FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Van der Geest, AG Hurst, KE Bronstein, ND Lehman, JH Lusk, MT AF Van der Geest, A. G. Hurst, K. E. Bronstein, N. D. Lehman, J. H. Lusk, M. T. TI Theoretical and experimental evidence of the role of electromagnetic resonance in the cleaning of nanotubes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; LASER IRRADIATION; SINGLE; TEMPERATURE; SPECTROSCOPY; PURIFICATION; ENHANCEMENT AB Amorphous carbon is removed from as-prepared, bulk, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) by illumination with a 248 nm (5 eV) excimer laser. The steps by which this occurs are explained using a combination of experiments and density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. We present measurements with a quartz-crystal microbalance and scanning electron microscope images as evidence of mass loss and morphological changes in proximity of the SWCNT material. DFT calculations are used to estimate the frequency-dependent, macroscopic dielectric constant. This is used to identify Mie resonances in the tubes which are generated by the 248 nm excimer laser. These resonances are responsible for local field enhancements that, in turn, increase the rate at which sp(2) bonds in the amorphous carbon are excited. The carbon is more easily oxidized from these excited states. C1 [Van der Geest, A. G.; Lusk, M. T.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Van der Geest, A. G.; Hurst, K. E.; Bronstein, N. D.; Lehman, J. H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Van der Geest, AG (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU Golden Energy Computing Organization at the Colorado School of Mines; National Science Foundation; National Renewable Energy Laboratory FX The authors thank Isaak Mayorgoyz of the University of Maryland EE department for his discussion concerning plasmons. Also, thanks goes to Wu, Wood, Collins, and Furtak of the Colorado School of Mines Physics and Chemical Engineering Departments for their input on plasmons and photochemistry. This research was supported in part by the Golden Energy Computing Organization at the Colorado School of Mines using resources acquired with financial assistance from the National Science Foundation and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2010 VL 81 IS 11 AR 115440 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.115440 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 577UF UT WOS:000276248800153 ER PT J AU Wen, JS Xu, GY Xu, ZJ Lin, ZW Li, Q Chen, Y Chi, SX Gu, GD Tranquada, JM AF Wen, Jinsheng Xu, Guangyong Xu, Zhijun Lin, Zhi Wei Li, Qiang Chen, Ying Chi, Songxue Gu, Genda Tranquada, J. M. TI Effect of magnetic field on the spin resonance in FeTe0.5Se0.5 as seen via inelastic neutron scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR; 43 K; IRON; COMPOUND; ORDER AB Inelastic neutron scattering and susceptibility measurements have been performed on the optimally doped Fe-based superconductor FeTe0.5Se0.5, which has a critical temperature, T-c of 14 K. The magnetic scattering at the stripe antiferromagnetic wave vector Q=(0.5,0.5) exhibits a "resonance" at similar to 6 meV, where the scattering intensity increases abruptly when cooled below T-c. In a 7-T magnetic field parallel to the a-b plane, T-c is slightly reduced to similar to 12 K, based on susceptibility measurements. The resonance in the neutron-scattering measurements is also affected by the field. The resonance intensity under field cooling starts to rise at a lower temperature similar to 12 K, and the low-temperature intensity is also reduced from the zero-field value. Our results provide clear evidence for the intimate relationship between superconductivity and the resonance measured in magnetic excitations of Fe-based superconductors. C1 [Wen, Jinsheng; Xu, Guangyong; Lin, Zhi Wei; Li, Qiang; Gu, Genda; Tranquada, J. M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Wen, Jinsheng] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Xu, Zhijun] CUNY City Coll, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Chen, Ying; Chi, Songxue] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wen, JS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Tranquada, John/A-9832-2009; Wen, Jinsheng/F-4209-2010; Xu, Guangyong/A-8707-2010; xu, zhijun/A-3264-2013; Chi, Songxue/A-6713-2013 OI Tranquada, John/0000-0003-4984-8857; Wen, Jinsheng/0000-0001-5864-1466; Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275; xu, zhijun/0000-0001-7486-2015; Chi, Songxue/0000-0002-3851-9153 FU U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The work at Brookhaven National Laboratory was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 45 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 100513 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.100513 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 577UE UT WOS:000276248700032 ER PT J AU Cooper, RL Chupp, TE Dewey, MS Gentile, TR Mumm, HP Nico, JS Thompson, AK Fisher, BM Kremsky, I Wietfeldt, FE Beise, EJ Kiriluk, KG Byrne, J Coakley, KJ Fu, C AF Cooper, R. L. Chupp, T. E. Dewey, M. S. Gentile, T. R. Mumm, H. P. Nico, J. S. Thompson, A. K. Fisher, B. M. Kremsky, I. Wietfeldt, F. E. Beise, E. J. Kiriluk, K. G. Byrne, J. Coakley, K. J. Fu, C. TI Radiative beta decay of the free neutron SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID TIME-REVERSAL INVARIANCE; SCINTILLATION DETECTION; AVALANCHE PHOTODIODES; MASS SINGULARITIES; LOW-TEMPERATURE; MODE; COEFFICIENT; PARTICLE; PHYSICS AB The theory of quantum electrodynamics predicts that the beta decay of the neutron into a proton, electron, and antineutrino is accompanied by a continuous spectrum of emitted photons described as inner bremsstrahlung. While this phenomenon has been observed in nuclear beta decay and electron-capture decay for many years, it has only been recently observed in free-neutron decay. We present a detailed discussion of an experiment in which the radiative decay mode of the free neutron was observed. In this experiment, the branching ratio for this rare decay was determined by recording photons that were correlated with both the electron and proton emitted in neutron decay. We determined the branching ratio for photons with energy between 15 and 340 keV to be (3.09 +/- 0.32) x 10(-3) (68% level of confidence), where the uncertainty is dominated by systematic effects. This value for the branching ratio is consistent with theoretical predictions. The characteristic energy spectrum of the radiated photons, which differs from the uncorrelated background spectrum, is also consistent with the theoretical spectrum. C1 [Cooper, R. L.; Chupp, T. E.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Dewey, M. S.; Gentile, T. R.; Mumm, H. P.; Nico, J. S.; Thompson, A. K.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fisher, B. M.; Kremsky, I.; Wietfeldt, F. E.] Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Beise, E. J.; Kiriluk, K. G.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Byrne, J.] Univ Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, E Sussex, England. [Coakley, K. J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Fu, C.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. RP Cooper, RL (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Fu, Changbo/O-1550-2015 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology, US Department of Commerce; National Science Foundation; US Department of Energy FX We thank Susan Gardner of the University of Kentucky and Herbert Breuer of the University of Maryland for useful discussions and their interest in this work. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, US Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron facilities used in this work. This research was made possible in part by support from the National Science Foundation and a US Department of Energy interagency agreement. NR 46 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAR PY 2010 VL 81 IS 3 AR 035503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.81.035503 PG 15 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 584RE UT WOS:000276769400079 ER PT J AU Marx, E AF Marx, Egon TI Proton-proton collision and the Pauli principle in the strong, weak, and electromagnetic interactions of elementary particles (SWEEP) model SO PHYSICS ESSAYS LA English DT Article DE Elementary Particles; Large Hadron Collider; Pauli Principle; Relativistic Quantum Mechanics; SWEEP Model ID QUANTUM-MECHANICS AB Proton-proton collisions, such as those expected in the large hadron collider of the European Organization for Nuclear Research, are examined in the context of the model of strong, weak, and electromagnetic interactions of elementary particles. In this model, basic particles are the neutrino, the pion, and the archyon or beauty baryon, while quarks, vector bosons, and the Higgs boson do not play a role, although they are not necessarily excluded. The proton is composed of an archyon and three pions, whence the products of the collisions will be mainly pions and stable or metastable baryons, particles that then decay in the usual manner. The interaction of two baryons requires the application of the Pauli principle, which is implemented by introducing a change in the Lagrangian density defined in previous papers. (C) 2010 Physics Essays Publication. [DOI: 10.4006/1.3301357] C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Marx, E (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM egon.marx@nist.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PHYSICS ESSAYS PUBLICATION PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 8141 STATION T, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1G 3H6, CANADA SN 0836-1398 J9 PHYS ESSAYS JI Phys. Essays PD MAR PY 2010 VL 23 IS 1 BP 122 EP 126 DI 10.4006/1.3301357 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 823SB UT WOS:000295144000015 ER PT J AU Tobias, VD Nyman, JA DeLaune, RD Foret, JD AF Tobias, V. D. Nyman, J. A. DeLaune, R. D. Foret, J. D. TI Improving marsh restoration: leaf tissue chemistry identifies factors limiting production in Spartina patens SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Wetlands; Spartina patens; Chemistry; Nitrogen; Salinity; Sodium ID ALTERNIFLORA LOISEL; VERTICAL ACCRETION; SOIL PROPERTIES; STANDING CROP; SALINITY; GRASS; ACCUMULATION; INDICATORS; PHOSPHORUS; COMMUNITY AB Marsh loss is a problem in many areas around the world. In order to combat the problem, scientists and managers need tools to determine its cause and evaluate the effectiveness of management techniques. Current methods for estimating productivity and identifying factors that limit productivity are too time-consuming or expensive for wide-spread, regular use, however. In coastal Louisiana, where Spartina patens (Ait.) Muhl is the most common plant, restoration seeks to slow wetland loss rates that averaged approximately 77.4 km(2)/year between 1978 and 2000. We used the chemical composition of leaf tissue from S. patens grown under controlled conditions to create a simple and inexpensive tool to identify salinity stress and nutrient limitation. By growing S. patens at varying nitrogen availability and salinity levels, we found that C:N ratios and Na concentrations can be used to classify factors that limit production in S. patens. C1 [Tobias, V. D.; Nyman, J. A.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, LSU AgCtr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [DeLaune, R. D.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Sch Coast & Environm, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Foret, J. D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Estuarine Habitats & Coastal Fisheries Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA. RP Tobias, VD (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, LSU AgCtr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM vtobia1@lsu.edu RI Nyman, John/D-3903-2009; DeLaune, R.D./A-2058-2012; OI Tobias, Vanessa/0000-0003-4872-1643 FU Coastal Restoration and Enhancement [07-10] FX Funding for this study was provided by and by the Coastal Restoration and Enhancement through Science and Technology Program (contract no. CREST 07-10). We thank D. Price for providing tissue samples used for tissue analysis and portions of the data used in this study. We also thank J. Merino for providing data. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 207 IS 1 BP 141 EP 148 DI 10.1007/s11258-009-9660-x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 551LT UT WOS:000274211800012 ER PT J AU von Prochazka, AA Remijan, AJ Balser, DS Ryans, RSI Marshall, AH Schwab, FR Hollis, JM Jewell, PR Lovas, FJ AF von Prochazka, Azrael A. Remijan, Anthony J. Balser, Dana S. Ryans, Robert S. I. Marshall, Adele H. Schwab, Fredric R. Hollis, Jan M. Jewell, Philip R. Lovas, Frank J. TI Detection of Voigt Spectral Line Profiles of Hydrogen Radio Recombination Lines toward Sagittarius B2(N) SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID WAY INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; H-II REGIONS; ELECTRON TEMPERATURES; CONTINUUM; GRADIENT; HE-3 AB We report the detection of Voigt spectral line profiles of radio recombination lines (RRLs) toward Sagittarius B2(N) with the 100 m Green Bank Telescope (GBT). At radio wavelengths, astronomical spectra are highly populated with RRLs, which serve as ideal probes of the physical conditions in molecular cloud complexes. An analysis of the Hn alpha lines presented herein shows that RRLs of higher principal quantum number (n > 90) are generally divergent from their expected Gaussian profiles and, moreover, are well described by their respective Voigt profiles. This is in agreement with the theory that spectral lines experience pressure broadening as a result of electron collisions at lower radio frequencies. Given the inherent technical difficulties regarding the detection and profiling of true RRL wing spans and shapes, it is crucial that the observing instrumentation produce flat baselines as well as high-sensitivity, high-resolution data. The GBT has demonstrated its capabilities regarding all of these aspects, and we believe that future observations of RRL emission via the GBT will be crucial toward advancing our knowledge of the larger-scale extended structures of ionized gas in the interstellar medium (ISM). C1 [von Prochazka, Azrael A.; Ryans, Robert S. I.] Queens Univ Belfast, Astrophys Res Ctr, Sch Math & Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. [von Prochazka, Azrael A.; Remijan, Anthony J.; Balser, Dana S.; Schwab, Fredric R.; Jewell, Philip R.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Remijan, Anthony J.; Jewell, Philip R.; Lovas, Frank J.] Univ Virginia, Dept Chem, Ctr Chem Universe, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Marshall, Adele H.] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Math & Phys, Ctr Stat Sci & Operat Res, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. [Hollis, Jan M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Computat & Informat Sci & Technol Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lovas, Frank J.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP von Prochazka, AA (reprint author), Queens Univ Belfast, Astrophys Res Ctr, Sch Math & Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. FU NSF Centers for Chemical Innovation [CHE-0847919] FX We would like to thank M. J. Remijan for continuing programming support and development and an anonymous referee for valuable comments. This work supported in part by the NSF Centers for Chemical Innovation through award CHE-0847919. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 122 IS 889 BP 354 EP 362 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 563KF UT WOS:000275129700009 ER PT J AU McDonald, JC Gilliam, DM AF McDonald, Joseph C. Gilliam, David M. TI Dr Robert B. Schwartz (1929-2009) OBITUARY SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Gilliam, David M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 138 IS 3 BP 290 EP 290 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncp297 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 565EE UT WOS:000275271200013 ER PT J AU Brewer, TM Szakal, C Gillen, G AF Brewer, Tim M. Szakal, Christopher Gillen, Greg TI Method for improved secondary ion yields in cluster secondary ion mass spectrometry SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID FAST-ATOM-BOMBARDMENT; SIMS; PROJECTILES; SURFACE; TISSUE AB A method to increase useful yields of organic molecules is investigated by cluster secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Glycerol drops were deposited onto various inkjet-printed arrays and the organic molecules in the film were rapidly incorporated into the drop. The resulting glycerol/analyte drops were then probed with fullerene primary ions under dynamic SIMS conditions. High primary ion beam currents were shown to aid in the mixing of the glycerol drop, thus replenishing the probed area and sustaining high secondary ion yields. Integrated secondary ion signals for tetrabutylammonium iodide and cocaine in the glycerol drops were enhanced by more than a factor of 100 compared with an analogous area on the surface, and a factor of 1000 over the lifetime of the glycerol drop. Once the analyte of interest is incorporated into the glycerol microdrop, the solution chemistry can be tailored for enhanced secondary ion yields, with examples shown for cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) chloride adduct formation. In addition, depositing localized glycerol drops may enhance analyte secondary ion count rates to high enough levels to allow for site-specific chemical maps of molecules in complex matrices such as biological tissues. