FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU SINGH, NB GOTTLIEB, M HENNINGSEN, T HOPKINS, RH MAZELSKY, R GLICKSMAN, ME CORIELL, SR DUVAL, WMB SANTORO, GJ AF SINGH, NB GOTTLIEB, M HENNINGSEN, T HOPKINS, RH MAZELSKY, R GLICKSMAN, ME CORIELL, SR DUVAL, WMB SANTORO, GJ TI EFFECT OF GROWTH-CONDITIONS ON THE QUALITY OF LEAD BROMIDE CRYSTALS SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article ID ELECTRO-OPTIC MATERIALS; DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION; CONVECTION AB Single crystals of pure and doped lead bromide were grown by the Bridgman method in different convective conditions. The convection level was varied by changing the thermal and solutal Rayleigh number. The homogeneity in refractive index, and hence the optical quality, was estimated by examining the optical distortion, birefringence interferograms, and laser scattering through the crystal. The optical quality of the crystal varied significantly with the variation of convection level during the crystal growth. The critical concentration of the solute was estimated for several values of growth velocity by numerical analysis at the thermal gradient of 20 K/cm. C1 RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,TROY,NY 12180. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,CLEVELAND,OH 44135. RP SINGH, NB (reprint author), WESTINGHOUSE ELECT CORP,CTR SCI & TECHNOL,PITTSBURGH,PA 15235, USA. OI Glicksman, Martin/0000-0002-2675-2759 NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD SEP PY 1992 VL 123 IS 1-2 BP 227 EP 235 DI 10.1016/0022-0248(92)90028-H PG 9 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA JP483 UT WOS:A1992JP48300025 ER PT J AU VOGEL, GL CAREY, CM EKSTRAND, J AF VOGEL, GL CAREY, CM EKSTRAND, J TI DISTRIBUTION OF FLUORIDE IN SALIVA AND PLAQUE FLUID AFTER A 0.048 MOL/L NAF RINSE SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HUMAN DENTAL PLAQUE; MOUTH; DEMINERALIZATION; DIFFUSION; INVITRO; AREA AB An ultramicro method has recently been described for measurement of plaque-fluid fluoride concentration (Vogel et al., 1990a). This method was used: (1) for exploration of the variation in fluoride concentration of plaque fluid collected from the same buccal tooth sites following a 0.048 mol/L NaF (0.2%) rinse, and (2) for examination of the distribution of fluoride in plaque fluid and saliva within one hour after this rinse. Results indicated an average coefficient of variation (CV) of 31% for plaque-fluid fluoride in triplicate samples recovered simultaneously from the buccal-proximal region of two teeth after the rinse. This was similar to the CV found for plaque-fluid fluoride from the same sites after separate administrations of the rinse. A strong linear correlation was found between salivary and plaque-fluid fluoride at 30 and 60 min after rinse administration, showing that plaque-fluid fluoride is influenced by the concentration of salivary fluoride after administration of this rinse. Plaque-fluid fluoride concentrations were higher than that in saliva at baseline, 30, and 60 min. Very large inter-site and intersubject variations in plaque-fluid distribution were observed, with the central incisors showing the slowest clearance. These variations suggest that an examination of plaque-fluid fluoride from specific tooth regions may be essential for understanding the effects of fluoride on the site-specificity of caries. C1 KAROLINSKA INST,DEPT CARIOL,HUDDINGE,SWEDEN. RP VOGEL, GL (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,PAFFENBARGER RES CTR,DIV POLYMERS,AMER DENT ASSOC HLTH FDN,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE04385] NR 25 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 71 IS 9 BP 1553 EP 1557 DI 10.1177/00220345920710090201 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA JP661 UT WOS:A1992JP66100002 PM 1522286 ER PT J AU ASAOKA, K KUWAYAMA, N TESK, JA AF ASAOKA, K KUWAYAMA, N TESK, JA TI INFLUENCE OF TEMPERING METHOD ON RESIDUAL-STRESS IN DENTAL PORCELAIN SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SURFACES AB The porcelain component of a porcelain-fused-to-metal restoration is strengthened by residual (tempering) stresses which are induced by cooling procedures followed in dental laboratories. The thermophysical properties of materials and cooling rate are the main factors which determine the residual stress. In this paper, the temperatures in the midplane of body-porcelain disks were measured from a heat-soak temperature (1000-degrees-C) to room temperature during two different cooling procedures: slow cooling in air and forced-air cooling. Experimental results approximated exponential cooling wherein the cooling rates could be represented by a linear equation of temperature. Residual stresses, as affected by the tempering method and thickness of a porcelain disk, were calculated by computer simulation for regions away from the edges. The following temperature-dependent factors were incorporated into the simulation: elastic modulus, viscosity, and coefficient of thermal expansion. The cooling rate dependencies of the glass transition temperature and the temperature distribution during cooling were also included. The cooling rates used in this simulation were derived from the tempering data. The agreement between development of transient and residual stresses-calculated by computer simulation for various cooling methods, and the tendency toward failures of porcelain disks subjected to the tempering processes-was examined. Simulated residual stresses were also in good agreement with those measured by the indentation fracture method of Marshall and Lawn (1977) and Anusavice et al. (1989). C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP ASAOKA, K (reprint author), UNIV TOKUSHIMA,SCH DENT,DEPT DENT ENGN,3-KURAMOTO-CHO,TOKUSHIMA 770,JAPAN. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [Y01-DE-30001] NR 17 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 71 IS 9 BP 1623 EP 1627 DI 10.1177/00220345920710091501 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA JP661 UT WOS:A1992JP66100015 PM 1522297 ER PT J AU BOWEN, RL AF BOWEN, RL TI WHATS IN THOSE WONDER(FUL) RESTORATIVE MATERIALS SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material RP BOWEN, RL (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,ADA HLTH FDN PAFFENBARGER RES CTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 71 IS 9 BP 1640 EP 1640 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA JP661 UT WOS:A1992JP66100018 PM 1522299 ER PT J AU RAO, MV GULWADI, SM MULPURI, S SIMONS, DS CHI, PH CANEAU, C HONG, WP HOLLAND, OW DIETRICH, HB AF RAO, MV GULWADI, SM MULPURI, S SIMONS, DS CHI, PH CANEAU, C HONG, WP HOLLAND, OW DIETRICH, HB TI CO-IMPLANTS, FE-IMPLANTS, AND TI-IMPLANTS IN INGAAS AND CO-IMPLANTS IN INP AT 200-DEGREES-C SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE INP; INGAAS; IMPLANTATION; ANNEALING ID RUTHERFORD BACKSCATTERING; COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS; ANNEALING BEHAVIOR; REDISTRIBUTION; GAAS; IN0.53GA0.47AS; MANGANESE; DIFFUSION; CHROMIUM; ENERGY AB Elevated temperature (200-degrees-C) single- and multiple-energy Co implants in n-type InP, Co and Fe implants in n-type In0.53Ga0.47As, and Ti implants in p-type In0.53Ga0.47As were performed. For elevated temperature, single-energy Co and Fe implants, no satellite peaks at various locations like 0.8 R(P), R(P) + DELTA-R(P), and 2R(P) (R(P) is the projected range and DELTA-R(P) the straggle of the implant) are observed, in contrast to the case of room temperature implants. However, the outdiffusion of the implant is as severe as that in room temperature implantation for high temperature anneals. Indiffusion of the implant also occurs, but it is not as severe as the outdiffusion. High temperature annealing of Ti-implanted material results in a slight indiffusion of Ti, with minimal redistribution or outdiffusion. For all elevated temperature implants, the lattice quality of the annealed material is close to that of the virgin unimplanted material. For all ion species used in this study, resistivities close to the intrinsic limit are obtained in the implanted and annealed materials. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. BELLCORE,RED BANK,NJ 07701. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP RAO, MV (reprint author), GEORGE MASON UNIV,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,FAIRFAX,VA 22030, USA. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 21 IS 9 BP 923 EP 928 DI 10.1007/BF02665550 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA JN294 UT WOS:A1992JN29400009 ER PT J AU KELLEHER, SD SILVA, LA HULTIN, HO WILHELM, KA AF KELLEHER, SD SILVA, LA HULTIN, HO WILHELM, KA TI INHIBITION OF LIPID OXIDATION DURING PROCESSING OF WASHED, MINCED ATLANTIC MACKEREL SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MACKEREL; FISH; LIPID OXIDATION; MINCED MACKEREL; ANTIOXIDANTS; OXIDATION ID PEROXIDATION; MUSCLE AB An antioxidative system that was designed to maintain heme iron reduced, nonheme iron as an inactive chelate, and provide free radical scavenging in the aqueous and lipid phases, was most effective when added early in the processing of washed, minced mackerel muscle. Mince prepared from mackerel dark muscle showed greater propensity to oxidize than did the mince from light muscle. Washed mince from light muscle in the presence of the antioxidative system showed no loss of odor quality during 24 wk at -20-degrees-C. Postmortem age of the mackerel muscle had little effect on initial odor quality of the washed mince. C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NATL STAND & SPECIFICAT BRANCH,GLOUCESTER,MA 01930. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE CTR LAB,GLOUCESTER,MA 01930. RP KELLEHER, SD (reprint author), UNIV MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST,DEPT FOOD SCI,MASSACHUSETTS AGR EXPT STN,MARINE FOODS LAB,MARINE STN,GLOUCESTER,MA 01930, USA. NR 21 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 57 IS 5 BP 1103 EP & DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1992.tb11273.x PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA JR781 UT WOS:A1992JR78100023 ER PT J AU BURKHART, GR DRAKE, JF DUSENBERY, PB SPEISER, TW AF BURKHART, GR DRAKE, JF DUSENBERY, PB SPEISER, TW TI A PARTICLE MODEL FOR MAGNETOTAIL NEUTRAL SHEET EQUILIBRIA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SUBSTORM GROWTH-PHASE; COLLISIONLESS PLASMA; GEOMAGNETIC TAIL; EARTHS MAGNETOTAIL; MAGNETIC-FIELD; DYNAMICS; ACCELERATION; CONDUCTIVITY; STABILITY; BALANCE AB Previous studies of forced current sheet equilibria, that is, x-independent current sheets with a constant B(z) = B(n) and a constant, uniform electric field E(y) (Eastwood, 1972, 1974; Hill, 1975; Francfort and Pellat, 1976; Lyons and Speiser. 1985) are numerically and analytically extended to the regime (v)D/(v)T less than or similar 1 and B(n)/(4-pi-n(b)v(T)2) less than or similar 1, where v(D) = cE(y)/B(n), (v)T is the proton thermal velocity, and n(b) is the value of the number density outside the current sheet (at the simulation boundary). Such equilibria may be applicable to the thin current sheets observed in the current disruption region of the magnetotail during substorm growth phase and to the magnetotail neutral sheet. It is found that the current and thickness of the forced current sheet are controlled by the motions of the individual protons. For kappa(A) much less than 1 and (v)D/(v)T greater than or similar to 1, we numerically verify the scaling for the current sheet half thickness, a approximately (v)D/(v)T)-4/3-lambda(b) (Francfort and Pellat, 1976), where lambda(b) = (m(i)c2/4-pi-n(b)e2)1/2 and kappa(A) is the value of kappa = (R(min)/rho-max)1/2 in the self-consistent current sheet for protons of average energy (R(min), is the minimum field line radius of curvature and rho(max) is the maximum gyroradius). The magnetic field outside the current sheet B(x0) is given by eB(x0)/m(i)c = (v)D/lambda(b) (Hill, 1975). It is further found that if the degree of pitch angle scattering is treated as a variable parameter, there is a peak value of the current corresponding to zero isotropization of the distribution as it passes through the field reversal. The maximum reduction in the net current (or equivalently, the reduction in B(x0)) due either to nonlinear particle dynamics (chaos) or to pitch angle scattering wave-particle interactions is by a factor of 1/square-root 3. This maximum reduction in the current can be achieved by particle nonlinear dynamics for values Of kappa(A) near 1 in the regime (v)D/(v)T greater than or similar to 1. Rather than an anomalous resistivity, the most important effect arising from the particle nonlinear dynamics is a catastrophic loss of equilibrium near kappa(A) = 1 . This feature is due to the inability of proton trajectories with kappa > 1 to balance the gradient of the magnetic pressure and to set a length scale in the z direction. The signatures of this process, expressed in terms of the current sheet distribution function, the external distribution function, and the magnetic field structure, are charted. These signatures could be used to determine, through satellite observation, if the abrupt loss of equilibrium observed in our model can result in a disruption in the cross-tail current. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,INST PHYS SCI & TECHNOL,COLL PK,MD 20742. UNIV MARYLAND,PLASMA RES LAB,COLL PK,MD 20742. NOAA,SPACE ENVIRONM LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP BURKHART, GR (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,DEPT ASTROPHYS PLANETARY & ATMOSPHER SCI,CAMPUS BOX 391,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 44 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 1992 VL 97 IS A9 BP 13799 EP 13815 DI 10.1029/92JA00495 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA JM026 UT WOS:A1992JM02600011 ER PT J AU COFFEY, HE AF COFFEY, HE TI GEOMAGNETIC AND SOLAR DATA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material RP COFFEY, HE (reprint author), NOAA,WORLD DATA CTR SOLAR TERR PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80302, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 1992 VL 97 IS A9 BP 13915 EP 13916 DI 10.1029/92JA01900 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA JM026 UT WOS:A1992JM02600022 ER PT J AU LASHMORE, DS THOMSON, R AF LASHMORE, DS THOMSON, R TI CRACKS AND DISLOCATIONS IN FACE-CENTERED CUBIC METALLIC MULTILAYERS SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED TENSILE-STRENGTH; NI TEXTURED SUPERLATTICES; ELASTIC-MODULUS; THIN-FILMS; NICKEL; FOILS; COMPOSITES; PALLADIUM; MODEL AB In this paper, we have demonstrated that very perfect thin multilayers of the Cu/Ni system can be prepared with coherent interfaces if the layer modulation wavelength is in the 10 nm range. At modulation thicknesses above about 60 nm, the interfaces become incoherent. We have injected a crack into a coherent interface in the 10 nm case which has generated dislocations into the interface forming the crack plane, as well as into the layers adjacent to the crack plane. The dislocations injected into the crack plane presumably form misfit dislocations on that interface, and are grouped so close to the crack tip that individual dislocations are not completely imaged. The dislocations injected into the adjacent layers are distributed rather widely. We have analyzed the dislocation emission from a Crack in the fcc geometry appropriate to the multilayers using a simplified elastic theory developed for cracks in homogeneous materials. The mixed mode loading which the misfit stresses are expected to produce lead one to expect these materials to be ductile and to have high toughness. Very high dislocation densities on the crack plane near the crack, however, may lead to a brittle mode of failure, which is beyond the purview of the clastic theory. The dislocations are observed to have strong interactions with alternating interfaces in the multilayers, and this effect could be due to elastic bunching of the dislocations at alternating interfaces caused by the misfit stress. RP LASHMORE, DS (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 27 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MC KNIGHT ROAD SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 7 IS 9 BP 2379 EP 2386 DI 10.1557/JMR.1992.2379 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA JM355 UT WOS:A1992JM35500013 ER PT J AU ORTIGOSO, J ESCRIBANO, R BURKHOLDER, JB LAFFERTY, WJ AF ORTIGOSO, J ESCRIBANO, R BURKHOLDER, JB LAFFERTY, WJ TI THE NU-2 AND NU-3 BANDS AND GROUND-STATE CONSTANTS OF OCLO SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION INFRARED-SPECTRUM; CHLORINE DIOXIDE; SPECTROSCOPY; N2O C1 NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP ORTIGOSO, J (reprint author), CSIC,INST ESTRUCTURA MAT,SERRANO 119,E-28006 MADRID,SPAIN. RI Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Escribano, Rafael/I-4599-2015; Ortigoso, Juan/F-1234-2016 OI Escribano, Rafael/0000-0002-3048-9420; NR 10 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 155 IS 1 BP 25 EP 43 DI 10.1016/0022-2852(92)90546-Z PG 19 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA JG940 UT WOS:A1992JG94000004 ER PT J AU ATKINSON, S GILMARTIN, WG AF ATKINSON, S GILMARTIN, WG TI SEASONAL TESTOSTERONE PATTERN IN HAWAIIAN MONK SEALS (MONACHUS-SCHAUINSLANDI) SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY LA English DT Article DE HAWAIIAN MONK SEAL; TESTOSTERONE; SEASONAL BREEDING ID EVOLUTION AB Blood samples from four captive male Hawaiian monk seals were collected at intervals of one month for one year for testosterone assay. Plasma testosterone concentrations, measured by radioimmunoassay, revealed a clear seasonal pattern. The lowest mean testosterone concentration (0.09 +/- 0.04 ng ml-1) occurred in January, and the highest (1.78 +/- 0.40 ng ml-1) in June. The seasonal occurrence of births and of injuries related to mating in wild populations of Hawaiian monk seals showed a distinct association with the period of high testosterone. This study supports other data that indicate that the Hawaiian monk seal is a seasonal breeder and is reproductively active for longer than monachine seals that live in higher latitudes. C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,HONOLULU LAB,HONOLULU,HI 96822. RP ATKINSON, S (reprint author), UNIV HAWAII,HAWAII INST MARINE BIOL,1000 POPE RD,MARINE SCI BLDG 212,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA. NR 16 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU J REPROD FERTIL INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 22 NEWMARKET RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB5 8DT SN 0022-4251 J9 J REPROD FERTIL JI J. Reprod. Fertil. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 96 IS 1 BP 35 EP 39 PG 5 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA JT472 UT WOS:A1992JT47200004 PM 1432968 ER PT J AU MATTINGLY, GE AF MATTINGLY, GE TI THE CHARACTERIZATION OF A PISTON DISPLACEMENT-TYPE FLOWMETER CALIBRATION FACILITY AND THE CALIBRATION AND USE OF PULSED OUTPUT TYPE FLOWMETERS SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FLOW MEASUREMENT; FLUID METER CHARACTERIZATION; METER PERFORMANCE; OUTPUT FLOWMETER; TURBINE FLOWMETER; VOLUMETRIC CALIBRATOR AB Critical measurement performance of fluid flowmeters requires proper and quantified verification data. These data should be generated using calibration and traceability techniques established for these verification purposes. In these calibration techniques, the calibration facility should be well-characterized and its components and performance properly traced to pertinent higher standards. The use of this calibrator to calibrate flowmeters should be appropriately established and the manner in which the calibrated flowmeter is used should be specified in accord with the conditions of the calibration. These three steps: 1) characterizing the calibration facility itself, 2) using the characterized facility to calibrate a flowmeter, and 3) using the calibrated flowmeter to make a measurement are described and the pertinent equations are given for an encoded-stroke, piston displacement-type calibrator and a pulsed output flowmeter. It is concluded that, given these equations and proper instrumentation of this type of calibrator, very high levels of performance can be attained and, in turn, these can be used to achieve high fluid flow rate measurement accuracy with pulsed output flowmeters. RP MATTINGLY, GE (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV PROC MANAGEMENT, CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 97 IS 5 BP 509 EP 531 DI 10.6028/jres.097.023 PG 23 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA KD645 UT WOS:A1992KD64500001 PM 28053444 ER PT J AU MARKS, RB WILLIAMS, DF AF MARKS, RB WILLIAMS, DF TI A GENERAL WAVE-GUIDE CIRCUIT-THEORY SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CHARACTERISTIC IMPEDANCE; CIRCUIT THEORY; MICROWAVE MEASUREMENT; NETWORK ANALYZER; PSEUDOWAVES; RECIPROCITY; REFERENCE IMPEDANCE; TRANSMISSION LINE; TRAVELING WAVES; WAVE-GUIDE ID NETWORK ANALYZER; CALIBRATION; LINE AB This work generalizes and extends the classical circuit theory of electromagnetic waveguides. Unlike the conventional theory, the present formulation applies to all waveguides composed of linear, isotropic material, even those involving lossy conductors and hybrid mode fields, in a fully rigorous way. Special attention is given to distinguishing the traveling waves, constructed with respect to a well-defined characteristic impedance, from a set of pseudo-waves, defined with respect to an arbitrary reference impedance. Matrices characterizing a linear circuit are defined, and relationships among them, some newly discovered, are derived. New ramifications of reciprocity are developed. Measurement of various network parameters is given extensive treatment. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, ELECT ENGN LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RP NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV ELECTROMAGNET FIELDS, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NR 20 TC 160 Z9 160 U1 0 U2 5 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 97 IS 5 BP 533 EP 562 DI 10.6028/jres.097.024 PG 30 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA KD645 UT WOS:A1992KD64500002 PM 28053445 ER PT J AU SIEGWARTH, JD VOTH, RO SNYDER, SM AF SIEGWARTH, JD VOTH, RO SNYDER, SM TI RESISTIVE LIQUID-VAPOR SURFACE SENSORS FOR LIQUID-NITROGEN AND HYDROGEN SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INTERFACE; LIQUID HYDROGEN; LIQUID NITROGEN; LIQUID-VAPOR; RESISTANCE THERMOMETER; SURFACE SENSOR AB Ten resistance thermometers were tested as point sensors for detecting the liquid-vapor interface in liquid nitrogen and liquid hydrogen. Test results showed that most could be made to detect the liquid surface and lead orientation can be important. A silicon resistive sensor had the fastest response and produced the greatest signal change. RP SIEGWARTH, JD (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV CHEM ENGN, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 97 IS 5 BP 563 EP 577 DI 10.6028/jres.097.025 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA KD645 UT WOS:A1992KD64500003 PM 28053446 ER PT J AU QUINN, GD SALEM, J BARON, I CHO, K FOLEY, M FANG, H AF QUINN, GD SALEM, J BARON, I CHO, K FOLEY, M FANG, H TI FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS OF ADVANCED CERAMICS AT ROOM-TEMPERATURE SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ADVANCED CERAMIC; ALUMINA; FRACTURE; FRACTURE TOUGHNESS; INDENTATION; ROUND-ROBIN; SILICON NITRIDE; ZIRCONIA ID CRACK-GROWTH; TOUGHENED ALUMINA; SURFACE CRACK; Y-TZP; INDENTATION; STRENGTH; BEHAVIOR; DAMAGE; BEAMS AB This report presents the results obtained by the five U.S. participating laboratories in the Versailles Advanced Materials and Standards (VAMAS) round-robin for fracture toughness of advanced ceramics. Three test methods were used- indentation fracture, indentation strength, and single-edge pre-cracked beam, Two materials were tested: a gas-pressure sintered silicon nitride and a zirconia toughness alumina. Consistent results were obtained with the latter two test methods. Interpretation of fracture toughness in the zirconia alumina composite was complicated by R-curve and environmentally-assisted crack growth phenomena. C1 NASA, LEWIS RES CTR, STRUCT INTEGR BRANCH, CLEVELAND, OH 44135 USA. WORCESTER POLYTECH INST, DEPT MECH ENGN, WORCESTER, MA 01609 USA. NORTON IND CERAM CORP, MECH PROPERTIES TESTING LAB ST GOBAIN, NORTHBOROUGH, MA 01532 USA. ALLIED SIGNAL CO, GARRETT AUXILIARY POWER DIV, PHOENIX, AZ 85010 USA. RP QUINN, GD (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV CERAM, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 47 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 6 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 97 IS 5 BP 579 EP 607 DI 10.6028/jres.097.026 PG 29 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA KD645 UT WOS:A1992KD64500004 PM 28053447 ER PT J AU GEIST, J BELZER, B MILLER, ML ROITMAN, P AF GEIST, J BELZER, B MILLER, ML ROITMAN, P TI OPTICAL CALIBRATION OF A SUBMICROMETER MAGNIFICATION STANDARD (J RES NATL INST STAND TECHNOL, VOL 97, PG 267, 1992) SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Correction RP GEIST, J (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 97 IS 5 BP 609 EP 609 DI 10.6028/jres.097.027 PG 1 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA KD645 UT WOS:A1992KD64500005 PM 28053448 ER PT J AU NEWTON, J AF NEWTON, J TI DATA-ADMINISTRATION-MANAGEMENT-ASSOCIATION SYMPOSIUM GAITHERSBURG, MD MAY 12-13, 1992 SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP NEWTON, J (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, COMP SYST LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 97 IS 5 BP 611 EP 613 DI 10.6028/jres.097.028 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA KD645 UT WOS:A1992KD64500006 PM 28053449 ER PT J AU HILL, MD WONGNG, WK CHIANG, CK FULLER, ER PARETZKIN, B BLENDELL, JE LAGERGREN, E KACKER, R AF HILL, MD WONGNG, WK CHIANG, CK FULLER, ER PARETZKIN, B BLENDELL, JE LAGERGREN, E KACKER, R TI EFFECT OF COMPOSITION ON SUPERCONDUCTING PROPERTIES IN THE SYSTEM BA-Y-GD-CU-O SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LIQUIDUS RELATIONS; CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; OXIDES AB The superconducting properties of a solid-solution region in the Ba-Y-Gd-Cu-O system were investigated as a function of composition. Phase relations, the peritectic decomposition temperature, the superconducting onset temperature (T(c)), and the transport current density (J(c)) were measured. The highest T(c) and J(c) are observed along the line between the stoichiometric Ba2YCu3O6+x and Ba2GdCu3O6+x compositions. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DEPT STAT ENGN,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP HILL, MD (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 75 IS 9 BP 2390 EP 2394 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1992.tb05590.x PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA JL826 UT WOS:A1992JL82600010 ER PT J AU ROSS, RJ KURIHARA, Y AF ROSS, RJ KURIHARA, Y TI A SIMPLIFIED SCHEME TO SIMULATE ASYMMETRIES DUE TO THE BETA-EFFECT IN BAROTROPIC VORTICES SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL-CYCLONE MOTION; VORTEX ASYMMETRIES; MODEL; FLOW; PLANE AB A simplified scheme to generate vortex asymmetries due to the beta effect from an initially symmetric vortex on a beta plane is described. This approach, based on the time integration of the nondivergent barotropic vorticity equation, was developed to generate asymmetric vortex structure for inclusion in the initial conditions for the GFDL Hurricane Model. The simplification is derived from truncation of an azimuthal wavenumber expansion of the vorticity field variables. In order to determine the optimum lowest-order system, the influence of other wavenumbers (specifically 0, 2, and 3) on the asymmetric dipolar (wavenumber 1) structure and the associated vortex drift was investigated by comparing the results of a hierarchy of models differing in truncation level. The model truncated at wavenumber 2 and, including time-dependent symmetric flow, was chosen as the optimum system. Vortex drift tracks computed with this model compare very well with existing numerical model simulations. The models with a time-dependent symmetric flow produced systematically more westward-(less northward-) directed drift with slower speeds for cyclonic vortices than the models with time-independent symmetric flow. The results presented here clearly show the importance of including time-dependent symmetric flow in a simplified barotropic system. Discussion is developed regarding the interactions between the dipolar vortex and the wavenumber 0 and 2 flows. It appears acceptable to truncate the wavenumber expansion at wavenumber 2. The differences between the models with different levels of simplification increase when a larger initial vortex is used. The generation of the asymmetric flow for incorporation into the hurricane model initial conditions involves several aspects of uncertainty not present in idealized cases. A particular problem is the development of overly strong far-field vorticity (i.e., lying much beyond the hurricane region) possibly resulting from inaccuracies in the symmetric wind profile. During the generation of asymmetries, this is suppressed by damping at large radii. Further investigation is needed into the sensitivity of the resulting hurricane drift to the symmetric wind profile and to the integration cutoff time. RP ROSS, RJ (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,POB 308,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA. NR 13 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD SEP 1 PY 1992 VL 49 IS 17 BP 1620 EP 1628 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1992)049<1620:ASSTSA>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JK166 UT WOS:A1992JK16600006 ER PT J AU MARX, E AF MARX, E TI POSITRONIUM IN RELATIVISTIC QUANTUM-MECHANICS SO JOURNAL OF THE FRANKLIN INSTITUTE-ENGINEERING AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article ID 2-BODY BOUND-STATE AB The problem of bound states of a charged particle and its antiparticle is formulated in the framework of the relativistic quantum mechanics of a single scalar particle interacting with the electromagnetic field. The Coulomb interaction between the particle and the antiparticle gives rise to the bound states, and the coupling of the wave function to the radiation field is responsible for the decay of the pair into electromagnetic energy. The contribution of a pion-pion interaction is discussed briefly. The theory is extended to the spin-1/2 electron. RP MARX, E (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-0032 J9 J FRANKLIN I JI J. Frankl. Inst.-Eng. Appl. Math. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 329 IS 5 BP 869 EP 879 DI 10.1016/S0016-0032(92)90045-I PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mathematics GA JL264 UT WOS:A1992JL26400006 ER PT J AU CAMPOS, FX WEAVER, GC WALTMAN, CJ LEONE, SR AF CAMPOS, FX WEAVER, GC WALTMAN, CJ LEONE, SR TI ENHANCED ETCHING OF SI(100) BY NEUTRAL CHLORINE BEAMS WITH KINETIC ENERGIES UP TO 6 EV SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID DOPED POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON; GAS-SURFACE CHEMISTRY; 193-NM EXPLOSIVE VAPORIZATION; INTERNAL STATE DISTRIBUTIONS; RESIDENCE TIME MEASUREMENTS; SINGLE-CRYSTALLINE SILICON; CONDENSED MOLECULAR FILMS; SI-CL2 REACTION-PRODUCTS; CRYOGENIC NO FILMS; INSITU DETERMINATION AB Enhanced etching of a room temperature Si (100) surface is observed during exposure to a neutral hyper-thermal chlorine beam. Etching is monitored by mass spectrometric detection of silicon chloride products (SiClx) in the scattered flux. The etchant beam is produced by laser vaporization of cryogenic chlorine films; it consists of greater-than-or-equal-to 93% molecular chlorine with a variable kinetic energy distribution depending on laser energy. The sustained etching rate, based on detection of SiCl3+, is independent of energy when the maximum Cl2 kinetic energy is less than 3 eV but increases by a factor of 3.6 +/- 1 when the maximum energy is almost-equal-to 6 eV. No etch products are detected with thermal Cl2. The etching rate of the most energetic chlorine is greater than the thermal chlorine etching rate by a factor of > 30. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP CAMPOS, FX (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 23 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 10 IS 5 BP 2217 EP 2221 DI 10.1116/1.586192 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA JW294 UT WOS:A1992JW29400014 ER PT J AU CARRICK, HJ FAHNENSTIEL, GL TAYLOR, WD AF CARRICK, HJ FAHNENSTIEL, GL TAYLOR, WD TI GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF PLANKTONIC PROTOZOA IN LAKE-MICHIGAN - INSITU VERSUS INVITRO COMPARISONS AND IMPORTANCE TO FOOD WEB DYNAMICS SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID EPIFLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; NARRAGANSETT BAY; COASTAL WATERS; RATES; MARINE; PHYTOPLANKTON; NANOPLANKTON; PICOPLANKTON; COMMUNITIES; POPULATIONS AB Growth of an entire planktonic protozoan community in Lake Michigan (nanoflagellates microflagellates, and ciliates) was measured on 10 dates in 1988-1989 in fractionated lake water (<3, < 8, < 30, and < 153 mum) incubated in bottles (in vitro), while in June and July 1989, in vitro growth rate estimates were compared with in situ growth rates derived from the mitotic index. Comparisons of in situ vs. in vitro growth rates for the taxa assayed were similar, indicating that in vitro experiments provide reasonable estimates of protozoan growth, and these rates were similar to those measured from other oligotrophic/mesotrophic habitats. However, containment artifacts in some bottle experiments influenced community growth as some taxa experienced mortality in bottles, thus underscoring the importance of censusing the entire community. Protozoa in Lake Michigan contribute significantly to both heterotrophic and phototrophic carbon pools; phototrophic flagellates represented 24% of primary production, while heterotrophic nanoflagellates and ciliates collectively constituted 40% of bacterial production. The fate of high bacterial production can be accounted for through grazing by both heterotrophic nanoflagellates and ciliates, indicating the trophic importance of protozoa in Lake Michigan. C1 NOAA,COOPERAT INST LIMNOL & ECOSYST RES,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105. UNIV WATERLOO,DEPT BIOL,WATERLOO N2L 3G1,ONTARIO,CANADA. OI Taylor, William/0000-0001-8555-945X NR 53 TC 64 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPH PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 37 IS 6 BP 1221 EP 1235 PG 15 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA KR914 UT WOS:A1992KR91400007 ER PT J AU FORWARD, RB HETTLER, WF AF FORWARD, RB HETTLER, WF TI EFFECTS OF FEEDING AND PREDATOR EXPOSURE ON PHOTORESPONSES DURING DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION OF BRINE SHRIMP LARVAE SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID FISH COMMUNITY MANIPULATIONS; DAPHNIA-HYALINA; PLANKTONIC COPEPOD; CALANUS-PACIFICUS; ZOOPLANKTON; BEHAVIOR; PHOTOTAXIS; CHAOBORUS; MAGNA; PHENOTYPES AB Effects of feeding-starvation and exposure to a planktivorous fish (Atlantic on photoresponses involved in nocturnal diel vertical migration (DVM) of brine shrimp (Artemia) naupliar larvae were measured in a laboratory system that mimics the distribution of underwater angular light. Exposure to predators activated photoresponses involved in the descent response to an increase in light intensity (as at sunrise) within 1 d. Activation was quickly reversed by exposure to clean water and was not affected by feeding or starvation. Thus brine shrimp nauplii have a phenotypic response to a zooplankton predator. Starvation for 1 d activated photoresponses involved in the ascent response to a decrease in light intensity (as at sunset). Feeding on phytoplankton quickly reversed activation, which was not affected by exposure to predators. Both photoresponses were controlled by levels of light adaptation and initiated by rates of change in intensity such as occur at twilight. Light serves as a directional cue for the ascent response (positive phototaxis). These results provide behavioral evidence to support the hypotheses that descent at sunrise during DVM functions for predator avoidance and ascent at sunset functions for feeding. C1 NOAA, SE FISHERIES CTR, BEAUFORT LAB, BEAUFORT, NC 28516 USA. RP DUKE UNIV, MARINE LAB, BEAUFORT, NC 28516 USA. NR 45 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 5 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 37 IS 6 BP 1261 EP 1270 PG 10 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA KR914 UT WOS:A1992KR91400010 ER PT J AU HILL, C QUIGLEY, MA CAVALETTO, JF GORDON, W AF HILL, C QUIGLEY, MA CAVALETTO, JF GORDON, W TI SEASONAL-CHANGES IN LIPID-CONTENT AND COMPOSITION IN THE BENTHIC AMPHIPODS MONOPOREIA-AFFINIS AND PONTOPOREIA-FEMORATA SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID LAKE-MICHIGAN; FLAME IONIZATION; CRUSTACEA; INVERTEBRATES; BIOCHEMISTRY; PATTERNS; GROWTH; HOYI AB Seasonal variation in lipid content and composition was studied in deposit-feeding amphipods from a Baltic archipelago. In Monoporeia affinis, which is more active and has a higher respiration rate, lipid levels were low in winter and early spring, rose to 27% of the dry mass in late summer, then declined in autumn. In Pontoporeia femorata, which regulates its oxygen consumption, lipid levels were 20-23% of the dry mass. In October, maturing male P. femorata had a significantly lower lipid content than females. Triacylglycerol and phospholipid accounted for approximately 90% of lipids. Phospholipid dominated in M. affinis in March, but triacylglycerol accumulated and became the main lipid after the spring bloom. Triacylglycerol was always the main lipid in P. femorata. but also accumulated after the spring diatom bloom. Both species seem to assimilate and store food resources from the diatom bloom. The higher feeding rate of M. affinis may explain its greater accumulation of lipid. Lower metabolic costs in P. femorata may allow it to maintain steady lipid levels for most of the year. C1 US DEPT COMMERCE,NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105. RP HILL, C (reprint author), UNIV STOCKHOLM,DEPT ZOOL,S-10691 STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. NR 34 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPH PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 37 IS 6 BP 1280 EP 1289 PG 10 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA KR914 UT WOS:A1992KR91400012 ER PT J AU RUSSELL, TP MENELLE, A ANASTASIADIS, SH SATIJA, SK MAJKRZAK, CF AF RUSSELL, TP MENELLE, A ANASTASIADIS, SH SATIJA, SK MAJKRZAK, CF TI THIN-FILM ORDER OF SYMMETRICAL DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS SO MAKROMOLEKULARE CHEMIE-MACROMOLECULAR SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON REFLECTIVITY; SURFACE AB The ordering in thin films of symmetric diblock copolymers of polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) has been investigated by neutron reflectivity as a function of film thickness and temperature. The order-disorder transition in the thin films was found to lose its first order character in that the transition occurs in a continuous manner without the correlation length becoming infinite. In addition, a transition from a partially to fully ordered state was observed which was fully reversible. This transition depended in a power law manner on the film thickness and extrapolate to the bulk order-disorder transition temperature for thick films. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP RUSSELL, TP (reprint author), IBM CORP,DIV RES,ALMADEN RES CTR,SAN JOSE,CA 95120, USA. RI Anastasiadis, Spiros/D-2778-2009 OI Anastasiadis, Spiros/0000-0003-0936-1614 NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU HUTHIG & WEPF VERLAG PI BASEL PA AUF DEM WOLF 4, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0258-0322 J9 MAKROMOL CHEM-M SYMP PD SEP PY 1992 VL 62 BP 157 EP 165 DI 10.1002/masy.19920620115 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA JU256 UT WOS:A1992JU25600014 ER PT J AU STONE, GS AF STONE, GS TI JAPANESE OCEAN RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Japan and the United States together lead the world in marine research and development. Japan's maritime character and dependence on ocean resources drive marine policy as well as ocean research and development. Japanese ocean policy and budget disbursement begins with the prime minister's Council on Ocean Development and radiates through ten ministries and agencies. Topics of interest to Japan in ocean research and development include living and non-living resources exploitation, environmental research, ocean space utilization, geophysics, and earthquake prediction. The Japan Marine Science and Technology Agency (JAMSTEC) is the lead Japanese organization for physical oceanography and deep-sea research. JAMSTEC specializes in using manned and unmanned submersibles to study geology, geophysics, biology, and carbon processes. JAMSTEC currently operates the deepest diving manned submersible in the world (6,500 m), is building the deepest diving unmanned vehicle (11,000 m) (to be ready for launch in 1993), and is planning construction of a next-generation ocean drilling vessel for completion around the year 2000. RP STONE, GS (reprint author), NOAA,NATL UNDERSEA RES PROGRAM,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA C/O I CLAYION MATTHEWS, 1828 L ST, NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD FAL PY 1992 VL 26 IS 3 BP 11 EP 19 PG 9 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA KE128 UT WOS:A1992KE12800002 ER PT J AU DEWITT, C FLOERING, W REED, RK AF DEWITT, C FLOERING, W REED, RK TI AN OBSERVATION OF SPURIOUS SALINITY DATA SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Note AB Data from two conductivity/temperature/depth (CTD) casts at the same site are presented. The first cast had two distinct excursions in salinity, and spuriously low salinity throughout the cast, while the second had valid data. We suspect that the spurious salinity resulted from transient biological fouling of the conductivity cell. C1 NOAA,SHIP MILLER FREEMAN,SEATTLE,WA 98115. RP DEWITT, C (reprint author), NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA C/O I CLAYION MATTHEWS, 1828 L ST, NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD FAL PY 1992 VL 26 IS 3 BP 56 EP 57 PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA KE128 UT WOS:A1992KE12800008 ER PT J AU SIEWERT, TA AUSTIN, MW LUCEY, GK PLOTT, MJ AF SIEWERT, TA AUSTIN, MW LUCEY, GK PLOTT, MJ TI EVALUATION AND QUALIFICATION STANDARDS FOR AN X-RAY LAMINOGRAPHY SYSTEM SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Article C1 HARRY DIAMOND LABS,PRODUCIBIL TECHNOL BRANCH,ADELPHI,MD 20783. RP SIEWERT, TA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MAT RELIABIL,MAIL CODE 853,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 50 IS 9 BP 1027 EP & PG 0 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA JM639 UT WOS:A1992JM63900002 ER PT J AU SIEWERT, TA AUSTIN, MW AF SIEWERT, TA AUSTIN, MW TI X-RAY IMAGE QUALITY INDICATOR DESIGNED FOR EASY ALIGNMENT SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE FOCAL-SPOT MEASUREMENT; HIGH-VOLTAGE RADIOGRAPHY; IMAGE QUALITY INDICATOR; NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING; RADIOGRAPHY; RADIOSCOPY; WELD INSPECTION; X-RADIOGRAPHY AB A new image quality indicator (IQI) design is proposed that is particularly suitable for fundamental measurements of image unsharpness. The design is that of a thin strip, with its larger cross-sectional dimension aligned parallel to the beam at some location along the strip. One end of the strip is given a half twist so some section near the center of the strip is perfectly aligned with the beam, without requiring the careful alignment as with some IQI designs. A strip configuration is apt because it is available for many materials at low cost and in thin dimensions. Our report describes preliminary evaluation of the concept using a steel strip with cross-sectional dimensions of 0.07 by 3 mm. RP SIEWERT, TA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MAT RELIABIL,MAIL CODE 853,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 50 IS 9 BP 1069 EP 1072 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA JM639 UT WOS:A1992JM63900005 ER PT J AU GAYLE, FW SHAPIRO, AJ BIANCANIELLO, FS BOETTINGER, WJ AF GAYLE, FW SHAPIRO, AJ BIANCANIELLO, FS BOETTINGER, WJ TI THE AL-CU-FE PHASE-DIAGRAM - 0 TO 25 AT-PCT FE AND 50 TO 75 AT-PCT AL - EQUILIBRIA INVOLVING THE ICOSAHEDRAL PHASE SO METALLURGICAL TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON REACTIONS SYNTHESIS OF MATERIALS, AT THE 1991 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE MINERALS, METALS AND MATERIALS SOC CY FEB 17-21, 1991 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP MINERALS MET & MAT SOC ID SYSTEMS; ALLOY AB Isothermal sections of the Al-Cu-Fe equilibrium phase diagram at temperatures from 680-degrees-C to 800-degrees-C were determined in the region with 50 to 75 at. pct Al and 0 to 25 at. pct Fe using scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) techniques. This region includes the face-centered icosahedral phase (psi-Al6Cu2Fe) which has unprecedented structural perfection and no apparent phason strain. The icosahedral phase has equilibrium phase fields with four distinct phases at 700-degrees-C and 720-degrees-C (beta-Al(Fe, Cu), lambda-Al13Fe4, omega-Al7Cu2Fe, and liquid) and three phases at 680-degrees-C (beta, omega, and lambda) and 800-degrees-C (beta, lambda, and liquid). The B2 ordered beta-phase has considerably greater solubility for Cu than previously reported, extending from AlFe to approximately Al50Fe5Cu45. The equilibrium range of composition for the icosahedral phase at these temperatures was determined, and a liquidus projection is proposed. RP GAYLE, FW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MET,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 21 TC 101 Z9 106 U1 1 U2 4 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0360-2133 J9 METALL TRANS A PD SEP PY 1992 VL 23 IS 9 BP 2409 EP 2417 DI 10.1007/BF02658044 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA JM389 UT WOS:A1992JM38900011 ER PT J AU KILADIS, GN WEICKMANN, KM AF KILADIS, GN WEICKMANN, KM TI CIRCULATION ANOMALIES ASSOCIATED WITH TROPICAL CONVECTION DURING NORTHERN WINTER SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION; 40-50 DAY OSCILLATION; SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES; 500-MB HEIGHT FLUCTUATIONS; NINO SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; SHORT-TIME SCALES; EL-NINO; INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATIONS; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; HEMISPHERE WINTER AB Lagged cross correlations between outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) and National Meteorological Center global analyses are utilized to isolate the preferred upper-level and surface circulation anomalies associated with tropical convection during northern winter. Three intraseasonal time scales are studied: 30-70, 14-30, and 6-14 days. In the 30-70-day band, the upper-level circulation signals are zonally elongated, with zonal wavenumbers 0-2 dominant. Higher-frequency signals are dominated by zonal wavenumbers 5 and 6. In the 14-30-day band, convection over the eastern hemisphere is associated with upper-level anticyclones in the subtropics and appears to be linked in some cases to midlatitude wave trains. The strongest signals are for convection over Africa, Australia, and the eastern Indian Ocean. Only weak signals are seen for convection over Indonesia. In these regions of upper-level easterlies, OLR anomalies peak prior to the maximum anomalies in wind, suggesting forcing of the circulation by tropical heating. In contrast, 14-30-day and 6-14-day convection over the eastern tropical Pacific, eastern South America, and central South Pacific is primarily associated with the intrusion of troughs in the westerlies originating in the extratropics. These are regions of mean upper level westerly flow, or where upper-westerlies lie adjacent to tropical convergence zones overlain by only weak easterly flow aloft. The large amplitude of these troughs prior to the OLR anomaly is indicative of the forcing of the convection by these disturbances. C1 NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP KILADIS, GN (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,CAMPUS BOX 449,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 97 TC 207 Z9 207 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 120 IS 9 BP 1900 EP 1923 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<1900:CAAWTC>2.0.CO;2 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JL580 UT WOS:A1992JL58000006 ER PT J AU KILADIS, GN WEICKMANN, KM AF KILADIS, GN WEICKMANN, KM TI EXTRATROPICAL FORCING OF TROPICAL PACIFIC CONVECTION DURING NORTHERN WINTER SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID 500-MB HEIGHT FLUCTUATIONS; SHORT-TIME SCALES; BAROTROPIC ATMOSPHERE; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; SPATIAL VARIATION; STATIONARY MODES; EOLE EXPERIMENT; INTERMEDIATE; PROPAGATION; OSCILLATION AB Statistical evidence is presented to support the notion that tropical convection in the eastern Pacific and Atlantic intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) during northern winter can be forced by disturbances originating in the extratropics. The synoptic-scale transients in these regions are characterized at upper levels by strong positive tilts in the horizontal and appear to induce vertical motions ahead of troughs as in midlatitude baroclinic systems. Two case studies of such interactions are examined, one for the eastern North Pacific ITCZ and another somewhat different type of interaction for the South Pacific convergence zone (SPCZ) over the western South Pacific. Both cases are associated with upper-level troughs, strong cold advection deep into the tropics, and the formation of a frontal boundary at low levels. The ITCZ case is characterized by the advection of anomalously high isentropic potential vorticity air southward, a strong poleward flux of heat and westerly momentum, and the development of a subtropical jet downstream of the disturbance. The SPCZ disturbance is not strongly tilted, but is still accompanied by a strong poleward flux of heat and momentum. Evidence for the occurrence of cross-equatorial wave dispersion in the eastern Pacific during northern winter is also presented. These observations are consistent with theory and modeling of Rossby waves in a westerly basic state extending from the midlatitudes into the tropics. C1 NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP KILADIS, GN (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,CAMPUS BOX 449,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 45 TC 119 Z9 121 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 120 IS 9 BP 1924 EP 1938 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<1924:EFOTPC>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JL580 UT WOS:A1992JL58000007 ER PT J AU MANOBIANCO, J UCCELINI, LW BRILL, KF KUO, YH AF MANOBIANCO, J UCCELINI, LW BRILL, KF KUO, YH TI THE IMPACT OF DYNAMIC DATA ASSIMILATION ON THE NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF THE QE-II CYCLONE AND AN ANALYSIS OF THE JET STREAK INFLUENCING THE PRECYCLOGENETIC ENVIRONMENT SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID 4-DIMENSIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; CUMULUS CONVECTION; STORM; CYCLOGENESIS; INTENSIFICATION; INITIALIZATION; EVOLUTION; MODELS; IOP-1 AB The rapid intensification of a surface cyclone that battered the Queen Elizabeth II (QE II) ocean liner in the western Atlantic Ocean during September 1978 has been the focus of several observational and model-based case studies. The storm is considered a classic example of a cyclone that undergoes explosive deepening, marked by a 60-hPa decrease of the central mean sea level pressure (MSLP) in 24 h. The present study uses a regional-scale numerical model in conjunction with dynamic data assimilation via Newtonian relaxation (or "nudging") to provide initial conditions for subsequent simulations of the QE II cyclone. The objectives of this paper are 1 ) to show that the simulations initialized from the results of 12-h precyclogenetic data-assimilation cycles (with and without bogus data) are superior to those initialized statically from the same data and 2) to resolve the evolution of the upper-level trough-jet system in the 24-h period from 0000 UTC 9 September-0000 UTC 10 September using the dynamically consistent four-dimensional (4D) datasets generated by the model. The 4D model-generated datasets provide the spatial and temporal data resolution not afforded in the observational studies to document the structure and evolution of the dynamical forcing associated with the QE H cyclone. However, the temporal continuity of the cyclone's development, especially the evolution of the upper-level trough-jet system and the associated indirect circulations in the exit region of the upper-tropospheric jet streak, is interrupted at the end of the nudging cycle. This problem poses a limitation for using the 4D datasets for diagnostic studies of the QE II cyclone in the precyclogenetic period during the data-assimilation cycle. Dynamic data assimilation and the inclusion of supplementary data both have a large positive impact on the simulated position and intensity of the QE II cyclone from 1200 UTC 9 September to 0000 UTC 10 September during the initial phase of rapid cyclone development. These runs capture the developing cyclone and associated rate of MSLP falls at 1200 UTC 9 September, whereas the runs based on static initialization delay the deepening six to nine hours into the model simulation. The diagnostic analyses based on these simulations show that the initial development of the QE II storm between 0000 UTC 9 September and 0000 UTC 10 September was embedded within an indirect circulation of an intense 300-hPa jet streak, was related to baroclinic processes that extended throughout a deep portion of the troposphere and was associated with a classic two-layer mass-divergence profile expected for an extratropical cyclone. The runs initialized from data-assimilation cycles, including the bogus data, still underestimate the MSLP of the QE II cyclone by 30% at 24 h into the simulations (1200 UTC 10 September). These results provide further supporting evidence that increasing the horizontal model resolution and improving the subgrid-scale physical parameterizations (especially the precipitation schemes) may be required to simulate the most rapid development phase of the QE II cyclone. C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,ATMOSPHERES LAB,GREENBELT,MD 20771. NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,NATL METEROL CTR,CAMP SPRINGS,MD. NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,BOULDER,CO 80307. RP MANOBIANCO, J (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,RES & DATA SYST,CODE 912,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 120 IS 9 BP 1973 EP 1996 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<1973:TIODDA>2.0.CO;2 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JL580 UT WOS:A1992JL58000010 ER PT J AU WU, XQ SMITH, WL AF WU, XQ SMITH, WL TI ASSIMILATION OF ERBE DATA WITH A NONLINEAR-PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUE TO IMPROVE CLOUD-COVER DIAGNOSIS SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; RADIATION BUDGET EXPERIMENT; WATER-VAPOR; PHYSICAL INITIALIZATION; SPECTRAL MODEL; ABSORPTION; SATELLITE; SCHEME AB A method is developed to assimilate satellite data for the purpose of improving the diagnosis of fractional cloud cover within a numerical weather prediction model. The method makes use of a nonlinear programming technique to find a set of parameters for the cloud diagnosis that minimizes the difference between the observed and model-produced outgoing longwave radiation (OLR). The algorithm and theoretical basis of the method are presented. The method has been applied in two forecast experiments using a numerical weather prediction model. The results from a winter case demonstrate that the root-mean-square (rms) difference between the observed and forecasted OLR can be reduced by 50% when the optimized cloud diagnosis is used, with the remaining rms difference within the background noise. The optimized diagnosis also reduces the rms difference in a summer experiment, but the reduction is inadequate, possibly because of the inability of the current cloud scheme to deal with convective activity. The optimization procedure is both stable and sensitive. The largest impact of the optimized cloud diagnosis is on the forecast of surface temperature. The impact on the forecast of other model variables is insignificant. This is partly due to the model's highly simplified treatment of cloud and to the short time of model integration compared to the time scale of radiative forcing. Possible applications and limitations of the method are discussed. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,COOPERAT INST METEOROL SATELLITE STUDIES,MADISON,WI 53706. RP WU, XQ (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,CB 449,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. RI Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010 OI Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650 NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 120 IS 9 BP 2009 EP 2024 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<2009:AOEDWA>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JL580 UT WOS:A1992JL58000012 ER PT J AU NOGUESPAEGLE, J RODGERS, DA MO, KC AF NOGUESPAEGLE, J RODGERS, DA MO, KC TI LOW-FREQUENCY PREDICTABILITY OF THE DYNAMIC EXTENDED-RANGE FORECAST EXPERIMENT SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-METEOROLOGICAL-CENTER; NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION; 40-50 DAY OSCILLATION; NORTHERN WINTER; CIRCULATION; SCALE; MODEL; TROPICS; DERF AB The tropical intraseasonal oscillation is examined using projections of 5-day-averaged wind and height data onto the normal modes of a primitive equation model linearized about a basic state at rest and prescribed global temperature. The dataset utilized in this study is from the Dynamical Extended-Range Forecast (DERF) Experiment, conducted from January 1986 through March 1987. Examination of zonal-wind anomalies in the tropics shows that the forecast model is able to predict propagation of intraseasonal variations more accurately for slow propagation rates. The forecasted amplitude is generally weaker than the analyzed amplitude. Analyzed kinetic energy and error fields exhibit similar horizontal scales for external and internal modes. External Rossby-mode components maximize in the extratropics while Rossby internal modes exhibit patterns that extend over the entire globe. The total energy error of zonally asymmetric flow exhibits dominant contributions from the first and third vertical modes. Midlatitude zonally averaged zonal-wind error is mostly due to internal (baroclinic) Rossby mode structures. Baroclinic error components are shown to be related to the tropical convective rainfall precipitation error using results obtained from a linearized shallow-water equation model. There is some evidence of internal Rossby-mode errors propagating from low into high latitudes, while the reverse is true for external modes. Tropical forecasts of the divergent wind are found to be less dependent on the extratropics than those for the rotational wind, with tropical forcing and dynamics playing a dominant role in the specification of the tropical circulation. C1 NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,NATL METEOROL CTR,CAC,WASHINGTON,DC 20233. RP NOGUESPAEGLE, J (reprint author), UNIV UTAH,DEPT METEOROL,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84112, USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 120 IS 9 BP 2025 EP 2041 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<2025:LFPOTD>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JL580 UT WOS:A1992JL58000013 ER PT J AU ASSEL, RA AF ASSEL, RA TI GREAT-LAKES WINTER-WEATHER 700-HPA PNA TELECONNECTIONS SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Note ID ICE AB A positive 700-hPa Pacific-North America (PNA) circulation index in December 1989 was replaced by a negative PNA index in January and February 1990. This circulation pattern reversal was associated with an anomaly reversal in air temperatures over the eastern half of the United States and anomaly reversals in the air temperature, snowfall, and ice cover of the Great Lakes. Evidence of PNA teleconnections with these Great Lakes climatic variables for a 20-winter base period is presented through correlations of anomalies in the monthly 700-hPa PNA index and PNA coordinates with anomalies in Great Lakes average monthly air temperature, snowfall, and ice cover. RP ASSEL, RA (reprint author), NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 120 IS 9 BP 2156 EP 2163 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<2156:GLWWHP>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JL580 UT WOS:A1992JL58000020 ER PT J AU DIZDAROGLU, M AF DIZDAROGLU, M TI OXIDATIVE DAMAGE TO DNA IN MAMMALIAN CHROMATIN SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE DNA DAMAGE; AGING; HYDROXYL RADICAL; MODIFIED DNA BASES; DNA-PROTEIN CROSS-LINKS; OXYGEN EFFECT ID SITE-SPECIFIC MUTAGENESIS; LINK INVOLVING THYMINE; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; IONIZING-RADIATION; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; BASE DAMAGE; CROSS-LINK; PROTEIN CROSSLINKS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; HYDROXYL RADICALS AB Efforts have been made to characterize and measure DNA modifications produced in mammalian chromatin in vitro and in vivo by a variety of free radical-producing systems. Methodologies incorporating the technique of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry have been used for this purpose. A number of products from all four DNA bases and several DNA-protein cross-links in isolated chromatin have been identified and quantitated. Product formation has been shown to depend on the free radical-producing system and the presence or absence of oxygen. A similar pattern of DNA modifications has also been observed in chromatin of cultured mammalian cells treated with ionizing radiation or H2O2 and in chromatin of organs of animals treated with carcinogenic metal salts. RP DIZDAROGLU, M (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LABS,BLDG 222A353,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 76 TC 417 Z9 431 U1 4 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD SEP PY 1992 VL 275 IS 3-6 BP 331 EP 342 DI 10.1016/0921-8734(92)90036-O PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA JV302 UT WOS:A1992JV30200022 PM 1383774 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, DM WHITE, AW AF ANDERSON, DM WHITE, AW TI MARINE BIOTOXINS AT THE TOP OF THE FOOD-CHAIN SO OCEANUS LA English DT Article C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,WOODS HOLE,MA. RP ANDERSON, DM (reprint author), WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,DEPT BIOL,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 0 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 7 PU WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INST PI WOODS HOLE PA OCEANUS MAGAZINE, WOODS HOLE, MA 02543 SN 0029-8182 J9 OCEANUS JI Oceanus PD FAL PY 1992 VL 35 IS 3 BP 55 EP 61 PG 7 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA JX220 UT WOS:A1992JX22000008 ER PT J AU CASWELL, H BRAULT, S AF CASWELL, H BRAULT, S TI LIFE-CYCLES AND POPULATION-DYNAMICS - MATHEMATICAL-MODELS FOR MARINE ORGANISMS SO OCEANUS LA English DT Article C1 NE FISHERIES SCI CTR,WOODS HOLE,MA. RP CASWELL, H (reprint author), WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INST PI WOODS HOLE PA OCEANUS MAGAZINE, WOODS HOLE, MA 02543 SN 0029-8182 J9 OCEANUS JI Oceanus PD FAL PY 1992 VL 35 IS 3 BP 86 EP 93 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA JX220 UT WOS:A1992JX22000015 ER PT J AU MAREZIO, M SANTORO, A CAPPONI, JJ CAVA, RJ CHMAISSEM, O HUANG, Q AF MAREZIO, M SANTORO, A CAPPONI, JJ CAVA, RJ CHMAISSEM, O HUANG, Q TI THE CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE OF PB2SR2YCU3O8+DELTA WITH DELTA = 1.32, 1.46, 1.61, 1.71, BY POWDER NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN STOICHIOMETRY; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB The structures of Pb2Sr2YCu3O8+delta with delta = 1.46, 1.61, 1.71, have been determined by powder neutron diffraction data. As previously shown for Pb2Sr2YCu3O9.32, the extra oxygen atoms are incorporated on the Cu layer sandwiched between two PbO layers. The structural refinements indicated that the most stable structure is that of Pb2Sr2YCu3O9.5 in which the two possible oxygen sites on the Cu layer are filled up to 75%. These extra oxygen atoms give rise to superstructures and change the coordination of the cations belonging to the (PbO) (Cu) (PbO) blocks. In Pb2Sr2YCu3O9.5 the Cu cations inside these blocks are surrounded by an oxygen pyramid, while the Pb cations are surrounded by seven, eight, or nine oxygen atoms, depending upon the specific site in the superstructure. At the same time, the valences of these cations increase from 1+ to 2+ for Cu and from 2+ to 4+ for half of the Pb. The oxidation of the Pb cations hinders the charge transfer from the CuO1.5 layers to the superconducting (CuO2)(Y)(CuO2) blocks and the oxidation of Pb2Sr2YCu3O8 does not lead to a superconducting state. Every sample we analyzed should be considered either an oxygen-deficient compound or one containing an excess oxygen with respect to the Pb2Sr2YCu3O9.5 structure. C1 NIST,DIV REACTOR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. AT&T BELL LABS,MURRAY HILL,NJ 07974. RP MAREZIO, M (reprint author), UNIV JOSEPT FOURIER,CRISTALLOGR LAB,CNRS,BP 166,F-38042 GRENOBLE 09,FRANCE. NR 11 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD SEP 1 PY 1992 VL 199 IS 3-4 BP 365 EP 374 DI 10.1016/0921-4534(92)90424-B PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA JL831 UT WOS:A1992JL83100020 ER PT J AU BOLLINGER, JJ HEINZEN, DJ MOORE, FL ITANO, WM WINELAND, DJ AF BOLLINGER, JJ HEINZEN, DJ MOORE, FL ITANO, WM WINELAND, DJ TI LOW ORDER MODES OF AN ION CLOUD IN A PENNING TRAP SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON PHYSICS WITH PENNING TRAPS CY JUN 29-JUL 01, 1991 CL LERTORPET, SWEDEN ID PURE ELECTRON-PLASMA; NONNEUTRAL PLASMA; TRANSPORT; EQUILIBRIA; COLUMN AB The electrostatic modes of a cloud of ions confined in a Penning trap are discussed in the limit that the Debye length is small compared to the cloud dimensions and the cloud dimensions are small compared to the trap dimensions. Experimental measurements of some of these mode frequencies on plasmas of laser-cooled Be+ ions agree well with calculations. Observation of the modes provides a nondestructive method for obtaining information on the ion density and cloud shape. In addition, excitation of the modes by static field asymmetries may provide a practical limit to the density and number of charged particles that can be stored in a Penning trap. RP BOLLINGER, JJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV TIME & FREQUENCY,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0281-1847 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 46 IS 3 BP 282 EP 284 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/46/3/013 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA JH436 UT WOS:A1992JH43600014 ER PT J AU MARINKOVIC, B WANG, P GALLAGHER, A AF MARINKOVIC, B WANG, P GALLAGHER, A TI THRESHOLD ELECTRON-EXCITATION OF NA SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SECTIONS; IMPACT; SODIUM; ATOMS; SCATTERING; STATE; CS AB Electron collisional excitation of the 4D, 5D, 4P, and 6S states of Na has been measured with about 30-meV energy resolution. Very rapid, unresolved threshold onsets are seen for all but the 4P state, and a near-threshold resonance is suggested by the 5D data. However, only weak undulations in the cross sections are observed above threshold. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,BOULDER,CO 80309. RI Marinkovic, Bratislav/D-3589-2012 OI Marinkovic, Bratislav/0000-0002-6904-6360 NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP 1 PY 1992 VL 46 IS 5 BP 2553 EP 2557 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.46.2553 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA JM063 UT WOS:A1992JM06300045 ER PT J AU CIRAC, JI BLATT, R ZOLLER, P PHILLIPS, WD AF CIRAC, JI BLATT, R ZOLLER, P PHILLIPS, WD TI LASER COOLING OF TRAPPED IONS IN A STANDING WAVE SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID PHOTON RECOIL ENERGY; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; MOTION; ATOMS AB Laser cooling of trapped ions in a standing- and running-wave configuration is discussed theoretically. The ions are assumed to be spatially localized on the scale provided by the wavelength of the laser (Lamb-Dicke limit). A master equation for the center-of-mass distribution of the ion is derived for a multilevel system and explicit results are presented for two- and three-level systems and harmonic trapping potentials. For the two-level system located at the node of the standing wave, we find final temperatures that are a factor of 2 lower than the limit for a running wave and cooling rates that do not saturate with the laser intensity. At the point of maximum gradient of the standing wave, blue detuned cooling is found that is analogous to the Sisyphus cooling of free atoms. For a three-level system we compare our results with those of Wineland, Dalibard, and Cohen-Tannoudji [J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 9, 32 (1992)]. C1 INST EXPTL PHYS 1,W-2000 HAMBURG 36,GERMANY. UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Zoller, Peter/O-1639-2014 OI Zoller, Peter/0000-0003-4014-1505 NR 24 TC 193 Z9 196 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP 1 PY 1992 VL 46 IS 5 BP 2668 EP 2681 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.46.2668 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA JM063 UT WOS:A1992JM06300059 ER PT J AU MEACHER, DR SMITH, PGR EWART, P COOPER, J AF MEACHER, DR SMITH, PGR EWART, P COOPER, J TI FREQUENCY-SPECTRUM OF THE SIGNAL WAVE IN RESONANT 4-WAVE-MIXING INDUCED BY BROAD-BANDWIDTH LASERS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID 3-PHOTON IONIZATION; PHASE CONJUGATION; PULSED LASERS; SODIUM VAPOR; LINE-SHAPES; DEGENERATE; FLUORESCENCE; SATURATION; STATISTICS; FIELDS AB We develop a theory of near-resonant four-wave mixing induced by broad-bandwidth chaotic fields in a medium composed of two-level atoms. By solving the equations of motion for the elements of the atomic density matrix using an appropriate decorrelation approximation, we derive an analytic expression for the frequency spectrum of the signal wave for the case of the bandwidth of the fluctuations of the pump field exceeding the other relaxation rates in the problem. The probe wave is considered weak and of arbitrary bandwidth. The theory is valid for pump intensities up to and exceeding the bandwidth-dependent saturation value. Finally, we show how the frequency spectrum is modified if account is taken of atomic motion. The theoretical results are of direct relevance to practical experiments involving broad-bandwidth pulsed lasers and employing an atomic vapor as the nonlinear medium. C1 UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP MEACHER, DR (reprint author), UNIV OXFORD,CLARENDON LAB,PARKS RD,OXFORD OX1 3PU,ENGLAND. RI Smith, Peter/D-5951-2016 OI Smith, Peter/0000-0003-0319-718X NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP 1 PY 1992 VL 46 IS 5 BP 2718 EP 2725 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.46.2718 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA JM063 UT WOS:A1992JM06300064 ER PT J AU YOU, L MOSTOWSKI, J COOPER, J AF YOU, L MOSTOWSKI, J COOPER, J TI CONE EMISSION FROM LASER-PUMPED 2-LEVEL ATOMS .1. QUANTUM-THEORY OF RESONANT LIGHT-PROPAGATION SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID CONICAL EMISSION; SUPERFLUORESCENCE; TRANSITION; SODIUM AB This is the first of a series of papers on the theory of cone emission from a laser-pumped two-level atomic medium. Starting from microscopic quantum theory for both the active medium and the field, equations for the slowly varying macroscopic quantities are derived. In the steady-state limit, which experimentally corresponds to cw excitation, we find that the sources for the paraxial fields of interest have a long coherence length despite the random nature of spontaneous emission. These radiation sources enter into the equations for the fields in the same form as the source generated by four-wave mixing and therefore may be considered as a "spontaneous four-wave mixing," since the photons emitted in the Rabi sidebands are correlated. This bas far-reaching consequences on the physics of cone emission and also sheds some new light on the fluoresence from strongly driven atomic systems. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. POLISH ACAD SCI,INST PHYS,PL-02668 WARSAW,POLAND. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP YOU, L (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 38 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP 1 PY 1992 VL 46 IS 5 BP 2903 EP 2924 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.46.2903 PG 22 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA JM063 UT WOS:A1992JM06300084 ER PT J AU YOU, L MOSTOWSKI, J COOPER, J AF YOU, L MOSTOWSKI, J COOPER, J TI CONE EMISSION FROM LASER-PUMPED 2-LEVEL ATOMS .2. ANALYTICAL MODEL STUDIES SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID CONICAL EMISSION; VAPOR; SODIUM; LIGHT; AMPLIFICATION; SIDEBANDS AB We establish a mechanism, which supports Cherenkov-type radiation, as a source of cone emission. This can be considered as an additional mechanism to the previously discussed four-wave mixing (4WM) and initial encoding and follow-up refraction effects. The radiation source is provided by spontaneous emission of the driven atoms at the frequencies of interest. Due to the medium dispersion, the pump field propagates faster than the phase velocity of the field that is generated at the Rabi sideband at lower frequency. Cherenkov radiation is then possible if the source has a long correlation length, which is indeed the case despite the random nature of spontaneous emission. Coherent superposition of the source for the lower-frequency field is in an off-axis direction given by the Cherenkov radiation condition. Differences between 4WM and Cherenkov-type models are consequently resolved. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. POLISH ACAD SCI,INST PHYS,PL-02668 WARSAW,POLAND. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP YOU, L (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 24 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP 1 PY 1992 VL 46 IS 5 BP 2925 EP 2938 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.46.2925 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA JM063 UT WOS:A1992JM06300085 ER PT J AU PENN, DR COHEN, ML AF PENN, DR COHEN, ML TI EFFECTS OF BROADENING ON BCS THEORY IN THE PRESENCE OF VANHOVE SINGULARITIES SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; LA2-XSRXCUO4; DENSITY; STATES; OXIDES AB There have been recent suggestions that high-T(c) superconductivity can be understood in terms of conventional BCS theory if there is a logarithmic Van Hove singularity in the electron density of states near the Fermi energy as suggested by band theory. We consider the effects of broadening of the singularity on theories of this type. The broadening may be caused by inhomogeneities arising from doping or structural defects, electron inelastic scattering, and three-dimensional dispersion. C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DEPT PHYS,DIV MAT SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP PENN, DR (reprint author), NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL,ELECTR PHYS GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 1 PY 1992 VL 46 IS 9 BP 5466 EP 5469 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.46.5466 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA JM064 UT WOS:A1992JM06400054 ER PT J AU MARTYS, N GARBOCZI, EJ AF MARTYS, N GARBOCZI, EJ TI LENGTH SCALES RELATING THE FLUID PERMEABILITY AND ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY IN RANDOM 2-DIMENSIONAL MODEL POROUS-MEDIA SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENTARY-ROCK; PORE SIZES; TRANSPORT; PERCOLATION; PREDICTION; FLOW AB We present results of a study testing proposed length scales l relating the bulk electrical conductivity sigma of a fluid-saturated porous medium to its permeability k, via the relation k is-proportional-to l2-sigma/sigma-0, where sigma-0 is the fluid conductivity. For a class of two-dimensional model random porous media, we compute sigma, k, and the following three length scales: h, the ratio of pore volume to pore surface area; LAMBDA, as defined by electrical-conductivity measurements; and d(c), as defined by a nonwetting-fluid-injection experiment. Over a range of two and half decades in k, we find that both LAMBDA and d(c) are reasonably good predictors of k, whereas h clearly fails. We also examine differences between the electric fields and the fluid-flow fields for a given pore structure by comparing their respective two-point correlation functions. The length scale-LAMBDA is analytically related to an electric-field correlation length, and is found, to a good approximation, to be proportional to a fluid-velocity correlation length. The results of this paper demonstrate the important effect that spatial randomness in the pore space has on flow problems. In a random pore structure, with a distribution of pore sizes, the flow will tend to go more through the largest pore necks, decreasing the importance of the narrowest necks that tend to dominate the behavior of periodic models. RP MARTYS, N (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BLDG MAT,226-B348,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20878, USA. NR 28 TC 86 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 1 PY 1992 VL 46 IS 10 BP 6080 EP 6090 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.46.6080 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA JM409 UT WOS:A1992JM40900021 ER PT J AU ROGERS, RR KNIGHT, CA TUTTLE, JD ECKLUND, WL CARTER, DA ETHIER, SA AF ROGERS, RR KNIGHT, CA TUTTLE, JD ECKLUND, WL CARTER, DA ETHIER, SA TI RADAR REFLECTIVITY OF THE CLEAR AIR AT WAVELENGTHS OF 5.5 AND 33 CM SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Collocation of a 5.5-cm weather radar and a 33-cm wind profiler during the Hawaiian Rainband Project of 1990 presented several opportunities to compare vertical profiles of reflectivity in the atmosphere at the two wavelengths. On three occasions the beams of both systems were pointed vertically as light rain drifted overhead. The atmospheric reflectivity structure was then dominated by rain at low altitudes but included an elevated layer at the height of the trade wind inversion. Allowing for minor uncertainties in radar sensitivity and range, we found close agreement in the patterns of reflectivity factor Z in the rain as measured by the two systems. The reflectivity factor of the inversion echo at 33 cm then exceeded that at 5.5 cm by approximately 29 dB on average, an amount predicted by the theory of scattering by spatial fluctuations in the clear-air refractive index. These observations are consistent with the assumptions that (1) the inversion echo is a clear-air echo, uncontaminated by raindrops or other Rayleigh scatterers and (2) the reflectivity of the inversion at both wavelengths is explained by Bragg scattering from refractive index fluctuations induced by mixing in the inertial subrange of homogeneous turbulence. C1 NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,BOULDER,CO 80307. NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP ROGERS, RR (reprint author), MCGILL UNIV,DEPT METEOROL,MONTREAL H3A 2K6,QUEBEC,CANADA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 27 IS 5 BP 645 EP 659 DI 10.1029/92RS00909 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA JR536 UT WOS:A1992JR53600010 ER PT J AU GARCIA, HA MCINTOSH, PS AF GARCIA, HA MCINTOSH, PS TI HIGH-TEMPERATURE FLARES OBSERVED IN BROAD-BAND SOFT X-RAYS SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-FLARES; HINOTORI SATELLITE; PROTON FLARES; POLARIZATION; ANISOTROPY; SPECTRA; BURSTS AB Broadband soft solar X-rays monitored by the GOES satellites have been used to detect high-temperature flares (> 25 MK). The data suggest that there are two general categories of high-temperature flares: those that are intrinsically hot and recur repeatedly in particular active regions and those that show enhanced temperatures because of their proximity to the solar limb. Intrinsically hot flares associate with gamma-ray flares and impulsive hard X-ray flares. Hot flares show a small incidence with gradual hard X-rav flares, but those cases are either extremely intense flares or limb flares. The apparently hot flares occur near the visible limb, which suggests the strong thermal stratification of flare plasmas as demonstrated by over-the-limb events; even on the visible disk near the limb, the lower, cooler plasmas are somehow partially occulted. RP GARCIA, HA (reprint author), NOAA,SPACE ENVIRONM LAB,ENVIRONM RES LABS,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 27 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 141 IS 1 BP 109 EP 126 DI 10.1007/BF00155907 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA JP366 UT WOS:A1992JP36600008 ER PT J AU GARCIA, HA FARNIK, F AF GARCIA, HA FARNIK, F TI FLARE PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS BASED ON THE SOFT-X-RAY PHOTOMETRIC DATA FROM GOES AND PROGNOZ SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Concurrent observations of solar soft X-ray photometers aboard the USA weather and space environment monitoring satellite GOES 6 and the USSR geophysical research satellite PROGNOZ 9 made it possible to compare physical parameters of flare plasmas obtained from both instruments as they observed the same solar events. Because of significant instrumental differences, a new method for comparing results had to be developed; this method is described. This paper addresses two related topics: (1) the intercomparison of two dissimilar X-ray photometers that cover approximately the same region of the X-ray spectrum, and (2) the analysis of flare plasma during the rise and decay phases, utilizing the dissimilar response characteristics of the X-ray sensors to discriminate the non-isothermal from isothermal epochs and to identify some of the main properties of those epochs. The intercomparison work considered the different spectral responses of the two photometers, but it was found that the residual differences in the respective X-ray fluxes were apparently due to a combination of environmental factors and uncertainties in the sensor calibrations. These sources of error affected the overall output of the photometers and the relative output of the two channels within each instrument. The effect of the error sources was largest at low flux levels and low temperatures; consequently the computed temperatures and emission measures were in relatively good agreement near X-ray maximum, particularly for those flares registering the highest temperatures. The analysis of flare plasma composition indicated that at the initial stage the plasma is strongly; non-isothermal; it then thermalizes gradually, becoming mainly isothermal during the decay phase. A method for quantifying the distribution of the non-isothermal plasma is presented. C1 CZECHOSLOVAK ACAD SCI,INST ASTRON,CS-25165 ONDREJOV,CZECHOSLOVAKIA. RP GARCIA, HA (reprint author), NOAA,SPACE ENVIRONM LAB,ENVIRONM RES LABS,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Farnik, Frantisek/G-9010-2014 NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 141 IS 1 BP 127 EP 146 DI 10.1007/BF00155908 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA JP366 UT WOS:A1992JP36600009 ER PT J AU BODHAINE, BA BARRIE, LA AF BODHAINE, BA BARRIE, LA TI SYMPOSIUM ON THE TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY OF THE ANTARCTIC REGION - PREFACE SO TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP BODHAINE, BA (reprint author), NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,R E CG1,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0280-6509 J9 TELLUS B JI Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 44 IS 4 BP 249 EP 249 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JP025 UT WOS:A1992JP02500001 ER PT J AU BODHAINE, BA BARRIE, LA SCHNELL, RC SHAW, GE MCKIE, JK AF BODHAINE, BA BARRIE, LA SCHNELL, RC SHAW, GE MCKIE, JK TI SYMPOSIUM ON THE TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY OF THE ANTARCTIC REGION SO TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP BODHAINE, BA (reprint author), NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,R E CG1,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0280-6509 J9 TELLUS B JI Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 44 IS 4 BP 250 EP 251 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0889.1992.t01-3-00002.x PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JP025 UT WOS:A1992JP02500002 ER PT J AU HARRIS, JM AF HARRIS, JM TI AN ANALYSIS OF 5-DAY MIDTROPOSPHERIC FLOW PATTERNS FOR THE SOUTH-POLE - 1985-1989 SO TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON THE TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY OF THE ANTARCTIC REGION CY JUN 03-05, 1991 CL BOULDER, CO AB An analysis of 5-day midtropospheric flow patterns for the South Pole during 1985-1989 is presented. Cluster analysis was used to summarize trajectories by year and by month. The results indicate that flow from the east was most often anticyclonic and light, occurring 8-18 % of the time. Westerly flow patterns were the strongest and most frequent (37-51 % occurrence). They were consistently cyclonic, usually reflecting storms in the Ross Sea area, the average center of the circumpolar vortex. Strong northerly flow occurred more often in 1987 than in other years. Year-to-year variability was also evident in southwesterly flow, which was enhanced in 1988, and weaker in 1987, compared with other years. The lightest winds over the South Pole occur during January, while the most vigorous long-range transport to South Pole occurs from July through October. Selected isentropic trajectories were examined to determine errors inherent in the isobaric estimates. Isentropic trajectories from the east showed little vertical motion and good agreement with isobaric ones. Over west Antarctica, however, isentropic trajectories consistently showed positive vertical motion. As a result, their isobaric counterparts were too long and overestimated the cyclonic curvature in the flow. Preferred transport from the west with warm-air advection results from the circumpolar vortex being asymmetrical, and the average isotherms, though roughly circular, being offset to the east of the South Pole. RP HARRIS, JM (reprint author), NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 2 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0280-6509 J9 TELLUS B JI Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 44 IS 4 BP 409 EP 421 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0889.1992.00016.x PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JP025 UT WOS:A1992JP02500016 ER PT J AU WARLEN, SM AF WARLEN, SM TI AGE, GROWTH, AND SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF LARVAL ATLANTIC MENHADEN OFF NORTH-CAROLINA SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BREVOORTIA-TYRANNUS; PATRONUS; FISH; GULF AB Counts of growth increments on sagittal otoliths of larval Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus spawned and reared in the laboratory showed that 1 increment/d was formed beginning 5 d after fertilization and that increment counts could be used to estimate larval age. A Gompertz growth equation described the relationship between age and standard length (SL) for 353 larvae collected off North Carolina in fall and winter, 1979-1980. Larvae grew from 3.4 mm SL at hatching to 25.2 mm SL at 100 d. Age of larvae varied inversely with capture distance from shore. Age distribution of larvae on the North Carolina continental shelf suggests that transport of larvae from offshore spawning sites to the estuary was biphasic. Transport was relatively rapid to within about 35 km of shore and relatively slow from there to shore. Mean age at estuarine recruitment increased from 40 to 80 d throughout the recruitment season, which may represent differences in transport rate. RP WARLEN, SM (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SOUTHEAST FISHERIES SCI CTR,BEAUFORT LAB,BEAUFORT,NC 28516, USA. NR 27 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 121 IS 5 BP 588 EP 598 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1992)121<0588:AGASDO>2.3.CO;2 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA KN447 UT WOS:A1992KN44700003 ER PT J AU TERCEIRO, M FOURNIER, DA SIBERT, JR AF TERCEIRO, M FOURNIER, DA SIBERT, JR TI COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF MULTIFAN AND SHEPHERD LENGTH COMPOSITION ANALYSIS (SRLCA) ON SIMULATED LENGTH-FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SHRIMP PANDALUS-BOREALIS; GROWTH-PARAMETERS; SAMPLES; GULF AB We simulated length-frequency distributions for 3-, 7-, and 13-age-class exploited populations to compare the performance of Shepherd's length composition analysis (SRLCA) and MULTIFAN in resolving the distributions to age frequencies. The length distributions were characterized by von Bertalanffy growth, variable recruitment, variable mortality, partial selectivity of fishing gear for the youngest age-groups, and a length-dependent trend in the standard deviation in length at age. We assessed quantitatively the comparative performance of SRLCA and MULTIFAN by using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov cumulative distribution test to compare calculated proportions at age with the simulated values. Shepherd's analysis provided a good return for the amount of computational resources invested, with limited subjective user input. In contrast, MULTIFAN offered a much more complex but powerful estimation technique, and performed consistently better than SRLCA in matching the simulated proportions at age. C1 OTTER RES LTD,NANAIMO V9R 5K9,BC,CANADA. RP TERCEIRO, M (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NORTHEAST FISHERIES SCI CTR,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 121 IS 5 BP 667 EP 677 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1992)121<0667:CPOMAS>2.3.CO;2 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA KN447 UT WOS:A1992KN44700010 ER PT J AU MALLIN, MA BURKHOLDER, JM SULLIVAN, MJ SCHAFF, WE PETERS, DS AF MALLIN, MA BURKHOLDER, JM SULLIVAN, MJ SCHAFF, WE PETERS, DS TI CONTRIBUTIONS OF BENTHIC MICROALGAE TO COASTAL FISHERY YIELD SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Note ID COMMUNITY; PRODUCTIVITY; PREDATION; FLORIDA; SOUND C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES SCI CTR,BEAUFORT LAB,BEAUFORT,NC 28516. RP MALLIN, MA (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA WILMINGTON,DEPT BIOL SCI,WILMINGTON,NC 28403, USA. NR 29 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 121 IS 5 BP 691 EP 695 DI 10.1577/1548-8659-121.5.691 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA KN447 UT WOS:A1992KN44700014 ER PT J AU LINDSEY, SD GUNDERSON, RW RILEY, JP AF LINDSEY, SD GUNDERSON, RW RILEY, JP TI SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION OF POINT SOIL-MOISTURE ESTIMATES USING LANDSAT TM DATA AND FUZZY-C CLASSIFICATION SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE REMOTE SENSING; INFILTRATION AND SOIL MOISTURE; FOREST HYDROLOGY; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AB Many hydrologic models have input data requirements that are difficult to satisfy for all but a few well-instrumented, experimental watersheds. In this study point soil moisture in a mountain watershed with various types of vegetative cover was modeled using a generalized regression model. Information on surficial characteristics of the watershed was obtained by applying fuzzy set theory to a database consisting of only satellite and a digital elevation model (DEM). The fuzzy-c algorithm separated the watershed into distinguishable classes and provided regression coefficients for each ground pixel. The regression model used the coefficients to estimate distributed soil moisture over the entire watershed. A soil moisture accounting model was used to resolve temporal differences between measurements at prototypical measurement sites and validation sites. The results were reasonably accurate for all classes in the watershed. The spatial distribution of soil moisture estimates corresponded accurately with soil moisture measurements at validation sites on the watershed. It was concluded that use of the regression model to distribute soil moisture from a specified number of points can be combined with satellite and DEM information to provide a reasonable estimation of the spatial distribution of soil moisture for a watershed. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT ELECT ENGN,LOGAN,UT 84322. UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP LINDSEY, SD (reprint author), NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,HYDROL RES LAB,1325 EAST WEST HIGHWAY,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 28 IS 5 BP 865 EP 875 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA KM312 UT WOS:A1992KM31200006 ER PT J AU JUNKER, NW HOKE, JE SULLIVAN, BE BRILL, KF HUGHES, FJ AF JUNKER, NW HOKE, JE SULLIVAN, BE BRILL, KF HUGHES, FJ TI SEASONAL AND GEOGRAPHIC VARIATIONS IN QUANTITATIVE PRECIPITATION PREDICTION BY NMCS NESTED-GRID MODEL AND MEDIUM-RANGE FORECAST MODEL SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB This paper assesses the performance of the National Meteorological Center (NMC) Nested-Grid Model (NGM) during a period from March 1988 through March 1990, and the NMC medium-range forecast model (MRF) in two 136-day tests, one during summer made up of two 68-day periods (19 July-25 September 1989 and 20 June-28 August 1990) and one during winter and early spring (12 December 1989-26 April 1990). Seasonal and geographical variations of precipitation bias and threat score are discussed for each model. Differences in model performance in predicting various amounts of precipitation are described. The performance of the NGM and MRF varied by season, geographic area, and precipitation amount. The bias of the models varied significantly during the year. The NGM and MRF overpredicted the frequency of measurable precipitation (greater-than-or-equal-to 0.01 in.) across much of the eastern half of the United States during the warm season. Both models, however, underpredicted the frequency of greater-than-or-equal-to 0.50-in. amounts across the South during the cool season. The smooth orography in both models has a strong impact on the models' precipitation forecasts. Each model overpredicted the frequency of heavier precipitation over the southern Appalachians, over portions of the Gulf-facing upslope areas east of the Rocky Mountains, and to the lee of the Cascade and Sierra ranges of the West. The NGM underpredicted the frequency of heavier amounts on the Pacific-facing windward side of the Cascade Range of Oregon and Washington. Model performance also seems to be related to the synoptic situation. Threat scores were higher when the midlevel westerlies were more active, with the highest threat scores found north of the most frequent track of cyclones during the cool season. RP JUNKER, NW (reprint author), NOAA,NWS,NMC,DIV METEOROL OPERAT,WORLD WEATHER BLDG,5200 AUTH RD,CAMP SPRINGS,MD 20746, USA. NR 0 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 7 IS 3 BP 410 EP 429 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1992)007<0410:SAGVIQ>2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KR082 UT WOS:A1992KR08200001 ER PT J AU SNOOK, JS AF SNOOK, JS TI CURRENT TECHNIQUES FOR REAL-TIME EVALUATION OF CONDITIONAL SYMMETRICAL INSTABILITY SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB Banded cloudiness and precipitation are sometimes observed in convectively stable environments. These observations are often attributed to conditional symmetric instability (CSI). High-resolution operational instruments in the wind-profiler network and the WSR-88D radar network are beginning to provide real-time data that can enhance the evaluation of CSI conditions. These systems, combined with operational mesoscale models and the advanced meteorological computer workstation, are providing the opportunity to efficiently assess CSI on the meso-beta scale (20-200 km) in real time. CSI theory is reviewed and techniques to apply CSI theory utilizing the new operational instrumentation are discussed. A case study is presented to illustrate current CSI evaluation techniques. RP SNOOK, JS (reprint author), NOAA,FSL,R E FS1,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 7 IS 3 BP 430 EP 439 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1992)007<0430:CTFRTE>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KR082 UT WOS:A1992KR08200002 ER PT J AU DING, JC DOSWELL, CA BURGESS, DW FOSTER, MP BRANICK, ML AF DING, JC DOSWELL, CA BURGESS, DW FOSTER, MP BRANICK, ML TI VERIFICATION OF MESOSCALE FORECASTS MADE DURING MAP 88 AND MAP 89 SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB Two experimental forecasting projects, each called Mesoscale Applications Project (MAP), were conducted jointly by the National Severe Storms Laboratory and the National Weather Service Forecast Office at Norman, Oklahoma, during 1988 and 1989. This paper focuses primarily on the verification of the MAP '88 and MAP '89 experimental forecasts, and combines the results with those from a similar experiment run in 1987, to examine the evolution of forecast skill over that three-year period. Results suggest that the severe-weather outlooks issued on a given experiment day exhibited good skill, with the skill being fairly stable over the three-year period studied. For outlooks issued the day before, the skill was notably higher in 1987 than in the subsequent years. Convective-mode forecasts ranged from poor to moderate skill levels, and did not change significantly from results obtained in 1987. Areal lightning forecasts were attempted in 1988 and 1989, with skill increasing more or less as the valid area increased, that area being defined as a circle ranging from 10 to 40 km of Norman. Advance outlooks for lightning, issued the day before the anticipated event, showed little or no skill. Some discussion of the possible reasons for the observed forecasting skill and its trends is presented. Several aspects of forecasting experiments in general are discussed also, based on experience during the MAP experiments. C1 NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LABS,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,1313 HALLEY CIRCLE,NORMAN,OK 73069. RI Doswell III, Charles/E-7662-2010 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 7 IS 3 BP 468 EP 479 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KR082 UT WOS:A1992KR08200005 ER PT J AU GRIFFIN, JS BURPEE, RW MARKS, FD FRANKLIN, JL AF GRIFFIN, JS BURPEE, RW MARKS, FD FRANKLIN, JL TI REAL-TIME AIRBORNE ANALYSIS OF AIRCRAFT DATA SUPPORTING OPERATIONAL HURRICANE FORECASTING SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB The Hurricane Research Division has developed a technique for real-time airborne analysis of aircraft data from reconnaissance and research flights in tropical cyclones. The technique uses an onboard workstation that analyzes flight-level observations, radar reflectivity patterns, radial Doppler velocities, and vertical soundings from Omega dropwindsondes (ODWs). Many of the workstation analyses are in storm-relative coordinates that depend upon interactive identification of the cyclone center from the radar reflectivity data. Displays of the lower fuselage radar reflectivity, composited for 1-2 h, provide an overall perspective of the horizontal patterns of precipitation and a framework for interpretation of thermodynamic and kinematic observations. The workstation runs algorithms for estimation of the horizontal wind field in the hurricane core using radial velocities measured by the airborne Doppler radar during one or more penetrations of the storm center. Interactive software also supports real-time processing of ODW wind and thermodynamic data, objective editing of bad data, and automatic dissemination of mandatory and significant-level data in the standard dropwindsonde code. Similarly processed ODWs have been consistently shown to reduce forecast errors of hurricane track in several objective models used by the forecasters at NHC. Plans for the 1992 hurricane season include the transmission of subsets of the data to the National Hurricane Center (NHC) through the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) communications system and the display of the aircraft analyses for the forecasters at NHC. With the implementation of these plans, NHC will receive two-dimensional analyses of the mesoscale precipitation and wind structure of the storm core and more frequent estimates of the location and recent motion of tropical cyclones. The information will enable forecasters to take advantage of recent advances in the understanding of hurricane-intensity change. C1 NOAA,AOML,DIV HURRICANE RES,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149. RI Marks, Frank/A-5733-2011 OI Marks, Frank/0000-0003-0371-5514 NR 0 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 7 IS 3 BP 480 EP 490 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1992)007<0480:RTAAOA>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KR082 UT WOS:A1992KR08200006 ER PT J AU SCHULTZ, P POLITOVICH, MK AF SCHULTZ, P POLITOVICH, MK TI TOWARD THE IMPROVEMENT OF AIRCRAFT-ICING FORECASTS FOR THE CONTINENTAL UNITED-STATES SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Note AB An automated procedure is developed for detecting and forecasting atmospheric conditions conducive to aircraft icing over the continental United States. The procedure uses gridded output from the Nested-Grid Model, and is based on the manual techniques currently in use at the National Aviation Weather Advisory Unit in Kansas City, Missouri. Verification of the procedure suggests forecasting performance on par with the human forecasters. Unfortunately, efforts at more-rigorous performance analysis are hindered by the inadequacies of the verification database, which consists of pilots' subjective reports of airframe ice buildup. In general, no-ice conditions are not reported. The physics of aircraft icing are reviewed, and the current manual techniques are discussed. The automated procedure provides an infrastructure for implementing incremental improvements in the algorithm as observations and numerical models improve. RP SCHULTZ, P (reprint author), NOAA,FSL,ERL,R E FS1,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 7 IS 3 BP 491 EP 500 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1992)007<0491:TTIOAI>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KR082 UT WOS:A1992KR08200007 ER PT J AU MCCANN, DW AF MCCANN, DW TI A NEURAL NETWORK SHORT-TERM FORECAST OF SIGNIFICANT THUNDERSTORMS SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB Case studies are the typical means by which meteorologists pass on their knowledge of how to solve a particular weather-forecasting problem to other forecasters. A case study helps others recognize an important pattern and enhances the meteorologist in the meteorologist-machine mix. A neural network is an artificial-intelligence tool that excels in pattern recognition. This tool can become another means of enhancing a forecaster's pattern-recognition ability. Since neural networks are a relatively new tool to meteorologists, some basics are given before discussing a 3-7-h significant thunderstorm forecast developed with this technique. Two neural networks learned to forecast significant thunderstorms from fields of surface-based lifted index and surface moisture convergence. These networks are sensitive to the patterns that skilled forecasters recognize as occurring prior to strong thunderstorms. The two neural networks are combined operationally at the National Severe Storms Forecast Center into a single hourly product that enhances pattern-recognition skills. Examples of neural network products are shown, and their potential impact on significant thunderstorm forecasting is demonstrated. RP MCCANN, DW (reprint author), US DEPT COMMERCE,NOAA,NSSFC,601 E 12TH ST,ROOM 1728,KANSAS CITY,MO 64106, USA. NR 0 TC 51 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 7 IS 3 BP 525 EP 534 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1992)007<0525:ANNSTF>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KR082 UT WOS:A1992KR08200011 ER PT J AU PETERSEN, RA AF PETERSEN, RA TI COMPARISONS OF LFM AND NGM LIFTED-INDEX CALCULATIONS SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Note AB Several different forms of lifted index (LI) calculations are available from the Limited-Area Fine Mesh Model (LFM) and Nested-Grid Model (NGM) run operationally at the National Meteorological Center (NMC). The differences between the index calculations are presented, various applications of the LI are discussed, and a case demonstrating some of the strengths and weaknesses of each is presented. RP PETERSEN, RA (reprint author), NOAA,NWS,NMC,DIV DEV,WORLD METEOROL BLDG,ROOM 204,5200 AUTH RD,CAMP SPRINGS,MD 20746, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 7 IS 3 BP 536 EP 541 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1992)007<0536:COLANL>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KR082 UT WOS:A1992KR08200012 ER PT J AU ROZAS, LP AF ROZAS, LP TI COMPARISON OF NEKTON HABITATS ASSOCIATED WITH PIPELINE CANALS AND NATURAL CHANNELS IN LOUISIANA SALT MARSHES SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE PIPELINE CANALS; FISHERIES IMPACT; MARSH SURFACE; LOUISIANA AB Nekton of Louisiana coastal marshes was sampled approximately twice monthly between June 1990 and May 1991 (1) on marshes adjacent to canals and on natural marshes with flumes and (2) within canals and natural channels using a small trawl. Canals constructed using two different methods (flotation and push) were studied. Dagger-blade grass shrimp Palaemonetes pugio, blue crabs Callinectes sapidus, Gulf killifish Fundulus grandis, diamond killifish Adinia xenica, brown shrimp Penaeus aztecus, and sheepshead minnows Cyprinodon variegatus dominated catches in terms of numbers and biomass on marshes as well as in canals and natural channels. Although densities of some species differed among the various sites that were sampled (e.g., dominant cyprinodonts were most abundant in creek tributaries), densities in canal and natural channel habitats were not significantly different. Predator encounter rates in canals and natural channels were similar, suggesting that the value of habitat in canals may increase over time as slumping decreases depth and steepness of bottom profiles and creates shallow subtidal refugia along the canal-marsh interface. The nursery function of canals open to tidal flushing is probably enhanced by the presence of fringing marshes, which provide habitat for nekton at high tide. RP ROZAS, LP (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,4700 AVE U,GALVESTON,TX 77551, USA. NR 0 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD SEP PY 1992 VL 12 IS 2 BP 136 EP 146 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JN108 UT WOS:A1992JN10800008 ER PT J AU NENOFF, TM HARRISON, WTA GIER, TE NICOL, JM STUCKY, GD AF NENOFF, TM HARRISON, WTA GIER, TE NICOL, JM STUCKY, GD TI STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A DEHYDRATED MAGNESIUM SODIUM BERYLLOPHOSPHATE FAUJASITE PHASE SO ZEOLITES LA English DT Article DE MG-BEPO-FAU; CATION SITING; ION-EXCHANGE; CHARACTERIZATION ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; TEMPERATURE SYNTHESIS; MOLECULAR-SIEVES; FRAMEWORK AB As part of the continuing project to study the ion-exchange capability of this new class of molecular sieves, the synthesis and characterization of a dehydrated magnesium-exchanged sodium beryllophosphate faujasite analog, Mg19Na58(BePO4)96 (Mg-BePO-FAU), is described. The 14 K structure of this dehydrated framework has been determined by Rietveld profile analysis of constant wavelength neutron powder diffraction data. Further characterization includes t.g.a., P-31 and Be-9 MAS n.m.r., and FTi.r. Mg-BePO-FAU is a face-centered cubic, crystallizing in space group Fd3BAR (No. 203), with a = 23.2422 (8) angstrom, V = 12555 (2) angstrom3, and Z = 96, with R(p) = 6.41 % and R(wp) = 8.28%. The framework consists of alternating BeO4 and PO4 tetrahedra. The negatively charged framework is charge-balanced by magnesium ions, whose sites have been found in the double six-ring (S(I) site) and by sodium ions found at the six-ring joining the beta-cage and the supercage (S(II) site), with remaining sites probably in the supercage. X-ray diffraction shows that the framework is stable to dehydration under vacuum at 275-degrees-C and can be reversibly hydrated. C1 UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,DEPT CHEM,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106. NIST,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD. UNIV MARYLAND,COLL PK,MD 20742. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0144-2449 J9 ZEOLITES JI Zeolites PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 12 IS 7 BP 770 EP 775 DI 10.1016/0144-2449(92)90048-T PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA JU620 UT WOS:A1992JU62000001 ER PT J AU VANDERHART, DL CAMPBELL, GC BRIBER, RM AF VANDERHART, DL CAMPBELL, GC BRIBER, RM TI PHASE-SEPARATION BEHAVIOR IN BLENDS OF POLY(BENZIMIDAZOLE) AND POLY(ETHER IMIDE) SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID POLYBENZIMIDAZOLE POLYIMIDE BLENDS; PROTON SPIN DIFFUSION; MULTIPLE PULSE NMR; NEGATIVE-PRESSURE; POLYMER BLENDS; MAGIC-ANGLE; RESOLUTION; SPECTROSCOPY; SOLIDS AB A 50/50 blend of a poly(ether imide) (PEI) and a poly(benzimidazole) (PBI) has been studied by small-angle X-ray scattering and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance. This blend, cast from a dimethylacetamide solution, is shown to be intimately blended on a scale of 2.5 nm. Phase separation is detectable upon annealing for 1 h at temperatures of 310-degrees-C and above even though the DSC-determined glass transition temperature for this blend composition is 344-degrees-C. Proton spin-diffusion concepts, along with proton multiple-pulse methods and magic angle spinning, are used to estimate the minimum domain dimensions (MDD's) in those annealed blends which display phase separation. The process of phase separation is interesting in this blend since kinetics and thermodynamics are expected to influence phase separation. The disparate T(g)'s (220-degrees-C for PEI and 420-degrees-C for PBI) suggest that the vitrification of the PBI-rich phase will arrest the growth and composition of phases in a phase-separation process. In keeping with these expectations, relatively small MDD's are observed; they range from 5 to 23 nm for annealing temperatures from 310 to 400-degrees-C. Stoichiometric information regarding the composition of the PBI-rich phase has also been extracted from the spin-diffusion data. This composition moves closer toward a pure PBI phase as the annealing temperature is raised. Surprisingly, the composition of the PBI-rich phase has a DSC-determined T(g) of about 400-degrees-C after annealing for 1 h at only 340-degrees-C. Thus one must be cautious about how one relates DSC-determined T(g)-versus-composition data to long-term blend stability. The SAXS scattering from the phase-separated blend samples is very weak. SAXS curves showed no peaks m the small-angle region; therefore, the data were analyzed using a random-size, two-phase model from which a correlation length, xi, was obtained. The xi values were 3.1-4.6 times smaller than the MDD's when analysis was carried out on the same samples. This disparity, it is argued, implies that the dominant electron density fluctuations occur within the phases rather than originating from the difference m chemical composition between the phases. It is conjectured that such fluctuations could arise from stress buildup during cooling, owing to differential contraction in a bicontinuous-phase morphology. Finally, some simple solubility experiments were conducted on annealed samples. Evidence for cross-linking was seen in both the homopolymers and the blend. However, the suggestion was strong that a PEI/PBI cross-link was favored over a homopolymer cross-link. It remains an open question whether cross-linking or kinetics is responsible for arresting the growth of domains. RP VANDERHART, DL (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Briber, Robert/A-3588-2012 OI Briber, Robert/0000-0002-8358-5942 NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD AUG 31 PY 1992 VL 25 IS 18 BP 4734 EP 4743 DI 10.1021/ma00044a040 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA JL964 UT WOS:A1992JL96400040 ER PT J AU OSTROM, RM TANENBAUM, DM GALLAGHER, A AF OSTROM, RM TANENBAUM, DM GALLAGHER, A TI CONSTRUCTION OF SILICON NANOCOLUMNS WITH THE SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MANIPULATION; SURFACES; ATOMS; SCALE AB Voltage pulses to a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) are used to construct silicon columns of 30-100 angstrom diameter and up to 200 angstrom height on a silicon surface and on the end of a tungsten probe. These nanocolumns have excellent conductivity and longevity, and they provide an exceptional new ability to measure the shapes of nanostructures with a STM. This construction methodology and these slender yet robust columns provide a basis for nanoscale physics, lithography, and technology. C1 UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 24 PY 1992 VL 61 IS 8 BP 925 EP 927 DI 10.1063/1.107730 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA JK481 UT WOS:A1992JK48100017 ER PT J AU MAY, WE AF MAY, WE TI QUALITY ASSURANCE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MEASUREMENTS - NIST RESEARCH AND MEASUREMENT SERVICE ACTIVITIES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST,DIV ORGAN ANALYT RES,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 2 EP SOCED PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ313 UT WOS:A1992JJ31301590 ER PT J AU BROCCOLI, AJ AF BROCCOLI, AJ TI THE USE OF CLIMATE MODELS IN FORECASTING FUTURE CLIMATE CHANGE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08542. RI Broccoli, Anthony/D-9186-2014 OI Broccoli, Anthony/0000-0003-2619-1434 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 4 EP FUEL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31201472 ER PT J AU NICOL, JM UDOVIC, TJ CAVANAGH, RR AF NICOL, JM UDOVIC, TJ CAVANAGH, RR TI SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF CATALYSTS BY NEUTRON-SCATTERING METHODS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 13 EP COLL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31201053 ER PT J AU FORNEY, D THOMPSON, WE JACOX, ME AF FORNEY, D THOMPSON, WE JACOX, ME TI THE PHOTOISOMERIZATION OF HCN+ AND HNC+ TRAPPED IN SOLID NEON SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 25 EP PHYS PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ313 UT WOS:A1992JJ31300694 ER PT J AU PAULSON, AJ GENDRON, JF CURL, HC AF PAULSON, AJ GENDRON, JF CURL, HC TI PARTITIONING OF CU IN MARINE SURFACE WATERS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98115. NOAA,HAZARDOUS MAT RESPONSE BRANCH,SEATTLE,WA 98115. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 27 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31201628 ER PT J AU PRATT, KW AF PRATT, KW TI EVALUATION OF SYSTEMATIC-ERRORS IN COULOMETRIC ACIDIMETRY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 28 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200429 ER PT J AU BEREZANSKY, PA WU, YC FENG, DM KOCH, WF AF BEREZANSKY, PA WU, YC FENG, DM KOCH, WF TI 2ND-DISSOCIATION CONSTANT OF N-(2-HYDROXYETHYL) PIPERAZINE-N'-(2 HYDROXYPROPANESULFONIC ACID) AND PH OF ITS BUFFER SOLUTIONS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 29 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200430 ER PT J AU GLAZIER, SA GAIGALAS, A REIPA, V AF GLAZIER, SA GAIGALAS, A REIPA, V TI THE UTILIZATION OF NONLINEAR OPTICAL-PROPERTIES OF ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS FOR ANION DETECTION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 35 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200436 ER PT J AU GLAZIER, SA MCCURLEY, MF AF GLAZIER, SA MCCURLEY, MF TI DUAL ANALYTE FIBER OPTIC IMMUNOSENSORS EMPLOYING ANTIBODY FRAGMENTS LABELED WITH ENVIRONMENT SENSITIVE DYES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 36 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200437 ER PT J AU NGUYEN, T HUBBARD, JB POMMERSHEIM, J AF NGUYEN, T HUBBARD, JB POMMERSHEIM, J TI MATHEMATICAL-MODELS FOR THE DEGRADATION OF INTACT COATINGS ON STEEL IN ELECTROLYTES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 36 EP PMSE PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ313 UT WOS:A1992JJ31300989 ER PT J AU WU, YC FENG, DM KOCH, WF AF WU, YC FENG, DM KOCH, WF TI A NEW CELL FOR DC-ABSOLUTE DETERMINATION OF ELECTROLYTIC CONDUCTIVITY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 38 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200439 ER PT J AU ABRAMOWITZ, S REIPA, V GAIGALAS, A AF ABRAMOWITZ, S REIPA, V GAIGALAS, A TI INFLUENCE OF THE ELECTRIC-FIELD ON THE TYROSINE VIBRATIONAL-MODES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 39 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200440 ER PT J AU VOCKE, RD MURPHY, KE PAULSEN, PJ FASSETT, JD AF VOCKE, RD MURPHY, KE PAULSEN, PJ FASSETT, JD TI CERTIFICATION OF PB IN BLOOD USING ISOTOPE-DILUTION INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 50 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200449 ER PT J AU BECK, CM BUTLER, TA SMELLER, JM AF BECK, CM BUTLER, TA SMELLER, JM TI CLASSICAL-ANALYSIS IN THE PREPARATION AND CERTIFICATION OF SINGLE-ELEMENT STANDARD SOLUTIONS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 57 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200456 ER PT J AU SMELLER, JM BECK, CM AF SMELLER, JM BECK, CM TI COMPARISON OF SAMPLE PREPARATION METHODS FOR THE COLORIMETRIC DETERMINATION OF PHOSPHORUS IN SOILS AND COAL FLY-ASH SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 60 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200459 ER PT J AU SCHANTZ, MM KOSTER, BJ WISE, SA BECKER, PR LILLESTOLEN, TI AF SCHANTZ, MM KOSTER, BJ WISE, SA BECKER, PR LILLESTOLEN, TI TI ORGANIC-ANALYSIS OF MARINE MAMMAL TISSUE SPECIMENS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NOAA,OFF PROTECTED RESOURCES,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 62 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200461 ER PT J AU NGUYEN, T BYRD, WE BENTZ, DP AF NGUYEN, T BYRD, WE BENTZ, DP TI INSITU MEASUREMENT OF WATER AT THE ASPHALT SILICEOUS AGGREGATE INTERFACE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 67 EP FUEL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31201531 ER PT J AU SANDER, LC WISE, SA AF SANDER, LC WISE, SA TI SHAPE-RECOGNITION IN LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ORGAN ANALYT RES,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 71 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200470 ER PT J AU STROSCIO, JA AF STROSCIO, JA TI METAL ON METAL GROWTH STUDIED BY STM AND RHEED SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 73 EP PHYS PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ313 UT WOS:A1992JJ31300742 ER PT J AU TARLOV, MJ NEWMAN, JG AF TARLOV, MJ NEWMAN, JG TI STATIC SECONDARY ION MASS-SPECTROMETRY OF SELF-ASSEMBLED ALKYL THIOL MONOLAYERS ON GOLD SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EVANS CENT,MINNETONKA,MN 55345. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV PROC MEASUREMENTS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 76 EP COLL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31201116 ER PT J AU SCHWARTZ, LH AF SCHWARTZ, LH TI UNIVERSITY INDUSTRY INTERACTIONS AT THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 81 EP PETR PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ313 UT WOS:A1992JJ31300646 ER PT J AU CHANG, SS AF CHANG, SS TI GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE OF VINYL ESTER RESIN STYRENE MIXTURE AS A FUNCTION OF COMPOSITION AND CURING HISTORY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 86 EP POLY PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ313 UT WOS:A1992JJ31301298 ER PT J AU LI, XS PARUNGO, F NAGAMOTO, C AF LI, XS PARUNGO, F NAGAMOTO, C TI THE DIMETHYL SULFIDE CYCLE IN THE MARINE ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER NEAR THE EQUATOR SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CHINESE ACAD NETEOROL SCI,BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA. NOAA,ERL,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 86 EP PETR PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ313 UT WOS:A1992JJ31300651 ER PT J AU HEILWEIL, EJ ANGEL, SA BECKERLE, JD CAVANAGH, RR DOUGHERTY, TP GERMER, TA STEPHENSON, JC AF HEILWEIL, EJ ANGEL, SA BECKERLE, JD CAVANAGH, RR DOUGHERTY, TP GERMER, TA STEPHENSON, JC TI TRANSIENT INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY OF MOLECULE ADSORBATE VIBRATIONAL DYNAMICS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 87 EP PHYS PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ313 UT WOS:A1992JJ31300756 ER PT J AU SATIJA, SK AF SATIJA, SK TI THE CONCENTRATION PROFILE OF TERMINALLY ABSORBED POLYMERS NEAR A SOLID-SOLUTION INTERFACE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 88 EP PMSE PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ313 UT WOS:A1992JJ31301041 ER PT J AU MAYES, AM RUSSELL, TP TONEY, MF SMITH, S SATIJA, SK MAJKRZAK, CF AF MAYES, AM RUSSELL, TP TONEY, MF SMITH, S SATIJA, SK MAJKRZAK, CF TI CHAIN END AND JUNCTION POINT-DISTRIBUTIONS IN LAMELLAR MICRODOMAINS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. PROCTER & GAMBLE CO,CINCINNATI,OH 45239. IBM CORP,ALMADEN RES CTR,SAN JOSE,CA 95120. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 89 EP PMSE PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ313 UT WOS:A1992JJ31301042 ER PT J AU BIRKS, JW AF BIRKS, JW TI FUTURE ACTIONS COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATIONS OF CHEMRAWN-VII SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. RI Birks, John/H-7451-2013 OI Birks, John/0000-0003-1691-1354 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 92 EP PETR PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ313 UT WOS:A1992JJ31300657 ER PT J AU KARIM, A SINGH, N SIKKA, M BATES, FS DOZIER, W FELCHER, GP SATIJA, SK MAJKRZAK, CF AF KARIM, A SINGH, N SIKKA, M BATES, FS DOZIER, W FELCHER, GP SATIJA, SK MAJKRZAK, CF TI ORDERING IN POLYOLEFIN BLOCK COPOLYMER THIN-FILMS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT CHEM ENGN,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 92 EP PMSE PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ313 UT WOS:A1992JJ31301045 ER PT J AU SAINI, RD ZHANG, Z KURYLO, MJ HUIE, RE AF SAINI, RD ZHANG, Z KURYLO, MJ HUIE, RE TI A TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT KINETIC-STUDY OF THE REACTIONS OF OH RADICAL WITH CH3BR, CHF2CF2CF2CHF2 AND CF3CHFCHFCF2CF3 SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 95 EP PETR PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ313 UT WOS:A1992JJ31300660 ER PT J AU WINK, DA NIMS, RW SAAVEDRA, JE DESROSIERS, MF FORD, PC AF WINK, DA NIMS, RW SAAVEDRA, JE DESROSIERS, MF FORD, PC TI THE OXIDATION OF ALKYLNITROSAMINES VIA THE FENTON REAGENT - THE USE OF NITROSAMINES TO PROBE OXIDATIVE INTERMEDIATES IN THE FENTON REACTION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NCI,FREDERICK,MD 21702. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,SANTA BARBARA,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 95 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200095 ER PT J AU KELLY, WR ONDOV, JM LIN, ZC AF KELLY, WR ONDOV, JM LIN, ZC TI ENRICHED ISOTOPES AS AEROSOL TRACERS .1. SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF SM-149 AND SM-150 IN PARTICULATES BY THERMAL IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM,COLL PK,MD 20742. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 99 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31201381 ER PT J AU LIN, ZC ONDOV, JM KELLY, WR AF LIN, ZC ONDOV, JM KELLY, WR TI ENRICHED ISOTOPES AS AEROSOL TRACERS .2. DEFINITIVE APPORTIONMENT OF COAL-FIRED POWER-PLANT, DIESEL, AND OIL FURNACE EMISSIONS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM,COLL PK,MD 20742. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 100 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31201382 ER PT J AU HUIE, RE CLIFTON, CL ALTSTEIN, N QUELLETTE, PA AF HUIE, RE CLIFTON, CL ALTSTEIN, N QUELLETTE, PA TI RATE CONSTANTS FOR THE REACTIONS OF .02- AND HO2. WITH HSO3-, SO32-,AND .SO5- SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 101 EP PETR PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ313 UT WOS:A1992JJ31300666 ER PT J AU LIN, ZC ONDOV, JM KELLY, WR AF LIN, ZC ONDOV, JM KELLY, WR TI DEFINITIVE SOURCE APPORTIONMENT WITH ENRICHED STABLE RARE-EARTH ISOTOPIC TRACERS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CTR ANALYT CHEM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,COLL PK,MD 20742. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 101 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31201383 ER PT J AU SIEVERS, RE DUNHAM, AJ RYERSON, TB BARKLEY, RM AF SIEVERS, RE DUNHAM, AJ RYERSON, TB BARKLEY, RM TI SELECTIVE CHEMILUMINESCENCE DETECTORS FOR MEASUREMENT OF NITROGEN-CONTAINING AND SULFUR-CONTAINING-COMPOUNDS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 105 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200504 ER PT J AU BIRKS, JW GROMPING, A HADD, A AF BIRKS, JW GROMPING, A HADD, A TI CHEMILUMINESCENCE APPROACHES TO DETECTION IN DNA SEQUENCING STRATEGIES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RI Birks, John/H-7451-2013 OI Birks, John/0000-0003-1691-1354 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 109 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200508 ER PT J AU CHU, P BUNTIN, S RICHTER, L KING, D CAVANAGH, R AF CHU, P BUNTIN, S RICHTER, L KING, D CAVANAGH, R TI STATE-RESOLVED PHOTOFRAGMENTATION DYNAMICS OF MO(CO)6/SI(111) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 113 EP PHYS PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ313 UT WOS:A1992JJ31300782 ER PT J AU NODA, I MATSUSHITA, Y HAN, CC AF NODA, I MATSUSHITA, Y HAN, CC TI CHAIN CONFORMATION OF BLOCK COPOLYMERS IN LAMELLAR STRUCTURES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NAGOYA UNIV,DEPT APPL CHEM,CHIKUSA KU,NAGOYA 46401,JAPAN. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 114 EP PMSE PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ313 UT WOS:A1992JJ31301067 ER PT J AU WANNINKHOF, R THONING, K AF WANNINKHOF, R THONING, K TI SURFACE-WATER PCO2 MEASUREMENTS USING CONTINUOUS AND DISCRETE SAMPLING METHODS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LABS,MIAMI,FL 33149. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 114 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31201714 ER PT J AU ZHANG, JZ MILLERO, FJ WANNINKHOF, R AF ZHANG, JZ MILLERO, FJ WANNINKHOF, R TI THE CARBONATE SYSTEM IN THE SOUTH-ATLANTIC SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MIAMI,ROSENSTIEL SCH MARINE & ATMOSPHER SCI,MIAMI,FL 33149. NOAA,MIAMI,FL 33149. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 119 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31201719 ER PT J AU MILLERO, FJ WANNINKHOF, R FEELY, R MURPHY, P BYRNE, R CLAYTON, T AF MILLERO, FJ WANNINKHOF, R FEELY, R MURPHY, P BYRNE, R CLAYTON, T TI THE THERMODYNAMICS OF THE CARBONATE SYSTEM IN THE EQUATORIAL PACIFIC SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MIAMI,ROSENSTIEL SCH MARINE & ATMOSPHER SCI,MIAMI,FL 33149. ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,MIAMI,FL. PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,SEATTLE,WA. UNIV S FLORIDA,TAMPA,FL 33620. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 120 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31201720 ER PT J AU OCONNOR, TP AF OCONNOR, TP TI RECENT TRENDS IN CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION IN THE COASTAL UNITED-STATES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NOAA,NATL STATUS & TRENDS PROGRAM,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 123 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31201405 ER PT J AU CANTILLO, AY LAUENSTEIN, GG AF CANTILLO, AY LAUENSTEIN, GG TI NOAA QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM FOR MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL MEASUREMENTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NOAA,NATL STATUS & TRENDS PROGRAM,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 124 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31201406 ER PT J AU DOUGHERTY, TP HEILWEIL, EJ AF DOUGHERTY, TP HEILWEIL, EJ TI DUAL TRACK PICOSECOND INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY OF METAL-CARBONYL PHOTOCHEMISTRY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 125 EP PHYS PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ313 UT WOS:A1992JJ31300794 ER PT J AU LAUENSTEIN, GG DOLVIN, SS AF LAUENSTEIN, GG DOLVIN, SS TI OVERVIEW OF NOAAS NATIONAL STATUS AND TRENDS PROGRAM SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NOAA,NATL STATUS & TRENDS PROGRAM,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 125 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31201407 ER PT J AU CANTILLO, AY DOLVIN, SS LAUESTEIN, GG OCONNOR, TP AF CANTILLO, AY DOLVIN, SS LAUESTEIN, GG OCONNOR, TP TI DISTRIBUTION OF SEDIMENT CONTAMINANTS IN THE COASTAL UNITED-STATES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NOAA,NOS,ORCA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 126 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31201408 ER PT J AU HAMMOUDA, B AF HAMMOUDA, B TI SANS FROM HOMOGENEOUS POLYMER MIXTURES - AN RPA APPROACH SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 170 EP PMSE PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ313 UT WOS:A1992JJ31301123 ER PT J AU NAKATANI, AI BAN, YB HAN, CC AF NAKATANI, AI BAN, YB HAN, CC TI PHASE-BEHAVIOR OF AN OFF-CRITICAL POLYMER BLEND SOLUTION DURING STEADY SHEAR STUDIED BY SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 173 EP PMSE PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ313 UT WOS:A1992JJ31301126 ER PT J AU HAIR, DW HOBBIE, EK DOUGLAS, JF HAN, CC AF HAIR, DW HOBBIE, EK DOUGLAS, JF HAN, CC TI EFFECT OF SHEAR ON THE CRITICAL PROPERTIES OF AN ASYMMETRIC BINARY POLYMER BLEND SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Hobbie, Erik/C-8269-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 175 EP PMSE PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ313 UT WOS:A1992JJ31301128 ER PT J AU YOON, H FENG, Y QIU, Y HAN, CC AF YOON, H FENG, Y QIU, Y HAN, CC TI COMPETITION OF PHASE-SEPARATION AND TRANSESTERIFICATION IN D-POLYCARBONATE CO-POLYESTER BLENDS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV CONNECTICUT,INST MAT SCI,STORRS,CT 06268. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 176 EP PMSE PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ313 UT WOS:A1992JJ31301129 ER PT J AU SAUDER, DG STEPHENSON, JC KING, DS CASASSA, MP AF SAUDER, DG STEPHENSON, JC KING, DS CASASSA, MP TI NASCENT PRODUCT STATES IN THE O(1D)+H2O REACTION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 180 EP PHYS PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ313 UT WOS:A1992JJ31300849 ER PT J AU SCHMOLTNER, AM MELLOUKI, A TALUKDAR, RK GIERCZAK, T RAVISHANKARA, AR AF SCHMOLTNER, AM MELLOUKI, A TALUKDAR, RK GIERCZAK, T RAVISHANKARA, AR TI RATE COEFFICIENTS FOR THE OH+CH3BR, CH2BR2, AND CHBR3 REACTIONS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RI Mellouki, Abdelwahid/H-5219-2011 OI Mellouki, Abdelwahid/0000-0002-6594-5262 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 182 EP PHYS PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ313 UT WOS:A1992JJ31300851 ER PT J AU DEREGGI, AS SCHEN, MA DAVIS, GT DICKENS, B LIANG, Z AF DEREGGI, AS SCHEN, MA DAVIS, GT DICKENS, B LIANG, Z TI POLARIZATION DISTRIBUTION IN POLYMER-BASED ELECTROACTIVE SYSTEMS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD. CHENGDU UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,CHENGDU,PEOPLES R CHINA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 196 EP POLY PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ313 UT WOS:A1992JJ31301394 ER PT J AU DADMUN, MD MUTHUKUMAR, M HAN, CC HEMPELMANN, R SCHWAHN, D SPRINGER, T AF DADMUN, MD MUTHUKUMAR, M HAN, CC HEMPELMANN, R SCHWAHN, D SPRINGER, T TI PHASE-TRANSITIONS OF LYOTROPIC LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE POLYMERS AS STUDIED BY NEUTRON-SCATTERING SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. IFF KERNFORSCHANLAGE,W-5170 JULICH,GERMANY. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT POLYMER SCI & ENGN,AMHERST,MA 01003. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 199 EP PMSE PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ313 UT WOS:A1992JJ31301152 ER PT J AU BAUER, BJ BRIBER, RM HAMMOUDA, B AF BAUER, BJ BRIBER, RM HAMMOUDA, B TI SANS FROM SOLUTIONS OF DENDRIMER MOLECULES - SINGLE-PARTICLE PROPERTIES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. MICHIGAN MACROMOLEC INST,MIDLAND,MI 48640. RI Briber, Robert/A-3588-2012 OI Briber, Robert/0000-0002-8358-5942 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 224 EP PMSE PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ313 UT WOS:A1992JJ31301177 ER PT J AU BRIBER, RM BAUER, BJ HAMMOUDA, B TOMALIA, D AF BRIBER, RM BAUER, BJ HAMMOUDA, B TOMALIA, D TI SANS FROM SOLUTIONS OF DENDRIMER MOLECULES - INTERMOLECULAR INTERACTIONS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT MAT & NUCL ENGN,COLL PK,MD 20742. MICHIGAN MACROMOLEC INST,MIDLAND,MI 48640. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Briber, Robert/A-3588-2012 OI Briber, Robert/0000-0002-8358-5942 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 225 EP PMSE PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ313 UT WOS:A1992JJ31301178 ER PT J AU PETERSON, KI SUENRAM, RD LOVAS, FJ AF PETERSON, KI SUENRAM, RD LOVAS, FJ TI MICROWAVE-SPECTRA OF THE TRIMER COMPLEXES, CO2-H2O-H2O AND CO-H2O-H2O SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV RHODE ISL,DEPT CHEM,KINGSTON,RI 02881. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 226 EP PHYS PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ313 UT WOS:A1992JJ31300895 ER PT J AU WU, WL JONG, L AF WU, WL JONG, L TI LINEAR-CHAINS IN NETWORKS - A SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING STUDY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. POLYTECH INST NEW YORK,POLYMER RES INST,BROOKLYN,NY 11201. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 228 EP PMSE PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ313 UT WOS:A1992JJ31301181 ER PT J AU CRISSMAN, JM MCKENNA, GB AF CRISSMAN, JM MCKENNA, GB TI THE ANOMALOUS SWELLING OF CROSS-LINKED NETWORKS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI McKenna, Gregory/O-1134-2013 OI McKenna, Gregory/0000-0002-5676-9930 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 254 EP PMSE PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ313 UT WOS:A1992JJ31301207 ER PT J AU LETERRIER, Y SANTORE, MM MCKENNA, GB AF LETERRIER, Y SANTORE, MM MCKENNA, GB TI INVESTIGATION OF AGING TIME SCALES IN A MODEL EPOXY NETWORK SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Leterrier, Yves/I-7398-2013; McKenna, Gregory/O-1134-2013 OI McKenna, Gregory/0000-0002-5676-9930 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 255 EP PMSE PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ313 UT WOS:A1992JJ31301208 ER PT J AU CODE, JE SCHUMACHER, GE ANTONUCCI, JM AF CODE, JE SCHUMACHER, GE ANTONUCCI, JM TI ASCORBIC-ACID AS AN ETCHANT CONDITIONER FOR RESIN BONDING TO DENTIN SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIH,CODC,CTR CLIN,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIST,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 278 EP POLY PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ313 UT WOS:A1992JJ31301474 ER PT J AU STANSBURY, JW AF STANSBURY, JW TI RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION OF A METHACRYLATE-SUBSTITUTED SPIRO ORTHOCARBONATE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 306 EP POLY PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ313 UT WOS:A1992JJ31301502 ER PT J AU REED, B STANSBURY, J ANTONUCCI, J AF REED, B STANSBURY, J ANTONUCCI, J TI RING-OPENING DENTAL RESIN SYSTEMS BASED ON CYCLIC ACETALS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 AMER DENT ASSOC HLTH FDN,PAFFENBARGER RES CTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 307 EP POLY PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ313 UT WOS:A1992JJ31301503 ER PT J AU ANTONUCCI, JM STANSBURY, JW CHENG, GW AF ANTONUCCI, JM STANSBURY, JW CHENG, GW TI NOVEL HYDROPHILIC AND HYDROPHOBIC ACRYLIC-MONOMERS AND OLIGOMERS FOR DENTAL AND MEDICAL APPLICATIONS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. W CHINA UNIV MED SCI,CHENGDU,PEOPLES R CHINA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 308 EP POLY PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ313 UT WOS:A1992JJ31301504 ER PT J AU KEENY, SM ANTONUCCI, JM WANG, FW TESK, JA AF KEENY, SM ANTONUCCI, JM WANG, FW TESK, JA TI FLUORESCENT CURE MONITORING OF DENTAL RESINS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 309 EP POLY PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ313 UT WOS:A1992JJ31301505 ER PT J AU YAJIMA, H HAIR, DW NAKATANI, AI HAN, CC AF YAJIMA, H HAIR, DW NAKATANI, AI HAN, CC TI DYNAMIC CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR OF AN ASYMMETRIC POLYMER BLEND IN SOLUTION BY DYNAMIC LIGHT-SCATTERING SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMER,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 333 EP POLY PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ313 UT WOS:A1992JJ31301529 ER PT J AU RAVI, P MURAD, S HANLEY, HJM EVANS, DJ AF RAVI, P MURAD, S HANLEY, HJM EVANS, DJ TI THE THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY COEFFICIENT OF POLYATOMIC-MOLECULES - BENZENE SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11TH SYMP ON THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES CY JUN 23-27, 1991 CL UNIV COLORADO BOULDER, BOULDER, CO SP AMER SOC MECH ENGINEERS, HEAT TRANSFER DIV, NIST HO UNIV COLORADO BOULDER DE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY; NONEQUILIBRIUM MOLECULAR DYNAMICS; INTERNAL DEGREES OF FREEDOM; ATOM-ATOM LENNARD-JONES POTENTIAL; BENZENE AB The thermal conductivity of a rigid benzene-like model fluid is evaluated using the nonequilibrium molecular dynamics algorithm of Evans, and Evans and Murad. The contribution to the conductivity from rotational degrees of freedom is shown to be significant and density dependent. These contributions are contrasted with those of a homonuclear diatomic fluid, investigated previously. The results are compared with the conductivity of benzene evaluated along the critical isochore by the semi empirical routine Supertrapp (STRAPP). The enhancement of the conductivity near the critical point is not discussed. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. AUSTRALIAN NATL UNIV,RES SCH CHEM,CANBERRA,ACT 2604,AUSTRALIA. RP RAVI, P (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT CHEM ENGN,CHICAGO,IL 60680, USA. RI Murad, Sohail /B-3311-2009; Evans, Denis/C-1653-2009 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD AUG 21 PY 1992 VL 76 BP 249 EP 257 DI 10.1016/0378-3812(92)85092-M PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA JN285 UT WOS:A1992JN28500021 ER PT J AU ELY, JF HANLEY, HJM AF ELY, JF HANLEY, HJM TI SPECIAL ISSUE .2. PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH SYMPOSIUM ON THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES UNIVERSITY-OF-COLORADO, BOULDER, COLORADO, USA 23-27 JUNE, 1991 - PREFACE SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP ELY, JF (reprint author), COLORADO SCH MINES,DEPT CHEM ENGN & PETR REFINING,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD AUG 21 PY 1992 VL 76 BP R9 EP R9 DI 10.1016/0378-3812(92)85072-G PG 1 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA JN285 UT WOS:A1992JN28500001 ER PT J AU BURKHART, GR LOPEZ, RE DUSENBERY, PB SPEISER, TW AF BURKHART, GR LOPEZ, RE DUSENBERY, PB SPEISER, TW TI OBSERVATIONAL SUPPORT FOR THE CURRENT SHEET CATASTROPHE MODEL OF SUBSTORM CURRENT DISRUPTION SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; NEUTRAL SHEET; GROWTH-PHASE; MAGNETOTAIL; PLASMA AB It has recently been found that a one-dimensional current sheet equilibrium with a non-zero convection electric field, E(y), and a non-zero normal magnetic field component, B(n), can reach a point of catastrophe through either the reduction of the drift velocity, v(D) = cE(y)/B(n) or the increase of B(n). This point of catastrophe coincides with a value of kappa(A) congruent-to 0.7, where kappa(A) is the self-consistent value of kappa = (R(min)/rho(A max))1/2 corresponding to ions of average energy. (Here R(min) is the minimum field-line radius of curvature and rho(A max) is the maximum gyroradius for ions of average energy.) The point of catastrophe was found to be preceded by a twisting of the current sheet field-lines into the dawnward direction, i.e. by the development of a y-component of B, with odd symmetry in z, and a sign opposite B(x), where positive x is earthward, positive y is in the dawn-to-dusk direction and positive z is northward. Since the loss of the current sheet would cause the local configuration to become more dipolar, it was suggested that the catastrophic loss of the local current sheet equilibrium could correspond to local current disruption and dipolarization. In this paper, observations of some of the signatures predicted by theory are presented. C1 NOAA,SPACE ENVIRONM LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP BURKHART, GR (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,DEPT ASTROPHYS PLANETRY & ATMOSPHER SCI,CAMPUS BOX 391,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. OI Lopez, Ramon/0000-0001-5881-1365 NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 21 PY 1992 VL 19 IS 16 BP 1635 EP 1638 DI 10.1029/92GL01615 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA JL393 UT WOS:A1992JL39300003 ER PT J AU STABENO, PJ REED, RK AF STABENO, PJ REED, RK TI A MAJOR CIRCULATION ANOMALY IN THE WESTERN BERING SEA SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC; FLOW AB The Alaskan Stream ceased to flow northward into the western Bering Sea, starting in summer 1990. This unexpected lack of inflow, caused by a southward shift in the path of the Alaskan Stream, persisted through at least fall 1991. If the anomalous flow continues, substantial changes in the physical environment will occur, possibly leading to impacts on the rich fisheries stocks in the region. RP STABENO, PJ (reprint author), NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 18 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 21 PY 1992 VL 19 IS 16 BP 1671 EP 1674 DI 10.1029/92GL01688 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA JL393 UT WOS:A1992JL39300012 ER PT J AU GULDI, DM NETA, P HAMBRIGHT, P AF GULDI, DM NETA, P HAMBRIGHT, P TI REACTION OF ALKYL RADICALS WITH CHROMIUM PORPHYRINS SO JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY-FARADAY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-TRANSFER-REACTIONS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; OXIDATIVE HOMOLYSIS; PULSE-RADIOLYSIS; CARBON BOND; (ALPHA-HYDROXYALKYL)CHROMIUM(III) COMPLEXES; ORGANOCHROMIUM MACROCYCLES; METHYL RADICALS; REDOX REACTIONS; RATE CONSTANTS AB The reactions of chromium(III) and chromium(II) mesoporphyrin-IX (MSP) with methyl and several substituted alkyl radicals (R) in aqueous solutions have been studied by radiolysis techniques. Transient spectra and kinetics were obtained by pulse radiolysis and stable products were determined after gamma-radiolysis. The alkyl radicals were produced in solutions containing Cr(III)MSP under two different conditions: (a) where the radicals are allowed to react directly with Cr(III)MSP, and (b) where the porphyrin is reduced to Cr(II)MSP during production of the radicals, which subsequently react with the reduced porphyrin. We find that both Cr(II)MSP and Cr(III)MSP react rapidly with carbon-centred radicals to form relatively stable Cr-C bonds. The products of these reactions are formulated as R-Cr(III)MSP and R-Cr(IV)MSP, respectively. Whereas Cr(II)MSP is oxidized by O2 very rapidly to Cr(III)MSP, R-Cr(III)MSP is oxidized more slowly (t1/2 almost-equal-to 30-60 min) to give the same product, Cr(III)MSP, and R-Cr(IV)MSP is oxidized very slowly (t1/2 of several h) to give a product oxidized on the porphyrin ring. The observed stability of R-Cr(IV)MSP is in contrast with the reported very short lifetime of other R-Cr(IV) species. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. HOWARD UNIV,DEPT CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20059. RI Guldi, Dirk/G-1422-2015 NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4WF SN 0956-5000 J9 J CHEM SOC FARADAY T JI J. Chem. Soc.-Faraday Trans. PD AUG 21 PY 1992 VL 88 IS 16 BP 2337 EP 2342 DI 10.1039/ft9928802337 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA JH994 UT WOS:A1992JH99400005 ER PT J AU JUNTTILA, ML PINE, AS AF JUNTTILA, ML PINE, AS TI POLARIZATION-STABILIZED 1.15-MU-M AND 3.39-MU-M HE-NE LASERS SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE INFRARED HE-NE LASERS; POLARIZATION STABILIZATION ID CO2 AB Two methods for polarization stabilization of an internal-mirror 3.39-mu-m He-Ne laser are reported. The first relies on a concurrently lasing 1.15-mu-m transition by fixing the relative amplitude of two orthogonally polarized longitudinal modes that are split by a Rochon prism and detected with separate Si photodiodes. In the second method, two spatially separated orthogonally polarized adjacent 3.39-mu-m modes are optically balanced, differentially chopped, and recombined on a single InSb photodiode for phase-sensitive detection. The dual-wavelength scheme has been tested by beating against a methane-stabilized 3.39-mu-m He-Ne laser, which yields maximum excursions of < 0.5 MHz over several hours and comparable reproducibility. The polarization-stabilized He-Ne laser has been used as a reference for a tunable color-center laser molecular-beam optothermal spectrometer and provides a precision of better than 2 MHz. C1 HELSINKI UNIV TECHNOL,METROL RES INST,SF-02150 ESPOO 15,FINLAND. RP JUNTTILA, ML (reprint author), NIST,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 20 PY 1992 VL 31 IS 24 BP 5034 EP 5037 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA JJ472 UT WOS:A1992JJ47200030 PM 20733669 ER PT J AU PHILLIPS, AC CONTI, PS AF PHILLIPS, AC CONTI, PS TI DETECTION OF WC9 STARS IN NGC-1365 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE GALAXIES, STELLAR CONTENT; STARS, WOLF-RAYET ID WOLF-RAYET STARS; LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD; OPTICAL SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; MASSIVE STARS; GALAXIES; EVOLUTION; POPULATIONS; SUBCLASS AB We report the discovery of a broad emission feature at 5696 angstrom in a giant extragalactic H II region in the barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365, identified with a C III emission line seen in some Wolf-Rayet stars. The absence of comparable C IV emission in 5808 angstrom implies the observed feature is from stars of WC9 subtype. This constitutes the first unequivocal detection of WC9 stars in a giant H II region and the first example of these stars outside our Galaxy. Their presence in the high-abundance environment of NGC 1365 supports the notion that late WC-type progenitors form only in " metal-rich " circumstances. C1 UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP PHILLIPS, AC (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT ASTRON,FM-20,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 1992 VL 395 IS 2 BP L91 EP L93 DI 10.1086/186495 PN 2 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA JH629 UT WOS:A1992JH62900009 ER PT J AU BOER, GJ ARPE, K BLACKBURN, M DEQUE, M GATES, WL HART, TL LETREUT, H ROECKNER, E SHEININ, DA SIMMONDS, I SMITH, RNB TOKIOKA, T WETHERALD, RT WILLIAMSON, D AF BOER, GJ ARPE, K BLACKBURN, M DEQUE, M GATES, WL HART, TL LETREUT, H ROECKNER, E SHEININ, DA SIMMONDS, I SMITH, RNB TOKIOKA, T WETHERALD, RT WILLIAMSON, D TI SOME RESULTS FROM AN INTERCOMPARISON OF THE CLIMATES SIMULATED BY 14 ATMOSPHERIC GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL PARAMETERIZATIONS; FEEDBACK PROCESSES; ECMWF; JANUARY; PERFORMANCE; IMPACT AB Some climatological information from 14 atmospheric general circulation models is presented and compared in order to assess the ability of a broad group of models to simulate current climate. The quantities considered are cross sections of temperature, zonal wind, and meridional stream function together with latitudinal distributions of mean sea level pressure and precipitation rate. The nature of the deficiencies in the simulated climates that are common to all models and those which differ among models is investigated; the general improvement in the ability of models to simulate certain aspects of the climate is shown; consideration is given to the effect of increasing resolution on simulated climate; and approaches to understanding and reducing model deficiencies are discussed. The information presented here is a subset of a more voluminous compilation which is available in report form (Boer et al., 1991). This report contains essentially the same text, but results from all 14 models are presented together with additional results in the form of geographical distributions of surface variables and certain difference statistics. C1 METEOROL OFF,BRACKNELL RG12 2SZ,BERKS,ENGLAND. METEOROL RES INST,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 305,JAPAN. PRINCETON UNIV,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08542. NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,BOULDER,CO 80303. MAIN GEOPHYS OBSERV,ST PETERSBURG 193018,USSR. UNIV MELBOURNE,DEPT METEOROL,PARKVILLE,VIC 3052,AUSTRALIA. MAX PLANCK INST METEOROL,W-2000 HAMBURG 13,GERMANY. UNIV READING,DEPT METEOROL,READING RG6 2AU,ENGLAND. CTR NATL RECH METEOROL,METRO FRANCE,F-31057 TOULOUSE,FRANCE. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. BUR METEOROL,RES CTR,MELBOURNE,VIC 3001,AUSTRALIA. ECOLE NORM SUPER,METEOROL DYNAM LAB,CNRS,F-75231 PARIS 05,FRANCE. RP BOER, GJ (reprint author), CANADIAN CLIMATE CTR,4905 DUFFERIN ST,DOLINSVIEW M3H 5T4,ONTARIO,CANADA. NR 43 TC 136 Z9 137 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 20 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D12 BP 12771 EP 12786 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JL282 UT WOS:A1992JL28200001 ER PT J AU ROSEN, JM BODHAINE, BA BOATMAN, JF DELUISI, JJ POST, MJ KIM, Y SCHNELL, RC SHERIDAN, PJ GARVEY, DM AF ROSEN, JM BODHAINE, BA BOATMAN, JF DELUISI, JJ POST, MJ KIM, Y SCHNELL, RC SHERIDAN, PJ GARVEY, DM TI MEASURED AND CALCULATED OPTICAL PROPERTY PROFILES IN THE MIXED LAYER AND FREE TROPOSPHERE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SPECTROMETER PROBE; RESPONSE CHARACTERISTICS; AEROSOL; LIDAR; CALIBRATION; BACKSCATTER; INSTRUMENT AB Nearly simultaneous measurements of the physical and optical properties of mixed layer and free tropospheric aerosols near Boulder, Colorado, were made on several occasions using aircraft, balloon, and ground-based sensors. This effort (Front Range Lidar, Aircraft, and Balloon experiment (FRLAB)) was conducted with the purpose of obtaining a diverse, self-consistent data set that could be used for testing optical model calculations based on measured physical characteristics such as apparent size distribution, composition, and shape. It was found that even with the uncertainties involved, the model predictions are in good agreement with the measurements in the visible and near infrared wavelength regions. At CO2 lidar wavelengths there is considerably more uncertainty in both the calculated and measured values; however, within the estimated errors there appears to be satisfactory agreement except for the highest free tropospheric layer studied. The results also indicate that during FRLAB the aerosol in the boundary layer and free troposphere behaved as spherical particles for optical modeling purposes. The utility of the observations for determining the extinction-to-backscatter ratio relevant to aerosols in the boundary layer and free troposphere is described with typical measured values being in the 20 to 30 sr range. C1 UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80303. USA,ATMOSPHER SCI LAB,WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE,NM 88002. NOAA,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP ROSEN, JM (reprint author), UNIV WYOMING,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,LARAMIE,WY 82071, USA. NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 20 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D12 BP 12837 EP 12850 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JL282 UT WOS:A1992JL28200005 ER PT J AU LIPPS, FB HEMLER, RS AF LIPPS, FB HEMLER, RS TI ON THE DOWNWARD TRANSFER OF TRITIUM TO THE OCEAN BY A CLOUD MODEL SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CONVECTION AB Observational evidence analyzed by Eriksson [1965] and Weiss and Roether [1980] suggests that over the globe the ratio of tritium deposition into the ocean by vapor diffusion to that by rainfall should be near or slightly greater than two, while Koster et al. [1989] found in a general circulation model study that the diffusion to rainout ratio was closer to one. This study investigates the convective transport of tritium from the atmosphere to the ocean using a two-dimensional warm-rain cloud model. It is found that the deposition ratio is strongly dependent on the frequency and duration of rain events, with typical values for a monotonic tritium profile being about 1.0, but with values as low as 0.7 when long-duration events occur frequently and as high as 1.9 when convective events are short-lived and infrequent. On the basis of this study it appears that explicit treatment of convection in the general circulation model would not resolve the discrepancy in the deposition ratio between the model and the observations. It is also shown that the process of isotopic adjustment of tritium between the rain and the vapor phases is a key factor in determining the deposition ratio, since this process allows tritium to escape from the raindrops and ultimately diffuse to the surface. When tritium is "frozen" in the droplets, deposition ratios are reduced significantly. C1 PRINCETON UNIV, NOAA, GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB, POB 308, PRINCETON, NJ 08542 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 20 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D12 BP 12889 EP 12900 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JL282 UT WOS:A1992JL28200010 ER PT J AU KAWASAKI, ZI MAZUR, V AF KAWASAKI, ZI MAZUR, V TI COMMON PHYSICAL PROCESSES IN NATURAL AND TRIGGERED LIGHTNING IN WINTER STORMS IN JAPAN SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC-FIELD CHANGES; THUNDERSTORMS; DISCHARGES; AIRCRAFT AB An analysis of measurements of electric, magnetic, and radiation field variations produced by rocket-triggered discharges in winter storms in Japan shows that a discharge initiated by a rocket with trailing and grounded wire is a negative leader that consists of continuous current and a pulse series associated with streamer development at the tip. The negative leader is not followed by a process analogous to a return stroke in cloud-to-ground flashes. Application of the electrostatic model of lightning as a bidirectional and uncharged leader in an ambient electric field to analysis of rocket-initiated discharges and positive cloud-to-ground flashes uncovers the commonality of processes occurring in both types of discharges. C1 NOAA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB, NORMAN, OK 73069 USA. RP KAWASAKI, ZI (reprint author), OSAKA UNIV, FAC ENGN, DEPT ELECT ENGN, YAMADAOKA 2-1, SUITA, OSAKA 565, JAPAN. NR 26 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 20 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D12 BP 12935 EP 12945 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JL282 UT WOS:A1992JL28200014 ER PT J AU GARCIA, RR STORDAL, F SOLOMON, S KIEHL, JT AF GARCIA, RR STORDAL, F SOLOMON, S KIEHL, JT TI A NEW NUMERICAL-MODEL OF THE MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE .1. DYNAMICS AND TRANSPORT OF TROPOSPHERIC SOURCE GASES SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; ZONALLY AVERAGED CIRCULATION; TWO-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; SEMIANNUAL OSCILLATION; PLANETARY-WAVES; MEAN FLOW; BAROTROPIC INSTABILITY; NONGEOSTROPHIC THEORY; TRACER DISTRIBUTIONS; SEASONAL-VARIATION AB A new numerical model of the middle atmosphere is described. In addition to the equations governing the zonal mean state, the model includes a potential vorticity equation for a single planetary-scale by wave. Nonlinearity associated with large-amplitude waves is represented by means of the planetary wave breaking parameterization of Garcia [1991]. The formulation of the zonal mean problem differs from our earlier work in that the momentum equation is solved directly to facilitate the study of tropical dynamics. The model also includes an infrared radiative transfer code for the stratosphere and lower mesosphere, which replaces the Newtonian cooling parameterization used previously. It is shown that explicit computation of the planetary-scale wave field yields a more realistic representation of the zonal mean dynamics and the distribution of trace chemical species. In particular, wave breaking produces a well-mixed 'surf zone" equatorward of the polar night vortex and drives a meridional circulation with downwelling on the poleward side of the vortex. This combination of mixing and downwelling produces shallow meridional gradients of trace gases in the subtropics and middle latitudes, and very steep gradients at the edge of the polar vortex. Mixing ratios of trace gases of tropospheric origin are very low within the vortex in winter. Computed distributions of methane and nitrous oxide are shown to agree well with observations. C1 NOAA, AERON LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RP GARCIA, RR (reprint author), NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, POB 3000, BOULDER, CO 80307 USA. NR 74 TC 100 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 20 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D12 BP 12967 EP 12991 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JL282 UT WOS:A1992JL28200017 ER PT J AU POLLOCK, WH HEIDT, LE LUEB, RA VEDDER, JF MILLS, MJ SOLOMON, S AF POLLOCK, WH HEIDT, LE LUEB, RA VEDDER, JF MILLS, MJ SOLOMON, S TI ON THE AGE OF STRATOSPHERIC AIR AND OZONE DEPLETION POTENTIALS IN POLAR-REGIONS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID 72-DEGREES-S LATITUDE; INSITU OBSERVATIONS; ARCTIC VORTEX; 54-DEGREES-S; ATMOSPHERE; ANTARCTICA; WINTER; BRO AB Observations of the nearly inert, man-made chlorofluorocarbon CFC-1 15 obtained during January 1989 are used to infer the age of air in the lower stratosphere. These observations together with estimated release rates suggest an average age of high-latitude air at pressure altitudes near 17-21 km of about 3 to 5 years. This information is used together with direct measurements of HCFC-22, HCFC-142b, CH3Br, H-1301, H-1211, and H-2402 to examine the fractional dissociation of these species within the Arctic polar lower stratosphere compared to that of CFC-11 and hence to estimate their local ozone depletion potentials in this region. It is shown that these HCFCs are much less efficiently dissociated within the stratosphere than CFC-11, lowering their ozone depletion potentials to only about 30-40% of their chlorine loading potentials. In contrast, the observations of CH3Br and the Halons considered here confirm that they are rapidly dissociated within the stratosphere, with important implications for their ozone depletion potentials. C1 UNIV COLORADO, NOAA, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, AERON LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NASA, AMES RES CTR, MOFFETT FIELD, CA 94035 USA. RP POLLOCK, WH (reprint author), NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, BOULDER, CO 80307 USA. RI Mills, Michael/B-5068-2010 OI Mills, Michael/0000-0002-8054-1346 NR 20 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 20 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D12 BP 12993 EP 12999 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JL282 UT WOS:A1992JL28200018 ER PT J AU STURGES, WT COTA, GF BUCKLEY, PT AF STURGES, WT COTA, GF BUCKLEY, PT TI BROMOFORM EMISSION FROM ARCTIC ICE ALGAE SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID OZONE DESTRUCTION; ATMOSPHERE; BROMINE AB DESTRUCTION of surface ozone in the Arctic environment during the spring is thought to be caused by photochemical reactions involving bromine compounds1. Berg et al.2 reported a pulse of bromine particles and gases in the Arctic lower atmosphere in spring, which may be responsible for this surface ozone destruction and for which biogenic sources have been hypothesized1-3. Here we report laboratory and in situ measurements which indicate that Arctic ice microalgae emit significant quantities of bromoform (CHBr3), which may be converted photochemically into active forms of bromine. Our estimates of total annual bromoform release indicate that polar ice algae might contribute globally significant amounts of organic bromine compounds, comparable with anthropogenic and macrophyte sources. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,GRAD PROGRAM ECOL,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. RP STURGES, WT (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. RI Sturges, William/B-8248-2012 NR 11 TC 98 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 17 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 20 PY 1992 VL 358 IS 6388 BP 660 EP 662 DI 10.1038/358660a0 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JJ882 UT WOS:A1992JJ88200050 ER PT J AU FAHAY, MP AF FAHAY, MP TI DEVELOPMENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF CUSK EEL EGGS AND LARVAE IN THE MIDDLE ATLANTIC BIGHT WITH A DESCRIPTION OF OPHIDION-ROBINSI N-SP (TELEOSTEI, OPHIDIIDAE) SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID FISHES AB The Ophidiidae was the seventh most abundant family represented in ichthyo-plankton collections in the Middle Atlantic Bight from 1977 through 1987. Seven distinct larvae occurred: most abundant were Lepophidium profundorum, Ophidion marginatum and Ophidion robinsi n. sp., but O. selenops, O. holbrooki, O. welshi and Otophidium omostigmum were also collected. Examination of ontogenetic development of the three most abundant species and congeners in the Gulf of Mexico revealed differences between Lepophidium and Ophidion. In Lepophidium, vertebrae ossify from anterior to posterior, pectoral-fin rays form early, and cartilaginous epurals appear in larvae. In Ophidion, vertebrae form from both ends toward the middle, pectoral-fin rays form late, and there are no epurals. In both genera, the extreme anterior position of the pelvic-fin rays, and swim-bladder structures associated with sound production develop in stages older than pelagic larvae. Lepophidium profundorum larvae were primarily distributed over the outer half of the continental shelf, as far north as the southern flank of Georges Bank during summer. In the laboratory, O. marginatum spawned nightly for 2 mo, each female releasing a single mucilaginous sac containing a small batch of eggs. Larvae were distributed nearshore from Block Island Sound to Cape Hatteras during the summer. Larvae of O. robinsi, recognized by low numbers of meristic characters and distinct pigment and body proportions, occurred during spring and summer, and were common over midshelf depths between Cape Hatteras and the New York Bight. Meristic characters separate O. robinsi n. sp. from two other prominently spotted ophidiines, O. grayi and Otophidium omostigmum. RP FAHAY, MP (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES CTR,SANDY HOOK LAB,HIGHLANDS,NJ 07732, USA. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS BUSINESS OFFICE PI CARBONDALE PA SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIV, DEPT ZOOLOGY, CARBONDALE, IL 62901-6501 SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD AUG 18 PY 1992 IS 3 BP 799 EP 819 DI 10.2307/1446157 PG 21 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA JK201 UT WOS:A1992JK20100020 ER PT J AU SOKOL, PE MA, WJ HERWIG, KW SNOW, WM WANG, Y KOPLIK, J BANAVAR, JR AF SOKOL, PE MA, WJ HERWIG, KW SNOW, WM WANG, Y KOPLIK, J BANAVAR, JR TI FREEZING IN CONFINED GEOMETRIES SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULARLY THIN-FILMS; POROUS VYCOR GLASS; LIQUID-FILMS; FLUIDS; SHEAR; PORES; HE-4 AB Results of detailed structural studies, using elastic neutron scattering, of the freezing of liquid O2 and D2 in porous vycor glass are presented. The experimental studies have been complemented by computer simulations of the dynamics of freezing of a Lennard-Jones liquid in narrow channels bounded by molecular walls. Our results point to a new simple physical interpretation of freezing in confined geometries. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,INTENSE PULSED NEUTRON SOURCE,ARGONNE,IL 60439. CUNY CITY COLL,BENJAMIN LEVICH INST,NEW YORK,NY 10031. PENN STATE UNIV,MAT RES LAB,UNIV PK,PA 16802. CUNY CITY COLL,DEPT PHYS,NEW YORK,NY 10031. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV QUANTUM METROL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP SOKOL, PE (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,UNIV PK,PA 16802, USA. RI Herwig, Kenneth/F-4787-2011 NR 23 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 17 PY 1992 VL 61 IS 7 BP 777 EP 779 DI 10.1063/1.108461 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA JJ366 UT WOS:A1992JJ36600015 ER PT J AU EKIN, JW FINNEMORE, DK LI, Q TENBRINK, J CARTER, W AF EKIN, JW FINNEMORE, DK LI, Q TENBRINK, J CARTER, W TI EFFECT OF AXIAL STRAIN ON THE CRITICAL CURRENT OF AG-SHEATHED BIBASED SUPERCONDUCTORS IN MAGNETIC-FIELDS UP TO 25-T SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WIRES AB The irreversible strain limit epsilon(irrev) for the onset of permanent axial strain damage to Ag-sheathed Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2O8+x and Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3010+x superconductors has been measured to be in the range of 0.2%-0.35%. This strain damage onset is about an order of magnitude higher than for bulk sintered Y-, Bi-, or Tl-based superconductors and is approaching practical values for magnet design. The measurements show that the value of epsilon(irrev) is not dependent on magnetic field, nor does the critical current depend on strain below epsilon(irrev) at least up to 25 T at 4.2 K. Both of these factors indicate that the observed strain effect in Ag-sheathed Bi-based superconductors is not intrinsic to the superconductor material. Rather, the effect is extrinsic and arises from superconductor fracture. Thus, the damage onset is amenable to further enhancement. Indeed, the data suggest that subdividing the superconductor into fine filaments or adding Ag to the superconductor powder prior to processing significantly enhances the damage threshold epsilon(irrev) to above 0.6%. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT PHYS,AMES,IA 50011. VACUUMSCHMELZE GMBH,HANAU,GERMANY. AMER SUPERCONDUCTOR CORP,WATERTOWN,MA 02172. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,UPTON,NY 11973. RP EKIN, JW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 12 TC 136 Z9 136 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 17 PY 1992 VL 61 IS 7 BP 858 EP 860 DI 10.1063/1.107768 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA JJ366 UT WOS:A1992JJ36600042 ER PT J AU UNGURIS, J CELOTTA, RJ PIERCE, DT AF UNGURIS, J CELOTTA, RJ PIERCE, DT TI MAGNETISM IN CR THIN-FILMS ON FE(100) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERLAYER EXCHANGE; MAGNETORESISTANCE; SUPERLATTICES; OSCILLATIONS; FE/CR; FE AB The spin polarization of secondary electrons from a Cr film on Fe(100), measured with scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis, oscillates as a function of Cr thickness with a period near two atomic layers, consistent with incommensurate spin-density-wave antiferromagnetism in the Cr. The position of a phase slip due to incommensurability varies reversibly by 14 layers over the temperature range of 310 to 550 K. The Cr surface magnetic moment persists well above the Neel temperature of bulk Cr. RP UNGURIS, J (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Unguris, John/J-3989-2014 NR 14 TC 205 Z9 206 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 17 PY 1992 VL 69 IS 7 BP 1125 EP 1128 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.69.1125 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA JJ330 UT WOS:A1992JJ33000033 ER PT J AU OLINSKI, R NACKERDIEN, Z DIZDAROGLU, M AF OLINSKI, R NACKERDIEN, Z DIZDAROGLU, M TI DNA PROTEIN CROSS-LINKING BETWEEN THYMINE AND TYROSINE IN CHROMATIN OF GAMMA-IRRADIATED OR H2O2-TREATED CULTURED HUMAN-CELLS SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHINESE-HAMSTER CELLS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; HYDROXYL RADICALS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BASE DAMAGE; RADIATION; NUCLEOHISTONE; CROSSLINKING C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,BLDG 222-A353,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV STELLENBOSCH,DEPT RADIOTHERAPY,TYGERBERG 7505,SOUTH AFRICA. MED SCH BYDGOSZCZ,DEPT CLIN BIOCHEM,PL-85094 BYDGOSZCZ,POLAND. RI Olinski, Ryszard/E-9607-2014 NR 50 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD AUG 15 PY 1992 VL 297 IS 1 BP 139 EP 143 DI 10.1016/0003-9861(92)90651-C PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA JF099 UT WOS:A1992JF09900019 PM 1322110 ER PT J AU JONSSON, S FOLDVIK, A AAGAARD, K AF JONSSON, S FOLDVIK, A AAGAARD, K TI THE STRUCTURE AND ATMOSPHERIC FORCING OF THE MESOSCALE VELOCITY-FIELD IN FRAM STRAIT SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID DRIVEN CURRENT FLUCTUATIONS; EASTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; GREENLAND POLAR FRONT; MARGINAL ICE-ZONE; WIND STRESS; OCEAN; SEAS; TOPOGRAPHY; SUMMER; EDDIES AB We consider the connection between the wind field and the mesoscale circulation in the northern Greenland Sea, using over 50 record years of current observations to define the current structure in space and time. We find that east of the East Greenland Polar Front the motion is highly coherent in the vertical and that it scales in the horizontal as the internal Rossby radius. The structure depends very little on frequency. The East Greenland Current is dominated by smaller-scale phenomena in both space and time, and the kinetic energy is low. The available energy in the wind field may be the largest in the world, especially over the Greenland and Iceland seas. The wind power shows a marked seasonal signal that east of the East Greenland Polar Front is paralleled by a similar signal in the fluctuating kinetic energy of the current, and the former leads the current fluctuations by 1-2 months. The mesoscale motions are probably dominated by nonlinear interactions, and the observed vertical and horizontal structure is in general agreement with predictions of the theory of quasi-geostrophic turbulence forced by atmospheric fluctuations. We conclude that the majority of the mesoscale fluctuations in Fram Strait east of the East Greenland Polar Front are generated by the wind field. However, with few exceptions, the current field is not coherent with the curl of the wind stress, probably primarily owing to the isolating effect of the rough topography. The extent to which the wind field also generates mesoscale motions in the East Greenland Current is uncertain, although the eddy kinetic energy east of the East Greenland Polar Front is probably sufficient to account for conditions, in the East Greenland Current by westward advection of eddies. C1 UNIV AKUREYRI,AKUREYRI,ICELAND. UNIV BERGEN,INST GEOPHYS,N-5014 BERGEN,NORWAY. NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98115. RP JONSSON, S (reprint author), MARINE RES INST,GLERARGATA 36,POB 875,IS-602 AKUREYRI,ICELAND. RI Jonsson, Steingrimur/F-4682-2014 NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG 15 PY 1992 VL 97 IS C8 BP 12585 EP 12600 DI 10.1029/92JC01195 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA JK503 UT WOS:A1992JK50300007 ER PT J AU WEINSTOCK, J AF WEINSTOCK, J TI VERTICAL DIFFUSIVITY AND OVERTURNING LENGTH IN STABLY STRATIFIED TURBULENCE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE-GRADIENT; SHEAR-FLOW; FLUID; DECAY; SPECTRA; ENERGY AB Theoretical expressions are derived in a simple, but approximate, way for variations of vertical diffusivity and overturning length with Froude number, gradient Richardson number, and Reynolds number, in both sheared and unsheared stratified flow. These variations are then compared with observations in laboratories and oceans. For the case of strongly stratified turbulence (Froude number near unity) a previous value of 0.8 for the mixing efficiency is attributed to an incorrect assumption for the numerical value of L(m)/L(B), the ratio of overturning to buoyancy length, and the efficiency is recalculated by use of recent measurements of that length ratio. RP WEINSTOCK, J (reprint author), NOAA,AERONOMY LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG 15 PY 1992 VL 97 IS C8 BP 12653 EP 12658 DI 10.1029/92JC01099 PG 6 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA JK503 UT WOS:A1992JK50300012 ER PT J AU DOUGLAS, BC AF DOUGLAS, BC TI GLOBAL SEA-LEVEL ACCELERATION SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article AB Greenhouse warming scenarios commonly forecast an acceleration of sea level rise in the next 5 or 6+ decades in the range 0.1-0.2 mm/yr2. Long tide gauge records (75 years minimum) have been examined for past apparent sea level acceleration (i.e., deviation from a purely linear rise) and for indication of how long it might take to detect or verify a predicted future acceleration. For the 80-year period 1905-1985, 23 essentially complete tide gauge records in 10 geographic groups are available for analysis. These yielded the apparent global acceleration -0.011 (+/-0.012) mm/yr2. A larger, less uniform set of 37 records in the same 10 groups with 92 years average length covering the 141 years from 1850 to 1991 gave for acceleration 0.001 (+/-0.008) mm/yr2. Thus there is no evidence for an apparent acceleration in the past 100+ years that is significant either statistically, or in comparison to values associated with global warming. Estimating how well a global acceleration parameter could be determined in a relatively short time was accomplished by dividing the 1905-1985 data set into four equal time spans. The formal 1-sigma uncertainty (about 0.2 mm/yr2) of global acceleration from these 20-year periods is more than an order of magnitude larger than for the 80- and 141-year cases owing to the existence of large interdecadal and longer variations of sea level. This means that tide gauges alone cannot serve as a leading indicator of climate change in less than at least several decades. Confirming the prediction of a particular model at the 95% confidence level or differentiating between model predictions will take much longer. The time required can be significantly reduced if the interdecadal fluctuations of sea level can be understood in terms of their forcing mechanisms and then removed from the tide gauge records. RP DOUGLAS, BC (reprint author), NOAA,NATL OCEANOG DATA CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20230, USA. NR 10 TC 144 Z9 149 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG 15 PY 1992 VL 97 IS C8 BP 12699 EP 12706 DI 10.1029/92JC01133 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA JK503 UT WOS:A1992JK50300017 ER PT J AU FREHLICH, R AF FREHLICH, R TI LASER SCINTILLATION MEASUREMENTS OF THE TEMPERATURE SPECTRUM IN THE ATMOSPHERIC SURFACE-LAYER SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID REFRACTIVE-TURBULENCE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; OPTICAL-SCINTILLATION; FLUCTUATIONS; PROPAGATION; PARAMETERS; SCALE; INTERMITTENCY; MODELS; MEDIA AB The locally stationary temperature spectrum in the atmospheric surface layer is estimated using laser scintillation. The fluctuations of the parameters of the turbulence spectrum (the structure constant C(T)2 and inner scale l0) have a lognormal distribution. The average spectrum is calculated by averaging the locally stationary spectrum over these fluctuations. The average spectrum does not have a universal form. The fluctuations in the turbulence parameters produces a bias in measurements of the Obukhov-Corrsin constant and in estimates of energy dissipation rate epsilon based on average scintillation statistics. The performance of the scintillation technique and the accuracy of scintillation measurements of inner scale and structure constant are estimated using Monte Carlo simulation. One scintillation measurement can provide accurate estimates of the important turbulence parameters and the statistics of the fluctuations of these parameters. The scintillation estimates are true path-averaging estimates and do not require instrumental corrections for the high-frequency region nor the conversion of temporal statistics to spatial statistics. RP FREHLICH, R (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,CAMPUS BOX 449,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 61 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG 15 PY 1992 VL 49 IS 16 BP 1494 EP 1509 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1992)049<1494:LSMOTT>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JG889 UT WOS:A1992JG88900008 ER PT J AU STILES, MD HAMANN, DR AF STILES, MD HAMANN, DR TI THEORY OF BALLISTIC ELECTRON-EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY OF NISI2-SI(111) INTERFACES SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; MICROSCOPY; SILICON; BAND; TRANSMISSION; SCATTERING AB We discuss theoretical calculations of ballistic electron emission microscopy spectra for A- and B-type NiSi2-Si(111) interfaces. The calculations are based on a first-principles computation of the transmission across the interfaces and a model calculation of the electrons tunneling from the tip. We compare the calculated spectra with existing experimental data and discuss a way of presenting experimental data that highlights the transmission process with respect to contributions from the tunneling distribution. C1 AT&T BELL LABS,MURRAY HILL,NJ 07974. RP STILES, MD (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012 OI Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156 NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD AUG 15 PY 1992 VL 14 IS 3 BP 291 EP 296 DI 10.1016/0921-5107(92)90311-V PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA JL321 UT WOS:A1992JL32100006 ER PT J AU TAN, ZQ NAMAVAR, F BUDNICK, JI SANCHEZ, FH FASIHUDDIN, A HEALD, SM BOULDIN, CE WOICIK, JC AF TAN, ZQ NAMAVAR, F BUDNICK, JI SANCHEZ, FH FASIHUDDIN, A HEALD, SM BOULDIN, CE WOICIK, JC TI SILICIDE FORMATION AND STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION IN FE-IMPLANTED, CO-IMPLANTED, AND NI-IMPLANTED SILICON SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; BURIED COSI2 LAYERS; ION-BEAM SYNTHESIS; 111 SI; MICROSTRUCTURE; MESOTAXY; CRYSTALS; SI(100) AB Silicide formation and structural evolution in Fe-, Co-, and Ni-implanted silicon have been studied with use of extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure, x-ray-diffraction, and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. Si(100) wafers were implanted at elevated temperatures, typically 350-degrees-C, to doses ranging from 1 X 10(16) to 1 X 10(18) ions/cm2. In the Co-implanted system, CoSi2 forms with doses as low as 1 X 10(16) Co/cm2 and up to 3 X 10(17) Co/cm2, where the CoSi phase starts to form. At higher doses (8 X 10(17) co/cm2), ordered CoSi and a CoSi-like short-range-ordered phase coexist. The silicide formation observed in the Ni-implanted system is similar to that in the cobalt-implanted system. In the case of iron implantation, Fe is coordinated with about eight Si atoms in the (1-3) X 10(17) Fe/cm2 range as in the tetragonal FeSi2. However, the FeSi2 phase forms only at around 5 X 10(17) Fe/cm2. At even higher doses, a substantial amount of iron is in disordered states in addition to the ordered FeSi phase. Upon annealing at 900-degrees-C, semiconducting beta-FeSi2 forms in all the Fe-implanted samples independent of the dose. Mechanisms for silicide formation in these ion-implanted systems are discussed with respect to crystal structure, diffusion, and implantation damage. C1 UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT PHYS,STORRS,CT 06269. SPIRE CORP,BEDFORD,MA 01730. UNIV CONNECTICUT,INST MAT SCI,STORRS,CT 06269. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP TAN, ZQ (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,BLDG 510E,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 29 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 15 PY 1992 VL 46 IS 7 BP 4077 EP 4085 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.46.4077 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA JJ846 UT WOS:A1992JJ84600045 ER PT J AU JIN, GX TANG, S SENGERS, JV AF JIN, GX TANG, S SENGERS, JV TI THERMODYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF FLUID MIXTURES IN THE CRITICAL REGION SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article DE CARBON DIOXIDE; CROSSOVER MODEL; CRITICAL PHENOMENA; EQUATION OF STATE; ETHANE; MIXTURES; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES ID CRITICAL-POINTS AB A procedure for constructing a thermodynamic free energy of fluid mixtures is developed which incorporates the crossover from singular thermodynamic behavior near the vapor-liquid critical line to regular behavior far away from the critical line. It is realized by combining the ideas of Griffiths and Wheeler for fluid mixtures with the crossover theory previously developed by Chen et al. for one-component fluids. The resulting thermodynamic free energy yields a satisfactory representation of both P - rho - T - x data and C(V,x) data for mixtures of carbon dioxide and ethane in a substantial range of temperatures and densities around the critical line. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP JIN, GX (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,INST PHYS SCI & TECHNOL,COLL PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 15 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD AUG 14 PY 1992 VL 75 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/0378-3812(92)87002-5 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA JL556 UT WOS:A1992JL55600002 ER PT J AU LYNCH, JJ RAINWATER, JC AF LYNCH, JJ RAINWATER, JC TI THE MODIFIED LEUNG-GRIFFITHS MODEL OF VAPOR-LIQUID-EQUILIBRIUM - EXTENDED SCALING AND BINARY-MIXTURES OF DISSIMILAR FLUIDS SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article DE BUTANE; CARBON DIOXIDE; CRITICAL REGION; EXTENDED SCALING; LEUNG-GRIFFITHS MODEL; SIMPLEX FITTING; VAPOR-LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM; WEGNER CORRECTION ID SYSTEM CARBON-DIOXIDE; PHASE PROPERTIES; NORMAL-BUTANE; THERMODYNAMIC BEHAVIOR; CRITICAL REGION; CRITICAL-POINTS; CRITICAL LINE; N-BUTANE; CROSSOVER; ISOBUTANE AB Extended scaling or the Wegner correction has been added to a model of vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) designed for the extended critical region. The model, that of Leung and Griffiths as modified by Moldover, Rainwater and co-workers, has heretofore incorporated only simple scaling. The revised formalism has been applied to the abundant data on carbon dioxide + n-butane, where versions of the model with and without extended scaling have been optimized by the simplex method. With extended scaling, the average thermodynamic "distance" between a measured and calculated dew or bubble point decreases by approximately 30 percent. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD AUG 14 PY 1992 VL 75 BP 23 EP 37 DI 10.1016/0378-3812(92)87004-7 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA JL556 UT WOS:A1992JL55600004 ER PT J AU RUZICKA, V ZABRANSKY, M MALIJEVSKY, A DOMALSKI, ES AF RUZICKA, V ZABRANSKY, M MALIJEVSKY, A DOMALSKI, ES TI CORRELATION OF HEAT-CAPACITIES OF LIQUIDS AS A FUNCTION OF TEMPERATURE SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article DE HEAT CAPACITY; LIQUID; TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE; CORRELATION; EXTRAPOLATION; CUBIC SPLINES; QUASI-POLYNOMIAL EQUATION ID ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; STATE; C-1 AB Five different equations for the correlation of heat capacities of liquids have been examined and tested. The following criteria have been considered in selecting a suitable correlation equation: (1) the ability to fit experimental data precisely; (2) meaningful behavior of the relationship when used for extrapolation beyond the temperature limits of the experimental data; (3) the possibility to integrate the equation analytically in order to calculate enthalpy and entropy differences. A polynomial seems to be the most dependable form for an equation in describing heat capacity as a function of temperature. The drawback of the polynomial equation of degree higher than four is that it has poor extrapolation characteristics and the possibility of oscillations. To correlate experimental data that cover a wide temperature range, a large number of terms in a polynomial equation would be necessary. In such cases, cubic splines with up to five knots have been used to fit the data within the assumed error of measurement. A new correlation equation has been proposed which provides a reasonable extrapolation, especially in the region towards the critical point. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP RUZICKA, V (reprint author), PRAGUE INST CHEM TECHNOL,DEPT PHYS CHEM,CS-16628 PRAGUE 6,CZECHOSLOVAKIA. RI Zabransky, Milan/A-2214-2009; Ruzicka, Vlastimil/B-8905-2008 NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD AUG 14 PY 1992 VL 75 BP 137 EP 148 DI 10.1016/0378-3812(92)87013-D PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA JL556 UT WOS:A1992JL55600013 ER PT J AU EMERY, AP CHESLER, SN MACCREHAN, WA AF EMERY, AP CHESLER, SN MACCREHAN, WA TI RECOVERY OF DIESEL FUEL FROM CLAYS BY SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article AB Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) coupled with gas chromatography was used to analyze diesel fuel oil adsorbed on montmorillonite, kaolinite and illite clays. Adsorptive differences in the clays were reflected in the SFE desorption conditions required. However, in all instances the diesel hydrocarbon recovery was greater than 75% with an extraction precision of 2-3%. The short extraction times of 20 min and the other benefits of SFE make this method attractive over classical methods used to extract diesel oil quantitatively from soils. RP EMERY, AP (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,DIV ORGAN ANALYT RES,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 13 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD AUG 14 PY 1992 VL 606 IS 2 BP 221 EP 228 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(92)87028-7 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA JJ900 UT WOS:A1992JJ90000009 ER PT J AU SHAANAN, B GRONENBORN, AM COHEN, GH GILLILAND, GL VEERAPANDIAN, B DAVIES, DR CLORE, GM AF SHAANAN, B GRONENBORN, AM COHEN, GH GILLILAND, GL VEERAPANDIAN, B DAVIES, DR CLORE, GM TI COMBINING EXPERIMENTAL INFORMATION FROM CRYSTAL AND SOLUTION STUDIES - JOINT X-RAY AND NMR REFINEMENT SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; INTERPROTON DISTANCE RESTRAINTS; AMYLASE INHIBITOR TENDAMISTAT; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; R-FACTOR; PROTEINS; INTERLEUKIN-1-BETA; DIFFRACTION; RESOLUTION AB Joint refinement of macromolecules against crystallographic and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) observations is presented as a way of combining experimental information from the two methods. The model of interleukin-1-beta derived by the joint x-ray and NMR refinement is shown to be consistent with the experimental observations of both methods and to have crystallographic R value and geometrical parameters that are of the same quality as or better than those of models obtained by conventional crystallographic studies. The few NMR observations that are violated by the model serve as an indicator for genuine differences between the crystal and solution structures. The joint x-ray-NMR refinement can resolve structural ambiguities encountered in studies of multidomain proteins, in which low- to medium-resolution diffraction data can be complemented by higher resolution NMR data obtained for the individual domains. C1 NIDDKD,MOLEC BIOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIDDKD,CHEM PHYS LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. UNIV MARYLAND,MARYLAND BIOTECHNOL INST,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,SHADY GROVE,MD. RI Clore, G. Marius/A-3511-2008; Shaanan, Boaz/F-1202-2012 OI Clore, G. Marius/0000-0003-3809-1027; NR 25 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 14 PY 1992 VL 257 IS 5072 BP 961 EP 964 DI 10.1126/science.1502561 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JH827 UT WOS:A1992JH82700034 PM 1502561 ER PT J AU NIEBAUER, TM FALLER, JE AF NIEBAUER, TM FALLER, JE TI CONTINUOUS GRAVITY OBSERVATIONS USING JOINT INSTITUTE FOR LABORATORY ASTROPHYSICS ABSOLUTE GRAVIMETERS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID TIDAL GRAVITY; EARTH; DEFORMATION; SURFACE; OCEAN; TIDES AB We discuss two different 1-month gravity records taken with two different Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics (JILA) gravimeters. These records were corrected for the effects of Earth tides, ocean loading, local and global barometric effects, and polar motion. These data allowed precise determinations of the local air pressure admittance. We also obtained a value for the second-order gravimetric factor which agreed with the theoretical value to about 0.3% where the predominant uncertainty is the ocean load modeling. The corrected noise spectra were white above 1 cycle/d with a spectral noise density of about 80-mu-Gal/square-root Hz. We note that absolute gravimeters have a sensitivity to time varying gravity that is comparable to that obtained with superconducting relative gravimeters. The sensitivity of these data emphasizes the need for better modeling of ocean loads, air pressure effects, and even man-made environmental noise. C1 UNIV COLORADO, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO USA. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD AUG 10 PY 1992 VL 97 IS B9 BP 12427 EP 12435 DI 10.1029/92JB00808 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA JH992 UT WOS:A1992JH99200010 ER PT J AU JACKSON, M BARRIENTOS, S BILHAM, R KYESTHA, D SHRESTHA, B AF JACKSON, M BARRIENTOS, S BILHAM, R KYESTHA, D SHRESTHA, B TI UPLIFT IN THE NEPAL HIMALAYA REVEALED BY SPIRIT LEVELING SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A 250-km-long first-order leveling line linking the geodetic surveys of Tibet and India through the Kingdom of Nepal has been measured twice in the past 15 years. Changes in relative bench mark elevation projected along a 200 km line orthogonal to the mean structural trend in the Himalaya indicate a pattern of uplift with wavelengths of 30-50 km not related to earthquake occurrence. Relative vertical velocities of bench marks of up to 4 mm/year show no evident correlation with level line slope. An absence of microearthquake data prevents localized uplift from being attributed to slip on mapped or buried faults, although circumstantial evidence suggests this is likely. In the North, in line with the high Himalayan peaks, relative uplift rates of 4 +/- 1 mm/yr and a wavelength of 50 km are coincident with a steepening in the Main Boundary Thrust and the Moho proposed by Lyon-Caen and Molnar [1985]. In the South, uplift rates of 2 +/- 0.3 mm/yr with a wavelength of 30 km correspond to active folding of an anticline on the southern flank of the Lesser Himalaya. Observed tilt rates of 0.06-mu-rad/year are similar to the long term tilt rates needed to produce the 40-70-degrees flanks of the anticline. A range of detachment geometries and slip velocities can generate the observed deformation field, but geologically realistic models fall into a group of horizontal to shallow dipping, subhorizontal faults between 12 and 6 km in depth. No unique solution exists, although the wavelength of the observed deformation field permits models with significant slip closer than 4 km to the surface to be excluded. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT GEOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. HMG SURVEY DEPT,KATMANDU,NEPAL. RP JACKSON, M (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,CAMPUS BOX 216,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. OI Bilham, Roger/0000-0002-5547-4102 NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 3 PY 1992 VL 19 IS 15 BP 1539 EP 1542 DI 10.1029/92GL01638 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA JH144 UT WOS:A1992JH14400003 ER PT J AU WONGNG, W CHIANG, CK FREIMAN, SW COOK, LP HILL, MD AF WONGNG, W CHIANG, CK FREIMAN, SW COOK, LP HILL, MD TI PHASE FORMATION OF HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTING OXIDES IN THE BI-PB-SR-CA-CU-O GLASS SO AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM; CRYSTALLIZATION; EQUILIBRIA; LEAD RP WONGNG, W (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 25 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 SN 0002-7812 J9 AM CERAM SOC BULL JI Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 71 IS 8 BP 1261 EP 1266 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA JJ593 UT WOS:A1992JJ59300014 ER PT J AU POST, MJ CUPP, RE AF POST, MJ CUPP, RE TI CO2 LIDAR BACKSCATTER PROFILES OVER HAWAII DURING FALL 1988 SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE BACKSCATTER; LIDAR; HAWAII ID AEROSOL; CALIBRATION; 10.6-MU-M AB Aerosol and cloud backscatter data, obtained over a 24-day period in fall 1988 with the National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration's Doppler lidar at 10.59-mu-m wavelength, are analyzed by using a new technique to lessen biases that are due to dropouts. Typical backscatter cross sections were significantly lower than those routinely observed over the continental United States, although episodic backscatter enhancements caused by cirrus and mineral dust also occurred. Implications of these data on the proposed Laser Atmospheric Wind Sounder wind profiling satellite sensor are discussed. RP POST, MJ (reprint author), NOAA,WAVE PROPAGAT LAB,ENVIRONM RES LABS,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 1 PY 1992 VL 31 IS 22 BP 4590 EP 4599 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA JF914 UT WOS:A1992JF91400048 PM 20725465 ER PT J AU TURK, GC YU, LJ WATTERS, RL TRAVIS, JC AF TURK, GC YU, LJ WATTERS, RL TRAVIS, JC TI LASER-INDUCED IONIZATION OF ATOMS IN A POWER-MODULATED INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE LASERS; RESONANCE IONIZATION SPECTROSCOPY ID ENHANCED IONIZATION; SPECTROMETRY; FLAMES; SPECTROSCOPY AB Laser-induced ionization of atoms has been detected in a power-modulated inductively coupled plasma. The measurement is made 1.4 ms after complete interruption of the 40-MHz power to a 400-W plasma. Electrical conductivity measurements between probe electrodes in the plasma during the power-off cycle have been made, demonstrating the decay in plasma background ion/electron concentrations which makes detection of laser-induced ionization possible. Radio-frequency interference from the ICP on the ionization detection electronics is also avoided by this approach. The primary mode of laser-induced ionization was photoionization of the laser-excited atoms, i.e., resonance ionization spectroscopy (RIS). Detection limits of 80-mu-g Fe/L and 20-mu-g Ga/L were achieved. RP TURK, GC (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Yu, Lee/N-7263-2015 OI Yu, Lee/0000-0002-8043-6853 NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 46 IS 8 BP 1217 EP 1222 DI 10.1366/0003702924123926 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA JJ474 UT WOS:A1992JJ47400003 ER PT J AU TURK, GC AF TURK, GC TI LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE OF ATOMS IN A POWER-MODULATED INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA FOR TRACE DETECTION AND DIAGNOSTIC STUDY SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE FLUORESCENCE; LASERS; LASER-INDUCED ATOMIC FLUORESCENCE ID SPECTROMETRY AB Laser-induced fluorescence of iron atoms during the plasma-off cycle of a power-modulated inductively coupled plasma has been performed. The low plasma background emission, and absence of radio-frequency interference, 1.4 ms after complete interruption of power to the ICP, results in an excellent environment for fluorescence detection. With the use of a simple nondispersive detection system, a limit of detection of 5-mu-g Fe/L was achieved. The iron atom population was found to remain constant for 1.2 ms after power interruption, indicating that the chemical environment during this period is inert. A spatial profile and ICP power study were conducted as diagnostic aids for optimization of the power-modulated ICP for both fluorescence and ionization detection. RP TURK, GC (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 46 IS 8 BP 1223 EP 1225 DI 10.1366/0003702924123908 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA JJ474 UT WOS:A1992JJ47400004 ER PT J AU LI, ZY CHIUEH, T BEGELMAN, MC AF LI, ZY CHIUEH, T BEGELMAN, MC TI ELECTROMAGNETICALLY DRIVEN RELATIVISTIC JETS - A CLASS OF SELF-SIMILAR SOLUTIONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE GALAXIES, JETS; MHD; PULSARS, GENERAL; QUASARS, GENERAL ID ROTATING COMPACT OBJECTS; HYDROMAGNETIC FLOWS; STELLAR WINDS; DISKS AB We have constructed a class of self-similar solutions for relativistic winds driven by rotating magnetic fields. These winds are collimated to cylindrical jet flows of finite radii and may attain supermagnetosonic speeds with high Lorentz factors. Most of the flow acceleration results from the "magnetic nozzle" effect and occurs beyond the fast magnetosonic point, which is typically located a few light cylinder radii from the rotation axis. Approximate equipartition between the electromagnetic and flow kinetic energies is generally achieved for these jets, in contrast to the radial wind case in which the flow is magnetically dominated at all radii. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT ASTROPHYS PLANETARY & ATMOSPHER SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP LI, ZY (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. OI CHIUEH, TZI-HONG/0000-0003-2654-8763 NR 18 TC 164 Z9 164 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 1992 VL 394 IS 2 BP 459 EP 471 DI 10.1086/171597 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA JE712 UT WOS:A1992JE71200008 ER PT J AU SAKEN, JM FESEN, RA SHULL, JM AF SAKEN, JM FESEN, RA SHULL, JM TI AN IRAS SURVEY OF GALACTIC SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE DUST, EXTINCTION; RADIO CONTINUUM, INTERSTELLAR; SUPERNOVA REMNANTS; SURVEYS ID RESOLUTION RADIO OBSERVATIONS; SHOCK-HEATED DUST; X-RAY PULSAR; NOVA REMNANT; INFRARED-EMISSION; CASSIOPEIA-A; CYGNUS LOOP; H-I; CONTINUUM OBSERVATIONS; EINSTEIN OBSERVATIONS AB We present a new, independent survey of the infrared emission for 161 Galactic supernova remnants using Skyflux image data from the Infrared Astronomical Satellite. We have derived new kinematic distances for 11 of the 44 positively or possibly identified remnants, using a new Galactic rotation curve with current IAU constants, R0 = 8.5 kpc and V0 = 220 km s-1. This new survey, which both complements and improves on the results of previous surveys, indicates that the infrared region is the equal of other spectral regimes for remnant detection. We used temperature-sensitive flux ratio images to help identify and define remnant emission structures and fluxes, particularly in complex regions. Of the 161 remnants examined, we found clear infrared emission from 35, with nine additional possible detections. Our detection rate is highest toward the Galactic anticenter, where source confusion is less severe. By fitting the observed fluxes to a two-temperature dust model with lambda--1.5 grain emissivities, we provide color-corrected fluxes in the four IRAS bands for every identified source. Planck-averaged grain opacities then yield remnant luminosities and dust mass estimates. Almost all young remnants (Tycho, Kepler, Cas A, Crab) have a significant 12 and 25-mu-m flux, while older remnants are brightest at 60 and 100-mu-m. With remnant radius as an age estimator, correlations with mass and temperature indicate that older remnants are both colder and more massive, as expected from decreasing shock velocity. No radius-luminosity correlation is seen. Good agreement generally exists between a remnant's nonthermal radio emission and its IR emission structure. Since a young remnant's dust is heated primarily by electron collisions in high-temperature plasmas, even better agreement can be seen between a remnant's IR and X-ray structure (e.g., the Cygnus Loop). However, the key advantage of far-IR observations is their ability to detect massive, slowly expanding, dusty shells, which often are weak in optical or nonthermal radio emissions. The main disadvantage of far-IR imaging is the moderate-to-severe source confusion in or near the Galactic plane owing to negligible interstellar extinction. C1 DARTMOUTH COLL,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,HANOVER,NH 03755. UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD. RP SAKEN, JM (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,CTR ASTROPHYS & SPACE ASTRON,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 163 TC 94 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 81 IS 2 BP 715 EP & DI 10.1086/191703 PG 0 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA JF437 UT WOS:A1992JF43700004 ER PT J AU REICHERT, WL STEIN, JE FRENCH, B GOODWIN, P VARANASI, U AF REICHERT, WL STEIN, JE FRENCH, B GOODWIN, P VARANASI, U TI STORAGE PHOSPHOR IMAGING TECHNIQUE FOR DETECTION AND QUANTITATION OF DNA ADDUCTS MEASURED BY THE P-32 POSTLABELING ASSAY SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Note ID SOLE PAROPHRYS-VETULUS; LIVER; AUTORADIOGRAPHY; PERSISTENCE; CARCINOGEN; DAMAGE; MICE AB The P-32-postlabeling method has found wide application as a sensitive technique for detecting the presence of a broad range of bulky aromatic compounds covalently bound to DNA. In this method, the modified DNA is enzymatically degraded to 3'-mononucleotides and labeled with [P-32]-phosphate at the 5'-position using [gamma-P-32]ATP and T4 polynucleotide kinase. The P-32-labeled DNA digest is then chromatographed in two dimensions on polyethyleneimine-cellulose thin-layer plates. Screen-enhanced autoradiography is used to locate the presence of the radiolabeled adducts on the chromatogram, and the radioactive areas are generally excised and quantitated by liquid scintillation spectrometry. However, on a chromatogram with multiple adducts, it can be difficult to quantitate partially resolved adducts and evaluate background radioactivity levels. We have evaluated the use of storage phosphor imaging techniques to quantitate and map the radioactivity on chromatograms generated by the- P-32-postlabeling method. The results showed that storage phosphor imaging was approximately 10 times more sensitive than screen-enhanced autoradiography at -80-degrees-C for the detection of P-32, exhibits a greater linear range of response, has a resolution that compares favorably to film and has a lower background than does liquid scintillation spectrometry. Further, the generation of a digitized record of the distribution and intensity of radioactivity allows for computer-assisted assessment of adduct profiles and can facilitate quantitation of individual adducts and radioactive zones comprised of multiple overlapping adducts in complex chromatograms. Additionally, the permanent record created by the imaging technology permits facile retrospective analysis of samples, whereas with autoradiography and liquid scintillation spectrometry reanalysis of a replicate sample is required. C1 FRED HUTCHINSON CANC RES CTR,DEPT IMAGING,SEATTLE,WA 98104. RP REICHERT, WL (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,DIV ENVIRONM CONSERVAT,2725 MONTLAKE BLVD E,SEATTLE,WA 98112, USA. NR 15 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD AUG PY 1992 VL 13 IS 8 BP 1475 EP 1479 DI 10.1093/carcin/13.8.1475 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA JH652 UT WOS:A1992JH65200027 PM 1499099 ER PT J AU LANDRUM, PF FREZ, WA SIMMONS, MS AF LANDRUM, PF FREZ, WA SIMMONS, MS TI THE EFFECT OF FOOD-CONSUMPTION ON THE TOXICOKINETICS OF BENZO(A)PYRENE AND 2,2',4,4',5,5'-HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL IN MYSIS-RELICTA SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID LAKE-MICHIGAN; RAINBOW-TROUT; CHAIN; BIOACCUMULATION; ACCUMULATION; FISH; ELIMINATION; SEDIMENT; BIOTRANSFORMATION; KEPONE AB The relative importance of water and ingested food as possible avenues of contaminant accumulation was examined. Mysis relicta was exposed to two representative non-polar contaminants: benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (HCB). The accumulation was examined kinetically in the presence and absence of two food types, Daphnia pulex (water flea) and Tabellaria flocculosa (a diatom). The availability of either food enhanced HCB accumulation and reduced BaP accumulation. Feeding did not affect HCB elimination but enhanced BaP elimination. The BaP was eliminated primarily as metabolites. Essentially all of the elimination occurred via the fecal route for both compounds. The fraction of the accumulation via ingestion of contaminated food was greater when mysids fed on Daphnia than Tabellaria and was greater for HCB than BaP. C1 ENVIRONM CONTROL TECHNOL CORP,ANN ARBOR,MI 48108. UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT ENVIRONM & IND HLTH,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. RP LANDRUM, PF (reprint author), GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. NR 37 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD AUG PY 1992 VL 25 IS 3 BP 397 EP 415 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(92)90556-7 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JP936 UT WOS:A1992JP93600016 ER PT J AU GUNARATNA, PC KOCH, WF PAULE, RC CORMIER, AD DORAZIO, P GREENBERG, N OCONNELL, KM MALENFANT, A OKORODUDU, AO MILLER, R KUS, DM BOWERS, GN AF GUNARATNA, PC KOCH, WF PAULE, RC CORMIER, AD DORAZIO, P GREENBERG, N OCONNELL, KM MALENFANT, A OKORODUDU, AO MILLER, R KUS, DM BOWERS, GN TI FROZEN HUMAN SERUM REFERENCE MATERIAL FOR STANDARDIZATION OF SODIUM AND POTASSIUM MEASUREMENTS IN SERUM OR PLASMA BY ION-SELECTIVE ELECTRODE ANALYZERS SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ELECTROLYTES; REFERENCE MATERIAL; DEFINITIVE METHOD-ASSIGNED VALUES; FLAME ATOMIC EMISSION SPECTROMETRY; NATIONAL REFERENCE SYSTEM AB Three interlaboratory round-robin studies (RR1, RR2, and RR3) were conducted to identify a serum-based reference material that would aid in the standardization of direct ion-selective electrode (ISE) measurements of sodium and potassium. Ultrafiltered frozen serum reference materials requiring no reconstitution reduced between-laboratory variability (the largest source of imprecision) more than did other reference materials. ISE values for RR3 were normalized by the use of two points at the extremes of the clinical range for sodium (i.e., 120 and 160 mmol/L), with values assigned by the flame atomic emission spectrometry (FAES) Reference Method. This FAES normalization of ISE raw values remarkably improved all sources of variability and unified the results from seven different direct ISE analyzers to the FAES Reference Method value. Subsequently, a three-tiered, fresh-frozen human serum reference material was produced to the specifications developed in RR1-RR3, was assigned certified values for sodium and potassium by Definitive Methods at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and was made available in 1990 to the clinical laboratory community as a Standard Reference Material (SRM); it is now identified as SRM 956. Albeit retrospectively, we show how applying an FAES normalization step identical to that used in RR4/5 to the ISE data for SRM 956 after the NIST Definitive Method values were known, consistently moved the ISE results for RR3 closer to the true value for Na+ and K+. C1 NIST,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,DIV INORGAN ANALYT RES,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. AMDEV INC,DANVERS,MA 01923. CIBA CORNING DIAGNOST CORP,MEDFIELD,MA 02052. EASTMAN KODAK CO,ROCHESTER,NY 14650. INSTRUMENTAT LAB INC,LEXINGTON,MA 02173. NOVA BIOMED CORP,WALTHAM,MA 02254. HARTFORD HOSP,CLIN CHEM LAB,HARTFORD,CT 06115. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1459 EP 1465 PN 1 PG 7 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA JH683 UT WOS:A1992JH68300014 PM 1643715 ER PT J AU ACKMAN, RG TAKEUCHI, T BALAZS, GH AF ACKMAN, RG TAKEUCHI, T BALAZS, GH TI FATTY-ACIDS IN DEPOT FATS OF GREEN TURTLES CHELONIA-MYDAS FROM THE HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS AND JOHNSTON ATOLL SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; CARETTA-CARETTA; ALLIGATOR-MISSISSIPPIENSIS; SEAGRASS COMMUNITIES; AMERICAN ALLIGATOR; LIPID-COMPOSITION; FOOD-CHAINS; FISH OILS; LOGGERHEAD; NUTRITION AB 1. Depot fat samples from thirteen individual mid-Pacific turtles Chelonia mydas were examined for overall fatty acid composition. 2. It can be concluded from analysis of fatty acids that the mid-Pacific green turtles generally synthesize their triglyceride depot fats with at least one, but not more than two, positions occupied by 12:0 and 14:0, possibly with 16:0 and 16:1 as well. 3. These two fatty acids are probably utilized as temporary energy storage and are synthesized from acetate originating in the gut from dietary carbohydrates. 4. The most probable source of dietary carbohydrate is benthic algae. These, their epiphytes, and gut bacteria also contribute numerous minor and trace unsaturated fatty acids. 5. A select group of four oils of high iodine value (> 100) are shown to have a higher than common concentration of 22:6n-3-22:5n-3. This suggests a particular dietary source of fatty acids different from the other samples, possibly including jellyfish or other animal matter. C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,HONOLULU,HI 96822. TOKYO UNIV FISHERIES,FISH NUTR LAB,MINATO KU,TOKYO 108,JAPAN. RP ACKMAN, RG (reprint author), TECH UNIV NOVA SCOTIA,CANADIAN INST FISHERIES TECHNOL,BOX 1000,HALIFAX B3J 2X4,NS,CANADA. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0305-0491 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 102 IS 4 BP 813 EP 819 DI 10.1016/0305-0491(92)90085-6 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA JH263 UT WOS:A1992JH26300025 ER PT J AU DAVIS, MW OLLA, BL AF DAVIS, MW OLLA, BL TI THE ROLE OF VISUAL CUES IN THE FACILITATION OF GROWTH IN A SCHOOLING FISH SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE BEHAVIOR; CHUM SALMON; GROWTH VARIATION; ONCORHYNCHUS-KETA; SENSORY INPUT; VISUAL CONTACT ID SALVELINUS-ALPINUS L; SOCIAL CONSTRAINTS; ARCTIC CHARR; PISCES; BEHAVIOR AB This study tested the hypothesis that visual contact between fish may result in enhanced rates of growth in a schooling fish. Juvenile chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta, were held singly and reared in isolation or in visual contact with conspecifics. Fish were fed at either a low (6% body weight d-1) or high (20% body weight d-1) ration for 42 d. Specific rates of weight gain were 18% greater at low ration and 38% greater at high ration for fish in visual contact with conspecifics than for those held in isolation. The results demonstrate a selective advantage of visual cues associated with schooling behavior and suggest that the efficacy of growth models for schooling fishes may be enhanced by the consideration of social interactions which may facilitate growth. RP DAVIS, MW (reprint author), HATFIELD MARINE SCI CTR,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW & ALASKA FISHERIES CTR,NEWPORT,OR 97365, USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD AUG PY 1992 VL 34 IS 4 BP 421 EP 424 DI 10.1007/BF00004746 PG 4 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA JE172 UT WOS:A1992JE17200008 ER PT J AU LANDRUM, PF EADIE, BJ FAUST, WR AF LANDRUM, PF EADIE, BJ FAUST, WR TI VARIATION IN THE BIOAVAILABILITY OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS TO THE AMPHIPOD DIPOREIA (SPP) WITH SEDIMENT AGING SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE BIOAVAILABILITY; DIPOREIA; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHS); SEDIMENT STORAGE; SEDIMENT AGING ID STYLODRILUS-HERINGIANUS LUMBRICULIDAE; PONTOPOREIA-HOYI; INTERSTITIAL WATERS; SUBLETHAL RESPONSES; TOXICITY; TOXICOKINETICS; BIOTRANSFORMATION; ANTHRACENE; VARIABLES; SORPTION AB The accumulation kinetics of the amphipod Diporeia sp. for sediment-sorbed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) congeners were measured where the contact time between the PAH congeners and the sediments varied between 3 and 150 d. Diporeia were exposed to a reference sediment dosed with two radiolabeled PAHs (phenanthrene and pyrene) and to sediments dosed with the two radiotracers and a mixture of PAHs at 272.3 +/- 10.9 nmol g-1 dry sediment, as the sum of the nine nonlabeled PAHs. The sediments were prepared by dosing aliquots of a single collection of sediment with PAHs at different times, producing a series of contact times. The exposures were all performed at the same time from a single collection of organisms. Diporeia were sampled for mortality and toxicokinetics for up to 28 d. Some sediment avoidance was observed during the first 12 d of exposure. The partitioning between sediment particles and interstitial water increased significantly for both phenanthrene and pyrene as contact time increased. The uptake rate coefficient decreased for both phenanthrene and pyrene when the contact with the sediment was increased from 3 to 60 d. When the contaminant-sediment contact was increased from 60 to 150 d, the phenanthrene uptake rate coefficient remained constant whereas that for pyrene increased somewhat. Similar uptake results were observed with the nonradiolabeled compounds. RP LANDRUM, PF (reprint author), NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. NR 33 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 3 U2 12 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 11 IS 8 BP 1197 EP 1208 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1992)11[1197:VITBOP]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA JF772 UT WOS:A1992JF77200016 ER PT J AU BOWEN, BW MEYLAN, AB ROSS, JP LIMPUS, CJ BALAZS, GH AVISE, JC AF BOWEN, BW MEYLAN, AB ROSS, JP LIMPUS, CJ BALAZS, GH AVISE, JC TI GLOBAL POPULATION-STRUCTURE AND NATURAL-HISTORY OF THE GREEN TURTLE (CHELONIA-MYDAS) IN TERMS OF MATRIARCHAL PHYLOGENY SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Article ID GENE FLOW; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; SEA-TURTLE; RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASES; ALLELES; CONSERVATION; REPRODUCTION; ATLANTIC; ODYSSEY; GROWTH AB To address aspects of the evolution and natural history of green turtles, we assayed mitochondrial (mt) DNA genotypes from 226 specimens representing 15 major rookeries around the world. Phylogenetic analyses of these data revealed (1) a comparatively low level of mtDNA variability and a slow mtDNA evolutionary rate (relative to estimates for many other vertebrates); (2) a fundamental phylogenetic split distinguishing all green turtles in the Atlantic-Mediterranean from those in the Indian-Pacific Oceans; (3) no evidence for matrilineal distinctiveness of a commonly recognized taxonomic form in the East Pacific (the black turtle C. m. agassizi or C. agassizi); (4) in opposition to published hypotheses, a recent origin for the Ascension Island rookery, and its close genetic relationship to a geographically proximate rookery in Brazil; and (5) a geographic population substructure within each ocean basin (typically involving fixed or nearly fixed genotypic differences between nesting populations) that suggests a strong propensity for natal homing by females. Overall, the global matriarchal phylogeny of Chelonia mydas appears to have been shaped by both geography (ocean basin separations) and behavior (natal homing on regional or rookery-specific scales). The shallow evolutionary population structure within ocean basins likely results from demographic turnover (extinction and colonization) of rookeries over time frames that are short by evolutionary standards but long by ecological standards. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT GENET,ATHENS,GA 30602. NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,HONOLULU LAB,HONOLULU,HI 96822. FLORIDA MARINE RES INST,DEPT NAT RESOURCES,ST PETERSBURG,FL 33701. FLORIDA MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT NAT SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. QUEENSLAND NATL PK & WILDLIFE SERV,N QUAY,QLD 4002,AUSTRALIA. NR 96 TC 222 Z9 242 U1 6 U2 78 PU SOC STUDY EVOLUTION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0014-3820 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD AUG PY 1992 VL 46 IS 4 BP 865 EP 881 DI 10.2307/2409742 PG 17 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA JK169 UT WOS:A1992JK16900001 ER PT J AU BROWN, BE SEIDEL, WR AZAROVITZ, T AF BROWN, BE SEIDEL, WR AZAROVITZ, T TI SUCCESSES AND FAILURES OF FISHERIES ACOUSTICS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF UNITED-STATES EAST-COAST MARINE FISHERIES SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB The history of the use of acoustics in marine fisheries off the East Coast of the US is described in relationship to fisheries management. There has been limited use to date due to the nature of the fishery resource and fishery management problems on the East Coast. Use of fisheries acoustics in the future will increase slowly due to current financial constraints. RP BROWN, BE (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES CTR,75 VIRGINIA BEACH DR,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 14 IS 2-3 BP 129 EP 134 DI 10.1016/0165-7836(92)90048-X PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA JL076 UT WOS:A1992JL07600004 ER PT J AU BAILEY, KM SPRING, SM AF BAILEY, KM SPRING, SM TI COMPARISON OF LARVAL, AGE-0 JUVENILE AND AGE-2 RECRUIT ABUNDANCE INDEXES OF WALLEYE POLLOCK, THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA, IN THE WESTERN GULF OF ALASKA SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE WALLEYE POLLOCK; RECRUIT ABUNDANCE; ALASKA ID SHELIKOF STRAIT; CANNIBALISM; SURVIVAL; SEA RP BAILEY, KM (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 23 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 49 IS 3 BP 297 EP 304 DI 10.1093/icesjms/49.3.297 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA JL994 UT WOS:A1992JL99400005 ER PT J AU WAKID, SA ROBERTS, K AF WAKID, SA ROBERTS, K TI NORTH-AMERICAN AGREEMENTS ON ISDN SO IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article RP WAKID, SA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ADV SYST,NATL COMP SYST LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD, USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0163-6804 J9 IEEE COMMUN MAG JI IEEE Commun. Mag. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 30 IS 8 BP 42 EP 47 DI 10.1109/35.149617 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA JH674 UT WOS:A1992JH67400010 ER PT J AU MARKS, RB WILLIAMS, DF AF MARKS, RB WILLIAMS, DF TI ACCURATE EXPERIMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION OF INTERCONNECTS - A DISCUSSION OF EXPERIMENTAL ELECTRICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF INTERCONNECTS AND DISCONTINUITIES IN HIGH-SPEED DIGITAL-SYSTEMS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPONENTS HYBRIDS AND MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID CALIBRATION AB This paper discusses two issues concerning the accuracy of electrical characterizations of interconnect transmission lines, particularly in regard to a recently published paper. The error in the characteristic impedance may be reduced through an alternative approximation to the capacitance of the transmission line. Furthermore, measurements of both the propagation constant and characteristic impedance, which are the two primary parameters characterizing the line, may be improved by the use of a well-conditioned algorithm. RP MARKS, RB (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET FIELDS,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0148-6411 J9 IEEE T COMPON HYBR PD AUG PY 1992 VL 15 IS 4 BP 601 EP 604 DI 10.1109/33.159892 PG 4 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA JQ311 UT WOS:A1992JQ31100027 ER PT J AU SESSLER, GM DASGUPTA, DK DEREGGI, AS EISENMENGER, W FURUKAWA, T GIACOMETTI, JA GERHARDMULTHAUPT, R FARIA, RM FEDOSOV, SN BREHMER, L HILCZER, B SWORAKOWSKI, J WUBBENHORST, M XI, Y WEST, JE AF SESSLER, GM DASGUPTA, DK DEREGGI, AS EISENMENGER, W FURUKAWA, T GIACOMETTI, JA GERHARDMULTHAUPT, R FARIA, RM FEDOSOV, SN BREHMER, L HILCZER, B SWORAKOWSKI, J WUBBENHORST, M XI, Y WEST, JE TI PIEZO AND PYROELECTRICITY IN ELECTRETS - CAUSED BY CHARGES, DIPOLES, OR BOTH SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL INSULATION LA English DT Discussion ID FLUORIDE-TRIFLUOROETHYLENE COPOLYMER; VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE; POLYVINYLIDENE FLUORIDE; PVDF FILMS; POLY(VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE); POLARIZATION REVERSAL; SPACE-CHARGE; PIEZOELECTRICITY; BEHAVIOR; POLYMERS AB The very lively and stimulating discussion on the last day of the 7th International Symposium on Electrets was transcribed and edited from an audio tape in order to obtain a readable text. It was, however, attempted to preserve at least some of the original flavor of the discussion by not polishing the more colloquial style of the statements too much and by not eliminating all redundancies. If the results of this experiment are not totally satisfactory the editor (and not the discussion panelists or participants) is to be blamed. C1 UNIV WALES, SCH ELECTR ENGN SCI, BANGOR, GWYNEDD, WALES. NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD USA. UNIV STUTTGART, INST PHYS, W-7000 STUTTGART 80, GERMANY. INST PHYS & CHEM RES, WAKO, SAITAMA 351, JAPAN. UNIV SAO PAULO, INST PHYS & CHEM, BR-13560 SAO CARLOS, SP, BRAZIL. ODESSA TECHNOL INST, DEPT PHYS, ODESSA, UKRAINE, USSR. UNIV POTSDAM, THIN ORGAN FILMS RES GRP, POTSDAM, GERMANY. WROCLAW TECH UNIV, INST ORGAN & PHYS CHEM, PL-50370 WROCLAW, POLAND. TNO, PLAST & RUBBER RES INST, DELFT, NETHERLANDS. XIAN JIAO TONG UNIV, ELECTR MAT RES LAB, XIAN, PEOPLES R CHINA. AT&T BELL LABS, MURRAY HILL, NJ 07974 USA. RP SESSLER, GM (reprint author), TH DARMSTADT, INST ELECTROACOUST, W-6100 DARMSTADT, GERMANY. RI Giacometti, Jose Alberto/C-4634-2013; Wubbenhorst, Michael/I-2036-2012; Gerhard, Reimund/F-7099-2011; Mendonca Faria, Roberto/E-5998-2011 OI Wubbenhorst, Michael/0000-0002-4030-3925; Gerhard, Reimund/0000-0002-1306-2249; NR 34 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9367 J9 IEEE T ELECTR INSUL PD AUG PY 1992 VL 27 IS 4 BP 872 EP 897 PG 26 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA JK589 UT WOS:A1992JK58900033 ER PT J AU TOFANI, S ONDREJKA, AR KANDA, M HILL, DA AF TOFANI, S ONDREJKA, AR KANDA, M HILL, DA TI BISTATIC SCATTERING OF ABSORBING MATERIALS FROM 30 TO 1000 MHZ SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Article AB A wide-band time-domain reflectometer has been used to evaluate the bistatic performance of the scattering coefficient of rf/microwave absorbers. The scattering coefficient has been measured inside an anechoic chamber in the 30-1000 MHz frequency range in the case of specular reflection. The scattering coefficient increases with incidence angle, and the measurement accuracy is +/-2 dB. RP TOFANI, S (reprint author), NBS,DIV ELECTROMAGNET FIELDS,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 5 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9375 J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 34 IS 3 BP 304 EP 307 DI 10.1109/15.155846 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA KX605 UT WOS:A1992KX60500005 ER PT J AU ADAMS, JW CRUZ, J MELQUIST, D AF ADAMS, JW CRUZ, J MELQUIST, D TI COMPARISON MEASUREMENTS OF CURRENTS INDUCED BY RADIATION AND INJECTION SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Note DE BULK CURRENT; BULK CURRENT INJECTION; EMC MEASUREMENT METHODS; RADIATED SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Measurements that show significant differences between currents measured in individual wires of a bundle due to equal current excitations by external radiated fields or by bulk injection are reported. This raises concern whether bulk current injection is a reliable technique for EMC work. RP ADAMS, JW (reprint author), NBS,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 5 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9375 J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 34 IS 3 BP 360 EP 362 DI 10.1109/15.155856 PN 2 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA KX605 UT WOS:A1992KX60500015 ER PT J AU CRESSWELL, MW KHERA, D LINHOLM, LW SCHUSTER, CE AF CRESSWELL, MW KHERA, D LINHOLM, LW SCHUSTER, CE TI A DIRECTED-GRAPH CLASSIFIER OF SEMICONDUCTOR WAFER-TEST PATTERNS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article AB This paper describes a technique for training an expert system for semiconductor wafer fabrication process diagnosis. The technique partitions an existing set of electrically tested semiconductor wafers into groups so that all wafers within each group have similar spatial distributions of the electrical test data across selected die sites. The spatial distribution of test data from the selected die sites on each wafer is referred to as the test pattern of that wafer. The supposition is that test patterns reflect the known processing histories of the respective wafers. A directed graph that is developed by the partitioning algorithm then efficiently classifies a new incoming wafer to one of the groups established during partitioning on the basis of its test pattern. The distribution of known processing histories of wafers within the group to which the new incoming wafer is classified provides a provisional diagnosis of the incoming wafer's process history. Furthermore, the way in which similar known processing histories agglomerate within particular groups enables the formulation of rules for a diagnostic expert system. Intralevel isolation test-structure data are used to illustrate the principles of the construction of the directed graph. The technique is appropriate for any available test pattern, whether it is extracted from a test structure or from a functional integrated circuit device or from both. RP CRESSWELL, MW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV SEMICOND ELECTR,IC TECHNOL GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20889, USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0894-6507 J9 IEEE T SEMICONDUCT M JI IEEE Trans. Semicond. Manuf. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 5 IS 3 BP 255 EP 263 DI 10.1109/66.149817 PG 9 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA JH860 UT WOS:A1992JH86000011 ER PT J AU BURKHOLDER, JB MELLOUKI, A TALUKDAR, R RAVISHANKARA, AR AF BURKHOLDER, JB MELLOUKI, A TALUKDAR, R RAVISHANKARA, AR TI RATE COEFFICIENTS FOR THE REACTION OF OH WITH HONO BETWEEN 298-K AND 373-K SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; GASEOUS NITROUS-ACID; KINETICS; SPECTRUM; ATMOSPHERE; MECHANISM; N2O3; AIR; NO3 AB Rate coefficients, k1, for the reaction OH + HONO --> H2O + NO2, have been measured over the temperature range 298 to 373 K. The OH radicals were produced by 266 nm laser photolysis of O3 in the presence of a large excess of H2O vapor. The temporal profiles of OH were measured under pseudo-first-order conditions, in an excess of HONO, using time resolved laser induced fluorescence. The measured rate coefficient exhibits a slight negative temperature dependence, with k1 = (2.8 +/- 1.3) X 10(-12) exp((260 +/- 140)/T) cm3 molecule-1 s-1. The measured values of k1 are compared with previous determinations and the atmospheric implications of our findings are discussed. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP BURKHOLDER, JB (reprint author), NOAA,R E AL2,32S BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI TALUKDAR, RANAJIT/G-4530-2013; Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011; Mellouki, Abdelwahid/H-5219-2011 OI TALUKDAR, RANAJIT/0000-0001-6017-8431; Mellouki, Abdelwahid/0000-0002-6594-5262 NR 28 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0538-8066 J9 INT J CHEM KINET JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 24 IS 8 BP 711 EP 725 DI 10.1002/kin.550240805 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA JD430 UT WOS:A1992JD43000004 ER PT J AU RABIN, RM MCMURDIE, LA HAYDEN, CM WADE, GS AF RABIN, RM MCMURDIE, LA HAYDEN, CM WADE, GS TI LAYERED PRECIPITABLE WATER FROM THE INFRARED VAS SOUNDER DURING A RETURN-FLOW EVENT OVER THE GULF OF MEXICO SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON AIR-SEA INTERACTION AND AIRMASS MODIFICATION OVER THE GULF OF MEXICO CY JAN 07-09, 1991 CL GALVESTON, TX SP TEXAS INST OCEANOG, INST NAVAL OCEANOG, NATL WEATHER SERV, SO REG, COOPERAT INST APPL METEOROL STUDIES ID OPTIMIZED RETRIEVALS; SPLIT WINDOW; SATELLITE; CHANNELS; IMAGERY; FIELDS; LEVEL AB Spatial and temporal changes in the vertical distribution of atmospheric water vapor are investigated during a period following the intrusion of cold continental air over the Gulf of Mexico, during the Gulf of Mexico Experiment (GUFMEX) in February-March 1988. Infrared satellite measurements from the GOES (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) VISSR (Visible-infrared Spin Scan Radiometer) Atmospheric Sounder (VAS) are used to augment the sparse coverage of rawinsonde sites in the vicinity of the Gulf of Mexico. Precipitable water from two vertical layers, surface-850 and 850-250 mb, are estimated from the VAS and compared to those from rawinsonde observations. The accuracy of precipitable-water estimates in each vertical layer is less than that for the total precipitable water. However, improvements in the estimate of precipitable water for each layer are observed with respect to the profiles used in initializing the retrieval process. A consistent horizontal and temporal pattern of the vertical partition of water vapor between the lower and middle to upper troposphere is obtained from the analysis in both layers. A band of moist air that develops with return to southerly flow is common to both layers; however, the width of the band is more extensive in the lower layer. Drying to the rear of the band predominates in the upper layer while the lower layer remains quite moist. C1 NOAA,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,NORMAN,OK 73069. UNIV WISCONSIN,COOPERAT INST METEOROL SATELLITE STUDIES,MADISON,WI 53706. RP RABIN, RM (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE & DATA INFORMAT SERV,SYST DESIGN & APPLICAT BRANCH,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. RI Wade, Gary S./F-5630-2010 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 31 IS 8 BP 819 EP 830 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1992)031<0819:LPWFTI>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JH999 UT WOS:A1992JH99900003 ER PT J AU CRISP, CA LEWIS, JM AF CRISP, CA LEWIS, JM TI RETURN-FLOW IN THE GULF OF MEXICO .1. A CLASSIFICATORY APPROACH WITH A GLOBAL HISTORICAL-PERSPECTIVE SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON AIR-SEA INTERACTION AND AIRMASS MODIFICATION OVER THE GULF OF MEXICO CY JAN 07-09, 1991 CL GALVESTON, TX SP TEXAS INST OCEANOG, INST NAVAL OCEANOG, NATL WEATHER SERV, SO REG, COOPERAT INST APPL METEOROL STUDIES AB Return-flow events have been examined with the aid of a classification scheme that identifies each event with cold air masses that invade the Gulf during the cool season (February-March). These air masses were classified as either continental polar (cP), maritime polar (mP), or a mix of two or more of these basic types (MIX in future reference). Each event was viewed as a cycle in which the first phase represented an offshore flow typifying the cold-air outbreak over the Gulf and the second phase was associated with the return of modified air to the continent. Surface data for a 12-yr period, 1978-89, were used to make a statistical analysis of the event and each of its phases. The principal results of the study are 1) a total of 127 events occurred in this cool season over the 12-yr period. The relative percentages of mP, cP, and MIX air masses are 28%, 20%, and 52%, respectively. A median of 10.5 return-flow events occurred in the cool season where the MIX category was the dominant regime. The median duration for a return-flow cycle is 3.3, 5.2, and 6.2 days for mP, cP, and MIX, respectively, for the cool season. 2) The median duration of the offshore-flow phase for the cool season shows a wide range depending on airmass type with 30, 55, and 49 h as median times for mP, cP, and MIX, respectively. 3) The median duration of the return-flow phase for the cool season was significantly longer than the offshore-flow phase when all cases were examined en masse; but when the cases were segregated according to airmass type, the duration of the return flow for the cool season exhibited a wide range with 47, 57, and 62 h as median times for mP, cP and MIX, respectively. In order to view the return-flow events in the Gulf of Mexico from a wider perspective, a historical summary of research on this event and similar events around the world is included. RP CRISP, CA (reprint author), NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,1313 HALLEY CIRCLE,NORMAN,OK 73069, USA. NR 31 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 31 IS 8 BP 868 EP 881 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1992)031<0868:RFITGO>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JH999 UT WOS:A1992JH99900006 ER PT J AU LEWIS, JM CRISP, CA AF LEWIS, JM CRISP, CA TI RETURN-FLOW IN THE GULF OF MEXICO .2. VARIABILITY IN RETURN-FLOW THERMODYNAMICS INFERRED FROM TRAJECTORIES OVER THE GULF SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON AIR-SEA INTERACTION AND AIRMASS MODIFICATION OVER THE GULF OF MEXICO CY JAN 07-09, 1991 CL GALVESTON, TX SP TEXAS INST OCEANOG, INST NAVAL OCEANOG, NATL WEATHER SERV, SO REG, COOPERAT INST APPL METEOROL STUDIES ID SURFACE WIND; AIR AB A return-flow case study is examined with the benefit of an unprecedented set of observations obtained during the Gulf of Mexico Experiment (GUFMEX). This case represents the return of modified continental air to the coastal plain in mid-February, and the work is designed to complement the classificatory study of return flow that is found in the companion paper by Crisp and Lewis. Surface air trajectories are combined with land- and ocean-based upper-air data to methodically follow the airmass modification process from the exit point off the Gulf coastal plain to its subsequent entry point on land. Upper-air data from the U. S. Coast Guard (USCG) ship Salvia are especially valuable in this tracking process, but data from an oil platform at the edge of the continental shelf as well as special onshore observations, significantly contribute to a macroscopic tracking of air involved in the return flow. Results indicate that the warming and moistening process is complicated and requires careful assessment of both air-sea interaction processes and larger-scale vertical motion. The principal results are 1 ) the thermodynamic character of the returning air mass exhibits significant differences along the entire Gulf coast, and 2) the mixed-layer modeling theory appears to account for the warming and moistening processes for air in the central Gulf that tracks over the Loop Current. The processes determining the character and stratification of the air mass become very complicated, however, as the air approaches neutrally stable conditions and begins its northward track back toward land. The paper concludes with a synopsis of the airmass modification process built upon a composite chart that combines analyses from the various observational platforms. RP LEWIS, JM (reprint author), NOAA,RES LAB,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,1313 HALLEY CIRCLE,NORMAN,OK 73069, USA. NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 31 IS 8 BP 882 EP 898 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1992)031<0882:RFITGO>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JH999 UT WOS:A1992JH99900007 ER PT J AU LIU, QF LEWIS, JM SCHNEIDER, JM AF LIU, QF LEWIS, JM SCHNEIDER, JM TI A STUDY OF COLD-AIR MODIFICATION OVER THE GULF OF MEXICO USING INSITU DATA AND MIXED-LAYER MODELING SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON AIR-SEA INTERACTION AND AIRMASS MODIFICATION OVER THE GULF OF MEXICO CY JAN 07-09, 1991 CL GALVESTON, TX SP TEXAS INST OCEANOG, INST NAVAL OCEANOG, NATL WEATHER SERV, SO REG, COOPERAT INST APPL METEOROL STUDIES ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; DYNAMICS; ENTRAINMENT; INVERSION; PARAMETERIZATION; ENERGETICS; GROWTH AB The evolution of the mean characteristics of the marine boundary layer during cold-air outbreaks can be described with an integrated or slab model. In order to assess the practical applicability of this type of model to flows over the Gulf of Mexico, we use the observations collected during the Gulf of Mexico Experiment (GUFMEX) by an instrumented National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) P-3 aircraft and a Cross-chain Loran Atmospheric Sounding System (CLASS) onboard the U.S. Coast Guard vessel Salvia. The numerical results show that the model successfully reproduced the changes in mean characteristics of momentum, moisture, and temperature under unstable conditions. The largest differences between the predictions and measurements are 0.8-degrees-C for the potential temperature, 0.15 g kg-1 for the specific humidity, 47 m for the mixed-layer height, and 1.5 m s-1 for the horizontal velocity components. A sensitivity analysis shows that the modeled mixed-layer height is slightly sensitive to changes in the specified sea surface temperature, while the other mean characteristics are relatively insensitive to the input parameters. Based upon the results of this single case study, the slab model appears to be a promising approach to account for the moistening and heating processes at the air-sea interface during cold-air outbreaks over the Gulf of Mexico. C1 UNIV OKLAHOMA,COOPERAT INST MESOSCALE METEOROL STUDIES,NORMAN,OK 73019. NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,NORMAN,OK 73069. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 31 IS 8 BP 909 EP 924 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1992)031<0909:ASOCAM>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JH999 UT WOS:A1992JH99900009 ER PT J AU WEISS, SJ AF WEISS, SJ TI SOME ASPECTS OF FORECASTING SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS DURING COOL-SEASON RETURN-FLOW EPISODES SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON AIR-SEA INTERACTION AND AIRMASS MODIFICATION OVER THE GULF OF MEXICO CY JAN 07-09, 1991 CL GALVESTON, TX SP TEXAS INST OCEANOG, INST NAVAL OCEANOG, NATL WEATHER SERV, SO REG, COOPERAT INST APPL METEOROL STUDIES ID NATIONAL-METEOROLOGICAL-CENTER; MIXED-LAYER INVERSION; SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; LOW-LEVEL JET; SURFACE ANTICYCLONE ERRORS; SYNOPTIC CLIMATOLOGY; PREDICTION MODELS; CYCLONE ERRORS; WINTER SEASON; NMC AB Historically, the Gulf of Mexico has been considered a primary source of water vapor that influences the weather for much of the United States east of the Rocky Mountains. Although severe thunderstorms and tornadoes occur most frequently during the spring and summer months, the periodic transport of Gulf moisture inland ahead of traveling baroclinic waves can result in significant severe-weather episodes during the cool season. To gain insight into the short-range skill in forecasting surface synoptic patterns associated with moisture return from the Gulf, operational numerical weather prediction models from the National Meteorological Center were examined. Sea level pressure fields from the Limited-Area Fine-Mesh Model (LFM), Nested Grid Model (NGM), and the aviation (AVN) run of the Global Spectral Model, valid 48 h after initial data time, were evaluated for three cool-season cases that preceded severe local storm outbreaks. The NGM and AVN provided useful guidance in forecasting the onset of return flow along the Gulf coast. There was a slight tendency for these models to be slightly slow in the development of return flow. In contrast, the LFM typically overforecasts the occurrence of return flow and tends to "open the Gulf" from west to east too quickly. Although the low-level synoptic pattern may be forecast correctly, the overall prediction process is hampered by a data void over the Gulf. It is hypothesized that when the return-flow moisture is located over the Gulf, model forecasts of stability and the resultant operational severe local storm forecasts are less skillful compared to situations when the moisture has spread inland already. This hypothesis is tested by examining the performance of the initial second-day (day 2) severe thunderstorm outlook issued by the National Severe Storms Forecast Center during the Gulf of Mexico Experiment (GUFMEX) in early 1988. It has been found that characteristically different air masses were present along the Gulf coast prior to the issuance of outlooks that accurately predicted the occurrence of severe thunderstorms versus outlooks that did not verify well. Unstable air masses with ample low-level moisture were in place along the coast prior to the issuance of the "good" day 2 outlooks. whereas relatively dry, stable air masses were present before the issuance of "false-alarm" outlooks. In the latter cases. large errors in the NGM 48-h lifted-index predictions were located north of the Gulf coast. RP WEISS, SJ (reprint author), NOAA,NATL SEVERE STORMS FORECAST CTR,ROOM 1728,FED BLDG,KANSAS CITY,MO 64106, USA. NR 48 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 31 IS 8 BP 964 EP 982 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1992)031<0964:SAOFST>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JH999 UT WOS:A1992JH99900013 ER PT J AU APELL, SP PENN, DR STILES, MD AF APELL, SP PENN, DR STILES, MD TI THEORY OF PHOTOINDUCED RESONANT TUNNELING IN HETEROJUNCTIONS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Note ID FREQUENCY LIMIT; OSCILLATORS; DIODES; VOLTAGE AB The theoretical basis for understanding photo-assisted resonant tunneling is generally taken to be the theory by Tien and Gordon [Phys. Rev. 129, 647 (1963)] in which the effect of a photon field on an energy state is to create sidebands at multiples of the photon energy. An alternative mechanism in which bulk photoabsorption is the photoexcitation mechanism is discussed. The two theories take the same form in the weak-field limit, and an expression is given for the relative size of tunneling currents. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP APELL, SP (reprint author), CHALMERS UNIV TECHNOL,INST THEORET PHYS,S-41296 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. RI Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012 OI Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 1992 VL 72 IS 3 BP 1175 EP 1177 DI 10.1063/1.351797 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA JF868 UT WOS:A1992JF86800054 ER PT J AU FORNEY, D THOMPSON, WE JACOX, ME AF FORNEY, D THOMPSON, WE JACOX, ME TI THE VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA OF MOLECULAR-IONS ISOLATED IN SOLID NEON .9. HCN+, HNC+, AND CN- SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY ELECTRON-SCATTERING; CATION RADICALS; SPECTROSCOPIC PROPERTIES; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; ABINITIO CALCULATIONS; SPIN-RESONANCE; BAND; PHOTOELECTRON; STABILITY; GEOMETRY AB When a Ne:HCN sample is codeposited at approximately 5 K with a beam of neon atoms that have been excited in a microwave discharge, infrared absorptions of HNC, HCN+, and CN- appear. The absorptions of HNC isolated in solid neon are considerably closer to the gasphase band centers than are the previously reported argon-matrix absorptions. The CH-stretching fundamental of HCN+ is identified, and the two stretching force constants of HCN+ are determined, using the isotopic data obtained in this study and the CN-stretching frequencies of HCN+ and DCN+ obtained in earlier photoelectron spectroscopic studies. In the inert, nonpolar environment provided by the neon matrix, the infrared absorption of CN- appears at 2053.1 cm-1, very close to the position obtained in two recent ab initio calculations. HCN+ photoisomerizes to HNC+ with a threshold in the near-infrared spectral region, consistent with an earlier ab initio calculation of the position of the transition state for this process. The reverse photoisomerization has also been observed at somewhat higher energies. All three vibrational fundamentals of HNC+ have been identified, and the stretching force constants have been determined. In all but the most dilute samples, HCNH+ is also stabilized in detectable amounts. Electron photodetachment from CN- results in charge neutralization of HCN+ and HCNH+ and in growth of the infrared absorption of CN. C1 US DEPT COMMERCE,TECHNOL ADM,WASHINGTON,DC 20230. RP FORNEY, D (reprint author), NIST,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 61 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 1992 VL 97 IS 3 BP 1664 EP 1674 DI 10.1063/1.463963 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA JE891 UT WOS:A1992JE89100007 ER PT J AU SHORTER, JH CASASSA, MP KING, DS AF SHORTER, JH CASASSA, MP KING, DS TI FRAGMENT STATE CORRELATIONS IN THE DISSOCIATION OF NO.HF(V=1) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-OXIDE DIMER; RESOLUTION INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; VIBRATIONAL-ENERGY FLOW; NO DIMER; COMPLEXES; HF; PREDISSOCIATION; PHOTODISSOCIATION; DYNAMICS; DOPPLER AB The NO(upsilon,J)-fragment population distributions and recoil energies were measured for the vibrational predissociation of NO.HF following excitation of the H-F stretch. Most of the available energy appears in NO vibration and/or HF rotation. There is little recoil momentum. All NO(upsilon,J) fragments are formed with near delta-function recoil kinetic energies, correlated with HF fragments in a single rotational level. Two dissociation channels proceed with similar probability to produce NO(upsilon = 0) and NO(upsilon = 1). Only two rotational levels of HF are populated. One of the HF rotational states is correlated exclusively with NO(upsilon = 0) fragments, the other is paired with NO(upsilon = 1) fragments. Constraints on fragment angular momenta as well as energetics appear important for the dissociation dynamics. The presence of significant amounts of vibrationally excited NO fragments, in the absence of observable spectroscopic perturbations, implies that intramolecular vibrational redistribution proceeds as the dimer dissociates. The data support two possibilities for the NO.HF dimer bond energy: (1) D0 = 448 +/- 5 cm-1 with coincident pairs of fragments NO(upsilon = 0) + HF(J = 12) and NO(upsilon = 1) + HF(J = 8); (2) D0 = 1769 +/- 10 cm-1 with J(HF) = 9 and 2, respectively. C1 AERODYNE RES INC, BILLERICA, MA 01821 USA. US DEPT COMMERCE, TECHNOL ADM, PHYS LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20230 USA. RP SHORTER, JH (reprint author), NIST, DIV MOLEC PHYS, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 35 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 1992 VL 97 IS 3 BP 1824 EP 1831 DI 10.1063/1.463170 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA JE891 UT WOS:A1992JE89100023 ER PT J AU EHRENDORFER, M MURPHY, AH AF EHRENDORFER, M MURPHY, AH TI EVALUATION OF PROTOTYPICAL CLIMATE FORECASTS - THE SUFFICIENCY RELATION SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID VERIFICATION AB The sufficiency relation, originally developed in the context of the comparison of statistical experiments, provides a sound basis for the comparative evaluation of forecasting systems. The importance of this relation resides in the fact that if forecasting system A can be shown to be sufficient for forecasting system B, then all users will find A's forecasts of greater value than B's forecasts regardless of their individual payoff structures. In this paper the sufficiency relation is applied to the problem of comparative evaluation of prototypical climate forecasting systems. The primary objectives here are to assess the basic applicability of the sufficiency relation in this context and to investigate the implications of this approach for the relationships among the performance characteristics of such forecasting systems. The results confirm that forecasting system A is sufficient for forecasting system B when the former uses more extreme probabilities more frequently than the latter. Further, in terms of the relatively simple forecasting systems considered here, it is found that system A may be sufficient for system B even if the former uses extreme forecasts less frequently, provided that A's forecasts are-to a certain degree-more extreme than B's forecasts. Conversely, system A cannot be shown to be sufficient for system B if the former uses less extreme forecasts more frequently than the latter. The advantages of the sufficiency relation over traditional performance measures in this context are also demonstrated. Several issues related to the general applicability of the sufficiency relation to the comparative evaluation of climate forecasts are discussed. Possible extensions of this work, as well as some implications of the results for verification procedures and practices in this context, are briefly described. C1 NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,NATL METEOROL CTR,NATL WEATHER SERV,UCAR VISITING SCI PROGRAM,WASHINGTON,DC 20233. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT STAT,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. RP EHRENDORFER, M (reprint author), UNIV VIENNA,INST METEOROL & GEOPHYS,HOHE WARTE 38,A-1190 VIENNA,AUSTRIA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 5 IS 8 BP 876 EP 887 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1992)005<0876:EOPCFT>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KF231 UT WOS:A1992KF23100009 ER PT J AU CONLAN, KE CHESS, JR AF CONLAN, KE CHESS, JR TI PHYLOGENY AND ECOLOGY OF A KELP-BORING AMPHIPOD, PERAMPHITHOE-STYPOTRUPETES, NEW SPECIES (COROPHIOIDEA - AMPITHOIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PELVETIA-FASTIGIATA; HERBIVORES; BEHAVIOR; BATE AB A new species of ampithoid amphipod has been found which bores into and occupies the interior of abraded stipes of kelps on the Pacific coast of North America. Adult bisexual pairs cohabit the stipes with their offspring of several generations. Peramphithoe stypotrupetes, new species, is diagnosed, illustrated, and its boring habits are described. The type for the genus, Peramphithoe femorata (Kroyer, 1845), is redescribed and illustrated, and compared with the new species. Peramphithoe stypotrupetes can be distinguished from P. femorata and other eastern Pacific species of the genus by its shorter pair of first antennae and narrower pereiopod 3 and 4 bases. Relationships are compared cladistically and biogeographically, and presented in a key. C1 SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,TIBURON LAB,TIBURON,CA 94920. RP CONLAN, KE (reprint author), CANADIAN MUSEUM NAT,POB 3443,STN D,OTTAWA K1P 6P4,ONTARIO,CANADA. NR 36 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 SN 0278-0372 J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 12 IS 3 BP 410 EP 422 DI 10.2307/1549035 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA JG952 UT WOS:A1992JG95200010 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, AB WAHLE, R AF WILLIAMS, AB WAHLE, R TI DISTINGUISHING JUVENILE STAGES OF JONAH AND ATLANTIC ROCK CRABS, CANCER-BOREALIS AND C-IRRORATUS (DECAPODA, CANCRIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The Jonah crab Cancer borealis and the Atlantic rock crab C. irroratus occur together in waters of the continental shelf and slope of the northwestern Atlantic Ocean between southeastern Canada and southeastern Florida, U.S.A. Characters that distinguish superficially similar juveniles of these species are presented. At carapace widths less than about 20 mm, juveniles can be distinguished by: (1) edges of the anterolateral teeth and orbital margins, granular in C. irroratus, serrate in C. borealis; (2) shape of the outer orbital tooth, rounded to more or less rectangular and coalesced with adjacent anterolateral tooth in C. irroratus, but with these teeth sharply pointed and well separated in C. borealis; and (3) surface of carapace, relatively smooth in C. irroratus, but granular and setose in C. borealis. Comparative illustrations are given. C1 BROWN UNIV,PROGRAM ECOL & EVOLUT BIOL,PROVIDENCE,RI 02912. RP WILLIAMS, AB (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SYSTEMAT LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 5 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 SN 0278-0372 J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 12 IS 3 BP 464 EP 466 DI 10.2307/1549040 PG 3 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA JG952 UT WOS:A1992JG95200015 ER PT J AU BROUWER, M ENGEL, DW BONAVENTURA, J JOHNSON, GA AF BROUWER, M ENGEL, DW BONAVENTURA, J JOHNSON, GA TI INVIVO MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-IMAGING OF THE BLUE-CRAB, CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS - EFFECT OF CADMIUM ACCUMULATION IN TISSUES ON PROTON RELAXATION PROPERTIES SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COPPER-METALLOTHIONEIN; HOMARUS-AMERICANUS; BINDING PROTEINS; METAL REGULATION; METABOLISM; GLUTATHIONE; HEMOCYANIN; MICROSCOPY; LOBSTER; RAT AB Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to visualize the internal anatomy of a living blue crab. The resolution obtained in these studies was sufficient to distinguish individual organs by the differences in their proton densities and proton relaxation properties. T1 (spin-lattice relaxation time)-weighted imaging revealed the lipid-rich nature of the hepatopancreas and gonadal tissue. To evaluate the effect of metal-induced stress on the different organs, crabs were exposed to elevated levels of cadmium in their diet, which resulted in increased concentrations of both cadmium and copper in the hepatopancreas. The spin-spin relaxation time, T2, of mobile protons in the metal-exposed tissue was significantly greater than T2 in the control tissues. These measurements suggest that the excess copper in the exposed tissues was diamagnetic [Cu(I)], since the presence of paramagnetic copper [Cu(II)] would result in a decrease of observed T2 values. We hypothesize that the increased T2 value is a reflection of increased free water in the hepatopancreas. These studies show that magnetic resonance imaging is an important nondestructive tool for the study of morphological and physiological changes that occur in marine invertebrates in response to anthropogenic and natural stresses. C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NOAA,BEAUFORT LAB,BEAUFORT,NC 28516. DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT RADIOL,DURHAM,NC 27710. RP BROUWER, M (reprint author), DUKE UNIV,MARINE LAB,CTR MARINE BIOMED,BEAUFORT,NC 28516, USA. OI Johnson, G.Allan/0000-0002-7606-5447 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES 04074, ES 01908, ES 04187] NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0022-104X J9 J EXP ZOOL JI J. Exp. Zool. PD AUG 1 PY 1992 VL 263 IS 1 BP 32 EP 40 DI 10.1002/jez.1402630105 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA JF660 UT WOS:A1992JF66000004 PM 1645119 ER PT J AU PEREIRA, JJ LEWIS, EJ SPALLONE, RL SWORD, C AF PEREIRA, JJ LEWIS, EJ SPALLONE, RL SWORD, C TI BIFURCATION OF GILL FILAMENTS IN WINTER FLOUNDER (PLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS WALBAUM) FROM LONG-ISLAND SOUND SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS; GILLS; BIFURCATIONS; CONTAMINATION; AGE C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,OXFORD LAB,OXFORD,MD 21654. BUNNELL HIGH SCH,STRATFORD,CT 06497. RP PEREIRA, JJ (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,MILFORD LAB,212 ROGERS AVE,MILFORD,CT 06460, USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 41 IS 2 BP 327 EP 338 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1992.tb02661.x PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA JJ067 UT WOS:A1992JJ06700014 ER PT J AU RUGH, DJ MILLER, GW WITHROW, DE KOSKI, WR AF RUGH, DJ MILLER, GW WITHROW, DE KOSKI, WR TI CALVING INTERVALS OF BOWHEAD WHALES ESTABLISHED THROUGH PHOTOGRAPHIC IDENTIFICATIONS SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE BALAENA; REPRODUCTION; CALVING INTERVAL; REMOTE SENSING AB Three bowhead whales were found with calves more than once in interyear comparisons of aerial photographs. These indicated calving intervals of 4, 4, and 7 years, the first such direct evidence. C1 LGL LTD,KING CITY L0G 1K0,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP RUGH, DJ (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MAMMALOGISTS PI PROVO PA BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV, DEPT OF ZOOLOGY, PROVO, UT 84602 SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 73 IS 3 BP 487 EP 490 DI 10.2307/1382014 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA JK336 UT WOS:A1992JK33600003 ER PT J AU OEV, LY EZER, T MELLOR, GL CHEN, P AF OEV, LY EZER, T MELLOR, GL CHEN, P TI A MODEL STUDY OF BUMP INDUCED WESTERN BOUNDARY CURRENT VARIABILITIES SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB A time-dependent, three-dimensional numerical model is used to study the effects of a bottom irregularity or ''bump'' on western boundary current (WBC) variabilities along a simplified shelf and slope. Numerical experiments with (i) no bottom bump, (ii) a small bump and (iii) a large bump have been conducted. Case (i) produces low variabilities and cases (ii) and (iii) show significant increase in slope and shelf energetics both downstream and upstream of the bump. Disturbances generated at the bump are well correlated with flow variabilities upstream. Downstream variabilities are caused by meander development following the WBC deflection by the bump, while topographic waves excite upstream variabilities. The model also indicates two modes of deflection paths, small- and large-amplitude paths, downstream of the bump. These findings are further supported by results obtained from a Gulf Stream simulation which incorporates the bathymetry of the U.S. South Atlantic Bight, and which has a more realistic boundary forcing. The simulated eddy kinetic energy distribution shows three regions of variability which are of interest: one inshore (and slightly downstream) and one offshore of the Charleston Bump, and a third region over the shelfbreak some 150-200 km upstream of the Bump. The inshore and offshore maxima are due to the small and large amplitude deflection paths of the model Gulf Stream, respectively, while the upstream maximum is presumably due to topographic wave activity. RP OEV, LY (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,PROGRAM ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI,SAYRE HALL,FORRESTAL CAMPUS,PRINCETON,NJ 08544, USA. OI Ezer, Tal/0000-0002-2018-6071 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 3 IS 4-5 BP 321 EP 342 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA KN684 UT WOS:A1992KN68400003 ER PT J AU OEY, LY ZHANG, YH CHEN, P AF OEY, LY ZHANG, YH CHEN, P TI SIMULATION OF THE NORWEGIAN COASTAL CURRENT IN THE VICINITY OF THE HALTEN BANK - COMPARISON WITH OBSERVATIONS AND PROCESS STUDY OF BANK-INDUCED MEANDERS SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB Results from a high-resolUtion, three-dimensional, real-time simulation of the Norwegian Coastal Current are compared at six current meter moorings deployed during March 1988 in the vicinity of the Halten Bank. The simulation was initialised from a set of fairly arbitrary velocity and density fields. The objectives are to examine (i) how accurately the results reproduce the observed means and variabilities, and (ii) how the dominant flow dynamics may be explained in term of the circulation produced by unstable baroclinic meanders over topography. The simulation reproduces the means fairly well; the rms errors are less than 34% in five of the six moorings for the east/west velocity component, and are less than 32% in three moorings for the north/south component. The agreements in current variabilities are good only at three moorings, for which an averaged rms error of about 22% was obtained. At the other three moorings, the largest errors for the variabilities occur in the subsurface, where energetics are underestimated by as much as 60% or more in the simulation. The discrepancies are most likely due to insufficient vertical resolution, which results in a poor representation of the baroclinic structure, and also due to the smoothed topography used in the simulation. On the other hand, a meander upstream of the Halten Bank on March 26, 1988, is reproduced well by the model. The simulation suggests that the meander is a result of amplification of waves and eddies shed from a smaller bank upstream of the Halten Bank through dynamic instability. A process-oriented simulation has been conducted to support this hypothesis. RP OEY, LY (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,PROGRAM ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI,SAYRE HALL,FORRESTAL CAMPUS,PRINCETON,NJ 08544, USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 3 IS 4-5 BP 391 EP 416 DI 10.1016/0924-7963(92)90012-W PG 26 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA KN684 UT WOS:A1992KN68400006 ER PT J AU MOLNAR, B CHI, P SIMONS, D AF MOLNAR, B CHI, P SIMONS, D TI SILICON CROSS DOPING AND ITS EFFECT ON THE SI OR BE IMPLANTATION DOPING OF GALLIUM-ARSENIDE GROWN ON (100) SILICON BY METALORGANIC CHEMICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GAAS-ON-SI; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; PHASE EPITAXY; INTERFACES; DIFFUSION AB A study of the cross doping of GaAs layers grown by a two-step metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on Si substrates is reported. All as-grown, unintentionally doped layers of GaAs were n-type, and the carrier profiles tracked the Si atomic profiles. Furnace annealing at 850-degrees-C for 30 min in an arsine overpressure, which is used to improve the crystalline quality of the GaAs near the heterointerface, caused additional Si to diffuse into the GaAs layer. Comparison of the Si concentration at the interface with the carrier concentration suggested the presence of compensating acceptors. Resonance Raman scattering by the Si(As) local vibrational mode near the interface shows that a fraction of the Si atoms are localized at the As sites. The furnace annealing increased the Si concentration in the 1.7-1.8-mu-m thick initially grown GaAs layer. This, in turn, influenced the electrical profiles created with Si or Be implantation on a 2.3-mu-m thick GaAs layer. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP MOLNAR, B (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MC KNIGHT ROAD SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 7 IS 8 BP 2186 EP 2193 DI 10.1557/JMR.1992.2186 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA JH823 UT WOS:A1992JH82300030 ER PT J AU SCHAEFER, DW OLIVIER, BJ ASHLEY, CS RICHTER, D FARAGO, B FRICK, B HRUBESH, L VANBOMMEL, MJ LONG, G KRUEGER, S AF SCHAEFER, DW OLIVIER, BJ ASHLEY, CS RICHTER, D FARAGO, B FRICK, B HRUBESH, L VANBOMMEL, MJ LONG, G KRUEGER, S TI STRUCTURE AND TOPOLOGY OF SILICA AEROGELS SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article ID GELS; FRACTALS; POLYMERS; DENSITY; STATES AB Neutron spin-echo spectroscopy is used to study the topology of aerogels. Topology or connectivity is varied through precursor chemistry and thermal annealing. Topology is characterized using the concept of fractons (the vibrational excitations of a fractal network). A qualitative difference is observed in the spectrum of polymeric vs. colloidal aerogels, the latter showing a peak in the density of vibrational states. For colloidal aerogels whose structure appears to arise from phase separation in the solution precursor, low-energy excitations were only observed in the lowest density material studied. Finally. a transition from fractal to colloidal microstructure was observed during the sintering of polymeric aerogels. This transformation revealed itself as a transition from a fracton-like to a peaked density of states function. C1 FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH, INST FESTKORPERFORSCH, W-5170 JULICH 1, GERMANY. INST MAX VON LAUE PAUL LANGEVIN, F-38042 GRENOBLE, FRANCE. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. PHILIPS RES LABS, 5600 JA EINDHOVEN, NETHERLANDS. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20879 USA. RP SCHAEFER, DW (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87185 USA. RI Frick, Bernhard/C-2756-2011; Farago, Bela/H-4544-2012; Richter, Dieter/H-3701-2013 OI Richter, Dieter/0000-0003-0719-8470 NR 23 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD AUG PY 1992 VL 145 IS 1-3 BP 105 EP 112 DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(05)80438-7 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA JK837 UT WOS:A1992JK83700019 ER PT J AU SIMMONS, JA DRESCHERKRASICKA, E WADLEY, HNG AF SIMMONS, JA DRESCHERKRASICKA, E WADLEY, HNG TI LEAKY AXISYMMETRICAL MODES IN INFINITE CLAD RODS .1. SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID WAVES AB A detailed computational study is presented for the radial-axial modes-both leaky and nonleaky-in an infinitely clad isotropic rods. The complex phase velocities of leaky modes are located using an application of the argument principle. Particle orbits are determined, and leaky modes are shown to have an asymptotic leakage angle away from the interface. By using the homotopic methods of varying densities and elastic constants, clad-rod modes are compared with those in a bare rod. The topology of the clad-rod mode dispersion diagram differs qualitatively from that of a bare rod, even when the cladding has negligible density, with no velocity cutoffs and with wave mode knitting. Comparison is also given with modes occurring in a cladding without a rod present (a tunnel) and for a planar interface. Most leaky modes can be correlated with rod modes; only a limited number of tunnel modes exist. Energy flow contours within modes are also calculated. The local energy velocity, which generalizes group velocity, can vary considerably in the radial direction for bare rod modes. For leaky modes the contours are quite complex due to the cylindrical geometry, giving rise to apparent shift in wave position across the interface. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. RP SIMMONS, JA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MET,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 20 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 92 IS 2 BP 1061 EP 1090 DI 10.1121/1.404036 PN 1 PG 30 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA JG992 UT WOS:A1992JG99200047 ER PT J AU DRESCHERKRASICKA, E SIMMONS, JA AF DRESCHERKRASICKA, E SIMMONS, JA TI LEAKY AXISYMMETRICAL MODES IN INFINITE CLAD RODS .2. SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID INTERFACE WAVES AB When a guided ultrasonic interface wave travels along the interface between two materials, acoustic energy is radiated from each point on the interface, producing a displacement field at the outer surface of the material. We show how this unique feature of guided interface waves may be used for metal-metal and metal-ceramic interface studies. The propagation parameters of these waves were measured and several of these modes were used to obtain direct acoustic images of the interfaces between two solids. RP DRESCHERKRASICKA, E (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 92 IS 2 BP 1091 EP 1105 DI 10.1121/1.404037 PN 1 PG 15 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA JG992 UT WOS:A1992JG99200048 ER PT J AU LIN, ZC ONDOV, JM KELLY, WR PAULSEN, PJ STEVENS, RK AF LIN, ZC ONDOV, JM KELLY, WR PAULSEN, PJ STEVENS, RK TI TAGGING DIESEL AND RESIDENTIAL OIL FURNACE EMISSIONS IN ROANOKE, VIRGINIA, WITH ENRICHED ISOTOPES OF SAMARIUM SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; AEROSOL AB Stable isotopic tracers were used in Roanoke, Virginia, to tag particulate emissions from diesel trucks and residential oil furnaces, two sources of soot and PAHs which cannot be differentiated on the basis of known constituents. Approximately 1.6 g of enriched Sm-149 were used to tag 264 m3 of diesel fuel burned by the city bus and truck fleets; 0.39 g of Sm-150 were used to tag 106 m3 of residential heating oil. Picogram amounts of the tracers were determined simultaneously by thermalionization mass spectrometry in fine particles collected within the city at signal-to-noise ratios as large as 6000. These results demonstrate the feasibility of tracing particles from multiple combustion sources with stable, separated isotopes. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,TECHNOL ADM,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP LIN, ZC (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,COLL PK,MD 20742, USA. RI Ondov, John/B-6605-2009 NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 42 IS 8 BP 1057 EP 1062 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JK816 UT WOS:A1992JK81600005 ER PT J AU HILL, RJ OCHS, GR AF HILL, RJ OCHS, GR TI SURFACE-LAYER SIMILARITY OF THE TEMPERATURE STRUCTURE PARAMETER SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID INNER SCALE; TURBULENCE; MOISTURE; FLUXES; HEAT AB The temperature structure parameter at two heights over a horizontally homogeneous site was measured using optical scintillometers and resistance-wire thermometers. The scintillometers gave systematically greater values than did the wire thermometers, as would be expected on the basis of the likely systematic errors of these two different instruments. Eddy correlation measurements of heat and momentum fluxes, as well as momentum flux derived from surface roughness and wind speed, allow investigation of the Monin-Obukhov similarity of the temperature structure parameter. The similarity is confirmed and compared with previous experiments. The data are mostly for unstable conditions. Disagreement between two previous datasets is resolved. RP NOAA, ENVIRONM SERV, WAVE PROPAGAT LAB, PROPAGAT STUDIES PROGRAM AREA, 325 BROADWAY, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG 1 PY 1992 VL 49 IS 15 BP 1348 EP 1353 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1992)049<1348:SLSOTT>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JF328 UT WOS:A1992JF32800005 ER PT J AU HILL, RJ OCHS, GR AF HILL, RJ OCHS, GR TI INNER-SCALE DEPENDENCE OF SCINTILLATION VARIANCES MEASURED IN WEAK SCINTILLATION SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-SCINTILLATION; TURBULENCE; SPECTRUM AB We report results of an experiment in which scintillation variances of log intensity are measured simultaneously with micrometeorological measurements. The latter give four methods for estimating the turbulence inner scale. The propagation path was short, 150 m, such that weak scintillation occurred. The variances were from an effective spherical-wave transmitter and point receiver as well as a large, phase-incoherent transmitter with a similar receiver. We show that the former variance arises from the dissipation range of the refractive-index spectrum and the latter from the spectral bump that lies at the high-wave-number end of the inertial range. When an inner scale deduced from micrometeorological measurements is used, the ratio of these scintillation variances agrees well with theoretical predictions that use an accurate model of the refractive-index spectrum. The measurements extend deeper into the dissipation range than previous similar measurements, further verifying this spectrum model. The measurements from a wide variety of micrometeorological conditions all lie on a single theoretical curve, verifying the universality of small-scale turbulence. C1 NOAA,WAVE PROPAGAT LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP HILL, RJ (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LABS,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 9 IS 8 BP 1406 EP 1411 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.9.001406 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA JF103 UT WOS:A1992JF10300024 ER PT J AU DUGUAY, SJ PARK, LK SAMADPOUR, M DICKHOFF, WW AF DUGUAY, SJ PARK, LK SAMADPOUR, M DICKHOFF, WW TI NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE AND TISSUE DISTRIBUTION OF 3 INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-I PROHORMONES IN SALMON SO MOLECULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MESSENGER RIBONUCLEIC-ACIDS; SOMATOMEDIN-LIKE ACTIVITY; WI-38 HUMAN-FIBROBLASTS; SECONDARY-STRUCTURE; XENOPUS-LAEVIS; IGF-I; PRECURSOR; EXPRESSION; GENE; RNA AB Tissue distribution and potential alternative splicing of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) messenger RNA were studied using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on RNA from several tissues at various stages of the life cycle of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). DNA sequence analysis of RT-PCR products revealed three IGF-I mRNA transcripts, designated Ea-1, Ea-2, and Ea-3, which code for three distinct prohormones, IGF-IA-1, IGF-IA-2, and IGF-IA-3, respectively. The E-domain of proIGF-IA-1 is 35 amino acids long and shares 77% sequence identity with the E-domain of human prolGF-IA, which is also 35 amino acids long. The proIGF-IA-2 and proIGF-IA-3 E-domains are homologous to the proIGF-IA-1 E-domain but contain 27 and 39 amino acid inserts, respectively, between Lys86 and Glu87. In the human IGF-I gene Lys86 is coded by exon 4 and Glu87 is coded by exon 6. This suggests that Ea-2 and Ea-3 transcripts may be the result of alternative splicing during pre-mRNA processing. All three transcripts were readily detectable using a solution hybridization/RNase protection assay. Furthermore, RT-PCR and DNA sequencing analysis indicate the presence of three IGF-I prohormones in another member of the Salmonidae family, the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). An analysis of IGF-I and -II E-domains from several vertebrates suggests that certain chemical and physical properties of the molecule are well conserved despite wide variations in primary structure. Ea-1, Ea-2, and Ea-3 transcripts were found in whole embryos, and liver, muscle, and brain of juvenile and adult salmon. At least one IGF-I transcript was found in heart, kidney, testes, ovary, adipose tissue, and spleen of juvenile salmon. These results indicate that IGF-I is expressed during embryonic development of fish, and that most tissues are capable of IGF-I mRNA production. These data also indicate that pre-mRNA transcripts can be alternatively spliced to yield at least three prohormones. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON, SCH PUBL HLTH & COMMUNITY MED, DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, NW FISHERIES SCI CTR, SEATTLE, WA 98112 USA. RP DUGUAY, SJ (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON, SCH FISHERIES, HF-15, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. NR 37 TC 85 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0888-8809 J9 MOL ENDOCRINOL JI Mol. Endocrinol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 6 IS 8 BP 1202 EP 1210 DI 10.1210/me.6.8.1202 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA JL963 UT WOS:A1992JL96300004 PM 1406698 ER PT J AU DOUGLAS, MW AF DOUGLAS, MW TI STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF 2 MONSOON DEPRESSIONS .1. OBSERVED STRUCTURE SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SUMMER MONSOON; ONSET; BAY AB Part I of a two-pan paper describes the wind, thickness, and cloud-field evolution of two monsoon depressions observed during the 1979 Summer Monsoon Experiment (SMONEX). One depression was associated with the June Arabian Sea monsoon onset; the other formed over the Bay of Bengal in early July. The wind-field analyses showed the southwesterly tilt with height of both depressions. Using the subjectively produced wind-field analyses, height and thickness fields were derived using the balance equation. The thickness fields clearly showed the evolution of key features of both depressions, such as the development of a cold lower troposphere southwest of the depression's surface center and the upper-tropospheric warm-air pool above the region of maximum rainfall, west of the surface center. East-west cross sections showed that the thermal anomalies associated with both depressions tilted westward with height. Mesoscale analyses using research aircraft data showed that key structures evident from the synoptic-scale analyses were also reflected in the mesoscale structure of the depressions. Notable was a feature resembling a weak tropical cyclone eye during the mature stage of both depressions. C1 COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO. RP DOUGLAS, MW (reprint author), NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,RENS1,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 120 IS 8 BP 1524 EP 1547 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<1524:SADOTM>2.0.CO;2 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JF238 UT WOS:A1992JF23800003 ER PT J AU DOUGLAS, MW AF DOUGLAS, MW TI STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF 2 MONSOON DEPRESSIONS .2. VORTICITY AND HEAT BUDGETS SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article AB This paper discusses selected aspects of the vorticity and thermal fields of the two depressions described in Part I. The growth rate of the onset vortex is shown to be about three times that of the July depression. The most significant difference between the evolution of the two depressions lay in the growth rate at 500 mb, with the onset vortex showing a large vorticity increase and the July monsoon depression only a small increase. Vorticity budgets of the rain areas west of each depression's center showed that the observed westward motion of the depressions resulted from dominance of the divergence term in the lower troposphere. Heat-budget calculations for the rain areas showed an approximate balance between warm advection and adiabatic cooling at 850 mb, though diabatic heating was large above this level. For both depressions the region of maximum rainfall was coincident with the location of the maximum warm advection in the lower middle troposphere. In the suppressed northeast quadrant of both depressions subsidence warming was balanced by cold advection. Implications of this study's findings for eye formation in tropical storms and for improved satellite-imagery interpretation are discussed. C1 COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO. RP DOUGLAS, MW (reprint author), NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,RENS1,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 120 IS 8 BP 1548 EP 1564 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<1548:SADOTM>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JF238 UT WOS:A1992JF23800004 ER PT J AU DEMARIA, M ABERSON, SD OOYAMA, KV LORD, SJ AF DEMARIA, M ABERSON, SD OOYAMA, KV LORD, SJ TI A NESTED SPECTRAL MODEL FOR HURRICANE TRACK FORECASTING SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONE; PREDICTION; EVOLUTION; VORTEX AB A numerical method for analyzing and forecasting a wide range of horizontal scales of motion is tested in a barotropic hurricane track forecast model. The numerical method uses cubic B-spline representations of variables on nested domains. The spline representation is used for the objective analysis of observations and the solution of the prediction equations (shallow-water equations on a Mercator projection). This analysis and forecasting system is referred to as VICBAR (Vic Ooyama barotropic model). The VICBAR model was tested in near real time during the 1989 and 1990 Atlantic hurricane seasons. For the 1989 season, VICBAR had skill comparable to, or greater than, that of the operational track forecast models. For the 1990 season, VICBAR had skill comparable to that of the operational track-forecast models. During both 1989 and 1090, VICBAR had considerably more skill for forecasts of hurricanes than for forecasts of tropical storms. For the 1990 season, VICBAR was generalized to include time-dependent boundary conditions from a global forecast model. These boundary conditions improve the longer-range forecasts (60-72 h). The skill of VICBAR is sensitive to the choice of the background field used in the objective analysis and the fields used to apply the boundary conditions. The use of background fields and boundary-condition fields from a 12-h-old global model forecast significantly reduces the VICBAR skill (versus the use of fields from the current global forecast). C1 NOAA,NATL METEOROL CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20230. RP DEMARIA, M (reprint author), NOAA,AOML,DIV HURRICANE RES,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. RI DeMaria, Mark/F-5583-2010; Aberson, Sim/C-4891-2013 OI Aberson, Sim/0000-0002-3670-0100 NR 19 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 120 IS 8 BP 1628 EP 1643 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<1628:ANSMFH>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JF238 UT WOS:A1992JF23800010 ER PT J AU BALLISH, B CAO, XH KALNAY, E KANAMITSU, M AF BALLISH, B CAO, XH KALNAY, E KANAMITSU, M TI INCREMENTAL NONLINEAR NORMAL-MODE INITIALIZATION SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article AB An incremental nonlinear normal-mode initialization procedure developed within the National Meteorological Center (NMC) global analysis and forecast system is described. Unlike conventional nonlinear normal-mode initialization, the incremental nonlinear initialization does not zero-out gravity-mode tendencies but still removes imbalances introduced by the analysis as effectively as the conventional initialization. Incremental initialization can be set up as a relatively simple modification of the conventional (Machenauer) initialization. The tests performed with the NMC global analysis-forecast system indicate that the problems pointed out for other initialization methods (i.e., undesirable changes to the forecast model guess, especially the tidal modes, sensitivity to the way diabatic tendencies are calculated, and lack of nonlinearity) are all greatly reduced by the nonlinear initialization of analysis increments. Based on these results, the new initialization was implemented into the NMC operational suite on 13 December 1989. RP BALLISH, B (reprint author), NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,NATL METEOROL CTR,WMC23 BAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. RI Kalnay, Eugenia/F-4393-2010; OI Kalnay, Eugenia/0000-0002-9984-9906 NR 14 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 120 IS 8 BP 1723 EP 1734 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<1723:INNMI>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JF238 UT WOS:A1992JF23800015 ER PT J AU PARRISH, DF DERBER, JC AF PARRISH, DF DERBER, JC TI THE NATIONAL-METEOROLOGICAL-CENTERS SPECTRAL STATISTICAL-INTERPOLATION ANALYSIS SYSTEM SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ADJOINT VORTICITY EQUATION; RANGE FORECAST ERRORS; VARIATIONAL ASSIMILATION; RADIOSONDE DATA AB At the National Meteorological Center (NMC), a new analysis system is being extensively tested for possible use in the operational global data assimilation system. This analysis system is called the spectral statistical-interpolation (SSI) analysis system because the spectral coefficients used in the NMC spectral model are analyzed directly using the same basic equations as statistical (optimal) interpolation. Results from several months of parallel testing with the NMC spectral model have been very encouraging. Favorable features include smoother analysis increments, greatly reduced changes from initialization, and significant improvement of 1-5-day forecasts. Although the analysis is formulated as a variational problem, the objective function being minimized is formally the same one that forms the basis of all existing optimal interpolation schemes. This objective function is a combination of forecast and observation deviations from the desired analysis, weighted by the inverses of the corresponding forecast- and observation-error covariance matrices. There are two principal differences in how the SSI implements the minimization of this functional as compared to the current OI used at NMC. First, the analysis variables are spectral coefficients instead of gridpoint values. Second, all observations are used at once to solve a single global problem. No local approximations are made, and there is no special data selection. Because of these differences, it is straightforward to include unconventional data, such as radiances, in the analysis. Currently temperature, wind, surface pressure, mixing ratio, and Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I)total precipitable water can be used as the observation variables. Soon to be added are the scatterometer surface winds. This paper provides a detailed description of the SSI and presents a few results. RP PARRISH, DF (reprint author), NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,NATL METEOROL CTR,WORLD METEOROL CTR,DIV DEV,RM 204,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. NR 32 TC 1022 Z9 1116 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 120 IS 8 BP 1747 EP 1763 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<1747:TNMCSS>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JF238 UT WOS:A1992JF23800017 ER PT J AU ONO, RH AF ONO, RH TI THIN-FILM PROCESSING OF COMPLEX MULTILAYER STRUCTURES OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID JUNCTIONS RP ONO, RH (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CRYOELECTR METROL GRP,BOULDER,CO, USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MC KNIGHT ROAD SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 17 IS 8 BP 34 EP 38 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA JK668 UT WOS:A1992JK66800005 ER PT J AU SOUTHWORTH, SH COWAN, PL AF SOUTHWORTH, SH COWAN, PL TI X-RAY-BEAM POSITION MONITOR USING A QUADRANT PIN DIODE SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7TH NATIONAL CONF ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION CY OCT 28-31, 1991 CL LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, BATON ROUGE, LA SP MAXWELL LABS, BROBECK DIV HO LOUISIANA STATE UNIV ID SYNCHROTRON RADIATION BEAMLINE; HIGH-ENERGY-RESOLUTION; FEEDBACK-SYSTEM; PHOTOELECTRON; MONOCHROMATOR; DETECTORS; FLUX AB We report on the use of a quadrant PIN silicon photodiode as a position monitor of the monochromatized X-ray beam in a synchrotron radiation beamline. Signal levels corresponding to the horizontal and vertical beam positions and to the total intensity intercepted are derived simultaneously. The detector is demonstrated to be quite sensitive to the angular and translational motion of the X-ray beam arising from movement of beamline optical components. Use of the detector to obtain diagnostic information and as a position sensor in feedback loops is discussed. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP SOUTHWORTH, SH (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 1 PY 1992 VL 319 IS 1-3 BP 51 EP 55 DI 10.1016/0168-9002(92)90530-H PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA JF674 UT WOS:A1992JF67400009 ER PT J AU CALLCOTT, TA OBRIEN, WL JIA, JJ DONG, QY EDERER, DL WATTS, RN MUELLER, DR AF CALLCOTT, TA OBRIEN, WL JIA, JJ DONG, QY EDERER, DL WATTS, RN MUELLER, DR TI A SIMPLE VARIABLE LINE SPACE GRATING MONOCHROMATOR FOR SYNCHROTRON LIGHT-SOURCE BEAMLINES SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7TH NATIONAL CONF ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION CY OCT 28-31, 1991 CL LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, BATON ROUGE, LA SP MAXWELL LABS, BROBECK DIV HO LOUISIANA STATE UNIV ID RADIATION; DESIGN; SHADOW AB In this paper, we present and analyze an improved spectrometer design that has evolved from studies of the focal properties of transmission gratings in converging light beams. This design uses a variable line space grating at a fixed angle of incidence to focus the diffracted light in one dimension, producing resolutions in excess or 1000 over a large wavelength region. Attractive features of this concept include high throughput, simple wavelength scanning, simple optical elements (plane gratings and plane and toroidal mirrors), and relatively inexpensive realizations. After presenting a mathematical analysis of the primary design features, we discuss implementations of this design both as a spectrometer and as two versions of beamline monochromators. Design parameters for the two monochromators will be given. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP CALLCOTT, TA (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996, USA. NR 16 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 1 PY 1992 VL 319 IS 1-3 BP 128 EP 134 DI 10.1016/0168-9002(92)90543-D PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA JF674 UT WOS:A1992JF67400022 ER PT J AU EDERER, DL RUBENSSON, JE MUELLER, DR SHUKER, R OBRIEN, WL JAI, J DONG, QY CALLCOTT, TA CARR, GL WILLIAMS, GP HIRSCHMUGL, CJ ETEMAD, S INAM, A TANNER, DB AF EDERER, DL RUBENSSON, JE MUELLER, DR SHUKER, R OBRIEN, WL JAI, J DONG, QY CALLCOTT, TA CARR, GL WILLIAMS, GP HIRSCHMUGL, CJ ETEMAD, S INAM, A TANNER, DB TI LASER SYNCHROTRON HYBRID EXPERIMENTS A PHOTON TO TICKLE - A PHOTON TO POKE SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7TH NATIONAL CONF ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION CY OCT 28-31, 1991 CL LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, BATON ROUGE, LA SP MAXWELL LABS, BROBECK DIV HO LOUISIANA STATE UNIV ID RADIATION; SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITATION; ATOMS AB In this paper we present the preliminary results from a new experimental technique to synchronize the pulses from a mode-locked Nd-YAG laser to the light pulses in the VUV storage ring at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS). We describe a method to electronically change the delay time between the laser pulses and the synchrotron pulses. We also illustrate a method to overlap the synchrotron pulses with the laser pulses in space and time. Preliminary results will be presented for two experiments. C1 BEN GURION UNIV NEGEV,IL-84105 BEER SHEVA,ISRAEL. UNIV TENNESSEE,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. GRUMMAN AEROSP CORP,RES CTR,BETHPAGE,NY 11714. NATL SYNCHROTRON LIGHT SOURCE,UPTON,NY 11973. AT&T BELL LABS,RED BANK,NJ 07701. UNIV FLORIDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP EDERER, DL (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 14 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 1 PY 1992 VL 319 IS 1-3 BP 250 EP 256 DI 10.1016/0168-9002(92)90562-I PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA JF674 UT WOS:A1992JF67400041 ER PT J AU KURTZ, RL ROBEY, SW HUDSON, LT SMILGYS, RV STOCKBAUER, RL AF KURTZ, RL ROBEY, SW HUDSON, LT SMILGYS, RV STOCKBAUER, RL TI PHOTOELECTRON IMAGING OF FERMI SURFACES SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7TH NATIONAL CONF ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION CY OCT 28-31, 1991 CL LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, BATON ROUGE, LA SP MAXWELL LABS, BROBECK DIV HO LOUISIANA STATE UNIV ID CHARGED-PARTICLE ANALYZER; DISPLAY-TYPE ANALYZER; MOMENTUM DETERMINATION; ELECTRON-ENERGY; PHOTOEMISSION; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTROMETER; PERFORMANCE; REALIZATION; DESIGN AB We describe the use of an ellipsoidal-mirror analyzer to obtain cross-sectional images of electrons photoemitted from a bulk Fermi surface. The region of the Brillouin zone that is sampled can be varied by adjusting the photon energy, allowing a complete mapping of the electron Fermi surface. This technique provides an immediate and direct visualization of the occupied electronic states and their relationship to bulk symmetries. