shelters. Analyses of data from 424 (of the 3300) MMTS stations and 675 CRS stations show that a mean daily minimum temperature change of roughly +0.3-degrees-C, a mean daily maximum temperature change of -0.4-degrees-C, and a change in average temperature of -0.1-degrees-C were introduced as a result of the new instrumentation. The change of -0.7-degrees-C in daily temperature range is particularly significant for climate change studies that use this element as an independent variable. Although troublesome for climatologists, there is reason to believe that this change (relative to older records) represents an improvement in absolute accuracy. The bias appears to be rather sharp and well defined. Since the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) station history database contains records of instrumentation, adjustments for this bias can be readily applied, and we are reasonably confident that the corrections we have developed can be used to produce homogeneous time series of area-average temperature. RP QUAYLE, RG (reprint author), NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,NATL CLIMAT DATA CTR,GLOBAL CLIMATE LAB,ASHEVILLE,NC 28801, USA. NR 10 TC 134 Z9 138 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 72 IS 11 BP 1718 EP 1723 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1991)072<1718:EORTCI>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GR433 UT WOS:A1991GR43300003 ER PT J AU GROISMAN, PY KOKNAEVA, VV BELOKRYLOVA, TA KARL, TR AF GROISMAN, PY KOKNAEVA, VV BELOKRYLOVA, TA KARL, TR TI OVERCOMING BIASES OF PRECIPITATION MEASUREMENT - A HISTORY OF THE USSR EXPERIENCE SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LAND AREAS; FLUCTUATIONS AB Documenting the instrumentally observed precipitation climate record presents many challenges because scientists must rely on data from stations that undergo many changes in the course of their operation. Detecting changes from such networks is essential for adequate understanding of climate and global change. As an illustrative example, we review the history of the instrumentally observed precipitation in the USSR. In the USSR, similar to other countries, numerous problems must be addressed before reliable estimates of precipitation can be made. The types of problems range from inadequate and changing exposures of raingages to varying sampling periods used to measure precipitation. Using information about measurement procedures, instrument intercomparisons, and field studies, various methods have been devised to overcome biases in the measurements. C1 LENINGRAD STATE HYDROL INST,LENINGRAD 1999053,USSR. ALL UNION HYDROMETEOROL INFORMAT RES INST,KALUGA 249020,USSR. NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,NATL CLIMAT DATA CTR,ASHEVILLE,NC 28801. NR 20 TC 126 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 72 IS 11 BP 1725 EP 1733 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1991)072<1725:OBOPMA>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GR433 UT WOS:A1991GR43300004 ER PT J AU BAKER, CB AF BAKER, CB TI REVIEW OF THE 7TH SYMPOSIUM ON METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION, 14-18 JANUARY 1991, NEW-ORLEANS, LA SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review C1 NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,NATL CLIMAT DATA CTR,ASHEVILLE,NC 28801. NOAA,ARL,ASMD,WASHINGTON,DC 20230. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 72 IS 11 BP 1734 EP 1743 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GR433 UT WOS:A1991GR43300005 ER PT J AU BAUMHEFNER, D BLACKMON, M KALNAY, E MO, K MOLTENI, F ROADS, J SARDESHMUKH, P TRACTON, S AF BAUMHEFNER, D BLACKMON, M KALNAY, E MO, K MOLTENI, F ROADS, J SARDESHMUKH, P TRACTON, S TI SUMMARY OF A WORKSHOP ON NUMERICAL LONG-RANGE PREDICTION OF 10-90-DAY TIME-MEAN FLOWS SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review C1 NATL METEOROL CTR,CTR CLIMATE ANAL,WASHINGTON,DC 20233. NOAA,BOULDER,CO 80303. NATL METEOROL CTR,DIV DEV,WASHINGTON,DC 20233. EUROPEAN CTR MEDIUM RANGE WEATHER FORECASTS,READING RG2 9AX,BERKS,ENGLAND. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG,DIV CLIMATE RES,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. RP BAUMHEFNER, D (reprint author), NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,BOULDER,CO 80307, USA. RI Kalnay, Eugenia/F-4393-2010 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 72 IS 11 BP 1745 EP 1752 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GR433 UT WOS:A1991GR43300006 ER EF