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Brewer, Tim M.; Szakal, Christopher; Gillen, Greg] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Brewer, TM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM timothy.brewer@nist.gov NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 24 IS 5 BP 593 EP 598 DI 10.1002/rcm.4423 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 573MT UT WOS:000275918700017 PM 20155758 ER PT J AU Soderberg, KAB Monroe, C AF Soderberg, K-A Brickman Monroe, C. TI Phonon-mediated entanglement for trapped ion quantum computing SO REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID MULTIPARTICLE ENTANGLEMENT; FOURIER-TRANSFORM; ATOMIC IONS; PAUL TRAP; STATE; COMPUTATION; QUBITS; IMPLEMENTATION; GATE; TELEPORTATION AB Trapped ions are a near ideal system to study quantum information processing due to the high degree of control over the ion's external confinement and internal degrees of freedom. We demonstrate the key steps necessary for trapped ion quantum computing and focus on phonon-mediated entangling gates. We highlight several key algorithms implemented over the last decade with these gates and give a detailed description of Grover's quantum database search implemented with two trapped ion qubits. C1 [Soderberg, K-A Brickman] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Monroe, C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Monroe, C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Soderberg, KAB (reprint author), Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Dept Phys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM brickman@uchicago.edu RI Monroe, Christopher/G-8105-2011 NR 91 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0034-4885 EI 1361-6633 J9 REP PROG PHYS JI Rep. Prog. Phys. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 73 IS 3 AR 036401 DI 10.1088/0034-4885/73/3/036401 PG 24 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 559SO UT WOS:000274848200002 ER PT J AU Bowers, WJ Olson, DA AF Bowers, Walter J. Olson, Douglas A. TI A capacitive probe for measuring the clearance between the piston and the cylinder of a gas piston gauge SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article DE pistons; pressure gauges; probes ID DEAD-WEIGHT TESTER AB We used a capacitive technique to determine the radial clearance between the piston and cylinder of a gas piston gauge. This method determines the effective area of a piston gauge pressure standard, independent of calibration against another piston gauge or manometer, as long as the diameter of the piston is dimensionally measured. It also allows an independent determination of piston gauge distortion due to pressure. We have used this technique to measure the clearance and the distortion of six gas piston gauges of the Ruska 2465 type operating in gauge mode. Measurements were made on two gauges each in the low, middle, and high ranges. We describe the capacitance technique and the results of the measurements on the six piston gauges. C1 [Bowers, Walter J.; Olson, Douglas A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bowers, WJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8364, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 81 IS 3 AR 035102 DI 10.1063/1.3310092 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 577GJ UT WOS:000276210200056 PM 20370208 ER PT J AU Hudson, SD AF Hudson, Steven D. TI Poiseuille flow and drop circulation in microchannels SO RHEOLOGICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Microfluidics; Multiphase flow; Droplets; Interfacial retardation; Marangoni flow ID FLUID PARTICLE INTERFACES; DEFORMABLE DROP; MASS-TRANSFER; SURFACTANT; MOTION; MICROFLUIDICS; EMULSIONS; FIELDS; BUBBLE; DEVICE AB Microfluidics aims to control precisely the transport of fluids and suspended particles or drops. Two characteristics of such transport in rectangular microchannels are addressed here, as a function of the cross-sectional aspect ratio. First, we highlight a convenient expression for the ratio of the centerline to bulk flow velocities, which is relevant for controlling the flow of suspended or flow-focused objects. Then, using the theory of Nadim and Stone, the droplet circulation fountain-flow pattern in such channels is evaluated explicitly, and implications for interfacial mobility measurements are discussed. For example, when the interface is retarded, part of the fountain reverses direction, thus alleviating stagnation, promoting mixing, and reducing interfacial concentration gradients. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Complex Fluids Grp, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hudson, SD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Complex Fluids Grp, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM steven.hudson@nist.gov NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0035-4511 J9 RHEOL ACTA JI Rheol. Acta PD MAR PY 2010 VL 49 IS 3 BP 237 EP 243 DI 10.1007/s00397-009-0394-4 PG 7 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 560LT UT WOS:000274904900002 ER PT J AU Fair, PA Adams, J Mitchum, G Hulsey, TC Reif, JS Houde, M Muir, D Wirth, E Wetzel, D Zolman, E McFee, W Bossart, GD AF Fair, Patricia A. Adams, Jeff Mitchum, Gregory Hulsey, Thomas C. Reif, John S. Houde, Magali Muir, Derek Wirth, Ed Wetzel, Dana Zolman, Eric McFee, Wayne Bossart, Gregory D. TI Contaminant blubber burdens in Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from two southeastern US estuarine areas: Concentrations and patterns of PCBs, pesticides, PBDEs, PFCs, and PAHs SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Persistent organic contaminants; Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs); Perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs); Pesticides; Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH); Bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus); Atlantic Ocean ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; CALIFORNIA SEA-LIONS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; PORPOISES PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; WHALES ORCINUS-ORCA; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; HISTORICAL EMISSION INVENTORY; WHITE-SIDED DOLPHINS AB Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), chlorinated pesticides (i.e., dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites, chlordanes (CHLs), dieldrin, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and mirex), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs), and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in blubber biopsy samples collected from 139 wild bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) during 2003-2005 in Charleston (CHS), SC and the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), FL Dolphins accumulated a similar suite of contaminants with Sigma PCB dominating (CHS 64%, IRL 72%), followed by Sigma DDT (CHS 20%, IRL 17%), Sigma CHLs (CHS 7%; IRL 7%), Sigma PBDE (CHS 4%, IRL 2%), PAH at 2%, and dieldrin. PFCs and mirex each 1% or less. Together Sigma PCB and Sigma DDT concentrations contributed similar to 87% of the total POCs measured in blubber of adult males. Sigma PCBs in adult male dolphins exceed the established PCB threshold of 17 mg/kg by a 5-fold order of magnitude with a 15-fold increase for many animals; 88% of the dolphins exceed this threshold. For male dolphins, CHS (93,980 ng/g lipid) had a higher Sigma PCBs geomean compared to the IRL (79,752 ng/g lipid) although not statistically different. In adult males, the PBDE geometric mean concentration was significantly higher in CHS (5920 ng/g lipid) than the IRL (1487 ng/g). Blubber Sigma PFCs concentrations were significantly higher in CHS dolphins. In addition to differences in concentration of PCB congeners, Sigma PBDE, TEQ Sigma CHLs, mirex, dieldrin, and the ratios Sigma DDE/Sigma DDT and trans-nonachlor/cis-nonachlor were the most informative for discriminating contaminant loads in these two dolphin populations. Collectively, the current Sigma PCB, Sigma DDT, and Sigma PBDEs blubber concentrations found in CHS dolphins are among the highest reported values in marine mammals. Both dolphin populations, particularly those in CHS, carry a suite of organic chemicals at or above the level where adverse effects have been reported in wildlife, humans, and laboratory animals warranting further examination of the potential adverse effects of these exposures. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Fair, Patricia A.; Adams, Jeff; Mitchum, Gregory; Wirth, Ed; Zolman, Eric; McFee, Wayne] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Hulsey, Thomas C.] Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC USA. [Reif, John S.; Bossart, Gregory D.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch, Oceanog Inst, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Reif, John S.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Houde, Magali; Muir, Derek] Environm Canada, Aquat Ecosyst Protect Res Div, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Wetzel, Dana] Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. RP Fair, PA (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM pat.fair@noaa.gov OI Muir, Derek/0000-0001-6631-9776 FU National Marine Fisheries [998-1678]; NOAA/NCCOS/CCEHBR; NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program; Florida Protect Wild Dolphins License Plate Fund FX We would like to thank the numerous researchers who participated in the dolphin capture and release studies in South Carolina and Florida. We are especially grateful to Dr. Forrest Townsend, wMr. Larry Fulford, Mr. Larry Hansen, Mr. Steve McCulloch, the NOAA and HBOI staff, the collaborators and veterinarians who provided their expertise, and the many volunteers whose help made the health assessment studies possible. We thank Ms. Myla Ebling and Dr. Len Balthis for statistical assistance and Ms. Rachel Sayre for assistance on data tables. This study was conducted under National Marine Fisheries Permit No. 998-1678, issued to Gregory Bossart, V.M.D., Ph.D., and supported through NOAA/NCCOS/CCEHBR, NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program and the Florida Protect Wild Dolphins License Plate Fund. NR 157 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 4 U2 59 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 408 IS 7 BP 1577 EP 1597 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.12.021 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 574EF UT WOS:000275970800014 PM 20096443 ER PT J AU Palazon-Fernandez, JL Potts, JC Manooch, CS Sarasquete, C AF Luis Palazon-Fernandez, Jose Potts, Jennifer C. Manooch, Charles S., III Sarasquete, Carmen TI Age, growth and mortality of the toadfish, Halobatrachus didactylus (Schneider, 1801) (Pisces: Batrachoididae), in the Bay of Cadiz (southwestern Spain) SO SCIENTIA MARINA LA English DT Article DE age; growth; mortality; otolith; toadfish; Holobatrachus didactylus; Bay of Cadiz ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; LUSITANIAN TOADFISH; BACK-CALCULATION; OYSTER TOADFISH; PARAMETERS; SIZE; VALIDATION; PATTERNS; SPINES; WATERS AB Age, growth and mortality of the toadfish. Halobatrachus didactylus. were determined by examination of the whole sagittal otoliths of fish sampled in the Bay of Cadiz (southwestern Spain) from March 1999 to March 2000. A total of 844 specimens (425 males, 416 females. and 3 of indeterminate sex). ranging from 95 to 470 mm in total length were examined. Eighty-nine percent of the otoliths could be read allowing an age estimation. The opaque zone was formed between April and May coincident with the maximum reproductive peak, while the translucent zone formed mainly in summer-fall (June to December). Maximum ages or males and females were 12 and 10 years, respectively. The samples were dominated by 2- to 6-year-old specimens. Males matured at an age of approximately 2 years and females at 3 years. Fish total length and otolith radius were closely related (r(2)>0.80). The von Bertalanffy growth curve was used to describe growth. The parameters were derived from back-calculated length-at-age. Significant differences in the growth parameters were found between Sexes (in males L(proportional to) = 477.06 mm, K = 0.15 and t(0) = -0.59; in females L(proportional to) = 363.69 mm, K = 0.20 and t(0) = -0.75). Although the growth analysis revealed that this species is slow-growing, males reached larger sizes than females. Females appeared to experience higher natural mortality rates than males. C1 [Luis Palazon-Fernandez, Jose] Univ Oriente Boca del Rio, Inst Invest Cient, Isla De Margarita, Venezuela. [Potts, Jennifer C.; Manooch, Charles S., III] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Sarasquete, Carmen] CSIC, Inst Ciencias Marinas Andalucia, Cadiz 11510, Spain. RP Palazon-Fernandez, JL (reprint author), Univ Oriente Boca del Rio, Inst Invest Cient, Isla De Margarita, Venezuela. EM jluis.palazon@icman.csic.es RI Sarasquete, Carmen/L-6332-2014 OI Sarasquete, Carmen/0000-0002-3031-9819 FU Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucia - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Spain; Consejo de Investigacion. Universidad de Oriente, Venezuela FX The authors express their sincere gratitude to the referees and the editorial staff for the invaluable comments and advice. This study received financial support from the Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucia - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Spain and the Consejo de Investigacion. Universidad de Oriente, Venezuela, NR 56 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU INST CIENCIAS MAR BARCELONA PI BARCELONA PA PG MARITIM DE LA BARCELONETA, 37-49, 08003 BARCELONA, SPAIN SN 0214-8358 J9 SCI MAR JI Sci. Mar. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 74 IS 1 BP 121 EP 130 DI 10.3989/scimar.2010.74n1121 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 578IY UT WOS:000276288200010 ER PT J AU Moegling, C Dasler, J Creech, JC Canter, P AF Moegling, Crescent Dasler, Jon Creech, Jason C. Canter, Peter TI Using GPS-Derived Water Levels For Hydrographic Surveys SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Moegling, Crescent] NOAA, Off Coast Survey, Pacific Hydrog Branch, Seattle, WA USA. [Creech, Jason C.] David Evans & Associates Inc, Marine Serv Div, Portland, OR USA. [Canter, Peter] Applanix Corp, Richmond Hill, ON, Canada. RP Moegling, C (reprint author), NOAA, Off Coast Survey, Pacific Hydrog Branch, Seattle, WA USA. FU The Hydrographic Society of America FX This article is an abridged form of a paper presented at U.S. Hydro 2009, sponsored by The Hydrographic Society of America. To access the original paper, e-mail astott@applanix.com. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 51 IS 3 BP 15 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 574RA UT WOS:000276009000003 ER PT J AU Evans, JS Strickland, DJ Woo, WK McMullin, DR Plunkett, SP Viereck, RA Hill, SM Woods, TN Eparvier, FG AF Evans, J. S. Strickland, D. J. Woo, W. K. McMullin, D. R. Plunkett, S. P. Viereck, R. A. Hill, S. M. Woods, T. N. Eparvier, F. G. TI Early Observations by the GOES-13 Solar Extreme Ultraviolet Sensor (EUVS) SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOMETER SYSTEM XPS; II SOLSTICE-II; IRRADIANCE VARIABILITY; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; CALIBRATIONS; MODEL; THERMOSPHERE; TRANSMISSION; CELIAS/SEM; DYNAMICS AB NOAA's GOES-13 satellite, launched in May 2006, includes a new solar sensor, called EUVS (Extreme UltraViolet Sensor), that measures energy fluxes in five broad-band spectral channels that span the region from 1 to 130 nm. Here, we report on measurements made during the mission's six-month post-launch test (PLT) period which provided nearly continuous observations from August through November 2006 and the recording of an X9 flare that occurred on 5 December 2006. In this paper, we present a calibration model for the GOES EUVS that incorporates the effects of pointing offsets, cross-disk radiance variability (radiance refers to partial-disk emission), and changes to assumed spectral shapes. Appendices are included that report on the sensitivity to these effects. The main body of the paper gives a description of the model and data recorded during the PLT period. Comparisons are made with time-coincident measurements from TIMED/SEE (Version 10.02), SOHO/SEM, and SORCE/ SOLSTICE for the time period August-November. Comparisons are made with SORCE/XPS for the 5 December flare. In general, there is agreement among the data sets within expected measurement uncertainties. There will be a series of EUVSs extending into the next generation of GOES (starting with GOES-13). The initial performance of GOES-13 EUVS, including 5-channel measurements approximately every 11 s on a nearly continuous basis, suggests that the EUVS series will play a key role over the next many years in monitoring solar EUV variability. C1 [Evans, J. S.; Strickland, D. J.; Woo, W. K.] Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. [McMullin, D. R.] Space Syst Res Corp, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. [Plunkett, S. P.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Viereck, R. A.; Hill, S. M.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Woods, T. N.; Eparvier, F. G.] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Evans, JS (reprint author), Computat Phys Inc, 8001 Braddock Rd,Suite 210, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. EM evans@cpi.com NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 262 IS 1 BP 71 EP 115 DI 10.1007/s11207-009-9491-x PG 45 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 557RT UT WOS:000274688500006 ER PT J AU Zink, BL Avery, AD Sultan, R Bassett, D Pufall, MR AF Zink, B. L. Avery, A. D. Sultan, Rubina Bassett, D. Pufall, M. R. TI Exploring thermoelectric effects and Wiedemann-Franz violation in magnetic nanostructures via micromachined thermal platforms SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Magnetic films and multilayers; Nanostructures; Heat conduction; Thermodynamic properties ID FE/CR MULTILAYERS; CO/CU; POWER; MAGNETORESISTANCE; CONDUCTIVITY; ALLOYS AB We describe the development and use of micromachined thermal isolation structures to explore thermoelectric effects in magnetic thin films and nanostructures. These unique measurement techniques allow fundamental studies that will help enable a wide range of spin-caloritronic devices that take advantage of the coupling between heat and magnetic degrees of freedom for useful effects. The thermal platform is capable of measuring thermal conductivity, k. thermopower (Seebeck coefficient), alpha, and electrical conductivity, sigma, all on the same thin film sample. This also allows direct comparison of the measured thermal conductivity of a magnetic thin film to the prediction of the Wiedemann-Franz law based on measured electrical conductivity. In addition to describing the fabrication of the platforms and the basic principles of their operation, we present example data on nickel and nickel-iron alloy thin films, and briefly consider the range of samples that can be measured with both current techniques and future thermal platforms optimized for nanoscale samples. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zink, B. L.; Avery, A. D.; Sultan, Rubina; Bassett, D.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Pufall, M. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Magnet Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Zink, BL (reprint author), Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. EM barry.zink@du.edu OI Zink, Barry/0000-0001-7732-532X FU Nanoelectronics Research Institute; National Science Foundation [DMR-0847796] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the Nanoelectronics Research Institute and the National Science Foundation (DMR-0847796). We also thank J. Stoke for assistance designing and constructing the UHV system, J. Beall and G. Hilton for numerous conversations on and contributions to device fabrication, and C. Leighton for valuable discussions of UHV growth techniques. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 150 IS 11-12 SI SI BP 514 EP 518 DI 10.1016/j.ssc.2009.11.003 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 580GK UT WOS:000276435600014 ER PT J AU Irwin, KD Niemack, MD Beyer, J Cho, HM Doriese, WB Hilton, GC Reintsema, CD Schmidt, DR Ullom, JN Vale, LR AF Irwin, K. D. Niemack, M. D. Beyer, J. Cho, H. M. Doriese, W. B. Hilton, G. C. Reintsema, C. D. Schmidt, D. R. Ullom, J. N. Vale, L. R. TI Code-division multiplexing of superconducting transition-edge sensor arrays SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Conference on Applied Superconductivity (EUCAS'09) CY SEP 13-17, 2009 CL Dresden, GERMANY AB Multiplexed superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) amplifiers have recently enabled the deployment of kilopixel arrays of superconducting transition-edge sensor (TES) detectors on a variety of receivers for astrophysics. Existing multiplexing techniques for TES arrays, however, have constraints due to aliasing of SQUID noise, the size of the required filtering elements, or the complexity of the room-temperature electronics that make it difficult to scale to much larger arrays. We have developed a Walsh code-division SQUID multiplexer that has the potential to enable the multiplexing of larger arrays or pixels with faster thermal response times. The multiplexer uses superconducting switches to modulate the polarity of coupling between N individual TES detectors and a single output SQUID channel. The polarities of the detector signals are switched in the pattern of an N x N Walsh matrix, so a frame composed of N orthogonal samples can be used to reconstruct the detector signals without degradation. We present an analysis of the circuit architecture and preliminary results. C1 [Irwin, K. D.; Niemack, M. D.; Cho, H. M.; Doriese, W. B.; Hilton, G. C.; Reintsema, C. D.; Schmidt, D. R.; Ullom, J. N.; Vale, L. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Beyer, J.] PTB, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. RP Irwin, KD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, MS817-03,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 13 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 23 IS 3 AR 034004 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/23/3/034004 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 559DH UT WOS:000274800500005 ER PT J AU Maranto, CJ Good, TP Wiese, FK Parrish, JK AF Maranto, Christina J. Good, Thomas P. Wiese, Francis K. Parrish, Julia K. TI Impact of the Potholes Reservoir Caspian Tern Breeding Colony on Out-Migrating Juvenile Salmonids in the Mid-Columbia River SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PASSIVE INTEGRATED TRANSPONDERS; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; ASSIMILATION EFFICIENCY; PERSONAL WATERCRAFT; PISCIVOROUS BIRDS; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; SOOTY-TERNS; PREDATION; MANAGEMENT AB We examined the foraging behavior and diet of Caspian terns Hydroprogne caspia breeding at Potholes Reservoir, Washington, in 2003, 2005, and 2006, and we developed a bioenergetics model to estimate impacts on juvenile salmonids Oncorhynchus spp. from Columbia River stocks. Potholes Reservoir Caspian terns mostly foraged on local fish (68-97% of tern bill loads) rather than traveling to the Columbia River. Our model suggested that only 8,913-94,139 juvenile salmonids were consumed, representing 0.02-0.38% of the salmonids available to Caspian terns. Local foraging is probably explained by higher net profitability of Potholes Reservoir fish prey. Columbia River steelhead O. mykiss were the only juvenile salmonids that were energetically comparable with local Potholes Reservoir fish, mostly due to their high energy density and relatively large size. Passive integrated transponder tag analyses showed that Potholes Reservoir Caspian terns preferred steelhead (predation rates = 0.42-1.06%) to all other salmonid stocks (coho salmon O. kisutch = 0.09-0.36%; subyearling Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha = 0.009-0.040%; yearling Chinook salmon = 0.05-0.17%). Given the proposed reduction in nesting habitat at East Sand Island (ESI; where the current Caspian tern population consumes 3.6-5.3 million juvenile salmonids annually), we estimated the impact on salmonid stocks that would occur if ESI Caspian terns relocated to Potholes Reservoir. Depending on diet scenario, 100% relocation could result in juvenile salmonid consumption between 2.2 and 6.6 million fish, with lower values being much more likely, making Potholes Reservoir the colony location of least likely impact among all sites within the Columbia River drainage. We suggest that selection of sites for ESI relocation should be based on scientific evidence combining a quantitative approach, such as bioenergetics modeling linked to prey population growth rate. C1 [Maranto, Christina J.; Parrish, Julia K.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Good, Thomas P.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Wiese, Francis K.; Parrish, Julia K.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Maranto, CJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM cmaranto@u.washington.edu FU Chelan County Public Utility District; NOAA Fisheries-Northwest Fisheries Science Center Internal Grant Program; Columbia River Bird Research FX Funding for the project was provided by a contract from Chelan County Public Utility District to J.K.P. and by the NOAA Fisheries-Northwest Fisheries Science Center Internal Grant Program to T. P. G. Dan Roby and Columbia River Bird Research also provided funds for field assistance in 2005. We thank Deb Harstad, Colin French, Christina Hall, and Heather Zeil for valuable assistance in the field. We also thank Brad Ryan and NOAA Fisheries for allowing us to use PIT tag data collected on Solstice and Goose islands. We thank three anonymous reviewers whose comments helped to improve the manuscript. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 74 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 139 IS 2 BP 362 EP 381 DI 10.1577/T09-095.1 PG 20 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 589DG UT WOS:000277125100004 ER PT J AU Gao, YW Dettman, DL Piner, KR Wallace, FR AF Gao, Yongwen Dettman, David L. Piner, Kevin R. Wallace, Farron R. TI Isotopic Correlation (delta O-18 versus delta C-13) of Otoliths in Identification of Groundfish Stocks SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HALIBUT HIPPOGLOSSUS-STENOLEPIS; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; STABLE-ISOTOPE; FISH OTOLITHS; PACIFIC HALIBUT; FRESH-WATER; BIOLOGICAL CARBONATES; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GADUS-MACROCEPHALUS; ANOPLOPOMA-FIMBRIA AB The management of many marine fish stocks suffers from a lack of genetic data or insignificant genetic differentiations, particularly for the commercially important groundfish along the U. S. Pacific coast. In this study, we investigated a large number of otoliths of various groundfish species from the coasts of Washington and Oregon and analyzed them for stable oxygen (O-18/O-16, or delta O-18) and carbon isotope ratios (C-13/C-12, or delta C-13). The isotopic results and correlation of delta O-18 versus delta C-13 of Pacific hake Merluccius productus, sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria, Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis, and Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus indicated that most of the groundfish we examined had two or more spawning stocks or subpopulations; the only tested species that might belong to a single coastwide stock was yelloweye rockfish Sebastes ruberrimus. Compared with genetic methods of stock identification, the isotopic signatures of otoliths have distinct advantages in determining (1) a time series to separate the different life stages of marine fish and (2) the oceanographic and environmental conditions to which fish are exposed. Thus, stable isotopic signatures in otoliths appear to be an alternative for marine fish stocks when there is little genetic differentiation between populations or no genetic data are available. C1 [Gao, Yongwen] Makah Fisheries Management, Neah Bay, WA 98357 USA. [Dettman, David L.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Piner, Kevin R.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Wallace, Farron R.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98563 USA. RP Gao, YW (reprint author), Makah Fisheries Management, POB 115, Neah Bay, WA 98357 USA. EM gaoy@olypen.com FU Makah Fisheries Management (MFM); Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW); National Marine Fisheries Service Northwest Fisheries Science Center FX This project was supported by multi-level governments and fisheries management agencies such as Makah Fisheries Management (MFM), Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW), and National Marine Fisheries Service Northwest Fisheries Science Center. We are grateful to many dedicated staff and colleagues for their interests and help, particular Russell Svec (MFM), Greg Bargmann and Jack Tagart (WDFW) for initiation of the project, Kirsten Rowell of the University of Arizona for assisting with micromilling and part of the otolith sample processing, and Patrick McDonald of Oregon Cooperative Aging Program for providing otolith samples. The manuscript was greatly improved by comments and suggestions from many people, including David Gillikin and two anonymous reviewers. NR 46 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 139 IS 2 BP 491 EP 501 DI 10.1577/T09-057.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 589DG UT WOS:000277125100013 ER PT J AU Schueller, AM Hayes, DB AF Schueller, Amy M. Hayes, Daniel B. TI Sensitivity of Lake Sturgeon Population Dynamics and Genetics to Demographic Parameters SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL; RED-COCKADED WOODPECKERS; INBREEDING DEPRESSION; VIABILITY ANALYSIS; LIFE-HISTORIES; ENVIRONMENTAL STOCHASTICITY; CONSERVATION GENETICS; BIOENERGETICS MODELS; EXTINCTION RISK; MANAGEMENT AB Uncertainty in population parameters can make managing fisheries difficult, especially for long-lived species such as lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens. Models can be used to explore population parameter uncertainty and how uncertainty affects demographic and genetic population outputs through the use of sensitivity analyses. The objective of this study was to determine which lake sturgeon population parameters have the greatest influence on demographic characteristics, including rates of extinction and percentage of populations increasing from their initial size, and population genetic characteristics, including percentage of unique alleles retained and average inbreeding coefficient. An individual-based modeling approach that represented demographic and genetic processes was used to achieve this objective. Individual lake sturgeon were tracked throughout the modeling process with unique identifiers, allowing for the determination of the degree of inbreeding and the number of unique alleles retained. Sensitivity analyses were performed by changing one parameter at a time across a range of plausible values while holding all of the other parameters at their nominal values. All responses were hypersensitive to young-of-the-year mortality, post-young-of-the-year mortality, age at first maturation for females, and probability of mating for females. The post-young-of-the-year mortality rate was the most sensitive of all of the population parameters. The outputs were relatively insensitive to changes in the age at first maturation for males and the probability of mating for males. Sensitivity was dependent upon the initial population size, with population parameters having differing sensitivities with respect to other parameters for smaller and larger population sizes. The demographic and genetic outputs were related to one another via similar relationships for each of the population sizes. These analyses should be used to target rehabilitation efforts on altering population parameters with the largest influence on population persistence and genetic integrity. C1 [Schueller, Amy M.; Hayes, Daniel B.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Schueller, AM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM amy.schueller@noaa.gov FU Great Lakes Fishery Trust FX We thank all of the sturgeon biologists and experts who evaluated and commented on the initial parameter values for the model. The sturgeon biologists and experts who had an opportunity to comment include Nancy Auer (Michigan Technological University), Edward Baker (Michigan Department of Natural Resources), James Baker (Michigan Department of Natural Resources), David Borgeson (Michigan Department of Natural Resources), Ronald Bruch (Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources), Robert Elliot (U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service), Liz Hay-Chmielewski (Michigan Department of Natural Resources), Steven Scott (Michigan Department of Natural Resources), Kim Scribner (Michigan State University), Kregg Smith (Michigan Department of Natural Resources), Michael Thomas (Michigan Department of Natural Resources), Gary Whelan (Michigan Department of Natural Resources), and Martha Wolgamood (Michigan Department of Natural Resources). We also thank Jonathan Hansen, Dana Infante, Michael Jones, Tracy Kolb, Sherry Martin, Cheryl Murphy, Kim Scribner, Ralph Tingley, Daniel Wieferich, and Dayong Wu for comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. Funding was provided by the Great Lakes Fishery Trust. The SAS model is available upon request from A. Schueller. NR 80 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 139 IS 2 BP 521 EP 534 DI 10.1577/T09-035.1 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 589DG UT WOS:000277125100015 ER PT J AU Volk, EC Bottom, DL Jones, KK Simenstad, CA AF Volk, Eric C. Bottom, Daniel L. Jones, Kim K. Simenstad, Charles A. TI Reconstructing Juvenile Chinook Salmon Life History in the Salmon River Estuary, Oregon, Using Otolith Microchemistry and Microstructure SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; FRASER-RIVER; STRONTIUM; RESIDENCY; TACTICS AB We quantified the juvenile rearing and migratory patterns of individuals from a population of fall-spawning Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in Oregon's Salmon River estuary using otolith microchemistry and microstructure. The study confirmed the daily periodicity of otolith growth increments in a natural fish population under field conditions and validated fundamental assumptions about increased otolith strontium : calcium values during entry into saline waters. The otolith results indicated that more than 75% of the subyearling Chinook salmon captured near the mouth of the Salmon River had entered the estuary during the summer and that two-thirds of these fish had spent more than a month in the estuary before capture. Unlike in other Oregon coastal estuaries, in which the fingerling-migrant portion of their life histories is dominant, approximately two-thirds of Salmon River Chinook salmon in upper-estuary marshes were early fry (<50-mm) migrants. A much smaller proportion at the river mouth suggests that many fry migrants did not survive to the lower estuary or passed undetected during ocean emigration. Nonetheless, the otolith results reveal a substantially greater contribution of estuarine-rearing fry to the out-migrant population at the Salmon River than has been reported in other Oregon coastal basins. A small component of fall-migrating fish with long freshwater residence times also occurred at the river mouth. Most of these individuals had migrated quickly through the estuary. Rather than revealing a series of discrete "types'' defined by the predominant rearing patterns in the population, the individual otolith results depict a continuum of freshwater and estuarine life histories that is consistent with reports of considerable phenotypic plasticity in Chinook salmon. Otolith analysis offers the potential to quantify the relative contributions of different juvenile rearing patterns to adult returns. C1 [Volk, Eric C.