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV SURFACE & MICROANAL SCI,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP KURTZ, RL (reprint author), LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803, USA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 1 PY 1992 VL 319 IS 1-3 BP 257 EP 263 DI 10.1016/0168-9002(92)90563-J PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA JF674 UT WOS:A1992JF67400042 ER PT J AU HOLLOWAY, L AF HOLLOWAY, L TI ATMOSPHERIC SUN PROTECTION FACTOR ON CLEAR DAYS - ITS OBSERVED DEPENDENCE ON SOLAR ZENITH ANGLE AND ITS RELEVANCE TO THE SHADOW RULE FOR SUN PROTECTION SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OZONE-LAYER DEPLETION; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION AB Global irradiances measured in seven 5-nm bands of UV-B at Rockville, MD (39.1-degrees-N, 77.1-degrees-W) on 28 clear days near the summer solstice are convoluted with the erythemal action spectrum of human skin to determine dose rates at various hours of the day. These rates are averaged with respect to solar zenith angle to obtain the diurnal variation of mean dose rate and of the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of the atmosphere (reciprocal of the normalized atmospheric transmissivity) on a typical clear summer day in Rockville. At a 45-degrees zenith angle the atmospheric SPF is computed to be 2.7 and increases rapidly to greater than 7 at 60-degrees. Dose rates are integrated with respect to time to obtain estimates of mean doses for various periods during clear days at Rockville in mid summer and near the autumnal equinox. In mid summer the effective erythemal UV-B exposure during the period when the solar zenith angle is less than 45-degrees is about five times greater than that during the remainder of the day. These observations provide scientific basis for a shadow rule for solar UV-B protection: when shadows are shorter than objects casting them, sunburn is much more likely than at other times. C1 NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08542. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PHOTOBIOLOGY PI AUGUSTA PA BIOTECH PARK, 1021 15TH ST, SUITE 9, AUGUSTA, GA 30901-3158 SN 0031-8655 J9 PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL JI Photochem. Photobiol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 56 IS 2 BP 229 EP 234 DI 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1992.tb02151.x PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA JC905 UT WOS:A1992JC90500012 PM 1502267 ER PT J AU HASTINGS, DA EMERY, WJ AF HASTINGS, DA EMERY, WJ TI THE ADVANCED VERY HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER (AVHRR) - A BRIEF REFERENCE GUIDE SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID VEGETATION INDEX; SATELLITE; TEMPERATURE; DIFFERENCE AB The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer, carried by NOAA's Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites, has unique characteristics of spectral response, image geometry, frequency of coverage, and accessibility that make it useful for applications in oceanography, terrestrial sciences, and meteorology. We review the history, engineering characteristics, data availability, applications, and future of this sensor. With cited references, this paper constitutes a starting point for more extensive investigations of the data and their applications. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT AEROSP ENGN SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP HASTINGS, DA (reprint author), NOAA,NATL GEOPHYS DATA CTR,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. OI Emery, William/0000-0002-7598-9082 NR 45 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 58 IS 8 BP 1183 EP 1188 PG 6 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA JF232 UT WOS:A1992JF23200045 ER PT J AU WERIJ, HGC GREENE, CH THEODOSIOU, CE GALLAGHER, A AF WERIJ, HGC GREENE, CH THEODOSIOU, CE GALLAGHER, A TI OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS AND RADIATIVE BRANCHING RATIOS IN ATOMIC SR SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID COLLISIONAL ENERGY-TRANSFER; SINGLY EXCITED-STATES; QUANTUM DEFECT THEORY; ALKALINE-EARTH ATOMS; R-MATRIX CALCULATION; 2-ELECTRON EXCITATIONS; LIFETIMES; STRONTIUM; CALCIUM; SEQUENCES AB Tables of radiative transition rates (A) are provided for allowed singlet and triplet transitions between Sr states below n congruent-to 11. These are obtained from a combination of R-matrix, multichannel-quantum-defect-theory (MQDT), and modified Coulomb-approximation calculations, plus branching-ratio measurements. Measurements of some spin-changing branchings and of the 4(1)D2-5S-1(0) quadrupole transition rate are also reported. Lifetime and A-value measurements from the literature are included in the tables and compared to the calculations. These and the present measurements provide the most comprehensive test to date of calculated transition probabilities for divalent atoms. The MQDT calculation achieves 0-20 % agreement with experiment in the great majority of cases tested. C1 UNIV COLORADO, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. UNIV COLORADO, DEPT PHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RI Greene, Chris/C-3821-2011 OI Greene, Chris/0000-0002-2096-6385 NR 49 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG 1 PY 1992 VL 46 IS 3 BP 1248 EP 1260 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.46.1248 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA JH411 UT WOS:A1992JH41100016 ER PT J AU MILLER, DA YOU, L COOPER, J GALLAGHER, A AF MILLER, DA YOU, L COOPER, J GALLAGHER, A TI COLLISIONAL ENERGY-TRANSFER BETWEEN EXCITED-STATE STRONTIUM AND NOBLE-GAS ATOMS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID RARE-GASES; EXCITATION TRANSFER; DEACTIVATION AB Inert-gas-induced collisional transfer between the first four excited states of Sr has been measured by determining excited-state densities following pulsed laser excitation of the 5 P-1 state. We observe 5 P-1 collisional transfer exclusively to the 4(3)D state, with (approximately 800 K) rate coefficients ranging from 0.24 to 2.0 X 10(-11) cm3 s-1 for the various gases. We also measure 4(1)D2 transfer primarily to the 4(3)D state, with rate coefficients of 0.65 to 6.8 X 10(-11) cm3 s-1. The 4(3)D state radiative lifetime is observed to be 2.9+/-0.2-mu-s, collisional mixing between the 4(3)D(j) fine-structure levels is essentially gas kinetic (k approximately 5 X 10(-10) cm3 s-1), and k < 10(-13) CM3 S-1 for 4(3)D --> 5 P-3 Collisional transfer. C1 UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG 1 PY 1992 VL 46 IS 3 BP 1303 EP 1309 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.46.1303 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA JH411 UT WOS:A1992JH41100022 ER PT J AU ROSOV, N HOHENEMSER, C EIBSCHUTZ, M AF ROSOV, N HOHENEMSER, C EIBSCHUTZ, M TI DYNAMIC CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR OF THE RANDOM-EXCHANGE ISING SYSTEM FE0.9ZN0.1F2 DETERMINED VIA MOSSBAUER-SPECTROSCOPY SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB We have made Mossbauer-effect-spectroscopy (MES) measurements of the dynamical broadening of the Mossbauer lines above T(N) for a high-quality single crystal of Fe0.9Zn0.1F2 with an inhomogeneity-induced Neel-temperature (T(N)) broadening of less than 25 mK. In the reduced-temperature range 3 X 10(-4) < t (= T/T(N)-1) < 10(-2), we find that the excess linewidth diverges as t(-w) with w = 0.79(7). On the assumption of a single divergent relaxation time, this measurement of w implies a dynamical exponent z = 2.18(10) via dynamic-scaling theory. Our value for z involves an asymptotic approach to T(N), which is an order of magnitude closer than previous MES and neutron-spin-echo measurements and agrees with the renormalization-group prediction z almost-equal-to 2.11 for the d = 3 random-exchange Ising model. The result does not agree with the predictions of conventional van Hove theory, z = 1.97, or the results of previous, fundamentally less asymptotic, measurements. C1 CLARK UNIV,WORCESTER,MA 01610. AT&T BELL LABS,MURRAY HILL,NJ 07974. RP ROSOV, N (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 22 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 1992 VL 46 IS 6 BP 3452 EP 3457 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.46.3452 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA JJ319 UT WOS:A1992JJ31900027 ER PT J AU COHEN, ER TAYLOR, BN AF COHEN, ER TAYLOR, BN TI THE FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL CONSTANTS SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Article AB The set of recommended values of the fundamental physical constants resulting from the 1986 least-squares adjustment is the most up-to-date, self-consistent set available. Since its completion, however, and since the first version of the following article appeared in the 1987 PHYSICS TODAY Buyers' Guide, several new results have been reported that have implications of varying importance for the 1986 recommended values (B. N. Taylor, E. R. Cohen, J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. 95, 497, 1990). For example, the most accurate of a number of new and highly consistent values of R(infinity) is 0.0034 ppm larger than the 1986 recommended value and has a one-standard-deviation uncertainty that is about 3.5 times smaller than that of the 1986 value. The 0.0034-ppm increase in R(infinity) is 2.8 times the 0.0012-ppm uncertainty assigned the 1986 value. But because it is of such small magnitude, it would have a negligible impact on the other recommended values. A new value of the gas constant R would have a more profound effect. The new measurement is 4.7 ppm smaller than the 1986 value, only 0.6 times the 8.4-ppm one-standard-deviation uncertainty of the latter value. However, the new measurement's 1.7-ppm uncertainty is five times smaller than the 1986 uncertainty. This is significant not only because of the improvement it implies in our knowledge of the value of R itself but also because it would yield a comparable reduction in the uncertainties of all of the 1986 recommended values derived from R. These include the Boltzmann constant k and the Stefan-Boltzmann constant-sigma. A new value of 2e/h in SI units, that is, of K(V), also would have a major impact. The new result is 0.54 ppm larger than the 1986 recommended value, an acceptable 1.8 times the 0.30-ppm uncertainty of the latter. But the 0.068-ppm uncertainty of the new value is 4.4 times smaller than the 1986 uncertainty. This is highly significant because a considerable number of the 1986 recommended values depend strongly upon K(V) and so would have their uncertainties reduced by about the same factor. These include the elementary charge e, the Planck constant h, the electron mass m(e), the Avogadro constant N(A) and the Faraday constant F. Also of great importance is a new value of the fine-structure constant alpha-derived from the improved measurement and theoretical calculation of the electron's magnetic moment anomaly alpha(e). Although the new value of alpha is only 0.020 ppm larger than the 1986 recommended value-that is, 0.44 times the latter's 0.045-ppm uncertainty-the uncertainty of the new value is 0.0069 ppm, 6.5 times smaller than the 1986 uncertainty. Again, this would lead to similar reductions in the uncertainties of other constants strongly dependent upon alpha-for example, the Bohr radius alpha-0 and the electron Compton wavelength lambda(C). Because the output values of a least-squares adjustment are correlated, the new results discussed above cannot be readily incorporated into the 1986 table of recommended values. A new least-squares adjustment is scheduled for completion in 1995. Until then, the 1986 set of values will remain the set of choice for worldwide use in all science and technology. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,PHYS LAB,CTR FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS DATA,GAITHERSBURG,MD. RP COHEN, ER (reprint author), ROCKWELL INT CORP,CTR SCI,THOUSAND OAKS,CA 91360, USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD AUG PY 1992 VL 45 IS 8 BP BG9 EP BG13 PN 2 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA JH097 UT WOS:A1992JH09700001 ER PT J AU COSTANTINO, PD FRIEDMAN, CD JONES, K CHOW, LC SISSON, GA AF COSTANTINO, PD FRIEDMAN, CD JONES, K CHOW, LC SISSON, GA TI EXPERIMENTAL HYDROXYAPATITE CEMENT CRANIOPLASTY SO PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY LA English DT Article ID AUTOGENOUS BONE-GRAFTS; POROUS HYDROXYAPATITE; MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY; SKULL DEFECTS; HYDROXYLAPATITE; RECONSTRUCTION; SUBSTITUTE AB Hydroxyapatite cement is a calcium phosphate-based material that when mixed with water forms a dense paste that sets within 15 minutes and isothermically converts in vivo to a microporous hydroxyapatite implant. This cement was used to reconstruct bilateral 2.5-cm-diameter full-thickness critical-sized parietal skull defects in six cats. One side was reconstructed with 100 percent hydroxyapatite cement, and the other with a mixture of 50 percent hydroxyapatite cement and 50 percent ground autogenous bone by weight. These animals were sacrificed at 6 and 12 months after implantation. Positive and negative controls also were prepared. The anatomic contour of the soft tissue overlying all hydroxyapatite cement implants was well maintained, there were no wound infections or structural failures, and the implants were well tolerated histologically. None of the negative (unreconstructed) control defects was completely filled with repair bone, and all positive (methyl methacrylate) controls demonstrated foreign-body giant-cell formation and fibrous encapsulation of the implants. Examination of decalcified and undecalcified sections revealed progressive but variable replacement of the cement by new bone and soft tissue without a change in the shape or volume of the hydroxvapatite cement-reconstructed areas. New bone comprised 77.3 and 64.7 percent of the tissue replacing the hydroxyapatite cement and hydroxyapatite cement-bone implants, respectively. Replacement of the hydroxyapatite cement implants by new bone is postulated to occur by a combination of osteoconduction and implant resorption. These results indicate that further experimental research leading to the possible application of hydroxyapatite cement for full-thickness calvarial defect reconstruction in humans is warranted. C1 YALE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT SURG,OTOLARYNGOL SECT,POB 3333,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510. UNIV PITTSBURGH,SCH MED,CTR CRANIAL BASE SURG,DEPT OTOLARYNGOL,PITTSBURGH,PA 15261. NORTHWESTERN UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT OTOLARYNGOL HEAD & NECK SURG,CHICAGO,IL 60611. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,AMER DENT ASSOC,HLTH FDN PAFFENBARGER RES INST,GAITHERSBURG,MD. NR 29 TC 196 Z9 213 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0032-1052 J9 PLAST RECONSTR SURG JI Plast. Reconstr. Surg. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 90 IS 2 BP 174 EP 185 DI 10.1097/00006534-199290020-00003 PG 12 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA JG694 UT WOS:A1992JG69400003 PM 1321453 ER PT J AU CAGE, ME AF CAGE, ME TI MAGNETIC-FIELD DEPENDENCE OF QUANTIZED HALL-EFFECT BREAKDOWN VOLTAGES SO SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID QUANTUM AB When large currents are passed through a high-quality quantized Hall resistance device, the voltage drop along the device is observed to assume discrete, quantized states when plotted against the magnetic field. These quantized voltage states are interpreted as occurring when electrons are excited to higher Landau levels and then return to the original Landau level. The quantization is found to be a function of magnetic field, and consequently can be more difficult to verify and determine than previously suspected. RP CAGE, ME (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0268-1242 J9 SEMICOND SCI TECH JI Semicond. Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 7 IS 8 BP 1119 EP 1122 DI 10.1088/0268-1242/7/8/017 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA JK039 UT WOS:A1992JK03900017 ER PT J AU KREIDER, KG AF KREIDER, KG TI THIN-FILM TRANSPARENT THERMOCOUPLES SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON SOLID-STATE SENSORS AND ACTUATORS ( TRANSDUCERS 91 ) CY JUN 24-28, 1991 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA AB Transparent thin-film electrical conductors have been sputter deposited to form transparent thermocouples. Indium-tin oxide (ITO) and antimony-tin oxide (ATO) have demonstrated Seebeck coefficients of 7-77-mu-V/degrees-C, depending on their conductivity and fabrication parameters. In addition to results for in-house-fabricated thermocouples, thermoelectric measurements are reported on commercial ATO, ITO, and fluorine-doped tin oxide transparent films. RP KREIDER, KG (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-4247 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT A-PHYS JI Sens. Actuator A-Phys. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 34 IS 2 BP 95 EP 99 DI 10.1016/0924-4247(92)80180-B PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA JL353 UT WOS:A1992JL35300001 ER PT J AU ORR, JC SARMIENTO, JL AF ORR, JC SARMIENTO, JL TI POTENTIAL OF MARINE MACROALGAE AS A SINK FOR CO2 - CONSTRAINTS FROM A 3-D GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL OF THE GLOBAL OCEAN SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article ID DISTRIBUTIONS; SIMULATIONS; RADIOCARBON AB A 3-D global ocean model used previously to determine natural oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO2 is used here to evaluate another proposed strategy for mitigation of rising atmospheric CO2. As a reference, this study bases itself on previous efforts with the same model to evaluate the potential of Fe fertilization as a means to enhance oceanic CO2 uptake. From that base, we test the feasibility of slowing the rise in atmospheric CO2 by enhancing growth of seaweed, a proposal resurrected from previous efforts considering it as a means to grow marine biomass as fuel for energy production. To determine its maximum potential, logistical and financial constraints are ignored. An enhanced growth of 1 GT C yr-1 is prescribed to be evenly distributed over a large ocean area such as the equatorial band from 18-degrees-S to 18-degrees-N and the northern and southern subtropics from 18-degrees to 49-degrees latitude. Results from these simulations clearly demonstrate that the CO2 invasion from the atmosphere is substantially less than C removed from the surface via enhanced growth. When enhanced growth is supported only by naturally available nutrients, the enhancement to the air to sea CO2 flux averages 0.2 GT C yr- 1 for the first 100 yr. When nutrients are supplied artificially to support the enhanced growth, the mean enhanced air to sea flux is more (for the first 100 yr it averages 0.72 GT C yr-1 when all enhanced growth is harvested but only 0.44 GT C yr-1 without harvesting); however, generating enhanced marine growth at 1 GT C yr-1 requires an unreasonably large supply of nutrient-close to the world's current rate of fertilizer production for P and substantially more than that for N. Less nutrient is needed if the enhanced algal growth is not harvested and thus respired, but respiration increases demand for oxygen so that significant anoxia develops. We conclude that growth of macroalgae is an inefficient mechanism for sequestering anthropogenic CO2 and that the use of macroalgae as an additional fuel source will actually result in a net transfer of CO2 from ocean to atmosphere; however, there would be a reduction in the atmospheric CO2 increase rate if macroalgae were used as a partial replacement for fossil fuel. RP ORR, JC (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,PROGRAM ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI,PRINCETON,NJ 08544, USA. RI Orr, James/C-5221-2009; daorui, han/G-3767-2011; OI Orr, James/0000-0002-8707-7080 NR 33 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 12 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 64 IS 1-2 BP 405 EP 421 DI 10.1007/BF00477113 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA JA715 UT WOS:A1992JA71500024 ER PT J AU SIEWERT, TA MCCOWAN, CN POLANSKY, D JONES, TS AF SIEWERT, TA MCCOWAN, CN POLANSKY, D JONES, TS TI QUANTITATIVE-EVALUATION OF DISTRIBUTED PORES IN REFERENCE RADIOGRAPHS SO WELDING JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 IND QUAL INC,GAITHERSBURG,MD. RP SIEWERT, TA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MAT RELIABIL,BOULDER,CO, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER WELDING SOC PI MIAMI PA PO BOX 351040, MIAMI, FL 33135 SN 0043-2296 J9 WELD J JI Weld. J. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 71 IS 8 BP 31 EP 33 PG 3 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA JF967 UT WOS:A1992JF96700003 ER PT J AU NISHIMOTO, M YANAGIDA, GK STEIN, JE BAIRD, WM VARANASI, U AF NISHIMOTO, M YANAGIDA, GK STEIN, JE BAIRD, WM VARANASI, U TI THE METABOLISM OF BENZO(A)PYRENE BY ENGLISH SOLE (PAROPHRYS-VETULUS) - COMPARISON BETWEEN ISOLATED HEPATOCYTES INVITRO AND LIVER INVIVO SO XENOBIOTICA LA English DT Article ID FRESHLY ISOLATED HEPATOCYTES; DNA ADDUCT FORMATION; BENZOPYRENE METABOLITES; HEPATIC NEOPLASMS; COVALENT BINDING; RAT HEPATOCYTES; GUINEA-PIG; SULFATE; FISH; LESIONS AB 1. Metabolites and DNA adducts of H-3-benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) formed by isolated hepatocytes from English sole (Parophrys vetulus) in vitro were compared to those in bile and liver of sole exposed i.m. to H-3-BaP. 2. English sole liver was perfused with a collagenase solution and hepatocytes were isolated with greater than 95% viability. Determination of kinetic parameters for metabolism of H-3-BaP showed a K(m) of 29 +/- 10 mum and an apparent V(max) of 1300 pmol BaP metabolized/10(6) cells per h. 3. Analysis of medium from hepatocyte cultures and bile by ion-pair h.p.l.c. showed significant amounts of radioactivity in regions where glucuronide and glutathione conjugates of BaP metabolites elute. No sulphate conjugates of BaP metabolites were detected. The major unconjugated metabolite formed by hepatocytes was the BaP-9,10-dihydrodiol. 4. Hydrolysis of glucuronide conjugates by beta-glucuronidase and reversed-phase h.p.l.c. analysis of chloroform-soluble metabolites showed the presence of BaP-7,8-dihydrodiol, 1-hydroxyBaP and 3-hydroxyBaP. The identities of these metabolites were confirmed by comparing their fluorescence spectra with those of standard BaP metabolites. 5. Analysis by P-32-postlabelling of the BaP-DNA adducts formed in isolated hepatocytes and liver revealed that major adducts detected are derived from the anti-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxideBaP (anti-BaPDE) and syn-BaPDE. 6. Results show that the types of conjugated metabolites and BaP-DNA adducts formed in primary hepatocyte culture were similar to those in bile and liver of English sole exposed to BaP. Thus, isolated hepatocytes from English sole afford a reliable alternative to live fish for studies of the mechanisms of hepatic xenobiotic metabolism and DNA adduct formation in a species shown to be susceptible to induction of hepatocarcinogenesis by PAHs. C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT MED CHEM & PHARMACOGNOSY,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP NISHIMOTO, M (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES CTR,DIV ENVIRONM CONSERVAT,2725 MONTLAKE BLVD,SEATTLE,WA 98112, USA. NR 45 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0049-8254 J9 XENOBIOTICA JI Xenobiotica PD AUG PY 1992 VL 22 IS 8 BP 949 EP 961 PG 13 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA JQ335 UT WOS:A1992JQ33500005 PM 1413884 ER PT J AU BOETTINGER, WJ PEREPEZKO, JH FRANKWICZ, PS AF BOETTINGER, WJ PEREPEZKO, JH FRANKWICZ, PS TI APPLICATION OF TERNARY PHASE-DIAGRAMS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF MOSI2-BASED MATERIALS SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1ST WORKSHOP ON HIGH TEMPERATURE STRUCTURAL SILICIDES CY NOV 04-06, 1991 CL NIST, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP USN, OFF NAVAL RES HO NIST AB A review of the literature reveals ternary phase diagram data for a number of systems involving MoSi2. Although incomplete, this literature provides the initial basis for a rational approach to alloy design. For example. one can assess the high temperature stability of various artificially introduced reinforcements, such as niobium or SiC in an MoSi2 matrix and the possibilities for the development of stable two-phase microstructures in quasibinary alloys in the MoSi2-TiSi2 and MoSi2-TaSi2 systems. Revised phase diagrams for these latter systems are presented that indicate the absence of the C11b-to-C40 high temperature polymorphic transformation in pure MoSi2. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,MADISON,WI 53706. RP BOETTINGER, WJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MET,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 18 TC 120 Z9 125 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 30 PY 1992 VL 155 IS 1-2 BP 33 EP 44 DI 10.1016/0921-5093(92)90310-W PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA JG632 UT WOS:A1992JG63200004 ER PT J AU WIEDERHORN, SM GETTINGS, RJ ROBERTS, DE OSTERTAG, C PETROVIC, JJ AF WIEDERHORN, SM GETTINGS, RJ ROBERTS, DE OSTERTAG, C PETROVIC, JJ TI TENSILE CREEP OF SILICIDE COMPOSITES SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1ST WORKSHOP ON HIGH TEMPERATURE STRUCTURAL SILICIDES CY NOV 04-06, 1991 CL NIST, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP USN, OFF NAVAL RES HO NIST ID MOSI2 AB A study has been conducted on the creep behavior of a silicide composite consisting of 50 mol.% MoSi, and WSi2 reinforced with SiC whiskers. Activation energies for creep in compression and tension were 312 kJ mol-1 and 557 kJ mol-1 respectively. Stress exponents for creep were 3.2 in tension and 2.3 in compression. These values lie within the range of values obtained by other investigators. The creep resistance of the composite is considerably better than that of current alloys used in heat engines. Most of this improvement comes from the addition of SiC whiskers to the base alloy. It is suggested that the addition of higher concentrations of whiskers or particles would result in additional improvement of the creep behavior of silicide composites. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI & TECHNOL,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP WIEDERHORN, SM (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 16 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 30 PY 1992 VL 155 IS 1-2 BP 209 EP 215 DI 10.1016/0921-5093(92)90327-W PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA JG632 UT WOS:A1992JG63200021 ER PT J AU OLTMANS, SJ LEVY, H AF OLTMANS, SJ LEVY, H TI SEASONAL CYCLE OF SURFACE OZONE OVER THE WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; DISTRIBUTIONS; OCEAN AB THE possible impact of pollution from North America and Europe on tropospheric ozone throughout the Northern Hemisphere is a major environmental concern1-4. We report here continuous measurements of ozone from Bermuda (32-degrees-N, 65-degrees-W) and Barbados (13-degrees-N, 60-degrees-W), which suggest that despite their proximity to the eastern US seaboard, natural processes rather than pollution control surface ozone in these regions. Although springtime daily average ozone concentrations at Bermuda are greater than 70 parts per billion (10(9)) by volume (p.p.b.v.) and hourly values in 1989 sometimes exceeded the Canadian Air Quality limit of 80 p.p.b.v., trajectory analyses indicate that these high levels of ozone are transported from the unpolluted upper troposphere >5 km above the northern United States and Canada5. During the summer, when surface ozone concentrations over the eastern United States can exceed 70 p.p.b.v. owing to pollution6, typical values at Bermuda are between 15 and 25 p.p.b.v. At Barbados, both the seasonal and diurnal variations in surface ozone are nearly identical to those at Samoa in the tropical South Pacific, where the isolation from anthropogenic sources7 and low levels of NO(x) (ref. 8) ensure that natural processes control surface ozone9-11. C1 NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08542. RP OLTMANS, SJ (reprint author), NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 28 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 6 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 30 PY 1992 VL 358 IS 6385 BP 392 EP 394 DI 10.1038/358392a0 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JF853 UT WOS:A1992JF85300047 ER PT J AU HOLLAND, KN BRILL, RW CHANG, RKC SIBERT, JR FOURNIER, DA AF HOLLAND, KN BRILL, RW CHANG, RKC SIBERT, JR FOURNIER, DA TI PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BEHAVIORAL THERMOREGULATION IN BIGEYE TUNA (THUNNUS-OBESUS) SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID FISH; MOVEMENTS AB TUNA are unique among teleost fishes in being thermoconserving. Vascular counter-current heat exchangers maintain body temperatures above ambient water temperature, thereby improving locomotor muscle efficiency, especially at burst speeds and when pursuing prey below the thermocline1-6. Because tuna also occasionally swim rapidly in warm surface waters, it has been hypothesized that tuna thermoregulate to accommodate changing activity levels or ambient temperatures7. But previous field experiments have been unable to demonstrate definitively short-latency, mammalian-type physiological thermoregulation8,9. Here we show using telemetered data that free-ranging bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) can rapidly alter whole-body thermal conductivity by two orders of magnitude. The heat exchangers are disengaged to allow rapid warming as the tuna ascend from cold water into warmer surface waters, and are reactivated to conserve heat when they return into the depths. Combining physiological and behavioural thermoregulation expands the foraging space of bigeye tuna into otherwise prohibitively cold, deep water. C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,HONOLULU LAB,HONOLULU,HI 96822. OTTER RES LTD,NANAIMO,BC,CANADA. RP HOLLAND, KN (reprint author), HAWAII INST MARINE BIOL,POB 1346,COCONUT ISL,KANEOHE,HI 96744, USA. NR 21 TC 137 Z9 146 U1 4 U2 35 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 30 PY 1992 VL 358 IS 6385 BP 410 EP 412 DI 10.1038/358410a0 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JF853 UT WOS:A1992JF85300054 PM 1641023 ER PT J AU GARMER, DR KRAUSS, M AF GARMER, DR KRAUSS, M TI METAL SUBSTITUTION AND THE ACTIVE-SITE OF CARBONIC-ANHYDRASE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BASIS-SETS; WATER; ZINC; MECHANISM; BINDING; PROBE; ION AB A cluster model is used to analyze the variation with metal substitution of both the coordination number at the active site of carbonic anhydrase and the proton affinity of OH- bound to the metal cation. Experimentally the native zinc and cobalt enzymes are comparably active with respect to the hydration of carbon dioxide, but the cadmium and manganese enzymes are essentially inactive. A significant difference in the cluster behavior between the zinc and cobalt models and those for manganese and cadmium is found for the coordination number of the active high pH form. Energetics of water binding indicates the first-shell coordination number in the high-pH active form expands to five for cadmium and manganese from four in the native zinc or cobalt enzymes. The stronger binding of water in the first shell would make the approach of the carbon dioxide substrate more difficult or otherwise disrupt the binding to the first shell. We suggest that this postulated inhibitory effect of a strongly bound water ligand accounts for the lower activity of cadmium and manganese carbonic anhydrase. On the other hand, there is nothing in the electronic structure of the cadmium and manganese high-pH complexes that would indicate a reduction in the nucleophilicity of the bound OH- relative to that for zinc and cobalt. The calculated proton affinities in four- and five-coordinate models agree with the relative behavior of the experimental pK(a) of the active nucleophile in carbonic anhydrase. Adding the fifth water ligand in either the first or second shell increases the absolute energy differences in the proton affinities but retains the correct order. This result implies that all metal-substituted carbonic anhydrases would be active but shifted in pH range except for the change in the coordination number. Although the electrostatic effect of the metal cation is dominant in lowering the proton affinity, there are substantial differential reaction field solvation and correlation contributions. Continuum effects are estimated relative to the first shell complex. Hydration enthalpies are calculated for the metal-aquo complexes to test the model for first-shell complexes. Considering the Jahn-Teller distortion and large correlation effects for the electronically degenerate cobalt complex, the relative values of the hydration enthalpies of the hexa-aquo complexes of zinc, cobalt, and manganese are in agreement with experiment, but cadmium is sufficiently different to suggest that the hydration coordination number may be larger than six. The order of the calculated binding energies relative to the hydration enthalpies with metal substitution qualitatively agrees with the order of experimental stability constants. The native zinc is the most stable with cadmium closest for both the low and high pH model clusters. Both cobalt and manganese are substantially less bound. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. MT SINAI MED CTR,DEPT PHYSIOL & BIOPHYS,NEW YORK,NY 10029. NR 32 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 29 PY 1992 VL 114 IS 16 BP 6487 EP 6493 DI 10.1021/ja00042a031 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JF871 UT WOS:A1992JF87100031 ER PT J AU CHEN, LB ZUKOSKI, CF ACKERSON, BJ HANLEY, HJM STRATY, GC BARKER, J GLINKA, CJ AF CHEN, LB ZUKOSKI, CF ACKERSON, BJ HANLEY, HJM STRATY, GC BARKER, J GLINKA, CJ TI STRUCTURAL-CHANGES AND ORIENTATIONAL ORDER IN A SHEARED COLLOIDAL SUSPENSION SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING AB Small-angle neutron scattering experiments were carried out on a charged-stabilized dense colloidal suspension to observe changes in lattice structure as a function of shear rate. It is shown that (1) the lattice will evolve from a crystalline state in equilibrium to a polycrystalline state if subjected to a very low shear; and (2) as the shear is increased, partial order is reestablished with the apparent appearance of sliding layer flow. The transitions are reversible. The first transition occurs when the dynamic yield stress is exceeded; the second is discontinuous and is associated with an anomalous flow region in which the stress decreases with increasing shear rate. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,STILLWATER,OK 74078. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80303. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP CHEN, LB (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT CHEM ENGN,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 17 TC 123 Z9 123 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 27 PY 1992 VL 69 IS 4 BP 688 EP 691 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.69.688 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA JE754 UT WOS:A1992JE75400035 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, CR AVERY, SK MCAFEE, JR GAGE, KS AF WILLIAMS, CR AVERY, SK MCAFEE, JR GAGE, KS TI COMPARISON OF OBSERVED DIURNAL AND SEMIDIURNAL TROPOSPHERIC WINDS AT CHRISTMAS-ISLAND WITH TIDAL THEORY SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC TIDES; COMPONENTS; SOLAR AB Four years of hourly averaged atmospheric wind measurements from the Christmas Island VHF wind profiler were processed into typical days to show the vertical phase structure of the diurnal and semidiurnal tropospheric zonal winds. The winds from the lowest resolvable height were compared with both the surface winds calculated from a three year record of surface pressure using the equations of motion on a rotating, frictionless sphere, and the winds from a tidal model. It is concluded that at the lowest height, the observed diurnal and semidiurnal zonal winds have tidal (l,l) and (2,2) mode structures, respectively. Further analysis is necessary to evaluate the tidal mode(s) of the zonal wind throughout the troposphere. C1 NOAA,ERL AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP WILLIAMS, CR (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. RI Williams, Christopher/A-2723-2015 OI Williams, Christopher/0000-0001-9394-8850 NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 24 PY 1992 VL 19 IS 14 BP 1471 EP 1474 DI 10.1029/92GL01276 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA JG914 UT WOS:A1992JG91400014 ER PT J AU BROCCOLI, AJ MANABE, S AF BROCCOLI, AJ MANABE, S TI CAN EXISTING CLIMATE MODELS BE USED TO STUDY ANTHROPOGENIC CHANGES IN TROPICAL CYCLONE CLIMATE - REPLY SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Note ID CIRCULATION RP BROCCOLI, AJ (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,POB 308,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA. RI Broccoli, Anthony/D-9186-2014 OI Broccoli, Anthony/0000-0003-2619-1434 NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 24 PY 1992 VL 19 IS 14 BP 1525 EP 1526 DI 10.1029/92GL01670 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA JG914 UT WOS:A1992JG91400028 ER PT J AU IRIKURA, KK JOHNSON, RD HUDGENS, JW AF IRIKURA, KK JOHNSON, RD HUDGENS, JW TI 2 NEW ELECTRONIC STATES OF CH2 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter ID MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION SPECTROSCOPY; X3B1 METHYLENE CH2; GAS-PHASE; POTENTIAL SURFACE; ASSIGNMENTS; SPECTRUM; CF; NM AB The new states H(3p) and I(4p) of methylene radical have been detected by mass-resolved, one-color 2 + 1 resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization. Since it is a strong peak, the 3p state offers a convenient and sensitive means for detecting ground-state methylene radicals. In two photons, the 3p state lies at 311.80 nm (64 126 cm-1) in CH2, 311.84 nm in CHD, and 312.01 nm in CD2, and the 4p state lies at 269.27 nm (74 254 cm-1) in CH2 and 269.36 nm in CD2. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Irikura, Karl/A-4266-2009 OI Irikura, Karl/0000-0001-7515-6761 NR 19 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD JUL 23 PY 1992 VL 96 IS 15 BP 6131 EP 6133 DI 10.1021/j100194a010 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA JF326 UT WOS:A1992JF32600010 ER PT J AU DRIESSEN, JPJ LEONE, SR AF DRIESSEN, JPJ LEONE, SR TI N-VECTOR CORRELATIONS IN COLLISION DYNAMICS WITH ATOMIC ORBITAL ALIGNMENT - THE IMPORTANCE OF COHERENCE DENOTING AZIMUTHAL STRUCTURE FOR N-GREATER-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-3 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID REAGENT APPROACH GEOMETRY; IONIZATION CROSS-SECTION; ASSOCIATIVE IONIZATION; ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; RARE-GAS; SEMICLASSICAL CALCULATIONS; SCATTERING; STATE; AR; INTRAMULTIPLET AB An introduction is presented of vector correlations in collision experiments involving atomic orbital alignment or orientation. At present, aligned or oriented species can be prepared (or probed) with "relative" ease using polarized laser beams. First, an extensive expose of the necessary mathematical formalisms for two- and three-vector correlations is given, and then experimental examples for atomic Ca are discussed to elucidate the theory. It is demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally that azimuthal structure about the initial relative velocity vector (called coherence) becomes important when three or more vector quantities are controlled in the collision process. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. NR 55 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD JUL 23 PY 1992 VL 96 IS 15 BP 6136 EP 6146 DI 10.1021/j100194a012 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA JF326 UT WOS:A1992JF32600012 ER PT J AU STEELE, LP DLUGOKENCKY, EJ LANG, PM TANS, PP MARTIN, RC MASARIE, KA AF STEELE, LP DLUGOKENCKY, EJ LANG, PM TANS, PP MARTIN, RC MASARIE, KA TI SLOWING DOWN OF THE GLOBAL ACCUMULATION OF ATMOSPHERIC METHANE DURING THE 1980S SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC METHANE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ICE-CORE; INCREASE; TRENDS; SINKS AB MEASUREMENTS of methane in modern air1-8 and in air trapped in ice cores9-12 have shown convincingly that the abundance of atmospheric methane has been rising since the Industrial Revolution. This is a matter of concern because of the important role of methane in determining the radiative balance and chemical composition of the atmosphere13. The causes of this increase have not been identified unambiguously because of uncertainties in our understanding of the global budget of atmospheric methane14 and in how it is changing with time. Here we report on measurements of atmospheric methane from an extensive global network of flask sampling sites, which reveal that, although methane continues to accumulate in the atmosphere, there has been a substantial slowing of the global accumulation rate between 1983 and 1990. If this deceleration continues steadily, global methane concentrations will reach a maximum around the year 2006. Our results hint that changes in methane emissions in the latitude band 30-90-degrees N may be of particular significance to this trend. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. CSIRO,DIV ATMOSPHER RES,MORDIALLOC,VIC 3195,AUSTRALIA. RP STEELE, LP (reprint author), NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Steele, Paul/B-3185-2009 OI Steele, Paul/0000-0002-8234-3730 NR 25 TC 218 Z9 231 U1 0 U2 5 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 23 PY 1992 VL 358 IS 6384 BP 313 EP 316 DI 10.1038/358313a0 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JE684 UT WOS:A1992JE68400058 ER PT J AU GULDI, DM NETA, P HAMBRIGHT, P AF GULDI, DM NETA, P HAMBRIGHT, P TI OXIDATION OF CHROMIUM(III) PORPHYRINS TO THEIR PI-RADICAL CATIONS OR TO OXOCHROMIUM(IV) PORPHYRINS SO JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY-FARADAY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID ONE-ELECTRON TRANSFER; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; PULSE-RADIOLYSIS; PEROXYL RADICALS; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; METALLOPORPHYRINS; EPOXIDATION; COMPLEXES; RESONANCE; ELECTROREDUCTION AB One-electron oxidation of several chromium(III) porphyrins has been studied by steady-state and pulse radiolysis techniques under different conditions. Two types of products are observed: those exhibiting intense broad absorptions at lambda greater-than-or-equal-to 600 nm, ascribed to the pi-radical cations, and others exhibiting minor shifts of the porphyrin bands, ascribed to chromium(IV) porphyrins. Cr(III)OEP (octaethylporphyrin), Cr(III)TPP (tetraphenylporphyrin), and Cr(III)TMP (tetramesitylporphyrin) in CH2Cl2 undergo one-electron oxidation on the ligand to give pi-radical cations, which are stable after ligation, and further oxidation gives the dications. In the presence of KOH, however, they form Cr(IV)-porphyrins and further radiolysis gives Cr(V)-porphyrins. Cr(III)TSPP [tetrakis (4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin], Cr(III)T3PyP [tetrakis(3-pyridyl)porphyrin], and Cr(III)MSP (mesoporphyrin-IX), oxidized in 1 mol dm-3 aqueous HCl, form unstable pi-radical cations which decay by disproportionation. The pulse radiolysis results indicate that the initial step in the oxidation of all Cr(III)P and O-Cr(IV)P species occurs at the porphyrin pi-system and that, under certain conditions, the initial pi-radical cation may undergo intramolecular electron transfer from the metal centre to the ligand to form the higher oxidation state Cr-porphyrin. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. HOWARD UNIV,DEPT CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20059. RI Guldi, Dirk/G-1422-2015 NR 44 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4WF SN 0956-5000 J9 J CHEM SOC FARADAY T JI J. Chem. Soc.-Faraday Trans. PD JUL 21 PY 1992 VL 88 IS 14 BP 2013 EP 2019 DI 10.1039/ft9928802013 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA JE780 UT WOS:A1992JE78000013 ER PT J AU MAMILETI, L WANG, CMJ YOUNG, M VECCHIA, DF AF MAMILETI, L WANG, CMJ YOUNG, M VECCHIA, DF TI OPTICAL FIBER GEOMETRY BY GRAY-SCALE ANALYSIS WITH ROBUST REGRESSION SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE DIMENSIONAL MEASUREMENTS; FIBER GEOMETRY; GRAY-SCALE ANALYSIS; LEAST MEDIAN OF SQUARES; OUTLIER DETECTION; ROBUST REGRESSION; OPTICAL FIBERS; VIDEO MICROSCOPY ID CIRCLE AB We have used least-median-of-squares (LMS) regression to analyze gray-scale images of optical fiber ends. This regression is a form of robust regression that ignores outlying data points. We fitted ellipses to the images of each of two fiber ends by using LMS and least-sum-of-squares regression. The two methods yielded nearly identical results on a pristine fiber end, but the LMS method was far superior on a damaged fiber end, even though we made no effort to filter the outlying data points. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,BOULDER,CO 80309. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV STAT ENGN,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP MAMILETI, L (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 20 PY 1992 VL 31 IS 21 BP 4182 EP 4185 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA JE407 UT WOS:A1992JE40700016 PM 20725400 ER PT J AU PALMER, AJ AF PALMER, AJ TI DELTA-K-LIDAR SENSING OF THE OCEAN SURFACE SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE DELTA-K LIDAR; OCEAN WAVE REMOTE SENSING; SURFACE CURRENT REMOTE SENSING ID FREQUENCY AB A new lidar technique for detecting ocean surface waves is analyzed theoretically. The method is based on the DELTA-k-radar technique and detects the modulation of the low-frequency product of two frequency-separated backscattered laser fields. It is shown that this DELTA-k-lidar technique can have a much larger signal-to-noise ratio than DELTA-k-radar, primarily because of its ability to aperture average the speckle noise in the backscattered fields. RP PALMER, AJ (reprint author), NOAA,WAVE PROPAGAT LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 20 PY 1992 VL 31 IS 21 BP 4275 EP 4279 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA JE407 UT WOS:A1992JE40700028 PM 20725412 ER PT J AU CHURNSIDE, JH LATAITIS, RJ WILSON, JJ AF CHURNSIDE, JH LATAITIS, RJ WILSON, JJ TI 2-COLOR CORRELATION OF ATMOSPHERIC SCINTILLATION SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID TURBULENT ATMOSPHERE; INNER SCALE; INTENSITY; SPECTRUM AB We present the results of measurements of the correlation of scintillations of two colors of light made in the turbulent atmosphere. In strong path-integrated turbulence the correlation is below that predicted by the weak-turbulence theory. A phenomological theoretical approach is used to account for saturation effects. This simple theory provides a reasonable approximation to the correlation data. Thus, we conclude that saturation effects reduce the two-color correlation of atmospheric scintillation. RP CHURNSIDE, JH (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,R-E-WP5,325 S BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Churnside, James/H-4873-2013 NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 20 PY 1992 VL 31 IS 21 BP 4285 EP 4290 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA JE407 UT WOS:A1992JE40700030 PM 20725414 ER PT J AU KAUTZ, RL ONO, RH REINTSEMA, CD AF KAUTZ, RL ONO, RH REINTSEMA, CD TI EFFECT OF THERMAL NOISE ON SHAPIRO STEPS IN HIGH-T(C) JOSEPHSON WEAK LINKS SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The amplitudes of Shapiro steps are measured at temperatures up to 77 K for a superconductor-normal metal-superconductor Josephson weak link fabricated from YBa2Cu3O7-delta with a Ag-Au alloy bridge. The step amplitudes are found to be in agreement with calculations based on the resistively shunted-junction model when the Johnson noise of the junction resistance is included. RP KAUTZ, RL (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 13 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 20 PY 1992 VL 61 IS 3 BP 342 EP 344 DI 10.1063/1.107931 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA JE524 UT WOS:A1992JE52400034 ER PT J AU RAMASWAMY, V FREIDENREICH, SM AF RAMASWAMY, V FREIDENREICH, SM TI A STUDY OF BROAD-BAND PARAMETERIZATIONS OF THE SOLAR RADIATIVE INTERACTIONS WITH WATER-VAPOR AND WATER DROPS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; CLOUD ABSORPTION; ATMOSPHERES; CLIMATE AB Reference radiative transfer solutions in the near-infrared spectrum, which account for the spectral absorption characteristics of the water vapor molecule and the absorbing-scattering features of water drops, are employed to investigate and develop broadband treatments of solar water vapor absorption and cloud radiative effects. The conceptually simple and widely used Lacis-Hansen parameterization for solar water vapor absorption is modified so as to yield excellent agreement in the clear sky heating rates. The problem of single cloud decks over a nonreflecting surface is used to highlight the factors involved in the development of broadband overcast sky parameterizations. Three factors warrant considerable attention: (1) the manner in which the spectrally dependent drop single-scattering values are used to obtain the broadband cloud radiative properties, (2) the effect of the spectral attenuation by the vapor above the cloud on the determination of the broadband drop reflection and transmission, and (3) the broadband treatment of the spectrally dependent absorption due to drops and vapor inside the cloud. The solar flux convergence in clouds is very sensitive to all these considerations. Ignoring effect 2 tends to overestimate the cloud heating, particularly for low clouds, while a poor treatment of effect 3 leads to an underestimate. A new parameterization that accounts for the aforementioned considerations is accurate to within approximately 30% over a wide range of overcast sky conditions, including solar zenith angles and cloud characteristics (altitudes, drop models, optical depths, and geometrical thicknesses), with the largest inaccuracies occurring for geometrically thick, extended cloud systems containing large amounts of vapor. Broadband methods that treat improperly one or more of the above considerations can yield substantially higher errors (>35%) for some overcast sky conditions while having better agreements over limited portions of the parameter range. For example, a technique that considers effect 3 but ignores effect 2 yields a partial compensation of errors of opposite sign, such that the resulting inaccuracy for geometrically thick clouds can be less than 20%. In contrast to the marked sensitivity of the cloud heating rates, the maximum relative errors in the reflected flux at the top of the overcast atmosphere and the transmitted flux at the surface do not vary appreciably under the various broadband treatments; with the new parameterization, the relative errors are less than 15%. In applying the broadband concept to overcast atmospheres with multiple cloud decks, there are cases when the errors can be larger than stated above. Hence a general use of broadband methods in weather prediction and climate models (e.g., general circulation models) should be accompanied by a realization of the potential inaccuracies that can occur for specific overcast sky cases. C1 PRINCETON UNIV, NOAA, GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB, PRINCETON, NJ 08542 USA. RP RAMASWAMY, V (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV, ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI PROGRAM, PRINCETON, NJ 08542 USA. NR 24 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 20 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D11 BP 11487 EP 11512 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JG656 UT WOS:A1992JG65600002 ER PT J AU MATROSOV, SY UTTAL, T SNIDER, JB KROPFLI, RA AF MATROSOV, SY UTTAL, T SNIDER, JB KROPFLI, RA TI ESTIMATION OF ICE-CLOUD PARAMETERS FROM GROUND-BASED INFRARED RADIOMETER AND RADAR MEASUREMENTS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CIRRUS CLOUDS; MICROWAVE; ATMOSPHERES; SCATTERING; PARTICLES AB A technique is presented to estimate ice cloud particle characteristic sizes and concentrations as well as the integrated ice water path from simultaneous ground-based radar and infrared radiometer measurements. The approach is based on the theoretical consideration of infrared thermal radiative transfer within a cloud and can be applied to clouds that are semitransparent in the infrared "window" and horizontally extensive. The suggested technique is applied to radar and infrared radiometer data collected during the Cloud Lidar and Radar Exploratory Test (CLARET-I) experiment. Retrieved values of ice cloud microphysical parameters are in general agreement with results obtained by other methods. C1 NOAA, ENVIRONM RES LABS, WAVE PROPAGAT LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RP MATROSOV, SY (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO, NOAA, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, R-E-WP6, 325 BROADWAY, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NR 22 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 20 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D11 BP 11567 EP 11574 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JG656 UT WOS:A1992JG65600008 ER PT J AU SAVOIE, DL PROSPERO, JM OLTMANS, SJ GRAUSTEIN, WC TUREKIAN, KK MERRILL, JT LEVY, H AF SAVOIE, DL PROSPERO, JM OLTMANS, SJ GRAUSTEIN, WC TUREKIAN, KK MERRILL, JT LEVY, H TI SOURCES OF NITRATE AND OZONE IN THE MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER OF THE TROPICAL NORTH-ATLANTIC SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; SAHARAN DUST; NITRIC-ACID; AMBIENT AIR; ATMOSPHERE; AEROSOLS; BARBADOS; PACIFIC AB During the period April 1989 through December 1990, O3 concentrations in the marine boundary layer at Barbados, West Indies, show a pronounced seasonal cycle. Daily averaged values in the winter and spring often fall in the range of 25-35 ppbv for periods of several days, and they seldom fall below 20 ppbv. In contrast, during the summer, values typically fall in the range of 10-20 ppbv. During the winter-spring period, there is a very strong negative correlation between O3 and a number of aerosol species, including NO3-. These anticorrelations appear to be driven by changing transport patterns over the North Atlantic as opposed to chemical reactions involving O3 and nitrogen species in the atmosphere. Analyses of isentropic trajectories clearly show that high O3 and low NO3- are associated with transport from higher latitudes and high altitudes. Conversely, high NO3- and relatively low O3 are associated with transport from Africa. Our study suggests that North America and the middle troposphere (and stratosphere) are not strong sources for NO3- over the tropical North Atlantic. The strong correlation of NO3- with Pb-210 and the weaker correlation with Saharan dust indicates that NO3- is derived principally from continental surface sources, probably in Europe and North Africa, but not from the Saharan soil material itself. During several extended periods, NO3- and Pb-210 were strongly correlated and their concentrations were high relative to nss SO4=; these factors, coupled with trajectories originating in Africa, suggest that African biomass burning was a significant source at these times. In contrast, biomass burning appears to be a minor source for O3 as measured at Barbados, perhaps accounting for an enhancement of about 5 ppbv at most during these periods. C1 YALE UNIV, DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS, NEW HAVEN, CT 06511 USA. NOAA, GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB, PRINCETON, NJ 08542 USA. UNIV RHODE ISL, GRAD SCH OCEANOG, CTR ATMOSPHERE CHEM STUDIES, NARRAGANSETT, RI 02882 USA. NOAA, ENVIRONM RES LABS, CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RP SAVOIE, DL (reprint author), UNIV MIAMI, ROSENSTIEL SCH MARINE & ATMOSPHER SCI, DIV MARINE & ATMOSPHER CHEM, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA. OI Prospero, Joseph/0000-0003-3608-6160 NR 44 TC 63 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 20 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D11 BP 11575 EP 11589 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JG656 UT WOS:A1992JG65600009 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, EJ SANDHOLM, ST BRADSHAW, JD SCHENDEL, JS LANGFORD, AO QUINN, PK LEBEL, PJ VAY, SA ROBERTS, PD NORTON, RB WATKINS, BA BUHR, MP PARRISH, DD CALVERT, JG FEHSENFELD, FC AF WILLIAMS, EJ SANDHOLM, ST BRADSHAW, JD SCHENDEL, JS LANGFORD, AO QUINN, PK LEBEL, PJ VAY, SA ROBERTS, PD NORTON, RB WATKINS, BA BUHR, MP PARRISH, DD CALVERT, JG FEHSENFELD, FC TI AN INTERCOMPARISON OF 5 AMMONIA MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA; NITRIC-ACID; UNITED-STATES; AMBIENT AIR; SYSTEM AB An intercomparison has been conducted among five instruments which measure gas phase ammonia at low concentration in the atmosphere: (1) a photofragmentation/laser-induced fluorescence (PF/LIF) instrument; (2) a molybdenum oxide annular denuder sampling/chemiluminescence detection (MOADS) technique; (3) a tungsten oxide denuder sampling/chemiluminescence detection (DARE) system; (4) a citric acid coated denuder sampling/ion chromatographic analysis (CAD/IC) method; and (5) an oxalic acid coated filter pack sampling/colorimetric analysis (FP/COL) method. Mixtures of ammonia in air at flow rates of 1800 (STP) L/min and concentrations from 0.1 to 14 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) with the addition of possible interferants (CH3NH2, CH3CN, NO, NO2, O3, and H2O) were provided for simultaneous tests. In addition, the five instruments made simultaneous ambient air measurements both from a common manifold and from their separate inlets located at a common height above the ground. Several conclusions were reached: (1) No artifacts or interferences were conclusively established for any of the techniques, although CH3NH2 may interfere in the MOADS system. (2) Measurements from the PF/LIF and the CAD/IC methods agreed well with the prepared mixtures over the full range of ammonia. concentrations. The high specificity and time resolution (1 min) of the PF/LIF results allowed data from this technique to be used as a basis set for comparisons. (-3) For fog-free conditions, ambient measurements from all of the instruments generally agreed to within a factor of 2 for ammonia levels above 0.5 ppbv. The CAD/IC and PF/LIF instruments agreed to within 15% on average for all ambient data. (4) The slope from linear regression analysis of separate inlet ambient air measurements indicated that the DARE data agreed with those from the PF/LIF system to within 7%. The linear regression line intercept was 216 parts per trillion by volume (pptv), which may indicate a positive interference in the DARE data, but the DARE data were closer to the PF/LIF data (50 - 100 pptv higher) at the lowest ambient ammonia levels. (5) The FP/COL method measured about 66% of the ammonia as determined by the PF/LIF technique and measured even lower fractional levels in the prepared samples. These low values indicate a loss of ammonia, possibly on the Teflon prefilter, under the conditions of this study (cold temperatures and generally low relative humidity). (6)The MOADS ambient air data were about 64% of the ammonia that was observed by the PF/LIF method for levels greater than about 1 ppbv, and below this level it overestimated ammonia. Problems with the MOADS calibrations and inlets may have been responsible. (7) Ambient air data from the one period of fog formation indicated that ambient ammonia was primarily partitioned into the condensed phase, leaving the interstitial air greatly depleted. Volatilization of absorbed ammonia from water droplets entrained in the sampled air appeared to influence the MOADS system. This did not appear to affect the FP/COL, CAD/IC, or PF/LIF results as a result of fast sample flows and/or operation at ambient temperatures. C1 UNIV COLORADO, NOAA, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. GEORGIA INST TECHNOL, SCH EARTH & ATMOSPHER SCI, ATLANTA, GA 30332 USA. NASA, LANGLEY RES CTR, HAMPTON, VA 23665 USA. HAMPTON UNIV, HAMPTON, VA USA. RP WILLIAMS, EJ (reprint author), NOAA, AERON LAB, 325 BROADWAY, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RI Langford, Andrew/D-2323-2009; Williams, Eric/F-1184-2010; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI Langford, Andrew/0000-0002-2932-7061; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 NR 29 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 20 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D11 BP 11591 EP 11611 DI 10.1029/92JD00721 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JG656 UT WOS:A1992JG65600010 ER PT J AU COAKLEY, JP CAREY, JH EADIE, BJ AF COAKLEY, JP CAREY, JH EADIE, BJ TI SPECIFIC ORGANIC-COMPONENTS AS TRACERS OF CONTAMINATED FINE SEDIMENT DISPERSAL IN LAKE-ONTARIO NEAR TORONTO SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON SEDIMENT / WATER INTERACTIONS CY AUG 06-09, 1990 CL UPPSALA, SWEDEN SP INT ASSOC SEDIMENT WATER SCI, NATL SWEDISH ENVIRONM PROTECT BOARD, UPPSALA UNIV, UPPSALA WATER CTR DE SEDIMENT TRANSPORT TRACERS; GREAT LAKES; ORGANIC COMPONENTS ID ISOTOPE RATIOS; SEWAGE; CARBON; COPROSTANOL; NITROGEN; INDUSTRIAL; INDICATOR; ESTUARY AB Bottom sediments around the outfall of the Humber Sewage Treatment Plant (STP), which, with the Humber River, comprises the major contaminant point source emptying into Humber Bay, Lake Ontario, were analyzed for a number of cultural and industrial organic contaminants, including sewage-related compounds such as the faecal sterol coprostanol, alpha-tocopheryl acetate (alpha-TA), linear-chain n-alkane hydrocarbons, and carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of refractory sediment organic matter. The goal was to test these chemical markers as tracers of contaminated fine sediment transport. Although these chemical species are not all conservative (some decompose at fairly rapid rates), they are believed to be good 'natural' tags for fine sediment and should nonetheless exhibit clear dispersal plumes from a presumed source. Their plumes can thus provide an effective way to obtain qualitative, intermediate- and long-term transport pathway indicators for contaminated sediments discharged on a continuing basis. The contoured plots for coprostanol, alpha-tocopheryl acetate, and n-alkane distribution were characterized by high values near the STP outfall, and these tracers were detectable at distances of 1 km or more. Interpretation of the net transport patterns indicates a primary transport toward the south and southwest, with a secondary trend northward, curving eastward. The carbon and nitrogen ratios, while showing a slightly different pattern, served to differentiate STP-source materials from those coming from the river and the open lake. Thus, transport from these sources, sometimes in the opposite direction to that from the main source, were resolved. Systematic variations in the interpreted transport patterns are explained by the presence of different pathways taken by the sediments, i.e. whether bedload or suspended load in a stratified water column. C1 GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,ANN ARBOR,MI. RP COAKLEY, JP (reprint author), NATL WATER RES INST BRANCH,867 LAKESHORE RD,BURLINGTON L7R 4A6,ONTARIO,CANADA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JUL 17 PY 1992 VL 235 BP 85 EP 96 DI 10.1007/BF00026202 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA JM308 UT WOS:A1992JM30800008 ER PT J AU MCLAREN, AS WALSH, JE BOURKE, RH WEAVER, RL WITTMANN, W AF MCLAREN, AS WALSH, JE BOURKE, RH WEAVER, RL WITTMANN, W TI VARIABILITY IN SEA-ICE THICKNESS OVER THE NORTH-POLE FROM 1977 TO 1990 SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID ARCTIC BASIN AB CHANGES in the thickness of polar sea-ice have the potential to provide a signal of climate change, but attempts to identify trends must take into account the range of natural variability. Here we present an analysis of measurements of the subsurface ice thickness (draft) of sea-ice around the North Pole made from 1977 to 1990. These data were collected during six submarine cruises in late April/early May of 1977, 1979, 1986, 1987, 1988 and 1990, and represent the most extensive dataset so far for ice draft in the central Arctic at the same season and location. The results reveal considerable interannual variability both in mean ice draft (+/-1.0 m) and in open-water extent (+/-2.5%). This variability limits the confidence that can be placed in any apparent trends observed for sea-ice thickness or type since the late 1970s, and illustrates the need for a reliable baseline against which to assess future trends. C1 SCI SERV INC,WASHINGTON,DC 20036. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI,URBANA,IL 61801. USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT OCEANOG,MONTEREY,CA 93943. UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP MCLAREN, AS (reprint author), COLUMBIA UNIV,LAMONT DOHERTY GEOL OBSERV,PALISADES,NY 10964, USA. NR 9 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 4 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 16 PY 1992 VL 358 IS 6383 BP 224 EP 226 DI 10.1038/358224a0 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JD587 UT WOS:A1992JD58700050 ER PT J AU PINE, AS AF PINE, AS TI SELF-BROADENING, N2-BROADENING, O2-BROADENING, H2-BROADENING, AR-BROADENING, AND HE-BROADENING IN THE NU-3 BAND Q-BRANCH OF CH4 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TUNABLE DIODE-LASER; ROTATIONAL ENERGY-TRANSFER; INFRARED DOUBLE-RESONANCE; INDUCED LINE SHIFTS; LOW-TEMPERATURES; METHANE LINES; LORENTZ WIDTH; HALF-WIDTHS; V3 BAND; (CH4)-C-12 AB Self-, N2-, O2-, H-2-, Ar-, and He-broadening coefficients, pressure shifts, and integrated intensities have been measured for most transitions in the Q branch of the nu-3 fundamental band of methane using a difference-frequency laser spectrometer. A systematic dependence of the broadening coefficients on the tetrahedral symmetry species and order index is observed with striking similarities for N2, O2, and Ar and for H-2 and He buffer gases. Comparison with earlier measurements on other bands and branches of methane indicates very little vibrational, branch, or carbon isotope dependence. Dicke narrowing is evident at intermediate pressures, yielding an average narrowing coefficient and an optical diffusion constant for each gas mixture. A small amount of line mixing is evident for strongly overlapped lines near atmospheric pressure from nonlinear deviations of the observed spectra from the contours extrapolated from lower pressure measurements. RP PINE, AS (reprint author), US TECHNOL ADM,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 68 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 1992 VL 97 IS 2 BP 773 EP 785 DI 10.1063/1.463943 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA JM253 UT WOS:A1992JM25300003 ER PT J AU BLAISTENBAROJAS, E GADZUK, JW AF BLAISTENBAROJAS, E GADZUK, JW TI THE VIBRATIONAL LINE-SHAPE OF DIATOMIC ADSORBATES ON METAL-CLUSTERS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-TRANSFER; SURFACES; MOLECULES; SPECTROSCOPY; RELAXATION; LINESHAPES; LIFETIME; CO/PT(111); PICOSECOND; PARTICLES AB A decrease of at least an order of magnitude in the vibrational relaxation time T1 has been measured for CO bonded to Rh and Co clusters when the size of the cluster increases from 5 to 35 angstrom. We propose that this effect is mainly due to the coupling of the molecular vibration omega-0 with the electron-hole excitations in the cluster. This is described via a model Hamiltonian. The finite size of the clusters give rise to a discrete electronic spectrum, and hence to a discrete pair excitation spectrum. This effect is measured in terms of D, the mean spacing between nearest-neighbor levels in the conduction band of the cluster. We find that: (1) the proposed mechanism starts to contribute to T1 only when D < HBAR-omega-0; (2) T1 is at least several hundred ps for clusters less than 15 angstrom in size; (3) there is a sharp decrease of T1 to about 10 ps as the cluster size increases from 15 to 40 angstrom; (4) T1 decreases smoothly towards the bulk value for larger clusters. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP BLAISTENBAROJAS, E (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT CHEM,BALTIMORE,MD 21218, USA. NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 1992 VL 97 IS 2 BP 862 EP 870 DI 10.1063/1.463189 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA JM253 UT WOS:A1992JM25300013 ER PT J AU SAUDER, DG STEPHENSON, JC KING, DS CASASSA, MP AF SAUDER, DG STEPHENSON, JC KING, DS CASASSA, MP TI NASCENT PRODUCT STATES IN THE PHOTOINITIATED REACTION OF O3 AND H2O SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTODISSOCIATION DYNAMICS; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; CHEMICAL-DYNAMICS; MOLECULAR-BEAM; OH X2-PI-I; PROPENSITIES; COLLISIONS; SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITATION; NM AB The rotational, vibrational and fine-structure state distributions for the reaction O-16(1D) O-16(1D) + (H2O)-O-18 --> (OH)-O-16 + (OH)-O-18, triggered by 266 nm photolysis of O3 have been measured under conditions where less than 1% of the nascent fragments experienced collisions prior to detection. The distributions are qualitatively different than those reported earlier for 266 nm photolysis, which were evidently affected by collisions. The rotational and vibrational state distributions are similar to recent 248 nm photolysis experiments, but with differences attributed to collisional and/or energetic effects in those experiments. The "new" (OH)-O-16 is formed with vibrational populations in the ratio 0.39(upsilon = 0):0.29(upsilon = 1):0.3(upsilon greater-than-or-equal-to 2). Gaussian rotational energy distributions peaked near N = 12 give average rotational energies of [E(rot)] = 3440 and 2780 cm-1 for (OH)-O-16 upsilon = 0 and upsilon = 1, respectively. The "old" (OH)-O-18 is much colder with vibrational populations 0.94(upsilon = 0):0.06(upsilon = 1) and a (OH)-O-18) upsilon = 0 Gaussian rotational energy distribution characterized by [E(rot)] = 1920 cm-1. There is negligible rotational alignment of the (OH)-O-16 fragments [beta(mu-J') = beta-0(2)(02) = 5A2(0)/4 = 0.06 +/- 0.09], which is significantly less than expected for fragment rotations aligned with respect to the O + H2O relative velocity vector. The spin-orbit propensities deviate slightly from the statistical expectation and are characterized by [F2,N]/[F1,N] = (0.89 +/- 0.06) X N/(N + 1). The A-doublet distributions for (OH)-O-18 (all N) and (OH)-O-16 (low-to-moderate N) fragments conform to an unconstrained-dynamics prior distribution. A slight propensity for PI(A') in excess of this expectation is seen for the (OH)-O-16 (high N) fragments. These new results are discussed in terms of possible insertion and abstraction mechanisms for the reaction. RP SAUDER, DG (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 47 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 1992 VL 97 IS 2 BP 952 EP 961 DI 10.1063/1.463198 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA JM253 UT WOS:A1992JM25300023 ER PT J AU JACKSON, FC WALTON, WT HINES, DE WALTER, BA PENG, CY AF JACKSON, FC WALTON, WT HINES, DE WALTER, BA PENG, CY TI SEA-SURFACE MEAN-SQUARE SLOPE FROM K(U)-BAND BACKSCATTER DATA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID GENERATED GRAVITY-WAVES; RADAR CROSS-SECTION; EQUILIBRIUM RANGE; ROUGH-SURFACE; WIND STRESS; SPECTRA; OCEAN; SCATTERING; DEPENDENCE; AIRCRAFT AB Near-nadir, quasi-specular backscatter data obtained with a 14-GHz airborne radar altimeter are analyzed in terms of the surface mean square slope (mss) parameter. The raw mss data, derived from a least squares fitting of a ray optical scattering model to the return waveform, show an approximately linear wind speed dependence over the wind speed range of 7-15 m s-1, with a slope of about one half that of the optically determined mss. Further analysis based on a simple two-scale scattering model indicates that, at the higher wind speeds, approximately 20% of this apparent slope signal can be attributed to diffraction from waves shorter than the estimated diffraction limit of approximately 0.10 m. The present slope data, as well as slope and other data from a variety of sources, are used to draw inferences on the structure of the high wavenumber portion of the wave spectrum. The data support a directionally integrated model height spectrum consisting of wind speed dependent k-5/2 and classical Phillips' k-3 power law subranges in the range of gravity waves, with a transition between the two subranges occurring around 10 times the peak wavenumber, and a Durden and Vesecky wind speed dependent spectrum in the gravity-capillary wave range. With a nominal value of the spectral constant A(u) = 0.002 in the first k-5/2 subrange, this equilibrium spectrum model predicts a mss wind speed dependence that accords with much of the available data at both microwave and optical frequencies. C1 NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98115. SCI SYST & APPLICAT INC,LANHAM,MD 20706. RP JACKSON, FC (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,OCEANS LAB,CODE 971,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 75 TC 88 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL 15 PY 1992 VL 97 IS C7 BP 11411 EP 11427 DI 10.1029/92JC00766 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA JE564 UT WOS:A1992JE56400018 ER PT J AU HARVEY, AH SENGERS, JMHL AF HARVEY, AH SENGERS, JMHL TI LIQUID-LIQUID PHASE-SEPARATION AND CRITICAL EXPONENTS IN IONIC FLUID MIXTURES - COMMENT SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Note ID CRITICAL-POINT; THERMODYNAMICS AB Caccamo and Giacoppo, in a recent Rapid Communication [Phys. Rev. A 42, 6285 (1990)], use the energy-equation form of the mean spherical approximation to model liquid-liquid equilibria for mixtures containing ions. They calculate critical exponents numerically and find classical values, in apparent agreement with some experimental data. We comment that the critical exponents are known a priori to be classical in this form of the approximation, and that therefore the comparison with experimental exponents is not meaningful. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP HARVEY, AH (reprint author), SIMULAT SCI INC,1051 W BASTANCHURY RD,FULLERTON,CA 92633, USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL 15 PY 1992 VL 46 IS 2 BP 1148 EP 1149 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.46.1148 PG 2 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA JF183 UT WOS:A1992JF18300062 ER PT J AU ZIMMERLI, G EILES, TM KAUTZ, RL MARTINIS, JM AF ZIMMERLI, G EILES, TM KAUTZ, RL MARTINIS, JM TI NOISE IN THE COULOMB BLOCKADE ELECTROMETER SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SMALL TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; CHARGE AB We have measured the noise of a Coulomb blockade electrometer. Below 100 Hz, the noise referred to the input charge has a 1/f power spectrum with a charge noise of 3 X 10(-4) e/Square-root Hz and an energy sensitivity E(N) of 3 x 10(4) hBAR at 10 Hz. The 1/f noise probably results from the stochastic occupation of charge traps which could in principle be eliminated. The theoretical noise floor is set by shot noise, and indirect measurements show that this contribution to E(N) can be as small as 1.5 hBAR, suggesting that the electrometer will be a quantum limited amplifier if the 1/f noise can be eliminated. RP ZIMMERLI, G (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NR 17 TC 147 Z9 149 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 13 PY 1992 VL 61 IS 2 BP 237 EP 239 DI 10.1063/1.108195 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA JD352 UT WOS:A1992JD35200040 ER PT J AU BELOV, SP TRETYAKOV, MY SUENRAM, RD AF BELOV, SP TRETYAKOV, MY SUENRAM, RD TI IMPROVED LABORATORY REST FREQUENCY MEASUREMENTS AND PRESSURE SHIFT AND BROADENING PARAMETERS FOR THE J = 2 [- 1 AND J = 3 [- 2 ROTATIONAL TRANSITIONS OF CO SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE LINE, IDENTIFICATION; MOLECULAR DATA AB The J = 2 <-- 1, 3 <-- 2, and the 4 <-- 3 rotational transitions of CO have been measured using the RAD-2 microwave spectrometer at the Applied Physics Institute in Nizhny Novgorod. Pressure shift and broadening parameters were measured for the J = 2 <-- and J = 3 <-- 2 transitions. This was done with CO (self-broadening) and CO2 (foreign gas-broadening). The new laboratory rest frequency measurements are accurate to +/- 2 kHz (2-sigma uncertainty). These improved frequency measurements should be useful in planetary atmosphere research to determine more accurate wind velocities in the Venusian atmosphere. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP BELOV, SP (reprint author), NIZHNY NOVGOROD APPL PHYS INST,ULYANOVA 46,GORKI 603600,USSR. NR 6 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 1992 VL 393 IS 2 BP 848 EP 851 DI 10.1086/171551 PN 1 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA JA516 UT WOS:A1992JA51600037 ER PT J AU WOOLDRIDGE, AL HARRISON, CGA TIVEY, MA RONA, PA SCHOUTEN, H AF WOOLDRIDGE, AL HARRISON, CGA TIVEY, MA RONA, PA SCHOUTEN, H TI MAGNETIC MODELING NEAR SELECTED AREAS OF HYDROTHERMAL ACTIVITY ON THE MID-ATLANTIC AND GORDA RIDGES SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SPREADING CENTERS; MASSIVE SULFIDES; PLATE MOTIONS; RIFT-VALLEY; OCEAN; CREST; TAG; 26-DEGREES-N; FLOOR; FIELD AB Sea surface magnetic and bathymetric data from two areas of observed high-temperature hydrothermal activity in the Atlantic (trans-Atlantic geotraverse, or TAG hydrothermal field) and Pacific (Sea Cliff hydrothermal field) and two areas of inferred hydrothermal activity in the Atlantic (Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) al 15-degrees-N and 17-degrees-N) were studied to determine the effect of vent activity on magnetization of the oceanic crust. All of the sites examined show a low in the magnetic anomaly in varying degrees. Magnetization lows within the axial marine magnetic anomaly have been associated with some areas of active and relict high-temperature hydrothermal venting. A three-dimensional magnetic inversion was performed on magnetic and bathymetric data from the TAG hydrothermal area on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (26-degrees-N), and two-dimensional magnetic inversions were done on individual profiles from the other study sites. The map from the TAG area shows a "negative" in the crustal magnetization solution just to the east of the median valley axis which encompasses the active hydrothermal area. A low in magnetization continues up the eastern wall which suggests alteration of the crust. A distinct low in magnetization is present within the axial anomaly at the Sea Cliff hydrothermal field located on the eastern wall of the Gorda Ridge. The magnetization low becomes less pronounced farther south of the known vent field. Profiles from 15-degrees-N and 17-degrees-N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge show magnetization lows over areas of inferred hydrothermal activity. These lows are present over the the eastern and western walls of the median valley, respectively. The lows observed in the axial marine magnetic anomaly in these four study sites all occur slightly off axis, on crust that is at least 200, 000 years old on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and at least 100, 000 years old on the Gorda Ridge. On the basis of magnetic modeling and measurements of rock magnetic properties, the most probable cause of the low in the magnetization is alteration of the oceanic crust with other subsidiary contributing factors which vary from site to site. The magnetization low over TAG is most probably due to high-temperature hydrothermal alteration of the crust and a thinner layer 2, with possible contributions from reversal events and magma chamber/Curie isotherm effects. The low near the Sea Cliff hydrothermal field on the Gorda Ridge is probably the product of tectonically controlled low-temperature (non-hydrothermal) alteration, high-temperature hydrothermal alteration and magnetic reversal events. At 15-degrees-N and 17-degrees-N on the MAR. the lows may be produced by alteration of the crust due to possible hydrothermal activity. C1 NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,OCD,MIAMI,FL 33149. WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. RP WOOLDRIDGE, AL (reprint author), UNIV MIAMI,ROSENSTIEL SCH MARINE & ATMOSPHER SCI,DIV MARINE GEOL & GEOPHYS,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. RI Harrison, Christopher/A-7726-2009; Tivey, Maurice/E-9247-2015 OI Tivey, Maurice/0000-0003-0821-1155 NR 46 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUL 10 PY 1992 VL 97 IS B7 BP 10911 EP 10926 DI 10.1029/92JB00605 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA JD389 UT WOS:A1992JD38900003 ER PT J AU FOX, CG CHADWICK, WW EMBLEY, RW AF FOX, CG CHADWICK, WW EMBLEY, RW TI DETECTION OF CHANGES IN RIDGE-CREST MORPHOLOGY USING REPEATED MULTIBEAM SONAR SURVEYS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID DE-FUCA RIDGE; SEA BEAM; DEFORMATION AB A quantitative analysis method is developed to objectively identify significant bathymetric changes between multibeam sonar surveys of the same seafloor area. The technique involves mathematical gridding of bathymetric surveys from different years, co-registration of grids based on prominent features covered in both surveys, calculation of slope-weighted depth difference grids, and determination of the boundaries of statistically significant differences. The resulting difference grids are used in interpreting geological processes and calculating the volume of new material added to the seafloor. The method is applied to data from the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge, where a seafloor volcanic eruption of 0.05 km3 is inferred to have occurred between 1983 and 1987. Camera-tow data and submersible observations provide ground truth which confirms the validity of the quantitative analysis method, and indicates empirically that the detection limit of the method allows new seafloor landforms measuring 1 x 10(5) m2 in area (or about 200-300 m in diameter) and 5-15 m in thickness to be detected through repeated Sea Beam bathymetric surveys. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,COOPERAT INST MARINE RESOURCES STUDIES,HATFIELD MARINE SCI CTR,NEWPORT,OR 97365. RP FOX, CG (reprint author), NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,HATFIELD MARINE SCI CTR,NEWPORT,OR 97365, USA. NR 17 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUL 10 PY 1992 VL 97 IS B7 BP 11149 EP 11162 DI 10.1029/92JB00601 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA JD389 UT WOS:A1992JD38900018 ER PT J AU TALUKDAR, RK MELLOUKI, A SCHMOLTNER, AM WATSON, T MONTZKA, S RAVISHANKARA, AR AF TALUKDAR, RK MELLOUKI, A SCHMOLTNER, AM WATSON, T MONTZKA, S RAVISHANKARA, AR TI KINETICS OF THE OH REACTION WITH METHYL CHLOROFORM AND ITS ATMOSPHERIC IMPLICATIONS SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID 1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE; MECHANISM AB The rate coefficients for the reaction of hydroxyl (OH) radicals with methyl chloroform (CH3CCl3) were measured between 243 and 379 kelvin with the pulsed photolysis-laser-induced fluorescence method. The measured rate Coefficients at 298 and 277 kelvin were approximately 20 and approximately 15%, respectively, lower than earlier values. These results will increase the tropospheric OH concentrations derived from the CH3CCl3 budget analysis by approximately 15%. The predicted atmospheric lifetimes of species whose main loss process is the reaction with OH in the troposphere will be lowered by 15% with consequent changes in their budgets, global warming potentials, and ozone depletion potentials. C1 NOAA,ENVIRONM LABS,AERON LAB 2,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. NOAA,CLIMATE & DIAGNOST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. RI TALUKDAR, RANAJIT/G-4530-2013; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011; Mellouki, Abdelwahid/H-5219-2011; OI TALUKDAR, RANAJIT/0000-0001-6017-8431; Mellouki, Abdelwahid/0000-0002-6594-5262; Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400 NR 17 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 10 PY 1992 VL 257 IS 5067 BP 227 EP 230 DI 10.1126/science.257.5067.227 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JC585 UT WOS:A1992JC58500034 PM 17794755 ER PT J AU KLEINROCK, MC HEY, RN THEBERGE, AE AF KLEINROCK, MC HEY, RN THEBERGE, AE TI PRACTICAL GEOLOGICAL COMPARISON OF SOME SEA-FLOOR SURVEY INSTRUMENTS SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Seafloor survey instruments are integral to the study of marine geology. Because understanding their resolution and limitations is critical, we compare how different survey systems represent the seafloor. Coincident data collected at the Galapagos propagator (GLORIA, SeaMARC II, Sea Beam, Deep-Tow, camera sled, and Alvin) allow comparisons of how well seafloor features (e.g., faults and volcanoes) observed and characterized in high resolution data are represented in lower resolution, coarser-scale data sets. Our reported values for the minimum sizes of detected and well-represented features show that practical geological resolutions are generally approximately 2-10 times lower than theoretical resolutions; care must be taken in evaluating which system to use to address a particular problem. C1 NOAA,NATL OCEAN SERV,CHARTING & GEODET SERV,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. UNIV HAWAII MANOA,DEPT OCEANOG,HONOLULU,HI 96822. RP KLEINROCK, MC (reprint author), WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 8 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 6 PY 1992 VL 19 IS 13 BP 1407 EP 1410 DI 10.1029/92GL01390 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA JC596 UT WOS:A1992JC59600022 ER PT J AU JESSEN, PS GERZ, C LETT, PD PHILLIPS, WD ROLSTON, SL SPREEUW, RJC WESTBROOK, CI AF JESSEN, PS GERZ, C LETT, PD PHILLIPS, WD ROLSTON, SL SPREEUW, RJC WESTBROOK, CI TI OBSERVATION OF QUANTIZED MOTION OF RB ATOMS IN AN OPTICAL-FIELD SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RADIATION PRESSURE; DOPPLER LIMIT; LASER AB We observe transitions of laser-cooled Rb between vibrational levels in subwavelength-sized optical potential wells, using high-resolution spectroscopy of resonance fluorescence. We measure the spacing of the levels and the population distribution, and find the atoms to be localized to 1/15 of the optical wavelength. We find up to 60% of the population of trapped atoms in the vibrational ground state. The dependence of the spectrum on the parameters of the optical field provides detailed information about the dynamics of laser-cooled atoms. C1 AARHUS UNIV,INST PHYS & ASTRON,DK-8000 AARHUS,DENMARK. RP JESSEN, PS (reprint author), US TECHNOL ADM,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,PHYS A167,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Jessen, Poul/A-5433-2009; Westbrook, Christoph/B-6092-2009; rolston, steven/L-5175-2013; Spreeuw, Robert/B-7571-2008 OI Westbrook, Christoph/0000-0002-6490-0468; rolston, steven/0000-0003-1671-4190; Spreeuw, Robert/0000-0002-2631-5698 NR 17 TC 273 Z9 275 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 6 PY 1992 VL 69 IS 1 BP 49 EP 52 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.69.49 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA JC221 UT WOS:A1992JC22100013 ER PT J AU EILES, TM ZIMMERLI, G JENSEN, HD MARTINIS, JM AF EILES, TM ZIMMERLI, G JENSEN, HD MARTINIS, JM TI THERMAL ENHANCEMENT OF COTUNNELING IN ULTRA-SMALL TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC CHARGE; QUANTUM AB We have measured the cotunneling current below the Coulomb blockade threshold in a circuit of two ultra-small metallic tunnel junctions. The thermal enhancement of cotunneling, as well as the island-charge dependence, is in excellent agreement with theory. Circuit parameters were measured enabling theoretical and experimental values for the cotunneling current to be compared without adjustable parameters. This comparison yielded agreement within the 15% uncertainty of the experiment. Data showing the cotunneling current near the threshold voltage are also presented. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. DANISH INST FUNDAMENTAL METROL,DK-2800 LYNGBY,DENMARK. RP EILES, TM (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 16 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 6 PY 1992 VL 69 IS 1 BP 148 EP 151 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.69.148 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA JC221 UT WOS:A1992JC22100038 ER PT J AU AN, M LU, C PRINCE, E TOLIMIERI, R AF AN, M LU, C PRINCE, E TOLIMIERI, R TI FAST FOURIER-TRANSFORM ALGORITHMS FOR REAL AND SYMMETRICAL DATA SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION A LA English DT Article ID DISCRETE AB Procedures are described for computing the Fourier transforms of one-dimensional periodic sequences of real numbers and sequences that contain Hermitian and translational symmetry. Transforms from real sequences to Hermitian sequences and back are particularly efficient if the number of grid points in a period is two or four times an odd number. If the relation between points that are separated by half of a period is a change of sign or complex conjugate, periods that are a power of two times an odd number are also favorable for constructing algorithms that minimize redundant computations and complex multiplications. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. CUNY,CTR LARGE SCALE COMPUTAT,NEW YORK,NY 10036. TOWSON STATE UNIV,DEPT COMP & INFORMAT SCI,BALTIMORE,MD 21204. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0108-7673 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR A JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A PD JUL 1 PY 1992 VL 48 BP 415 EP 418 DI 10.1107/S0108767391015039 PN 4 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA JF299 UT WOS:A1992JF29900002 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, JE CAHN, JW HANDWERKER, CA AF TAYLOR, JE CAHN, JW HANDWERKER, CA TI GEOMETRIC .1. MODELS OF CRYSTAL-GROWTH SO ACTA METALLURGICA ET MATERIALIA LA English DT Review ID ORDER-DISORDER TRANSITION; MEAN-CURVATURE; VECTOR THERMODYNAMICS; ANISOTROPIC SURFACES; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; ASYMPTOTIC LIMITS; KINEMATIC THEORY; HELE-SHAW; EVOLUTION; EQUATIONS AB Recent theoretical advances in the mathematical treatment of geometric interface motion make more tractable the theory of a wide variety of materials science problems where the interface velocity is not controlled by long-range-diffusion. Among the interface motion problems that can be modelled as geometric are certain types of phase changes, crystal growth, domain growth, grain growth. ion beam and chemical etching, and coherency stress driven interface migration. We provide an introduction to nine mathematical methods for solving such problems, give the limits of applicability of the methods, and discuss the relations among them theoretically and their uses in computation. Comparisons of some of them are made by displaying how the same physical problems are treated in the various applicable methods. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP TAYLOR, JE (reprint author), RUTGERS STATE UNIV, DEPT MATH, NEW BRUNSWICK, NJ 08903 USA. NR 135 TC 205 Z9 205 U1 4 U2 46 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-7151 J9 ACTA METALL MATER JI Acta Metall. Mater. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 40 IS 7 BP 1443 EP 1474 DI 10.1016/0956-7151(92)90090-2 PG 32 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA HZ038 UT WOS:A1992HZ03800002 ER PT J AU SCHAEFER, RJ JANOWSKI, GM AF SCHAEFER, RJ JANOWSKI, GM TI PHASE-TRANSFORMATION EFFECTS DURING HIP OF TIAL SO ACTA METALLURGICA ET MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID TITANIUM ALUMINIDE POWDERS; DENSIFICATION; DIAGRAMS; MODELS AB The densification of titanium aluminide powders during hot isostatic pressing has been measured in situ by an eddy-current sensor. The samples were found to experience enhanced densification as they transformed from an initial metastable alpha-2 structure to an equilibrium structure consisting mostly of the gamma-phase. The temperature at which the enhanced densification occurred corresponded closely to the temperature at which an exotherm is observed by differential thermal analysis. Evaluation of several possible explanations for this enhanced densification indicates that it is most probably the result of transformation plasticity. RP SCHAEFER, RJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, MAT SCI & ENGN LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RI Janowski, Gregg/A-6354-2011 OI Janowski, Gregg/0000-0001-8384-4820 NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-7151 J9 ACTA METALL MATER JI Acta Metall. Mater. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 40 IS 7 BP 1645 EP 1651 DI 10.1016/0956-7151(92)90107-P PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA HZ038 UT WOS:A1992HZ03800019 ER PT J AU RYER, CH OLLA, BL AF RYER, CH OLLA, BL TI SOCIAL MECHANISMS FACILITATING EXPLOITATION OF SPATIALLY-VARIABLE EPHEMERAL FOOD PATCHES IN A PELAGIC MARINE FISH SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE WALLEYE POLLOCK; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; INFORMATION-TRANSFER; BLUNTNOSE MINNOWS; PREDATOR PRESENCE; SHOAL SIZE; ALASKA RP RYER, CH (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,HATFIELD MARINE SCI CTR,NW & ALASKA FISHERIES CTR,NEWPORT,OR 97365, USA. NR 20 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0003-3472 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 44 IS 1 BP 69 EP 74 DI 10.1016/S0003-3472(05)80756-0 PG 6 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA JF046 UT WOS:A1992JF04600009 ER PT J AU TUNG, MS TOMAZIC, B BROWN, WE AF TUNG, MS TOMAZIC, B BROWN, WE TI THE EFFECTS OF MAGNESIUM AND FLUORIDE ON THE HYDROLYSIS OF OCTACALCIUM PHOSPHATE SO ARCHIVES OF ORAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ADSORPTION; BIOMINERALIZATION; HYDROLYSIS; FLUORIDE; MAGNESIUM; OCTACALCIUM PHOSPHATE ID DENTAL ENAMEL; CRYSTALLIZATION; SOLUBILITY; IONS; OCP AB The adsorption of Mg ions on octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and its effect on OCP hydrolysis, with and without F, were studied. The Mg adsorption isotherm was fitted by the Langmuir model with an affinity constant of 0.74 ml/mu-mol and maximum number of sites, 31.19-mu-mol/g. The hydrolysis rates were measured in a pH stat by titration of base and were strongly temperature dependent. The products were examined by X-ray diffraction and chemical analysis. OCP hydrolysis takes place in two stages: the fast initial process, which is attributed to the surface topotactical conversion, followed by the main, slower process, which involves the nucleation and crystal growth. Mg ions, as 1 mmol/l MgCl2, prevented the initial surface reaction and decreased the nucleation rate dramatically and the growth rate slightly; F increased the rates of surface reaction and both the nucleation and crystal growth processes. The Ca/P ratio (1.53) and the line broadening in the X-ray diffraction patterns of the apatitic products were not significantly affected by the F. Mg also did not affect the Ca/P ratio and the line broadening at (002) diffraction, but decreased the line broadening at (310) diffraction. RP TUNG, MS (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,AMER DENT ASSOC,HLTH FDN,PAFFENBARGER RES CTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE08916] NR 36 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0003-9969 J9 ARCH ORAL BIOL JI Arch. Oral Biol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 37 IS 7 BP 585 EP 591 DI 10.1016/0003-9969(92)90142-U PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA JF335 UT WOS:A1992JF33500010 PM 1444899 ER PT J AU LINSKY, JL DRAKE, SA BASTIAN, TS AF LINSKY, JL DRAKE, SA BASTIAN, TS TI RADIO-EMISSION FROM CHEMICALLY PECULIAR STARS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE RADIO CONTINUUM, STARS; STARS, CHEMICALLY PECULIAR ID CONTROLLED CIRCUMSTELLAR MATTER; HELIUM-STRONG STARS; AP-STARS; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; MERIDIONAL CIRCULATION; EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURES; ROTATING STARS; STELLAR WINDS; WEAK STARS; RADIATION AB We have extended the initial survey of radio emission from magnetic Bp-Ap stars by Drake et al. in five subsequent VLA2 observing runs. A total of 16 sources have been detected at 6 cm out of 61 observed, giving a detection rate of 26%. Of these stars, three are also detected at 2 cm, four at 3.6 cm, and five at 20 cm. In addition to the three He-strong and two He-weak/Si-strong stars previously reported as radio sources, we have detected 11 new stars as radio sources with spectral types B5-A0 that are He-weak and Si-strong. We have not yet detected any of the classical (SrCrEu-type) Ap stars despite many attempts. We find a wide range of high 6 cm radio luminosities for the detected stars, with log L6 = 14.7-17.9. The early-B He-strong stars are on average 20 times more radio luminous than the late-B He-weak stars and 1000 times more luminous than theta-Aurigae, the star with both the lowest radio luminosity and the lowest effective temperature. Multifrequency observations indicate flat spectra in all cases. Four stars have a detectable degree of circular polarization at one or more frequencies. We believe that the radio-emitting CP (chemically peculiar) stars form a distinct class of radio stars that differs from both the hot star wind sources and the active late-type stars. For the detected CP stars we find that L6 is-proportional-to M0.5 B(rms), where M is the mass-loss rate and B(rms) is the rms value of the observed longitudinal field strength. We show that all of the observed properties of radio emission from these stars may be understood in terms of optically thick gyrosynchrotron emission from a nonthermal distribution of electrons. We propose a model in which the electrons are produced in current sheets forming 10-20 radii from the star. In this model the electrons travel along magnetic fields to smaller radii and higher magnetic latitudes where they mirror and radiate microwave radiation. C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,HIGH ENERGY ASTROPHYS SCI ARCHIVE RES CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. UNIV COLORADO,BOULDER,CO 80309. NATL RADIO ASTRON OBSERV,SOCORRO,NM 87801. RP LINSKY, JL (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 60 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 1992 VL 393 IS 1 BP 341 EP 356 DI 10.1086/171509 PN 1 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA HZ510 UT WOS:A1992HZ51000029 ER PT J AU RICHARDS, WJ AF RICHARDS, WJ TI COMMENTS ON THE GENUS LEPIDOTRIGLA (PISCES, TRIGLIDAE) WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF 2 NEW SPECIES FROM THE INDIAN AND PACIFIC OCEANS SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Recently collected specimens of the triglid genus Lepidotrigla from the western Indian Ocean reveal the presence of a new species from the Saya de Malha Bank and provide additional information on the characters and distribution of several rare species-L. multispinosa, L. alcocki, L. bentuviai, and L. omanensis. A key to these western Indian Ocean species is included. Also a single specimen from the central Pacific Ocean is described as new. Additional analysis of these species and others provides new information on the genus Lepidotrigla. RP RICHARDS, WJ (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES SCI CTR,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 51 IS 1 BP 45 EP 65 PG 21 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA JQ542 UT WOS:A1992JQ54200007 ER PT J AU ATWOOD, DK HENDEE, JC MENDEZ, A AF ATWOOD, DK HENDEE, JC MENDEZ, A TI AN ASSESSMENT OF GLOBAL WARMING STRESS ON CARIBBEAN CORAL-REEF ECOSYSTEMS SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SEA; FLORIDA AB There is evidence that stress on coral reef ecosystems in the Caribbean region is increasing. Recently numerous authors have stated that the major stress results from "abnormally high" seasonal sea surface temperatures (SST) and have implicated global warming as a cause, stating that recent episodes of coral bleaching result therefrom. However, an analysis of available SST data sets shows no discernible warming trend that could cause an increase in coral bleaching. Given the lack of long-term records synoptic with observations of coral ecosystem health, there is insufficient evidence available to label temperatures observed in coincidence with recent regional bleaching events as "abnormally" high. RP ATWOOD, DK (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,DIV OCEAN CHEM,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. RI Hendee, James/E-6358-2010 OI Hendee, James/0000-0002-4799-5354 NR 28 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 12 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 51 IS 1 BP 118 EP 130 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA JQ542 UT WOS:A1992JQ54200011 ER PT J AU RASMUSSEN, R POLITOVICH, M MARWITZ, J SAND, W MCGINLEY, J SMART, J PIELKE, R RUTLEDGE, S WESLEY, D STOSSMEISTER, G BERNSTEIN, B ELMORE, K POWELL, N WESTWATER, E STANKOV, BB BURROWS, D AF RASMUSSEN, R POLITOVICH, M MARWITZ, J SAND, W MCGINLEY, J SMART, J PIELKE, R RUTLEDGE, S WESLEY, D STOSSMEISTER, G BERNSTEIN, B ELMORE, K POWELL, N WESTWATER, E STANKOV, BB BURROWS, D TI WINTER ICING AND STORMS PROJECT (WISP) SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FRONTAL RAINBANDS; MESOSCALE CIRCULATIONS; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; NORTHERN COLORADO; MOUNTAIN STORM; CLOUD WATER; HIGH-PLAINS; AIR-FLOW; PRECIPITATION; ORGANIZATION AB Field studies in support of the Winter Icing and Storms Project (WISP) were conducted in the Colorado Front Range area from 1 February to 31 March 1990 (WISP90) and from 15 January to 5 April 1991 (WISP91). The main goals of the project are to study the processes leading to the formation and depletion of supercooled liquid water in winter storms and to improve forecasts of aircraft icing. During the two field seasons, 2 research aircraft, 4 Doppler radars, 49 Mesonet stations, 7 CLASS sounding systems, 3 micro-wave radiometers, and a number of other facilities were deployed in the Front Range area. A comprehensive dataset was obtained on 8 anticyclonic storms, 16 cyclonic storms, and 9 frontal passages. This paper describes the objectives of the experiment, the facilities employed, the goals and results of a forecasting exercise, and applied research aspects of WISP. Research highlights are presented for several studies under way to illustrate the types of analysis being pursued. The examples chosen include topics on anticyclonic upslope storms, heavy snowfall, large droplets, shallow cold fronts, ice crystal formation and evolution, and numerical model performance. C1 UNIV WYOMING, DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI, LARAMIE, WY 82071 USA. COLORADO STATE UNIV, DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI, FT COLLINS, CO 80523 USA. NOAA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. UNIV N DAKOTA, CTR ATMOSPHER SCI, GRAND FORKS, ND 58201 USA. RP NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, BOULDER, CO 80307 USA. RI Pielke, Roger/A-5015-2009 NR 83 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 73 IS 7 BP 951 EP 974 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1992)073<0951:WIASP>2.0.CO;2 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JE291 UT WOS:A1992JE29100002 ER PT J AU DEWAARD, J MENZEL, WP SCHMETZ, J AF DEWAARD, J MENZEL, WP SCHMETZ, J TI ATLANTIC DATA COVERAGE BY METEOSAT-3 SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CALCULATED RADIANCES; CLOUD; CALIBRATION; RAINFALL; CHANNEL; VAS AB On 1 August 1991, a European geostationary satellite (METEOSAT-3) started operation from a new position at 50-degrees-W. This extends westward the European capability to monitor midlatitude storm tracks and assists the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) for surveying Atlantic basin and coastal areas. This note announces the new Atlantic Data Coverage with METEOSAT-3, summarizes the history of the METEOSAT program, describes the image data and its calibration, and indicates some prospective NOAA applications of the METEOSAT-3 data from 50-degrees-W. C1 NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,ADV SATELLITE PROD PROJECT,MADISON,WI. RP DEWAARD, J (reprint author), EUROPEAN SPACE AGCY,EUROPEAN SPACE OPERAT CTR,W-6100 DARMSTADT,GERMANY. RI Menzel, W. Paul/B-8306-2011 OI Menzel, W. Paul/0000-0001-5690-1201 NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 73 IS 7 BP 977 EP 983 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JE291 UT WOS:A1992JE29100003 ER PT J AU MEINDL, EA HAMILTON, GD AF MEINDL, EA HAMILTON, GD TI PROGRAMS OF THE NATIONAL-DATA-BUOY-CENTER SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SHIPS AB Platforms of the National Data Buoy Center provide vital meteorological and oceanographic observations from data-sparse marine areas worldwide. The data are essential for real-time weather forecasting and research programs. This paper provides information on the data-acquisition systems, networks, monitoring capabilities, data processing and dissemination, data quality and availability, and related technology development for these platforms. RP MEINDL, EA (reprint author), NATL DATA BUOY CTR,BAY ST LOUIS,MS, USA. NR 13 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 73 IS 7 BP 985 EP 993 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1992)073<0985:POTNDB>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JE291 UT WOS:A1992JE29100004 ER PT J AU CASEY, JG NATANSON, LJ AF CASEY, JG NATANSON, LJ TI REVISED ESTIMATES OF AGE AND GROWTH OF THE SANDBAR SHARK (CARCHARHINUS-PLUMBEUS) FROM THE WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID VALIDATION; OTOLITHS AB Age and growth of the sandbar shark (Carcharhinus plumbeus) were determined from tag and recapture data covering a 26-yr period (1964-90). Results were compared with previously published age and growth estimates based primarily on rings in vertebrae. Recent long-term tag returns suggest that the sandbar shark grows much slower than previously proposed and may take nearly 30 yr to reach maturity. Revised von Bertalanffy parameters (sexes combined) are L(infinity) = 1 86, k = 0.046, and t0 = - 6.45. The limitations of ageing elasmobranchs solely from rings in vertebrae and the need for validating rings in hardparts of fishes are discussed. C1 UNIV LAVAL,DEPT BIOL,GIROQ,QUEBEC CITY G1K 7P4,QUEBEC,CANADA. RP CASEY, JG (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES CTR,NARRAGANSETT LAB,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882, USA. NR 12 TC 56 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 49 IS 7 BP 1474 EP 1477 DI 10.1139/f92-162 PG 4 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA JE747 UT WOS:A1992JE74700019 ER PT J AU YEH, KC LIN, KH CONKRIGHT, RO AF YEH, KC LIN, KH CONKRIGHT, RO TI THE GLOBAL BEHAVIOR OF THE MARCH 1989 IONOSPHERIC STORM SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON RESPONSE OF THE IONOSPHERE AND THERMOSPHERE TO MAJOR MAGNETIC STORMS CY AUG 15, 1991 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP INT ASSOC GEOMAGNETISM & AERON ID SUBAURORAL LATITUDES; GRAVITY-WAVES; DISTURBANCES; ATMOSPHERE AB By any measure the magnetic storm beginning with a sudden storm commencement at 0128 UT March 13, 1989 must be classified historically as a great storm. Associated with this great magnetic storm was the drastic modification of the normal ionosphere lasting for several days. To study this abnormal behavior, ionospheric data collected at 52 ionosonde stations and 12 total electron content observing stations have been analyzed. The global data show a longitudinal dependence on the storm behavior; a pronounced worldwide depression in the diurnal maximum values of f0F2; the extreme depression of the diurnal-minimum in f0F2 to a frequency less than 2 MHz at many stations, sometimes accompanied by an unprecedented rise in h'F to 700 km or more; the presence of traveling ionospheric disturbances; the presence of large-scale standing oscillations; the development of hemispheric asymmetry; and the suppression of the equatorial anomaly. These and other unusual phenomena are described in this paper. C1 NOAA,NATL GEOPHYS DATA CTR,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP YEH, KC (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,1406 W GREEN ST,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 29 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 70 IS 7 BP 532 EP 543 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA JW980 UT WOS:A1992JW98000007 ER PT J AU PECKHAM, S WAYMIRE, E AF PECKHAM, S WAYMIRE, E TI ON A SYMMETRY OF TURBULENCE SO COMMUNICATIONS IN MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB This paper presents results on symmetries of the spectrum of singularities for random cascades found in the statistical theory of turbulence. It is shown that empirical dimension curves possess a natural symmetry whose presence restricts the class of allowable probability distributions of the cascade generator in a simple manner. In particular, necessary and sufficient conditions on the probability distribution of the generator are obtained for symmetry of the singularity spectrum within a large class of cascade models. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT MATH,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT STAT,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP PECKHAM, S (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0010-3616 J9 COMMUN MATH PHYS JI Commun. Math. Phys. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 147 IS 2 BP 365 EP 370 DI 10.1007/BF02096592 PG 6 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA JE025 UT WOS:A1992JE02500009 ER PT J AU STANSBURY, JW ANTONUCCI, JM AF STANSBURY, JW ANTONUCCI, JM TI EVALUATION OF METHYLENE LACTONE MONOMERS IN DENTAL RESINS SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID RESTORATIVE RESINS; CONVERSION; HARDNESS AB Alpha-Methylene-gamma-butyrolactone (MBL), which can be described as the cyclic analog of methyl methacrylate, exhibits greater reactivity in free radical polymerizations than conventional methacrylate monomers. Unfilled resin formulations composed of Bis-GMA/MBL or Bis-GMA/TEGDMA/MBL were light-cured. The effect of the more reactive methylene lactone monomer on mechanical properties and the degree of conversion of the polymers was examined. The infrared absorption bands for the carbon-carbon double bonds of MBL and the methacrylate monomers are well resolved and allow the conversion of each component to be calculated individually. The incorporation of a small amount of MBL (5 w/o) to Bis-GMA significantly increased the conversion; however, additional MBL (10 to 30 w/o) did not further increase the Bis-GMA conversion level. This appears to indicate an incompatibility between MBL and the bulky Bis-GMA monomer. Addition of 10 w/o MBL to Bis-GMA/TEGDMA (7:3) resulted in a cured resin with 71% methacrylate and 75% overall conversion efficiencies compared with the 57% conversion of the control formulation. The diametral tensile and the transverse strengths were approximately 10% greater for the MBL resin compared with the Bis-GMA/TEGDMA control; however, these differences were not statistically significant. The synthesis and polymerization of several substituted methylene lactones was also studied. RP STANSBURY, JW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,DENT & MED MAT GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [01-DE30001] NR 18 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 6 PU ACAD DENTAL MATERIALS PI DALLAS PA BAYLOR COLLEGE DENTISTRY, 3302 GASTON AVE, DALLAS, TX 75266-0677 SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 8 IS 4 BP 270 EP 273 DI 10.1016/0109-5641(92)90098-W PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA JV634 UT WOS:A1992JV63400011 PM 1291396 ER PT J AU SCHUMACHER, GE EICHMILLER, FC ANTONUCCI, JM AF SCHUMACHER, GE EICHMILLER, FC ANTONUCCI, JM TI EFFECTS OF SURFACE-ACTIVE RESINS ON DENTIN COMPOSITE BONDS SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID HARD TOOTH TISSUES; N-PHENYLGLYCINE; ADHESIVE; STRENGTH; SYSTEM AB Effective dentin bonding systems based on para-PMDM diadduct of pyromellitic dianhydride and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) have been developed (Bowen et al, 1982). Para-PMDM, a solid of limited solubility, is usually applied from an acetone solution to dentin that has been preconditioned with acid and N-phenylglycine. The feasibility of using a liquid, surface-active bonding resin to substitute for or to supplement para-PMDM was explored. Mono(2-methacryloyloxy)ethyl phthalate (MMEP), a liquid, monofunctional homolog of para-PMDM (derived from the reaction of phthalic anhydride with HEMA) was used to formulate several bonding resin systems and solutions. Dentin surfaces were pretreated according to several variations of a three-step bonding protocol involving sequential application of 6.8 w/o ferric oxalate in 2.5 w/o HNO3, N-phenylglycine in acetone, and an experimental bonding resin before placement of a chemically cured composite restorative material. Tensile bond strengths were tested after 24 h storage in distilled water at 23-degrees-C. The results suggest that solutions based on MMEP and/or para-PMDM in acetone or in other monomers, especially those containing HEMA, can effectively promote bonding to dentin. A new mechanism for the observed self-polymerization of MMEP or para-PMDM with N-phenylglycine is proposed. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,DENT & MED MAT GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NIH,COMMISSIONED OFFICERS DENT CLIN,CTR CLIN,BETHESDA,MD 20892. AMER DENT ASSOC,HLTH FDN,PAFFENBARGER RES CTR,CHICAGO,IL 60611. RI Rastelli, Marcio/B-8034-2011 FU NIDCR NIH HHS [Y01-DE30001] NR 22 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACAD DENTAL MATERIALS PI DALLAS PA BAYLOR COLLEGE DENTISTRY, 3302 GASTON AVE, DALLAS, TX 75266-0677 SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 8 IS 4 BP 278 EP 282 DI 10.1016/0109-5641(92)90100-Q PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA JV634 UT WOS:A1992JV63400013 PM 1291398 ER PT J AU HILL, DA AF HILL, DA TI ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING BY A PERIODIC SURFACE WITH A WEDGE PROFILE SO ELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article AB Two-dimensional scattering from a periodic surface with a wedge profile is treated for both TE and TM polarization. The interface can be either perfectly conducting or penetrable, and the extended boundary condition (EBC) is used in both cases. The method results in simple matrix elements and is easy to apply. Comparison with a perturbation solution shows that the EBC method has greater accuracy and a greater range of validity. Even so, EBC becomes numerically ill conditioned for surface heights that are a significant fraction of the period or the wavelength. Numerical results are presented for conservation of power, and some comparisons are made with previous results for sinusoidal surfaces. Some applications to rf absorber are also presented. RP HILL, DA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET FIELDS,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HEMISPHERE PUBL CORP PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0272-6343 J9 ELECTROMAGNETICS JI Electromagnetics PD JUL-DEC PY 1992 VL 12 IS 3-4 BP 247 EP 264 DI 10.1080/02726349208908314 PG 18 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA JQ125 UT WOS:A1992JQ12500003 ER PT J AU BEJDA, AJ PHELAN, BA STUDHOLME, AL AF BEJDA, AJ PHELAN, BA STUDHOLME, AL TI THE EFFECT OF DISSOLVED-OXYGEN ON THE GROWTH OF YOUNG-OF-THE-YEAR WINTER FLOUNDER, PSEUDOPLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Note DE HYPOXIA; CHRONIC; CONSTANT; DIURNALLY FLUCTUATING; MORTALITY ID ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; REQUIREMENTS; SALMON AB The effects of constant and diurnally fluctuating levels of dissolved oxygen on the growth of young-of-the-year winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, were examined under controlled laboratory conditions. Fish were exposed for either 10 or 11 weeks to constant levels of 6.7 (high) and 2.2 (low) mg l-1, and a diurnal fluctuation, ranging from 2.5 to 6.4 mg O2 l-1. Growth rates, calculated for both standard length and weight, for fish exposed to low and diurnally fluctuating levels were significantly reduced (p < 0.001) as compared to those for fish exposed to the high level. Growth rates of fish exposed to the high level were over twice those of fish held under low oxygen conditions. Under fluctuating conditions, fish grew at intermediate rates. Following these exposures, all fish were subsequently held at 7.2 mg O2 l-1 for five weeks. Growth rates increased over two and a half times for fish previously exposed to the low oxygen level and were significantly (p < 0.001) higher than for the other two groups. RP BEJDA, AJ (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES CTR,SANDY HOOK LAB,HIGHLANDS,NJ 07732, USA. NR 29 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 3 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD JUL PY 1992 VL 34 IS 3 BP 321 EP 327 DI 10.1007/BF00004780 PG 7 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA JE176 UT WOS:A1992JE17600013 ER PT J AU BLOGOSLAWSKI, WJ AF BLOGOSLAWSKI, WJ TI AQUACULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP - MILFORD SHELLFISH BIOLOGY SEMINAR - 1991 SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material RP BLOGOSLAWSKI, WJ (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES CTR,MILFORD LAB,212 ROGERS AVE,MILFORD,CT 06460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 16 IS 4 BP 521 EP 521 DI 10.1007/BF02394128 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JB082 UT WOS:A1992JB08200010 ER PT J AU MOFFITT, RB PARRISH, FA AF MOFFITT, RB PARRISH, FA TI AN ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPLOITABLE BIOMASS OF HETEROCARPUS-LAEVIGATUS IN THE MAIN HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS .2. OBSERVATIONS FROM A SUBMERSIBLE SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID DEEP-WATER SHRIMP; MARIANA ARCHIPELAGO; FISH POPULATIONS; CARIDEAN SHRIMPS; RESOURCE; ENSIFER; LOBSTER AB Five submersible dives were conducted to evaluate the behavior of deepwater shrimp and the relationship of their density to bottom type and trap yield. Differences in behavior of two species of Heterocarpus were observed: H. ensifer tended to group around large anemones and other benthic relief over otherwise flat, sandy bottom and were very active in the presence of a baited container; whereas H. laevigatus were solitary and showed little activity around a baited container. Greater densities of H. laevigatus were observed on volcanic than on coralline substrate, indicating a possible association with this bottom type. Trap catches were regressed against observed H. laevigatus densities yielding an estimate of the catchability coefficient. This coefficient differed from that obtained from a previously conducted Leslie model depletion study. Factors contributing to this difference may include comparing estimates of catchability based on data from different areas, bias in the estimate of catchability based on observed density, and bias in the estimate of catchability from the depletion study. A combined fishing and visual census study is suggested as the best assessment technique. RP MOFFITT, RB (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,HONOLULU LAB,2570 DOLE ST,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 90 IS 3 BP 476 EP 482 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA KB688 UT WOS:A1992KB68800008 ER PT J AU POLOVINA, JJ MITCHUM, GT AF POLOVINA, JJ MITCHUM, GT TI VARIABILITY IN SPINY LOBSTER PANULIRUS-MARGINATUS RECRUITMENT AND SEA-LEVEL IN THE NORTHWESTERN HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID LARVAL RECRUITMENT; ROCK LOBSTER; FISHERY AB Research and commercial trapping data show variation in recruitment to the fishery for spiny lobster Panulirus marginatus at Maro Reef, relative to Necker Island which is 670 km to the southeast. Recruitment to the fishery at Maro Reef is shown to be highly correlated with the difference in sea level 4 years earlier between French Frigate Shoals and Midway Islands. Geosat altimeter data indicate that the relative sea level between French Frigate Shoals and Midway is an indicator of the strength of the Subtropical Counter Current. Mechanisms linking the Subtropical Counter Current with larval advection and survival are discussed. The sea level index provides a forecast of recruitment 4 years later to the fishery at Maro Reef. C1 UNIV HAWAII,JOINT INST MARINE & ATMOSPHER RES,HONOLULU,HI 96822. UNIV HAWAII,SCH OCEAN & EARTH SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT OCEANOG,HONOLULU,HI 96822. RP POLOVINA, JJ (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,HONOLULU LAB,2570 DOLE ST,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA. NR 20 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 90 IS 3 BP 483 EP 493 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA KB688 UT WOS:A1992KB68800009 ER PT J AU RALSTON, S TAGAMI, DT AF RALSTON, S TAGAMI, DT TI AN ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPLOITABLE BIOMASS OF HETEROCARPUS-LAEVIGATUS IN THE MAIN HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS .1. TRAPPING SURVEYS, DEPLETION EXPERIMENT, AND LENGTH STRUCTURE SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID DEEP-WATER SHRIMP; CARIDEAN SHRIMPS; DECAPODA; ENSIFER AB A deepwater trapping survey for Heterocarpus laevigatus was conducted around the main islands of the Hawaiian ArchiPelago to estimate exploitable biomass and potential yield. Stratified sampling by depth zone and island was conducted over a 3-year period to evaluate shrimp catch rates. Catchability of the traps was estimated from a 12-day intensive fishing experiment performed at a small, isolated site in the Kaulakahi Channel; habitat areas were determined by digitizing nautical charts. Results from a Leslie analysis of the depletion experiment showed that H. laevigatus is very susceptible to capture by traps (i.e., catchability q = 9.48 ha/trap-night). There was no evidence of a change in size structure through the course of the experiment. Shrimp catch rates varied greatly by island and depth of capture. Exploitable biomass was greatest in the 460-640 m depth range; negligible amounts of shrimp occurred shallower than 350 m and deeper than 830 m. Catch rates were highest at Niihau and lowest at Oahu. The total exploitable biomass of shrimp in the main Hawaiian Is. was estimated to be 271 MT, a figure substantially less than previously believed. Analysis of multiple size-frequency distributions for each sex showed no evidence of modal size progression. Assuming equilibrium conditions, application of the Wetherall et al. (1987) method to these data resulted in estimates of M/K = 1.01 for female shrimp and 0.74 for males. From these results and estimates of L infinity we calculate that F0.1/M = 0.75 for females and 0.86 for males. C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,HONOLULU LAB,HONOLULU,HI 96822. RP RALSTON, S (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,TIBURON LAB,3150 PARADISE DR,TIBURON,CA 94920, USA. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 90 IS 3 BP 494 EP 504 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA KB688 UT WOS:A1992KB68800010 ER PT J AU REILLY, CA ECHEVERRIA, TW RALSTON, S AF REILLY, CA ECHEVERRIA, TW RALSTON, S TI INTERANNUAL VARIATION AND OVERLAP IN THE DIETS OF PELAGIC JUVENILE ROCKFISH (GENUS, SEBASTES) OFF CENTRAL CALIFORNIA SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID FOOD-HABITS; LARVAE; GROWTH; MELANOPS; OREGON; SCORPAENIDAE; TEMPERATURE; FLAVIDUS; FISHES; SEA AB The diets of pelagic juveniles of widow rockfish Sebastes entomelas, yellowtail rockfish S. flavidus, chilipepper S. goodei, short belly rockfish S. jordani, and bocaccio S. paucispinis were compared using samples collected during 1984-87. All five species co-occur as pelagic juveniles off central California. Frequency of occurrence, percent by number, and a ranking index of prey items were determined from 1088 stomachs. Major prey of pelagic juvenile rockfish were the various life stages of calanoid copepods and sub-adult euphausiids (including eggs). For each year, dietary overlap was quantified between interspecific pairs using the Colwell and Futuyma (1971) index. Amount of overlap varied from year to year. Long-term intraspecific dietary overlap, based on the 4 years of data, was generally less than interspecific overlap within years. Year-to-year variation in the diets of these species was generally greater than within-year variation among them, suggesting that, as a group, pelagic juvenile rockfishes are opportunistic feeders. Also, if interannual variation in the distribution and abundance of foods has a major impact on recruitment, the high dietary overlaps of these co-occurring species would suggest parallel survival and year-class success. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to examine the effects of latitude, depth, and fish size on food consumption. Alterations in diet were related to latitude, depth, and a latitude-depth interaction for three species in 1987 and, also, for short-belly rockfish in 1984-86. Diet was apparently unrelated to fish size. RP REILLY, CA (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,TIBURON LAB,3150 PARADISE DR,TIBURON,CA 94920, USA. NR 42 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 7 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 90 IS 3 BP 505 EP 515 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA KB688 UT WOS:A1992KB68800011 ER PT J AU SOGARD, SM ABLE, KW FAHAY, MP AF SOGARD, SM ABLE, KW FAHAY, MP TI EARLY LIFE-HISTORY OF THE TAUTOG TAUTOGA-ONITIS IN THE MID-ATLANTIC BIGHT SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID CLUPEA-HARENGUS; SPECIES COMPOSITION; RING DEPOSITION; GROWTH; FISHES; OTOLITHS; EELGRASS; SEASONALITY; INCREMENTS; VALIDATION AB Spawning patterns, larval distribution, and juvenile growth characteristics were examined for tautog Tautoga onitis in New Jersey and the Mid-Atlantic Bight. We analyzed data from plankton surveys (1972-1990) over the continental shelf and in the Great Bay-Mullica River estuarine system. Data on size and abundance of juveniles were derived from throw trap and trawl collections in New Jersey estuaries (1988-89). In addition, we validated the daily deposition of otolith increments and used increment counts to estimate juvenile age and growth patterns. Extensive egg and larval collections indicated that spawning occurs from April through September, with a peak in June and July. Spawning over the continental shelf is concentrated off Long Island and Rhode Island. Based on validated daily increments in sagittal otoliths and the formation of a well-defined settlement mark, tautog larvae spend about 3 weeks in the plankton. Both spawning and settlement occur over a prolonged period, based on otolith back-calculations. Three methods of estimating young-of-the-year growth rates, including length-frequency progressions, otolith age/fish-size comparisons, and direct measurement of growth in caging experiments, indicated an average growth rate of about 0.5 mm/day during the peak midsummer growing season. Length-frequency distributions suggested tautog reach a modal size of about 75 mm SL after their first summer, and 155 mm by the end of their second summer. C1 RUTGERS STATE UNIV,INST MARINE & COASTAL SCI,MARINE FIELD STN,TUCKERTON,NJ 08087. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES SCI CTR,SANDY HOOK LAB,HIGHLANDS,NJ 07732. NR 38 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 90 IS 3 BP 529 EP 539 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA KB688 UT WOS:A1992KB68800013 ER PT J AU THOMPSON, GG AF THOMPSON, GG TI MANAGEMENT ADVICE FROM A SIMPLE DYNAMIC POOL MODEL SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENCE; GROWTH; YIELD AB This paper is devoted to a theoretical examination of two rules of thumb commonly used in fishery management: (I) the fishing mortality rate associated with maximum sustainable yield (F(MSY)) equals the natural mortality rate, and (II) the equilibrium stock biomass at maximum sustainable yield equals one-half the pristine stock biomass. Taken together, these rules of thumb are shown to be inconsistent with any simple dynamic pool model in which three conditions hold: (1) the first derivative of the stock-recruitment relationship is uniformly nonnegative, (2) the second derivative of the stock-recruitment relationship is uniformly nonpositive, and (3) the first derivative of the weight-at-age relationship is uniformly positive. An example of such a model is presented and the equilibrium solution derived analytically. In this model, F(MSY) can be either greater than or less than the natural mortality rate, while the equilibrium stock biomass at maximum sustainable yield is consistently less than one-half the pristine stock biomass. To illustrate the utility of the theoretical framework developed, the model is applied to the eastern Bering Sea stock of rock sole Pleuronectes bilineatus. RP THOMPSON, GG (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 5 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 90 IS 3 BP 552 EP 560 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA KB688 UT WOS:A1992KB68800015 ER PT J AU THOMPSON, GG AF THOMPSON, GG TI A BAYESIAN-APPROACH TO MANAGEMENT ADVICE WHEN STOCK-RECRUITMENT PARAMETERS ARE UNCERTAIN SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID MEASUREMENT ERRORS; ATLANTIC MENHADEN; FISH STOCKS; FISHERIES; MODEL; INFORMATION; STRATEGIES; VERSATILE; POLICIES; SYSTEMS AB A simple dynamic pool model is used to examine the problem of stock-recruitment parameter uncertainty from a Bayesian perspective. Probabilities associated with different parameter values are used to weight the losses (i.e., opportunity costs to society) associated with any given fishing mortality rate. By choosing appropriate forms for the loss and probability density functions, the model is shown to result in an analytic solution. Because this solution gives the fishing mortality rate that maximizes the expected value of the logarithm of sustainable yield, it is denoted F(MELSY). The solution is a monotone-decreasing function of parameter uncertainty, converging on the fishing mortality rate corresponding to maximum sustainable yield as the degree of uncertainty approaches zero. As an empirical illustration, the model is applied to the eastern Bering Sea stock of rock sole Pleuronectes bilineatus. RP THOMPSON, GG (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 57 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 3 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 90 IS 3 BP 561 EP 573 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA KB688 UT WOS:A1992KB68800016 ER PT J AU WEINRICH, MT LAMBERTSON, RH BELT, CR SCHILLING, MR IKEN, HJ SYRJALA, SE AF WEINRICH, MT LAMBERTSON, RH BELT, CR SCHILLING, MR IKEN, HJ SYRJALA, SE TI BEHAVIORAL REACTIONS OF HUMPBACK WHALES MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE TO BIOPSY PROCEDURES SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article AB Accurate and precise descriptions of behavioral indicators of human activities which disturb cetaceans are required to better control adverse human impacts on these animals. We hypothesize that the application of a technique used to remove a small piece of innervated tissue, a biopsy darting procedure, is likely to result in the display of such behavioral indicators. In order to describe such displays, we recorded behavior of 22 humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae before and after biopsy procedures in the southern Gulf of Maine. Reactions varied considerably among animals. Although respiratory responses were not consistent, biopsied whales generally decreased their ratio of surface to dive time and their net movement mte. Hard tail flicks occurred as an immediate reaction in approximately half the cases. Although 31 behaviors were tested for variation, only hard tail flicks significantly increased in either the number of animals that displayed them or the overall frequency of occurrence during postbiopsy reaction periods. While not statistically significant, some increase was noted in the frequency of trumpet blows and tail slashes, while slow swimming and apparent investigative behavior were noted to decrease. The strongest reactions, observed in two cases, occurred when the dart and retrieval line briefly snagged the whale's flukes. These findings complement and extend other studies on the response of baleen whales to human activity at sea. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,COLL VET MED,JHMHC,DEPT PHYSIOL SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32610. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98115. RP WEINRICH, MT (reprint author), CETACEAN RES UNIT,POB 159,GLOUCESTER,MA 01930, USA. NR 26 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 6 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 90 IS 3 BP 588 EP 598 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA KB688 UT WOS:A1992KB68800018 ER PT J AU WIGLEY, SE SERCHUK, FM AF WIGLEY, SE SERCHUK, FM TI SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF JUVENILE ATLANTIC COD GADUS-MORHUA IN THE GEORGES-BANK SOUTHERN NEW-ENGLAND REGION SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article AB Commercial landings data and research-vessel survey data collected by the Northeast Fisheries Science Center during 1982-86 were analyzed to identify spatial and temporal patterns as well as possible mechanisms associated with juvenile cod Gadus morhua distribution. Analysis of survey data indicated that cod ages 1-2, age 3, and age 4 + were distributed at different depths during the spring; however, during the autumn, age-3 fish co-occurred with age 1-2 fish. Analysis of commercial landings data revealed the following patterns of distribution for age-2 cod: In quarter 1, concentrations appeared in the Nantucket Shoals region and the central portion of Georges Bank; in quarter 2, the concentration was northeast of Nantucket Shoals and also remained on Georges Bank; in quarter 3, both aggregations moved northeastward into deeper waters, along the 100m contour of the Great South Channel and the Northern Edge, respectively; and in quarter 4, the Nantucket Shoals concentration had moved southwestward to shallower water, resuming locations identified in quarter 1, while the Georges Bank concentration remained as in quarter 3. While intraseasonal spatial distributions did not appear to be defined by temperature, seasonal shifts in concentration of juvenile cod were most likely associated with temperature. RP WIGLEY, SE (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES SCI CTR,WOODS HOLE LAB,166 WATER ST,WOODS HOLE,MA 02534, USA. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 90 IS 3 BP 599 EP 606 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA KB688 UT WOS:A1992KB68800019 ER PT J AU EDWARDS, EF PERKINS, PC AF EDWARDS, EF PERKINS, PC TI POWER TO DETECT LINEAR TRENDS IN DOLPHIN ABUNDANCE - ESTIMATES FROM TUNA-VESSEL OBSERVER DATA, 1975-89 SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Note RP EDWARDS, EF (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,POB 271,LA JOLLA,CA 92038, USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 90 IS 3 BP 625 EP 631 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA KB688 UT WOS:A1992KB68800022 ER PT J AU TILSTRA, L ENG, G OLSON, GJ WANG, FW AF TILSTRA, L ENG, G OLSON, GJ WANG, FW TI REDUCTION OF SULFUR FROM POLYSULPHIDIC MODEL COMPOUNDS BY THE HYPERTHERMOPHILIC ARCHAEBACTERIUM PYROCOCCUS-FURIOSUS SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE DESULFURIZATION; COAL; SULFUR ID SULFUR AB Several polysulphidic model compounds were studied for their reducibility by a hyperthermophilic archaebacterium, Pyrococcus furiosus. Model compounds that may represent forms of organic sulphur in coal were selected for study including model compounds with bulky alkyl and aryl groups surrounding the sulphur atoms and polymeric polysulphides. P. furiosus reduced these organic polysulphides to hydrogen sulphide with varying efficiency. The use of complex model compounds may be more realistic than simple model compounds for evaluating the potential for microbial removal of organic sulphur from coal. C1 UNIV DIST COLUMBIA,DEPT CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20008. RP TILSTRA, L (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMER SCI,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD JUL PY 1992 VL 71 IS 7 BP 779 EP 783 DI 10.1016/0016-2361(92)90129-C PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA JA007 UT WOS:A1992JA00700010 ER PT J AU PLANAS, JV SWANSON, P RANDWEAVER, M DICKHOFF, WW AF PLANAS, JV SWANSON, P RANDWEAVER, M DICKHOFF, WW TI SOMATOLACTIN STIMULATES INVITRO GONADAL STEROIDOGENESIS IN COHO SALMON, ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-HORMONE; RAINBOW-TROUT; OVARIAN FOLLICLES; 11-OXOTESTOSTERONE; PROLACTIN; GAIRDNERI C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98112. BRUNEL UNIV,DEPT BIOL & BIOCHEM,UXBRIDGE UB8 3PH,MIDDX,ENGLAND. RP PLANAS, JV (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH FISHERIES HF15,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. NR 18 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 87 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1016/0016-6480(92)90142-7 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA HZ803 UT WOS:A1992HZ80300001 PM 1624088 ER PT J AU MAYS, CW AAMODT, RL INN, KGW BROWN, DR GREENBERG, RR IYENGAR, VG SCHIMA, FJ SLABACK, LS TRACY, JW LYNCH, TP MOSSMAN, KL AF MAYS, CW AAMODT, RL INN, KGW BROWN, DR GREENBERG, RR IYENGAR, VG SCHIMA, FJ SLABACK, LS TRACY, JW LYNCH, TP MOSSMAN, KL TI EXTERNAL GAMMA-RAY COUNTING OF SELECTED TISSUES FROM A THOROTRAST PATIENT SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE THOROTRAST; TH-232; TISSUE SAMPLING; DOSE, INTERNAL AB Results of gamma-ray measurements of selected tissues from a patient who was injected with Thorotrast almost 36 y ago are reported. The purposes of this study were: 1) to determine the relative tissue distribution and activities of specific radionuclides in the Th-232 decay chain, specifically Ra-228 (as measured by Ac-228), Pb-212, and Ra-224 (measured directly and as measured by Pb-212), and 2) to evaluate the level of radioactive disequilibrium among the daughter products. The spleen and liver had the highest concentrations of radioactivity. Bone also appears to be a long-term sink for Th-232 daughter products based on estimates from a small portion of one rib. Larynx and esophagus contained measurable activity, which may have been due to their proximity to the "Thorotrastoma." Radioactivity in the remaining measured tissues were low, as expected. Secular equilibrium could be demonstrated in bone, pancreas, larynx, esophagus, and breast. Significant disequilibrium was observed for spleen, liver, kidney, and red blood cells. Radioactivity measurements reported here will be useful in estimating radiation doses to selected tissues. Such dose estimates are valuable in refining current risk estimates (e.g., liver) and in identifying tissues at risk for further epidemiologic studies. These results, while consistent with other published studies, should be interpreted with caution since measurements were made on only one patient. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. GEORGETOWN UNIV, DEPT RADIAT SCI, WASHINGTON, DC 20007 USA. PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RP MAYS, CW (reprint author), NCI, ROCKVILLE, MD 20892 USA. RI WSU, USTUR/I-1056-2013 NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 63 IS 1 BP 33 EP 40 DI 10.1097/00004032-199207000-00005 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA HZ669 UT WOS:A1992HZ66900007 PM 1522008 ER PT J AU BOICE, J TRAVIS, L SCHIMA, F MOSSMAN, K GOLDMAN, M MCINROY, J KATHREN, R HUBERMAN, E COTELINGAM, J TAUBER, W PRIEST, N PRICE, V GRAHAM, S AF BOICE, J TRAVIS, L SCHIMA, F MOSSMAN, K GOLDMAN, M MCINROY, J KATHREN, R HUBERMAN, E COTELINGAM, J TAUBER, W PRIEST, N PRICE, V GRAHAM, S TI TOTAL-BODY EVALUATION OF A THOROTRAST PATIENT - RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER-STUDIES SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Discussion ID CLASSIFICATION C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87544 USA. HARVARD UNIV, SCH PUBL HLTH, BOSTON, MA 02115 USA. GEORGETOWN UNIV, WASHINGTON, DC 20057 USA. ARGONNE NATL LAB, DIV BIOL, ARGONNE, IL 60439 USA. US TRANSURANIUM & URANIUM REGISTRIES, RICHLAND, WA USA. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD USA. UKAEA, HARWELL BIOMED RES, HARWELL LAB, HARWELL OX11 0RA, BERKS, ENGLAND. NATL NAVAL MED CTR, DEPT PATHOL, BETHESDA, MD USA. NATL NAVAL MED CTR, DEPT INFECT DIS, BETHESDA, MD USA. NATL NAVAL MED CTR, DEPT HEMATOPATHOL, BETHESDA, MD USA. RP BOICE, J (reprint author), NCI, RADIAT EPIDEMIOL BRANCH, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. RI WSU, USTUR/I-1056-2013 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 63 IS 1 BP 98 EP 100 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA HZ669 UT WOS:A1992HZ66900013 ER PT J AU FOSTER, JL WINCHESTER, JW DUTTON, EG AF FOSTER, JL WINCHESTER, JW DUTTON, EG TI THE DATE OF SNOW DISAPPEARANCE ON THE ARCTIC TUNDRA AS DETERMINED FROM SATELLITE, METEOROLOGICAL STATION AND RADIOMETRIC INSITU OBSERVATIONS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; POLLUTION; CLIMATE; ALASKA; HAZE; SOOT AB In this study satellite-derived snow cover maps for sites in Alaska, Canada, Scandinavia, and Siberia were employed to assess the date when snow disappeared on the Arctic tundra and to determine ir the snow has been melting earlier in the spring in more recent years. Results show that for three of the four sites there has been a tendency toward earlier snowmelt during the 1980's. In Alaska, the satellite-derived date of snowmelt was compared to the date of snowmelt as observed at the Barrow meteorological station and a site near Barrow where radiometric in situ measurements were made for the last 5 years. The three data sources complement each other even though the satellite site is located 150 km from Barrow. One mechanism which could cause a trend toward earlier snowmelt in Alaska is the deposition of soot and particulates on the snow surface as a result of Arctic haze. C1 NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LABS,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. FLORIDA STATE UNIV,DEPT OCEANOG,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32306. RP FOSTER, JL (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 30 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUL PY 1992 VL 30 IS 4 BP 793 EP 798 DI 10.1109/36.158874 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA KW360 UT WOS:A1992KW36000018 ER PT J AU Norton, SJ AF Norton, Stephen J. TI Unique tomographic reconstruction of vector fields using boundary data SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING LA English DT Article AB In tomography a 2-D scalar function f (r) is reconstructed from its line integrals through some domain D of f. The related problem of reconstructing a vector field upsilon(r) from its line integrals (through D) is generally underdetermined since upsilon(r) is defined by two component functions. When upsilon(r) is decomposed into its irrotational and solenoidal components, upsilon = del Phi + del x Psi, it is shown that the solenoidal part del x Psi is uniquely determined by the line integrals of upsilon(r). This is demonstrated here in a particularly simple manner in the Fourier domain using a vector analog of the well-known projection slice theorem. In addition, under the constraint that upsilon(r) is divergenceless in D, a formula for the scalar potential Phi(r) is given in terms of the normal component of upsilon(r) on the boundary of D. Thus when no sources or sinks reside in D, implying upsilon(r) is divergenceless there, two types of data uniquely determine the vector field upsilon(r) in D: the line integrals of upsilon(r) through D (tomographic data) and the normal component of upsilon(r) on the boundary D. An important application of vector tomography arises in the problem of mapping a fluid velocity field from reciprocal acoustic travel time measurements or Doppler backscattering measurements. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Norton, SJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1057-7149 J9 IEEE T IMAGE PROCESS JI IEEE Trans. Image Process. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 1 IS 3 BP 406 EP 412 DI 10.1109/83.148612 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA V43US UT WOS:000202960600011 PM 18296172 ER PT J AU HARMAN, D AF HARMAN, D TI EVALUATION ISSUES IN INFORMATION-RETRIEVAL SO INFORMATION PROCESSING & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material RP HARMAN, D (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 2 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0306-4573 J9 INFORM PROCESS MANAG JI Inf. Process. Manage. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 28 IS 4 BP 439 EP 440 DI 10.1016/0306-4573(92)90001-G PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA JE513 UT WOS:A1992JE51300001 ER PT J AU JIN, GX TANG, S SENGERS, JV AF JIN, GX TANG, S SENGERS, JV TI THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF METHANE IN THE CRITICAL REGION SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE COEXISTENCE CURVE; CRITICAL PHENOMENA; EQUATION OF STATE; METHANE; SOUND VELOCITY; SPECIFIC HEAT; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES ID FLUIDS; BEHAVIOR; DENSITIES; PRESSURE AB An equation of state is presented for the thermodynamic properties of methane in the vicinity of the critical point. It incorporates the scaled asymptotic critical behavior predicted theoretically and supplements a global analytic equation of state for methane recently developed by Setzmann and Wagner. C1 US DEPT COMMERCE,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,TECHNOL ADM,DIV THERMOPHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP JIN, GX (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,INST PHYS SCI & TECHNOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 13 IS 4 BP 671 EP 684 DI 10.1007/BF00501948 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA JC572 UT WOS:A1992JC57200008 ER PT J AU TOBEY, J REILLY, J KANE, S AF TOBEY, J REILLY, J KANE, S TI ECONOMIC-IMPLICATIONS OF GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE FOR WORLD AGRICULTURE SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE CLIMATE CHANGE; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; SWOPSIM WELFARE; WORLD AGRICULTURE ID IMPACTS AB This paper challenges the hypothesis that negative yield effects in key temperate grain producing regions of the world resulting from global climate change would have a serious impact on world food production. Model results demonstrate that even with concurrent productivity losses in the major grain producing regions of the world, global warming will not seriously disrupt world agricultural markets. Country/regional crop yield changes induce interregional adjustments in production and consumption that serve to buffer the severity of climate change impacts on world agriculture and result in relatively modest impacts on world agricultural prices and domestic economies. C1 NOAA,WASHINGTON,DC 20230. RP TOBEY, J (reprint author), US ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 39 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI LOGAN PA C/O E BRUCE GODFREY, UTAH STATE UNIV, ECONOMICS DEPT, LOGAN, UT 84322-3530 SN 0162-1912 J9 J AGR RESOUR ECON JI J. Agric. Resour. Econ. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 17 IS 1 BP 195 EP 204 PG 10 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA JH218 UT WOS:A1992JH21800017 ER PT J AU MAZUR, V MOREAU, JP AF MAZUR, V MOREAU, JP TI AIRCRAFT-TRIGGERED LIGHTNING - PROCESSES FOLLOWING STRIKE INITIATION THAT AFFECT AIRCRAFT SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article AB The analysis of airborne electromagnetic records of seven lightning strikes to the FAA CV-580 instrumented airplane during the 1987 field campaign and eleven strikes to the French C-160 airplane during the 1988 Tranasll campaign was aimed at revealing and interpreting processes taking place during the intracloud propagation of lightning strikes initiated on or intercepted by the airplane. It is shown that intracloud development of the strike may consist of recoil streamers, dart leader/return stroke sequences, and the secondary initiations of new discharges. These processes, with their high current-pulse amplitudes, may present greater threat to aircraft than current pulses during strike initiation. The latter are presently considered by the technical community to be the primary lightning threat to aircraft. RP MAZUR, V (reprint author), NOAA,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,NORMAN,OK 73069, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 29 IS 4 BP 575 EP 580 DI 10.2514/3.46204 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA JG857 UT WOS:A1992JG85700009 ER PT J AU STANKOV, BB WESTWATER, ER SNIDER, JB WEBER, RL AF STANKOV, BB WESTWATER, ER SNIDER, JB WEBER, RL TI REMOTE MEASUREMENTS OF SUPERCOOLED INTEGRATED LIQUID WATER DURING WISP FAA AIRCRAFT ICING PROGRAM SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29TH AEROSPACE SCIENCES MEETING CY JAN 07-10, 1991 CL RENO, NV SP AMER INST AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT AB During February and March 1990, the National Center for Atmospheric Research, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Wave Propagation Laboratory, and NOAA Forecast Systems Laboratory conducted the Winter Icing and Storms Project (WISP). Arrays of microwave radiometers, infrared radiometers, lidar ceilometers, radio acoustic sounding systems, and wind profilers were used to determine spatial and temporal distribution of supercooled liquid water. Results are presented from three representative cases to demonstrate that the integrated system that comprises a microwave water substance radiometer, a radio acoustic sounding system, and a ceilometer can identify supercooled liquid water, and that the integrated system that comprises the high resolution wind profiler and the radio acoustic sounding system can identify the distribution of turbulent air pockets within the aircraft icing cloud. RP STANKOV, BB (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LABS,WAVE PROPAGAT LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 29 IS 4 BP 604 EP 611 DI 10.2514/3.46208 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA JG857 UT WOS:A1992JG85700013 ER PT J AU PERRY, SG AF PERRY, SG TI CTDMPLUS - A DISPERSION MODEL FOR SOURCES NEAR COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY .1. TECHNICAL FORMULATIONS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER; MIXED LAYER; DIFFUSION; FLOW AB The Complex Terrain Dispersion Model (CTDMPLUS), a point-source, steady-state model for complex-terrain applications, is described. The model simulates the flow and plume distortion near user-selected, three-dimensional terrain features, yet retains simplicity by applying flow-distortion corrections to flat-terrain, Gaussian, and bi-Gaussian pollutant distributions. The algorithms for stable and near-neutral conditions are based on the demonstrated concept of a dividing streamline. These algorithms were developed using data from three major plume-impaction field studies and a number of fluid-modeling studies. The algorithms for plumes released into convective layers are based on recent understanding of the convective boundary layer through fluid modeling, numerical modeling, and field studies. The non-Gaussian nature of vertical dispersion is accounted for; lateral dispersion is modeled with the aid of convective scaling concepts. A terrain preprocessor and a meteorological preprocessor, which provide input specifically for the CFDMPLUS model, are described. The model requires a fully three-dimensional description of individual terrain features in order to estimate flow (and plume) distortions. Estimates of surface-layer parameters (friction velocity and Monin-Obukhov length) and depth of the mixed layer are required to define the state of the boundary layer. RP PERRY, SG (reprint author), US EPA,NOAA,DIV ATMOSPHER SCI MODELING,AIR RESOURCES LAB,MD-80,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 40 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 31 IS 7 BP 633 EP 645 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1992)031<0633:CADMFS>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JB334 UT WOS:A1992JB33400001 ER PT J AU PAUMIER, JO PERRY, SG BURNS, DJ AF PAUMIER, JO PERRY, SG BURNS, DJ TI CTDMPLUS - A DISPERSION MODEL FOR SOURCES NEAR COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY .2. PERFORMANCE-CHARACTERISTICS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LAYER; FLOW AB The Complex Terrain Dispersion Model (CTDMPLUS), described in Part I of this paper, was evaluated using the SO2 field-study data from the Lovett generating station in southeastern New York state. For perspective, CTDMPLUS estimates were also compared with those from the regulatory version of the Rough Terrain Diffusion Model (RTDM). For comparisons unpaired in space or time, the highest 25 CTDMPLUS model predictions tended to overpredict the highest 25 hourly observations by, on average, about a factor of 2. Similar results were found for 3-h and 24-h average predictions. Overpredictions occurred mainly for stable atmospheric conditions. In contrast, the hourly and 3-h average model concentrations paired in time with observations underpredicted the observations by as much as a factor of 4. CTDMPLUS displayed no strong bias in estimating the 24-h average concentrations. To understand the performance of CTDMPLUS, the meteorological conditions associated with the highest 25 observed concentrations were examined. This analysis suggests that the most significant factors affecting CTDMPLUS predictions for stable conditions are the height of the plume and its relation to the dividing streamline; in convective conditions, significant factors are the fraction of plume material penetrating the stable layer aloft, lateral plume spread, and wind direction. C1 NOAA,DIV ATMOSPHER SCI MODELING,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP PAUMIER, JO (reprint author), COMP SCI CORP,BLDG 4401,79 TW ALEXANDER DR,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 31 IS 7 BP 646 EP 660 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1992)031<0646:CADMFS>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JB334 UT WOS:A1992JB33400002 ER PT J AU SCHREINER, AJ HAYDEN, CM PARIS, CA AF SCHREINER, AJ HAYDEN, CM PARIS, CA TI A STUDY OF SATELLITE-DERIVED MOISTURE WITH EMPHASIS ON THE GULF OF MEXICO SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID VAS AB Visible-Infrared Spin Scan Radiometer (VISSR) Atmospheric Sounder (VAS) moisture retrievals are compared to the National Meteorological Center Regional Analysis and Forecast System (RAFS) 12-h forecast and to 1200 UTC rawinsondes over the United States and the Gulf of Mexico on a daily basis for nearly 1.5 years. The principal objective is to deter-mine what information the current moisture retrievals add to that available from the RAFS and surface data. The data are examined from the climatological perspective, that is, total precipitable water over the seasons for three geographical regions, and also for synoptic applications, that is, vertical and horizontal resolution. VAS retrievals are found to be systematically too moist at higher values. The variance of the VAS soundings more closely agrees with the rawinsonde at locations around the Gulf of Mexico than the RAFS. An examination of a case (6 June 1989) over the Gulf of Mexico region comparing three layers of VAS-derived moisture to the RAFS forecast shows the former capable of outperforming the latter in both the horizontal and, to some extent, the vertical frame of reference. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,NOAA,NESDIS SYST DESIGN & APPLICAT BRANCH,MADISON,WI 53706. RP SCHREINER, AJ (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,COOPERAT INST METEOROL SATELLITE STUDIES,CTR SPACE SCI & ENGN,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 31 IS 7 BP 742 EP 757 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1992)031<0742:ASOSDM>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JB334 UT WOS:A1992JB33400010 ER PT J AU VANDOLAH, FM RAMSDELL, JS AF VANDOLAH, FM RAMSDELL, JS TI OKADAIC ACID INHIBITS A PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE-ACTIVITY INVOLVED IN FORMATION OF THE MITOTIC SPINDLE OF GH4 RAT PITUITARY-CELLS SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID M-PHASE; GENE-PRODUCT; CYCLE; CALCIUM; PHOSPHORYLATION; TYPE-1; KINASE; ANAPHASE; ENCODES; MITOSIS AB Okadaic acid, a selective inhibitor of serine/threonine protein phosphatases, was utilized to investigate the requirement for phosphatases in cell cycle progression of GH4 rat pituitary cells. Okadaic acid inhibited GH4 cell proliferation in a, concentration-dependent manner with a half-maximal inhibition (IC50) of approximately 5 nM. Treatment of GH4 cells with 10 nM okadaic acid resulted in a 40-60% decrease in phosphatase activity and an increase in the proportion of phosphorylated retinoblastoma (RB) protein. Cell cycle analysis indicated that okadaic acid increased the percentage of cells in G2-M, decreased proportionally the percentage of cells in G1 phase, and had little effect on the percentage of cells in S-phase. The absence of a change in the proportion of S-phase cells indicates that G1-specific phosphatases responsible for dephosphorylation of RB protein were not inhibited by 10 mM okadaic acid. Mitotic index revealed that 10 nM okadaic acid decreased proliferation of GH4 cells specifically by slowing the progression through mitosis. Immunostaining with anti-tubulin demonstrated that 10 nM okadaic acid-treated mitotic cells contained mitotic spindles; however, the spindle apparatus in these cells frequently contained multiple poles. These results suggest that the organization of spindle microtubules during prometaphase requires a protein phosphatase that is sensitive to nanomolar concentrations of okadaic acid. Chromosomes in 10 nM okadaic acid-treated cells appear to be attached to spindle microtubules and the nuclear envelope is absent. The effects of okadaic acid on the spindle differ from those elicited by the calcium channel blocker, nimodipine, indicating that this okadaic acid sensitive phosphatase is not part of the calcium signalling events which participate in mitotic progression. C1 MED UNIV S CAROLINA,DEPT ANAT & CELL BIOL,DIV MOLEC & CELLULAR ENDOCRINOL,CHARLESTON,SC 29425. US NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,CHARLESTON LAB,CHARLESTON,SC 29412. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK43107] NR 38 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0021-9541 J9 J CELL PHYSIOL JI J. Cell. Physiol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 152 IS 1 BP 190 EP 198 DI 10.1002/jcp.1041520124 PG 9 WC Cell Biology; Physiology SC Cell Biology; Physiology GA JC609 UT WOS:A1992JC60900023 PM 1320037 ER PT J AU SETTLE, FA WALTER, PJ KINGSTON, HM PLEVA, MA SNIDER, T BOUTE, W AF SETTLE, FA WALTER, PJ KINGSTON, HM PLEVA, MA SNIDER, T BOUTE, W TI AN EXPERT-DATABASE SYSTEM FOR SAMPLE PREPARATION BY MICROWAVE DISSOLUTION .2. ELECTRONIC TRANSFER AND IMPLEMENTATION OF STANDARD METHODS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND COMPUTER SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB Currently, implementation of standard methods for chemical analysis relies upon the expertise of an analyst for conversion of the methods into usable procedures and for reproducible execution of these procedures. One can now encapsulate standard methods in a database format which can be transferred among laboratories. These methods can then be converted automatically to reproducible procedures for specific samples types. This paper describes the application of these software techniques to standard methods for microwave sample dissolution. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CTR ANALYT CHEM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. ZYMARK CORP,HOPKINTON,MA. WASHINGTON & LEE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,LEXINGTON,VA 24450. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0095-2338 J9 J CHEM INF COMP SCI JI J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 32 IS 4 BP 349 EP 353 DI 10.1021/ci00008a014 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Chemistry; Computer Science GA JF822 UT WOS:A1992JF82200015 ER PT J AU HOERLING, MP BLACKMON, ML TING, MF AF HOERLING, MP BLACKMON, ML TING, MF TI SIMULATING THE ATMOSPHERIC RESPONSE TO THE 1985-87 EL-NINO CYCLE SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES; EXTRATROPICAL RESPONSE; JULY SIMULATIONS; LINEAR-MODEL; JANUARY; PATTERNS; VARIABILITY; PROPAGATION; FLOW AB The atmospheric response to the evolution of global sea surface temperatures (SSTs) from 1985 to 1987 is studied using the NCAR Community Climate Model (CCM1). Five separate 2-year integrations are performed, and results are presented for the ensemble-averaged response during the pre-El Nino 1985/86 winter and the mature El Nino 1986/87 winter. No skill is found in CCM 1's simulation for 1985/86. The simulation for the following winter, when tropical Pacific SST anomalies approached 2-degrees-C, is more successful. A large-amplitude wave train extends poleward and eastward from the location of anomalous central Pacific convection in CCM 1, although the model's wave train is shifted 30-degrees too far east compared to observations. A linear barotropic stationary wave model is used to diagnose CCM 1's response during 1986/87. The eastward-shifted PNA response is easily excited by a dipole pattern of upper-level forcing with convergence over the western tropical Pacific and divergence over the central tropical Pacific. In contrast, the observed anomaly pattern during 1986/87 is most effectively forced by anomalous subtropical convergence over the central Pacific. Zonally asymmetric features of CCM 1's climate drift, in particular the pattern of zonal wind biases over the tropical and midlatitude North Pacific, are shown to account for these different sensitivites. C1 NOAA,ERL,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP HOERLING, MP (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,CAMPUS BOX 449,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 37 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 5 IS 7 BP 669 EP 682 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1992)005<0669:STARTT>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KF230 UT WOS:A1992KF23000001 ER PT J AU STANSBURY, JW AF STANSBURY, JW TI SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF NEW OXASPIRO MONOMERS FOR DOUBLE RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SHRINKAGE; STRESS AB Polymerization with expansion in volume can be achieved with spiro orthocarbonate monomers through a double ring-opening process wherein two bonds are cleaved for each new bond formed. The resulting expansion can be applied to counter the polymerization shrinkage associated with the conventional methacrylate monomers used in dental composites and thereby provide formulations with drastically reduced degrees of shrinkage. New monomers have been prepared that exhibit enhanced reactivities and ring-opening efficiencies compared with earlier free-radical-polymerizable oxaspiro compounds. In dental composite formulations, the monofunctional oxaspiro monomers provided DTS values equivalent to those of the controls under certain curing conditions; however, only modest reductions in polymerization shrinkage were observed. 2,3-Bis(methylene) spiro orthocarbonate monomers with a conjugated diene structure were also synthesized and evaluated. These novel monomers appear to offer significant potential for future development of free-radical ring-opening polymerization. While visible-light-cured formulations of the his(methylene) compounds with methacrylate comonomers did not yield acceptable composite materials in this initial attempt, the high reactivity and the ability to form rigid, cross-linked polymers make this type of monomer worthy of continued investigation. These properties may allow the bis(methylene) oxaspiro monomers to be used alone or in concert with other ring-opening monomers for special applications. RP STANSBURY, JW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,DENT & MED MAT GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [01-DE-30001] NR 12 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 71 IS 7 BP 1408 EP 1412 DI 10.1177/00220345920710070901 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA JE838 UT WOS:A1992JE83800009 PM 1629456 ER PT J AU GAIGALAS, AK REIPA, V AF GAIGALAS, AK REIPA, V TI OBSERVATION OF PHOTON CORRELATIONS IN SCATTERING FROM A SILVER ELECTRODE SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE AB Dynamic light scattering experiments were carried out on silver electrodes in aqueous solution. Two distinct time-scales were observed in the photon autocorrelation function: 1 ms and 100 ms. The 1 ms decay in the correlation was predominant during voltage cycling, while the slow decay is present at all times in varying strength. A possible source of the fast correlation is the generation of dynamic polarizability inhomogeneities on the silver surface. while the slow correlation is associated with microscopic surface height modulation during electrocrystallization. RP GAIGALAS, AK (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-0728 J9 J ELECTROANAL CHEM JI J. Electroanal. Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 1992 VL 328 IS 1-2 BP 99 EP 110 DI 10.1016/0022-0728(92)80172-Z PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA JG931 UT WOS:A1992JG93100008 ER PT J AU LOWNEY, JR MAYO, S AF LOWNEY, JR MAYO, S TI ANALYSIS OF PERSISTENT PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY DUE TO POTENTIAL BARRIERS SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3RD WORKSHOP ON RADIATION-INDUCED AND/OR PROCESS-RELATED ELECTRICALLY ACTIVE DEFECTS IN SEMICONDUCTOR-INSULATOR SYSTEMS CY SEP 10-13, 1991 CL RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NC DE INTERFACE STATES; PERSISTENT PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY; SIMOX ID SILICON; INTERFACES; FILM AB Persistent photoconductivity has been seen in thin silicon resistors fabricated with SIMOX material at temperatures between 60 and 220 K. This effect has been attributed to the depletion of carriers near the interface between the top silicon layer and the buried oxide, which is due to the large number of surface traps at this interface. The depletion of carriers is accompanied by a built-in field on the order of 10,000 V/cm, which causes a potential barrier that is nearly a quarter of the energy gap of silicon. The theory of the recombination kinetics of majority carriers with minority carriers trapped at the interface on the other side of a potential barrier is studied. Both the possibilities of tunneling and thermal activation have been considered. The results show that thermal activation dominates at the temperatures of our measurements in SIMOX material, while at lower temperatures tunneling would dominate. RP LOWNEY, JR (reprint author), NIST,DIV SEMICOND ELECTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 21 IS 7 BP 731 EP 736 DI 10.1007/BF02655603 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA JE292 UT WOS:A1992JE29200011 ER PT J AU CHUANG, TJ WANG, ZD WU, DD AF CHUANG, TJ WANG, ZD WU, DD TI ANALYSIS OF CREEP IN A SI-SIC C-RING BY FINITE-ELEMENT METHOD SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID SILICONIZED SILICON-CARBIDE; DAMAGE-ENHANCED CREEP; DEFORMATION AB The long-term creep deformation of a siliconized silicon carbide ceramic C-ring subjected to a compression load at 1300-degrees-C in air is studied by the finite element method. Based on asymmetric creep responses observed under uniaxial creep tests, multidirectional constitutive equations in power-law form are derived using the parameters of effective stress/strain. The elastic solutions are first solved and used as a guide to reach the final mesh design and as initial conditions. Solving the initial value problem in which equilibrium and constitutive equations are satisfied at all times, this model gives time-history of stresses and displacements. Fair agreements were obtained in load-point displacement rate, damage zone, neutral axis locations, stress relaxation and redistribution when compared with simple curved beam theory and experimental data. As common with other nonlinear problems, the convergence of the finite element solutions strongly depends on the time step as well as the finess of the element size, particularly at the regions where principal stresses are close to the threshold stress for creep damage. C1 E CHINA UNIV CHEM TECHNOL,SHANGHAI 200237,PEOPLES R CHINA. RP CHUANG, TJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0094-4289 J9 J ENG MATER-T ASME JI J. Eng. Mater. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 1992 VL 114 IS 3 BP 311 EP 316 DI 10.1115/1.2904178 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA JF503 UT WOS:A1992JF50300013 ER PT J AU SPEISER, TW MARTIN, RF AF SPEISER, TW MARTIN, RF TI ENERGETIC IONS AS REMOTE PROBES OF X-TYPE NEUTRAL LINES IN THE GEOMAGNETIC TAIL SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CURRENT SHEET; PARTICLE DYNAMICS; FIELD AB Martin and Speiser (1988) have predicted ridges in the velocity space distribution function as a signature of the interaction of energetic ions with an X type neutral line in the geomagnetic tail. In this paper we study the properties of these ridges as the observation point is moved relative to the X line, as phase angle is varied, and the effect of the ridges on initial distributions with a loss cone. With the ridges, one can remotely sense not only the presence of an X line, but also, potentially, the distance from the X line, whether the observer is earthward or tailward of the X line, and the vertical position within the current sheet. For example, we find that for single particle dynamics in a current sheet with neutral line, the phase space ridge is predicted to be found throughout the current sheet if it is not destroyed by collective behavior. The ridge is predicted to be found for distributions plotted in nu(perpendicular-to), nu(parallel-to) space and also in nu(x), nu(y), nu(z) space. Additionally, valleys are found in nu(x), nu(y), nu(z) space, which are also signatures of a neutral line, and which depend on the initial flowing distribution. An initially tailward flowing distribution causes asymmetries in distributions earthward versus tailward of the neutral line. These asymmetries are due to the fact that part of the distribution below (at smaller pitch angles than) the ridge comes from initially earthward (tailward) particles when the modeling point is earthward (tailward) of the neutral line. The accelerated beam is not predicted inside the current sheet at x = L (one separatrix distance earthward of the neutral line), but close to the sheet center a perpendicular bulk flow is predicted. Spatially, the ridge is found to move to larger pitch angles as the observation point approaches the neutral line in the plasma sheet boundary layer. As the observation point moves toward the current sheet center, the ridge stays at about the same pitch angle, but then tends to be diminished very near the center where a perpendicular bulk flow is found. Chaotic pitch angle scattering can fill even a relatively large (10-degrees), initially empty loss cone. This loss cone filling is more complete when orbits are calculated in a thicker current sheet. Thus chaotic pitch angle scattering may be a dominant mechanism to produce nightside proton isotropy in the auroral zones, as suggested by Sergeev et al. (1983). C1 NOAA,SPACE ENVIRONM LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. ILLINOIS STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,NORMAL,IL 61761. RP SPEISER, TW (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,DEPT ASTROPHYS PLANETARY & ATMOSPHER SCI,CAMPUS BOX 391,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 25 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 1992 VL 97 IS A7 BP 10775 EP 10785 DI 10.1029/92JA00316 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA JC484 UT WOS:A1992JC48400020 ER PT J AU MCMICHAEL, RD ATZMONY, U BEAUCHAMP, C BENNETT, LH SWARTZENDRUBER, LJ LASHMORE, DS ROMANKIW, LT AF MCMICHAEL, RD ATZMONY, U BEAUCHAMP, C BENNETT, LH SWARTZENDRUBER, LJ LASHMORE, DS ROMANKIW, LT TI FOURFOLD ANISOTROPY OF AN ELECTRODEPOSITED CO/CU COMPOSITIONALLY MODULATED ALLOY SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13TH INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM ON MAGNETIC FILMS AND SURFACES ( ICMFS ) CY AUG 26-30, 1991 CL GLASGOW UNIV, GLASGOW, SCOTLAND HO GLASGOW UNIV ID MAGNETIC VISCOSITY AB A compositionally modulated alloy of 3 nm layers each of Cu and Co was electrodeposited on a (100) oriented Cu single crystal substrate. Anisotropy with fourfold symmetry in the plane of the film was investigated using ferromagnetic resonance, vector VSM techniques. and measurements of magnetic viscosity. This anisotropy is thought to be the first such effect to be observed in multilayered samples produced by either sputtering or electrodeposition. The anisotropy energy, K1. is roughly consistent with values published for fcc cobalt. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NUCL RES CTR NEGEV,IL-84190 BEER SHEVA,ISRAEL. IBM CORP,THOMAS J WATSON RES CTR,YORKTOWN HTS,NY 10598. RI McMichael, Robert/J-8688-2012; OI McMichael, Robert/0000-0002-1372-664X NR 12 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 113 IS 1-3 BP 149 EP 154 DI 10.1016/0304-8853(92)91261-Q PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA JJ493 UT WOS:A1992JJ49300024 ER PT J AU LAFFERTY, WJ FRASER, GT PINE, AS FLAUD, JM CAMYPEYRET, C DANA, V MANDIN, JY BARBE, A PLATEAUX, JJ BOUAZZA, S AF LAFFERTY, WJ FRASER, GT PINE, AS FLAUD, JM CAMYPEYRET, C DANA, V MANDIN, JY BARBE, A PLATEAUX, JJ BOUAZZA, S TI THE 3-NU-3-BAND OF (SO2)-S-32-O-16 LINE POSITIONS AND INTENSITIES SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID EMISSION PUMPING SPECTROSCOPY; SUBMILLIMETER-WAVE SPECTRUM; VIBRATIONAL LEVEL STRUCTURE; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACES; ELECTRONIC GROUND-STATE; HIGHLY EXCITED SO2; TRIATOMIC-MOLECULES; ABSORPTION-BANDS; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; LASER SPECTROSCOPY C1 UNIV PARIS 06,PHYS MOLEC & APPLICAT LAB,F-75252 PARIS 05,FRANCE. UNIV PARIS 06,CNRS,F-75252 PARIS 05,FRANCE. UNIV REIMS,FAC SCI,URA 1424,F-51062 REIMS,FRANCE. RP LAFFERTY, WJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 41 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 154 IS 1 BP 51 EP 60 DI 10.1016/0022-2852(92)90028-M PG 10 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA HY069 UT WOS:A1992HY06900006 ER PT J AU BLAKE, TA NOVICK, SE LOVAS, FJ SUENRAM, RD AF BLAKE, TA NOVICK, SE LOVAS, FJ SUENRAM, RD TI DETERMINATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF CO2-H2CO SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID ROTATIONAL SPECTRUM; DIMER; FORMALDEHYDE C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP BLAKE, TA (reprint author), WESLEYAN UNIV,DEPT CHEM,MIDDLETOWN,CT 06459, USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 154 IS 1 BP 72 EP 82 DI 10.1016/0022-2852(92)90030-R PG 11 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA HY069 UT WOS:A1992HY06900008 ER PT J AU DEO, MN DCUNHA, R WEBER, A OLSON, WB AF DEO, MN DCUNHA, R WEBER, A OLSON, WB TI HIGH-RESOLUTION FTIR STUDY OF THE NU-4-BAND OF CH2F2 SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID METHYLENE FLUORIDE; SUBMILLIMETER EMISSIONS; LASER LINES; DIFLUOROMETHANE; SPECTRUM C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP DEO, MN (reprint author), BHABHA ATOM RES CTR,DIV SPECT,BOMBAY 400085,INDIA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 154 IS 1 BP 83 EP 92 DI 10.1016/0022-2852(92)90031-I PG 10 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA HY069 UT WOS:A1992HY06900009 ER PT J AU TSANG, W AF TSANG, W TI CHEMICAL KINETIC DATA-BASE FOR PROPELLANT COMBUSTION - REACTIONS INVOLVING CN, NCO, AND HNCO SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE CN; COMBUSTION; HNCO; KINETIC; NCO; PROPELLANT AB This paper contains evaluated chemical kinetic data on single step elementary reactions involving small polyatomic molecules which are of importance in propellant combustion. The work consists of the collection and evaluation of mechanistic and rate information and the use of various methods for the extrapolation and estimation of rate data where information does not exist. The conditions covered range from 500-2500 K and 10(17)-10(22) particles cm-3. The results of the second year's effort add to the existing data base reactions involving CN, NCO and HNCO with each other and the following species: H, H-2, H2O, O, OH, HCHO, CHO, CO, NO, NO2, HNO, HNO2, HCN, and N2O. RP TSANG, W (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 88 Z9 89 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 21 IS 4 BP 753 EP 791 PG 39 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA JG663 UT WOS:A1992JG66300001 ER PT J AU ARCHER, DG AF ARCHER, DG TI THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF THE NACL+H2O SYSTEM .2. THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF NACL(AQ), NACL.2H2O(CR), AND PHASE-EQUILIBRIA SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Review DE ACTIVITY COEFFICIENT; APPARENT MOLAR PROPERTIES; AQUEOUS; COMPRESSIBILITY; DEHYDRATION; DENSITY; ENTHALPY; EQUATION OF STATE; EXPANSIVITY; FORMATION PROPERTIES; GIBBS ENERGY; HEAT CAPACITY; OSMOTIC COEFFICIENT; PARTIAL MOLAR PROPERTIES; SODIUM CHLORIDE; SODIUM CHLORIDE DIHYDRATE; SOLUBILITY; THERMODYNAMICS; VAPOR PRESSURE AB Equations that described the thermodynamic properties of the NaCl + H2O system were obtained from a fit to experimental results for this system. The experimental results included in the fit spanned the range of temperature of approximately 250 to 600 K and, where available, the range of pressure from the vapor pressure of the solution to 100 MPa. New equations and/or values for the following properties are given in the present work: 1) DELTA(f)G(m)-degrees and DELTA(f)H(m)-degrees, for formation from the elements, for NaCl(cr) for 298.15 K and 0.1 MPa, 2) DELTA(f)G(m)-degrees and DELTA(f)H(m)-degrees from the elements, as well as S(m)-degrees and C(p,m)-degrees, all for 298.15 K, 0.1 MPa, for NaCl.2H2O(cr), 3) the change in chemical potential for both NaCl and H2O in NaCl(aq) as a function of temperature, pressure, and molality, valid from 250 to 600 K and, where available, from the vapor pressure of the solution to 100 MPa. Comparison of the accuracies of experimental methods, where possible, has also been performed. RP ARCHER, DG (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 469 Z9 472 U1 3 U2 53 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 21 IS 4 BP 793 EP 829 PG 37 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA JG663 UT WOS:A1992JG66300002 ER PT J AU HANSEN, DV AF HANSEN, DV TI THE SIGNIFICANCE OF HALF-INERTIAL FLOW IN THE EASTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC - COMMENT SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Note ID WAVES AB It is shown that the instability waves regularly observed in the tropical Pacific and Atlantic oceans do not necessarily contain oscillations of half the local inertial frequency. Rather, it is hypothesized that the flow approaches the half-inertial conditions only at times when the instability waves develop sufficient baroclinic intensity to saturate the geostrophic vorticity limit of the gradient wind equation for anticyclonic flow. RP HANSEN, DV (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 22 IS 7 BP 811 EP 813 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(1992)022<0811:COSOHI>2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA JC521 UT WOS:A1992JC52100008 ER PT J AU CHEW, F BUSHNELL, MH AF CHEW, F BUSHNELL, MH TI THE SIGNIFICANCE OF HALF-INERTIAL FLOW IN THE EASTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC - REPLY SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Note C1 NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,MIAMI,FL 33149. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 22 IS 7 BP 814 EP 814 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(1992)022<0814:R>2.0.CO;2 PG 1 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA JC521 UT WOS:A1992JC52100009 ER PT J AU KLOSE, JZ FUHR, JR PRICE, MS WIESE, WL AF KLOSE, JZ FUHR, JR PRICE, MS WIESE, WL TI ATOMIC BRANCHING RATIO DATA FOR BORON-LIKE IONS SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID OPACITY CALCULATIONS AB The branching-ratio technique for radiometric calibrations in the vacuum ultraviolet is briefly reviewed. A list of transitions suitable for use of the technique is given for boron-like ions, along with pertinent data for their application. RP KLOSE, JZ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 48 IS 1 BP 33 EP 39 DI 10.1016/0022-4073(92)90005-O PG 7 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA JC889 UT WOS:A1992JC88900004 ER PT J AU BECKER, DA GREENBERG, RR STONE, SF AF BECKER, DA GREENBERG, RR STONE, SF TI THE USE OF HIGH-ACCURACY NAA FOR THE CERTIFICATION OF NIST BOTANICAL STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY-ARTICLES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONF ON METHODS AND APPLICATIONS OF RADIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY ( MARC-II ) CY APR 21-27, 1991 CL KONA, HI SP AMER NUCL SOC, US FDA, CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR, US EPA, UNIV HAWAII AB Neutron activation analysis is one of many analytical techniques used at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for the certification of NIST Standard Reference Materials (SRMs). NAA competes favorably with all other techniques because of it's unique capabilities for high accuracy even at very low concentrations for many elements. In this paper, instrumental and radiochemical NAA results are described for 25 elements in two new NIST SRMs, SRM 1515 (Apple Leaves) and SRM 1547 (Peach Leaves), and are compared to the certified values for 19 elements in these two new botanical reference materials. RP BECKER, DA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,IARD,NUCL METHODS GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 7 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOAN NUCL CH AR JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem.-Artic. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 160 IS 1 BP 41 EP 53 DI 10.1007/BF02041656 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA JF677 UT WOS:A1992JF67700006 ER PT J AU LAMAZE, GP DOWNING, RG LANGLAND, JK HWANG, ST AF LAMAZE, GP DOWNING, RG LANGLAND, JK HWANG, ST TI THE NEW COLD NEUTRON DEPTH PROFILING INSTRUMENT AT NIST SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY-ARTICLES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT TOPICAL CONF OF THE AMERICAN NUCLEAR SOC AT THE 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONF ON METHODS AND APPLICATIONS OF RADIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, ( MARC-2 ) CY APR 21-27, 1991 CL KONA, HI SP AMER NUCL SOC AB The Cold Neutron Depth Profiling (CNDP) instrument at the NIST Cold Neutron Research Facility (CNRF is now operational. The neutron beam originates from a 16 liter D2O-ice cold source and passes through a filter of 13.5 cm of single crystal sapphire. The neutron energy spectrum may be described by a 65 K Maxwellian distribution. The sample chamber configuration allows for remote controlled scanning of 15 cm x 15 cm samples and varying of both sample and detector angle. The improved sensitivity over the current thermal depth profiling instrument has permitted the first nondestructive measurements of O-17 profiles. Results of some of the first sample measurements are presented. C1 KOREA STAND RES INST,TAEJON 305606,SOUTH KOREA. RP LAMAZE, GP (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOAN NUCL CH AR JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem.-Artic. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 160 IS 2 BP 315 EP 325 DI 10.1007/BF02037107 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA JK042 UT WOS:A1992JK04200003 ER PT J AU MAKI, AG WELLS, JS AF MAKI, AG WELLS, JS TI NEW WAVE-NUMBER CALIBRATION TABLES FROM HETERODYNE FREQUENCY MEASUREMENTS SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CALIBRATION ATLAS; CARBON DISULFIDE; CARBON MONOXIDE; CARBONYL SULFIDE; IR FREQUENCY CALIBRATIONS; IR WAVE-NUMBER CALIBRATIONS; NITRIC OXIDE; NITROUS OXIDE; WAVE-NUMBER TABLES ID DIODE-LASER MEASUREMENTS; VIBRATION-ROTATION BANDS; FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; MICROWAVE ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; DIPOLE-MOMENT FUNCTION; ELECTRIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; RADIOFREQUENCY DOUBLE-RESONANCE; GLOBAL ROVIBRATIONAL ANALYSIS; RESOLUTION INFRARED-SPECTRUM; CARBONYL SULFIDE (OCS)-S-34 AB This new calibration atlas is based on frequency rather than wavelength calibration techniques for absolute references. Since a limited number of absolute frequency measurements is possible, additional data from alternate methodology are used for difference frequency measurements within each band investigated by the frequency measurements techniques. Data from these complementary techniques include the best Fourier transform measurements available. Included in the text relating to the atlas are a description of the heterodyne frequency measurement techniques and details of the analysis, including the Hamiltonians and least-squares-fitting and calculation. Also included are other relevant considerations such as intensities and lineshape parameters. A 390-entry bibliography which contains all data sources used and a subsequent section on errors conclude the text portion. The primary calibration molecules are the linear triatomics, carbonyl sulfide and nitrous oxide, which cover portions of the infrared spectrum ranging from 488 to 3120 cm-1. Some gaps in the coverage afforded by OCS and N2O are partially covered by NO, CO, and CS2. An additional region from 4000 to 4400 cm-1 is also included. The tabular portion of the atlas is too lengthy to include in an archival journal. Furthermore, different users have different requirements for such an atlas. In an effort to satisfy most users, we have made two different options available. The first is NIST Special Publication 821, which has a spectral map/facing table format. The spectral maps (as well as the facing tables) are calculated from molecular constants derived for the work. A complete list of all of the molecular transitions that went into making the maps is too long (perhaps by a factor of 4 or 5) to include in the facing tables. The second option for those not interested in maps (or perhaps to supplement Special Publication 821) is the complete list (tables-only) which is available in computerized format as NIST Standard Reference Database #39, Wavelength Calibration Tables. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RP MAKI, AG (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 417 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 7 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 97 IS 4 BP 409 EP 470 DI 10.6028/jres.097.019 PG 62 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA JT819 UT WOS:A1992JT81900001 PM 28053441 ER PT J AU LOZIER, DW TURNER, PR AF LOZIER, DW TURNER, PR TI SYMMETRICAL LEVEL INDEX ARITHMETIC IN SIMULATION AND MODELING SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE COMPUTER GRAPHICS; GENERALIZED LOGARITHMS AND EXPONENTIALS; LEAST-SQUARES DATA-FITTING; OVERFLOW, UNDERFLOW, AND SCALING; PARALLEL COMPUTING; SYMMETRICAL LEVEL-INDEX ARITHMETIC AB This paper begins with a general introduction to the symmetric level-index, SLI, system of number representation and arithmetic. This system provides a robust framework in which experimental computation can be performed without the risk of failure due to overflow/underflow or to poor scaling of the original problem. There follows a brief summary of some existing computational experience with this system to illustrate its strengths in numerical, graphical and parallel computational settings. An example of the use of SLI arithmetic to overcome graphics failure in the modeling of a turbulent combustion problem is presented. The main thrust of this paper is to introduce the idea of SLI-linear least squares data fitting. The use of generalized logarithm and exponential functions is seen to offer significant improvement over the more conventional linear regression tools for fitting data from a compound exponential decay such as the decay of radioactive materials. C1 USN ACAD, DEPT MATH, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21402 USA. RP LOZIER, DW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, COMP & APPL MATH LAB, DIV APPL & COMPUTAT MATH, GAITHERSBURG, MD USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 97 IS 4 BP 471 EP 485 DI 10.6028/jres.097.020 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA JT819 UT WOS:A1992JT81900002 PM 28053442 ER PT J AU DIMARZIO, EA HAN, CC AF DIMARZIO, EA HAN, CC TI WORKSHOP ON POLYMER BLENDS, GAITHERSBURG, MD APRIL 20-21, 1992 SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP DIMARZIO, EA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 97 IS 4 BP 487 EP 492 DI 10.6028/jres.097.021 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA JT819 UT WOS:A1992JT81900003 PM 28053443 ER PT J AU HWANG, IS MORRA, MM BALLINGER, RG NAKAJIMA, H SHIMAMOTO, S TOBLER, RL AF HWANG, IS MORRA, MM BALLINGER, RG NAKAJIMA, H SHIMAMOTO, S TOBLER, RL TI CHARPY ABSORBED ENERGY AND JIC AS MEASURES OF CRYOGENIC FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE ADIABATIC HEAT; CHARPY IMPACT TEST; CORRELATIONS; CRYOGENIC TEST; FRACTURE TOUGHNESS; IRON-NICKEL ALLOYS; LIQUID HELIUM; LIQUID NITROGEN; LOADING RATE; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; STRUCTURAL MATERIALS; TEST STANDARDS ID IMPACT AB In this paper, we present experimental comparisons between the critical energy line integral (J(Ic)) and Charpy absorbed energy (C(v)) at 4 and 77 K for materials ranging from fully austenitic steels to ferritic steels. At 4 K the correlation between J(Ic) and C(v) is weak, indicating that C(v) is a poor indicator of static fracture toughness at this temperature. At 77 K, a good correlation exists between J(Ic) and C(v). A good correlation is also observed between J(Ic) at 77 K and C(v) at 4 K. The results are explained by the large temperature rise during the Charpy test. Further evidence of the temperature rise is the marginal change in C(v) between 4 and 77 K and the disparity in fracture modes between Charpy and fracture mechanics specimens. For austenitic stainless steels, C(v) changed little from 4 to 77 K whereas J(Ic) increased significantly. For ferritic steels, C(v) increased in proportion to J(Ic) from 4 to 77 K. Especially in steels with low nickel contents, fracture surfaces of Charpy specimens revealed higher ductility than those of fracture mechanics test specimens. The results qualitatively support the predicted temperature rises to 130 and 150 K for crack initiation during Charpy tests at 4 and 77 K, respectively. Due to a wide variation in toughness response to temperature rise, the C(v)-based regulatory criteria developed for one group of alloys will have no validity when applied to another group. Therefore the Charpy test near absolute zero should not be regarded as a measure of the static fracture resistance. Alternative simplified methods of cryogenic fracture toughness are suggested. C1 JAPAN ATOM ENERGY RES INST,NAKA NUCL FUS ESTAB,NAKA,IBARAKI 31102,JAPAN. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MAT RELIABIL,BOULDER,CO 80303. MIT,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. MIT,DEPT NUCL ENGN,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 0090-3973 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 20 IS 4 BP 248 EP 258 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA JY513 UT WOS:A1992JY51300002 ER PT J AU BLESSING, GV WOLFENDEN, A KINRA, VK CHEN, YT DAYAL, V HARMOUCHE, MR TERRANOVA, P AF BLESSING, GV WOLFENDEN, A KINRA, VK CHEN, YT DAYAL, V HARMOUCHE, MR TERRANOVA, P TI DYNAMIC SHEAR MODULUS MEASUREMENTS WITH 4 INDEPENDENT TECHNIQUES IN NICKEL-BASED ALLOYS SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Note DE ELASTIC MODULUS; DYNAMIC MODULUS; SHEAR MODULUS; METALS; FREQUENCY DEPENDENCE OF MODULUS AB Experimental results are presented, on a round-robin basis, to study the effect of vibrational frequency on the dynamic shear moduli of two metals, Inconel 600 and Incoloy 907. Four separate laboratories, each using a different experimental technique, obtained results over the nominal frequency range of 7 kHz to 10 MHz. A brief discussion and comparison of the four techniques, both resonant and pulse, are included. No significant differences were observed for each alloy's modulus over this frequency range. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG 233,RM A147,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. PITNEY BOWES INC,STAMFORD,CT 06904. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT MECH ENGN,COLL STN,TX 77843. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT AEROSP ENGN,COLL STN,TX 77843. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 0090-3973 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 20 IS 4 BP 321 EP 323 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA JY513 UT WOS:A1992JY51300011 ER PT J AU HOCKEY, BJ WIEDERHORN, SM AF HOCKEY, BJ WIEDERHORN, SM TI EFFECT OF MICROSTRUCTURE ON THE CREEP OF SILICONIZED SILICON-CARBIDE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE SILICON CARBIDE; MICROSTRUCTURE; CREEP; DEFORMATION; SILICON ID BEHAVIOR; CERAMICS; DAMAGE AB Mechanisms of creep deformation have been investigated for a commercial grade of siliconized carbide containing almost-equal-to 33%/silicon. Microstructural studies of both tensile and compressive test specimens indicate dislocation damage generation in both the silicon carbide and the silicon phases as a consequence of creep. In the silicon carbide, dislocation damage was normally restricted to contact sites between the silicon carbide grains resulting from high intergranular contact stresses during deformation. Dislocation damage was also observed in the silicon. Although dislocation damage was heavy in some regions of the specimens, most regions were free of dislocations. This result is consistent with the hypothesis that deformation occurs by the motion of clusters of grains during deformation. In tension, creep at high strain rates, epsilon greater-than-or-equal-to 1 x 10(-8) s-1, was accompanied by the formation of cavities at Si/SiC interfaces within the intergranular silicon phase. As cavities were not associated with dislocations, their growth was probably controlled by diffusional processes. Based on observations of the microstructure, a model of deformation is proposed to explain the fact that siliconized silicon carbide creeps faster in tension than in compression, at the same applied stress. The model is based on soil mechanics concepts. It is suggested that creep is controlled by intergranular friction between aggregate particles of the composite. RP HOCKEY, BJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 26 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 75 IS 7 BP 1822 EP 1830 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1992.tb07203.x PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA JE283 UT WOS:A1992JE28300016 ER PT J AU FERGUSON, EE AF FERGUSON, EE TI A PERSONAL HISTORY OF THE EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF THE FLOWING AFTERGLOW TECHNIQUE FOR ION-MOLECULE REACTION STUDIES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID RATE CONSTANTS; VIBRATIONAL-RELAXATION; CHARGE-TRANSFER; COLLISIONS; CHEMISTRY; ENERGIES; NO+(V); O2+; TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCE AB A personal perspective of the historical development of the flowing afterglow (FA) technique for measuring thermal energy ion-molecule reaction rate constants is presented. The technique was developed in the period starting in late 1962 in what was then the National Bureau of Standards in Boulder, Colorado. The motivation was primarily to obtain a quantitative understanding of the ion chemistry of the terrestrial ionosphere, a program that was substantially achieved. The thermal energy measurements were extended in temperature from 300 K to a range of 80 K-900 K and subsequently to a center-of-mass kinetic energy range up to approximately 2 eV with the introduction of a drift tube into the FA. The chemical versatility, in regard to both the ion and the neutral reactants measured, remains unequaled and FA systems are currently in widespread use around the world for a variety of chemical research programs. RP NOAA, CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB, 325 BROADWAY, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NR 53 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1044-0305 EI 1879-1123 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 3 IS 5 BP 479 EP 486 DI 10.1016/1044-0305(92)85024-E PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA JB461 UT WOS:A1992JB46100001 PM 24234490 ER PT J AU NAPPO, CJ CHIMONAS, G AF NAPPO, CJ CHIMONAS, G TI WAVE EXCHANGE BETWEEN THE GROUND SURFACE AND A BOUNDARY-LAYER CRITICAL-LEVEL SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PAST 3-DIMENSIONAL OBSTACLES; AMPLITUDE MOUNTAIN WAVES; GENERATED LEE VORTICES; GRAVITY-WAVES; DOWNSLOPE WINDSTORMS; FLOW; TURBULENCE; STABILITY; EVOLUTION; MODEL AB Gravity waves induced by two- and three-dimensional terrain features are examined theoretically in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) using a linear wave model that includes reabsorption at a critical level. The PBL structure is characterized by a constant Brunt-Vaisala frequency and a hyperbolic tangent wind speed profile, which can be adjusted to produce critical levels. It is found that for typical values of wind speed and thermal stratification in the stable PBL and for even mild terrain disturbances, the Reynolds stress and surface drag caused by surface-generated waves can be at least as those conventionally associated with surface friction. The wave drag will act on the PBL flow where wave dissipation occurs, for example, at a critical level or in regions of wave breaking. The drag over a given crosswind section of a two-dimensional ridge is about twice as great as that over a three-dimensional hill of approximately the same horizontal area. An entirely new result is the prediction that over a three-dimensional hill the wave stresses may generate a horizontal layer of counterrotating vortices immediately below a critical level. C1 GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,SCH GEOPHYS SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30332. RP NAPPO, CJ (reprint author), NOAA,EARTH RESOURCES LAB,DIV ATMOSPHER TURBULENCE & DIFFUS,AIR RESOURCES LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37830, USA. NR 54 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUL 1 PY 1992 VL 49 IS 13 BP 1075 EP 1091 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1992)049<1075:WEBTGS>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JC634 UT WOS:A1992JC63400002 ER PT J AU MARX, E AF MARX, E TI RELATIVISTIC QUANTUM-MECHANICS OF INTERACTING PARTICLES SO JOURNAL OF THE FRANKLIN INSTITUTE-ENGINEERING AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article AB The relativistic quantum mechanics of several charged scalar particles interacting with a dynamical electromagnetic field is presented in the framework of the many-amplitudes formalism. Each particle and its antiparticle are represented by a separate wave function that satisfies the Klein-Gordon equation and which contributes to the charge-current density that is a source of the electromagnetic field. The probability amplitude for several particles or antiparticles is the symmetrized product of the single-particle probability amplitudes. RP MARX, E (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-0032 J9 J FRANKLIN I JI J. Frankl. Inst.-Eng. Appl. Math. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 329 IS 4 BP 637 EP 653 DI 10.1016/0016-0032(92)90077-T PG 17 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mathematics GA JE859 UT WOS:A1992JE85900002 ER PT J AU DAY, AR SNYDER, KA GARBOCZI, EJ THORPE, MF AF DAY, AR SNYDER, KA GARBOCZI, EJ THORPE, MF TI THE ELASTIC-MODULI OF A SHEET CONTAINING CIRCULAR HOLES SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article ID CONTINUUM PERCOLATION; NETWORKS; EXPONENT AB WE APPLY computer simulation techniques to obtain the elastic moduli of a matrix containing circular holes. As the area fraction of holes increases, the Young's modulus of the composite decreases from E0 until it eventually vanishes at the percolation threshold. We study three distinct geometries: (a) periodically centered circular holes on a honeycomb lattice, (b) periodically centered circular holes on a triangular lattice, and (c) randomly centered circular holes. All three cases have the same dilute limit that can be calculated exactly. By examining the narrow necks between adjacent circles, we have calculated the critical behavior for the regular cases and obtain critical exponents of 1/2 or 3/2, depending on the local breakdown mode at the necks. For (c) we compare our results with an effective-medium theory, which predicts that the Poisson's ratio tends to 1/3 as the percolation threshold is approached, independent of its value in the pure system. Our results are also compared with recent experimental results. Based on this work, we propose that the relative Young's modulus E/E0 of a two-dimensional sheet containing circular holes, overlapping or not, is the same for all materials, independent of the Poisson's ratio nu-0,.for any prescribed geometry. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,E LANSING,MI 48824. MARQUETTE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,MILWAUKEE,WI 53233. NIST,DIV BLDG MAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 26 TC 119 Z9 121 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-5096 J9 J MECH PHYS SOLIDS JI J. Mech. Phys. Solids PD JUL PY 1992 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1031 EP 1051 DI 10.1016/0022-5096(92)90061-6 PG 21 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA HZ500 UT WOS:A1992HZ50000006 ER PT J AU JAHANMIR, S DONG, X AF JAHANMIR, S DONG, X TI MECHANISM OF MILD TO SEVERE WEAR TRANSITION IN ALPHA-ALUMINA SO JOURNAL OF TRIBOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT TRIBOLOGY CONF CY OCT 13-16, 1991 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP SOC TRIBOLOGISTS & LUBRICAT ENGINEERS, AMER SOC MECH ENGINEERS ID SILICON-NITRIDE; ROUGH SURFACES; CONTACT; FRICTION; WATER; FRACTURE; CERAMICS; STRESSES AB Friction and wear experiments were conducted on high purity alpha-alumina sliding against a similar material in air under different contact loads and at temperatures ranging from 23-degrees-C to 900-degrees-C. Experimental results indicate that tribochemical reactions between water vapor and alpha-alumina at room temperature produce aluminum hydroxide which results in relatively low coefficients of friction and low wear rates. Both the coefficient of friction and the wear rate of alumina were low at intermediate temperatures (200-degrees-C to 800-degrees-C), if the contact stress was below a threshold value. Above this load, wear occurred by fracture, the wear coefficient exceeded a value of 10(-4), and the coefficient of friction increased to 0.90. At 900-degrees-C, the coefficient of friction was 0.40 and the wear coefficient was reduced to a value less than 10(-6), because of the formation of a silicon-rich layer on the wear track. A contact mechanics model based on linear elastic fracture mechanics indicated that propagation of cracks from pre-existing flaws controls the onset of catastrophic wear in the intermediate temperature range. RP JAHANMIR, S (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,TRIBOL GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 35 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 6 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0742-4787 J9 J TRIBOL-T ASME JI J. Tribol.-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 1992 VL 114 IS 3 BP 403 EP 411 DI 10.1115/1.2920899 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA JF353 UT WOS:A1992JF35300001 ER PT J AU STROSCIO, JA PIERCE, DT DRAGOSET, RA FIRST, PN AF STROSCIO, JA PIERCE, DT DRAGOSET, RA FIRST, PN TI MICROSCOPIC ASPECTS OF THE INITIAL GROWTH OF METASTABLE FCC-IRON ON AU(111) SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38TH NATIONAL SYMP OF THE AMERICAN VACUUM SOC CY NOV 11-15, 1991 CL SEATTLE, WA SP AMER VACUUM SOC ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY; SURFACE; FE AB We report on the microscopic aspects of the growth of Fe on the Au (111) surface observed with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Nucleation of triangular Fe islands is observed to occur at the corners of the herringbone reconstruction of the Au(111) surface, which are imaged with atomic resolution. STM measurements show the existence of a metastable close-packed face-centered-cubic (fcc) phase of Fe with a 0.288 +/- 0.01-nm in-plane nearest neighbor distance. Initial fcc film growth proceeds in a nonideal layer-by-layer growth mode in which new layers start before preceding layers are complete. RP STROSCIO, JA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 13 TC 129 Z9 129 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 10 IS 4 BP 1981 EP 1985 DI 10.1116/1.578013 PN 2 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA JE682 UT WOS:A1992JE68200099 ER PT J AU WOICIK, JC KENDELEWICZ, T MIYANO, KE COWAN, PL RICHTER, M KARLIN, BA BOULDIN, CE PIANETTA, P SPICER, WE AF WOICIK, JC KENDELEWICZ, T MIYANO, KE COWAN, PL RICHTER, M KARLIN, BA BOULDIN, CE PIANETTA, P SPICER, WE TI EXTENDED X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE AND X-RAY STANDING WAVE STUDY OF THE CLEAN INP(110) SURFACE RELAXATION SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38TH NATIONAL SYMP OF THE AMERICAN VACUUM SOC CY NOV 11-15, 1991 CL SEATTLE, WA SP AMER VACUUM SOC ID SYNCHROTRON RADIATION BEAMLINE; HIGH-ENERGY-RESOLUTION; III-V-SEMICONDUCTORS; 110 SURFACES; AUGER AB Through a unique combination of surface sensitive extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and x-ray standing waves (XSW), we have determined the pertinent structural parameters of the clean InP(110) surface reconstruction. We find a rotation angle of 27-degrees between the P-In chains, no change of the first neighbor P-In bond length, and a small but measurable, approximately 0.1 angstrom, expansion of the average P-P second neighbor distance. The general application of the EXAFS and XSW techniques to the study of clean surfaces will be discussed. C1 STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD ELECTR LABS,STANFORD,CA 94305. ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. STANFORD UNIV,DEPT APPL PHYS,STANFORD,CA 94305. NATL SYNCHROTRON LIGHT SOURCE,UPTON,NY 11973. RP WOICIK, JC (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 10 IS 4 BP 2041 EP 2045 DI 10.1116/1.578021 PN 2 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA JE682 UT WOS:A1992JE68200107 ER PT J AU DAGATA, JA TSENG, W BENNETT, J DOBISZ, EA SCHNEIR, J HARARY, HH AF DAGATA, JA TSENG, W BENNETT, J DOBISZ, EA SCHNEIR, J HARARY, HH TI INTEGRATION OF SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE NANOLITHOGRAPHY AND ELECTRONICS DEVICE PROCESSING SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38TH NATIONAL SYMP OF THE AMERICAN VACUUM SOC CY NOV 11-15, 1991 CL SEATTLE, WA SP AMER VACUUM SOC ID GAAS-SURFACES; AIR; SILICON; PASSIVATION AB The emerging field of nanoelectronics demands innovative methods to fabricate nanometer-scale structures. Such structures will play a critical role in the quantum-effect device physics of future highly integrated circuit architectures. An integrated approach to compound semiconductor nanostructure fabrication based on scanning tunneling microscope (STM) nanolithography, molecular-beam epitaxy, and reactive ion etching techniques is described. The critical elements of this approach, which have been demonstrated recently, are reviewed. Prospects for the coevolutionary development of nanoelectronics and STM-based fabrication and characterization are considered. C1 USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP DAGATA, JA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 13 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 10 IS 4 BP 2105 EP 2113 DI 10.1116/1.577990 PN 2 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA JE682 UT WOS:A1992JE68200119 ER PT J AU FISCHER, DA PHILLIPS, W AF FISCHER, DA PHILLIPS, W TI SOFT-X-RAY TRANSMISSION OF THIN-FILM DIAMOND - APPLICATIONS TO DETECTORS AND HIGH-PRESSURE GAS CELLS SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38TH NATIONAL SYMP OF THE AMERICAN VACUUM SOC CY NOV 11-15, 1991 CL SEATTLE, WA SP AMER VACUUM SOC ID FLUORESCENCE DETECTION AB Thin film diamond windows are emerging as a high technology answer for a variety of soft x-ray window applications for detectors and high pressure gas cells. This innovation provides a soft x-ray window with no measurable diffusion of gas between the high pressure ( > 1 atm) and vacuum sides of the thin film diamond. Applications are discussed for soft x-ray fluorescence detectors as well as a high pressure in situ catalytic reactor for soft x-ray materials characterization at a synchrotron radiation source. We have measured the soft x-ray absolute transmission function of a thin film (0.3 to 0.5-mu-m) diamond window for the energy range between 275 and 750 eV using a gold photodiode at the National Synchrotron Light Source. The photodiode will be illustrated and the quantitative measurement technique fully outlined. X-ray transmission is found to be superior to other window technologies such as polymers or thin film beryllium and because of the inate high strength and thermal conductivity of diamond it has become the material of choice. C1 CRYSTALLUME INC,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP FISCHER, DA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 10 IS 4 BP 2119 EP 2121 DI 10.1116/1.577992 PN 2 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA JE682 UT WOS:A1992JE68200121 ER PT J AU LITTLER, CL MALDONADO, E SONG, XN YU, Z ELKIND, JL SEILER, DG LOWNEY, JR AF LITTLER, CL MALDONADO, E SONG, XN YU, Z ELKIND, JL SEILER, DG LOWNEY, JR TI INVESTIGATION OF MERCURY INTERSTITIALS IN HG1-XCDXTE ALLOYS USING RESONANT IMPACT-IONIZATION SPECTROSCOPY SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID HGCDTE ALLOYS; LUMINESCENCE; GAP AB A technique for studying low concentrations of trap levels in narrow-gap Hg1-xCdxTe has been combined with the deliberate introduction of defects to determine the activation energies of these impurities in this ternary material. In this investigation, mercury (Hg) interstitials, believed to be responsible for dark current in metal-insulator-semiconductor devices, were deliberately introduced into samples with x almost-equal-to 0.22 and x almost-equal-to 0.24. Each sample was divided into two parts with the second part of each slice used as a control. The results from these samples provide direct evidence that Hg interstitials create trap levels near 45 and 60 meV above the valence-band edge for these x-value samples. C1 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INC,CENT RES LABS,DALLAS,TX 75265. NIST,DIV SEMICOND ELECTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP LITTLER, CL (reprint author), UNIV N TEXAS,DEPT PHYS,DENTON,TX 76203, USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 10 IS 4 BP 1466 EP 1470 DI 10.1116/1.586273 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA JJ600 UT WOS:A1992JJ60000037 ER PT J AU KOPANSKI, JJ LOWNEY, JR NOVOTNY, DB SEILER, DG SIMMONS, A RAMSEY, J AF KOPANSKI, JJ LOWNEY, JR NOVOTNY, DB SEILER, DG SIMMONS, A RAMSEY, J TI HIGH-SPATIAL-RESOLUTION RESISTIVITY MAPPING APPLIED TO MERCURY CADMIUM TELLURIDE SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID HG1-XCDXTE AB The fine-scale resistivity variations of slices of bulk, n-type Hg1-xCdxTe (HgCdTe) grown by the solid-state recrystallization (SSR) process and thin-film epitaxial layers of HgCdTe grown by liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) on SSR substrates were mapped at room temperature (297 K). An automatic probe station was used to make four-probe resistance measurements, spaced 80-mu-m apart, on lithographically defined metal-to-HgCdTe contacts. Most slices of SSR HgCdTe were found to have resistivities that increased from the center to the outside edge, and some SSR material also showed small inclusions with resistivity either higher or lower than the surrounding material. LPE material was found to have a more random variation in resistivity than SSR HgCdTe material. Also, the metal-semiconductor contact resistivity of In/Pb/In/Ni contacts to n-type HgCdTe was measured to be in the range of 0.3 to 20 X 10(-5) OMEGA-cm2 for HgCdTe resistivities varying from 0.01 to 0.1-OMEGA-cm. C1 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INC,DALLAS,TX 75265. USA,CECOM,CTR NIGHT VIS & ELECTROOPT,FT BELVOIR,VA 22060. RP KOPANSKI, JJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 10 IS 4 BP 1553 EP 1559 DI 10.1116/1.586248 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA JJ600 UT WOS:A1992JJ60000051 ER PT J AU BANISH, LD GILMARTIN, WG AF BANISH, LD GILMARTIN, WG TI PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS IN THE HAWAIIAN MONK SEAL SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE MONACHUS-SCHAUINSLANDI; MONK SEAL; PATHOLOGY; EMACIATION; PARASITES; TRAUMA; SURVEY AB Postmortem examinations were performed on 45 Hawaiian monk seals (Monachus schauinslandi) collected during field research on the beaches of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (USA) from 1981 to 1985. Both males and females of all age groups, perinatal through adult, were examined. Frequent findings included parasites, trauma, cardiovascular disease (congenital and acquired), and respiratory infections. Emaciation was a common condition. All animals except neonates were infected with parasites; infection was severe in several cases. Splenic hematopoiesis was a universal histopathologic finding. Some cases exhibited lesions consistent with renal, gastrointestinal, and toxic disorders; ectopic tissue calcification; gallstones; and ophthalmologic and dental problems. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,VET MED TEACHING HOSP,DEPT MED,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP BANISH, LD (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,HONOLULU LAB,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA. NR 23 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 28 IS 3 BP 428 EP 434 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA JF485 UT WOS:A1992JF48500013 PM 1512875 ER PT J AU RAU, GH AINLEY, DG BENGTSON, JL TORRES, JJ HOPKINS, TL AF RAU, GH AINLEY, DG BENGTSON, JL TORRES, JJ HOPKINS, TL TI N-15/N-14 AND C-13/C-12 IN WEDDELL SEA BIRDS, SEALS, AND FISH - IMPLICATIONS FOR DIET AND TROPHIC STRUCTURE SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN ISOTOPE RATIOS; STABLE-CARBON ISOTOPE; FOOD-WEB STRUCTURE; ECOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS; SEABIRD ROOKERIES; CRAB-EATER; MARINE; N-15; FRACTIONATION; ENRICHMENT AB delta-C-13, delta-N-15, and C/N were measured for each of 247 muscle tissue samples from 12 bird, 4 seal, and 4 fish species collected in the Weddell Sea primarily during March 1986. delta-C-13 values ranged from -31.3 to -22.0 parts per thousand and, in the case of fish and seal samples, varied inversely with C/N. This implied that lipid concentration significantly influenced these vertebrate delta-C-13 measurements. No such relationship was found between C/N and delta-N-15, where the latter values ranged from +4.4 to +11.2 parts per thousand. with considerable overlap among many of the taxonomic groups measured. Notable exceptions to this were found in the Wilson's storm-petrel and the Kerguelan petrel, among which elevated delta-N-15 values of some individuals probably reflected feeding outside of the Weddell Sea. Significant feeding on vertebrate biomass was indicated by the N-15 enrichment of the southern giant fulmar and several snow petrel individuals. Some diet separation among crabeater, Antarctic fur, leopard, and Ross seals was also evident. Nevertheless, the overlap in delta-N-15 among most Weddell Sea vertebrates, coupled with an observed range of vertebrate values that was considerably narrower than that of their potential prey, supports the hypothesis that many of these higher consumers share a small number of common food resources and trophic levels. C1 UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ, INST MARINE SCI, SANTA CRUZ, CA 95064 USA. POINT REYES BIRD OBSERV, STINSON BEACH, CA 94970 USA. NOAA, NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, ALASKA FISHERIES CTR, NATL MARINE MAMMAL LAB, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. UNIV S FLORIDA, DEPT MARINE SCI, ST PETERSBURG, FL 33701 USA. NR 54 TC 146 Z9 153 U1 3 U2 31 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 84 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.3354/meps084001 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA JF728 UT WOS:A1992JF72800001 ER PT J AU LOUGHLIN, TR PERLOV, AS VLADIMIROV, VA AF LOUGHLIN, TR PERLOV, AS VLADIMIROV, VA TI RANGE-WIDE SURVEY AND ESTIMATION OF TOTAL NUMBER OF STELLER SEA LIONS IN 1989 SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE STELLER SEA LION; NORTHERN SEA LION; EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; RANGE-WIDE SURVEY; POPULATION SIZE ID ABUNDANCE; ALASKA AB The first range-wide survey of Steller (northern) sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) was completed in 1989 with a total of 68,094 adult and juvenile (nonpup) Steller sea lions counted. This total count includes 10,000 in Russia (15% of the range-wide count), 47,960 in Alaska (70%), 6,109 in British Columbia (9%), 2,261 in Oregon (3%), and 1,764 in California (3%). A range-wide pup count was not obtained. We estimated the 1989 world population based on a calculation for total pups and obtained a range-wide estimate of 116,000 total animals, or about 39-48% of the 240,000-300,000 estimated 30 yr ago. C1 PACIFIC RES INST MARINE FISHERIES & OCEANOG,PINNIPEDS SECT,VLADIVOSTOK 690600,USSR. ALL UNION MARINE FISHERIES & OCEANOG RES INST,MARINE MAMMAL LAB,MOSCOW 107140,USSR. RP LOUGHLIN, TR (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,NATL MARINE MAMMAL LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 23 TC 126 Z9 132 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC MARINE MAMMALOGY PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 8 IS 3 BP 220 EP 239 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.1992.tb00406.x PG 20 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA JF730 UT WOS:A1992JF73000003 ER PT J AU VITALIANO, JJ ZDANOWICZ, VS AF VITALIANO, JJ ZDANOWICZ, VS TI TRACE-METALS IN EGGS OF WINTER FLOUNDER FROM BOSTON HARBOR, A CONTAMINATED NORTH-AMERICAN ESTUARY SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Note AB In 1987, the effects of contaminant levels in Boston Harbor, Massachusetts on the reproductive success of winter flounder were studied. As part of the study, the concentrations of 15 trace metals in laboratory-spawned eggs from adult winter flounder, taken from two stations in Boston Harbor, were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Trace metal concentrations in the eggs were low. There were no statistically significant differences between the two stations in the concentrations of any trace metal in the eggs. However, two fish captured from the Deer Island station had concentrations of cadmium in their eggs that were the highest reported for a flounder species to date. The concentrations of trace metals in eggs of winter flounder from Boston Harbor were similar to eggs of flounder species from other estuaries that exhibited different levels of habitat contamination. This suggests that differences in habitat contamination are not necessarily reflected in metal concentrations in laboratory spawned eggs. RP NOAA, NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, SANDY HOOK LAB, HIGHLANDS, NJ 07732 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 24 IS 7 BP 364 EP 367 DI 10.1016/0025-326X(92)90374-F PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA JH502 UT WOS:A1992JH50200009 ER PT J AU RAWERS, JC DUNNING, JS ASAI, G REED, RP AF RAWERS, JC DUNNING, JS ASAI, G REED, RP TI CHARACTERIZATION OF STAINLESS-STEELS MELTED UNDER HIGH NITROGEN PRESSURE SO METALLURGICAL TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Mechanical properties of stainless steels increase with increasing nitrogen concentration. Currently, the maximum nitrogen concentration in commercial stainless steels is 0.8 wt pct. In this study, type 304 and 316 stainless steels were melted and cooled in a hot-isostatic-pressure (HIP) furnace using nitrogen as the pressurizing gas, producing alloys with nitrogen concentrations between 1 and 4 wt pct. These nitrogen levels exceeded the alloys' solubility limits, resulting in the formation of nitride precipitates with several different microstructures. A new phase diagram for high nitrogen stainless steel alloys is proposed. Several properties of these nitrogen stainless steel alloys with chromium nitrides present were studied: tensile strength was proportional to the interstitial nitrogen concentration; hardness, wear, and elastic modules were proportional to the total nitrogen concentration. C1 NATL INST SCI & TECHN CREAT,BOULDER,CO. RP RAWERS, JC (reprint author), US BUR MINES,ALBANY RES CTR,ALBANY,OR 97321, USA. NR 19 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0360-2133 J9 METALL TRANS A PD JUL PY 1992 VL 23 IS 7 BP 2061 EP 2068 DI 10.1007/BF02647552 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA JC404 UT WOS:A1992JC40400020 ER PT J AU GORDON, CT AF GORDON, CT TI COMPARISON OF 30-DAY INTEGRATIONS WITH AND WITHOUT CLOUD RADIATION INTERACTION SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; BUDGET EXPERIMENT; WATER-CONTENT; CLIMATE; PARAMETERIZATION; SCHEME; SENSITIVITY; ABSORPTION; ATMOSPHERE; PREDICTION AB A parameterization package for cloud-radiation interaction is incorporated into a spectral general circulation model (GCM). Fractional cloud amount is predicted quasi-empirically; cloud optical depth is specified for warm clouds and anvil cirrus, but depends on temperature for other subfreezing clouds; the long- and shortwave cloud optical properties are linked to the cloud optical depth. The model's time-mean clouds and its radiative, thermal, and dynamical response to cloud-radiation interaction are investigated for the extended forecast range, primarily by performing two sets of 30-day integrations from real initial conditions for three Northern Hemisphere (NH) winter and three NH summer cases: (i) CLDRADI, with cloud-radiation interaction; and (ii) LONDON, with this GCM's traditional specification of climatological zonal-mean cloud amount and global-mean cloud optical properties. The 30-day mean CLDRADI fields of total and high cloud amount and corresponding outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) fields are plausible in many respects, especially in the tropics, where the latter exhibit South Pacific convergence zone (SPCZ)-like and some intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ)-like features, in qualitative agreement with Nimbus-7 and Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) observations. Also, the predicted monthly mean OLR anomalies (relative to model climatology) respond to interannual variations in sea surface temperature. Cloud amount and cloud optical depth are apparently underestimated, however, over the higher-latitude oceans, especially over the Southern Hemisphere (SH) circumpolar low pressure belt and Antarctica. The zonal mean bias in shortwave and net radiation remains large at high latitudes in the summer hemisphere, despite the improved longitudinal structure in the tropics. Cloud-radiation interaction elicits a cirrus warming response, which reduces the tropical upper-tropospheric cold bias by approximately 1-2 K. Over Antarctica, the warm bias in SH summer and cold bias in SH winter are both considerably reduced. During NH winter, the tropical upper troposphere experiences a significant westerly acceleration, including a sign reversal of the zonal-mean zonal wind. By being more conducive to meridional propagation, CLDRADI's tropical westerlies may contribute to the amplification of the quasi-stationary planetary waves in the SH summer extratropics. Otherwise, the impact of cloud-radiation interaction on extratropical geopotential height is generally minimal at extended range. RP GORDON, CT (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,ERL,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,FORRESTAL CAMPUS,ROUTE 1,POB 308,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA. NR 53 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 120 IS 7 BP 1244 EP 1277 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<1244:CODIWA>2.0.CO;2 PG 34 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JE026 UT WOS:A1992JE02600008 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, RH BARTELS, DL AF JOHNSON, RH BARTELS, DL TI CIRCULATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH A MATURE-TO-DECAYING MIDLATITUDE MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEM .2. UPPER-LEVEL FEATURES SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID WEATHER RADAR DISPLAYS; WARM-CORE VORTEX; 10-11 JUNE 1985; SQUALL-LINE; STRATIFORM PRECIPITATION; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; SINGLE-DOPPLER; REAR INFLOW; COMPLEX; VORTICITY AB The vertical structure of a midtropospheric mesovortex that developed during the decay of a midlatitude mesoscale convective system over Kansas and Oklahoma on 23-24 June 1985 is documented. Surface, rawinsonde, wind profiler, and dual-Doppler data are used to define its structure. As has been observed in other midlatitude and tropical cases, the mesovortex occurred within the trailing stratiform precipitation region of a squall-line system. It was associated with a preexisting synoptic-scale shortwave trough, and as the circulation developed, it deformed the back edge of the stratiform precipitation region into a hooklike pattern. The approximately 100-200-km mesovortex was confined to the midtroposphere (3-8 km), with a maximum amplitude just above the O-degrees-C level. The vortex axis sloped toward the northeast, but its orientation changed hour by hour over the 2-h period of dual-Doppler coverage. Overall, the mesovortex was warm core, although its thermal structure was complex and apparently significantly influenced at the analysis time by a descending rear-inflow jet entering the rear portion of the stratiform region. The warmest anomaly was found at low levels (near 850 mb) with a shallow cool anomaly in the midtroposphere near the 0-degrees-C level and a weak warm anomaly aloft. At 500 mb the warmest air was shifted to the north of the vortex center, where the atmosphere was also relatively dry, while at 400 mb (near the top of the mesovortex) the warmest air coincided with the vortex center. Although the mesovortex was sampled for only a brief portion of its lifetime, the observations suggest a close coupling between synoptic, mesoscale, and even microscale (cloud) processes in its formation. A vorticity budget based on the sounding data during the decaying stage of the storm indicates that convergence production of vorticity associated with a mesoscale updraft-downdraft couplet in the stratiform precipitation region was a critical factor in intensifying the circulation at that time. vorticity production by tilting played a minor role during this period due to relatively weak environmental wind shear. The weak shear, however, likely contributed to the longevity of the mesovortex. C1 NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,DIV MESOSCALE RES,BOULDER,CO. RP JOHNSON, RH (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 51 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 120 IS 7 BP 1301 EP 1320 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<1301:CAWAMT>2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JE026 UT WOS:A1992JE02600010 ER PT J AU STERN, WF PLOSHAY, JJ AF STERN, WF PLOSHAY, JJ TI A SCHEME FOR CONTINUOUS DATA ASSIMILATION SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article AB Major revisions to the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's (GFDL) continuous data-assimilation system have been implemented and tested. Shortcomings noted during the original processing of data from FGGE [First GARP (Global Atmospheric Research Program) Global Experiment] served as the basis for these improvements. This new system has been used to reanalyze the two FGGE special observing periods. The main focus here will be on assessing the changes to the assimilation system using comparisons of rerun test results with results from the original FGGE processing. The key new features in the current system include: a reduction in the assimilation cycle from 12 to 6 h; the use of a 6-h forecast first guess for the OI (optimu-interpolation analysis) as opposed to the previous use of persistence as a first guess; an extension of the OI search range from 250 to 500 km with an increase in the maximum number of observations used per analysis point from 8 to 12; the introduction of incremental linear normal-mode initialization, eliminating the periodic nonlinear normal-mode initialization; and an increase in the horizontal resolution of the assimilating model from 30 waves to 42 waves, rhomboidally truncated. Tests of the new system show a significant reduction in the level of noise, improved consistency between mass and momentum analyses, and a better fit of the analyses to observations. In addition, the new system has demonstrated a greater ability to resolve rapidly moving and deepening transient features, with an indication of less rejection of surface pressure data. In addition to the quantities archived during the original FGGE data processing, components of diabatic heating from the assimilating model have also been archived. They should be used with caution to the extent that they reflect model bias and spinup in addition to real features of the general circulation. RP STERN, WF (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,ERL,USDC,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,ROUTE 1,POB 308,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 120 IS 7 BP 1417 EP 1432 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<1417:ASFCDA>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JE026 UT WOS:A1992JE02600017 ER PT J AU NAVON, IM ZOU, X DERBER, J SELA, J AF NAVON, IM ZOU, X DERBER, J SELA, J TI VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION WITH AN ADIABATIC VERSION OF THE NMC SPECTRAL MODEL SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ADJOINT VORTICITY EQUATION; METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS; MINIMIZATION; STORAGE; SYSTEMS AB Variational four-dimensional (4D) data assimilation is performed using an adiabatic version of the National Meteorological Center (NMC) baroclinic spectral primitive equation model with operationally analyzed fields as well as simulated datasets. Two limited-memory quasi-Newton minimization techniques were used to iteratively find the minimum of a cost function, with the NMC forecast as a constraint. The cost function consists of a weighted square sum of the differences between the model forecast and observations over a time interval. In all the experiments described in this paper, observations are available for all degrees of freedom of the model. The derivation of the adjoint of the discretized adiabatic NMC spectral model is presented. The creation of this adjoint model allows the gradient of the cost function with respect to the initial conditions to be computed using a single backward-in-time integration of the adjoint equations. As an initial evaluation of the variational data-assimilation procedure, an assimilation system with a low-resolution version of the NMC spectral model was tested using fields from a Rossby-Haurwitz-wave solution as observations. The results were encouraging, with a significant reduction in the magnitudes of both the cost function and the norm of its gradient during the minimization process. In particular, the high-frequency noise exhibited in the rms of the divergence field, produced by random perturbation in the initial conditions, is largely eliminated after the variational data assimilation. The performance of the assimilation scheme was examined in a more realistic configuration using the adiabatic NMC spectral model truncated at T40. Both operationally analyzed observations, consisting of vorticity, divergence, temperature, surface pressure and moisture fields (distributed at two time levels separated by a 6-h time interval), and model-generated data were variationally assimilated. The effect of the number of observation fields in time on the convergence rate of the minimization and the impacts due to the inclusion of the horizontal diffusion and the surface drag in the model and its adjoint on the convergence rate and the accuracy of the retrieval are addressed. C1 NOAA,NATL METEOROL CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20230. FLORIDA STATE UNIV,SUPERCOMP RES INST,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32306. FLORIDA STATE UNIV,SUPERCOMP COMPUTAT RES INST,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32306. RP NAVON, IM (reprint author), FLORIDA STATE UNIV,DEPT MATH,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32306, USA. RI Navon, Ionel/A-5173-2008 OI Navon, Ionel/0000-0001-7830-7094 NR 41 TC 198 Z9 217 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 120 IS 7 BP 1433 EP 1446 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<1433:VDAWAA>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JE026 UT WOS:A1992JE02600018 ER PT J AU FASSETT, JD KELLY, WR AF FASSETT, JD KELLY, WR TI DETERMINATION OF URANIUM AND THORIUM IN MATERIALS ASSOCIATED WITH REAL-TIME ELECTRONIC SOLAR NEUTRINO DETECTORS SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SUB-BOILING STILL; ION AB The application of isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry to the determination of both uranium and thorium in four different target materials used or proposed for electronic neutrino detectors is described. Isotope dilution analysis is done using highly enriched U-233 and Th-230 separated isotopes. Sensitivity of the technique is such that sub-picogram amounts of material are readily measured. The overall limit to measurement is caused by contamination of these elements during the measurement process. Uranium is more easily measured than thorium because both the instrumental sensitivity is higher and contamination is better controlled. The materials analyzed were light and heavy water, pseudocumene, and mineral oil. RP FASSETT, JD (reprint author), NBS,DEPT COMMERCE,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,TECHNOL ADM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUL PY 1992 VL 69 IS 4 BP 503 EP 509 DI 10.1016/0168-583X(92)95307-D PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA JE806 UT WOS:A1992JE80600012 ER PT J AU STEELE, KE TENG, CC WANG, DWC AF STEELE, KE TENG, CC WANG, DWC TI WAVE DIRECTION MEASUREMENTS USING PITCH-ROLL BUOYS SO OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID CALIBRATION TECHNIQUES; SPECTRA AB This paper describes the 3-m diameter discus buoys that the National Data Buoy Center of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration now uses routinely to measure ocean directional wave data. Large quantities of these data, from which estimates of directional wave spectra can be calculated, are now in the national archives. An overview of all aspects of the buoy design is provided. with particular emphasis on data processing methods. A description of a new method for determining the total sensor-hull response phase angle, which needs to be applied each hour to calculate best estimates of directional wave spectra, is included. Examples of measured response functions and directional wave data are presented. C1 COMP SCI CORP,BAY ST LOUIS,MS 39529. RP STEELE, KE (reprint author), NATL DATA BUOY CTR,BAY ST LOUIS,MS 39529, USA. NR 28 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0029-8018 J9 OCEAN ENG JI Ocean Eng. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 19 IS 4 BP 349 EP 375 DI 10.1016/0029-8018(92)90035-3 PG 27 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA JA917 UT WOS:A1992JA91700003 ER PT J AU ZHAO, YZ POST, MJ LAWRENCE, TR AF ZHAO, YZ POST, MJ LAWRENCE, TR TI EFFECTS OF VARIOUS CAVITY DESIGNS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF A CO2 TEA LASER WITH AN UNSTABLE RESONATOR SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE UNSTABLE RESONATOR MODELING; CO2 LASERS; WAVE PROPAGATION; LIDAR ID PULSED COHERENT LIDARS; RECEIVING EFFICIENCY AB Unstable resonator modeling has been carried out for an injection-seeded CO2 transversely excited atmosphere (TEA) laser in the NOAA/ERL/Wave Propagation Laboratory (WPL) Doppler lidar to examine the effects of various cavity designs on the quality of the output beam. The results show the effects of an injection pinhole, electrode spacing, mirror tilt, and radial reflectivity function of the output coupler. The electrode spacing in our laser has negligible effect. The injection pinhole, however, produces complicated structures in the output patterns. If the pinhole is removed, the output pattern is much smoother, and the frequency jitter is smaller. Misalignment sensitivity is very closely related to the radial reflectivity function. The superparabolic function provides the highest coupling efficiency, largest beam size, and good collimation, but produces a slightly higher misalignment sensitivity compared with a parabolic function. The Gaussian function provides the lowest misalignment sensitivity, but it produces the smallest beam size and the largest beam divergence. Also, the coupling coefficient is 50% lower than the optimum value. Methods for using a flat diffraction grating in unstable resonators are also investigated. The best way is to use a flat grating/positive lens combination to replace the back concave mirror. C1 STI OPTRON,BELLEVUE,WA 98004. UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,NOAA,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP ZHAO, YZ (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,WAVE PROPAGAT LAB,325 BROADWAY,RE WP2,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PHOTO-OPT INSTRUM ENG PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 31 IS 7 BP 1532 EP 1537 DI 10.1117/12.57680 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA JD558 UT WOS:A1992JD55800022 ER PT J AU REGAN, JD CARRIER, WL GUCINSKI, H OLLA, BL YOSHIDA, H FUJIMURA, RK WICKLUND, RI AF REGAN, JD CARRIER, WL GUCINSKI, H OLLA, BL YOSHIDA, H FUJIMURA, RK WICKLUND, RI TI DNA AS A SOLAR DOSIMETER IN THE OCEAN SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; NATURAL-WATERS AB Stratospheric ozone depletion may result in increased solar UV-B radiation to the ocean's upper layers and may cause deleterious effects on marine organisms. The primary UV-B damage induced in biological systems is to DNA. While physical measurements of solar UV-B penetration into the sea have been made, the effective depth and magnitude of actual DNA damage have not been determined. In the experiments reported here, UV-B-induced photoproducts (cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers) have been quantified in DNA molecules exposed to solar UV at the surface and at various depths in clear, tropical marine waters off Lee Stocking Island (23-degrees 45-degrees N, 76-degrees 0.7' W), Exuma Cays, Bahamas. [C-14]thymidine-labeled DNA or unlabeled bacteriophage phi-X174 DNA was placed in specially designed quartz tubes at various depths for up to five days. Following exposure, DNA samples were removed to the laboratory where UV-B-induced pyrimidine dimers were quantified using a radiochromatographic assay, and bacteriophage DNA inactivation by solar UV-B was assayed by plaque formation in spheroplasts of Escherichia coli. Pyrimidine dimer induction was linear with time but the accumulation of dimers in DNA with time varied greatly with depth. Attenuation of dimer formation with depth of water was exponential. DNA at 3 m depth had only 17% of the pyrimidine dimers found at the surface. Bacteriophage phi-X174 DNA, while reduced 96% in plaque-forming ability by a one day exposure to solar UV at the surface of the water, showed no effect on plaque formation after a similar exposure at 3 m. The data collected at the water's surface showed a "surface-enhanced dose" in that DNA damages at the real surface were greater than at the imaginary surface, which was obtained by extrapolating the data at depth to the surface. These results show the sensitivity of both the biochemical (dimers) and biological (phage plaques) DNA dosimeters. DNA dosimeters offer a sensitive, convenient and relatively inexpensive monitoring system, having both biochemical and biological endpoints for monitoring the biologically effective UV-B flux in the marine environment. Unlike physical dosimeters. DNA dosimeters do not have to be adjusted for biological effectiveness since they are sensitive only to DNA-mediated biologically effective UV-B radiation. Results of pyrimidine dimer induction in DNA by solar UV accurately predicted UV doses to the phage DNA. C1 US EPA,MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. ALASKA FISHERIES CTR,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,HATFIELD MARINE SCI CTR,NEWPORT,OR 97365. CARIBBEAN MARINE RES CTR,EXUMA CAYS,BAHAMAS. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV BIOL,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV HLTH & SAFETY RES,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP REGAN, JD (reprint author), FLORIDA INST TECHNOL,DEPT BIOL SCI,MELBOURNE,FL 32901, USA. NR 28 TC 80 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOBIOLOGY PI AUGUSTA PA BIOTECH PARK, 1021 15TH ST, SUITE 9, AUGUSTA, GA 30901-3158 SN 0031-8655 J9 PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL JI Photochem. Photobiol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 56 IS 1 BP 35 EP 42 DI 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1992.tb09599.x PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA JF185 UT WOS:A1992JF18500006 PM 1387234 ER PT J AU DELUISI, J WENDELL, J KREINER, F AF DELUISI, J WENDELL, J KREINER, F TI AN EXAMINATION OF THE SPECTRAL RESPONSE CHARACTERISTICS OF 7 ROBERTSON-BERGER METERS AFTER LONG-TERM FIELD USE SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY LA English DT Note AB Seven Robertson-Berger ultraviolet meters located at National Weather Service stations were subjected to a laboratory analysis of their spectral response functions. The analysis revealed that all spectral response functions were similar in shape in the important erythematogenic wavelength region of 300-330 nm; however, a few of the spectral response function wavelength positions varied slightly. The average of the spectral response functions was compared to Robertson-Berger meter spectral response functions published in the 1970s, and they agreed within experimental error. This finding suggests that the shapes of the spectral response functions did not change or changed only slightly during the meters' long-term exposure in the network. To provide insight into the problems associated with measurement of ultraviolet radiation in the UV-B region (295-320 nm), examples of errors caused by wavelength band shifts and calibration procedures are given. C1 UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP DELUISI, J (reprint author), NOAA,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 12 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOBIOLOGY PI AUGUSTA PA BIOTECH PARK, 1021 15TH ST, SUITE 9, AUGUSTA, GA 30901-3158 SN 0031-8655 J9 PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL JI Photochem. Photobiol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 56 IS 1 BP 115 EP 122 DI 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1992.tb09612.x PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA JF185 UT WOS:A1992JF18500019 ER PT J AU MOLLER, G TRABERT, E HECKMANN, PH SUGAR, J AF MOLLER, G TRABERT, E HECKMANN, PH SUGAR, J TI 3D94S2-3D94S4P TRANSITIONS IN CU I-LIKE NB-XIII SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article ID INTERCOMBINATION LINES; ENERGY-LEVELS; ZINC-LIKE; SPECTRA; IONS AB The 3d(9)4s2 2D(J) levels in Cu-like ions are central to an x-ray laser scheme proposed by Morley and Sugar. Recent decay curve data on these levels, obtained from foil-excited ions of Nb, Mo and Ag indicated the presence of strong cascades from long-lived 3d(9)4s4p 2,4L levels. This conjecture has now been corroborated by a successful search for these cascades, in which lifetimes of several 3d(9)4s4p (J = 5/2, 7/2) levels were determined. The line identifications were aided by semiempirical calculations and by earlier results on 3d(10)4s-3d(9)4s4p (J = 1/2, 3/2) transitions by Wyart et al. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP MOLLER, G (reprint author), RUHR UNIV BOCHUM,W-4630 BOCHUM 1,GERMANY. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0281-1847 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 46 IS 1 BP 36 EP 39 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/46/1/006 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA JE211 UT WOS:A1992JE21100006 ER PT J AU INDELICATO, P MOHR, PJ AF INDELICATO, P MOHR, PJ TI COORDINATE-SPACE APPROACH TO THE BOUND-ELECTRON SELF-ENERGY SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SHIFT AB The self-energy correction for an electron bound in an electrostatic potential is examined in cordinate space. The binding potential is assumed to be spherically symmetric and local but not necessarily Coulomb. Subtractions that remove infinite renormalization terms and lower-order terms are given as operators in coordinate space in order to facilitate numerical evaluations of the level shift. This approach is expected to be applicable to calculations of finite-nuclear-size corrections and electron-screening corrections to the self-energy, and to calculations of higher-order quantum-electrodynamic corrections where the self-energy diagram is part of a more complex external-field Feynman diagram. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP INDELICATO, P (reprint author), UNIV PARIS 06,PHYS ATOM & NUCL LAB,BOITE 93,4 PL JUSSIEU,F-75252 PARIS 05,FRANCE. RI Indelicato, Paul/D-7636-2011 OI Indelicato, Paul/0000-0003-4668-8958 NR 17 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL 1 PY 1992 VL 46 IS 1 BP 172 EP 185 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.46.172 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA JC558 UT WOS:A1992JC55800023 ER PT J AU DJURIC, N BELL, EW DANIEL, E DUNN, GH AF DJURIC, N BELL, EW DANIEL, E DUNN, GH TI ABSOLUTE CROSS-SECTION MEASUREMENTS FOR ELECTRON-IMPACT IONIZATION OF CL+ SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID AR+ IONS; ATOMS AB Absolute cross sections for electron-impact ionization of Cl+ have been measured from threshold to 200 eV with the use of the crossed-beams technique. The cross section shows a peak value of 12.8 x 10(-17) cm2 at about 70 eV. Results are compared to the semiempirical prediction formula of Lotz, with scaled cross sections for ions in the same isoelectronic sequence, and with other recent measurements. Expansion coefficients and formulas for generating ionization rate coefficients in the electron temperature range 10(4) less-than-or-equal-to T less-than-or-equal-to 10(7) K are presented. C1 INST PHYS,YU-11001 BELGRADE,YUGOSLAVIA. RP DJURIC, N (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80302, USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL 1 PY 1992 VL 46 IS 1 BP 270 EP 274 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.46.270 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA JC558 UT WOS:A1992JC55800036 ER PT J AU BAND, YB JULIENNE, PS AF BAND, YB JULIENNE, PS TI OPTICAL-BLOCH-EQUATION METHOD FOR COLD-ATOM COLLISIONS - CS LOSS FROM OPTICAL TRAPS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID STATE MULTIPOLE MOMENTS; RADIATION REACTION; FREQUENCY-SHIFTS; LIGHT; SYSTEMS AB We develop an optical-Bloch-equation approach for modeling ultracold-atom collisions in optical traps. The method incorporates a molecular picture of the atomic collision, laser-field dressing of the molecular states participating in the dynamics, and decay of the population and polarization due to spontaneous emission of excited states. The last is important to incorporate because the duration of the cold collisions is longer than the excited state lifetimes. The relative motion of the atoms during the course of the collision is treated semiclassically with corrections for the time-dependent relative motion of the atoms in the various channels. An application of the method to Cs trap loss due to fine-structure-changing collisions is presented. Good agreement with experiment is obtained. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,INST THEORET ATOM & MOLEC PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC SPECT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP BAND, YB (reprint author), BEN GURION UNIV NEGEV,DEPT CHEM,IL-84105 BEER SHEVA,ISRAEL. RI Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 NR 41 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL 1 PY 1992 VL 46 IS 1 BP 330 EP 343 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.46.330 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA JC558 UT WOS:A1992JC55800045 ER PT J AU BANDARAGE, G MAQUET, A MENIS, T TAIEB, R VENIARD, V COOPER, J AF BANDARAGE, G MAQUET, A MENIS, T TAIEB, R VENIARD, V COOPER, J TI HARMONIC-GENERATION BY LASER-DRIVEN CLASSICAL HYDROGEN-ATOMS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; MICROWAVE IONIZATION; RARE-GASES; PERTURBATION-THEORY; 1064-NM RADIATION; RAMAN-SCATTERING; FIELDS; CONVERSION; ELECTRONS; DYNAMICS AB We present the results of our investigations of the dynamics of a classical hydrogen atom submitted to an intense classical radiation field with a relatively low frequency as compared to the characteristic Kepler frequency of the atomic system. We discuss here the harmonic spectra which can be deduced from a Fourier analysis of the time evolution of the strongly driven atomic dipole, associated either with a single trajectory or with ensembles of trajectories evolving from an initial microcanonical distribution. The spectra obtained from ensemble-averaged atomic dipoles qualitatively reproduce the main features of those recently observed in experiments and allow, in particular, discussion of the occurrence of a plateau in the distribution of harmonic intensities as a function of their order. The possible competition between harmonic generation and multiphoton ionization, which both take place in the same laser-intensity range, is also discussed. C1 UNIV PARIS 06,CHIM PHYS LAB,11 RUE PIERRE & MARIE CURIE,F-75231 PARIS 05,FRANCE. UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP BANDARAGE, G (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT CHEM,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 31 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL 1 PY 1992 VL 46 IS 1 BP 380 EP 390 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.46.380 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA JC558 UT WOS:A1992JC55800051 ER PT J AU CATICHA, A CATICHA, N AF CATICHA, A CATICHA, N TI PHENOMENOLOGICAL QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS IN PERIODIC DIELECTRIC MEDIA SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Note ID MOSSBAUER GAMMA-RAYS; BRAGG ANGLES; X-RAYS; DIFFRACTION; EMISSION; CRYSTALS AB The quantization of the x-ray field in a crystalline medium phenomenologically described by a periodic dielectric susceptibility chi(r) is carried out exactly, that is, the usual approximation of the dynamical theory of x-ray diffraction of neglecting terms that are of second and higher orders in chi is not employed. This can be achieved after exact orthogonality relations for the classical electromagnetic Bloch waves are obtained. This formalism provides a simple framework for the study of a number of QED processes involving x-ray photons undergoing diffraction in a crystal. As a brief application, we show that the interaction of the quantized radiation field with an arbitrary classical current, i.e., the radiation of coherent states of Bloch photons can be studied along lines similar to the analogous situation in vacuum. The emission of such x-ray Bloch photons is governed by Poisson distributions. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,INST PHYS SCI & TECHNOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. UNIV SAO PAULO,INST FIS,BR-01498 SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. RP CATICHA, A (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 1 PY 1992 VL 46 IS 1 BP 479 EP 482 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.46.479 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA JC556 UT WOS:A1992JC55600060 ER PT J AU STERN, EA MA, YJ HANSKEPETITPIERRE, O BOULDIN, CE AF STERN, EA MA, YJ HANSKEPETITPIERRE, O BOULDIN, CE TI RADIAL-DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION IN X-RAY-ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NEAR-EDGE STRUCTURE; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; EXAFS; APPROXIMATION; LIMITATIONS; RESOLUTION AB It has been argued that, in systems that have disorder too large to be described by a Gaussian, x-ray-absorption fine-structure (XAFS) spectroscopy alone cannot define the radial distribution function (RDF) because of the lack of low-k data. We show that the low-k data can, under certain conditions, be reconstructed using cumulant expansions, which give the correct functional form. This allows XAFS to determine unbiased single-shell RDF's in cases of moderate disorder, without assuming a particular model for the RDF. Some examples are given to illustrate the technique and its limitations. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP STERN, EA (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT PHYS,FM-15,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. NR 40 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 1 PY 1992 VL 46 IS 2 BP 687 EP 694 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.46.687 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA JC922 UT WOS:A1992JC92200011 ER PT J AU NAKATANI, AI WALDOW, DA HAN, CC AF NAKATANI, AI WALDOW, DA HAN, CC TI A RHEOMETER WITH 2-DIMENSIONAL AREA DETECTION FOR LIGHT-SCATTERING-STUDIES OF POLYMER MELTS AND SOLUTIONS SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SHEAR-FLOW; SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION; SEMIDILUTE SOLUTION; PHASE-SEPARATION; CRITICAL MIXTURE; FLUCTUATIONS; BLEND AB A combined rheometer and light scattering photometer has been constructed to examine the light scattering behavior of polymer melts and solutions under the influence of a simple shear field. The device utilizes a special lens system and a two-dimensional charge-coupled device array detector which has not been used previously in an apparatus of this type to quantitatively measure the scattering intensity as a function of shear rate. The accessible q range of the instrument is from 3.75 X 10(-4) to 3.0 X 10(-3) nm-1 (2.2-degrees-17.4-degrees scattering angle, with lambda = 632.8 nm). The rheometer utilizes a cone and plate geometry to generate the shear gradient and is capable of measuring torque (1.8 N m maximum) and normal forces (50 N maximum). An 8% solution of a 50:50 polystyrene/polybutadiene blend in dioctyl phthalate was used to test the apparatus. This sample shows a shear-induced mixing behavior which is consistent with previous measurements by other investigators. RP NAKATANI, AI (reprint author), NIST,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. OI Waldow, Dean/0000-0002-0588-4760 NR 19 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 63 IS 7 BP 3590 EP 3598 DI 10.1063/1.1143584 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA JC048 UT WOS:A1992JC04800009 ER PT J AU BRYNER, N RICHARDS, CD PITTS, WM AF BRYNER, N RICHARDS, CD PITTS, WM TI A RAYLEIGH LIGHT-SCATTERING FACILITY FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF FREE JETS AND PLUMES SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID TURBULENT; FLOWS; FIELD AB A Rayleigh light scattering facility (RLSF) has been developed and successfully used to examine mixing in free jets and buoyant plumes. The RLSF couples laser diagnostics with a cylindrical clean room, test section diameter of 2.4 m and a height of 2.4 m, to monitor the real-time concentration behavior within turbulent flows. The facility has been carefully designed to minimize interferences of glare and Mie scattering by suppressing background light and removing dust particles. The relatively large working section of the RLSF allows quantitative concentration measurements via Rayleigh light scattering (RLS) in free shear flows entering quiescent surroundings. As a result, RLS measurements are now possible in momentum-driven flows for conditions which were impossible in the past and in buoyancy-driven flows for which no previous RLS investigations have been made. Initial measurements of concentration in momentum-driven jet flows of helium and Freon-13 and a transitional (momentum- to buoyancy-driven) jet of Freon-13 demonstrate the advantages of the new RLSF. RP BRYNER, N (reprint author), NIST,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 63 IS 7 BP 3629 EP 3635 DI 10.1063/1.1143588 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA JC048 UT WOS:A1992JC04800013 ER PT J AU MICHIELS, F BUTAYE, L ADAMS, F SIMONS, D AF MICHIELS, F BUTAYE, L ADAMS, F SIMONS, D TI DETERMINATION OF ARSENIC DISTRIBUTION ACROSS SIO2/SI INTERFACES WITH SECONDARY ION MASS-SPECTROMETRY, USING AR+ BOMBARDMENT AND THE INTERNAL INDICATOR METHOD SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-OXIDATION; MISR METHOD; SIMS; REDISTRIBUTION; SILICON; BORON AB The quantification of arsenic in SiO2/Si interfaces is hindered by matrix effects that influence the sensitivity of the impurity elements in the interface. Moreover, ion- and electron-enhanced segregation, charging effects and mass interferences further complicate the analysis. The suitability of the internal indicator method to account for the variation of the sensitivity of arsenic while profiling through SiO2/Si interfaces was evaluated. Although the method does not provide a comprehensive answer to all problems, the feasibility of the methodology was demonstrated. Arsenic was found to be enriched in the Si phase by a factor of approximately 4000. C1 UNIV INSTELLING ANTWERP,DEPT CHEM,B-2610 WILRIJK,BELGIUM. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0142-2421 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 18 IS 7 BP 539 EP 544 DI 10.1002/sia.740180714 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA JE100 UT WOS:A1992JE10000013 ER PT J AU OGREN, JA CHARLSON, RJ AF OGREN, JA CHARLSON, RJ TI IMPLICATIONS FOR MODELS AND MEASUREMENTS OF CHEMICAL INHOMOGENEITIES AMONG CLOUD DROPLETS SO TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article AB Cloud droplet solutes are expected to vary in both species composition and molarity with droplet size and from droplet to droplet of the same size. Inhomogeneities in droplet composition and molarity on the microscale (spatial dimensions up to ca. 1 m) result from the size-dependent chemical composition of the aerosol particles that act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), the inverse dependence of droplet growth rate on droplet radius, and from in-cloud scavenging and chemical reactions. The first two factors alone produce droplet solute molarities that can vary over 4 orders of magnitude for a factor of 2 range of droplet size. This strong size dependence is established very early in the growth of the droplet, and is the starting point for subsequent chemical and physical processes that can enhance or diminish the initial inhomogeneities. Pronounced vertical inhomogeneities in droplet solute molarity are expected as a consequence of the size-dependence of droplet growth, particularly near the base of a cloud. For some droplet sizes, solute molarities can change by 3 orders of magnitude over height intervals of 30 m. Turbulent entrainment of sub-saturated air from outside of the cloud produces additional cloud-scale inhomogeneities by causing some or all of the droplets to evaporate, and by supplying additional CCN and reagent gases to the cloud. The presence of an ice phase in the upper reaches of a cloud is another factor that alters the variability of hydrometeor composition and chemical concentration. Differences in the chemical and physical inputs to a cloud produce different inhomogeneities. For example, a wider range of particle sizes is expected to act as CCN in very clean air or in clouds with high updraft velocities, leading to stronger gradients in solute concentration with droplet size. In many cases, it may be impossible to observe the full range of inhomogeneities present in the cloud. Nevertheless, it is important that experimental and numerical investigations of cloud chemistry recognize that such inhomogeneities are present, and that the inhomogeneities are controlled by both physical and chemical factors. RP OGREN, JA (reprint author), NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,R-E-CG1,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Ogren, John/M-8255-2015 OI Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583 NR 0 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 4 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0280-6509 J9 TELLUS B JI Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 44 IS 3 BP 208 EP 225 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0889.1992.t01-2-00004.x PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JF767 UT WOS:A1992JF76700004 ER PT J AU OLLA, BL DAVIS, MW SCHRECK, CB AF OLLA, BL DAVIS, MW SCHRECK, CB TI COMPARISON OF PREDATOR AVOIDANCE CAPABILITIES WITH CORTICOSTEROID LEVELS INDUCED BY STRESS IN JUVENILE COHO SALMON SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Note ID ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH SMOLTS; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; CHINOOK SALMON; CORTISOL; TRANSPORTATION; RESPONSES; SEAWATER; PLASMA AB The relationship between predator avoidance deficits induced by a simple handling stress and the level of plasma corticosteroids was determined for juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch. Groups of fish were held out of water for 1 min, then allowed to recover from this stress for 1, 90, or 240 min. After each recovery period, some unstressed and stressed fish were sampled for plasma cortisol, and others were subjected to predation by lingcod Ophiodon elongatus. Levels of corticosteroids in stressed fish remained high throughout the 240-min period of recovery, but predator avoidance returned to control levels in less than 90 min. Results suggest that juvenile coho salmon quickly recover basic survival skills of predator avoidance after mild stress, even though cortisol levels continue to indicate a stressed condition. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,OREGON COOPERAT FISHERY RES UNIT,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP OLLA, BL (reprint author), HATFIELD MARINE SCI CTR,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,NEWPORT,OR 97365, USA. NR 19 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 121 IS 4 BP 544 EP 547 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1992)121<0544:NCOPAC>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA JZ974 UT WOS:A1992JZ97400012 ER PT J AU CARSON, G HU, HW GRANICK, S JAHANMIR, S HORN, R AF CARSON, G HU, HW GRANICK, S JAHANMIR, S HORN, R TI MOLECULAR TRIBOLOGY OF FLUID LUBRICATION - SHEAR THINNING SO TRIBOLOGY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT TRIBOLOGY CONF CY OCT 14-16, 1991 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP SOC TRIBOLOGISTS & LUBRICAT ENGINEERS, AMER SOC MECH ENGINEERS ID SMOOTH SURFACES; LIQUID-FILMS; FRICTION AB An investigation of the boundary layer viscosity of films of non-polar liquid lubricants, hexadecane and a silicone oil, octamethyl-cyclotetrasiloxane, confined between parallel atomically smooth single crystals of muscovite mica, is reported. The effective viscosity (eta(eff)) showed a zone of linear response and a second zone of extreme shear thinning. In the zone of linear response, eta(eff) increased exponentially with increasing net normal pressure, increasing from 250 to 2200 poises as the pressure was raised from 0.03 to 0.15 MPa. However, very large shear thinning (decay by more than one order of magnitude) was observed as the effective shear rate was varied from 1 sec-1 to 10(4) sec-1, and the transition to glassy solid response (critical shear stress behavior) was impeded by continuous shear. These experiments show that the rheology of a lubricant within a zone of contact can be strikingly different from that in the bulk. Possible engineering applications of these findings are discussed. C1 NBS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP CARSON, G (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 25 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 13 PU SOC TRIBOLOGISTS & LUBRICATION ENGINEERS PI PARK RIDGE PA 838 BUSSE HIGHWAY, PARK RIDGE, IL 60068 SN 0569-8197 J9 TRIBOL T JI Tribol. Trans. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 35 IS 3 BP 405 EP 410 DI 10.1080/10402009208982135 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA JC073 UT WOS:A1992JC07300003 ER PT J AU HU, ZS HSU, SM PU, SW AF HU, ZS HSU, SM PU, SW TI TRIBOCHEMICAL REACTION OF STEARIC-ACID ON COPPER SURFACE STUDIED BY SURFACE ENHANCED RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY SO TRIBOLOGY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE LASER RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY; TRIBOCHEMICAL REACTION; COPPER SURFACE; STEARIC ACID ID FERMI RESONANCES; B-FORM; SPECTRA; SCATTERING; LUBRICATION; MICROPROBE; DEPENDENCE; MOLECULES; CRYSTALS; SILVER AB Micro-Raman spectroscopy was used to study the tribochemical reaction Of a copper surface and stearic acid in pin-on-disc wear tests. The characteristic Raman bands of cupric stearate at 1547, 623, 288, and 243 wavenumbers were observed in the spectra of the worn copper surfaces. This confirms the formation of cupric stearate. The tribochemical reaction was initiated by the formation Of a chemisorbed stearic acid on the native oxide film of the copper surface. This chemisorbed stearic acid exists as a monomer and is bonded to the copper surface in a nearly perpendicular configuration. The presence of this native oxide film is necessary for this chemisorption to occur. The chemisorbed stearic acid is converted into cupric stearate by tribochemical interactions. RP HU, ZS (reprint author), NBS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 41 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC TRIBOLOGISTS & LUBRICATION ENGINEERS PI PARK RIDGE PA 838 BUSSE HIGHWAY, PARK RIDGE, IL 60068 SN 0569-8197 J9 TRIBOL T JI Tribol. Trans. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 35 IS 3 BP 417 EP 422 DI 10.1080/10402009208982137 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA JC073 UT WOS:A1992JC07300005 ER PT J AU DAGATA, JA TSENG, W BENNETT, J SCHNEIR, J HARARY, HH AF DAGATA, JA TSENG, W BENNETT, J SCHNEIR, J HARARY, HH TI IMAGING OF PASSIVATED III-V-SEMICONDUCTOR SURFACES BY A SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE OPERATING IN AIR SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article AB A procedure is described for preparing stable GaAs and other III-V semiconductor surfaces for scanning tunneling microscope (STM) imaging under ambient conditions. The procedure involves the use of a dilute P2S5/(NH4)2S passivating solution, which produces a highly uniform, ultra-thin surface oxide. STM imaging with nanometer-scale resolution of a P2S5-passivated, AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs, x = 0.1-0.4, compositional superlattice and a variable-period Al0.51Ga0.49As/GaAs superlattice is used to illustrate some of the properties of this passivation method. RP DAGATA, JA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 10 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD JUL PY 1992 VL 42 BP 1288 EP 1294 DI 10.1016/0304-3991(92)90437-O PN B PG 7 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA JM423 UT WOS:A1992JM42300052 ER PT J AU NORTON, SJ AF NORTON, SJ TI ADAPTIVE IMAGING IN ABERRATING MEDIA - A BROAD-BAND ALGORITHM SO ULTRASONIC IMAGING LA English DT Article DE ABERRATING MEDIA; ADAPTIVE IMAGING; IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION; INHOMOGENEOUS MEDIA; ULTRASONIC IMAGING ID DIFFUSE RP NORTON, SJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0161-7346 J9 ULTRASONIC IMAGING JI Ultrason. Imaging PD JUL PY 1992 VL 14 IS 3 BP 300 EP 321 DI 10.1016/0161-7346(92)90068-7 PG 22 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA JZ980 UT WOS:A1992JZ98000005 PM 1448893 ER PT J AU HILL, RJ AF HILL, RJ TI REVIEW OF OPTICAL SCINTILLATION METHODS OF MEASURING THE REFRACTIVE-INDEX SPECTRUM, INNER SCALE AND SURFACE FLUXES SO WAVES IN RANDOM MEDIA LA English DT Review AB The background, recent progress and future trends of remote sensing of three environmental parameters using optical scintillation are reviewed. The parameters are the refractive-index spectrum of turbulence, the inner scale of turbulence, and the surface fluxes of heat, humidity and momentum. RP HILL, RJ (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LABS,WAVE PROPAGAT LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 65 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0959-7174 J9 WAVE RANDOM MEDIA JI Waves Random Media PD JUL PY 1992 VL 2 IS 3 BP 179 EP 201 DI 10.1088/0959-7174/2/3/001 PG 23 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA JG841 UT WOS:A1992JG84100001 ER PT J AU PURI, S CHAND, B GARG, ML SINGH, N HUBBELL, JH TREHAN, PN AF PURI, S CHAND, B GARG, ML SINGH, N HUBBELL, JH TREHAN, PN TI PHYSICAL PARAMETERS FOR L X-RAY-PRODUCTION CROSS-SECTIONS SO X-RAY SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID RELATIVE INTENSITY MEASUREMENTS; RANGE 11-41 KEV; ENERGY-RANGE; FLUORESCENCE YIELDS; EMISSION RATES; FOCK VALUES; ELEMENTS; TA; AU; BI AB Photon-induced L x-ray production cross-sections for the elements with 56 less-than-or-equal-to Z less-than-or-equal-to 92 were calculated at different energies in the range 11-60 keV using the photoionization cross-sections based on the relativistic Dirac-Hartree-Slater (RDHS) model, fluorescence yields and Coster-Kronig transition probabilities based on the RDHS model and two sets of emission rates based on the Dirac-Fock (DF) model and the Dirac-Hartree-Slater (DHS) model. These calculated results were compared with the experimentally measured cross-sections to check the applicability of emission rates based on the DF and DHS models. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP PURI, S (reprint author), PANJAB UNIV,DEPT PHYS,CHANDIGARH 160014,INDIA. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0049-8246 J9 X-RAY SPECTROM JI X-Ray Spectrom. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 21 IS 4 BP 171 EP 174 DI 10.1002/xrs.1300210405 PG 4 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA JJ776 UT WOS:A1992JJ77600003 ER PT J AU RIDLEY, BA ROBINSON, E AF RIDLEY, BA ROBINSON, E TI THE MAUNA-LOA-OBSERVATORY PHOTOCHEMISTRY EXPERIMENT SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERE AB Concurrent measurements of selected odd nitrogen constituents, hydrocarbons, peroxides, organic acids, formaldehyde, and other species were made from May 1, to June 4, 1988, at the Mauna Loa Observatory. An introduction to the experiment and a description of some of its objectives are presented. C1 NOAA, MAUNA LOA OBSERV, HILO, HI 96720 USA. RP RIDLEY, BA (reprint author), NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, DIV ATMOSPHER CHEM, POB 3000, BOULDER, CO 80307 USA. NR 18 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 30 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D10 BP 10285 EP 10290 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JC361 UT WOS:A1992JC36100001 ER PT J AU HAHN, CJ MERRILL, JT MENDONCA, BG AF HAHN, CJ MERRILL, JT MENDONCA, BG TI METEOROLOGICAL INFLUENCES DURING MLOPEX SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article AB Meteorological data are presented and discussed for the period May 1 to June 4, 1988, in support of the Mauna Loa Observatory Photochemistry Experiment (MLOPEX). Isentropic trajectories were computed to determine air mass origins. Meteorological observations at the Mauna Loa Observatory and radiosonde observations from Hilo, Hawaii, are used to analyze local influences on air mass composition. C1 NOAA, CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB, BOULDER, CO 80302 USA. UNIV RHODE ISL, GRAD SCH OCEANOG, CTR ATMOSPHER CHEM STUDIES, NARRAGANSETT, RI 02882 USA. RP HAHN, CJ (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO, NOAA, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NR 25 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 30 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D10 BP 10291 EP 10309 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JC361 UT WOS:A1992JC36100002 ER PT J AU WALEGA, JG RIDLEY, BA MADRONICH, S GRAHEK, FE SHETTER, JD SAUVAIN, TD HAHN, CJ MERILL, JT BODHAINE, BA ROBINSON, E AF WALEGA, JG RIDLEY, BA MADRONICH, S GRAHEK, FE SHETTER, JD SAUVAIN, TD HAHN, CJ MERILL, JT BODHAINE, BA ROBINSON, E TI OBSERVATIONS OF PEROXYACETYL NITRATE, PEROXYPROPIONYL NITRATE, METHYL NITRATE AND OZONE DURING THE MAUNA-LOA-OBSERVATORY PHOTOCHEMISTRY EXPERIMENT SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LAYER AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS; CONTINENTAL UNITED-STATES; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PACIFIC-OCEAN; EASTERN PACIFIC; CARBON-MONOXIDE; NORTH PACIFIC; NITRIC-OXIDE; C2-C5 HYDROCARBONS AB Measurements of the title species were made during the Mauna Loa Observatory Photochemistry Experiment (MLOPEX) conducted between May 1 and June 4, 1988, at the Geophysical Monitoring for Climatic Change (GMCC) station at 3.4-km elevation on the Island of Hawaii. Diurnal changes in the organic nitrates primarily resulted from the transition between downslope flow (usually free tropospheric air) and upslope flow (marine boundary layer or a mix of marine boundary layer and free tropospheric air, both influenced by island sources of precursors) characteristic of the site. Longer term trends in the mixing ratios reflected changes in air mass origins from mid-latitudes to more tropical latitudes. The average mixing ratios in free tropospheric samples were peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN, 17 pptv), peroxypropionyl nitrate (PPN, 0.3 pptv), methyl nitrate (MN, 4 pptv), and O3 (43 ppbv). The organic nitrates (PAN, PPN, MN) represent minor components of the total odd nitrogen budget at the site. In free tropospheric samples, PAN, PPN, and MN constituted average percentages of 7%, <1%, and 2% of total odd nitrogen. In more tropical air masses, MN could constitute as much as 10% of total odd nitrogen. A photochemical model is used to investigate the sensitivity of free tropospheric PAN to local precursor concentrations. The observed mixing ratios of PAN are also contrasted with measurements made at continental surface sites and during aircraft programs. C1 UNIV COLORADO, NOAA, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. UNIV RHODE ISL, GRAD SCH OCEANOG, CTR ATMOSPHER CHEM STUDIES, NARRAGANSETT, RI 02882 USA. NOAA, AIR RESOURCES LAB, GEOPHYS MONITORING CLIMAT CHANGE, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NOAA, MAUNA LOA OBSERV, GEOPHYS MONITORING CLIMAT CHANGE, HILO, HI 96720 USA. RP WALEGA, JG (reprint author), NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, DIV ATMOSPHER CHEM, POB 3000, BOULDER, CO 80307 USA. RI Madronich, Sasha/D-3284-2015 OI Madronich, Sasha/0000-0003-0983-1313 NR 57 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 30 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D10 BP 10311 EP 10330 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JC361 UT WOS:A1992JC36100003 ER PT J AU ATLAS, E SCHAUFFLER, SM MERRILL, JT HAHN, CJ RIDLEY, B WALEGA, J GREENBERG, J HEIDT, L ZIMMERMAN, P AF ATLAS, E SCHAUFFLER, SM MERRILL, JT HAHN, CJ RIDLEY, B WALEGA, J GREENBERG, J HEIDT, L ZIMMERMAN, P TI ALKYL NITRATE AND SELECTED HALOCARBON MEASUREMENTS AT MAUNA-LOA-OBSERVATORY, HAWAII SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SIMULATED ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS; CONTINENTAL UNITED-STATES; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; PEROXYACETYL NITRATE; ORGANIC NITRATES; REACTIVE NITROGEN; EASTERN PACIFIC; BOUNDARY-LAYER; NORTH PACIFIC; C2-C5 HYDROCARBONS AB Measurements of greater-than-or-equal-to C3 alkyl nitrates, perchlorethylene, and bromoform were made during the Mauna Loa Observatory Photochemistry Experiment (MLOPEX). The median mixing ratios of these compounds in free tropospheric air (3.4 km) were 2.3, 3.2, and .20 pptv, respectively. A diurnal variation in the concentration of these compound at Mauna Loa was driven by the local upslope/downslope circulation and by differences in the concentration of these species between the boundary layer and the free troposphere. Longer tem variation was closely related to synoptic-scale circulation of the North Pacific and to differences in the sources of air masses reaching Hawaii. Alkyl nitrates and their hydrocarbon precursors were present in nearly constant proportions during the experiment. This suggested the possibility that nitrate:hydrocarbon ratios may be determined near source regions and remain steady during long-range transport. Reasonable correlation was observed also between alkyl nitrates and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), but a more complex relationship was found between methyl and higher alkyl nitrates. In general, greater-than-or-equal-to C3 alkyl nitrates were a significant component of the organic nitrate reservoir at Mauna Loa. However, greater-than-or-equal-to C3 alkyl nitrates only accounted for <2% of total NO(y). This evidence suggests that simple alkyl nitrates are not the source of "missing" odd nitrogen in the remote atmosphere. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST, DEPT OCEANOG, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843 USA. UNIV RHODE ISL, CTR ATMOSPHER CHEM STUDIES, NARRAGANSETT, RI 02882 USA. UNIV COLORADO, NOAA, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP ATLAS, E (reprint author), NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, DIV ATMOSPHER CHEM, BOULDER, CO 80307 USA. RI Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015 NR 67 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 30 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D10 BP 10331 EP 10348 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JC361 UT WOS:A1992JC36100004 ER PT J AU CARROLL, MA RIDLEY, BA MONTZKA, DD HUBLER, G WALEGA, JG NORTON, RB HUEBERT, BJ GRAHEK, FE AF CARROLL, MA RIDLEY, BA MONTZKA, DD HUBLER, G WALEGA, JG NORTON, RB HUEBERT, BJ GRAHEK, FE TI MEASUREMENTS OF NITRIC-OXIDE AND NITROGEN-DIOXIDE DURING THE MAUNA-LOA-OBSERVATORY PHOTOCHEMISTRY EXPERIMENT SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; AIRCRAFT MEASUREMENTS; EASTERN PACIFIC; BOUNDARY-LAYER; UNITED-STATES; NIWOT-RIDGE; NO-CHI; OCEAN; REDUCTION AB NO and NO2 were simultaneously measured by photolytic conversion / chemiluminescence techniques during the Mauna Loa Observatory Photochemistry Experiment (MLOPEX). The field site, located at an elevation of 3.4 km on the north side of the Mauna Loa Volcano, was subject to two airflow regimes which typically corresponded to upslope (marine boundary layer plus island sources) conditions during the day and downslope (middle free tropospheric) conditions at night to mid-morning. Median values of NO(x) (NO(x) = NO + NO2) were 37 and 31 pptv during upslope and downslope conditions, respectively, with the downslope measurements consistent with previous measurements made from aircraft in the middle free troposphere over the North Pacific. Although the difference in median NO(x) mixing ratios in the upslope and downslope regimes is small, the influence of island sources of NO(x) is apparent. Indeed, the median upslope values were approximately 2.5 times greater than measurements made previously in the remote marine boundary layer. The data have been examined according to downslope / free tropospheric and upslope air flow regimes for relationships between NO(x) and the various species that were measured simultaneously (e.g., peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), HNO3, NO(y) O3, CO, and hydrocarbons). While positive correlations between NO(x) and O3 and PAN were typically observed in free tropospheric air, these correlations were considerably weaker than those observed during previous campaigns. This is likely primarily due to the lower sampling altitude during the MLOPEX study. NO(x) and dew point temperature were weakly anticorrelated in free tropospheric air masses. Linear correlations between NO, and the peroxides, formaldehyde, alkyl nitrates, and hydrocarbons were also weak in the free tropospheric air masses at the MLO. NO(x)/NO(y) was typically on the order of 0.1-0.2 in free tropospheric flow. Considerably higher values of NO(x)/NO(y) were occasionally observed under upslope conditions. The NO(x)/NO(y) and HNO3/NO(x) values obtained under downslope conditions were similar to those previously obtained during aircraft measurements in the middle free troposphere over the northeast Pacific. On the whole, the downslope air masses sampled appear to be characteristic of well-aged, marine free tropospheric air, and this conclusion is supported by 10-day trajectory analyses. C1 NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, DIV ATMOSHER CHEM, BOULDER, CO 80307 USA. UNIV RHODE ISL, GRAD SCH OCEANOG, CTR ATMOSPHER CHEM, NARRAGANSETT, RI 02882 USA. UNIV COLORADO, NOAA, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP CARROLL, MA (reprint author), NOAA, AERON LAB, R-E-AL6, 325 S BROADWAY, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RI Hubler, Gerhard/E-9780-2010 NR 42 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 30 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D10 BP 10361 EP 10374 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JC361 UT WOS:A1992JC36100006 ER PT J AU RIDLEY, BA MADRONICH, S CHATFIELD, RB WALEGA, JG SHETTER, RE CARROLL, MA MONTZKA, DD AF RIDLEY, BA MADRONICH, S CHATFIELD, RB WALEGA, JG SHETTER, RE CARROLL, MA MONTZKA, DD TI MEASUREMENTS AND MODEL SIMULATIONS OF THE PHOTOSTATIONARY STATE DURING THE MAUNA-LOA-OBSERVATORY PHOTOCHEMISTRY EXPERIMENT - IMPLICATIONS FOR RADICAL CONCENTRATIONS AND OZONE PRODUCTION AND LOSS RATES SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-OXIDE; AIRCRAFT PROGRAM; EASTERN PACIFIC; UNITED-STATES; NO-CHI; OCEAN; ACID; AIR; OH AB Simultaneous measurements of [NO2], [NO], [O3], and the NO2 photo-dissociation rate coefficient, J2, were made during a one-month field study in the spring of 1988 at Mauna Loa, Hawaii, and were used to evaluate the photostationary state ratio, phi = J2[NO2]/k1[NO][O3]. Over 5600 measurements were made for clear sky conditions, allowing a detailed comparison with photochemical theory. Values of phi determined from the observations were consistently higher than unity, approaching 2.0 for high sun, and indicated peroxy radical mixing ratios near 60 pptv. High sun values of phi were independent of NO(x) (NO + NO2), but correlated well with ozone and water vapor through the expression phi-1 = (0.11 +/- 0.21) + (1.59 +/- 0.64) x 10(-3) x ([H2O]/[O3])1/2. A photochemical box model is shown to give good agreement with the values of phi, the peroxy radical concentrations, and the correlations with physical and chemical environmental variables determined from the observations. The rate of photochemical production of ozone was estimated from measurements of phi, and the rate of photochemical ozone destruction was estimated from the box model. For free tropospheric air samples characteristic of altitudes near 3.4 km, the 24-hour average net ozone production rate is shown to be -0.5 ppbv/d (net ozone destruction), and is determined primarily by photolytic destruction. C1 NOAA, AERON LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. UNIV COLORADO, NOAA, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP RIDLEY, BA (reprint author), NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, DIV ATMOSPHER CHEM, POB 3000, BOULDER, CO 80307 USA. RI Madronich, Sasha/D-3284-2015 OI Madronich, Sasha/0000-0003-0983-1313 NR 42 TC 123 Z9 124 U1 5 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 30 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D10 BP 10375 EP 10388 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JC361 UT WOS:A1992JC36100007 ER PT J AU NORTON, RB AF NORTON, RB TI MEASUREMENTS OF GAS-PHASE FORMIC AND ACETIC-ACIDS AT THE MAUNA-LOA, OBSERVATORY, HAWAII DURING THE MAUNA-LOA OBSERVATORY PHOTOCHEMISTRY EXPERIMENT 1988 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC ACIDITY; REMOTE AREAS; PRECIPITATION; TROPOSPHERE; ATMOSPHERE; EMISSIONS; CHEMISTRY; ANGELES; WORLD AB The concentrations of gas phase formic acid (HCOOH) and acetic acid (CH3COOH) were measured at the Mauna Loa, Observatory, Hawaii during the first three weeks (May 1-21, 1988) of the Mauna Loa Observatory Photochemistry Experiment (MLOPEX). Daytime values were determined mostly during upslope conditions and represent marine boundary layer air modified by contact with the island of Hawaii. Mean values were 452 and 374 pptv for HCOOH and CH3COOH, respectively. Nighttime values were determined mostly during downslope conditions and represent air in the free troposphere near 3400 m above sea level. Mean values were 63 and 94 pptv for HCOOH and CH3COOH, respectively. Aerosol formate and acetate concentration were one to two orders of magnitude less than the gas phase concentration and ranged from less than a few pptv to nearly 50 pptv. RP NORTON, RB (reprint author), NOAA, AERON LAB, 325 BROADWAY, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NR 25 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 30 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D10 BP 10389 EP 10393 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JC361 UT WOS:A1992JC36100008 ER PT J AU NORTON, RB CARROLL, MA MONTZKA, DD HUBLER, G HUEBERT, BJ LEE, G WARREN, WW RIDLEY, BA WALEGA, JG AF NORTON, RB CARROLL, MA MONTZKA, DD HUBLER, G HUEBERT, BJ LEE, G WARREN, WW RIDLEY, BA WALEGA, JG TI MEASUREMENTS OF NITRIC-ACID AND AEROSOL NITRATE AT THE MAUNA-LOA-OBSERVATORY DURING THE MAUNA-LOA-OBSERVATORY PHOTOCHEMISTRY EXPERIMENT 1988 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC PARTICULATE NITRATE; CONTINENTAL UNITED-STATES; PACIFIC-OCEAN; PEROXYACETYL NITRATE; ORGANIC NITRATES; FREE TROPOSPHERE; EASTERN PACIFIC; NIWOT RIDGE; COLORADO; HAWAII AB Ambient air concentrations of nitric acid vapor and aerosol nitrate were measured above the remote North Pacific between May 1 and June 5, 1988, during the Mauna Loa Observatory Photochemistry Experiment (MLOPEX). Nighttime (free tropospheric) mean values were 30 pptv nitrate aerosol and 103 pptv nitric acid. Daytime values, representative of island-modified marine boundary layer air, averaged 60 pptv aerosol and 130 pptv nitric acid. The measurements were generally consistent with previous measurements in the remote North Pacific including free tropospheric measurements of nitric acid during NASA's Global Tropospheric Experiment/Chemical Instrumentation Test and Evaluation (GTE/CITE 2). MLOPEX observations are smaller than model HNO3/NO(x) ratios. However, the magnitude of this discrepancy is obscured by uncertainties, mainly in the model OH concentration and nitric acid photolysis rates. Nonetheless, large observed variations in the HNO3/NO(x) ratio likely indicate significant loss of nitric acid, at least part of the time, by some process in addition to vapor phase photolysis and destruction by OH. Several processes are considered, but no firm conclusion is reached. C1 UNIV RHODE ISL, GRAD SCH OCEANOG, CTR ATMOSPHER CHEM STUDIES, NARRAGANSETT, RI 02882 USA. NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, BOULDER, CO 80307 USA. UNIV COLORADO, NOAA, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP NORTON, RB (reprint author), NOAA, AERON LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RI Hubler, Gerhard/E-9780-2010 NR 37 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 30 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D10 BP 10415 EP 10425 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JC361 UT WOS:A1992JC36100010 ER PT J AU HUBLER, G MONTZKA, DD NORTON, RB MURPHY, PC FEHSENFELD, FC LIU, SC RIDLEY, BA WALEGA, JG ATLAS, E GRAHEK, FE HEIDT, LE MERRILL, J HUEBERT, BJ BODHAINE, BA AF HUBLER, G MONTZKA, DD NORTON, RB MURPHY, PC FEHSENFELD, FC LIU, SC RIDLEY, BA WALEGA, JG ATLAS, E GRAHEK, FE HEIDT, LE MERRILL, J HUEBERT, BJ BODHAINE, BA TI TOTAL REACTIVE OXIDIZED NITROGEN (NOY) IN THE REMOTE PACIFIC TROPOSPHERE AND ITS CORRELATION WITH O3 AND CO - MAUNA-LOA-OBSERVATORY PHOTOCHEMISTRY EXPERIMENT 1988 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID PEROXYACETYL NITRATE PAN; CARBON-MONOXIDE; ODD-NITROGEN; NITRIC-ACID; OZONE DISTRIBUTIONS; INSITU MEASUREMENTS; EASTERN PACIFIC; UNITED-STATES; NIWOT RIDGE; ATMOSPHERE AB As part of the Mauna Loa Observatory Photochemistry Experiment (MLOPEX) total reactive oxidized nitrogen (NO(y)) was measured during May and early June of 1988 at the Mauna Loa Observatory, the NOAA-Geophysical Monitoring for Climatic Change Baseline Monitoring Station, located at 3.4-km elevation on the island of Hawaii. Gold catalytic surface conversion of individual reactive oxidized nitrogen species to NO and subsequent quantification of the NO by NO/O3 chemiluminescence was used to measure the NO(y) mixing ratio. The NO(y) abundance at the site was governed by the local downslope/upslope wind systems as well as synoptic-scale transport. With some exceptions, downslope wind brought air representative of the free troposphere, while upslope winds transported air from below the trade wind inversion to the site. The upslope air masses could be a mix of marine boundary layer air and free tropospheric air modified by arthropogenic and natural emissions from island sources. It was possible to identify free tropospheric air in the downslope flow through meteorological and chemical tracers. Reflecting the remote location, low NO(y) mixing ratios with median values of 262 and 239 pptv were found in free tropospheric and upslope air masses, respectively. The median NO(y) levels in free tropospheric air are consistent with airborne NO(y) measurements made during NASA's Global Tropospheric Experiment/Chemical Instrumentation Test and Evaluation (CITE 2) program over the northeastern Pacific Ocean at corresponding altitudes. The median NO(y) values in upslope flow are significantly higher than those measured in the remote marine boundary layer during CITE 2, reflecting probably the influence of island source and/or mixing of free tropospheric air with boundary layer air. The low correlation found between NO(y) and tracers of anthropogenic sources, such as carbon monoxide, tetrachloroethylene, and n-propyl nitrate, in free tropospheric air samples is consistent with a stratospheric or upper tropospheric source for NO(y). Simultaneous particulate nitrate (NO3-) measurements suggest that at times not all aerosol NO3-was quantitatively converted to NO by the Au-surface converter technique. These episodes were usually found during upslope flow and were characterized by high sodium concentrations, suggesting that possibly the sodium nitrate contained in these aerosols was not converted efficiently by the Au converter. C1 NOAA, CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. UNIV COLORADO, NOAA, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, DIV ATMOSPHER CHEM, BOULDER, CO 80307 USA. UNIV RHODE ISL, GRAD SCH OCEANOG, NARRAGANSETT, RI 02882 USA. RP HUBLER, G (reprint author), NOAA, AERON LAB, 325 BROADWAY, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RI Hubler, Gerhard/E-9780-2010; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015 NR 58 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 30 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D10 BP 10427 EP 10447 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JC361 UT WOS:A1992JC36100011 ER PT J AU ATLAS, EL RIDLEY, BA HUBLER, G WALEGA, JG CARROLL, MA MONTZKA, DD HUEBERT, BJ NORTON, RB GRAHEK, FE SCHAUFFLER, S AF ATLAS, EL RIDLEY, BA HUBLER, G WALEGA, JG CARROLL, MA MONTZKA, DD HUEBERT, BJ NORTON, RB GRAHEK, FE SCHAUFFLER, S TI PARTITIONING AND BUDGET OF NOY SPECIES DURING THE MAUNA-LOA-OBSERVATORY PHOTOCHEMISTRY EXPERIMENT SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CONTINENTAL UNITED-STATES; ODD-NITROGEN NOY; NITRIC-ACID; REACTIVE NITROGEN; ORGANIC NITRATES; EASTERN PACIFIC; PEROXYACETYL NITRATE; AIRCRAFT PROGRAM; NIWOT RIDGE; TROPOSPHERE AB During the Mauna Loa Observatory Photochemistry Experiment (MLOPEX), measurements were made of total odd nitrogen (NO(y)) and the known individual daytime odd-nitrogen species. The individual species measured were NO, NO2, HNO3, particulate NO3-, peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), peroxypropionyl nitrate (PPN), methyl nitrate, and >C3 alkyl nitrates. The most abundant component of NO(y) was nitric acid; its median contribution to NO(y) in free tropospheric samples was 43%. The large fraction of HNO3 is consistent with the long transport times and photochemical processing of air masses reaching the mid-Pacific site as well as possible stratospheric input of NO(y). The median contribution of NO(x) to NO(y) in the free troposphere near 3.4 km was almost-equal-to 14%. PAN and other measured organic nitrates contributed < 7% to NO(y). The median sum of the individually measured species was 102% of NO(y) in upslope periods which consist of a mixture of island-modified marine boundary layer and free tropospheric air. This total was 75% of NO(y) during downslope periods representative of the free troposphere. This shortfall in the odd-nitrogen budget in die free troposphere corresponds to 72 pptv of reactive nitrogen, which is over 2 times median NO(x). The NO(y) shortfall and the composition of NO(y) appeared to have a regular variation in the free troposphere during the experiment which was related to air mass origin, recycling of odd nitrogen, and loss processes during transport. The presence of an odd-nitrogen deficit in the remote free troposphere suggests that our understanding of the NO(y) system is incomplete. Unidentified odd-nitrogen species, such as organic nitrates, may be present, but sampling limitations and analytical uncertainties in NO(y) and individual (NO(y))i measurements still restrict our ability to accurately define an NO(y) budget, especially in remote regions. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST, DEPT OCEANOG, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843 USA. UNIV COLORADO, NOAA, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, AERON LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. UNIV RHODE ISL, GRAD SCH OCEANOG, CTR ATMOSPHER CHEM STUDIES, NARRAGANSETT, RI 02882 USA. RP ATLAS, EL (reprint author), NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, DIV ATMOSPHER RES, POB 3000, BOULDER, CO 80307 USA. RI Hubler, Gerhard/E-9780-2010; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015 NR 38 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 30 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D10 BP 10449 EP 10462 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JC361 UT WOS:A1992JC36100012 ER PT J AU LIU, SC TRAINER, M CARROLL, MA HUBLER, G MONTZKA, DD NORTON, RB RIDLEY, BA WALEGA, JG ATLAS, EL HEIKES, BG HUEBERT, BJ WARREN, W AF LIU, SC TRAINER, M CARROLL, MA HUBLER, G MONTZKA, DD NORTON, RB RIDLEY, BA WALEGA, JG ATLAS, EL HEIKES, BG HUEBERT, BJ WARREN, W TI A STUDY OF THE PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND OZONE BUDGET DURING THE MAUNA-LOA-OBSERVATORY PHOTOCHEMISTRY EXPERIMENT SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CONTINENTAL UNITED-STATES; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; PACIFIC-OCEAN; EASTERN PACIFIC; NITRIC-OXIDE; AIRCRAFT MEASUREMENTS; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; BOUNDARY-LAYER; NORTH PACIFIC; FORMALDEHYDE AB Extensive measurements of trace species and parameters that are important to the photochemical production and loss of ozone have been made at Mauna Loa during the Mauna Loa Observatory Photochemistry Experiment experiment. These measurements are used as inputs as well as constraints in a model study of the photochemical budgets of ozone and five other trace species (CH2O, CH3OOH, H2O2, NO, and NO(x)) that are closely coupled to the photochemical production and loss of ozone. The study shows that there are significant discrepancies in the photochemical budgets of these trace species in this region and suggests that some important uncertainties exist in our understanding of the odd hydrogen photochemical processes. C1 UNIV COLORADO, NOAA, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, DIV ATMOSPHER CHEM, BOULDER, CO 80307 USA. UNIV RHODE ISL, GRAD SCH OCEANOG, CTR ATMOSPHER CHEM STUDIES, NARRAGANSETT, RI 02882 USA. RP LIU, SC (reprint author), NOAA, AERON LAB, 325 BROADWAY, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RI Hubler, Gerhard/E-9780-2010; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015 NR 59 TC 118 Z9 120 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 30 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D10 BP 10463 EP 10471 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JC361 UT WOS:A1992JC36100013 ER PT J AU BOSTED, PE ANDIVAHIS, L LUNG, A STUART, LM ALSTER, J ARNOLD, RG CHANG, CC DIETRICH, FS DODGE, W GEARHART, R GOMEZ, J GRIFFIOEN, KA HICKS, RS HYDEWRIGHT, CE KEPPEL, C KUHN, SE LICHTENSTADT, J MISKIMEN, RA PETERSON, GA PETRATOS, GG ROCK, SE ROKNI, S SAKUMOTO, WK SPENGOS, M SWARTZ, K SZALATA, Z TAO, LH AF BOSTED, PE ANDIVAHIS, L LUNG, A STUART, LM ALSTER, J ARNOLD, RG CHANG, CC DIETRICH, FS DODGE, W GEARHART, R GOMEZ, J GRIFFIOEN, KA HICKS, RS HYDEWRIGHT, CE KEPPEL, C KUHN, SE LICHTENSTADT, J MISKIMEN, RA PETERSON, GA PETRATOS, GG ROCK, SE ROKNI, S SAKUMOTO, WK SPENGOS, M SWARTZ, K SZALATA, Z TAO, LH TI MEASUREMENTS OF THE ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FORM-FACTORS OF THE PROTON FROM Q(2)=1.75 TO 8.83 (GEV/C)(2) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LARGE-MOMENTUM-TRANSFER; EXCLUSIVE PROCESSES; QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; SCALING LAWS; SCATTERING; NUCLEON AB The proton elastic electric and magnetic form factors, G(Ep)(Q2) and G(Mp)(Q2), have been separately measured in the range Q2=1.75 to 8.83 (GeV/c)2, More than doubling the Q2 range of previous data. Scaled by the dipole fit, G(D)(Q2), the results for G(Mp)(Q2)/mu(p)G(D)(Q2) decrease smoothly from 1.05 to 0.91, while G(Ep)(Q2)/G(D)(Q2) is consistent with unity. Comparisons are made to QCD sum rule, di-quark, constituent quark, and vector meson dominance models, none of which agree with all of the new data. The ratio Q2F2/F1 approaches a constant value for Q2 > 3 (GeV/c)2. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DAVIS,CA 95616. CONTINUOUS ELECTRON BEAM ACCELERATOR FACIL,NEWPORT NEWS,VA 23606. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. UNIV MARYLAND,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,AMHERST,MA 01003. STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD,CA 94305. STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94305. UNIV ROCHESTER,ROCHESTER,NY 14627. UNIV PENN,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. TEL AVIV UNIV,IL-69978 TEL AVIV,ISRAEL. UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP BOSTED, PE (reprint author), AMERICAN UNIV,WASHINGTON,DC 20016, USA. NR 24 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 29 PY 1992 VL 68 IS 26 BP 3841 EP 3844 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.68.3841 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA JA760 UT WOS:A1992JA76000006 ER PT J AU GIUSTISUZOR, A MIES, FH AF GIUSTISUZOR, A MIES, FH TI VIBRATIONAL TRAPPING AND SUPPRESSION OF DISSOCIATION IN INTENSE LASER FIELDS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTO-DISSOCIATION; IONIZATION AB We calculate the dissociation of H-2+ in intense short pulsed laser fields for a variety of wavelengths and a wide range of initial vibrational states (upsilon=0-14). While the low-upsilon levels achieve 100% dissociation in the leading edge of the pulse, for high-upsilon there is an onset of stabilization, and significant [(5-50)%] population remains in bound vibrational states throughout the entire pulse. The dissociation is incomplete, and a coherent distribution of excited vibrational states is formed. This survival effect can be attributed to the trapping of portions of the initial vibrational wave packet in transient laser-induced potential wells. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV PARIS 11,PHOTOPHYS MOLEC LAB,F-91405 ORSAY,FRANCE. NR 16 TC 153 Z9 153 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 29 PY 1992 VL 68 IS 26 BP 3869 EP 3872 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.68.3869 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA JA760 UT WOS:A1992JA76000013 ER PT J AU TEUBNER, PJO SCHOLTEN, RE AF TEUBNER, PJO SCHOLTEN, RE TI COHERENCE, EXCHANGE AND SUPERELASTIC ELECTRON-SCATTERING FROM SODIUM SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Letter ID EXCITATION; IMPACT; ORIENTATION; TRANSITIONS; COLLISIONS; ALIGNMENT; NA AB A series of superelastic scattering experiments have been carried out on optically pumped sodium atoms in the 3(2)P3/2 state. The total polarization P+ has been observed at electron energies of 12.1 eV and 22.1 eV referred to the ground state, over a wide range of electron scattering angles. The connections between this parameter, the coherence of the excitation process, and exchange are discussed. Significant departures from P+ = 1 are observed. A qualitative explanation of this phenomenon is described which provides some insight into the collision process. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTRON & OPT PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP TEUBNER, PJO (reprint author), FLINDERS UNIV,SCH PHYS SCI,GPO BOX 2100,ADELAIDE,SA 5001,AUSTRALIA. RI Scholten, Robert/A-8586-2013 OI Scholten, Robert/0000-0002-2337-8036 NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD JUN 28 PY 1992 VL 25 IS 12 BP L301 EP L306 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/25/12/005 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA JC817 UT WOS:A1992JC81700005 ER PT J AU GREENE, GL AF GREENE, GL TI ULTRA-COLD NEUTRONS - GOLUB,R, RICHARDSON,DJ, LAMOREAUX,SK SO SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review RP GREENE, GL (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20889, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 26 PY 1992 VL 256 IS 5065 BP 1836 EP 1836 DI 10.1126/science.256.5065.1836 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JA434 UT WOS:A1992JA43400042 PM 17743038 ER PT J AU RUSSELL, TP MILLER, PJ PIERMARINI, GJ BLOCK, S AF RUSSELL, TP MILLER, PJ PIERMARINI, GJ BLOCK, S TI HIGH-PRESSURE PHASE-TRANSITION IN GAMMA-HEXANITROHEXAAZAISOWURTZITANE SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CELL AB A high-pressure phase transition in gamma-hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) has been described at 0.7 +/- 0.05 GPa and room temperature. The new high-pressure Polymorph, zeta-HNIW, was observed in a diamond anvil high-pressure cell with (1) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), (2) energy-dispersive X-ray powder diffraction (EDXD), and (3) polarized light microscopy. The gamma-zeta transformation is rapid and reversible in single crystals in a hydrostatic pressure transmitting medium (1:1 n-pentane:isopentane) and can be detected by a sharp, well-defined change in birefringence with polarized light. MR spectra and EDXD data have been obtained for both the zeta and gamma-phases as a function of pressure. The new high-pressure zeta-polymorph could not be retrieved to ambient conditions. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP RUSSELL, TP (reprint author), USN,CTR SURF WARFARE,WHITE OAK,MD 20903, USA. NR 10 TC 41 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD JUN 25 PY 1992 VL 96 IS 13 BP 5509 EP 5512 DI 10.1021/j100192a060 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA JB264 UT WOS:A1992JB26400060 ER PT J AU GOODWIN, ARH MORRISON, G AF GOODWIN, ARH MORRISON, G TI MEASUREMENT OF THE DIPOLE-MOMENT OF GASEOUS 1,1,1-TRICHLOROTRIFLUOROETHANE, 1,2-DIFLUOROETHANE, 1,1,2-TRICHLOROTRIFLUOROETHANE, AND 2-(DIFLUOROMETHOXY)-1,1,1-TRIFLUOROETHANE SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GAS ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; CONFORMERS; FLUORINE; LIQUID AB The relative permittivity (dielectric constant) in gaseous 1,1,1-trichlorotrifluoroethane, 1,2-difluoroethane, 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane, and 2-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,1-trifluoroethane at temperatures between 293 and 378 K has been obtained from capacitance measurements using a parallel plate capacitor. Molecular polarizabilities have been determined from the results. We report the electronic polarization for each fluid determined from liquid-phase index of refraction measurements at 297 K. Equilibrium dipole moments (mu) have been determined from the combined results. Estimates are given for the dipole moment of individual conformers where the dipole moment is temperature dependent. 1,2-Difluoroethane, for which d-mu/dT < 0, exhibits the gauche effect; the temperature dependence of mu for 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane is similar. We also report liquid densities for 1,1,1-trichlorotrifluoroethane and 1,2-difluoroethane. RP GOODWIN, ARH (reprint author), NBS,DIV THERMOPHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD JUN 25 PY 1992 VL 96 IS 13 BP 5521 EP 5526 DI 10.1021/j100192a062 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA JB264 UT WOS:A1992JB26400062 ER PT J AU SANTORE, MM HAN, CC MCKENNA, GB AF SANTORE, MM HAN, CC MCKENNA, GB TI A COMPARISON OF THE THERMODYNAMIC STABILITY AND PHASE-SEPARATION KINETICS OF POLYMER BLENDS CONTAINING CYCLIC CHAINS OF HIGH-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES; SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION; RING POLYSTYRENES; TEMPERATURE; VISCOSITY; DYNAMICS; MELT AB Two blends of polystyrene (PS, 240K molecular weight) and poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME, 171K) were compared, where one blend contained exclusively linear chains and the second contained cyclic PS. The PS/PVME system has been well-studied in the past and is known to exhibit a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) and a critical point near 80% PVME/20% PS when the components exceed 10(5) in molecular weight. The cloud point measurements reported here show that over a broad composition range, the cycle-containing blend phase separates at temperatures approximately 7-degrees-C above the cloud point temperatures of the exclusively linear blend. The critical composition does not shift appreciably in the cycle-containing blend. Time-resolved light scattering studies were used to probe the phase separation kinetics near the critical composition following temperature jumps into the unstable region. Analysis of the intensity growth via Cahn-Hilliard-Cook theory for early stage spinodal decomposition yielded an apparent mutual diffusion coefficient. When this mutual diffusion coefficient was combined with an estimate for the second derivative of the free energy with respect to composition, it was possible to calculate the mobilities of the cyclic and linear polystyrenes in the PVME. While the diffusion coefficients in the two blends were nearly the same when the systems were compared at identical temperature increments above their respective spinodal temperatures, the PS cycles appeared to be less mobile than their linear analogs in linear PVME matrices. Our data cannot be compared directly with other diffusion and rheological studies of cycles in the literature, but our results appear consistent with some of the published trends. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI McKenna, Gregory/O-1134-2013 OI McKenna, Gregory/0000-0002-5676-9930 NR 22 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUN 22 PY 1992 VL 25 IS 13 BP 3416 EP 3423 DI 10.1021/ma00039a017 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA JA603 UT WOS:A1992JA60300017 ER PT J AU BUR, AJ LOWRY, RE ROTH, SC THOMAS, CL WANG, FW AF BUR, AJ LOWRY, RE ROTH, SC THOMAS, CL WANG, FW TI FLUORESCENCE ANISOTROPY MEASUREMENTS ON A POLYMER MELT AS A FUNCTION OF APPLIED SHEAR-STRESS SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID UNIAXIAL LIQUID-CRYSTALS; POLARIZED FLUORESCENCE; CHAIN DYNAMICS; ORIENTATION; DEPOLARIZATION; POLYISOPRENE; DECAY; POLYSTYRENE; RELAXATION; MOBILITY AB Polybutadiene tagged with anthracene was synthesized and used as a fluorescent molecular probe to study shear-induced orientation in a matrix polymer melt. With the tagged polybutadiene doped into a polybutadiene matrix at 0.1 % concentration, steady-state fluorescence anisotropy measurements were carried out under zero shear and under finite shear conditions using an optically instrumented cone and plate rheometer. Measurements were made over a shear rate range for which the specimen displayed non-Newtonian behavior, 2.64 X 10(-3) to 5.3 s-1. Anisotropy was observed to decrease with increasing applied shear stress. The magnitude of the effect is small and is attributed to shear-induced orientation of the probe molecule which is engaged in the entanglement network of the host polymer. Diluting the entanglement network using plasticizer produced a smaller effect. For polybutadiene plasticized with 50 % cetane, we observed that anisotropy was independent of the applied shear stress, indicating that the probe molecule was not participating in the orientation of the matrix entanglement network. A relationship between anisotropy, chromophore relaxation time, and orientation factors was derived and used to deduce an orientation distribution of fluorescent absorption dipoles and to illustrate the difference between shear and extension stress observations. Extension experiments, carried out using a cross-linked polybutadiene specimen, showed that anisotropy increased as a function of applied extensional stress. RP BUR, AJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 27 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUN 22 PY 1992 VL 25 IS 13 BP 3503 EP 3510 DI 10.1021/ma00039a031 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA JA603 UT WOS:A1992JA60300031 ER PT J AU ELKHADEM, HS SHALABY, MA COXON, B FATIADI, AJ AF ELKHADEM, HS SHALABY, MA COXON, B FATIADI, AJ TI REACTIONS OF SQUARIC ACID WITH PHENYLHYDRAZINE - STRUCTURE AND NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY OF CYCLOBUTANETETRAONE POLY(PHENYLHYDRAZONES) SO JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY-PERKIN TRANSACTIONS 1 LA English DT Article ID QUADRATIC ACID; REARRANGEMENT; NMR; 1,4-BENZOQUINONES; DEOXYFRENOLICIN; NANAOMYCIN AB The reaction of squaric acid 1 with phenylhydrazine affords three cyclobutanetetraone poly(phenylhydrazones), viz. a tetrakis(phenylhydrazone) 3, a tris(phenylhydrazone) 4a half arrow left over half arrow right 4b and a 1,3-bis (phenylhydrazone) 5. The structure of these compounds has been determined by IR, MS and H-1 and C-13 NMR spectroscopy, including 2D COSY, and H-1-detected, single- and multiple-bond 2D carbon-proton chemical-shift-correlation techniques. Chemical methods were also used to elucidate the structure of bis(phenylhydrazone) 5, including its synthesis and that of its N-methyl-N-phenyl and N,N-diphenyl analogues 8 and 9 from cyclobutanetetraone, and the preparation of a quinoxaline 7 to establish the 1,3-arrangement of substituents. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP ELKHADEM, HS (reprint author), AMERICAN UNIV,DEPT CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20016, USA. NR 56 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4WF SN 0300-922X J9 J CHEM SOC PERK T 1 JI J. Chem. Soc.-Perkin Trans. 1 PD JUN 21 PY 1992 IS 12 BP 1511 EP 1517 DI 10.1039/p19920001511 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA JA345 UT WOS:A1992JA34500012 ER PT J AU HUBLER, G FAHEY, DW RIDLEY, BA GREGORY, GL FEHSENFELD, FC AF HUBLER, G FAHEY, DW RIDLEY, BA GREGORY, GL FEHSENFELD, FC TI AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS OF TOTAL REACTIVE ODD NITROGEN (NOY) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID PEROXYACETYL NITRATE PAN; FREE TROPOSPHERE; PARTICULATE NITRATE; OZONE PRODUCTION; EASTERN PACIFIC; BOUNDARY-LAYER; UNITED-STATES; NITRIC-OXIDE; DISTRIBUTIONS; STRATOSPHERE AB Airborne total reactive odd nitrogen measurements were made during August and September 1986 over the continental United States and off the west coast over the Pacific Ocean during NASAs Global Tropospheric Experiment/Chemical Instrumentation Test and Evaluation 2 program. The NOy instrument combined a catalytic surface converter which reduced NOy component species to NO on a heated Au surface with a NO/O3 chemiluminescence detector. Measurements were made in the marine and continental boundary layer and the free troposphere up to 6.1 km altitude. NOy mixing ratios between 24 pptv and more than 1 ppbv were found, with median values of 101 pptv in the marine boundary layer, 298 pptv in the marine free troposphere, and 288 pptv in the continental free troposphere, respectively. The marine troposphere exhibited layered structure which was also seen in die simultaneously measured ozone mixing ratio and dew point temperature. The averaged vertical NOy profile over the ocean does not show a distinct gradient. The NOy mixing ratio over the continent decreases with increasing altitude. The latter is consistent with our understanding that the continents are the major source region for these gases. C1 NASA, LANGLEY RES CTR, DIV ATMOSPHER SCI, HAMPTON, VA 23665 USA. NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, DIV ATMOSPHER CHEM, BOULDER, CO 80307 USA. RP HUBLER, G (reprint author), NOAA, AERON LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RI Hubler, Gerhard/E-9780-2010; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013 OI Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634 NR 45 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 20 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D9 BP 9833 EP 9850 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JA769 UT WOS:A1992JA76900006 ER PT J AU BATES, TS CALHOUN, JA QUINN, PK AF BATES, TS CALHOUN, JA QUINN, PK TI VARIATIONS IN THE METHANESULFONATE TO SULFATE MOLAR RATIO IN SUBMICROMETER MARINE AEROSOL-PARTICLES OVER THE SOUTH-PACIFIC OCEAN SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SEA-SALT SULFATE; BIOGENIC SULFUR-COMPOUNDS; DIMETHYL SULFIDE; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; ATMOSPHERE; MECHANISM; ACID; OH; PHOTOOXIDATION AB Seawater concentrations of dimethylsulfide (DMS) and atmospheric concentrations of DMS, sulfur dioxide, methanesulfonate (MSA), and non-sea-salt (nss) sulfate were measured over the eastern Pacific Ocean between 105-degrees and 110-degrees-W from 20-degrees-N to 60-degrees-S during February and March 1989. Although the samples collected in the southern hemisphere appear to be of marine origin, no significant correlation was found between the latitudinal distributions of DMS, SO2, MSA, and nss SO4=. However, an inverse correlation (r2 = 0.87) was found between atmospheric temperature and the MSA to nss SO4= molar ratio in submicrometer aerosol particles with a decrease in temperature corresponding to an increase in the molar ratio. Although this trend is consistent with laboratory results indicating the favored production of MSA at lower temperatures, it is contrary to southern hemisphere baseline station data. This suggests either a decrease in the supply of DMS relative to nonmarine sources of nss SO4= at the baseline stations in winter or additional mechanisms that affect the relative production of MSA and nss SO4=. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON, JOINT INST STUDY ATMOSPHERE & OCEAN, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. RP BATES, TS (reprint author), NOAA, PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB, 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE, BLDG 3, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA. RI Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 NR 37 TC 166 Z9 168 U1 4 U2 27 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 20 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D9 BP 9859 EP 9865 DI 10.1029/92JD00411 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JA769 UT WOS:A1992JA76900008 ER PT J AU ZHANG, X MARTIRE, DE CHRISTENSEN, RG AF ZHANG, X MARTIRE, DE CHRISTENSEN, RG TI CHARACTERIZATION OF A SUPERCRITICAL FLUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC RETENTION PROCESS WITH A LARGE PRESSURE-DROP BY THE TEMPORAL AVERAGE DENSITY SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID UNIFIED THEORY; MOBILE PHASES; LIQUID; GAS AB The characterization of supercritical fluid chromatographic retention by different forms of the average density, viz., the temporal average density, the spatial average density and the arithmetic average density, is investigated in a system with appreciable pressure drop along the column. The logarithm of the capacity factor, when described in terms of the temporal average density, is independent of the pressure drop. Hence, supercritical fluid chromatographic retention processes can be characterized and represented by a hypothetical zero-pressure-drop system at a density equal to the temporal average density of the real system. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ORGAN ANALYT RES,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP ZHANG, X (reprint author), GEORGETOWN UNIV,DEPT CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20057, USA. NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD JUN 19 PY 1992 VL 603 IS 1-2 BP 193 EP 203 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(92)85361-V PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA JB262 UT WOS:A1992JB26200022 ER PT J AU HAIR, DW HOBBIE, EK NAKATANI, AI HAN, CC AF HAIR, DW HOBBIE, EK NAKATANI, AI HAN, CC TI DEVIATION FROM MEAN-FIELD BEHAVIOR IN A LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT CRITICAL POLYMER BLEND SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POLYSTYRENE; MIXTURE AB A deviation from mean-field behavior is observed in the static susceptibility and correlation length measured with small angle neutron scattering as a function of temperature near the phase boundary of a relatively low molecular weight critical polymer mixture. The possibility of a fluctuation influenced crossover from mean-field to nonmean-field behavior is considered. RP NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, MAT SCI & ENGN LAB, DIV POLYMERS, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RI Hobbie, Erik/C-8269-2013 NR 17 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 1992 VL 96 IS 12 BP 9133 EP 9137 DI 10.1063/1.462222 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA HZ098 UT WOS:A1992HZ09800054 ER PT J AU SERREZE, MC MASLANIK, JA REHDER, MC SCHNELL, RC KAHL, JD ANDREAS, EL AF SERREZE, MC MASLANIK, JA REHDER, MC SCHNELL, RC KAHL, JD ANDREAS, EL TI THEORETICAL HEIGHTS OF BUOYANT CONVECTION ABOVE OPEN LEADS IN THE WINTER ARCTIC PACK ICE COVER SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID HEAT-FLUX; SEA-ICE; POLYNYAS; COEFFICIENTS; TEMPERATURE; ENVIRONMENT; ENTRAINMENT AB A fetch-dependent boundary-layer model, driven by observed temperature sounding data, is used to examine theoretical heights of buoyant convection (H) above open leads in the wintertime pack ice of the central Arctic. Assuming wet adiabatic ascent with no entrainment or friction, H is estimated as the height at which the model-predicted equivalent potential temperature at saturation above a lead (theta(el)) intersects with the same value of equivalent potential temperature st saturation (theta(e)) derived from vertical sounding profiles. H increases with increasing lead width. For a 1000-m lead, the widest which can be reasonably expected for the central Arctic, the median value of H is approximately 1000 m, slightly below the median top of the low-level Arctic temperature inversion layer. While H shows large variability, events of convection up to 4 km, as recently observed from lidar backscatter data, appears to be fairly rare. First, these events require an open lead of at least 10,000 m. Second, while H tends to be largest under conditions of low surface wind speed, low surface temperature, and a weak low-level temperature inversion, this combination appears to be atypical of Arctic conditions. Third, while the meteorological conditions that should favor the development of open leads tend to minimize H, conditions favoring large H are also those in which any newly developed leads will quickly ice over. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT GEOSCI,MILWAUKEE,WI 53211. USA,COLD REG RES & ENGN LAB,HANOVER,NH 03755. RP SERREZE, MC (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,DIV CRYOSPHER & POLAR PROC,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 38 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUN 15 PY 1992 VL 97 IS C6 BP 9411 EP 9422 DI 10.1029/92JC00688 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA JA086 UT WOS:A1992JA08600004 ER PT J AU SCHUMACHER, JD REED, RK AF SCHUMACHER, JD REED, RK TI CHARACTERISTICS OF CURRENTS OVER THE CONTINENTAL-SLOPE OF THE EASTERN BERING SEA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SHELF BREAK; CIRCULATION; VORTICITY; FRONT AB Between September 1989 and 1990, twenty-six current records were collected by instruments on eight moorings located in Pribilof and Zhemchug canyons, and at a site midway between these features. These records provide the first long-term Eulerian measurements from the slope and mid-slope of the eastern Bering Sea. Results from the current records, together with water property observations, permit a characterization of the Bering Slope Current. Moderate flow (approximately 2 to 18 = s-1) followed the bathymetry toward the northwest and existed primarily in the upper 300 m. Wind and current energy increased in winter, but vector mean current did not increase at all sites. Wind forcing accounted for only a small fraction of the current fluctuations. At one mid-slope location in Pribilof Canyon, bathymetry resulted in rectification of the strong daily tidal current. Estimates of heat and salt fluxes indicate some significant shoreward transport; however, this flux did not occur preferentially in the canyons. RP SCHUMACHER, JD (reprint author), NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,DIV COASTAL & ARCTIC RES,BLDG 3,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 24 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUN 15 PY 1992 VL 97 IS C6 BP 9423 EP 9433 DI 10.1029/92JC00512 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA JA086 UT WOS:A1992JA08600005 ER PT J AU BROCK, JC MCCLAIN, CR HAY, WW AF BROCK, JC MCCLAIN, CR HAY, WW TI A SOUTHWEST MONSOON HYDROGRAPHIC CLIMATOLOGY FOR THE NORTHWESTERN ARABIAN SEA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID OCEANOGRAPHY AB This paper provides a detailed hydrographic climatology for the shallow northwestern Arabian Sea prior to and during the southwest monsoon, presented as multiple-year composite vertical hydrographic sections based on National Oceanographic Data Center historical ocean station data. Temperature and salinity measurements are used to infer the water masses present in the upper 500 m. The hydrographic evolution depicted on bimonthly sections is inferred to result from wind-driven physical processes. In the northwestern Arabian Sea the water mass in the upper 50 m is the Arabian Sea Surface Water. Waters from 50 to 500 m are formed by mixing of Arabian Sea Surface Water with Antarctic and Indonesian intermediate waters. The inflow of Persian Gulf Water does not significantly influence the hydrography of the northwestern Arabian Sea along the Omani coast. Nitrate has a high inverse correlation with temperature and oxygen in the premonsoon thermocline in the depth interval 50-150 m. During the southwest monsoon, coastal upwelling off Oman and adjacent offshore upward Ekman pumping alter the shallow hydrography. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,OCEANS & ICE BRANCH,GREENBELT,MD 20771. NR 40 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUN 15 PY 1992 VL 97 IS C6 BP 9455 EP 9465 DI 10.1029/92JC00813 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA JA086 UT WOS:A1992JA08600007 ER PT J AU YOUNG, GS LEDVINA, DV FAIRALL, CW AF YOUNG, GS LEDVINA, DV FAIRALL, CW TI INFLUENCE OF PRECIPITATING CONVECTION ON THE SURFACE-ENERGY BUDGET OBSERVED DURING A TROPICAL OCEAN GLOBAL ATMOSPHERE PILOT CRUISE IN THE TROPICAL WESTERN PACIFIC-OCEAN SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; SUBCLOUD LAYER; SQUALL-LINE; SEA-SURFACE; DOWNDRAFTS; SYSTEM; HEAT; PARAMETERIZATION; TEMPERATURE AB A short-term observational study of the surface energy budget of the equatorial western Pacific Ocean was conducted in preparation for the Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere program Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE). Data were obtained between February 17 and March 10, 1990, during the TOGA pilot cruise of the R/V Wecoma near the equator and 147-degrees-E longitude. Analysis of the 443 hours of turbulent and radiative fluxes collected was focused on the influence of deep precipitating convection on the day-to-day variability of the surface energy budget. Partitioning the data series according to the degree of local convective activity allowed comparison of the surface energy budgets for various convective regimes. As was observed in the tropical Atlantic during the GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE), the surface fluxes of sensible and latent heat were larger during periods influenced by deep precipitating convection. Moreover, the mechanisms by which convection affected these fluxes were similar to those described in the tropical Atlantic. Variations in the shortwave radiation caused by convective clouds and their by-products were found to contribute even more than the surface fluxes to the day-to-day variability of the surface energy budget. It is concluded that the existence of convectively disturbed days had a significant impact on the surface energy budget for the entire cruise period as well as on the day-to-day variability within that period. C1 NOAA,WAVE PROPAGAT LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP YOUNG, GS (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT METEOROL,UNIV PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 35 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUN 15 PY 1992 VL 97 IS C6 BP 9595 EP 9603 DI 10.1029/92JC00689 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA JA086 UT WOS:A1992JA08600016 ER PT J AU XU, Q AF XU, Q TI AGEOSTROPHIC PSEUDOVORTICITY AND GEOSTROPHIC C-VECTOR FORCING - A NEW LOOK AT THE Q-VECTOR IN 3 DIMENSIONS SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CIRCULATIONS AB By combining the two Q-vector component equations with the third quasigeostrophic (QG) diagnostic equation (the vertical ageostrophic vorticity equation) a complete set of QG diagnostic equations is formed in a three-dimensional vector form with the ageostrophic pseudovorticity vector on the left-hand side and a newly defined geostrophic forcing vector (the C vector) on the right-hand side. The horizontal projection of the C vector is a rotated Q vector (by 90-degrees to the right). The vertical C-vector component is proportional to the Gaussian curvature of the geopotential surface of constant pressure. Since C-vector streamlines can be viewed as ageostrophic pseudovortex lines, ageostrophic circulations can be easily inferred through three-dimensional "vorticity thinking," which considers both the boundary effect and moist processes. The C vector is interpreted physically in terms of generation of Coriolis force curl and buoyancy curl due to the geostrophic advection alone. The basic techniques and possible merits of C-vector analyses are explored with simple examples. The C-vector concept is shown to be useful not only for qualitative analyses but also for quantitative computations of three-dimensional ageostrophic circulations. In particular, the pseudorotational part of the ageostrophic wind can be obtained from a convolution integral of the Green's function and C vector. C1 NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,NORMAN,OK 73069. RP XU, Q (reprint author), UNIV OKLAHOMA,COOPERAT INST MESOSCALE METEOROL,100 E BOYD,RM 1110,NORMAN,OK 73019, USA. NR 18 TC 32 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUN 15 PY 1992 VL 49 IS 12 BP 981 EP 990 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1992)049<0981:APAGCV>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HZ217 UT WOS:A1992HZ21700001 ER PT J AU YOSHIHIRO, K VANDEGRIFT, CT CAGE, ME YU, DY AF YOSHIHIRO, K VANDEGRIFT, CT CAGE, ME YU, DY TI ANOMALOUS BEHAVIOR OF A QUANTIZED HALL PLATEAU IN A HIGH-MOBILITY SI METAL-OXIDE-SEMICONDUCTOR FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTOR SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; CURRENT CONTACTS; RESISTANCE; REGIME; BACKSCATTERING; PRECISION AB Measurements at 14 T and 340 mK of the quantized Hall resistance of the i = 4 plateau of a Si metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (Si-MOSFET) made with a precision of 0.005 ppm and an accuracy of 0.015 ppm revealed unexpected irregularities. Smooth variations of +/-0.04 ppm were observed across the plateau even though the Si-MOSFET had a mobility of 1.2 m2/Vs and a diagonal resistivity less than 0.002 ppm of the plateau resistivity. Furthermore, measurements over a period of several months indicated that the plateau shape is metastable. A variety of possible causes for these phenomena are discussed, but none provides a satisfactory explanation. C1 ELECTROTECH LAB,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 305,JAPAN. RP YOSHIHIRO, K (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 15 PY 1992 VL 45 IS 24 BP 14204 EP 14214 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.45.14204 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA JA212 UT WOS:A1992JA21200043 ER PT J AU ROMAN, EL DESEGOVIA, JL KURTZ, RL STOCKBAUER, R MADEY, TE AF ROMAN, EL DESEGOVIA, JL KURTZ, RL STOCKBAUER, R MADEY, TE TI UPS SYNCHROTRON RADIATION STUDIES OF NH3 ADSORPTION ON TIO2(110) SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ANGULAR-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; AMMONIA ADSORPTION; ION DESORPTION; SURFACE; NI(110); CHEMISORPTION; SPECTROSCOPY; OXYGEN; H2O; PHOTOELECTRON AB The interaction of NH3 With perfect and defective TiO2(110) surfaces at 300 and 185 K has been studied using synchrotron radiation photoemission. To increase the sensitivity to Ti3+ states, the Ti p-d resonance at an incident photon energy of 47 eV has been used. Ammonia adsorbs mainly molecularly at low coverages at 300 K, with some amounts of NH2 and OH radicals. Upon annealling to high T both desorption and dissociation occurs, A maximum work function variation of -0.57 and -0.38 eV has been found for the perfect and defective surfaces, respectively. No significant differences in the electronic structure between adsorption at the two temperatures have been found, except for a higher coverage on the perfect surface. C1 NIST,DIV SURFACE & MICROANAL SCI,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20894. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. RUTGERS STATE UNIV,SURFACE MODIFICAT LAB,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08855. RUTGERS STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08855. RP ROMAN, EL (reprint author), CSIC,INST CIENCIA MAT,FIS SUPERFICIES LAB,SERRANO 144,E-28006 MADRID,SPAIN. NR 32 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD JUN 15 PY 1992 VL 273 IS 1-2 BP 40 EP 46 DI 10.1016/0039-6028(92)90274-A PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA JA640 UT WOS:A1992JA64000017 ER PT J AU UTTER, RG BURKHOLDER, JB HOWARD, CJ RAVISHANKARA, AR AF UTTER, RG BURKHOLDER, JB HOWARD, CJ RAVISHANKARA, AR TI MEASUREMENT OF THE MASS ACCOMMODATION COEFFICIENT OF OZONE ON AQUEOUS SURFACES SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SULFUR-DIOXIDE; WATER; CLOUD; OXIDATION; DROPLETS; SO2; SOLUBILITY; KINETICS AB A wetted wall tubular flow reactor was used to measure the reaction probability of ozone with water surfaces. The apparatus and procedure for analyzing the data are described. Use of liquid-phase ozone scavengers, Na2SO3, Na2S2O3, and SnCl2, allowed estimation of the true mass accommodation coefficient for ozone on water to be greater than 2 x 10(-3) at 276 K. This result leads to,the conclusion that the uptake of atmospheric ozone by water droplets is not limited by the mass accommodation coefficient. The rate coefficients for the reactions of ozone with the above three scavengers were also estimated. C1 NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,AERON LAB,R-E-AL2,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RI Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011 NR 25 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD JUN 11 PY 1992 VL 96 IS 12 BP 4973 EP 4979 DI 10.1021/j100191a045 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA HY322 UT WOS:A1992HY32200045 ER PT J AU HANSON, DR BURKHOLDER, JB HOWARD, CJ RAVISHANKARA, AR AF HANSON, DR BURKHOLDER, JB HOWARD, CJ RAVISHANKARA, AR TI MEASUREMENT OF OH AND HO2 RADICAL UPTAKE COEFFICIENTS ON WATER AND SULFURIC-ACID SURFACES SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HETEROGENEOUS ATMOSPHERIC REACTIONS; MASS ACCOMMODATION; DIPOLE-MOMENT; KINETICS; TUBES AB A wetted wall flow tube reactor was used to measure the uptake coefficients, gamma, of OH and HO2 on pure water at 275 K and 28% w/w sulfuric acid at 249 K. The uptake coefficients are lower limits to the mass accommodation coefficients, alpha, and they were determined to be 0.0035 for OH and >0.01 for HO2 on liquid water and >0.08 for OH and >0.05 for HO2 on the sulfuric acid solution. In addition, the binary diffusion coefficients for HO2 and OH in water vapor were estimated to be 79 +/- 8 and 116 +/- 20 Torr cm2 s-1, respectively, at 275 K. The determination of uptake coefficients using wetted wall flow tube reactors is described including the effect upon gamma of gas-phase diffusion, solvation, and reaction within the liquid. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP HANSON, DR (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,AERON LAB,R-F-AL2,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011 NR 37 TC 165 Z9 166 U1 0 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD JUN 11 PY 1992 VL 96 IS 12 BP 4979 EP 4985 DI 10.1021/j100191a046 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA HY322 UT WOS:A1992HY32200046 ER PT J AU ASFAW, LM BILHAM, R JACKSON, M MOHR, P AF ASFAW, LM BILHAM, R JACKSON, M MOHR, P TI RECENT INACTIVITY IN AFRICAN RIFT SO NATURE LA English DT Letter C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV GALWAY,DEPT GEOL SCI,GALWAY,IRELAND. RP ASFAW, LM (reprint author), UNIV ADDIS ABABA,GEOPHYS OBSERV,ADDIS ABABA,ETHIOPIA. OI Bilham, Roger/0000-0002-5547-4102 NR 7 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUN 11 PY 1992 VL 357 IS 6378 BP 447 EP 447 DI 10.1038/357447a0 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA HY052 UT WOS:A1992HY05200035 ER PT J AU CONLEY, JF LENAHAN, PM ROITMAN, P AF CONLEY, JF LENAHAN, PM ROITMAN, P TI ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE OF SEPARATION BY IMPLANTED OXYGEN OXIDES - EVIDENCE FOR STRUCTURAL-CHANGE AND A DEEP ELECTRON TRAP SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HOLE AB We present direct evidence for deep electron traps and structural changes in separation by implanted oxygen (SIMOX) buried oxides and evidence that some positively charged E' centers are compensated by negatively charged centers in SIMOX oxides. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD. RP CONLEY, JF (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,UNIV PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 13 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 8 PY 1992 VL 60 IS 23 BP 2889 EP 2891 DI 10.1063/1.106809 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA HX466 UT WOS:A1992HX46600023 ER PT J AU GARMER, DR KRAUSS, M AF GARMER, DR KRAUSS, M TI COBALT SPECTROSCOPY AND THE STRUCTURE OF THE ACTIVE-SITE OF CARBONIC-ANHYDRASE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Theoretical models of divalent cobalt bound to the active site of the enzyme, carbonic anhydrase, are constructed to study the effect of the first-shell geometry and coordination number on the experimentally observed visible spectra. Favorable comparisons of the ab initio calculations of the hexa-aquo complex of Co(II) with experimental results provides a test of the method. The d-d spectra variation with pH in the enzyme is found to be determined by the first-shell complex geometry as obtained from energy optimization. The low pH complex is predicted to be predominantly five-coordinate with two waters in the first-shell, whereas the high pH complex is predominantly four-coordinate. Equilibria between the four- and five-coordinate structures at low pH is not indicated by the calculation. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP GARMER, DR (reprint author), MT SINAI MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10029, USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0020-7608 J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD JUN 5 PY 1992 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1469 EP 1477 DI 10.1002/qua.560420521 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA HP605 UT WOS:A1992HP60500022 ER PT J AU CHEN, H DOWNING, RG MILDNER, DFR GIBSON, WM KUMAKHOV, MA PONOMAREV, IY GUBAREV, MV AF CHEN, H DOWNING, RG MILDNER, DFR GIBSON, WM KUMAKHOV, MA PONOMAREV, IY GUBAREV, MV TI GUIDING AND FOCUSING NEUTRON BEAMS USING CAPILLARY OPTICS SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID X-RAY OPTICS AB A METHOD for focusing X-rays by means of internal reflection inside hollow glass capillaries 1-3 has also been shown to be capable of guiding a neutron beam 4, and now a neutron lens using this principle has been demonstrated 5,6. Here we study the properties of multiple capillary fibre bundles by measuring the transmission efficiency as a function of bending radius. The fibres used are shown to bend a neutron beam through 20-degrees in a distance of 130 mm, with a transmission of 50%. A simple device made of a few fibres is used to demonstrate the focusing of cold neutrons (wavelength 0.2-0.9 nm) down to a 1-mm2 spot size. These investigations will form the basis for the design of a neutron lens for use in materials research, or a beam bender capable of dividing and directing a neutron beam towards several experimental stations. C1 SUNY ALBANY,DEPT PHYS,CTR XRAY OPT,ALBANY,NY 12222. MOSCOW ROENTGEN OPT SYST INST,WORLD LAB,MOSCOW 123182,USSR. IV KURCHATOV ATOM ENERGY INST,MOSCOW 123182,USSR. RP CHEN, H (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 12 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 6 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUN 4 PY 1992 VL 357 IS 6377 BP 391 EP 393 DI 10.1038/357391a0 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA HX172 UT WOS:A1992HX17200057 ER PT J AU ANNE, A HAPIOT, P MOIROUX, J NETA, P SAVEANT, JM AF ANNE, A HAPIOT, P MOIROUX, J NETA, P SAVEANT, JM TI DYNAMICS OF PROTON-TRANSFER FROM CATION RADICALS - KINETIC AND THERMODYNAMIC ACIDITIES OF CATION RADICALS OF NADH ANALOGS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-TRANSFER; CARBON ACIDS; REDOX POTENTIALS; RATE CONSTANTS; DEPROTONATION; ACETONITRILE; DISPROPORTIONATION; EQUILIBRIUM; ABSTRACTION; SOLVATION AB Combined application of direct electrochemistry, redox catalysis, and laser flash photolysis has allowed the determination of the deprotonation rate constants of the cation radicals of four synthetic analogues of NADH by an extended series of bases. When sterically encumbered bases are avoided, the diffusion limit is reached in all cases at the upper edge of the driving force range. The intrinsic kinetic acidities, derived from the fitting of the rate data with a quadratic activation-driving force relationship, show no correlation with the thermodynamic acidities. They correlate with the homolytic bond dissociation energies of the +.C-H bond suggesting that the proton transfer from the cation radicals is better viewed as a concerted electron-H atom transfer rather than a stricto sensu proton transfer. Application of the dissociative electron-transfer theory shows that the homolytic bond dissociation energy is the main factor governing the reaction dynamics. Previous rate data from the literature pertaining to other cation radicals show the same trends. C1 UNIV PARIS 07,CNRS,URA 438,ELECTROCHIM MOLEC LAB,2 PL JUSSIEU,F-75251 PARIS 05,FRANCE. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 68 TC 104 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUN 3 PY 1992 VL 114 IS 12 BP 4694 EP 4701 DI 10.1021/ja00038a036 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HX815 UT WOS:A1992HX81500036 ER PT J AU KILLEEN, TL NARDI, B PURCELL, PN ROBLE, RG FULLERROWELL, TJ REES, D AF KILLEEN, TL NARDI, B PURCELL, PN ROBLE, RG FULLERROWELL, TJ REES, D TI NEUTRAL WINDS IN THE LOWER THERMOSPHERE FROM DYNAMICS EXPLORER-2 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FABRY-PEROT-INTERFEROMETER; SASKATOON 52-DEGREES-N; 107-DEGREES-W; LATITUDES AB Doppler line profile measurements of the OI lambda-557.7 nm "green line" emission, made by the Fabry-Perot interferometer on Dynamics Explorer 2, have provided altitude profiles of the meridional component of the lower-thermospheric neutral wind. The wind inversion technique of Nardi [1991] has been used to extract the neutral wind profiles from the line-of-sight measurements. Individual lambda-557.7 nm Doppler line profiles and inverted volume-emission-rate and neutral-wind profiles are presented. Neutral wind measurements from the approximately 120 km altitude level, obtained on multiple orbital passes over the summer hemisphere polar region, have been merged to produce a synthesized averaged "vector" wind field in geomagnetic coordinates. The wind pattern exhibits a region of anticyclonic vorticity in the daytime sector of the magnetic polar cap. Averaged winds of approximately 300 m/sec in the equatorial direction are observed in the early morning sector. The satellite winds are in reasonable agreement with the predictions of the NCAR and UCL thermosphere general circulation models, with significant regional discrepancies evident in both magnitude and direction. C1 NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, HIGH ALTITUDE OBSERV, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. UNIV COLORADO, NOAA, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, SPACE ENVIRONMENT LAB, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. UCL, ATMOSPHER PHYS LAB, LONDON W1P 6PP, ENGLAND. RP KILLEEN, TL (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN, DEPT ATMOSPHER OCEAN & SPACE SCI, SPACE PHYS RES LAB, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA. NR 18 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 2 PY 1992 VL 19 IS 11 BP 1093 EP 1096 DI 10.1029/92GL01023 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA HX652 UT WOS:A1992HX65200007 ER PT J AU LAUENSTEIN, GG DOLVIN, SS AF LAUENSTEIN, GG DOLVIN, SS TI MOLLUSK MONITORING OF UNITED-STATES COASTAL AND ESTUARINE ENVIRONMENTS SO ANALUSIS LA English DT Article ID MUSSEL; MYTILUS; WATCH AB In 1986 the United States Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) instituted the nation's third Mussel Watch Project. The project is designed to monitor the spatial distribution and temporal trends of concentrations of trace elements and organic chemicals in the coastal and estuarine environment. RP LAUENSTEIN, GG (reprint author), NOAA,DIV COASTAL MONITORING & BIOEFFECTS ASSESSMENT,NOAA-ORCA21,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0365-4877 J9 ANALUSIS JI Analusis PD JUN-JUL PY 1992 VL 20 IS 6 BP M23 EP M26 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA JF830 UT WOS:A1992JF83000003 ER PT J AU WISE, SA SCHANTZ, MM PARRIS, RM REBBERT, RE BENNER, BA GILLS, TE AF WISE, SA SCHANTZ, MM PARRIS, RM REBBERT, RE BENNER, BA GILLS, TE TI STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS FOR TRACE ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS IN THE MARINE-ENVIRONMENT SO ANALUSIS LA English DT Article ID CONSTITUENTS AB Natural matrix standard reference materials (SRMs), such as sediment, mussels, fish oil and whale blubber, have been developed to assist in validating the numerous analytical measurements of organic contaminants in the marine environment. RP WISE, SA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,DIV ORGAN ANALYT RES,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0365-4877 J9 ANALUSIS JI Analusis PD JUN-JUL PY 1992 VL 20 IS 6 BP M57 EP M61 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA JF830 UT WOS:A1992JF83000011 ER PT J AU IYENGAR, V AF IYENGAR, V TI EMERGING CONCEPTS IN BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY OF TRACE-ELEMENTS SO ANALYTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT JOINT AND SATELLITE KITAMI CONF OF THE 1991 INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON ANALYTICAL SCIENCES ( ICAS 91 ) CY SEP 02-04, 1991 CL KITAMI, JAPAN SP INT UNION PURE & APPL CHEM DE BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH; BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION; ANALYTICAL STANDARDIZATION; MULTIDISCIPLINAL APPROACH; PRESERVATION; STORAGE; PRESAMPLING FACTOR; POSTMORTEM CHANGE; INTERNAL CONTAMINATION ID BOTANICAL REFERENCE MATERIALS AB The emerging discipline of Biological Trace Element Research (BTER) demands that adequate considerations be given to both biological and analytical standardization while planning an investigation. Unfortunately, the "bio" dimension of the analytical problem in the BTER area, has been rather slow in unfolding. This lack of appreciation has been a major setback since the early days of BTER, delaying the onset of multidisciplinary approaches that are vital for conceiving meaningful investigations. The presampling factors e.g., biological variations, environmental influences, post-mortem changes and intrinsic (e.g. differences in residence times of various elements in the blood stream) and inadvertent situations (e.g. medico-legal restrictions), are potential sources of serious errors, and require careful evaluation and data interpretation, Yet, these are poorly identified and currently, very little effort is expended to evaluate them. Concerning analytical standardization, progress in technical aspects of sampling are preparation, instrumentation, calibration procedures, increased awareness of matrix interferences and preparation of primary standards have collectively contributed to several improvements. However, information on long-term storage (several years) and its impact on the validity of the stored biomaterial, and experimental findings on the quantitative recovery of biominerals during acid decomposition of different types of sample matrices are still scarce. RP IYENGAR, V (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,INT HUMAN NUTR PROJECT,BLDG 235,RM B125,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPAN SOC ANALYTICAL CHEM PI TOKYO PA 26-2 NISHIGOTANDA 1 CHOME SHINAGAWA-KU, TOKYO 141, JAPAN SN 0910-6340 J9 ANAL SCI JI Anal. Sci. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 8 IS 3 BP 399 EP 404 DI 10.2116/analsci.8.399 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA HY446 UT WOS:A1992HY44600025 ER PT J AU GEIST, J LUTHER, JE NOVOTNY, DB VAHAKANGAS, J AF GEIST, J LUTHER, JE NOVOTNY, DB VAHAKANGAS, J TI SIMPLE, LOW-CONTRAST THERMAL-RESOLUTION TEST TARGET SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB An easily constructed thermal-resolution test target for low-contrast applications is described. RP GEIST, J (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Geist, Jon/D-5386-2013; OI Geist, Jon/0000-0001-7749-318X NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 1 PY 1992 VL 31 IS 16 BP 2978 EP 2980 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA HV954 UT WOS:A1992HV95400011 PM 20725239 ER PT J AU REIPA, V HORVATH, JJ AF REIPA, V HORVATH, JJ TI SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN-STUDY OF BENZYLPENICILLIN SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY; BENYLPENICILLIN; ADSORPTION; SILVER ELECTRODE ID SPECTROSCOPY; ANTIBIOTICS; PENICILLIN; BENZENE AB The surface-enhanced Raman spectra (SERS) of benzylpenicillin on electrochemically roughened Ag electrodes were investigated. Spectral assignments were carried out. Comparison with powder Raman spectra demonstrated that the benzene ring is in a vertical position relative to the surface. The molecule is bonded to the silver surface through the carboxylate group and the tertiary nitrogen of the beta-lactam ring, resulting in formation of a bidentate surface complex. Evidence of partial benzylpenicillin hydrolysis into 6-aminopenicillanic acid and phenylacetic acid on the surface of the electrode is presented. No indication of electrochemical reactions was observed in the potential range from -1.2 to +0.3 V. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 14 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 46 IS 6 BP 1009 EP 1013 DI 10.1366/0003702924124501 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA HZ915 UT WOS:A1992HZ91500020 ER PT J AU STERN, RA UCHIDA, Y WALTER, F VILHU, O HANNIKAINEN, D BROWN, A VEALE, A HAISCH, BM AF STERN, RA UCHIDA, Y WALTER, F VILHU, O HANNIKAINEN, D BROWN, A VEALE, A HAISCH, BM TI COORDINATED GINGA, IUE, AND VLA OBSERVATIONS OF STELLAR ACTIVITY IN SIGMA(2) CORONAE BOREALIS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BINARIES, CLOSE; RADIO CONTINUUM, STARS; STARS, CORONAE; STARS, INDIVIDUAL(SIGMA(2)CRB); ULTRAVIOLET, STARS; X-RAYS, STARS ID RS-CANUM-VENATICORUM; X-RAY-EMISSION; RADIO-EMISSION; QUIESCENT EMISSION; EXOSAT OBSERVATION; SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS; BINARY-SYSTEMS; CVN BINARIES; TIME-SERIES; AR LACERTAE AB We observed the active cool star binary system sigma(2) Corona Borealis with the Large Area Counters (LAC) on the Ginga X-ray satellite over 2.5 days, or approximately 2 orbital periods. Throughout the Ginga observation, sigma(2) CrB exhibited X-ray variability on time scales ranging from tens of minutes to hours. The LAC count rate was 4.2 +/- 1.2 counts s-1 (1.7-11.0 keV) corresponding to L(x) approximately 10(29.6) ergs s-1 (2-10 keV), depending upon the assumed source spectrum. The X-ray light curve shows evidence of flaring during the course of the observation. The summed X-ray pulse height spectrum from flaring events compared with similar spectra from quiescent periods indicates an increase in coronal temperature. Periodogram analysis of the entire X-ray light curve shows a possible periodicity at almost-equal-to 0-d-40-0-d-44, with no strong signal at the orbital period or 1/2 the orbital period. Coordinated multiwavelength observations with IUE and the VLA indicate both ultraviolet and microwave flaring during one X-ray outburst. The X-ray flare peak may have been missed due to an Earth occultation; however, it appears at least 10 times less energetic than the largest reported RS CVn flares. The quiescent microwave spectrum is not consistent with a thermal gyrosynchrotron process: nonthermal gyrosynchrotron radiation is the most likely emission process. Microwave emission during the flare rise phase peaks earlier at 20 cm than at 6 and 3.6 cm, suggesting free-free or self-absorption at longer wavelengths. The microwave spectral index (6-3.6 cm) changes noticeably during the course of the observation, first decreasing from a slightly negative or flat slope (alpha less-than-or-equal-to 0) to alpha almost-equal-to -2.5, then gradually increasing to alpha almost-equal-to + 1 during the flare rise. Thermal gyrosynchrotron or possibly thermal bremsstrahlung radiation may thus be contributing to the flare microwave spectrum. C1 UNIV HELSINKI,OBSERV & ASTROPHYS LAB,SF-00130 HELSINKI 13,FINLAND. UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV TOKYO,INST ASTRON,BUNKYO KU,TOKYO 113,JAPAN. SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT EARTH & SPACE SCI,ASTRON PROGRAM,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP STERN, RA (reprint author), LOCKHEED PALO ALTO RES LABS,O-91-30,BLDG 252,3251 HANOVER ST,PALO ALTO,CA 94304, USA. NR 59 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 1992 VL 391 IS 2 BP 760 EP 772 DI 10.1086/171386 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA HV512 UT WOS:A1992HV51200030 ER PT J AU MCHENRY, JN BINKOWSKI, FS DENNIS, RL CHANG, JS HOPKINS, D AF MCHENRY, JN BINKOWSKI, FS DENNIS, RL CHANG, JS HOPKINS, D TI THE TAGGED SPECIES ENGINEERING MODEL (TSEM) SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Article DE SULFUR; SULFATE; ACID DEPOSITION; REGIONAL MODELING; TAGGED SPECIES; SOURCE RECEPTOR; CONTROL STRATEGIES; NADAP; RADM; TSEM; SOURCE ATTRIBUTION ID MECHANISM; ACID AB The Tagged Species Engineering Model (TSEM), a three-dimensional Eulerian model, has been developed to examine source-receptor relationships and the response of sulfate deposition to hypothetical control strategies for sulfur dioxide source emissions. Archived output files from a comprehensive Eulerian model (the Regional Acid Deposition Model) are used to provide necessary input values of ozone, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl and hydroperoxy radicals, and other oxidants. Sulfur dioxide is then oxidized to sulfate by both gas-phase and aqueous-phase reactions. Results from comparisons of the simplified model with the comprehensive model show that TSEM represents sulfate deposition very well both for base case emissions and for a hypothetical 50% reduction in all sulfur-emitting sources. Source-receptor relationships are exhibited by means of tagged sulfur emissions, as illustrated in two examples. C1 NOAA,DIV ATMOSPHER SCI MODELING,MAIL DROP 80,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. US EPA,AIR RESOURCES LAB,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. COMP SCI CORP,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. SUNY ALBANY,ATMOSPHER SCI RES CTR,ALBANY,NY 12205. NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,ACID DEPOSIT MODELING PROJECT,BOULDER,CO 80307. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PD JUN PY 1992 VL 26 IS 8 BP 1427 EP 1443 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(92)90128-8 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HR206 UT WOS:A1992HR20600007 ER PT J AU GLENDENING, JW BURK, SD AF GLENDENING, JW BURK, SD TI TURBULENT TRANSPORT FROM AN ARCTIC LEAD - A LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; SEA ICE; CANADIAN ARCHIPELAGO; CLIMATE SENSITIVITY; HEAT-FLUX; MODEL; POLYNYAS AB The upward transfer of heat from ocean to atmosphere is examined for an Arctic "lead". a break in the Arctic ice which allows contact between the cold atmosphere and the relatively warm ocean. We employ a large-eddy model to compute explicitly the three-dimensional turbulent response of the atmosphere to a lead of 200 m width. The surface heat flux creates a turbulent "plume" of individual quasi-random eddies, not a continuous updraft. which penetrate into the stable atmosphere and transport heat upward. Maximum updraft velocities and turbulence occur downwind of the lead rather than over the lead itself, because the development time of an individual thermal eddy is longer than its transit time across the lead. The affected vertical region. while shallow over the lead itself, grows to a height of 65 m at 600 m downwind of the lead; beyond that. the depth of the turbulent region decreases as the eddies weaken. The maximum vertical turbulent heat flux occurs at the downwind edge of the lead. beyond which a relative maximum extends upward into the plume. Negative surface heat flux immediately downwind of the lead creates a growing stable layer. but above that internal boundary layer the turbulent heat flux is still positive. Updraft maxima are typically 28 cm/s, but compensating downdrafts result in time-averaged vertical velocities of less than 1 cm/s in the plume. Conditional sampling separates the updraft and downdraft contributions. Formulas for the horizontal eddy development distance and for the vertical plume penetration height are presented. The relative importance of mean and turbulent transport is compared for both vertical and horizontal heat transfer: turbulence dominates the vertical heat transport whereas mean advection dominates the horizontal transport, these offsetting transports producing a quasi-stationary state. C1 NOAA,RES LAB,ATMOSPHER DIRECTORATE,MONTEREY,CA. RP GLENDENING, JW (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT METEOROL,MONTEREY,CA 93940, USA. NR 18 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 59 IS 4 BP 315 EP 339 DI 10.1007/BF02215457 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JC113 UT WOS:A1992JC11300001 ER PT J AU REEK, T DOTY, SR OWEN, TW AF REEK, T DOTY, SR OWEN, TW TI A DETERMINISTIC APPROACH TO THE VALIDATION OF HISTORICAL DAILY TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION DATA FROM THE COOPERATIVE NETWORK SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB It is widely known that the TD3200 (Summary of the Day Cooperative Network) database held by the National Climatic Data Center contains tens of thousands of erroneous daily values resulting from data-entry, data-recording, and data-reformatting errors. TD3200 serves as a major baseline dataset for detecting global climate change. It is of paramount importance to the climate community that these data be as error-free as possible. Many of these errors are systematic in nature. If a deterministic approach is taken, using empirically developed criteria, many if not most of these errors can be corrected or removed. A computer program utilizing Backus Normal Form structure design and a series of chain-linked tests in the form of encoded rules has been developed as a means of modeling the human subjective process of inductive data review. This objective automated correction process has proven extremely effective. A manual review and validation of 138 stations of a 1300-station subset of TD3200 data closely matched the automated correction process. Applications of this technique are expected to be utilized in the production of a nearly error-free TD3200 dataset. RP REEK, T (reprint author), NOAA,NATL CLIMAT DATA CTR,ASHEVILLE,NC 28801, USA. NR 9 TC 80 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 73 IS 6 BP 753 EP 762 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1992)073<0753:ADATTV>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HZ588 UT WOS:A1992HZ58800001 ER PT J AU CERVENY, RS CALDERON, SM FRANJEVIC, MW HOFFMANN, NC AF CERVENY, RS CALDERON, SM FRANJEVIC, MW HOFFMANN, NC TI DEVELOPMENT OF A REAL-TIME INTERACTIVE STORM-MONITORING PROGRAM IN PHOENIX, ARIZONA SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The Arizona Thunderstorm Chase (AZTC) program, a cooperative project between the National Weather Service (NWS) in Phoenix and Arizona State University (ASU), uses trained ASU students as mobile observers with real-time communications ability to gather and transmit information concerning thunderstorm conditions within the Phoenix metropolitan area to NWS Phoenix. The AZTC program serves a variety of purposes, including: (a) rapid transmission of real-time observations of severe thunderstorm signatures, resulting in the issuance of more timely severe storm warnings; (b) more immediate assessment of damage patterns common to severe thunderstorms that could also lead to the issuance of severe storm warnings, or confirm the presence of a severe storm in a warned area, thereby aiding the warning verification process; (c) giving university students an innovative field experience in forecasting and measuring movement, intensity, and characteristics of monsoonal thunderstorms in Arizona; (d) collecting on-site research information on the phenomena associated with monsoonal thunderstorms via meteorological measurements and photography in cooperation with national projects; and (e) obtaining thunderstorm activity information and observer products for climatological archives and for interested media groups and the general public. C1 NATL WEATHER SERV,FORECAST OFF,PHOENIX,AZ. NATL WEATHER SERV,FORECAST OFF,REDWOOD CITY,CA. RP CERVENY, RS (reprint author), ARIZONA STATE UNIV,OFF CLIMATOL,TEMPE,AZ 85287, USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 73 IS 6 BP 773 EP 779 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1992)073<0773:DOARTI>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HZ588 UT WOS:A1992HZ58800003 ER PT J AU TIBBITS, GF KASHIHARA, H BRILL, RW AF TIBBITS, GF KASHIHARA, H BRILL, RW TI MYOCARDIAL SARCOLEMMA ISOLATED FROM SKIPJACK TUNA, KATSUWONUS-PELAMIS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SARCOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; CARDIAC-MUSCLE; CALCIUM-CHANNEL; CA-2+ TRANSPORT; RELEASE; CONTRACTILITY; ACTIVATION; INHIBITION; MODULATION; VESICLES AB The high cardiac outputs observed in tuna compared with other teleosts may imply differences in the regulation of myocardial contractility. Sarcolemma is a critical organelle in the teleost heart in the regulation of intracellular calcium concentration and hence contractility. A procedure is described for the isolation of large quantities of highly purified sarcolemma from the skipjack tuna heart by differential and sucrose-gradient centrifugation in the presence of multiple protease inhibitors. The preparation was characterized using the sarcolemma marker K+-stimulated p-nitrophenylphosphatase (K+pNPPase). From a starting ventricular wet weight of about 60 g, a yield of >20 mg sarcolemmal protein and a >43-fold purification over the crude homogenate were achieved. The percentage recovery of the total K+pNPPase in the sarcolemma fraction was greater than 14%. Both the purification index and recovery were substantially greater than those achieved with a much smaller scale sarcolemma preparation recently described for the trout heart. The equilibrium binding of the dihydropyridine PN200-110 and ryanodine were determined in these preparations. In purified sarcolemma, the dihydropyridine receptor binding density (B(max)) and dissociation constant (K(d)) were found to be 0.48 +/- 0.07 pmol . mg protein-1 and 0.09 nM respectively, similar to that found in mammals. In crude homogenates, the ryanodine receptor B(max) was approximately 0. 12 +/- 0.04 pmol . mg protein-1 and thus was a little more than half the value observed for the dihydropyridine receptor. The large-scale sarcolemma isolation procedure described in this paper for tuna may be useful for developing a better understanding of the role of the sarcolemma in the regulation of ventricular function in teleosts. C1 NOAA, NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, SW FISHERIES SCI CTR, HONOLULU LAB, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA. RP SIMON FRASER UNIV, SCH KINESIOL, CARDIAC MEMBRANE RES LAB, BURNABY V5A 1S6, BC, CANADA. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 EI 1480-3283 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1240 EP 1245 DI 10.1139/z92-171 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA JG563 UT WOS:A1992JG56300022 ER PT J AU KEEN, JE FARRELL, AP TIBBITS, GF BRILL, RW AF KEEN, JE FARRELL, AP TIBBITS, GF BRILL, RW TI CARDIAC PHYSIOLOGY IN TUNAS .2. EFFECT OF RYANODINE, CALCIUM, AND ADRENALINE ON FORCE FREQUENCY RELATIONSHIPS IN ATRIAL STRIPS FROM SKIPJACK TUNA, KATSUWONUS-PELAMIS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID SARCOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; RAINBOW-TROUT; MYOCARDIAL SARCOLEMMA; HEART VENTRICLE; TELEOST HEARTS; FROG-HEART; MUSCLE; FISH; CONTRACTION; RESPONSES AB Force - frequency relationships and the dependence upon extracellular calcium as a source of activator calcium were investigated using atrial strips from the skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis). At 25-degrees-C, active force generation increased over a stimulation range of 0.2 - 1.6 Hz and declined at higher stimulation frequencies. Ryanodine, a blocker of calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, decreased active force by approximately 30 % but did not alter the shape of the force - frequency curve. Uniform contractions were maintained up to stimulation rates of 3.0 Hz following ryanodine application, compared with 3.4 Hz under control conditions. Active force increased with increasing extracellular calcium concentration in a concentration-dependent manner with greatest sensitivity over the range of 1.0 - 5.0 mM calcium. Activation duration decreased with increasing extracellular calcium concentrations up to 5.0 mM and with increasing contraction frequency up to 1.0 Hz. Relaxation duration also was reduced with increasing extracellular calcium over a range of 0.5 - 4.0 mM, and over a stimulation range of 0.2 - 0.6 Hz. Adrenaline increased active force threefold over the range of 10(-8) to 10(-5) M, with an EC50 value of 4.90 +/- 0.57 x 10(-7) M. The EC50 value was not dependent upon stimulation frequency. These results indicate that contraction in the skipjack tuna atrium is partially dependent upon intracellular calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. In this manner, the tuna heart more closely resembles the mammalian model of excitation-contraction coupling than that suggested for other fishes in which activator calcium is almost exclusively derived from extracellular influx. C1 SIMON FRASER UNIV,CARDIAC MEMBRANE RES LAB,BURNABY V5A 1S6,BC,CANADA. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,HONOLULU LAB,HONOLULU,HI 96822. RP KEEN, JE (reprint author), SIMON FRASER UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,BURNABY V5A 1S6,BC,CANADA. NR 44 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1211 EP 1217 DI 10.1139/z92-168 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA JG563 UT WOS:A1992JG56300019 ER PT J AU MATHIEUCOSTELLO, O AGEY, PJ LOGEMANN, RB BRILL, RW HOCHACHKA, PW AF MATHIEUCOSTELLO, O AGEY, PJ LOGEMANN, RB BRILL, RW HOCHACHKA, PW TI CAPILLARY FIBER GEOMETRICAL RELATIONSHIPS IN TUNA RED MUSCLE SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID SKELETAL-MUSCLE; FINE-STRUCTURE; TELEOST FISH; VASCULARIZATION; ULTRASTRUCTURE; ANISOTROPY; PECTORALIS; VERTEBRATE; LENGTH; PIGEON AB The aim of this study was to examine the size and geometry of the capillary network in tuna red muscle, one of the most aerobic muscles in fish. Deep red muscle of 1.5- to 2-kg skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis, was perfusion fixed in situ, processed for electron microscopy, and analyzed by morphometry. Fiber cross-sectional area was 560 +/- 30 (SE)-mu-m2 in the samples. Capillary length per fiber volume was 4143 +/- 242 (SE) mm-2 and mitochondrial volume density 28.5 +/- 1.0 (SE) %. Indexes of capillarity such as average number of capillaries around a fiber, capillary length and surface per fiber volume, and capillary surface per fiber surface were high for a fish muscle. In fact, the size of the capillary - fiber interface (i.e., capillary to fiber surface) at a given mitochondrial volume per fiber was not significantly different in tuna red muscle compared with rat soleus muscle. However, calculation of mitochondrial respiratory rates in tuna red muscle yielded a substantially lower value (approximately 1/20th) compared with muscles of mammals. Besides the possible effect of differences in operating temperatures and (or) mitochondrial function(s) in fish compared with mammals, this suggests that the large capillary - fiber interface in tuna may be related to functions other than oxygen delivery per se, such as substrate and (or) heat transfer between capillaries and muscle fiber. C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,HONOLULU LAB,HONOLULU,HI 96822. UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,DEPT ZOOL,VANCOUVER V6T 2A9,BC,CANADA. RP MATHIEUCOSTELLO, O (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT MED,LA JOLLA,CA 92093, USA. NR 50 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1218 EP 1229 DI 10.1139/z92-169 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA JG563 UT WOS:A1992JG56300020 ER PT J AU ARTHUR, PG WEST, TG BRILL, RW SCHULTE, PM HOCHACHKA, PW AF ARTHUR, PG WEST, TG BRILL, RW SCHULTE, PM HOCHACHKA, PW TI RECOVERY METABOLISM OF SKIPJACK TUNA (KATSUWONUS-PELAMIS) WHITE MUSCLE - RAPID AND PARALLEL CHANGES IN LACTATE AND PHOSPHOCREATINE AFTER EXERCISE SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID INTRACELLULAR ACID-BASE; EXHAUSTIVE EXERCISE; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; RAINBOW-TROUT; GLYCOGEN-SYNTHESIS; PH; GLUCONEOGENESIS; SUBSTRATE; TRANSPORT; CAPACITY AB Lactate, glycogen, and high-energy phosphate levels were measured in serial biopsies from tuna white muscle during recovery from 15 min of enforced swimming. Exercise caused glycogen and phosphocreatine levels to decrease sharply and lactate concentration to increase markedly (up to 150-mu-mol . g-1). Lactate was cleared from white muscle in less than 90 min, at rates comparable to those seen in mammals (about 1.3-mu-mol . g-1 . min-1), and this was accompanied by nearly stoichiometric increases in white muscle glycogen (2 lactate : 1 glucosyl unit). The plasma lactate concentration remained elevated (35 - 40 mM) until lactate clearance from white muscle was completed, whereas the level of plasma glucose was constant (12 - 16 mM) for the entire 3-h recovery period. The exercise routine caused minimal changes in white muscle purine nucleotides apart from a slight, but significant, increase in IMP content. Transient changes in ATP appear to have resulted from short-term intense swimming activity noted during anesthetization. Unlike other teleosts, lactate clearance in tuna paralleled creatine rephosphorylation during recovery from exercise. We suggest that the postexercise adjustment of intracellular pH is responsible for this relationship. Lactate was seemingly metabolized within the white muscle mass, as indicated by in situ conservation of lactate carbon apparent from stiochiometric increases in white muscle glycogen levels. This prospect is discussed in view of low estimates of lactate utilization rates by other tissues and contrasted with expected high rates of whole-body lactate turnover during recovery. C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,HONOLULU LAB,HONOLULU,HI 96822. STANFORD UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,STANFORD,CA 94305. RP ARTHUR, PG (reprint author), UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,DEPT ZOOL,VANCOUVER V6T 2A9,BC,CANADA. OI Arthur, Peter/0000-0002-1257-8200; Schulte, Patricia/0000-0002-5237-8836 NR 45 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1230 EP 1239 DI 10.1139/z92-170 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA JG563 UT WOS:A1992JG56300021 ER PT J AU MOYES, CD MATHIEUCOSTELLO, OA BRILL, RW HOCHACHKA, PW AF MOYES, CD MATHIEUCOSTELLO, OA BRILL, RW HOCHACHKA, PW TI MITOCHONDRIAL METABOLISM OF CARDIAC AND SKELETAL-MUSCLES FROM A FAST (KATSUWONUS-PELAMIS) AND A SLOW (CYPRINUS-CARPIO) FISH SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID WHITE MUSCLE; ENERGY-METABOLISM; ENDURANCE EXERCISE; RESPIRATORY SYSTEM; LACTATE KINETICS; TUNA MUSCLES; RED; DESIGN; POWER; CAPACITY AB Tuna cardiac (atrium, compact and spongy ventricle) and skeletal muscle (red and white) were compared with carp tissues to determine the importance of mitochondrial differences in supporting the high aerobic capacities in tuna. Mitochondria isolated from red muscle of both species oxidized each of the physiological fuels at similar rates per milligram of mitochondrial protein, when differences in assay temperature are considered. The highest rate of oxygen consumption by ventricle mitochondria was 2 times greater in tuna than carp. The maximal oxidation rates were 3-4 times higher in ventricle than red muscle in both species. Tuna tissues had as much as 30 - 80 % more mitochondrial protein per gram of tissue than carp. Morphometrically this was manifested as extremely densely packed mitochondrial cristae, rather than increased mitochondrial volume densities. In general, higher aerobic capacities of tuna ventricle and red muscle are primarily attributable to greater tissue mass and, to a lesser extent, differences in the nature or quantity of mitochondria per gram of tissue. Unlike ventricle and red muscle, tissues with relatively low mitochondrial contents in carp (white muscle, atrium) demonstrated several-fold higher mitochondrial contents in tuna. Enzyme analyses of tissue and isolated mitochondria suggest a greater dependence of tuna tissues on fatty acids as fuels. Activities of carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT) per milligram of protein were 2 - 2.5 times higher in tuna red muscle and ventricle mitochondria than in carp mitochondria from the same tissues. Whole tissue activity ratios of hexokinase/CPT, which indicate the relative importance of glucose and fatty acid metabolism, were 5 times higher in carp spongy ventricle and 12 times higher in carp compact ventricle. These data suggest that muscle aerobic capacity can be increased at several levels: tissue mass, mitochondrial -volume density, cristae surface density, and mitochondrial specific activity. Large differences observed between carp and tuna muscles are due to cumulative effects of several of these factors. C1 UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,DEPT ZOOL,VANCOUVER V6T 2A9,BC,CANADA. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT MED,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,HONOLULU LAB,HONOLULU,HI 96822. NR 44 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 21 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1246 EP 1253 DI 10.1139/z92-172 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA JG563 UT WOS:A1992JG56300023 ER PT J AU BUCK, LT BRILL, RW HOCHACHKA, PW AF BUCK, LT BRILL, RW HOCHACHKA, PW TI GLUCONEOGENESIS IN HEPATOCYTES ISOLATED FROM THE SKIPJACK TUNA (KATSUWONUS-PELAMIS) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID FISHES AB Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) hepatocytes were isolated and determined to be viable based on trypan blue exclusion, energy charge, and lactate dehydrogenase leakage. Trypan blue staining and red blood cell contamination were always less than 0.1 %, and lactate dehydrogenase leakage remained less than 1 % at 25-degrees-C for 10 h. The energy charge for freshly isolated cells ranged from 0.65 to 0.74. Alanine (10 mM) gave higher rates of gluconeogenesis and oxidation than lactate: alanine rates were 3.17 0.65-mu-mol glucose/(g packed cells . h) and 9.1 +/- 1.19-mu-mol CO2/(g . h), whereas lactate rates were 0.47 +/- 0.08 and 1.8 +/- 0.27, respectively. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase was 30 % cytosolic and 70 % mitochondrial, a finding that is in agreement with the liver's ability to use both lactate and alanine as gluconeogenic substrates. If hepatic gluconeogenesis is the major route of lactate removal postexercise, it is estimated that recovery would require 3800 h! Therefore, tuna liver is not the major site of glucose resynthesis and lactate clearance following burst exercise. C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,HONOLULU LAB,HONOLULU,HI 96822. RP BUCK, LT (reprint author), UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,DEPT ZOOL,VANCOUVER V6T 2A9,BC,CANADA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1254 EP 1257 DI 10.1139/z92-173 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA JG563 UT WOS:A1992JG56300024 ER PT J AU FRASER, GT LOVAS, FJ SUENRAM, RD GILLIES, JZ GILLIES, CW AF FRASER, GT LOVAS, FJ SUENRAM, RD GILLIES, JZ GILLIES, CW TI MICROWAVE AND INFRARED-SPECTRA OF C2H4...HCCH - BARRIER TO TWOFOLD INTERNAL-ROTATION OF C2H4 SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WATER HYDROCARBON INTERACTIONS; ELECTRIC-DIPOLE MOMENTS; ACETYLENE DIMER; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; VANDERWAALS COMPLEXES; TUNNELING MOTION; PULSED-NOZZLE; ETHYLENE-HF; REGION AB Microwave spectra of C2H4...HCCH, C2H4...DCCH, C2H4...DCCD, D2C = CH2...HCCH, and trans-HDC=CHD...HCCH have been recorded using a pulsed-nozzle Fourier-transform microwave spectrometer. An a-type, DELTA-K(a) = 0 spectrum is observed, with a number of transitions being split into doublets due to tunneling arising from the hindered internal rotation of the ethylene unit about its C=C bond. For the normal isotopic species we find A = 25981(33) MHz, B + C = 3478.2560(13) MHz, and B - C = 89.45(18) MHz. The complex is shown to have a C2v structure in which the HCCH unit hydrogen bonds to the ethylene-pi-cloud, with the HCCH axis normal to the plane of the ethylene. The hydrogen bond length is found lo be 2.78 angstrom. Centrifugal-distortion analysis yields a weak-bond stretching force constant of 2.5 N/m (0.025 mdyn/angstrom), corresponding to a stretching frequency of 56 cm-1. Stark effect measurements determine the electric dipole moment of the complex to be 8.852(21) X 10(-31) C m (0.2654(6) D). The observed tunneling-induced splittings yield an internal rotation barrier of 240 cm-1. An infrared spectrum of the asymmetric acetylenic C-H stretch in the complex has also been measured using an optothermal color-center laser spectrometer. The rotational lines are predissociation broadened, preventing the resolution of K structure. The observed band origin, nu-0 = 3271.61 cm-1, is nearly identical to that found for the similar vibration in the acetylene dimer. C1 SIENA COLL,DEPT CHEM,LOUDONVILLE,NY 12221. RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST,DEPT CHEM,TROY,NY 12180. RP FRASER, GT (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 44 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 1992 VL 163 IS 1 BP 91 EP 101 DI 10.1016/0301-0104(92)80144-K PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA HV526 UT WOS:A1992HV52600011 ER PT J AU WALLINGTON, TJ DAGAUT, P KURYLO, MJ AF WALLINGTON, TJ DAGAUT, P KURYLO, MJ TI ULTRAVIOLET-ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS AND REACTION-KINETICS AND MECHANISMS FOR PEROXY-RADICALS IN THE GAS-PHASE SO CHEMICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID SELF-REACTION KINETICS; THERMAL UNIMOLECULAR REACTIONS; COLLISION RATE CONSTANTS; + DO2 REACTIONS; FALL-OFF RANGE; FLASH-PHOTOLYSIS; CH3O2 RADICALS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; OXYGENATED RADICALS; DISPROPORTIONATION REACTION C1 LAB COMBUST & SYST REACTIFS,CNRS,F-45071 ORLEANS 2,FRANCE. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP WALLINGTON, TJ (reprint author), FORD MOTOR CO,SCI RES LAB,SRL E3083,POB 2053,DEARBORN,MI 48121, USA. RI Dagaut, Philippe/C-1709-2008; Kurylo, Michael/H-2201-2012 OI Dagaut, Philippe/0000-0003-4825-3288; NR 147 TC 338 Z9 342 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0009-2665 J9 CHEM REV JI Chem. Rev. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 92 IS 4 BP 667 EP 710 DI 10.1021/cr00012a008 PG 44 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JA891 UT WOS:A1992JA89100008 ER PT J AU SCHANTZ, MM PARRIS, RM WISE, SA WON, HT TURLE, R AF SCHANTZ, MM PARRIS, RM WISE, SA WON, HT TURLE, R TI POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL (PCB) CONGENERS AND CHLORINATED PESTICIDES IN A COD LIVER OIL REFERENCE MATERIAL SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID MULTIDIMENSIONAL GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY AB A cod liver oil reference material, Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1588, which was issued by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 1989, has certified concentrations for five polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners and ten chlorinated pesticides. Recently, this SRM has been extensively characterized by additional analyses at NIST and by analyses at the Canadian Wildlife Service (CWS) where the SRM was used as a control sample during routine analyses of wildlife tissue specimens. In this paper the results from NIST and CWS are compared and the concentrations for over 40 PCB congeners and 20 chlorinated hydrocarbons are reported. C1 ENVIRONM CANADA,CANADIAN WILDLIFE SERV,NATL WILDLIFE RES CTR,OTTAWA K1A 0H3,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP SCHANTZ, MM (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ORGAN ANALYT RES,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 14 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JUN PY 1992 VL 24 IS 12 BP 1687 EP 1698 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(92)90223-E PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JN549 UT WOS:A1992JN54900002 ER PT J AU SPRINGERYOUNG, M PIOTROWICZ, SR HARVEY, GR AF SPRINGERYOUNG, M PIOTROWICZ, SR HARVEY, GR TI IMPACT OF AN EPISODIC EVENT ON COPPER AND ZINC CONCENTRATIONS AND SPECIATION IN SURFACE WATERS OF THE GULF OF MEXICO SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART A-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article ID ANODIC-STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY; CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC; SEA-WATER; TRACE-METALS; COMPLEXING CAPACITY; DISSOLVED COPPER; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; CADMIUM; LEAD; COMPLEXATION AB Electrochemical and chelation/extraction trace metal techniques are used to develop an understanding of changes in copper and zinc concentrations and speciation associated with a hydrographic and atmospheric event which occurred during an 8-day station in the Gulf of Mexico. Changes in copper and zinc concentrations and speciation coincided with physical changes and biological productivity stimulation. In normally oligotrophic water masses it is possible that episodic events, such as inputs from beneath the mixed layer or aeolian transport, may impact the interaction of trace metals and marine biological processes. RP SPRINGERYOUNG, M (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0198-0149 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PD JUN PY 1992 VL 39 IS 6A BP 953 EP 964 DI 10.1016/0198-0149(92)90034-Q PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA JB853 UT WOS:A1992JB85300003 ER PT J AU BARLOW, J AF BARLOW, J TI NONLINEAR AND LOGISTIC GROWTH IN EXPERIMENTAL POPULATIONS OF GUPPIES SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DENSITY DEPENDENCE; GUPPY; INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION; LOGISTIC; NONLINEAR DYNAMICS; PER CAPITA GROWTH RATE; POECILIA; POPULATION DYNAMICS ID COMPETITION AB Previous experiments have shown that for a specific experimental system of guppies (Poecilia reticulata), per capita growth rate is linearly related to population biomass. A length-specific population model is developed to examine how the various mechanisms of density dependence (i.e., changes in somatic growth rates, reproductive rates, and cannibalism) act in concert to shape the overall population response to intraspecific competition. Despite many nonlinear components, equilibrium per capita growth in the model is linearly related to population biomass, mimicking the logistic growth seen in the experiment. Using the model, the components of density dependence are varied to determine how each component shapes the overall density-dependent response. Density dependence in somatic growth rates is found to be the most important population-regulating mechanism in this system. In the past, emphasis has been placed on density dependence in birth and death functions. The importance of somatic growth in shaping per capita population growth curves may be underestimated. RP BARLOW, J (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,POB 271,LA JOLLA,CA 92038, USA. NR 29 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 15 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUN PY 1992 VL 73 IS 3 BP 941 EP 950 DI 10.2307/1940170 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HU767 UT WOS:A1992HU76700020 ER PT J AU NONDEK, L RODLER, DR BIRKS, JW AF NONDEK, L RODLER, DR BIRKS, JW TI MEASUREMENT OF SUB-PPBV CONCENTRATIONS OF ALDEHYDES IN A FOREST ATMOSPHERE USING A NEW HPLC TECHNIQUE SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CARBONYL-COMPOUNDS; FORMALDEHYDE; AIR; ACETALDEHYDE; CARTRIDGES AB Aldehydes present in "clean" forest air (Niwot Ridge, CO, 3050-m altitude) were trapped on glass microcartridges containing porous glass particles impregnated with dansylhydrazine (DNSH) and analyzed on-line by HPLC with fluorescence detection. The detection limits of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde are 0.1 ppbv for 1-L air samples obtained at a sampling rate of 100 mL/min for 10 min. However, both field and laboratory studies show that, as for the conventional 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine method, ozone is a significant interference when its concentration exceeds 150 ppbv. Preliminary work indicates that N,N',N',-tetramethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride may be added to the reagent solution at the time of cartridge preparation to serve as an ozone scavenger and reduce the ozone interference. The high sensitivity of the DNSH/microcartridge technique allowed the detection of emissions of aldehydes by trees, including aspens, pines, and willows. Besides p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 2-hexenal, other C6 aldehydes containing hydroxyl groups and C=C double bonds were tentatively identified in tree emissions. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RI Birks, John/H-7451-2013 OI Birks, John/0000-0003-1691-1354 NR 29 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1174 EP 1178 DI 10.1021/es50002a605 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HX727 UT WOS:A1992HX72700020 ER PT J AU ROBBINS, JA LINDNER, G PFEIFFER, W KLEINER, J STABEL, HH FRENZEL, P AF ROBBINS, JA LINDNER, G PFEIFFER, W KLEINER, J STABEL, HH FRENZEL, P TI EPILIMNETIC SCAVENGING OF CHERNOBYL RADIONUCLIDES IN LAKE CONSTANCE SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENT-WATER INTERACTIONS; CALCITE PRECIPITATION; NATURAL-WATERS; ADSORPTION; PARTICLES; KINETICS; REMOVAL; COPRECIPITATION; ENVIRONMENT; INTERFACE AB Radioactive debris from the Chernobyl reactor accident entered Lake Constance in southwestern Germany mainly through one rainfall episode on April 30, 1986. Nuclides scavenged by particles in a newly established epilimnion accumulated in traps deployed weekly (20 m depth) at a site in the Uberlinger See, a northwestern bight of the lake. Activities of Cs-137 and Ru-103 (plus Ru-106, Sb-125, Ag-110m, and Ce-144) in trapped material collected during the subsequent 21 weeks is here described by a two-stage scavenging model involving (1) nuclide transfer to "reactive particles" with negligible mean settling rate and (2) their entrainment by large, rapidly settling particles dominated by chemically passive calcite formed seasonally in the epilimnion. The model employs first-order kinetics where forward rate coefficients depend on time-dependent concentrations of candidate "reactive phases" such as total suspended matter (TSM), particulate inorganic matter (PIM), particulate organic matter (POM), and particulate aluminum (PAL). First-order, irreversible nuclide transfer to nonexchangeable portions of reactive phases is also included. Vertical transport is described by a time-dependent rate of particle settling through a vertically and horizontally well-mixed epilimnion of increasing depth. Model calculations reproduced observations well with PAL as the "reactive phase" for Cs-137 and POM for Ru-103. Calculated reaction rates for all nuclides were sufficiently high that activity changes were dominated by temporal variations in pertinent state variables. Selective chemical extraction of Chernobyl Cs-137 from sediments and study of uptake kinetics by addition of radiocesium to fresh sediment suspensions supported model results indicating its negligible affinity for calcite, probable transfer to clay minerals (for which PAL is a surrogate), particle concentration-independent distribution coefficient, and significant transfer to nonexchangeable sites. For Ru-103, model calculations implied no transfer to nonexchangeable sites and a forward rate term proportional to the square root of POM concentration, a result in accord with the Honeyman-Santschi "Brownian pumping" model. The unusual coincidence of a pulsed nuclide loading with conditions of thermal stratification and limited vertical water mass exchange, together with frequent measurement of important state variables, permitted successful evaluation of a reaction-kinetic model under markedly non-steady state conditions. C1 FACHHSCH RAVENSBURG WEINGARTEN, INST INNOVAT & TRANSFER, W-7987 WEINGARTEN, GERMANY. PERKIN ELMER GMBH, W-7700 UBERLINGEN, GERMANY. MAX PLANCK INST TERR MICROBIOL, W-3550 MARBURG, GERMANY. UNIV CONSTANCE, FAK PHYS, W-7750 CONSTANCE, GERMANY. RP ROBBINS, JA (reprint author), US DEPT COMMERCE, NOAA, GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB, 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA. RI Pfeiffer, Walter/A-6378-2012 NR 69 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 1992 VL 56 IS 6 BP 2339 EP 2361 DI 10.1016/0016-7037(92)90193-M PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA HZ452 UT WOS:A1992HZ45200012 ER PT J AU ALLEN, RA CRESSWELL, MW BUCK, LM AF ALLEN, RA CRESSWELL, MW BUCK, LM TI A NEW TEST STRUCTURE FOR THE ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENT OF THE WIDTH OF SHORT FEATURES WITH ARBITRARILY WIDE VOLTAGE TAPS SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CONDUCTING LAYERS; BRIDGE AB Accurate determination of the linewidth of a narrow conducting film for VLSI applications using electrical test structure metrology has required that the length of the line be many times its width to minimize geometric error due to the finite width of the voltage taps. However, long lines obscure important local effects such as nonuniformities in the film. Shorter lines highlight such effects. This paper describes a method of measuring the width of a short line having taps of arbitrary width. The effect of the taps is measured and "used in the extraction of the linewidth allowing the determination of local linewidth variations with confidence. RP ALLEN, RA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV SEMICOND ELECTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 8 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0741-3106 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 13 IS 6 BP 322 EP 324 DI 10.1109/55.145072 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA HU503 UT WOS:A1992HU50300006 ER PT J AU FISCHER, G GIRGENSOHN, A NAKAKOJI, K REDMILES, D AF FISCHER, G GIRGENSOHN, A NAKAKOJI, K REDMILES, D TI SUPPORTING SOFTWARE DESIGNERS WITH INTEGRATED DOMAIN-ORIENTED DESIGN ENVIRONMENTS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE COEVOLUTION OF SPECIFICATION AND CONSTRUCTION; DOMAIN ORIENTATION; END-USER MODIFIABILITY; EXPLANATION; INFORMATION RETRIEVAL; KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION; KNOWLEDGE-BASED DESIGN ENVIRONMENTS; SOFTWARE REUSE AND REDESIGN; USER INTERFACE AB The field of knowledge-based software engineering has been undergoing a shift in emphasis from automatic programming to human augmentation. We support this shift with an approach that embeds human-computer cooperative problem-solving tools into knowledge-based design environments that work in conjunction with human software designers in specific application domains. Domain orientation reduces the large conceptual distance between problem-domain semantics and software artifacts. Integrated environments support the co-evolution of specification and construction while allowing designers to access relevant knowledge at each stage of a software development process. The access and development of knowledge is supported in a cycle of location, comprehension, and modification. Modification includes the evolution of the knowledge base and tools. A framework for building such tools and mechanisms is described and illustrated in terms of three systems: CATALOGEXPLORER, EXPLAINER, and MODIFIER. User studies of these systems demonstrate the promises and limitations of our design environment approach. C1 SOFTWARE RES ASSOCIATES,SOFTWARE ENGN LAB,CHIYODA KU,TOKYO 102,JAPAN. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CTR COMP & APPL MATH,GAITHERSBURG,MD. UNIV COLORADO,INST COGNIT SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP FISCHER, G (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,DEPT COMP SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 57 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 SN 0098-5589 J9 IEEE T SOFTWARE ENG JI IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 18 IS 6 BP 511 EP 522 DI 10.1109/32.142873 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA HY535 UT WOS:A1992HY53500006 ER PT J AU RAO, CRN AF RAO, CRN TI AEROSOL RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS TO THE RETRIEVAL OF SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES FROM INFRARED RADIANCES MEASURED BY THE ADVANCED VERY HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER (AVHRR) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB The radiative effects of atmospheric aerosols on the retrieval of sea surface temperature from the infrared radiances measured in Channels 3(approximately 3.55-3.95-mu-m), 4(approximately 10.30-11.30-mu-m), and 5(approximately 11.50-12.50-mu-m) of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) onboard the NOAA polar-orbiting operational environmental satellites have been simulated in realistic models of a turbid atmosphere above the sea surface at a given temperature. The LOWTRAN-7 radiative transfer code has been used to compute the upwelling radiances at the central wavenumbers of these three channels. Brightness temperatures computed from these radiances were used in the NOAA/NESDIS Multichannel Sea Surface Temperature (MCSST) retrieval algorithms to calculate sea surface temperatures. It is observed that the calculated (retrieved) sea surface temperatures are always less than the prescribed value in the model atmosphere, with the depressions ranging up to 4-degrees-C, depending upon the type and total columnar abundance of aerosols, prescribed sea surface temperature, and the satellite zenith angle of observation. The modelled sea surface temperature depressions show a high degree of correlation with the line-of-sight aerosol optical thickness; linear regression yields values in excess of 0.8 for the coefficient of determination. RP RAO, CRN (reprint author), NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,SATELLITE RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 13 IS 9 BP 1757 EP 1769 PG 13 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA HY974 UT WOS:A1992HY97400013 ER PT J AU WEBER, BL WUERTZ, DB LAW, DC FRISCH, AS BROWN, JM AF WEBER, BL WUERTZ, DB LAW, DC FRISCH, AS BROWN, JM TI EFFECTS OF SMALL-SCALE VERTICAL MOTION ON RADAR MEASUREMENTS OF WIND AND TEMPERATURE PROFILES SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Vertical velocities were observed during the month of June 1990 with two side-by-side wind profilers at Platteville, Colorado. Many of the observations reveal strong wave motion, probable mountain lee waves, that sometimes caused vertical velocity changes of several meters per second in less than an hour. It is demonstrated that, under these conditions, hourly averages cannot always be used to accurately account for the effects of vertical motion on the profiler measurements. It is also shown that it is impossible to accurately remove the effects of vertical motion from the horizontal wind component estimates when the horizontal scale of vertical-motion variability is comparable to the horizontal separation distance between antenna beams. The Radio Acoustic Sounding System (RASS) temperature measurements, however, are not affected by the small spatial scales because those measurements are made on the same vertical antenna beam as the vertical velocity measurements. Nevertheless, it is important that these temperature measurements be made simultaneously with vertical velocity measurements so that valid vertical velocity corrections can be made. RP WEBER, BL (reprint author), US DEPT COMMERCE,NOAA,WAVE PROPAGAT LAB,ERL,WP4,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80302, USA. RI Brown, John/D-3361-2015 NR 0 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 9 IS 3 BP 193 EP 209 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1992)009<0193:EOSSVM>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HU232 UT WOS:A1992HU23200001 ER PT J AU MARTNER, BE MARWITZ, JD KROPFLI, RA AF MARTNER, BE MARWITZ, JD KROPFLI, RA TI RADAR OBSERVATIONS OF TRANSPORT AND DIFFUSION IN CLOUDS AND PRECIPITATION USING TRACIR SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A remote-sensing technique called TRACIR (tracking air with circular-polarization radar) was developed recently for studying air-parcel trajectories in clouds. The technique uses a dual-circular-polarization radar to detect microwave chaff fibers that serve as tracers of the air motion. The radar is able to detect the chaff inside clouds and precipitation by measuring the circular-depolarization ratio, which is much higher for chaff than for hydrometeors. Chaff concentrations are also estimated by the technique, thus permitting turbulent diffusion in clouds to be examined. Demonstrations of TRACIR's capabilities are presented for three cases in which chaff was used to simulate the movement of cloud-seeding nuclei in clouds and precipitation. In two cases involving airborne chaff releases. the gradual drift and diffusion of chaff in a stratiform cloud are contrasted with its abrupt transport and dispersion in a convective cloud. In the third case study, the technique successfully detected a plume of chaff released from the ground in a snowstorm. In each case the radar data provided three-dimensional visualizations of the extent of the chaff region and maps of the chaff concentration with excellent spatial and temporal resolution. RP MARTNER, BE (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,WAVE PROPAGAT LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 9 IS 3 BP 226 EP 241 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1992)009<0226:ROOTAD>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HU232 UT WOS:A1992HU23200003 ER PT J AU FESTA, JF MOLINARI, RL AF FESTA, JF MOLINARI, RL TI AN EVALUATION OF THE WOCE VOLUNTEER OBSERVING SHIP XBT NETWORK IN THE ATLANTIC SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A volunteer observing ship (VOS)-expendable bathythermograph (XBT) network has been proposed for the Atlantic Ocean to satisfy World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) objectives in the upper water column. These objectives include measuring changes in upper-layer temperature. An evaluation of the proposed WOCE XBT network to resolve variability in sea surface temperature (SST), temperature distribution at 150 m (T150), and average temperature of the upper 400 m (T400L) between 25-degrees-S and 35-degrees-N is performed. A sampling design study based on an optimum interpolation (OI) of the historical XBT dataset is used to construct uncertainty distributions for various XBT networks. The OI technique requires statistical representations of the variability (in the form of structure functions) of the three variables that are derived from the historical database. The structure functions and various sampling grids are used to construct uncertainty maps. Two seasons are used in the analysis of SST. In both seasons, uncertainties in mapped SST values for the proposed WOCE grid range from 0.3-degrees to 0.4-degrees-C in regions of adequate data coverage. Errors are larger along the boundary. Uncertainties in the T150 fields are larger (0.5-degrees - 0.7-degrees-C) because of the smaller scales of spatial variability at depth. Errors in T400L range from 0.3-degrees to 0.4-degrees-C. The effects of alternative observing strategies on the error maps are shown. Finally, error maps derived from the XBT network as it exists today (i.e., incomplete) are given. The maps indicate that monthly resolution is not available from the incomplete network. RP FESTA, JF (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. RI Festa, John/C-3179-2014 OI Festa, John/0000-0002-5944-8219 NR 0 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 9 IS 3 BP 305 EP 317 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1992)009<0305:AEOTWV>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HU232 UT WOS:A1992HU23200008 ER PT J AU FRISCH, AS WEBER, BL AF FRISCH, AS WEBER, BL TI THE DISTRIBUTION OF CN(2) AS MEASURED BY 50-MHZ, 405-MHZ, AND 915-MHZ WIND PROFILERS SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Note AB The distribution of backscattered power was computed for three wind profilers in the Colorado network that operated at 50, 405, and 915 MHz. Since the backscattered power is a function of fluctuations in the refractivity index, this power distribution also gives the relative distribution of C(n)2. Similar distributions were found for all three frequencies in the lower troposphere where the atmosphere is often well mixed. But near and above the tropopause the distributions for the three frequencies differed, probably because they responded to different processes in the atmosphere. RP FRISCH, AS (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,WAVE PROPAGAT LAB,MAIL COPE R-E-WP6,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 9 IS 3 BP 318 EP 322 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1992)009<0318:TDOAMB>2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HU232 UT WOS:A1992HU23200009 ER PT J AU GILLES, MK POLAK, ML LINEBERGER, WC AF GILLES, MK POLAK, ML LINEBERGER, WC TI PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY OF THE HALOGEN OXIDE ANIONS FO-, CLO-, BRO-, IO-, OCLO-, AND OIO- SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-AFFINITY; CHLORINE DIOXIDE; HIGH-RESOLUTION; GAS-PHASE; SPECTRUM; STATES; PHOTODETACHMENT; IODINE; OXYGEN; SYSTEM AB The 351 nm photoelectron spectra of FO-, ClO-, BrO-, IO-, OClO-, and OIO- are reported. The spectra of the halogen monoxides display transitions to both spin-orbit states of the (2)PI(i) ground state neutrals. Anion vibrational frequencies are observed in the spectra and bond lengths are obtained for the anions from Franck-Condon simulations. Spectra of the halogen dioxides display two active vibrational modes-the symmetric stretch and the bend. Anion symmetric stretching frequencies and normal coordinate displacements from the corresponding neutral are reported. Adiabatic electron affinities found for the halogen oxides are 2.272(6) eV (FO), 2.276(6) eV (ClO), 2.353(6) eV (BrO), 2.378(6) eV (IO), 2.140(8) eV (OClO), and 2.577(8) eV (OIO). The difference between the neutral and anion dissociation energies [D0(XO) - D0(XO-)] is reported for each of the halogen monoxides. Anion heats of formation (298 K) are also determined. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP GILLES, MK (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80302, USA. NR 71 TC 136 Z9 137 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 1992 VL 96 IS 11 BP 8012 EP 8020 DI 10.1063/1.462352 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA HW836 UT WOS:A1992HW83600013 ER PT J AU TALUKDAR, RK VAGHJIANI, GL RAVISHANKARA, AR AF TALUKDAR, RK VAGHJIANI, GL RAVISHANKARA, AR TI PHOTODISSOCIATION OF BROMOCARBONS AT 193 NM, 222 NM, AND 248 NM - QUANTUM YIELDS OF BR ATOM AT 298-K SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; LASER; CF2BR2; PHOTOFRAGMENTATION; DISSOCIATION; METHANES; PRODUCTS; BROMINE; OH AB The primary quantum yields, PHI(Br), for the formation of Br atom in the photodissociation of CF2Br2 and CH3Br at 248, 222, and 193 nm, and of CF3Br at 222 and 193 nm were measured at 298 K. The bromine atoms were directly detected via resonance fluorescence following pulsed laser photolysis of the molecules of interest. The Br atom quantum yields in CF2Br2 photolysis increased with decreasing wavelengths: 1.01 +/- 0.15, 1.63 +/- 0.19, and 1.96 +/- 0.27 at 248, 222, and 193 nm, respectively. The PHI(Br) values in CH3Br and CF3Br were close to unity at all the wavelengths: 0.92 +/- 0.15 and 1.12 +/- 0.16 at 222 and 193 nm, respectively, for CF3Br; 1.01 +/- 0.16, 1.10 +/- 0.20, and 1.05 +/- 0.11 at 248, 222, and 193 nm, respectively, for CH3Br. Quantum yield of H atom formation in the photolysis of CH3Br at 193 nm was measured to be 0.002 +/- 0.001. H atom could not be detected in the photolysis at 248 and 222 nm. In all cases the PHI(Br) values were found to be independent of buffer gas pressure or the photolysis laser fluence. Our results suggest that the quantum yields for dissociation of all the molecules considered here are unity; therefore, atmospheric lifetime calculations carried out by assuming a unit dissociation quantum yield are correct. The nature of the photodissociation process is discussed in the light of previous and present results. C1 NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RI TALUKDAR, RANAJIT/G-4530-2013; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011 OI TALUKDAR, RANAJIT/0000-0001-6017-8431; NR 33 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 1992 VL 96 IS 11 BP 8194 EP 8201 DI 10.1063/1.462324 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA HW836 UT WOS:A1992HW83600036 ER PT J AU SMITH, CJ DRIESSEN, JPJ ENO, L LEONE, SR AF SMITH, CJ DRIESSEN, JPJ ENO, L LEONE, SR TI LASER PREPARATION AND PROBING OF INITIAL AND FINAL ORBITAL ALIGNMENT IN COLLISION-INDUCED ENERGY-TRANSFER CA(4S5P,1P1)+HE-]CA(4S5P,3P2)+HE SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION CROSS-SECTION; ASSOCIATIVE IONIZATION; RARE-GASES; ATOMS; AR; COHERENCE; DYNAMICS; STATE AB In a crossed beam atomic energy transfer experiment, relative cross sections are measured between initial and final magnetic substates of atomic orbitals in a three vector correlation experiment. A pulsed laser beam prepares Ca(4s5p 1P1) in a single magnetic sublevel \j1m(i)> with respect to the laser polarization vector. Subsequent collision with He at a well-defined relative velocity yields Ca (4s5p 3P2). The near-resonant Ca(4s5p 3P2) is probed by a second polarized pulsed laser, revealing its magnetic sublevel \j2m(f)> distribution with respect to the probe laser polarization vector. The experiment is analyzed in the collision frame where the direction of the initial relative velocity vector serves as the quantization axis. In this frame, the initial and final Ca states are characterized by substates \j1m1> and \j2m2>, respectively. Fourteen collision frame cross sections are needed to describe the energy transfer completely. Eight of these cross sections are real and positive (conventional type-describing population transfer) and six are complex (coherence type-containing phase information). By symmetry, only 15 unique parameters for the real and imaginary parts of the cross sections are required, nine of which are obtained here using linear polarizations and collinear laser beams. Possible cases for circularly polarized light are also tabulated; measurement of these cases would provide several more parameters. For initial parallel preparation of the 1P1 p orbital with respect to the relative velocity (m1 = 0), the final 3P2 state is highly aligned in the m2 = +/- 1 and m2 = +/- 2 sublevels. Initial preparation of the p orbital perpendicular to the relative velocity vector (m1 = +/- 1) produces an aligned 3P2 state with greater population in the m2 = 0 and m2 = +/- 1 sublevels compared to the m2 = +/- 2 sublevels. Using the coherence information and symmetry, orientation cross sections are obtained into the m2 = +/- 1 sublevels (i.e., m preserving 1 --> 1 and m-changing 1 --> - 1) and are nearly identical. Preparation of the Ca p orbital perpendicular to the initial relative velocity enhances the state-specific collisional transfer of 1P1 --> 3P2 by a factor of 2.2 +/- 0.2 over initial parallel preparation. C1 CLARKSON UNIV,DEPT CHEM,POTSDAM,NY 13699. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP SMITH, CJ (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80302, USA. NR 33 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 1992 VL 96 IS 11 BP 8212 EP 8224 DI 10.1063/1.462326 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA HW836 UT WOS:A1992HW83600038 ER PT J AU FOSTER, MD SIKKA, M SINGH, N BATES, FS SATIJA, SK MAJKRZAK, CF AF FOSTER, MD SIKKA, M SINGH, N BATES, FS SATIJA, SK MAJKRZAK, CF TI STRUCTURE OF SYMMETRICAL POLYOLEFIN BLOCK COPOLYMER THIN-FILMS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CRYSTAL FILMS; DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; X-RAY; MICROPHASE SEPARATION; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); NEUTRON REFLECTIVITY; SURFACE; POLYSTYRENE; TRANSITION; POLY(ETHYLETHYLENE) AB The microstructure of thin films of nearly symmetric poly(ethylene-propylene)-poly(ethylethylene) (PEP-PEE) diblock copolymers (f = 0.55, where f is the volume fraction of PEP) was characterized by neutron reflectometry (NR). A symmetric film structure in which the PEE block segregates preferentially to both interfaces is observed above and below the bulk order-disorder transition (ODT). Measurements at room temperature for several chain lengths, N, provide a real-space picture of the change in interdomain interfacial profiles associated with the crossover between the strong and weak segregation limits. The polymer/air and substrate/polymer interfaces are observed to induce an ordered microstructure even when the center of the film is disordered. The characteristic dimension of this near surface microstructure is larger than the corresponding bulk value for values of (chi)N lying between those of the bulk Gaussian-to-stretched-coil and order-disorder transitions, where chi is the segment-segment interaction parameter. This behavior is attributed to the correlation of large amplitude composition fluctuations in the film with the interfaces. A mean-field behavior prevails for (chi)N < ((chi)N)GST,bulk, where some preferential segregation occurs at the interfaces, but the characteristic dimension once again matches that in the bulk. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP FOSTER, MD (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT CHEM ENGN & MAT SCI,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455, USA. OI Bates, Frank/0000-0003-3977-1278 NR 43 TC 105 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 1992 VL 96 IS 11 BP 8605 EP 8615 DI 10.1063/1.462263 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA HW836 UT WOS:A1992HW83600079 ER PT J AU NEUMANN, DA COPLEY, JRD KAMITAKAHARA, WA RUSH, JJ CAPPELLETTI, RL COUSTEL, N FISCHER, JE MCCAULEY, JP SMITH, AB CREEGAN, KM COX, DM AF NEUMANN, DA COPLEY, JRD KAMITAKAHARA, WA RUSH, JJ CAPPELLETTI, RL COUSTEL, N FISCHER, JE MCCAULEY, JP SMITH, AB CREEGAN, KM COX, DM TI ROTATIONAL-DYNAMICS AND ORIENTATIONAL MELTING OF C-60 - A NEUTRON-SCATTERING STUDY SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Letter C1 OHIO UNIV,CONDENSED MATTER & SURFACE SCI PROGRAM,ATHENS,OH 45701. OHIO UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,ATHENS,OH 45701. UNIV PENN,DEPT MAT SCI,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. EXXON RES & ENGN CO,ANNANDALE,NJ 08801. UNIV PENN,RES STRUCT MATTER LAB,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. RP NEUMANN, DA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 16 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 1992 VL 96 IS 11 BP 8631 EP 8633 DI 10.1063/1.462876 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA HW836 UT WOS:A1992HW83600085 ER PT J AU OHARE, PAG HOPE, GA AF OHARE, PAG HOPE, GA TI THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF TUNGSTEN DITELLURIDE (WTE2) .2. STANDARD MOLAR ENTHALPY OF FORMATION AT THE TEMPERATURE 298.15-K SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID MOLYBDENUM; VISCOSITY; SULFUR C1 GRIFFITH UNIV,NATHAN,QLD 4111,AUSTRALIA. RP OHARE, PAG (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Hope, Gregory/A-7556-2008 OI Hope, Gregory/0000-0003-2694-3456 NR 30 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 33 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 24 IS 6 BP 639 EP 647 DI 10.1016/S0021-9614(05)80035-7 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA HW413 UT WOS:A1992HW41300011 ER PT J AU HALPERT, MS ROPELEWSKI, CF AF HALPERT, MS ROPELEWSKI, CF TI SURFACE-TEMPERATURE PATTERNS ASSOCIATED WITH THE SOUTHERN OSCILLATION SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID EL-NINO; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; PRECIPITATION; CLIMATE; ANOMALIES; RAINFALL; WINTER; OCEAN; ENSO AB The "typical" global and large-scale regional temperature patterns associated with the low (warm) and high (cold) phases of the Southern Oscillation (SO) are investigated. A total of 12 separate regions were found to have consistent temperature patterns associated with low phase of the SO, while 11 areas were found to have temperature patterns associated with the high phase. Of these areas, 9 have expected temperature patterns during both phases of the SO. In the tropics, temperature anomalies are of the same sign as the SO-related sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly in all land regions except for one area in the west Pacific. Three extratropical responses to the low phase of the SO are found over North America and one is found in Japan. High SO-temperature patterns were found in the extratropics for Japan, western Europe, and northwestern North America. The identified temperature responses are more consistent in tropical regions than in the extratropics. The SO can influence the estimation of global surface temperature anomalies. C1 NATL WEATHER SERV,NMC,CTR CLIMATE ANAL,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 31 TC 324 Z9 332 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 5 IS 6 BP 577 EP 593 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1992)005<0577:STPAWT>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HX563 UT WOS:A1992HX56300003 ER PT J AU SERREZE, MC KAHL, JD SCHNELL, RC AF SERREZE, MC KAHL, JD SCHNELL, RC TI LOW-LEVEL TEMPERATURE INVERSIONS OF THE EURASIAN ARCTIC AND COMPARISONS WITH SOVIET DRIFTING STATION DATA SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA ICE; LEADS; COEFFICIENTS; OZONE; MODEL; HEAT AB Seasonal and regional variations in characteristics of the Arctic low-level temperature inversion are examined using up to 12 years of twice-daily rawinsonde data from 31 inland and coastal sites of the Eurasian Arctic and a total of nearly six station years of data from three Soviet drifting stations near the North Pole. The frequency of inversions, the median inversion depth, and the temperature difference across the inversion layer increase from the Norwegian Sea eastward toward the Laptev and East Siberian seas. This effect is most pronounced in winter and autumn, and reflects proximity to oceanic influences and synoptic activity, possibly enhanced by a gradient in cloud cover. East of Novaya Zemlya during winter, inversions are found in over 95% of all soundings and tend to be surface based. For all locations, however, inversions tend to be most intense during winter due to the large deficit in surface net radiation. The strongest inversions are found over eastern Siberia, and reflect the effects of local topography. The frequency of inversions is lowest during summer, but is still > 50% at all locations. Most summer inversions are elevated, and are much weaker than their winter counterparts. Data from the drifting stations reveal an inversion in every sounding from December to April. The minimum frequency of 85% occurs during August. While the median inversion depth is over 1200 m during March, it decreases to approximately 400 m during August, with median temperature differences across the inversion layer of 12.6-degrees and 2.8-degrees-C, respectively. The median depth of the summertime mixed layer below inversions at the drifting stations ranges from 300 to 400 m. Seasonal changes in these inversion characteristics show a strong relationship with seasonal changes in cloud cover. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT GEOSCI,MILWAUKEE,WI 53201. RP SERREZE, MC (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,DIV CRYOSPHER & POLAR PROC,CAMPUS BOX 449,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 37 TC 95 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 5 IS 6 BP 615 EP 629 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1992)005<0615:LLTIOT>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HX563 UT WOS:A1992HX56300005 ER PT J AU RANDWEAVER, M SWANSON, P KAWAUCHI, H DICKHOFF, WW AF RANDWEAVER, M SWANSON, P KAWAUCHI, H DICKHOFF, WW TI SOMATOLACTIN, A NOVEL PITUITARY PROTEIN - PURIFICATION AND PLASMA-LEVELS DURING REPRODUCTIVE MATURATION OF COHO SALMON SO JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; RAT GRANULOSA-CELLS; GROWTH-HORMONE; PLACENTAL-LACTOGEN; PARS-INTERMEDIA; PROLACTIN; IDENTIFICATION; GOLDFISH; CLONING; FAMILY AB Somatolactin (SL), a newly discovered fish pituitary protein belonging to the GH/prolactin family, was isolated from coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Antibodies were raised to purified coho SL, and a homologous radioimmunoassay was developed and validated. The assay was specific for SL as indicated by the absence of cross-reactivity with coho salmon GH, gonadotrophins I and II and less than 0.2% cross-reaction to prolactin. Serial dilutions of plasma and pituitary extracts from Oncorhynchus species including coho salmon, chinook salmon and rainbow trout were parallel to the coho salmon SL standard curve. Displacement curves for dilutions of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) plasma, but not pituitary extract were parallel to the standards. Plasma levels of SL were measured in coho salmon throughout the final year of reproductive maturation. During the period of gonadal growth, plasma SL levels increased and were highly correlated to oestradiol levels in females and 11-ketotestosterone levels in males. Peak levels of SL were observed at the time of final maturation and spawning in both sexes. It is hypothesized that SL may regulate some physiological aspect of reproduction. C1 KITASATO UNIV,SCH FISHERIES SCI,MOLEC ENDOCRINOL LAB,SANRIKU,IWATE 02201,JAPAN. NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98112. UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH FISHERIES,SEATTLE,WA 98195. NR 43 TC 133 Z9 133 U1 1 U2 5 PU J ENDOCRINOLOGY LTD PI BRISTOL PA 17/18 THE COURTYARD, WOODLANDS, ALMONDSBURY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS12 4NQ SN 0022-0795 J9 J ENDOCRINOL JI J. Endocrinol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 133 IS 3 BP 393 EP 403 DI 10.1677/joe.0.1330393 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA HY567 UT WOS:A1992HY56700010 PM 1613440 ER PT J AU MCMICHAEL, RD SHULL, RD SWARTZENDRUBER, LJ BENNETT, LH WATSON, RE AF MCMICHAEL, RD SHULL, RD SWARTZENDRUBER, LJ BENNETT, LH WATSON, RE TI MAGNETOCALORIC EFFECT IN SUPERPARAMAGNETS SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC REFRIGERATION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE AB The magnetocaloric effect is calculated for superparamagnetic materials as a function of temperature, field and cluster size. Assuming classical behavior, a universal curve is calculated from which an optimum cluster moment may be found for maximum entropy change upon application of a given field H at a given temperature T. Quantum effects are shown to be small for temperatures above 10 K and fields less than a few tesla. A comparison with results for a spin-7/2 paramagnet such as Gd3Ga5O12 (GGG) is made, which indicates that superparamagnetic materials such as magnetic nanocomposites offer the possibility of extending the upper useful temperature limit of paramagnetic materials for magnetic refrigeration. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. RP MCMICHAEL, RD (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG 223,RM B152,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI McMichael, Robert/J-8688-2012; Shull, Robert/F-5971-2013; OI McMichael, Robert/0000-0002-1372-664X NR 12 TC 362 Z9 365 U1 2 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 111 IS 1-2 BP 29 EP 33 DI 10.1016/0304-8853(92)91049-Y PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA JF843 UT WOS:A1992JF84300006 ER PT J AU SLADE, RCT FORANO, CRM PRESSMAN, HA NICOL, JM PERAIO, A ALBERTI, G AF SLADE, RCT FORANO, CRM PRESSMAN, HA NICOL, JM PERAIO, A ALBERTI, G TI NEUTRON-SCATTERING FROM FILMS OF PELLICULAR ZIRCONIUM-PHOSPHATE SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ALPHA-ZIRCONIUM PHOSPHATE; PELLICULAR ZIRCONIUM PHOSPHATE; INELASTIC NEUTRON SCATTERING; QUASI-ELASTIC NEUTRON SCATTERING ID HYDROGEN FORM AB Neutron-scattering studies have been undertaken in the investigation of crystalline alpha-zirconium phosphate [Zr(HPO4)2.H2O, alpha-ZrP] and of films of pellicular zirconium phosphate (p-ZrP). In the inelastic neutron scattering (INS) spectra of p-ZrP films fewer peaks are observed than in the case of alpha-ZrP and intensities in the region 720-1120 cm-1 (associated with acid phosphate groups) are orientation dependent, Quasielastic broadenings are observed in scattering spectra from p-ZrP films at 70-degrees-C. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV MARYLAND,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. UNIV PERUGIA,DIPARTIMENTO CHIM,CHIM INORGAN LAB,I-06100 PERUGIA,ITALY. RP SLADE, RCT (reprint author), UNIV EXETER,DEPT CHEM,EXETER EX4 4RJ,DEVON,ENGLAND. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4WF SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 2 IS 6 BP 583 EP 585 DI 10.1039/jm9920200583 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA HY110 UT WOS:A1992HY11000001 ER PT J AU WAN, KT LAWN, BR HORN, RG AF WAN, KT LAWN, BR HORN, RG TI REPULSIVE INTERACTION BETWEEN COPLANAR CRACKS IN THE DOUBLE-CANTILEVER GEOMETRY SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOLIDS; MICA AB Experiments on thin mica sheets are used to demonstrate that coplanar cracks in double-cantilever beam specimens do not universally attract each other, as conventionally portrayed, but, at long range, actually repel. An elasticity analysis explains the repulsion in terms of a compression zone, almost-equal-to 0.35 times the beam half-thickness ahead of the crack tip, generated by bending moments from the cantilever arms on the remaining specimen section. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP WAN, KT (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. RI Horn, Roger/L-2782-2013 NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MC KNIGHT ROAD SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 7 IS 6 BP 1584 EP 1588 DI 10.1557/JMR.1992.1584 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA HY106 UT WOS:A1992HY10600034 ER PT J AU MARX, E AF MARX, E TI SPINOR EQUATIONS IN RELATIVISTIC QUANTUM-MECHANICS SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB A set of two first-order equations for classical spinor fields are used to formulate the relativistic quantum mechanics (RQM) of a single massive spin-1/2 particle. These equations are generalized Weyl equations and they are not equivalent to the Dirac equation. They lead to a conserved charge that is not positive definite, thus allowing for a probabilistic interpretation of the wave function in RQM. The charge is also conserved when the fields interact with a scalar field through the charge-current densities. RP MARX, E (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0022-2488 J9 J MATH PHYS JI J. Math. Phys. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 33 IS 6 BP 2290 EP 2302 DI 10.1063/1.529601 PG 13 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA HV475 UT WOS:A1992HV47500039 ER PT J AU EZER, T MELLOR, GL AF EZER, T MELLOR, GL TI A NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE VARIABILITY AND THE SEPARATION OF THE GULF-STREAM, INDUCED BY SURFACE ATMOSPHERIC FORCING AND LATERAL BOUNDARY FLOWS SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID HUDSON-RARITAN ESTUARY; FLORIDA CURRENT; 3-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATION; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; NORTH-ATLANTIC; DELAWARE BAY; RIVER SYSTEM; WIND STRESS; MODEL; OCEAN AB A primitive equation regional model is used to study the effects of surface and lateral forcing on the variability and the climatology of the Gulf Stream system. The model is an eddy-resolving, coastal ocean model that includes thermohaline dynamics and a second-order turbulence closure scheme to provide vertical mixing. The surface forcing consists of wind stress and heat fluxes obtained from the Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (COADS). Sensitivity studies are performed by driving the model with different forcing (e.g., annual versus zero surface forcing or monthly versus annual forcing). The model climatology, obtained from a five-year simulation of each case, is then compared to observed climatologies obtained from satellite-derived SST and hydrocast data. The experiments in which surface heat flux and wind stress were neglected show less realistic Gulf Stream separation and variability, compared with experiments in which annual or seasonal forcing are used. A similar unrealistic Gulf Stream separation is also obtained when the slope-water inflow at the northeast boundary is neglected. The experiments suggest that maintaining the density structure and the concomitant geostrophic flow in the northern recirculation gyre plays an important role in the separation of the Gulf Stream. The maintenance of the recirculation gyre is affected by heat transfer, wind stress, and slope-water inflow. The heat transfer involves several processes: lateral eddy transfer, surface heat flux, and vertical mixing. Further improvement of the Gulf Stream separation and climatology are obtained when seasonal changes in the lateral temperature and salinity boundary conditions are included. The seasonal climatology of the model calculations compare reasonably well with the observed climatology. Although total transports on open boundaries are maintained at climatological values, there are, nevertheless, large seasonal and spatial variations of Gulf Stream transport between Cape Hatteras and 62-degrees-W. These changes are accompanied by transport changes in the northern recirculation gyre. RP EZER, T (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,PROGRAM ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI,POB CN 710,SAYRE HALL,PRINCETON,NJ 08544, USA. OI Ezer, Tal/0000-0002-2018-6071 NR 48 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 22 IS 6 BP 660 EP 682 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(1992)022<0660:ANSOTV>2.0.CO;2 PG 23 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA HX277 UT WOS:A1992HX27700007 ER PT J AU WU, YC KOCH, WF BEREZANSKY, PA HOLLAND, LA AF WU, YC KOCH, WF BEREZANSKY, PA HOLLAND, LA TI THE DISSOCIATION-CONSTANT OF AMINO-ACIDS BY THE CONDUCTIMETRIC METHOD .1. PK1 OF MOPSO-HCL AT 25-DEGREES-C SO JOURNAL OF SOLUTION CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE AMINO ACIDS; DEGREE OF DISSOCIATION; ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION; EQUIVALENT CONDUCTIVITY; PK1; THERMODYNAMIC DISSOCIATION CONSTANT AB The dissociation constants of amino acids are generally determined by acid-base titration and by the emf method. The use of the conductimetric method to obtain pK for amino acids appears to be the first of its kind. In this study, we describe the method of measurement, the treatment of the data and discuss the results. The choice of MOPSO for the investigation is in conjunction with the development of new buffer systems as pH Standard Reference Materials. The value for pK at 25-degrees-C is 0.060+/-0.005. RP WU, YC (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Holland, Lisa/C-2208-2011 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0095-9782 J9 J SOLUTION CHEM JI J. Solut. Chem. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 21 IS 6 BP 597 EP 605 DI 10.1007/BF00649566 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA HY661 UT WOS:A1992HY66100007 ER PT J AU NEMIROVSKY, AM FREED, KF ISHINABE, T DOUGLAS, JF AF NEMIROVSKY, AM FREED, KF ISHINABE, T DOUGLAS, JF TI MARRIAGE OF EXACT ENUMERATION AND 1/D EXPANSION METHODS - LATTICE MODEL OF DILUTE POLYMERS SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE LATTICE MODEL OF POLYMERS; SELF-AVOIDING WALK; SELF-INTERACTING WALK; NEIGHBOR-AVOIDING WALK; CONNECTIVITY CONSTANT ID SELF-AVOIDING WALKS; COLLAPSE TRANSITION; THETA-POINT; MONTE-CARLO; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; HYPERCUBIC LATTICES; SQUARE LATTICE; TEMPERATURES; CHAINS AB We consider the properties of a self-avoiding polymer chain with nearest-neighbor contact energy epsilon on a d-dimensional hypercubic lattice. General theoretical arguments enable us to prescribe the exact analytic form of the n-segment chain partition function C(n), and unknown coefficients for chains of up to 11 segments are determined using exact enumeration data in d = 2-6. This exact form provides the main ingredient to produce a large-n expansion in d-1 of the chain free energy through fifth order with the full dependence on the contact energy retained. The epsilon-dependent chain connectivity constant and free energy amplitude are evaluated within the d-1 expansion to O(d-5). Our general formulation includes for the first time self-avoiding walks, neighbor-avoiding walks, theta, and collapsed chains as particular limiting cases. C1 YAMAGATA UNIV,FAC ENGN,YONEZAWA,YAMAGATA 992,JAPAN. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP NEMIROVSKY, AM (reprint author), UNIV CHICAGO,JAMES FRANCK INST,CHICAGO,IL 60637, USA. NR 52 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0022-4715 J9 J STAT PHYS JI J. Stat. Phys. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 67 IS 5-6 BP 1083 EP 1108 DI 10.1007/BF01049010 PG 26 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA JC176 UT WOS:A1992JC17600007 ER PT J AU MARKS, FD HOUZE, RA GAMACHE, JF AF MARKS, FD HOUZE, RA GAMACHE, JF TI DUAL-AIRCRAFT INVESTIGATION OF THE INNER CORE OF HURRICANE NORBERT .1. KINEMATIC STRUCTURE SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONE MOTION; CONVECTIVE-SCALE CHARACTERISTICS; DOPPLER RADAR OBSERVATIONS; SEA INTERACTION THEORY; MATURE HURRICANES; NUMERICAL-MODEL; VORTEX; FLOW; MESOSCALE; EVOLUTION AB On 24-25 September 1984 air motions and physical processes in the eyewall region of Hurricane Norbert were investigated with two National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Aircraft Operations Center (AOC) WP-3D research aircraft. One aircraft, equipped with the airborne Doppler radar, flew repeated radial penetrations of the eyewall, mapping the three-dimensional wind field throughout a 40-km radius of the storm center. These data provide the first complete documentation of the three-dimensional wind field of the inner core of a hurricane on spatial scales of 10-25 km in the horizontal and 1 km in the vertical and temporal scales of 1-2 h. The wind field was asymmetric, and the asymmetry varied with altitude. As altitude increased the location of the maximum tangential wind sloped upwind, from left of the storm track at 1-km altitude to right of the storm track above 3 km. The radial wind at 1-km altitude was inward in front of the storm and outward behind. This pattern in the radial flow reversed above 3-km altitude, with inflow at the rear of the storm and outflow in the front. The maximum vertical velocity was located to the left of the storm track at all levels. This maximum sloped downwind, increasing in altitude from 2 km in front of and to the left of the track to 8 km behind and to the right of the track. To investigate the nature of the wind field asymmetry, the horizontal wind components were partitioned into a horizontal mean wind, varying with altitude and a perturbation wind. The cylindrical nature of the wind field permitted further partitioning of the perturbation wind into the mean vortex and a perturbation from the mean vortex. The mean wind derived from the partitioning agreed with synoptic analyses and was consistent with past studies-lying about 20-degrees to the right of the storm motion. The symmetric vortex structure was consistent with past studies when it is taken into consideration that Norbert was a weakening storm. The asymmetric perturbation field had a distinct signature at both lower and upper levels. At 1 km, the asymmetric perturbation had the form of a source-sink field. The source and sink points were at the radius of maximum wind with the convergent sink on the leading, inflow side of the vortex and the divergent source on the trailing, outflow side of the vortex. At 3 km and higher, the asymmetric wind fields had the character of a vortex couplet with cyclonic and anticyclonic gyres in the right-front and left-rear quadrants of the storm, respectively, and stagnation points at the radius of maximum wind on the upwind, trailing and downwind, leading side of the storm. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON, DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. RP NOAA, ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB, DIV HURRICANE RES, 4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA. RI Marks, Frank/A-5733-2011; Gamache, John/A-9702-2014 OI Marks, Frank/0000-0003-0371-5514; Gamache, John/0000-0001-5624-0378 NR 38 TC 178 Z9 188 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUN 1 PY 1992 VL 49 IS 11 BP 919 EP 942 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1992)049<0919:DAIOTI>2.0.CO;2 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HV477 UT WOS:A1992HV47700003 ER PT J AU HOUZE, RA MARKS, FD BLACK, RA AF HOUZE, RA MARKS, FD BLACK, RA TI DUAL-AIRCRAFT INVESTIGATION OF THE INNER CORE OF HURRICANE NORBERT .2. MESOSCALE DISTRIBUTION OF ICE PARTICLES SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER RADAR OBSERVATIONS AB Horizontal fields of cloud microphysical parameters, vertical air motion, and horizontal wind at the 6-km level in Hurricane Norbert (1984) were obtained by mapping and interpolating data collected on board a WP-3D aircraft along numerous flight tracks executed within the central region of the storm. Although the storm was characterized by a strong vortex of winds reaching peak values > 50 m s-1 all around the storm, the precipitation was concentrated on the southwest side of the storm. A sloping eyewall was located within 20 to 30 km of the eye. Stratiform precipitation dominated the region outside the eyewall. A 25-km-wide band of maximum stratiform precipitation was centered 60-70 km southwest of the storm center. The ice particles at flight level tended to be relatively large both in the eyewall and in the outer band of stratiform precipitation. Particles were smaller and more numerous (100-300 L-1) in the zone between the eyewall and outer stratiform band. These particles occurred on the outside edges of the eyewall convective updrafts, indicating that they may have been produced by splintering in association with graupel formation in the updrafts. The large particles in the eyewall tended to be graupel. In the outer stratiform region, characterized by weak, average vertical air motion and an absence of strong convective drafts, the predominant particle type was aggregates. The region of large graupel particles in the eyewall coincided with the radius of maximum tangential wind and was apparently produced by the azimuthal advection of the graupel particles. Since graupel particles fall rapidly, they were not susceptible to advection out of the eyewall region by the weaker radial wind component. On the other hand, some of the more slowly falling, less dense aggregates produced in the eyewall region were evidently advected radially as well as azimuthally, thus accounting for the location of the outer region of maximum stratiform precipitation intensity. C1 NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,DIV HURRICANE RES,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RI Marks, Frank/A-5733-2011; Black, Robert/C-9617-2009 OI Marks, Frank/0000-0003-0371-5514; Black, Robert/0000-0001-6938-125X NR 11 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUN 1 PY 1992 VL 49 IS 11 BP 943 EP 962 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1992)049<0943:DAIOTI>2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HV477 UT WOS:A1992HV47700004 ER PT J AU BAKER, JD FOWLER, CW AF BAKER, JD FOWLER, CW TI PUP WEIGHT AND SURVIVAL OF NORTHERN FUR SEALS CALLORHINUS-URSINUS SO JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARENTAL INVESTMENT; MATERNAL INVESTMENT; HALICHOERUS-GRYPUS; GREY SEAL; MORTALITY; GROWTH; LIFE; BIRTH AB The relationship between northern fur seal pup weight and post-weaning survival is examined. Males that survived at least two years after weaning had been significantly heavier than the mean for their cohort as pups. Among a small sample of females no significant relationship was found. Cohort survival from weaning to age two was not significantly correlated with mean pup weight. Pup weight may influence post-weaning survival less than other factors such as gender and variability of the environment. To the degree that it determines survival, pup weight may reflect the reproductive success or fitness of parents. Weight differences between tagged and untagged pups explain, in part, differences observed in their survival. RP NOAA, ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR, NATL MARINE MAMMAL LAB, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA. NR 42 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0952-8369 EI 1469-7998 J9 J ZOOL JI J. Zool. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 227 BP 231 EP 238 PN 2 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA JA078 UT WOS:A1992JA07800005 ER PT J AU EZER, T KO, DS MELLOR, GL AF EZER, T KO, DS MELLOR, GL TI MODELING AND FORECASTING THE GULF-STREAM SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID OCEAN; ASSIMILATION; CIRCULATION; SIMULATION; SYSTEM AB Numerical simulations are performed to evaluate the forecast skill of a model of the Gulf Stream system. The model is a high resolution (eddy resolving) coastal ocean model, which includes thermohaline dynamics and a turbulence scheme to provide vertical mixing coefficients. In a series of forecast experiments, the model is initialized with synoptic temperature and salinity fields obtained from satellite observations and the U.S. Navy's Optimum Interpolation System (OTIS). It then calculates the forecast fields (e.g., temperature, salinity, and sea surface height) for the next two weeks. In the three cases presented here, the model forecast gave a better estimate of the ocean than did persistence (i.e., the assumption of no change), showing a forecast skill for at least two weeks. Sensitivity studies demonstrate the effects of vertical grid resolution, horizontal diffusion, and smoothing on the forecast skill of the model when compared to OTIS fields. The forecast skill is improved when the vertical grid is refined and when smoothing or horizontal diffusion is large enough to remove small-scale spatial variations from the forecast fields; such variations are missing from the smoothed OTIS fields but may exist in the real ocean. The study shows that numerical models can be used to aid commercial and navy operations in forecasting oceanic fields; nevertheless, there are still deficiencies in numerical models and difficulties in quantitative evaluation of the forecast skill of ocean models due to the sparse coverage of oceanic measurements. C1 INST NAVAL OCEANOG,BAY ST LOUIS,MS. RP EZER, T (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,PROGRAM ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI,PRINCETON,NJ 08544, USA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA C/O I CLAYION MATTHEWS, 1828 L ST, NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD SUM PY 1992 VL 26 IS 2 BP 5 EP 14 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA JJ389 UT WOS:A1992JJ38900002 ER PT J AU NGUYEN, T AF NGUYEN, T TI THERMAL-WAVE MICROSCOPY IN CORROSION STUDIES SO MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LA English DT Article RP NGUYEN, T (reprint author), NIST,BLDG 226,ROOM B348,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 1044-5803 J9 MATER CHARACT JI Mater. Charact. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 28 IS 4 BP 291 EP 309 DI 10.1016/1044-5803(92)90018-D PG 19 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA HY160 UT WOS:A1992HY16000004 ER PT J AU WATTERS, RL KOCH, WF AF WATTERS, RL KOCH, WF TI THE USE OF STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS IN SPECTROMETRIC AND ELECTROANALYTICAL QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAMS SO MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH ITALO - HUNGARIAN SYMP ON SPECTROCHEMISTRY : QUALITY CONTROL AND ASSURANCE IN LIFE SCIENCES CY SEP 09-13, 1991 CL PISA, ITALY SP IST SUPER SANITA ROME, IST CHIM ANAL STRUMENTALE, CNR PISA, EOTVOS LORAND TUDOMANYEGYETEM BUDAPEST, COMUNE PISA ID EMISSION RP WATTERS, RL (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0026-265X J9 MICROCHEM J JI Microchem J. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 45 IS 3 BP 282 EP 290 DI 10.1016/0026-265X(92)90086-I PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA JJ393 UT WOS:A1992JJ39300006 ER PT J AU DUNN, LB AF DUNN, LB TI EVIDENCE OF ASCENT IN A SLOPED BARRIER JET AND AN ASSOCIATED HEAVY-SNOW BAND SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE AB Doppler radar data are used to identify alongstream slope of a barrier jet running parallel to the east slope of the Front Range of the Colorado Rockies. The barrier jet was collocated with a narrow band of heavy snow embedded within a larger area of light-to-moderate snow. The conditions responsible for the formation of the barrier jet are shown to be a sloped inversion associated with a recent cold-frontal passage. This resulted in a situation similar to those observed in cases of cold-air damming. The slope of the barrier jet indicates ascent of air parcels in the jet of 0.18 m s-1, and this vertical motion is proposed as the mechanism for the heavy-snow band observed in the radar data. This is in contrast to conceptual models associated with cold-air damming that depict enhanced precipitation due to ascent of air above the sloped inversion. RP DUNN, LB (reprint author), NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,W REG,DIV SCI SERV,FED BLDG,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84117, USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 120 IS 6 BP 914 EP 924 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<0914:EOAIAS>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HW270 UT WOS:A1992HW27000002 ER PT J AU BLACK, ML WILLOUGHBY, HE AF BLACK, ML WILLOUGHBY, HE TI THE CONCENTRIC EYEWALL CYCLE OF HURRICANE GILBERT SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONES; EVOLUTION AB Hurricane Gilbert of 1988 formed an outer eyewall as it intensified rapidly toward a record minimum pressure of 888 hPa in the western Caribbean. The outer eyewall strengthened and contracted, while the inner eyewall showed some signs of weakening before landfall on the Yucatan Peninsula. Remarkably, both eyewalls survived passage over land, but the storm was much weaker when it entered the Gulf of Mexico. Although the primary cause of weakening was passage over land, the effect of the contracting outer eyewall may have contributed. Later, the outer eyewall completely replaced the inner eyewall. Subsequently, it contracted steadily but slowly as Gilbert maintained nearly constant intensity over the cooler waters of the Gulf before final landfall on the mainland of Mexico. RP BLACK, ML (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,DIV HURRICANE RES,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. RI Black, Michael/C-3250-2014 OI Black, Michael/0000-0001-9528-2888 NR 15 TC 82 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 120 IS 6 BP 947 EP 957 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<0947:TCECOH>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HW270 UT WOS:A1992HW27000004 ER PT J AU WU, GX LAU, NC AF WU, GX LAU, NC TI A GCM SIMULATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TROPICAL-STORM FORMATION AND ENSO SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; NINO SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; SEASONAL HURRICANE FREQUENCY; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; 40-50 DAY OSCILLATION; EL-NINO; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; CYCLONE ACTIVITY; METEOROLOGICAL ASPECTS; NORTHWEST PACIFIC AB A low-resolution Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) general circulation model has been integrated for 15 years. In the course of this experiment, the observed month-to-month sea surface temperature (SST) variations in the tropical Pacific Ocean were incorporated in the lower boundary condition. The output from this model run was used to investigate the influence of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events on the variability of tropical-storm formation. Criteria for detecting tropical cyclogenesis and tropical-storm formation were developed for the model. Tropical storms appearing in the model atmosphere exhibit many typhoonlike characteristics: strong cyclonic vorticity and convergence in the lower troposphere, strong anticyclonic vorticity and divergence near the tropopause, and intense precipitation. It is demonstrated that, despite its coarse resolution, the model is capable of reproducing the observed geographical distribution and seasonal variation of tropical-storm formation. The relationship between simulated tropical-storm formation and ENSO was explored using correlation statistics, composite fields for the warm and cold phases of ENSO, and individual case studies. Significant correlations were found between eastern equatorial Pacific SST anomalies and tropical-storm formation over the western North Pacific, western South Pacific, and western North Atlantic. In these areas, below-normal frequency of tropical-storm formation was simulated in warm El Nino years, whereas more tropical storms occurred in La Nina years. The correlation between tropical-storm formation and equatorial SST changes is particularly high for fluctuations on time scales of less than 3-4 years. During the boreal summer months (June-October), there exists a seesaw in the frequency of tropical-storm formation between western and central North Pacific: while more tropical storms were generated over western North Pacific during La Nina years, less tropical storms were detected over central North Pacific. The reverse situation prevails in El Nino years. Over the Indian Ocean, the relationship between storm formation and ENSO exhibits a seasonal dependence. C1 PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,POB 308,PRINCETON,NJ 08542. PRINCETON UNIV,PROGRAM ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. NR 51 TC 105 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 120 IS 6 BP 958 EP 977 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<0958:AGSOTR>2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HW270 UT WOS:A1992HW27000005 ER PT J AU SCHUBERT, S SUAREZ, M SCHEMM, JK EPSTEIN, E AF SCHUBERT, S SUAREZ, M SCHEMM, JK EPSTEIN, E TI DYNAMICALLY STRATIFIED MONTE-CARLO FORECASTING SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Note ID AVERAGE AB A new method for performing Monte Carlo forecasts is introduced. The method, called dynamic stratification, selects initial perturbations based on a stratification of the error distribution. A simple implementation is presented in which the error distribution used for the stratification is estimated from a linear model derived from a large ensemble of 12-h forecasts with the full dynamical model. The stratification thus obtained is used to choose a small subsample of initial states with which to perform the dynamical Monte Carlo forecasts. Several test cases are studied using a simple two-level general circulation model (GCM) with uncertain initial conditions. It is found that the method provides substantial reductions in the sampling error of the forecast mean and variance when compared to the more traditional approach of choosing the initial perturbations at random. The degree of improvement, however, is sensitive to the nature of the initial error distribution and to the base state. In practice the method may be viable only if the computational burden involved in obtaining an adequate estimate of the error distribution is shared with the data-assimilation procedure. C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GEN SC CORP,GREENBELT,MD 20771. NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,CTR CLIMATE ANAL,CAMP SPRINGS,MD. RP SCHUBERT, S (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,ATMOSPHERES LAB,DATA ASSIMILAT OFF,CODE 9103,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 120 IS 6 BP 1077 EP 1088 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<1077:DSMCF>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HW270 UT WOS:A1992HW27000011 ER PT J AU NAUS, DJ KEENEYWALKER, J BASS, RB FIELDS, RJ DEWIT, R LOW, SR AF NAUS, DJ KEENEYWALKER, J BASS, RB FIELDS, RJ DEWIT, R LOW, SR TI WIDE-PLATE CRACK-ARREST TESTS UTILIZING PROTOTYPICAL AND DEGRADED (SIMULATED) PRESSURE-VESSEL STEELS SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Note AB Sixteen wide-plate crack-arrest tests have been completed, ten utilizing specimens fabricated from A533B class 1 material and six fabricated from a low-upper-shelf base material. Each test utilized a single-edge notched specimen that was subjected to a linear thermal gradient along the plane of crack propagation. Test results exhibit an increase in crack-arrest toughness (K(Ia)) with temperature, with the rate of increase becoming greater as the temperature increases. When the wide-plate test results are compared with other large-specimen results, the data show a consistent trend in which the K(Ia) data extend above the limit provided in ASME Section XI. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD. RP NAUS, DJ (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,CONCRETE TECHNOL PROGRAM,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 135 IS 2 BP 197 EP 205 DI 10.1016/0029-5493(92)90222-H PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA JH420 UT WOS:A1992JH42000008 ER PT J AU BIRGENEAU, RJ BELK, N ENDOH, Y ERWIN, RW KASTNER, MA KEIMER, B SHIRANE, G AF BIRGENEAU, RJ BELK, N ENDOH, Y ERWIN, RW KASTNER, MA KEIMER, B SHIRANE, G TI STATIC AND DYNAMIC SPIN FLUCTUATIONS IN THE SPIN-GLASS DOPING REGIME IN LA2-XSRXCUO4+DELTA SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL CONF ON NEUTRON SCATTERING ( ICNS 91 ) CY AUG 27-30, 1991 CL OXFORD, ENGLAND SP UK SCI & ENGN RES COUNCIL, COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES ID INSULATOR-METAL TRANSITION; CONDUCTIVITY; EXCITATIONS; DEPENDENCE; LA2CUO4+Y AB We review the results of neutron scattering studies of the static and dynamic spin fluctuations in crystals ot La2-xSrxCuO4+delta in the doping regime intermediate between the Neel and superconducting regions. In this regime thc in-plane resistance is linear in temperature down to approximately 80 K with a crossover due to logarithmic conductance effects at lower temperatures. The static spin correlations are well described by a simple model in which the inverse correlation length kappa(x, T) = kappa(x, 0) + kappa(0, T). The most dramatic new result is the discovery by Keimer et al. that the dynamic spin fluctuations exhibit a temperature dependence which is a simple function of omega/T for temperatures 10 K less-than-or-equal-to T less-than-or-equal-to 500 K for a wide range of energies. This scaling leads to a natural explanation of a variety of normal state properties of the copper oxides. C1 TOHOKU UNIV,DEPT PHYS,SENDAI,MIYAGI 980,JAPAN. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. RP BIRGENEAU, RJ (reprint author), MIT,DEPT PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139, USA. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JUN PY 1992 VL 180 BP 15 EP 20 DI 10.1016/0921-4526(92)90647-B PN A PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA JD723 UT WOS:A1992JD72300004 ER PT J AU KLOSOWSKI, P GIEBULTOWICZ, TM SAMARTH, N LUO, H FURDYNA, JK RHYNE, JJ AF KLOSOWSKI, P GIEBULTOWICZ, TM SAMARTH, N LUO, H FURDYNA, JK RHYNE, JJ TI INVESTIGATION OF ZNMNTE WEAKLY DILUTED FCC MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTOR SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL CONF ON NEUTRON SCATTERING ( ICNS 91 ) CY AUG 27-30, 1991 CL OXFORD, ENGLAND SP UK SCI & ENGN RES COUNCIL, COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; CD1-XMNXTE; ZN1-XMNXTE; EXCHANGE AB We report neutron diffraction studies of Zn1-xMnxTe epitaxial layers for x = 0.71, 0.84, 0.94 and 1 (pure MnTe). Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) was used to grow the crystals on a GaAs (1 0 0) surface, resulting in zinc blende (ZB) crystallographic structure of the epilayers for all compositions. The film thicknesses were in the micrometer range, and could be characterized as bulk-like in terms of the strain and magnetic properties. The quality of the crystal was remarkably good, giving an indication that the NiAs form of MnTe grown by conventional techniques may be metastable at room temperature. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV MISSOURI,RES REACTOR,COLUMBIA,MO 65201. RP KLOSOWSKI, P (reprint author), UNIV NOTRE DAME,NOTRE DAME,IN 46556, USA. RI Samarth, Nitin/C-4475-2014 OI Samarth, Nitin/0000-0003-2599-346X NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JUN PY 1992 VL 180 BP 114 EP 116 DI 10.1016/0921-4526(92)90677-K PN A PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA JD723 UT WOS:A1992JD72300034 ER PT J AU LYNN, JW ROSOV, N LIN, Q LEE, CH FISH, G AF LYNN, JW ROSOV, N LIN, Q LEE, CH FISH, G TI POLARIZATION ANALYSIS OF THE MAGNETIC EXCITATIONS IN INVAR FE86B14 SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL CONF ON NEUTRON SCATTERING ( ICNS 91 ) CY AUG 27-30, 1991 CL OXFORD, ENGLAND SP UK SCI & ENGN RES COUNCIL, COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES AB Triple-axis polarized inelastic neutron scattering experiments have been carried out on the amorphous ferromagnet Fe86B14 to separate the longitudinal fluctuations from the transverse (spin wave) excitations. The data suggest that longitudinal excitations exist not only in the vicinity of T(c), but substantially below the ordering temperature as well. The existence of these "hidden" excitations may well explain the "Invar anomaly". C1 KOREA ADV ENERGY INST,TAEJON 302305,SOUTH KOREA. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT PHYS,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. ALLIED SIGNAL INC,CORP RES,MORRISTOWN,NJ 07962. CHINESE ACAD SCI,BEIJING INST PHYS,BEIJING 100080,PEOPLES R CHINA. RP LYNN, JW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JUN PY 1992 VL 180 BP 253 EP 255 DI 10.1016/0921-4526(92)90725-8 PN A PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA JD723 UT WOS:A1992JD72300082 ER PT J AU RODMACQ, B MANGIN, P HENNION, M ERWIN, RW AF RODMACQ, B MANGIN, P HENNION, M ERWIN, RW TI NEUTRON-SCATTERING EVIDENCE FOR ANTIFERROMAGNETIC COUPLING IN AG/NI SUPERLATTICES SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL CONF ON NEUTRON SCATTERING ( ICNS 91 ) CY AUG 27-30, 1991 CL OXFORD, ENGLAND SP UK SCI & ENGN RES COUNCIL, COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES AB Low angle neutron scattering experiments performed on Ag/Ni superlattices show the appearance of a low angle peak attributed to the doubling of the chemical period, as a consequence of the antiferromagnetic coupling of the magnetic moments in adjacent nickel layers. This is confirmed by polarized neutron experiments. The variation of the intensity of this peak with temperature is in accordance with a classical model of antiferromagnetism. C1 UNIV NANCY 1,PHYS SOLIDE LAB,F-54506 VANDOEUVRE NANCY,FRANCE. CENS,LLB,F-91190 GIF SUR YVETTE,FRANCE. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP RODMACQ, B (reprint author), CEN,DFRMC,SP2M,MET PHYS LAB,85X,F-38041 GRENOBLE,FRANCE. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JUN PY 1992 VL 180 BP 477 EP 479 DI 10.1016/0921-4526(92)90797-V PN A PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA JD723 UT WOS:A1992JD72300154 ER PT J AU GIEBULTOWICZ, TM KLOSOWSKI, P RHYNE, JJ SAMARTH, N HONG, L FURDYNA, JK AF GIEBULTOWICZ, TM KLOSOWSKI, P RHYNE, JJ SAMARTH, N HONG, L FURDYNA, JK TI INCOMMENSURATE ANTIFERROMAGNETIC ORDER IN STRAINED LAYER MNSE/ZNTE SUPERLATTICES SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL CONF ON NEUTRON SCATTERING ( ICNS 91 ) CY AUG 27-30, 1991 CL OXFORD, ENGLAND SP UK SCI & ENGN RES COUNCIL, COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES ID SPIN-GLASSES; DISORDER AB Neutron diffraction data from MnSe/ZnTe, a MBE-grown superlattice system containing zinc-blende (ZB) MnSe layers subjected to a considerable tensile stress, indicate the formation of an incommensurate helical AF structure which is clearly different from the Type III FCC AF order seen in unstrained ZB Mn chalcogenides, and in MnSe/ZnSe and MnTe/ZnTe superlattices with compressive strain. Energy considerations show that such an arrangement results from strain-induced anisotropy in the nearest-neighbor exchange. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV MISSOURI,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP GIEBULTOWICZ, TM (reprint author), UNIV NOTRE DAME,NOTRE DAME,IN 46556, USA. RI Samarth, Nitin/C-4475-2014 OI Samarth, Nitin/0000-0003-2599-346X NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JUN PY 1992 VL 180 BP 485 EP 488 DI 10.1016/0921-4526(92)90800-8 PN A PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA JD723 UT WOS:A1992JD72300157 ER PT J AU ELSENHANS, O BUHRER, W ANDERSON, I NICOL, J UDOVIC, T RIEUTORD, F FELSCHE, J SIEGER, P ENGELHARDT, G AF ELSENHANS, O BUHRER, W ANDERSON, I NICOL, J UDOVIC, T RIEUTORD, F FELSCHE, J SIEGER, P ENGELHARDT, G TI DYNAMICS OF OH AND H2O GROUPS IN SODALITES SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL CONF ON NEUTRON SCATTERING ( ICNS 91 ) CY AUG 27-30, 1991 CL OXFORD, ENGLAND ID DIFFRACTION AB Hydrated and deuterated hydroxy-sodalites have been investigated by elastic, quasielastic and inelastic neutron scattering. The dynamics can clearly be separated into vibrational and diffusional components of rather different time scales. The apparently similar compounds show a wide variation in behavior. C1 ETH ZENTRUM,LABOR NEUTRONENSTREUUNG,CH-5232 VILLIGEN,SWITZERLAND. PAUL SCHERRER INST,CH-5232 VILIGEN PSI,SWITZERLAND. INST LAUE LANGEVIN,F-38000 GRENOBLE,FRANCE. UNIV MARYLAND,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. UNIV CONSTANCE,FAK CHEM,W-7750 CONSTANCE,GERMANY. RP ELSENHANS, O (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JUN PY 1992 VL 180 BP 661 EP 664 DI 10.1016/0921-4526(92)90427-T PN B PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA JD727 UT WOS:A1992JD72700030 ER PT J AU COPLEY, JRD NEUMANN, DA CAPPELLETTI, RL KAMITAKAHARA, WA PRINCE, E COUSTEL, N MCCAULEY, JP MALISZEWSKYJ, NC FISCHER, JE SMITH, AB CREEGAN, KM COX, DM AF COPLEY, JRD NEUMANN, DA CAPPELLETTI, RL KAMITAKAHARA, WA PRINCE, E COUSTEL, N MCCAULEY, JP MALISZEWSKYJ, NC FISCHER, JE SMITH, AB CREEGAN, KM COX, DM TI STRUCTURE AND LOW-ENERGY DYNAMICS OF SOLID C-60 SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL CONF ON NEUTRON SCATTERING ( ICNS 91 ) CY AUG 27-30, 1991 CL OXFORD, ENGLAND ID ORIENTATIONAL ORDERING TRANSITION; C60 AB A simple model explains both the Bragg peaks and the diffuse scattering observed in neutron diffraction measurements on solid C60 at 295 and 14 K. Neutron inelastic scattering measurements reveal dynamic orientational disorder above the order-disorder transition temperature. An analysis of the diffraction results shows that significant disorder remains at 14 K. C1 UNIV PENN,RES STRUCT MATTER LAB,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. EXXON RES & ENGN CO,ANNANDALE,NJ 08801. OHIO UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,ATHENS,OH 45701. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT PHYS,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP COPLEY, JRD (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 6 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JUN PY 1992 VL 180 BP 706 EP 708 DI 10.1016/0921-4526(92)90441-T PN B PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA JD727 UT WOS:A1992JD72700044 ER PT J AU KAMITAKAHARA, WA LANNIN, JS CAPPELLETTI, RL COPLEY, JRD LI, F AF KAMITAKAHARA, WA LANNIN, JS CAPPELLETTI, RL COPLEY, JRD LI, F TI VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY OF C-60 AND GRAPHITIC CARBONS SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL CONF ON NEUTRON SCATTERING ( ICNS 91 ) CY AUG 27-30, 1991 CL OXFORD, ENGLAND ID MODES; C60; BUCKMINSTERFULLERENE; SPECTRA AB The dynamical properties of several carbons, including solid C60, have been investigated by neutron scattering. The vibrational density of states for glassy carbon (which is actually nanocrystalline) is a slightly broadened form of that of graphite. The overall structures of the spectra are similar for C60, graphite, and glassy carbon. C1 OHIO UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,ATHENS,OH 45701. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,UNIV PK,PA 16802. RP KAMITAKAHARA, WA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JUN PY 1992 VL 180 BP 709 EP 710 DI 10.1016/0921-4526(92)90442-U PN B PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA JD727 UT WOS:A1992JD72700045 ER PT J AU COPLEY, JRD AF COPLEY, JRD TI A NEW TIME-OF-FLIGHT SPECTROMETER AT NIST SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL CONF ON NEUTRON SCATTERING ( ICNS 91 ) CY AUG 27-30, 1991 CL OXFORD, ENGLAND ID NEUTRON GUIDE AB A highly versatile time-of-flight spectrometer is to be installed at NIST. Seven disk choppers and a channeled guide will produce clean beams of optimum intensity, with a choice of three energy resolution widths at a given wavelength. The approximate wavelength range will be 0.2-1.2 nm (2-12 angstrom). RP COPLEY, JRD (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 4 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JUN PY 1992 VL 180 BP 914 EP 916 DI 10.1016/0921-4526(92)90507-O PN B PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA JD727 UT WOS:A1992JD72700110 ER PT J AU ROSOV, N LYNN, JW ERWIN, RW AF ROSOV, N LYNN, JW ERWIN, RW TI RESOLUTION CONSIDERATIONS FOR POLARIZED TRIPLE-AXIS SPECTROMETRY SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL CONF ON NEUTRON SCATTERING ( ICNS 91 ) CY AUG 27-30, 1991 CL OXFORD, ENGLAND AB It is well known that the cross-sections for triple-axis polarized beam spectroscopy depend on the relative orientation of the neutron polarization P and the momentum transfer Q. This orientational dependence of the cross-sections can give rise to large resolution effects when the direction of Q varies substantially over the resolution function, which is often the case with polarized beam measurements because relaxed resolution is frequently employed to compensate for reduced intensities. This is also true when measurements are made at small wave vectors, as is necessary for amorphous materials. We find that the positions of excitations can be shifted significantly, and the intensities can deviate by a factor of two or more from the ideal case. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT PHYS,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP ROSOV, N (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JUN PY 1992 VL 180 BP 1003 EP 1004 DI 10.1016/0921-4526(92)90534-Y PN B PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA JD727 UT WOS:A1992JD72700137 ER PT J AU CHAILLOUT, C HUANG, Q CAVA, RJ CHENAVAS, J SANTORO, A BORDET, P HODEAU, JL KRAJEWSKI, JJ LEVY, JP MAREZIO, M PECK, WF AF CHAILLOUT, C HUANG, Q CAVA, RJ CHENAVAS, J SANTORO, A BORDET, P HODEAU, JL KRAJEWSKI, JJ LEVY, JP MAREZIO, M PECK, WF TI SYNTHESIS AND CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE OF BASRCUO2+X-BULLET-CO3 SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article AB A new oxycarbonate BaSrCuO2.22.CO3 has been synthesised by heat treating a mixture of Ba(OH)2.8H2O, SrCO3, and CuO at 820-degrees-C in O2 for 60-70 h. The structural analysis was based on powder X-rav and neutron diffraction data. The compound was found to be tetragonal, a = 5.5899(2), c= 7.7153(3) angstrom. The structure can be described in the P4/mbm space group with 2 formulae per unit cell. The structural refinement was carried out by the Rietveld method. The atoms are in the following positions: Ba (0, 0, 0.2115), Sr (0, 0, 0.2423), Cu (0.5, 0, 0), C (0.5, 0, 0.5), O(1) (0.3434, 0.8434, 0.4553), O(2) (0.2509, 0.7509, 0.0187), O(3) (0.4672, 0.9672, 0.3286), O(4) (0.4140, 0.9140, 0.3771 ). The large cations are not long-range ordered. however: since the oxygen arrangement around them must be different, most of the atoms are highly disordered. The structure contains the following sequence along the c-axis: CuO2, Ba (or Sr) O, CO(x), Sr (or Ba) O, CuO2. The Cu cations have a square coordination with a fifth oxygen at 2.549 angstrom. The Ba and Sr cations are surrounded by ten atoms: 2 O(1), 4 O(2), and 4 O(3) (or O(4)). The C cations are three-coordinated for x = 0, a fourth oxygen atom occupies the empty O(1) positions and in this case the C cation are squarely coordinated. Because of the disorder between the Ba and the Sr cation, most of the anion positions are found to be split over two positions. The valence sum calculations allows one to propose different models for local ordering. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. AT&T BELL LABS,MURRAY HILL,NJ 07974. RP CHAILLOUT, C (reprint author), UNIV JOSEPH FOURIER,CRISTALLOG LAB,CNRS,BP 166,F-38042 GRENOBLE 09,FRANCE. RI Bougerol, Catherine/M-6980-2015 OI Bougerol, Catherine/0000-0002-4823-0919 NR 8 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD JUN 1 PY 1992 VL 195 IS 3-4 BP 335 EP 344 DI 10.1016/0921-4534(92)90358-J PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA HZ233 UT WOS:A1992HZ23300016 ER PT J AU SLONIM, VZ AF SLONIM, VZ TI FREQUENCY-DEPENDENCE OF PONDEROMOTIVE SHIFTS IN STRONG-FIELD PHOTODETACHMENT SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article AB The nonlinear two-color photodetachment of a negative ion is considered for two limits: rapid and adiabatic time dependence of the field. It is shown that the resulting ponderomotive shift depends strongly on an adiabatic parameter and can be observed only for the "rapid" limit. In the opposite "adiabatic" limit, the spectrum of detached electron energies can be represented by a "smooth" function without any ponderomotive shift. The results of the model are in qualitative agreement with recent experimental studies of the two-color photodetachment of Cl-. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP SLONIM, VZ (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN 1 PY 1992 VL 45 IS 11 BP 8034 EP 8036 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.45.8034 PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA HX677 UT WOS:A1992HX67700051 ER PT J AU UDOVIC, TJ RUSH, JJ BERK, NF ANDERSON, IS AF UDOVIC, TJ RUSH, JJ BERK, NF ANDERSON, IS TI EVIDENCE OF MODE SPLITTING FOR C-AXIS-POLARIZED HYDROGEN VIBRATIONS IN ALPHA-SCH0.34 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Note ID ALPHA-SCDX SYSTEMS; SOLID-SOLUTIONS; DEUTERIUM; YTTRIUM; LOCATION; SCANDIUM; RANGE; LUDX AB The vibrational spectra of tetrahedrally bound hydrogen in polycrystalline alpha-ScH0.34 have been measured using incoherent-inelastic-neutron-scattering methods. Low-resolution spectra locate the c-axis- and basal-plane-polarized normal-mode energies at 103.5 and 147.5 meV, respectively. A high-resolution measurement of the broad c-axis vibration peak exhibits evidence of a hydrogen-mode splitting, unlike previous spectroscopic results for alpha-ScH(x) (x less-than-or-equal-to 0.25). This suggests that the low-temperature, short-range ordering of Sc-bridged hydrogen pairs along the c axis is more fully developed near the alpha/beta-phase boundary than at lower hydrogen concentrations, which is generally consistent with behavior found previously for alpha-YH(x). As at lower hydrogen concentrations, however, the broader peaks for alpha-ScH0.34 indicate less extended order than in alpha-YH(x). C1 PAUL SCHERRER INST,CH-5232 VILLIGEN PSI,SWITZERLAND. RP UDOVIC, TJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 1 PY 1992 VL 45 IS 21 BP 12573 EP 12576 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.45.12573 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA HX378 UT WOS:A1992HX37800048 ER PT J AU SAUNDERS, BV MURRAY, BT MCFADDEN, GB CORIELL, SR WHEELER, AA AF SAUNDERS, BV MURRAY, BT MCFADDEN, GB CORIELL, SR WHEELER, AA TI THE EFFECT OF GRAVITY MODULATION ON THERMOSOLUTAL CONVECTION IN AN INFINITE LAYER OF FLUID SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS A-FLUID DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-DIFFUSIVE CONVECTION; DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION; SOLUTAL CONVECTION; BINARY ALLOY; MORPHOLOGICAL INSTABILITY; STABILITY; FLOWS AB The effect of time-periodic vertical gravity modulation on the onset of thermosolutal convection in an infinite horizontal layer with stress-free boundaries is investigated using Floquet theory for the linear stability analysis. Situations for which the fluid layer is stably stratified in either the fingering or diffusive regimes of double-diffusive convection are considered. Results are presented both with and without steady background acceleration. Modulation may stabilize an unstable base solution or destabilize a stable base solution. In addition to synchronous and subharmonic response to the modulation frequency, instability in the double-diffusive system can occur via a complex conjugate mode. In the diffusive regime, where oscillatory onset occurs in the unmodulated system, regions of resonant instability occur and exhibit strong coupling with the unmodulated oscillatory frequency. The response to modulation of the fundamental instability of the unmodulated system is described both analytically and numerically; in the double-diffusive system this mode persists under subcritical conditions as a high-frequency lobe. C1 UNIV BRISTOL,SCH MATH,BRISTOL BS8 1TW,AVON,ENGLAND. RP SAUNDERS, BV (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI McFadden, Geoffrey/A-7920-2008 OI McFadden, Geoffrey/0000-0001-6723-2103 NR 35 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0899-8213 J9 PHYS FLUIDS A-FLUID PD JUN PY 1992 VL 4 IS 6 BP 1176 EP 1189 DI 10.1063/1.858236 PG 14 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA HU800 UT WOS:A1992HU80000010 ER PT J AU SQUIRES, D AF SQUIRES, D TI PRODUCTIVITY-MEASUREMENT IN COMMON PROPERTY RESOURCE INDUSTRIES - AN APPLICATION TO THE PACIFIC COAST TRAWL FISHERY SO RAND JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID TEMPORARY EQUILIBRIUM; CAPACITY UTILIZATION AB This article measures total factor productivity in industries that exploit resources held in common. Particular attention is paid to the valuation and specification of in situ common-property resources in a neoclassical production technology, catchability of the resource, and variations in economic capacity utilization. An empirical analysis of the open-access Pacific coast trawl fishing industry demonstrates that disentangling the productivity residual from changes in resource abundance, its catchability, and variations in capacity utilization hones the productivity residual to finer precision, lowering mean productivity growth by about half. Removing biological noise from highly variable resources is also important. The results are related to a program limiting the number of vessels and can contribute to sustainable resource management whenever resources are held in common. RP SQUIRES, D (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,LA JOLLA,CA 92038, USA. NR 32 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU RAND CORP PI LAWRENCE PA RAND J ECON PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0741-6261 J9 RAND J ECON JI Rand J. Econ. PD SUM PY 1992 VL 23 IS 2 BP 221 EP 236 DI 10.2307/2555985 PG 16 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA JC042 UT WOS:A1992JC04200005 ER PT J AU BREWE, DL BOULDIN, CE PEASE, DM BUDNICK, JI TAN, Z AF BREWE, DL BOULDIN, CE PEASE, DM BUDNICK, JI TAN, Z TI SILICON PHOTODIODE DETECTOR FOR A GLANCING-EMERGENCE-ANGLE EXAFS TECHNIQUE SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENCE EXAFS; SAMPLES AB We have constructed a silicon photodiode detector for use with a glancing-emergence-angle (GEA) geometry useful for obtaining fluorescence EXAFS spectra from thick specimens with concentrated absorbing species. We present a description of the detector and the results of tests, including dark-noise tests, EXAFS spectra from a standard sample, and a comparison to an ion chamber also in the GEA configuration. Data obtained from the two detectors are comparable in quality, making the diode detector a preferable choice for this application due to factors such as simplicity of construction and compact size. The diodes also have potential for significant further improvement in the quality of the signal due to their high quantum efficiency if the dark noise can be reduced. We present suggestions for achieving this in future generations of the detector. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV SEMICOND ELECTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV CONNECTICUT,INST MAT SCI,STORRS,CT 06269. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DIV MET,UPTON,NY 11973. RP BREWE, DL (reprint author), UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT PHYS,STORRS,CT 06269, USA. NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 63 IS 6 BP 3298 EP 3302 DI 10.1063/1.1142541 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA HX692 UT WOS:A1992HX69200009 ER PT J AU FORTUNKO, CM PETERSON, GL CHICK, BB RENKEN, MC PREIS, AL AF FORTUNKO, CM PETERSON, GL CHICK, BB RENKEN, MC PREIS, AL TI ABSOLUTE MEASUREMENTS OF ELASTIC-WAVE PHASE AND GROUP VELOCITIES IN LOSSY MATERIALS SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB Traditional methods of determining phase and group velocities are often inadequate for many thick-section materials that exhibit greater than 30 dB, frequency-dependent propagation losses across the passband of the transducer. This article describes a measurement method that addresses this problem. Our method is mechanized as a pulsed, swept-frequency interferometer. The method's accuracy and reliability are enhanced by a combination of circuit-design improvements, which increase the signal-to-noise ratio and linearity, and signal-processing methods, which remove circuit-related measurement errors and compensate for diffraction. First we describe the foundations of our measurement method and its mechanization. Then we describe the signal-processing procedures, used to calibrate the instrumentation and to determine the absolute phase and group velocities. To illustrate the method, we determine the phase velocities in a very lossy, 50-mm-thick, glass/epoxy specimen in the 0.3-1.2-MHz region. C1 RITEC INC,WARWICK,RI 02886. RP FORTUNKO, CM (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MAT RELIABIL,325 S BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 21 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 63 IS 6 BP 3477 EP 3486 DI 10.1063/1.1143752 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA HX692 UT WOS:A1992HX69200036 ER PT J AU TOMIZAWA, M ISHIBASHI, T BENNETT, HS LOWNEY, JR AF TOMIZAWA, M ISHIBASHI, T BENNETT, HS LOWNEY, JR TI EFFECTS OF HEAVY DOPING ON NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF GALLIUM-ARSENIDE BIPOLAR-TRANSISTORS SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR-DEVICE SIMULATION; MINORITY-ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; P-TYPE GAAS; SILICON; FIELD; VELOCITY; PHYSICS AB Using the best available physical models is essential for predictive numerical simulations of advanced, high performance GaAs transistors. Among the many input parameters for numerical simulations, the effective intrinsic carrier concentrations, n(ie), minority carrier mobilities, mu, and recombination lifetimes, tau, are very critical parameters. The results from recent theoretical calculations for n(ie) were implemented into a two-dimensional, drift-diffusion simulator for GaAs transistors. In order to compare predicted and measured d.c. common emitter gains, NPN GaAs homojunction bipolar transistors with different but heavily doped bases and similarly doped emitters that have widths between 0.1 and 0.45-mu-m were fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy. The predicted gains of 8, 25, 46, 72 for these transistors agreed very well with their measured gains of 9, 22, 42 and 70 at high current, respectively. Without using the new theoretical data for n(ie) but setting n(ie) equal everywhere to the intrinsic carrier concentration, n(i), the predicted pins became 4, 14, 27 and 35, respectively. Sensitivity analyses on mobilities, lifetimes, and n(ie) showed that physically correct n(ie) values are quantitatively very important for predictive simulations of GaAs bipolar transistors. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV SEMICOND ELECTR, ELECTR & ELECT ENGN LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP TOMIZAWA, M (reprint author), NIPPON TELEGRAPH & TEL PUBL CORP, LSI LABS, ATSUGI, KANAGAWA 24301, JAPAN. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 EI 1879-2405 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 35 IS 6 BP 865 EP 874 DI 10.1016/0038-1101(92)90289-O PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA HW654 UT WOS:A1992HW65400015 ER PT J AU POWELL, CJ AF POWELL, CJ TI ACTIVITIES OF THE ASTM COMMITTEE E-42 ON SURFACE-ANALYSIS SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT EUROPEAN CONF ON APPLICATIONS OF SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS ( ECASIA 91 ) CY OCT 14-18, 1991 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SP INT UNION VACUUM SCI TECH & APPL, FEDERAT EUROPEAN CHEM SOCIETIES, WORKING PARTY ANAL CHEM, ACAD SCI HUNGARY, DEPT MATH & PHYS SCI, AMER PHYS SOC, MINIST IND HUNGARY, NATL COMM TECHNOL DEV HUNGARY, SCIENTA INTSRUMENTS, FISONS INSTRUMENTS AB The ASTM Committee E42 on Surface Analysis was formed in 1976 to advance the field of surface analysis and the quality of surface analyses through the development of appropriate standards (reference procedures, reference materials and reference data), round robins, symposia, workshops and publications. A major function of the Committee is the development of documentary standards or reference procedures. This article contains a brief summary of Committee activities, with emphasis on the reference procedures that have been published and those that are under development. RP POWELL, CJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV SURFACE & MICROANAL SCI,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0142-2421 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 19 IS 1-12 BP 237 EP 240 DI 10.1002/sia.740190146 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA JD452 UT WOS:A1992JD45200043 ER PT J AU RUMBLE, JR BICKHAM, DM POWELL, CJ AF RUMBLE, JR BICKHAM, DM POWELL, CJ TI THE NIST X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY DATABASE SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT EUROPEAN CONF ON APPLICATIONS OF SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS ( ECASIA 91 ) CY OCT 14-18, 1991 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SP INT UNION VACUUM SCI TECH & APPL, FEDERAT EUROPEAN CHEM SOCIETIES, WORKING PARTY ANAL CHEM, ACAD SCI HUNGARY, DEPT MATH & PHYS SCI, AMER PHYS SOC, MINIST IND HUNGARY, NATL COMM TECHNOL DEV HUNGARY, SCIENTA INTSRUMENTS, FISONS INSTRUMENTS AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has made available the second version of the NIST X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database. This paper reports on recent upgrades to the database to make the information more up-to-date and to make data searching and display more convenient and efficient for the user. Additional data are included in the database together with the capability to search using large chemical synonym lists, chemical formulae and other chemical classification schemes. A list of reference energies is given for the principal photoelectron and Auger electron lines of most of the elements and these values can be used for calculations of chemical shifts. Pull-down menus are now available to initiate searches for the identification of unknown lines more conveniently, to retrieve data on photoelectron lines, Auger electron lines and chemical shifts for a set of elements, to calculate and display chemical shifts, and to calculate and display information for Wagner plots to identify chemical state. In addition, the user can initiate searches based on specified fields of the database. RP RUMBLE, JR (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 8 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0142-2421 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 19 IS 1-12 BP 241 EP 246 DI 10.1002/sia.740190147 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA JD452 UT WOS:A1992JD45200044 ER PT J AU APPELGATE, B GOLDFINGER, C MACKAY, ME KULM, LD FOX, CG EMBLEY, RW MEIS, PJ AF APPELGATE, B GOLDFINGER, C MACKAY, ME KULM, LD FOX, CG EMBLEY, RW MEIS, PJ TI A LEFT-LATERAL STRIKE-SLIP-FAULT SEAWARD OF THE OREGON CONVERGENT MARGIN SO TECTONICS LA English DT Article ID CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; ACCRETIONARY PRISM; SUBDUCTION ZONE; WASHINGTON; CARBONATES AB We have mapped a recently active left-lateral strike-slip fault (the Wecoma fault) on the floor of Cascadia Basin west of the Oregon convergent margin, using SeaMARC I sidescan sonar, Seabeam bathymetry and multichannel seismic and magnetic data. The fault intersects the base of the continental slope at 45-degrees 1O'N and extends northwest (293-degrees) for at least 18.5 km. The fault's western terminus was not identified, and the eastern end of the fault splays apart and disrupts the lower continental slope. The fault extends to the base of the 3.5-km-thick sedimentary section and overlies a basement discontinuity that may be related to movement along the Wecoma fault. Prominent seafloor features crosscut by the fault individually display between 120 and 2500 m of left-lateral separation, allowing the general history of fault motion to be evaluated. The fault's average slip rate since 10-24 ka is inferred to be 5-12 mm/yr, based on the age of an offset submarine channel. Surficial structural relationships, in conjunction with the maximum inferred slip rate, indicate that fault movement initiated at least 210 ka and that the fault has been active during the Holocene. C1 NOAA,HATFIELD MARINE SCI CTR,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,NEWPORT,OR. OREGON STATE UNIV,COLL OCEANOG,DEPT GEOSCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP APPELGATE, B (reprint author), UNIV HAWAII,SCH OCEAN & EARTH SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA. RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611 NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0278-7407 J9 TECTONICS JI Tectonics PD JUN PY 1992 VL 11 IS 3 BP 465 EP 477 DI 10.1029/91TC02906 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA HZ359 UT WOS:A1992HZ35900002 ER PT J AU REISH, DJ OSHIDA, PS MEARNS, AJ GINN, TC AF REISH, DJ OSHIDA, PS MEARNS, AJ GINN, TC TI EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON SALTWATER ORGANISMS SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID LONG-ISLAND SOUND; CHASMAGNATHUS-GRANULATA DECAPODA; TOPSMELT ATHERINOPS-AFFINIS; NEOPLASTIC MYA-ARENARIA; HEAVY-METALS; MERCENARIA-MERCENARIA; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; COASTAL WATERS; MYTILUS-EDULIS; ACUTE TOXICITY C1 US EPA,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. NOAA,SEATTLE,WA 98115. RP REISH, DJ (reprint author), CALIF STATE UNIV LONG BEACH,DEPT BIOL,LONG BEACH,CA 90840, USA. NR 181 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 64 IS 4 BP 599 EP 610 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA JF570 UT WOS:A1992JF57000039 ER PT J AU BAUCK, BH AF BAUCK, BH TI AN UNUSUALLY STRONG GRAVITY-WAVE OVER WESTERN WASHINGTON SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Editorial Material AB A mesoscale wave disturbance, observed over western Washington State, is studied through local observations and recognized by comparisons with theory as a large-amplitude gravity wave. It is shown that this gravity wave propagated over 200 km in an atmosphere conducive to wave trapping. Abrupt wind shifts, strong gusty winds to 17 m s-1, moderate-to-severe turbulence, and a sea level pressure fall/rise couplet of 3 to 6 mb were observed as the wave propagated at an average speed of 13 m s-1 over the Puget Sound. Subsidence at the top of the marine boundary layer, associated with the trough passage, is estimated at 1100 m over a period of 30 min. This dramatic sinking motion generated rapid, short-lived changes in cloud heights and ceilings, which proved difficult to forecast and potentially dangerous to aviation traffic. A convective downdraft appears to have provided the necessary push to initiate this gravity wave. However, geostrophic adjustment and wind shear cannot be ruled out as possible generation mechanisms. C1 NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,PENDLETON,OR. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 7 IS 2 BP 389 EP 397 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1992)007<0389:AUSGWO>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HZ397 UT WOS:A1992HZ39700014 ER EF