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Commercial Fisheries Div, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. [Bottom, Daniel L.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Jones, Kim K.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Simenstad, Charles A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Volk, EC (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Commercial Fisheries Div, 333 Raspberry Rd, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. EM eric.volk@alaska.gov FU Salmon River Study; U.S. Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station; Washington Sea Grant; Ducks Unlimited FX We thank the Oregon Sea Grant program for the long-standing financial support of the Salmon River Study and the helpful administrative and technical assistance provided throughout this partnership by Director Robert Malouf. We also appreciate the added financial support provided by the U.S. Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Washington Sea Grant, and Ducks Unlimited. Trevan Cornwell organized all field surveys and collected the estuarine fish specimens used for our analyses. We are also grateful to many other individuals who assisted with the biological collections including Jen Bock, Jen Burke, Debbee Davies, Ayesha Gray, Dave Hering, Daniel Jones, Paul Jacobsen, Peggy Kavanagh, Ben Soeby, Carmen Van Dyke, and Joe Zuccarello. Special thanks to Steve Johnson, Lisa McLaughlin, and Victor Vrell for assisting with every aspect of our salmon trapping and marking program. Thanks also to Dana Anderson and Lang Nguyen (Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Otolith Laboratory) for their skillful preparation of otoliths. Andy Ungerer and Adam Kent and Chris Russo (Oregon State University [OSU], COAS, Keck Laboratory) provided invaluable assistance and advice in the operation of the LA-ICPMS. Kelly Faulkner and Chi Meredith (OSU, COAS) provided assistance and advice with the collection of water samples and Chi Meredith performed all water chemistry analyses. NR 27 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 139 IS 2 BP 535 EP 549 DI 10.1577/T08-163.1 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 589DG UT WOS:000277125100016 ER PT J AU Larsen, DA Beckman, BR Cooper, KA AF Larsen, Donald A. Beckman, Brian R. Cooper, Kathleen A. TI Examining the Conflict between Smolting and Precocious Male Maturation in Spring (Stream-Type) Chinook Salmon SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; SEASONAL ENDOCRINE CHANGES; EARLY SEXUAL-MATURATION; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; COHO SALMON; BALTIC SALMON; YAKIMA RIVER; K+-ATPASE; SEAWATER ADAPTATION; THYROID-HORMONES AB Precocious male maturation is a natural life history strategy for spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. During spawning, precocious males employ a "sneaker'' strategy to fertilize eggs in competition with full-size anadromous adults. Hatchery rearing practices may increase the incidence of this phenotype beyond its natural levels. Previous research reported high rates (>40%) of precocious male maturation at age 2 (minijacks) in the Yakima River spring Chinook salmon supplementation program in Washington State. Minijack rates in wild populations are believed to be less than 5%. We compiled seasonal profiles for size, condition factor (K), gill Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity, whole-body lipid levels, plasma 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and thyroxine (T4) in minijacks and immature smolts in the hatchery and during out-migration. In the hatchery, minijacks were larger and had higher K, whole-body lipid, plasma 11-KT, and IGF-I levels than smolts. Plasma T4 and gill Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity increased in minijacks in spring, but the levels were slightly lower than those of smolts. Most minijacks are thought to remain resident in headwater streams throughout the summer in preparation for autumn spawning. A subset of these minijacks migrate hundreds of kilometers toward the ocean in the spring, only to reverse course later in the summer in an effort to return to their natal spawning grounds. These migrating minijacks had elevated plasma 11-KT, IGF-I, and T4 levels and gill Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity. It is generally thought that smoltification and reproductive maturation are mutually exclusive life history events in salmonid fishes. This investigation examined the physiology of a unique phenotype in which smoltification and downstream migration appear to occur in fish that have already initiated the maturation process. These results suggest that hatchery programs with high minijack rates may produce significant numbers of fish that are maladapted for either smoltification or competing on the spawning grounds, and it is likely that they die in the freshwater environment before contributing to subsequent generations. C1 [Larsen, Donald A.; Beckman, Brian R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Cooper, Kathleen A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Larsen, DA (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM don.larsen@noaa.gov FU Bonneville Power Administration [200203100] FX This research was conducted in cooperation with Dave Fast; Bill Bosch; Mark Johnston and his staff at Roza Dam; Leroy Senator and his staff at Prosser Dam (Yakama Nation, Yakima and Toppenish, Washington); Bruce Watson (Mobrand Biometrics, Inc., Vashon, Washington); Todd Pearsons (Grant County Public Utility District, Beverly, Washington); Steve Schroder and Craig Busack (Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington); and Curt Knudsen (Oncorh Consulting, Olympia, Washington). We thank Dan Barrett, Charles Strom, and the staff at the Cle Elum Supplementation and Research Facility (Cle Elum, Washington) for access to fish and facilities. Assistance in sampling and laboratory analysis was provided by Jon Dickey, Sherry Rehr, and Nick Hodges (School of Aquatic and Fisheries Science, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington); and Andrew Dittman, Brad Gadberry, and Paul Parkins (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA] Fisheries, Seattle, Washington). We also thank Dave Marvin, Rick Martinson, and Greg Kovolchak (Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission) for assistance in obtaining fish at John Day Dam. Penny Swanson (NOAA Fisheries) kindly provided 11-KT antibody and a thoughtful review of this manuscript. Deborah Harstad (School of Aquatic and Fisheries Science, University of Washington, Seattle) provided assistance with statistical analysis. Financial support was provided by the Bonneville Power Administration under contract 200203100 administered by Deborah Docherty. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 69 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 36 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 139 IS 2 BP 564 EP 578 DI 10.1577/T08-209.1 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 589DG UT WOS:000277125100018 ER PT J AU Vecchi, GA Wittenberg, AT AF Vecchi, Gabriel A. Wittenberg, Andrew T. TI El Nino and our future climate: where do we stand? SO WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL PACIFIC CLIMATE; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; NINO/SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; MULTIMODEL ENSEMBLE; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; COUPLED MODELS; NORTH-AMERICA AB El Nino and La Nina comprise the dominant mode of tropical climate variability: the El Nino and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon. ENSO variations influence climate, ecosystems, and societies around the globe. It is, therefore, of great interest to understand the character of past and future ENSO variations. In this brief review, we explore our current understanding of these issues. The amplitude and character of ENSO have been observed to exhibit substantial variations on timescales of decades to centuries; many of these changes over the past millennium resemble those that arise from internally generated climate variations in an unforced climate model. ENSO activity and characteristics have been found to depend on the state of the tropical Pacific climate system, which is expected to change in the 21st century in response to changes in radiative forcing (including increased greenhouse gases) and internal climate variability. However, the extent and character of the response of ENSO to increased in greenhouse gases are still a topic of considerable research, and given the results published to date, we cannot yet rule out possibilities of an increase, decrease, or no change in ENSO activity arising from increases in CO2. Yet we are fairly confident that ENSO variations will continue to occur and influence global climate in the coming decades and centuries. Changes in continental climate, however, could alter the remote impacts of El Nino and La Nina. (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. WIREs Clim Change 2010 1 260-270 C1 [Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Wittenberg, Andrew T.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Vecchi, GA (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM Gabriel.A.Vecchi@noaa.gov RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013; Bindoff, Nathaniel/C-8050-2011 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963; Bindoff, Nathaniel/0000-0001-5662-9519 NR 77 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 3 U2 53 PU WILEY PERIODICALS, INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA ONE MONTGOMERY ST, SUITE 1200, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94104 USA SN 1757-7780 J9 WIRES CLIM CHANGE JI Wiley Interdiscip. Rev.-Clim. Chang. PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 1 IS 2 BP 260 EP 270 DI 10.1002/wcc.33 PG 11 WC Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 778UZ UT WOS:000291734800011 ER PT J AU Yoo, SJ Golmie, N AF Yoo, Sang-Jo Golmie, Nada TI Policy-based scanning with QoS support for seamless handovers in wireless networks SO WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS & MOBILE COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE scanning; policy-based; seamless handover; quality of service; scheduling AB Supporting seamless handovers between different wireless networks is a challenging issue. One of the most important aspects of a seamless handover is finding a target network and point of attachment (PoA). This is achieved by Performing a so-called channel scanning. In most handovers. such as between universal mobile telecommunications system (UNITS), wireless local area network (WLAN), and worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX), channel scanning causes severe service disruptions with the current PoA and degrades the quality of service (QoS) during the handover. In this paper, a new architecture for QoS supported scanning that can be generalized to different wireless networks is proposed. It employs two techniques. The first is for determining a policy-based order for the channel scanning sequence. With this technique, depending on the network costs and user requirements, the policy engine determines the channel scanning order for different network types and sets up a scanning sequence of PoAs for a given network type. This policy-based scanning order provides a faster discovery of the target PoA that meets the QoS demands of the user. The second technique consists of a QoS supported dynamic scanning algorithm where the scanning frequency and duration are determined based on the user QoS requirements. Most importantly, the scanning duration is scheduled to guarantee the user QoS requirements while the scan progresses. Simulation results show that the proposed mechanism achieves relatively short service disruptions and provides the desired quality to users during the scanning period. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Yoo, Sang-Jo] Inha Univ, Inchon, South Korea. [Golmie, Nada] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yoo, SJ (reprint author), Inha Univ, 253 Yonghyun Dong, Inchon, South Korea. EM sjyoo@inha.ac.kr FU NIST/Office of Law Enforcement Standards (OLES); MKE, Korea [IITA-2008-C1090-0801-0019] FX This research was supported by the NIST/Office of Law Enforcement Standards (OLES). This research was supported by the MKE, Korea, under the ITRC support program supervised by IITA (IITA-2008-C1090-0801-0019). NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1530-8669 EI 1530-8677 J9 WIREL COMMUN MOB COM JI Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 10 IS 3 BP 405 EP 425 DI 10.1002/wcm.774 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA 566CL UT WOS:000275347600008 ER PT J AU Stukalin, EB Douglas, JF Freed, KF AF Stukalin, Evgeny B. Douglas, Jack F. Freed, Karl F. TI Plasticization and antiplasticization of polymer melts diluted by low molar mass species SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT DEPENDENCE; SEGMENTAL CHAIN DYNAMICS; SOLID-LIQUID TRANSITION; LATTICE CLUSTER THEORY; TIME-SCALE SHIFTS; GAS SORPTION; VISCOSITY BEHAVIOR; ENERGY LANDSCAPE; FORMING LIQUIDS AB An analysis of glass formation for polymer melts that are diluted by structured molecular additives is derived by using the generalized entropy theory, which involves a combination of the Adam-Gibbs model and the direct computation of the configurational entropy based on a lattice model of polymer melts that includes monomer structural effects. Our computations indicate that the plasticization and antiplasticization of polymer melts depend on the molecular properties of the additive. Antiplasticization is accompanied by a "toughening" of the glass mixture relative to the pure polymer, and this effect is found to occur when the diluents are small species with strongly attractive interactions with the polymer matrix. Plasticization leads to a decreased glass transition temperature T(g) and a "softening" of the fragile host polymer in the glass state. Plasticization is prompted by small additives with weakly attractive interactions with the polymer matrix. However, the latter situation can lead to phase separation if the attractive interactions are sufficiently strong. The shifts in T(g) of polystyrene diluted by fully flexible short oligomers (up to 20% mass of diluent) are evaluated from the computations, along with the relative changes in the isothermal compressibility at T(g) (a softening or toughening effect) to characterize the extent to which the additives act as antiplasticizers or plasticizers. The theory predicts that a decreased fragility can accompany both antiplasticization and plasticization of the glass by molecular additives. The general reduction in the T(g) of polymers by molecular additives is rationalized by analyzing the influence of the diluent's properties (cohesive energy, chain length, and stiffness) on glass formation in fluid mixtures and the variation of fragility is discussed in relation to changes in the molecular packing in diluted polymer melts. Our description of constant temperature glass formation upon increasing the diluent concentration directly leads to the Angell equation (tau(alpha)similar to A exp{B/(phi(0,p)-phi(p))}) for the structural relaxation time as function of the polymer concentration, where the extrapolated "zero mobility concentration" phi(0,p) calculated from the theory scales linearly with the inverse polymerization index N. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3304738] C1 [Stukalin, Evgeny B.; Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Stukalin, Evgeny B.; Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Polymers Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stukalin, EB (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM stukalin@email.unc.edu RI Stukalin, Evgeny/C-3313-2008 FU NSF [CHE-0749788]; PRF [46666-AC7]; Joint Theory Institute; University of Chicago; Argonne National Laboratory FX This research was supported in part by NSF under Grant No. CHE-0749788, by PRF under Grant No. 46666-AC7, and by the Joint Theory Institute, which is funded by the University of Chicago and Argonne National Laboratory. We are grateful to Jacek Dudowicz for several helpful discussions. NR 76 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 39 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 28 PY 2010 VL 132 IS 8 AR 084504 DI 10.1063/1.3304738 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 562DJ UT WOS:000275029200024 PM 20192304 ER PT J AU Donovan, GH Butry, DT AF Donovan, Geoffrey H. Butry, David T. TI Trees in the city: Valuing street trees in Portland, Oregon SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Street trees; Urban forestry; Hedonic valuation; Portland; Oregon ID ON-THE-MARKET; URBAN FOREST; PROPERTY-VALUES; AMENITY VALUE; PRICES; TIME; IMPACT; SALES; GREEN AB We use a hedonic price model to simultaneously estimate the effects of street trees on the sales price and the time-on-market (TOM) of houses in Portland, Oregon. On average, street trees add $8870 to sales price and reduce TOM by 1.7 days. In addition. we found that the benefits of street trees spill over to neighboring houses. Because the provision and maintenance of street trees in Portland is the responsibility of adjacent property owners, our results suggest that if the provision of street trees is left solely to homeowners, then there will be too few street trees from a societal perspective. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Donovan, Geoffrey H.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland Forestry Sci Lab, Portland, OR 97208 USA. [Butry, David T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Donovan, GH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland Forestry Sci Lab, POB 3890, Portland, OR 97208 USA. EM gdonovan@fs.fed.us.gov NR 33 TC 71 Z9 79 U1 7 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD FEB 28 PY 2010 VL 94 IS 2 BP 77 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2009.07.019 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 556QE UT WOS:000274605400002 ER PT J AU Richardson, MS DeMott, PJ Kreidenweis, SM Petters, MD Carrico, CM AF Richardson, Mathews S. DeMott, Paul J. Kreidenweis, Sonia M. Petters, Markus D. Carrico, Christian M. TI Observations of ice nucleation by ambient aerosol in the homogeneous freezing regime SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HYGROSCOPIC GROWTH; WATER-UPTAKE; NUCLEI; PARTICLES AB We measured the freezing activation curves for ambient particles as a function of relative humidity with respect to water over the temperature range of -40 degrees to -50 degrees C using a continuous flow diffusion chamber, and compared the observations with those for ammonium sulfate particles and predictions from a parametric representation of homogeneous freezing of solution particles as a function of water activity and temperature. Since it has been proposed that the rate of homogeneous freezing depends on solution water activity, we made separate measurements of the hygroscopicity (kappa) of the ambient aerosol. Observed kappa ranged from 0.1 to 0.2, lower than that of ammonium sulfate (0.6) and representative of a continental aerosol. As predicted for this difference in kappa, there was no significant difference between the homogeneous freezing conditions of size-selected ammonium sulfate and the apparent homogeneous freezing conditions of same sized ambient aerosol. Further, the parameterization predicted freezing fraction-relative humidity relationships for non size-selected ambient aerosol that differed by only 0.5 to 1.5% relative humidity from observed relations at the tested temperatures, well within experimental uncertainty. Our findings confirm that the tested ambient aerosols, with hygroscopicities typical of continental regions, freeze homogeneously as expected based on present understanding for single component solution drops in the laboratory. Results also confirm that freezing is more sensitive to particle size than to composition, for particles containing at least a few percent by volume of hygroscopic species. Citation: Richardson, M. S., P. J. DeMott, S. M. Kreidenweis, M. D. Petters, and C. M. Carrico (2010), Observations of ice nucleation by ambient aerosol in the homogeneous freezing regime, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L04806, doi:10.1029/2009GL041912. C1 [Richardson, Mathews S.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [DeMott, Paul J.; Kreidenweis, Sonia M.; Petters, Markus D.; Carrico, Christian M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Richardson, Mathews S.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Richardson, MS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM matt.richardson@noaa.gov RI DeMott, Paul/C-4389-2011; Petters, Markus/D-2144-2009; Richardson, Mathews/H-4882-2013; Richardson, Matt/B-4271-2015; Kreidenweis, Sonia/E-5993-2011 OI DeMott, Paul/0000-0002-3719-1889; Petters, Markus/0000-0002-4082-1693; Richardson, Matt/0000-0001-6841-9770; Kreidenweis, Sonia/0000-0002-2561-2914 FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0611936, ATM-0521643] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation, grant numbers ATM-0611936 and ATM-0521643. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 27 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L04806 DI 10.1029/2009GL041912 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 562FR UT WOS:000275035700004 ER PT J AU Alken, P Maus, S AF Alken, Patrick Maus, Stefan TI Relationship between the ionospheric eastward electric field and the equatorial electrojet SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID IRREGULARITIES; RADAR; TURBULENCE; JICAMARCA AB The equatorial electrojet (EEJ) is a strong ionospheric current along the magnetic equator driven by the day side eastward electric field. Current strength is affected by two-stream and gradient-drift instabilities which pose a serious obstacle to quantitative electrodynamic modeling of the equatorial ionosphere. Using highly accurate radar and magnetic field measurements taken over the past decade, we deduce empirical relations between the observed EEJ and the driving eastward electric field. These indicate that the current strength is largely unaffected by instabilities for eastward fields in the range of -0.4 mV/m to 0.07 mV/m. This is followed by a band of moderate current reduction from 0.07 mV/m to 1 mV/m, consistent with predictions for the gradient drift instability. At even stronger eastward fields, a further current reduction is observed, as expected for the two-stream instability. These non-linear empirical relations can be used to correct ionospheric electric field strengths inferred from space and ground-based magnetic field measurements. Citation: Alken, P., and S. Maus (2010), Relationship between the ionospheric eastward electric field and the equatorial electrojet, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L04104, doi: 10.1029/2009GL041989. C1 [Alken, Patrick; Maus, Stefan] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Alken, P (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, E GC 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM patrick.alken@noaa.gov OI Maus, Stefan/0000-0002-9604-3878 FU NSF [ATM-0432565]; NASA [NNX08AG09G] FX The Jicamarca Radio Observatory is gratefully acknowledged for providing the JULIA and ISR radar data as well as the ground-based magnetometer data for this study. The Jicamarca Radio Observatory is a facility of the Instituto Geofisico del Peru operated with support from the NSF Cooperative Agreement ATM-0432565 through Cornell University. The Piura magnetic observatory is gratefully acknowledged for providing ground-based magnetometer data. The operational support of the CHAMP mission by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) is gratefully acknowledged. This work was supported by the NASA grant NNX08AG09G. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 26 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L04104 DI 10.1029/2009GL041989 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 562FQ UT WOS:000275035600003 ER PT J AU Trouet, V Taylor, AH Wahl, ER Skinner, CN Stephens, SL AF Trouet, Valerie Taylor, Alan H. Wahl, Eugene R. Skinner, Carl N. Stephens, Scott L. TI Fire-climate interactions in the American West since 1400 CE SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; REGIMES; PACIFIC; USA; SOUTHWEST; NORTHWEST; HISTORY; FORESTS; RANGE AB Despite a strong anthropogenic fingerprint on 20th Century wildland fire activity in the American West, climate remains a main driver. A better understanding of the spatiotemporal variability in fire-climate interactions is therefore crucial for fire management. Here, we present annually resolved, tree-ring based fire records for four regions in the American West that extend back to 1400 CE. In all regions, years with high fire activity were characterized by widespread yet regionally distinct summer droughts. Overall fire activity was high in late Medieval times, when much of the American West was affected by mega-droughts. A distinct decline in fire activity in the late 16th Century corresponds with anomalously low temperatures during the Little Ice Age and a decline in Native American fire use. The high spatiotemporal resolution of our fire record discloses a time-frequency dependent climatic influence on wildfire regimes in the American West that needs to be accounted for in fire models. Citation: Trouet, V., A. H. Taylor, E. R. Wahl, C. N. Skinner, and S. L. Stephens (2010), Fire-climate interactions in the American West since 1400 CE, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L04702, doi: 10.1029/2009GL041695. C1 [Trouet, Valerie] WSL, Swiss Fed Res Inst, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. [Taylor, Alan H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Wahl, Eugene R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Paleoclimate Branch, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Skinner, Carl N.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Redding, CA 96002 USA. [Stephens, Scott L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Trouet, V (reprint author), WSL, Swiss Fed Res Inst, Zurcherstr 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. EM trouet@wsl.ch FU USDI/USDA [04-JV-11272162-407] FX This research was supported by a cooperative agreement with the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station (04-JV-11272162-407) from funds provided by the USDI/USDA Interagency Joint Fire Sciences Program and a Deike Research grant. The regional temperature reconstructions were supported by the Weather and Climate Impacts Science Assessment initiative at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). We thank Jan Esper and David Frank for helpful suggestions. NR 35 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 25 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L04702 DI 10.1029/2009GL041695 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 562FP UT WOS:000275035500003 ER PT J AU dos Santos, RG Martins, AS Torezani, E Baptistotte, C Farias, JD Horta, PA Work, TM Balazs, GH AF dos Santos, Robson Guimaraes Martins, Agnaldo Silva Torezani, Evelise Baptistotte, Cecilia Farias, Julyana da Nobrega Horta, Paulo Antunes Work, Thierry M. Balazs, George H. TI Relationship between fibropapillomatosis and environmental quality: a case study with Chelonia mydas off Brazil SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Fibropapillomatosis; Environmental quality; Chelonia mydas; Green turtle; Ecological index; Brazil ID GREEN TURTLE FIBROPAPILLOMATOSIS; HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; SEA-TURTLES; BIODIVERSITY; HERPESVIRUS; MACROALGAE; COMMUNITY; PATHOLOGY; PATTERNS; WILDLIFE AB We documented the presence of fibropapillomatosis (FP), a debilitating tumor-forming disease, in marine turtles in Espirito Santo Bay (Brazil) from March 2007 to April 2008, and assessed the value of a specific environmental index for predicting the prevalence of FP. Turtles were captured monthly with entanglement nets and scored for presence and severity of FP. For the assessment of habitat quality, we used the ecological evaluation index (EEI) based on benthic macrophytes. The FP-free control area was classified as good quality (EEI = 8) and the study area, with high FP prevalence, was classified as bad quality (EEI = 2). Prevalence of FP in the study area was 58.3% with an average of 40 tumors per individual, and prevalence varied positively with curved carapace length (CCL). No FP was seen in the control area. The number of turtles heavily afflicted (tumor score category 3) was 10 times larger than those lightly affected (tumor score category 1). Most tumors were found on or near the front and rear flippers; no oral tumors or internal tumors were found. At recapture, 41% of formerly tumor-free turtles revealed FP, often increasing in severity with time, and very few turtles showed signs of disease regression. From the results of this study we concluded that FP is particularly severe in Espirito Santo Bay. Future studies should focus on evaluating how widespread FP is in Brazil, whether prevalence is increasing or decreasing, and elucidating the pathology and pathogenesis of FP in sea turtles in Brazil. C1 [dos Santos, Robson Guimaraes; Martins, Agnaldo Silva] Univ Fed Espirito Santo, CCHN, Dept Oceanog & Ecol, BR-29075910 Vitoria, ES, Brazil. [Torezani, Evelise; Baptistotte, Cecilia] Projeto TAMAR ICMBio, BR-29040715 Vitoria, ES, Brazil. [Farias, Julyana da Nobrega; Horta, Paulo Antunes] Univ Fed Santa Catarina, CCB, Dept Bot, BR-88010970 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. [Work, Thierry M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. [Balazs, George H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP dos Santos, RG (reprint author), Univ Fed Espirito Santo, CCHN, Dept Oceanog & Ecol, BR-29075910 Vitoria, ES, Brazil. EM robsongsantos@gmail.com RI Martins, Agnaldo/F-1615-2011; Horta, Paulo/E-5236-2013; SANTOS, ROBSON/E-7183-2010; Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015; Horta, Paulo/L-3092-2015 OI Martins, Agnaldo/0000-0003-2160-1326; SANTOS, ROBSON/0000-0001-5240-6799; Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090; FU FAPES; CAPES; TAMAR/ICMBio; CNPq [308867/2006-8] FX We thank the FAPES, CAPES, TAMAR/ICMBio and CNPq (ASM grant 308867/2006-8) for the financial support, the TAMAR team for helping with the field work, Acqua Sub and its team for lending SCUBA equipment and helping in the collecting of macroalgae. NR 49 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 26 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD FEB 24 PY 2010 VL 89 IS 1 BP 87 EP 95 DI 10.3354/dao02178 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 571FT UT WOS:000275737800010 PM 20391916 ER PT J AU Miya, M Pietsch, TW Orr, JW Arnold, RJ Satoh, TP Shedlock, AM Ho, HC Shimazaki, M Yabe, M Nishida, M AF Miya, Masaki Pietsch, Theodore W. Orr, James W. Arnold, Rachel J. Satoh, Takashi P. Shedlock, Andrew M. Ho, Hsuan-Ching Shimazaki, Mitsuomi Yabe, Mamoru Nishida, Mutsumi TI Evolutionary history of anglerfishes (Teleostei: Lophiiformes): a mitogenomic perspective SO BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA SEQUENCE; PHYLOGENETIC TREE SELECTION; HIGHER-LEVEL RELATIONSHIPS; RAY-FINNED FISH; GENOME SEQUENCES; TETRAODONTIFORM FISHES; LOPHIID ANGLERFISHES; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; LIKELIHOOD APPROACH; DIVERGENCE TIME AB Background: The teleost order Lophiiformes, commonly known as the anglerfishes, contains a diverse array of marine fishes, ranging from benthic shallow-water dwellers to highly modified deep-sea midwater species. They comprise 321 living species placed in 68 genera, 18 families and 5 suborders, but approximately half of the species diversity is occupied by deep-sea ceratioids distributed among 11 families. The evolutionary origins of such remarkable habitat and species diversity, however, remain elusive because of the lack of fresh material for a majority of the deep-sea ceratioids and incompleteness of the fossil record across all of the Lophiiformes. To obtain a comprehensive picture of the phylogeny and evolutionary history of the anglerfishes, we assembled whole mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequences from 39 lophiiforms (33 newly determined during this study) representing all five suborders and 17 of the 18 families. Sequences of 77 higher teleosts including the 39 lophiiform sequences were unambiguously aligned and subjected to phylogenetic analysis and divergence time estimation. Results: Partitioned maximum likelihood analysis confidently recovered monophyly for all of the higher taxa (including the order itself) with the exception of the Thaumatichthyidae (Lasiognathus was deeply nested within the Oneirodidae). The mitogenomic trees strongly support the most basal and an apical position of the Lophioidei and a clade comprising Chaunacoidei + Ceratioidei, respectively, although alternative phylogenetic positions of the remaining two suborders (Antennarioidei and Ogcocephaloidei) with respect to the above two lineages are statistically indistinguishable. While morphology-based intra-subordinal relationships for relatively shallow, benthic dwellers (Lophioidei, Antennarioidei, Ogcocephaloidei, Chaunacoidei) are either congruent with or statistically indistinguishable from the present mitogenomic tree, those of the principally deep-sea midwater dwellers (Ceratioidei) cannot be reconciled with the molecular phylogeny. A relaxed molecular-clock Bayesian analysis of the divergence times suggests that all of the subordinal diversifications have occurred during a relatively short time period between 100 and 130 Myr ago (early to mid Cretaceous). Conclusions: The mitogenomic analyses revealed previously unappreciated phylogenetic relationships among the lophiiform suborders and ceratioid familes. Although the latter relationships cannot be reconciled with the earlier hypotheses based on morphology, we found that simple exclusion of the reductive or simplified characters can alleviate some of the conflict. The acquisition of novel features, such as male dwarfism, bioluminescent lures, and unique reproductive modes allowed the deep-sea ceratioids to diversify rapidly in a largely unexploited, food-poor bathypelagic zone (200-2000 m depth) relative to the other lophiiforms occurring in shallow coastal areas. C1 [Miya, Masaki] Nat Hist Museum & Inst, Chuo Ku, Chiba 2608682, Japan. [Pietsch, Theodore W.; Arnold, Rachel J.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Coll Ocean & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Orr, James W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Satoh, Takashi P.] Natl Museum Nat & Sci, Collect Ctr, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1690073, Japan. [Shedlock, Andrew M.] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Museum Comparat Zool, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ho, Hsuan-Ching] Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Inst Marine Biol, Chilung 202, Taiwan. [Shimazaki, Mitsuomi; Yabe, Mamoru] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Fisheries Sci, Lab Marine Biodivers, Hakodate, Hokkaido 0418611, Japan. [Nishida, Mutsumi] Univ Tokyo, Ocean Res Inst, Nakano Ku, Tokyo 1648689, Japan. RP Pietsch, TW (reprint author), Nat Hist Museum & Inst, Chuo Ku, 955-2 Aoba Cho, Chiba 2608682, Japan. EM miya@chiba-muse.or.jp FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan [12NP0201, 15380131, 17207007, 19207007]; U.S. National Science Foundation [DEB-0314637] FX This study would not have been possible without donation of the study materials, for which we would like to thank A. Bentley, J.H. Caruso, H. Endo, A. Graham, K. E. Hartel, M. McGrouther, T. T. Sutton, E.O. Wiley, and M. Yamaguchi. We also thank J.G. Inoue for his kind advice in divergence time estimation, Y. Yamanoue for providing the pre-aligned sequences used in Yamanoue et al. [27], and C. P. Kenaley and D. E. Stevenson for helpful discussions. We thank the following for allowing us to reproduce their photographs: J.H. Caruso, P. David, D. B. Grobecker, C. P. Kenaley, R. Kuiter, D. Shale, and E. A. Widder. This study was supported in part by Grants-in-Aid from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (12NP0201, 15380131, 17207007, and 19207007); and by the U.S. National Science Foundation Grant DEB-0314637, T. W. Pietsch, principal investigator. NR 95 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 7 U2 70 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2148 J9 BMC EVOL BIOL JI BMC Evol. Biol. PD FEB 23 PY 2010 VL 10 AR 58 DI 10.1186/1471-2148-10-58 PG 27 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 569NJ UT WOS:000275603700001 PM 20178642 ER PT J AU Ro, HW Park, ES Soles, CL Yoon, DY AF Ro, Hyun Wook Park, Eun Su Soles, Christopher L. Yoon, Do Y. TI Structure-Property Relationships for Methylsilsesquioxanes SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY REFLECTIVITY; SPIN-ON-GLASS; LOW-K; METHYL SILSESQUIOXANE; THIN-FILMS; HYDROGEN SILSESQUIOXANE; THERMAL-PROPERTIES; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; POLY(METHYLSILSESQUIOXANE)S; MICROSTRUCTURE AB Critical structure-property relationships are delineated for a widely used class of methylsilsesquioxane (MSQ) materials. We obtained a range of MSQ prepolymers with different microstructures by varying the synthetic conditions. The structure of such different oligomers were measured and correlated with the physical properties of final (thermally cured) MSQ films. The microstructural analysis was performed using a combination of graphite plate laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GPLDI-TOF MS), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). These measurements show that, as the MSQs grow in size, the propensity to form closed cage-type architectures is higher for molecular masses below 1000 u. When these prepolymers are spin-cast into thin films and thermally cured (vitrified) into Final organosilicate polymers, the cage-type microstructures have detrimental effects on the physical properties of the film. They result in films with poor optical quality and a very large coefficient of thermal expansion. The structural basis for these variations in the physical properties is discussed in detail. C1 [Ro, Hyun Wook; Park, Eun Su; Yoon, Do Y.] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 151747, South Korea. [Ro, Hyun Wook; Soles, Christopher L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ro, HW (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 151747, South Korea. EM hyun.ro@nist.gov; csoles@nist.gov; dyyoon@snu.ac.kr FU Brain Korea 21 Project; Korean government; National Institute of Standards and Technology Office FX We thank Profs. J.-K. Lee and H.-J. Kim for the helpful discussions on this work. This work was supported in part by the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Program of the Brain Korea 21 Project and the "System IC 2010 Project" of the Korean government. The authors also acknowledge the financial support from the National Institute of Standards and Technology Office of Microelectronics Programs. NR 35 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD FEB 23 PY 2010 VL 22 IS 4 BP 1330 EP 1339 DI 10.1021/cm901771y PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 555RI UT WOS:000274531300012 ER PT J AU Reinard, AA Henthorn, J Komm, R Hill, F AF Reinard, A. A. Henthorn, J. Komm, R. Hill, F. TI EVIDENCE THAT TEMPORAL CHANGES IN SOLAR SUBSURFACE HELICITY PRECEDE ACTIVE REGION FLARING SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Sun: activity; Sun: corona; Sun: flares ID RING DIAGRAMS; FLARES AB We report on the analysis of subsurface vorticity/helicity measurements for flare producing and quiet active regions. We have developed a parameter to investigate whether large, decreasing kinetic helicity density commonly occurs prior to active region flaring. This new parameter is effective at separating flaring and non-flaring active regions and even separates among C-, M-, and X-class flare producing regions. In addition, this parameter provides advance notice of flare occurrence, as it increases 2-3 days before the flare occurs. These results are striking on an average basis, though on an individual basis there is still considerable overlap between flare associated and non-flare associated values. We propose the following qualitative scenario for flare production: subsurface rotational kinetic energy twists the magnetic field lines into an unstable configuration, resulting in explosive reconnection and a flare. C1 [Reinard, A. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Reinard, A. A.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Henthorn, J.] Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Komm, R.; Hill, F.] Natl Solar Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Reinard, AA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM alysha.reinard@noaa.gov RI Reinard, Alysha/H-7808-2013 OI Reinard, Alysha/0000-0003-0304-2989 FU NASA [NNG08EI54I, NNH07CD25C]; AFOSR [F49620-00-C-0004, F49620-03-C-0019] FX This work utilizes data obtained by the Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) program, managed by the National Solar Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA), Inc. under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. The data were acquired by instruments operated by the Big Bear Solar Observatory, High Altitude Observatory, Learmonth Solar Observatory, Udaipur Solar Observatory, Instituto de Astrof'i sica de Canarias, and Cerro Tololo Interamerican Observatory. This work was supported by the NASA Grant NNG08EI54I to the National Solar Observatory. The discriminant analysis code was developed by Barnes and Leka with funding from AFOSR under contracts F49620-00-C-0004, F49620-03-C-0019, and from NASA under contract NNH07CD25C. We thank the referee for helpful comments that improved the clarity of this Letter. NR 15 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD FEB 20 PY 2010 VL 710 IS 2 BP L121 EP L125 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/710/2/L121 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 567BR UT WOS:000275417800005 ER PT J AU Chang, YS Rosati, AJ Vecchi, GA AF Chang, You-Soon Rosati, Anthony J. Vecchi, Gabriel A. TI Basin patterns of global sea level changes for 2004-2007 SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Sea level budget; Satellite altimetry; Argo; GRACE; Basin-scale ID OCEAN HEAT-CONTENT; IN-SITU; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; GRACE; SALINITY AB Based on independent observations, we estimate the sea level budget and linear trends for individual ocean basins and the world ocean during 2004-2007. Even though it is confirmed that the seasonal variation of global sea level is balanced by the different sea level components (total sea level change from satellite altimetry equals to the sum of the steric height contribution obtained by Argo profiles and any variability in ocean mass observed from GRACE), basin-scale sea level budgets show very different characteristics. Sea level budgets over the South Pacific and Antarctic Ocean maintain a good balance both on seasonal to interannual time scales. Meanwhile, only the satellite altimeter data exhibits a large 4-year trend over the South Indian Ocean. This basin significantly impacts the magnitude of the disagreement for the global sea level budget. Large differences among the 3 different gravity fields related to the hydrologic signals in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean could be one of the major causes of the imbalance in the global sea level budget. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chang, You-Soon; Rosati, Anthony J.; Vecchi, Gabriel A.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Chang, YS (reprint author), Princeton Univ, GFDL NOAA, Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM You-Soon.Chang@noaa.gov RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X FU Visiting Scientist Program at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (NOAA/GFDL); CNES; NASA FX This research was supported by the Visiting Scientist Program at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (NOAA/GFDL), administered by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR). We acknowledge the international Argo program for the rich publicly-available database. These data were collected and made freely available by the International Argo Project and the national programs that contribute to it. (http://www.argo.ucsd.edu, http://argojcom-mops.org). Argo is a pilot program of the Global Ocean Observing System. We are also grateful to Dr. Dean Roemmich for providing their gridded Argo dataset. The altimeter products were produced by SSALTO/DUACS and distributed by AVISO with support from CNES. GRACE data were processed by D. P. Chambers, supported by the NASA Earth Science REASON GRACE Project, and are available at http://grace.jpl.nasa.gov. We thank Drs. R.J. Stouffer, K.W. Dixon,and anonymous reviewers for their comments on the earlier version of this manuscript. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 EI 1879-1573 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD FEB 20 PY 2010 VL 80 IS 1-2 BP 115 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2009.11.003 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 561NX UT WOS:000274985800010 ER PT J AU Onate, E Rossi, R Idelsohn, SR Butler, KM AF Onate, Eugenio Rossi, Riccardo Idelsohn, Sergio R. Butler, Kathryn M. TI Melting and spread of polymers in fire with the particle finite element method SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE melting; dripping; polymers; particle finite element method ID FLOWS; FORMULATION; MECHANICS; CALCULUS AB A new computational procedure for analysis of the melting and flame spread of polymers under fire conditions is presented. The method. termed particle finite element method (PFEM). combines concepts from particle-based techniques With those of the standard finite element method (FEM). The key feature of the PFEM is the use of all updated Lagrangian description to model the motion of nodes, (particles) in the thermoplastic material. Nodes are viewed as material points that can freely move and even separate from the main analysis domain representing, for instance. the effect of melting and dripping Of polymer particles. A mesh connects the nodes defining the discretized domain where the governing equations are solved as ill the standard FEM. An incremental iterative scheme For the solution of the non-linear transient-coupled thermal-flow problem. including, loss of mass by gasification, is used. Examples of the possibilities of the PFEM for the modeling and simulation of the melting and flame spread of polymers under different fire conditions are described. Numerical results are compared with experimental data provided by NIST. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Onate, Eugenio; Rossi, Riccardo; Idelsohn, Sergio R.] Tech Univ Catalonia UPC, CIMNE, Barcelona 08034, Spain. [Butler, Kathryn M.] NIST, BFRL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Onate, E (reprint author), Tech Univ Catalonia UPC, CIMNE, Gran Capitan S-N, Barcelona 08034, Spain. EM onate@cimne.upc.edu RI Idelsohn, Sergio/P-7102-2014; Rossi, Riccardo/C-9982-2015; ONATE, EUGENIO/I-2758-2014; OI Rossi, Riccardo/0000-0003-0528-7074; ONATE, EUGENIO/0000-0002-0804-7095; Idelsohn, Sergio/0000-0003-0034-7883 FU Publishing Arts Research Council [98-1846389] FX Contract/grant sponsor: Publishing Arts Research Council: contract/grant number: 98-1846389 NR 23 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0029-5981 J9 INT J NUMER METH ENG JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. PD FEB 19 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 8 BP 1046 EP 1072 DI 10.1002/nme.2731 PG 27 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 554DN UT WOS:000274415800004 ER PT J AU Johnson, WL Kim, SA Geiss, R Flannery, CM Soles, CL Wang, C Stafford, CM Wu, WL Torres, JM Vogt, BD Heyliger, PR AF Johnson, W. L. Kim, S. A. Geiss, R. Flannery, C. M. Soles, C. L. Wang, C. Stafford, C. M. Wu, W-L Torres, J. M. Vogt, B. D. Heyliger, P. R. TI Elastic constants and dimensions of imprinted polymeric nanolines determined from Brillouin light scattering SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; THIN-FILMS; NANOSTRUCTURES; METROLOGY; POLYSTYRENE AB Elastic constants and cross-sectional dimensions of imprinted nanolines of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) on silicon substrates are determined nondestructively from finite-element inversion analysis of dispersion curves of hypersonic acoustic modes of these nanolines measured with Brillouin light scattering. The results for the cross-sectional dimensions, under the simplifying assumption of vertical sides and a semicircular top, are found to be consistent with dimensions determined from critical-dimension small-angle x-ray scattering measurements. The elastic constants C-11 and C-44 are found to be, respectively, 11.6% and 3.1% lower than their corresponding values for bulk PMMA. This result is consistent with the dimensional dependence of the quasi-static Young's modulus determined from buckling measurements on PMMA films with lower molecular weights. This study provides the first evidence of size-dependent effects on hypersonic elastic properties of polymers. C1 [Johnson, W. L.; Kim, S. A.; Geiss, R.; Flannery, C. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Soles, C. L.; Wang, C.; Stafford, C. M.; Wu, W-L] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Torres, J. M.; Vogt, B. D.] Arizona State Univ, Flexible Display Ctr, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. [Heyliger, P. R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Johnson, WL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD FEB 19 PY 2010 VL 21 IS 7 AR 075703 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/21/7/075703 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 546QE UT WOS:000273824500016 PM 20081293 ER PT J AU Chou, CW Hume, DB Koelemeij, JCJ Wineland, DJ Rosenband, T AF Chou, C. W. Hume, D. B. Koelemeij, J. C. J. Wineland, D. J. Rosenband, T. TI Frequency Comparison of Two High-Accuracy Al+ Optical Clocks SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ION-TRAP; SPECTROSCOPY; IONIZATION; TRANSITION; STANDARD; ATOM AB We have constructed an optical clock with a fractional frequency inaccuracy of 8.6 x 10(-18), based on quantum logic spectroscopy of an Al+ ion. A simultaneously trapped Mg+ ion serves to sympathetically laser cool the Al+ ion and detect its quantum state. The frequency of the S-1(0) <-> P-3(0) clock transition is compared to that of a previously constructed Al+ optical clock with a statistical measurement uncertainty of 7.0 x 10(-18). The two clocks exhibit a relative stability of 2.8 x 10(-15)tau(-1/2), and a fractional frequency difference of -1.8 x 10(-17), consistent with the accuracy limit of the older clock. C1 [Chou, C. W.; Hume, D. B.; Koelemeij, J. C. J.; Wineland, D. J.; Rosenband, T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Chou, CW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM chinwen@nist.gov FU ONR; Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) FX We thank J.C. Bergquist for use of his stable Fabry-Perot cavities, T. M. Fortier for optical frequency measurements, W. M. Itano for atomic structure calculations, and S. Bickman and D. Leibrandt for helpful comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by ONR. J.C. J.K. acknowledges support from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). Contribution of NIST, not subject to U.S. copyright. NR 23 TC 454 Z9 471 U1 15 U2 98 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 19 PY 2010 VL 104 IS 7 AR 070802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.070802 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 557JD UT WOS:000274664500009 PM 20366869 ER PT J AU Roscioli, JR Nesbitt, DJ AF Roscioli, Joseph R. Nesbitt, David J. TI State-Resolved Scattering at Room-Temperature Ionic Liquid-Vacuum Interfaces: Anion Dependence and the Role of Dynamic versus Equilibrium Effects SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; INELASTIC-SCATTERING; HYDROCARBON SURFACE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; GAS SEPARATIONS; ENERGY-TRANSFER; CO2 SCATTERING; OXYGEN-ATOMS; SOLUBILITY; COLLISIONS AB Supported room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) membranes are of industrial interest as possible carbon-sequestration and CO(2)-scrubbing agents, specifically in natural gas reforming processes. We report state-resolved scattering studies of CO(2) from alkylimidazolium-based RTIL surfaces, containing either BF(4)(-) or Tf(2)N(-) anions. The scattered CO(2) exhibits a two-temperature rotational distribution, well described in the context of a trapping desorption/impulsive scattering (TD/IS) model. We find that the scattering dynamics are highly dependent upon the anion identity, implying that the anions are present at the interface and play a role in the gas liquid. collisions Trends in the trapping-desorption. fractions are in stark opposition with trends in the bulk Henry's Law solubility constants, clearly highlighting the critical role of nonequilibrium dynamics over equilibrium bulk solubility properties in these high-energy collisions. These results are discussed in the context of composition, geometry, and local corrugation at the interface. C1 [Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@jila.colorado.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Science Foundation; National Research Council FX Support for this work is provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, with the initial diode laser equipment funding provided by the National Science Foundation. J.R.R. would also like to thank the National Research Council for postdoctoral fellowship support. NR 47 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7185 J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett. PD FEB 18 PY 2010 VL 1 IS 4 BP 674 EP 678 DI 10.1021/jz900316g PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 588BH UT WOS:000277040600001 ER PT J AU Jaruga, P Xiao, Y Vartanian, V Lloyd, RS Dizdaroglu, M AF Jaruga, Pawel Xiao, Yan Vartanian, Vladimir Lloyd, R. Stephen Dizdaroglu, Miral TI Evidence for the Involvement of DNA Repair Enzyme NEIL1 in Nucleotide Excision Repair of (5 ' R)- and (5 ' S)-8,5 '-Cyclo-2 '-deoxyadenosines SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID OXIDATIVELY DAMAGED DNA; COLI ENDONUCLEASE-VIII; GROUP-B PROTEIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; MODIFIED BASES; GLYCOSYLASE; PATHWAY; PHOTOLYASE AB The DNA repair enzyme NEIL1 isa DNA glycosylase that is involved in the first step of base excision repair (BER) of oxidatively induced DNA damage. NEIL1 exhibits a strong preference for excision of 4,6-diamino5-formamidopyrimidine (FapyAde) and 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine (FapyGUa) from DNA with no specificity for 8-hydroxyguanine (8-OH-Gua). Ill this Study, we report oil the significant accumulation Of (5'R)-8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyadenosine (R-cdA) and (5'S)-8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyadenosine (S-cdA) in liver DNA of neil1(-1)mice that were not exposed to exogenous oxidative stress, While no accumulation of these lesions was observed in liver DNA from control or oggl(-/-) mice. Significant accumulation of FapyGua was detected in liver DNA of both neil1(-/-) and oggl(-/-) mice, while 8-OH-GUa accumulated in ogg1(-/-) only. Since R-cdA and S-cdA contain an 8,5'-covalent bond between the base and Sugar moieties, they cannot be repaired by BER. There is evidence that these lesions are repaired by nucleotide excision repair (NER). Since the accumulation of R-cdA and S-cdA in neil1(-1) mice strongly points to the Failure or their repair, these data suggest that NEIL1 is involved in NER of R-cdA and S-cdA. Further studies aimed Lit elucidating the rnechanisill of action of NEIL1 in N ER are warranted. C1 [Jaruga, Pawel; Xiao, Yan; Dizdaroglu, Miral] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jaruga, Pawel] Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Coll Med, Dept Clin Biochem, Bydgoszcz, Poland. [Vartanian, Vladimir; Lloyd, R. Stephen] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Mol & Med Genet, Ctr Res Occupat & Environm Toxicol, Portland, OR 97239 USA. RP Dizdaroglu, M (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM miral@nist.gov RI Jaruga, Pawel/M-4378-2015 FU National Institutes of Health [DK075974] FX This research was supported in part by National Institutes of Health Grant DK075974 (R.S.L.). NR 28 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD FEB 16 PY 2010 VL 49 IS 6 BP 1053 EP 1055 DI 10.1021/bi902161f PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 553CI UT WOS:000274342000001 PM 20067321 ER PT J AU Moritz, MA Moody, TJ Krawchuk, MA Hughes, M Hall, A AF Moritz, M. A. Moody, Tadashi J. Krawchuk, Meg A. Hughes, Mimi Hall, Alex TI Spatial variation in extreme winds predicts large wildfire locations in chaparral ecosystems SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIRE REGIMES; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; FOREST; SUPPRESSION AB Fire plays a crucial role in many ecosystems, and a better understanding of different controls on fire activity is needed. Here we analyze spatial variation in fire danger during episodic wind events in coastal southern California, a densely populated Mediterranean-climate region. By reconstructing almost a decade of fire weather patterns through detailed simulations of Santa Ana winds, we produced the first high-resolution map of where these hot, dry winds are consistently most severe and which areas are relatively sheltered. We also analyzed over half a century of mapped fire history in chaparral ecosystems of the region, finding that our models successfully predict where the largest wildfires are most likely to occur. There is a surprising lack of information about extreme wind patterns worldwide, and more quantitative analyses of their spatial variation will be important for effective fire management and sustainable long-term urban development on fire-prone landscapes. Citation: Moritz, M. A., T. J. Moody, M. A. Krawchuk, M. Hughes, and A. Hall (2010), Spatial variation in extreme winds predicts large wildfire locations in chaparral ecosystems, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L04801, doi:10.1029/2009GL041735. C1 [Moritz, M. A.; Moody, Tadashi J.; Krawchuk, Meg A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94270 USA. [Hughes, Mimi; Hall, Alex] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Hughes, Mimi] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Moritz, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94270 USA. EM mmoritz@berkeley.edu RI Hughes, Mimi/C-3710-2009; Hall, Alex/D-8175-2014 OI Hughes, Mimi/0000-0002-4554-9289; FU U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [ATM-0747533]; U.S. Joint Fire Sciences Program [04-1-2-01]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX We thank the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF ATM-0747533), U.S. Joint Fire Sciences Program (project 04-1-2-01), and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada for funding portions of this work. We also appreciate early discussions with J. E. Keeley and an anonymous reviewer's suggestions for improving the work. NR 24 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 5 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 16 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L04801 DI 10.1029/2009GL041735 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 558ZG UT WOS:000274788200001 ER PT J AU Zeiger, DN Stafford, CM Cheng, YJ Leigh, SD Lin-Gibson, S Lin, NJ AF Zeiger, Diana N. Stafford, Christopher M. Cheng, Yajun Leigh, Stefan D. Lin-Gibson, Sheng Lin, Nancy J. TI Effects of Sample Preparation on Bacterial Colonization of Polymers SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; RESTORATIVE MATERIALS; STREPTOCOCCUS-MUTANS; RESIN COMPOSITES; ADHESION; ATTACHMENT; ADHERENCE; SALIVA; PLAQUE AB Characterization of materials developed for medical usage frequently includes studies in which the materials are inoculated with bacteria in order to assess bacterial colonization and biofilm formation. Observed differences in bacterial growth are typically considered to be due to the material or the incubation conditions. To our knowledge, the method Used to prepare the materials has generally not been considered with regard to its influence oil bacterial colonization. The objective of this study was to determine the effects that various preparation methods exert oil bacterial colonization of polymer disks. Polymer disks of the same dimethacrylate composition were photopolymerized: (1) between untreated glass slides, (2) between polyester release film, (3) between glass slides treated with all alkyl silane, (4) between glass slides treated with a perfluorinated silane, or (5) with one free surface in all argon-purged chamber. Surface chemistry was quantified using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, hydrophobicity was assessed by water contact angle, and topography was characterized using atomic force microscopy. The disks were inoculated with Streptococcus mutans For 4 h, fixed, and visualized using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Differences among all groups were found with regard to surface chemistry, hydrophobicity, topography, and bacteria morphology, density, and coverage, indicating that the method or sample preparation strongly affects both the Surface properties and the initial bacterial colonization. Polymerization Oil untreated slides was selected as the preferred method of preparation due to minimal material transfer to the polymer and consistent, reproducible bacterial colornization. C1 [Zeiger, Diana N.; Stafford, Christopher M.; Cheng, Yajun; Lin-Gibson, Sheng; Lin, Nancy J.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Leigh, Stefan D.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lin, NJ (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nancy.lin@nist.gov OI Cheng, Ya-Jun/0000-0002-0932-295X FU NIDCR NIH HHS [Y01 DE7005-01, Y1-DE-7005-01] NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD FEB 16 PY 2010 VL 26 IS 4 BP 2659 EP 2664 DI 10.1021/la902920n PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 553CK UT WOS:000274342200070 PM 19839634 ER PT J AU Seo, J Kim, TH Chung, SH Oh, Y Choi, JH Kuk, Y AF Seo, Jungpil Kim, T. -H. Chung, S. -H. Oh, Y. Choi, J. H. Kuk, Young TI Tuning magnetostatic interaction in single-crystalline nanodot arrays with in-plane easy axes SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE iron; magnetisation; magnetostatics; nanomagnetics; quantum dots; scanning tunnelling microscopy ID SURFACES; W(110); DOMAIN AB We have fabricated an ultrahigh-vacuum-processed, ordered, single-crystalline nanodot array. By mapping the magnetization of the nanodots with spin polarized scanning tunneling microscopy in the same chamber where they were grown, we are able to understand how the short-range order of the nanodot array is determined by the magnetostatic dipole interaction among neighboring nanodots. We also demonstrate tuning the magnetic interaction in the nanodot array by controlling those magnetic energies. Further magnetic simulations support the observed results consistently. C1 [Seo, Jungpil; Oh, Y.; Kuk, Young] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Seoul 151747, South Korea. [Kim, T. -H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Chung, S. -H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Choi, J. H.] Korea Adv Nanofab Ctr, Suwon 443270, South Korea. RP Kuk, Y (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Seoul 151747, South Korea. EM ykuk@phya.snu.ac.kr RI Kim, Tae-Hwan/A-5636-2010; OI Kim, Tae-Hwan/0000-0001-5328-0913; Oh, Youngtek/0000-0002-2791-4545 NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 2010 VL 96 IS 7 AR 073106 DI 10.1063/1.3323094 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 558PX UT WOS:000274758100067 ER PT J AU Holbrook, RD Kline, CN Filliben, JJ AF Holbrook, R. David Kline, Carly N. Filliben, James J. TI Impact of Source Water Quality on Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Coagulation SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER; DRINKING-WATER; NANOPARTICLES; NANOMATERIALS; ENVIRONMENT; STABILITY; ASBESTOS; CYTOTOXICITY; AGGREGATION; SUSPENSIONS AB Potable water treatment facilities may become an important barrier in limiting human exposure to engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) as ENPs begin to contaminate natural aquatic systems. Coagulation of ENPs will likely be a major process that controls the ENP fate and the subsequent removal in the aqueous phase. The influence that source water quality has on ENP coagulation is still relatively unknown. The current study uses a 2(3) x 2(4-1) fractional factorial design to identify seven key surface water constituents that affect multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) coagulation. These seven factors include: influent concentrations of kaolin, organic matter (OM), alginate, and MWCNTs; type and dosage of coagulant and method of MWCNT stabilization. MWCNT removal was most affected by coagulant type and dosage, with alum outperforming ferric chloride at circumneutral pH. None of the other factors were universally significant but instead depended on coagulant type, dose, and method of stabilization. In all cases where factors were found to have a significant impact on MWCNT removal, however, the relationship was consistent higher influent concentrations of kaolin and alginate improved MWCNT removal while higher influent concentrations of OM hindered MWCNT coagulation. Once MWCNTs are released into the natural environment their coagulation behavior will be determined by the type and quantity of pollutants (i.e., factors) present in the aquatic environment and are governed by the same mechanisms that influence the colloidal stability of "natural" nanoparticles. C1 [Holbrook, R. David] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kline, Carly N.] Kutztown State Univ, Dept Chem, Kutztown, PA 19530 USA. [Filliben, James J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Holbrook, RD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dave.holbrook@nist.gov FU NIST Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) FX C.N.K. was financially supported by a 2007 NIST Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF). Bastian Pellegrin (TGA analysis) and Matt Staymates (impeller fabrication), both of NIST, and Charles Bott (jar tester) of VMI are gratefully acknowledged. We also thank the three anonymous reviewers for improving this manuscript with their constructive comments. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this work to adequately specify the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 39 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 15 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1386 EP 1391 DI 10.1021/es902946j PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 553EC UT WOS:000274347800037 PM 20092299 ER PT J AU Horansky, RD Stiehl, GM Beall, JA Irwin, KD Plionis, AA Rabin, MW Ullom, JN AF Horansky, Robert D. Stiehl, Gregory M. Beall, James A. Irwin, Kent D. Plionis, Alexander A. Rabin, Michael W. Ullom, Joel N. TI Measurement of ion cascade energies through resolution degradation of alpha particle microcalorimeters SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE alpha-particle detection; alpha-particle effects; calorimeters; particle detectors; ubiquitous computing ID TRANSITION-EDGE SENSORS; X-RAY; ELECTRON-EMISSION; DETECTORS; DEFECT; SPECTROMETERS; METALS; ARRAY AB Atomic cascades caused by ions impinging on bulk materials have remained of interest to the scientific community since their discovery by Goldstein in 1902. While considerable effort has been spent describing and, more recently, simulating these cascades, tools that can study individual events are lacking and several aspects of cascade behavior remain poorly known. These aspects include the material energies that determine cascade magnitude and the variation between cascades produced by monoenergetic ions. We have recently developed an alpha particle detector with a thermodynamic resolution near 100 eV full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) and an achieved resolution of 1.06 keV FWHM for 5.3 MeV particles. The detector relies on the absorption of particles by a bulk material and a thermal change in a superconducting thermometer. The achieved resolution of this detector provides the highest resolving power of any energy dispersive technique and a factor of 8 improvement over semiconductor detectors. The exquisite resolution can be directly applied to improved measurements of fundamental nuclear decays and nuclear forensics. In addition, we propose that the discrepancy between the thermodynamic and achieved resolution is due to fluctuations in lattice damage caused by ion-induced cascades in the absorber. Hence, this new detector is capable of measuring the kinetic energy converted to lattice damage in individual atomic cascades. This capability allows new measurements of cascade dynamics; for example, we find that the ubiquitous modeling program, SRIM, significantly underestimates the lattice damage caused in bulk tin by 5.3 MeV alpha particles. C1 [Horansky, Robert D.; Stiehl, Gregory M.; Beall, James A.; Irwin, Kent D.; Ullom, Joel N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Plionis, Alexander A.; Rabin, Michael W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Horansky, RD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway,MS 817-03, Boulder, CO USA. EM horansky@nist.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy through the Office of Nonproliferation Research and Development; LANL/LDRD; Department of Homeland Security; NSF [IIS 0813777] FX We acknowledge valuable technical discussions with Harvey Moseley, Galen O'Neil, and Minesh Bacrania. We gratefully acknowledge the support of the U.S. Department of Energy through the Office of Nonproliferation Research and Development, the LANL/LDRD Program, and the Department of Homeland Security for this work. RDH acknowledges support through NSF (under Grant No. IIS 0813777). NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 15 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 4 AR 044512 DI 10.1063/1.3309279 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 562DG UT WOS:000275028900101 ER PT J AU Pratt, JR Shaw, GA Kumanchik, L Burnham, NA AF Pratt, Jon R. Shaw, Gordon A. Kumanchik, Lee Burnham, Nancy A. TI Quantitative assessment of sample stiffness and sliding friction from force curves in atomic force microscopy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE atomic force microscopy; calibration; cantilevers; elasticity; hysteresis; sliding friction ID CANTILEVERS; CONTACT; PROBES AB It has long been recognized that the angular deflection of an atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilever under "normal" loading conditions can be profoundly influenced by the friction between the tip and the surface. It is shown here that a remarkably quantifiable hysteresis occurs in the slope of loading curves whenever the normal flexural stiffness of the AFM cantilever is greater than that of the sample. This situation arises naturally in cantilever-on-cantilever calibration, but also when trying to measure the stiffness of nanomechanical devices or test structures, or when probing any type of surface or structure that is much more compliant along the surface normal than in transverse directions. Expressions and techniques for evaluating the coefficient of sliding friction between the cantilever tip and sample from normal force curves, as well as relations for determining the stiffness of a mechanically compliant specimen are presented. The model is experimentally supported by the results of cantilever-on-cantilever spring constant calibrations. The cantilever spring constants determined here agree with the values determined using the NIST electrostatic force balance within the limits of the largest uncertainty component, which had a relative value of less than 2.5%. This points the way for quantitative testing of micromechanical and nanomechanical components, more accurate calibration of AFM force, and provides nanotribologists access to information about contact friction from normal force curves. C1 [Pratt, Jon R.; Shaw, Gordon A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kumanchik, Lee] Univ Florida, Dept Mech Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Burnham, Nancy A.] Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. RP Pratt, JR (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jon.pratt@nist.gov RI Burnham, Nancy/A-5210-2013 NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 15 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 4 AR 044305 DI 10.1063/1.3284957 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 562DG UT WOS:000275028900077 ER PT J AU Levine, ZH Fan, J Chen, J Ling, A Migdall, A AF Levine, Z. H. Fan, J. Chen, J. Ling, A. Migdall, A. TI Heralded, pure-state single-photon source based on a Potassium Titanyl Phosphate waveguide SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID FIBER; GENERATION; KTIOPO4 AB We analyze the generation of single spatial mode, spectrally uncorrelated photon pairs via type II spontaneous parametric down-conversion in a Potassium Titanyl Phosphate (KTP) waveguide using real experimental parameters. We show that this source can be used as an efficient, heralded, pure-state single-photon source. (C)2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Levine, Z. H.; Fan, J.; Chen, J.; Ling, A.; Migdall, A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fan, J.; Chen, J.; Ling, A.; Migdall, A.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Levine, ZH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8441, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM z.levine@nist.gov; jfan@nist.gov RI Ling, Alexander/G-7331-2012 OI Ling, Alexander/0000-0001-5866-1141 FU Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA) entangled photon source program FX The authors would like to thank T. D. Roberts for numerous discussions on the KTP waveguide fabrication and for directing our attention to Ref. 26. This work has been supported in part by the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA) entangled photon source program. NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 10 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD FEB 15 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 4 BP 3708 EP 3718 DI 10.1364/OE.18.003708 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 559BV UT WOS:000274795700053 PM 20389381 ER PT J AU Pysher, M Bahabad, A Peng, P Arie, A Pfister, O AF Pysher, Matthew Bahabad, Alon Peng, Peng Arie, Ady Pfister, Olivier TI Quasi-phase-matched concurrent nonlinearities in periodically poled KTiOPO4 for quantum computing over the optical frequency comb SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 2ND HARMONIC-GENERATION; CONTINUOUS-VARIABLES; KTIOASO4; CRYSTALS AB We report the successful design and experimental implementation of three coincident nonlinear interactions, namely ZZZ ( type 0), ZYY ( type I), and YYZ/YZY ( type II) second-harmonic generation of 780 nm light from a 1560 nm pump beam in a single, multigrating, periodically poled KTiOPO4 crystal. The resulting nonlinear medium is the key component for making a scalable quantum computer over the optical frequency comb of a single optical parametric oscillator. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Pysher, Matthew; Peng, Peng; Pfister, Olivier] Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Bahabad, Alon] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bahabad, Alon] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bahabad, Alon] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Arie, Ady] Tel Aviv Univ, Fleischman Fac Engn, Dept Phys Elect, IL-69978 Ramat Aviv, Israel. RP Pfister, O (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, 382 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM opfister@virginia.edu RI Pfister, Olivier/A-4924-2013 OI Pfister, Olivier/0000-0003-3386-9661 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [PHY-0555522, CCF-062210, PHY-0855632]; Israel Science Foundation [960/05]; Israeli Ministry of Science, Culture and Sport FX M. P., P. P., and O. P. were supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) grants PHY-0555522, CCF-062210, and PHY-0855632. A. A. was supported by the Israel Science Foundation (grant 960/05) and by the Israeli Ministry of Science, Culture and Sport. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 2010 VL 35 IS 4 BP 565 EP 567 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 562LO UT WOS:000275052300040 PM 20160819 ER PT J AU Jablonski, A Powell, CJ AF Jablonski, A. Powell, C. J. TI Improved analytical formulae for correcting elastic-scattering effects in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Computer simulations; Electron-solid scattering and transmission - elastic; Photoelectron emission ID AUGER-ELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; MEAN FREE PATHS; EFFECTIVE ATTENUATION LENGTHS; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS; CORRECTION PARAMETERS; POLYCRYSTALLINE SOLIDS; ESCAPE PROBABILITY; INFORMATION DEPTH; ATOMIC POTENTIALS; SURFACE-ANALYSIS AB We present new predictive formulae for the correction parameters Q(x) and beta(eff) that are used to account for the effects of elastic scattering in quantitative X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. These formulae were derived from an analysis of published calculations of Q(x) and beta(eff) from extensive Monte Carlo simulations for a group of elemental solids. Two formulae are given for each parameter. One formula is a function of the single-scattering albedo and the photoelectron emission angle, and is useful for emission angles between 0 degrees and 80 degrees. The other formula is a function only of the single-scattering albedo and is useful for emission angles between 0 degrees and 50 degrees. The single-scattering albedo is in turn a simple function of two material parameters, the inelastic mean free path and the transport mean free path. The latter parameters can be determined readily from available predictive formulae for any material or from databases. The root-mean-square and mean deviations of the Monte Carlo values of Q(x) and beta(eff) from those found with the new formulae are comparable to or smaller than those found with formulae published by Seah and Gilmore. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jablonski, A.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys Chem, PL-01224 Warsaw, Poland. [Powell, C. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jablonski, A (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys Chem, Ul Kasprzaka 44-52, PL-01224 Warsaw, Poland. EM jablo@ichf.edu.pl NR 37 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD FEB 15 PY 2010 VL 604 IS 3-4 BP 327 EP 336 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2009.11.025 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 561LP UT WOS:000274979000014 ER PT J AU Mathias, S Ruffing, A Deicke, F Wiesenmayer, M Sarkar, I Bihlmayer, G Chulkov, EV Koroteev, YM Echenique, PM Bauer, M Aeschlimann, M AF Mathias, S. Ruffing, A. Deicke, F. Wiesenmayer, M. Sarkar, I. Bihlmayer, G. Chulkov, E. V. Koroteev, Yu. M. Echenique, P. M. Bauer, M. Aeschlimann, M. TI Quantum-Well-Induced Giant Spin-Orbit Splitting SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE; SPECTROSCOPY; STATES AB We report on the observation of a giant spin-orbit splitting of quantum-well states in the unoccupied electronic structure of a Bi monolayer on Cu(111). Up to now, Rashba-type splittings of this size have been reported exclusively for surface states in a partial band gap. With these quantum-well states we have experimentally identified a second class of states that show a huge spin-orbit splitting. First-principles electronic structure calculations show that the origin of the spin-orbit splitting is due to the perpendicular potential at the surface and interface of the ultrathin Bi film. This finding allows for the direct possibility to tailor spin-orbit splitting by means of thin-film nanofabrication. C1 [Mathias, S.; Ruffing, A.; Deicke, F.; Sarkar, I.; Aeschlimann, M.] Univ Kaiserslautern, Dept Phys, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. [Mathias, S.; Ruffing, A.; Deicke, F.; Sarkar, I.; Aeschlimann, M.] Univ Kaiserslautern, Res Ctr OPTIMAS, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. [Mathias, S.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mathias, S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wiesenmayer, M.; Bauer, M.] Univ Kiel, Inst Expt & Angew Phys, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. [Bihlmayer, G.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Festkorperforsch, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Bihlmayer, G.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Adv Simulat, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Chulkov, E. V.; Echenique, P. M.] CSIC UPV EHU, DIPC & CFM, Ctr Mixto, Dept Fis Mat, San Sebastian 20080, Spain. [Koroteev, Yu. M.] RAS, Inst Strength Phys & Mat Sci, Tomsk 634021, Russia. RP Mathias, S (reprint author), Univ Kaiserslautern, Dept Phys, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. EM smathias@jila.colorado.edu RI Aeschlimann, Martin/D-7141-2011; CSIC-UPV/EHU, CFM/F-4867-2012; Mathias, Stefan/I-4679-2012; Bihlmayer, Gustav/G-5279-2013; DONOSTIA INTERNATIONAL PHYSICS CTR., DIPC/C-3171-2014; Bauer, Michael/G-5111-2016 OI Aeschlimann, Martin/0000-0003-3413-5029; Bihlmayer, Gustav/0000-0002-6615-1122; Bauer, Michael/0000-0002-4391-9899 FU DFG [GRK 792, SFB/TRR49]; UPV/EHU [GIC07IT36607]; Departamento de Educacion del Gobierno Vasco; Spanish MCyT [FIS200766711C0101] FX This work was supported by the DFG GRK 792 and the DFG SFB/TRR49, the UPV/EHU (Grant No. GIC07IT36607), the Departamento de Educacion del Gobierno Vasco, and the Spanish MCyT (Grant No. FIS200766711C0101). NR 34 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 26 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 12 PY 2010 VL 104 IS 6 AR 066802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.066802 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 554OU UT WOS:000274445100039 PM 20366845 ER PT J AU Smith, MD Roheim, CA Crowder, LB Halpern, BS Turnipseed, M Anderson, JL Asche, F Bourillon, L Guttormsen, AG Khan, A Liguori, LA McNevin, A O'Connor, MI Squires, D Tyedmers, P Brownstein, C Carden, K Klinger, DH Sagarin, R Selkoe, KA AF Smith, Martin D. Roheim, Cathy A. Crowder, Larry B. Halpern, Benjamin S. Turnipseed, Mary Anderson, James L. Asche, Frank Bourillon, Luis Guttormsen, Atle G. Khan, Ahmed Liguori, Lisa A. McNevin, Aaron O'Connor, Mary I. Squires, Dale Tyedmers, Peter Brownstein, Carrie Carden, Kristin Klinger, Dane H. Sagarin, Raphael Selkoe, Kimberly A. TI Sustainability and Global Seafood SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID COMMONS; TRADE; FISH C1 [Smith, Martin D.; Turnipseed, Mary] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Smith, Martin D.] Duke Univ, Dept Econ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Roheim, Cathy A.; Anderson, James L.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Environm & Nat Resource Econ, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Crowder, Larry B.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Ctr Marine Conservat, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Halpern, Benjamin S.; O'Connor, Mary I.; Selkoe, Kimberly A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Asche, Frank] Univ Stavanger, Dept Ind Econ, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway. [Bourillon, Luis] Comunidad & Biodiversidad AC COBI, Guaymas 85420, Sonora, Mexico. [Guttormsen, Atle G.] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Econ & Resource Management, N-1432 As, Norway. [Khan, Ahmed] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Geog, Int Coastal Network, St John, NF A1B 3X9, Canada. [Liguori, Lisa A.] Univ Georgia, Marine Extens Serv, Brunswick, GA 31520 USA. [McNevin, Aaron] World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Squires, Dale] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Tyedmers, Peter] Dalhousie Univ, Sch Resource & Environm Studies, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. [Brownstein, Carrie] Whole Foods Market, Austin, TX 78703 USA. [Carden, Kristin] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Klinger, Dane H.] Stanford Univ, Emmett Interdisciplinary Program Environm & Resou, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Sagarin, Raphael] Univ Arizona, Inst Environm, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Selkoe, Kimberly A.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. RP Smith, MD (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM marsmith@duke.edu RI O'Connor, Mary/F-2275-2010; Tyedmers, Peter/I-7490-2012; Smith, Martin/D-9168-2016 OI Tyedmers, Peter/0000-0002-5150-0756; Smith, Martin/0000-0002-4714-463X NR 22 TC 149 Z9 151 U1 13 U2 83 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 12 PY 2010 VL 327 IS 5967 BP 784 EP 786 DI 10.1126/science.1185345 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 554AQ UT WOS:000274408300025 PM 20150469 ER PT J AU Ospelkaus, S Ni, KK Wang, D de Miranda, MHG Neyenhuis, B Quemener, G Julienne, PS Bohn, JL Jin, DS Ye, J AF Ospelkaus, S. Ni, K. -K. Wang, D. de Miranda, M. H. G. Neyenhuis, B. Quemener, G. Julienne, P. S. Bohn, J. L. Jin, D. S. Ye, J. TI Quantum-State Controlled Chemical Reactions of Ultracold Potassium-Rubidium Molecules SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; RYDBERG BLOCKADE; POLAR-MOLECULES; NOBEL LECTURE; ATOMS; LASER; GAS; COLLISIONS; PHYSICS AB How does a chemical reaction proceed at ultralow temperatures? Can simple quantum mechanical rules such as quantum statistics, single partial-wave scattering, and quantum threshold laws provide a clear understanding of the molecular reactivity under a vanishing collision energy? Starting with an optically trapped near-quantum-degenerate gas of polar (40)K(87)Rb molecules prepared in their absolute ground state, we report experimental evidence for exothermic atom-exchange chemical reactions. When these fermionic molecules were prepared in a single quantum state at a temperature of a few hundred nanokelvin, we observed p-wave-dominated quantum threshold collisions arising from tunneling through an angular momentum barrier followed by a short-range chemical reaction with a probability near unity. When these molecules were prepared in two different internal states or when molecules and atoms were brought together, the reaction rates were enhanced by a factor of 10 to 100 as a result of s-wave scattering, which does not have a centrifugal barrier. The measured rates agree with predicted universal loss rates related to the two-body van der Waals length. C1 [Ospelkaus, S.; Ni, K. -K.; Wang, D.; de Miranda, M. H. G.; Neyenhuis, B.; Quemener, G.; Bohn, J. L.; Jin, D. S.; Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ospelkaus, S.; Ni, K. -K.; Wang, D.; de Miranda, M. H. G.; Neyenhuis, B.; Quemener, G.; Bohn, J. L.; Jin, D. S.; Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Julienne, P. S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Julienne, P. S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jin, DS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jin@jilau1.colorado.edu; ye@jila.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Wang, Dajun/F-7026-2012; Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 FU NIST Innovations in Measurement Science-Ultracold Stable Molecules; NSF Physics Frontier Center; U.S. Department of Energy; Air Force Office of Scientific Research MURI on Ultracold Molecules; NSF; Office of Naval Research [N0001409IP20041] FX Supported by NIST Innovations in Measurement Science-Ultracold Stable Molecules, NSF Physics Frontier Center at JILA, U.S. Department of Energy, Air Force Office of Scientific Research MURI on Ultracold Molecules, and a NSF graduate fellowship (B.N.) and by Office of Naval Research grant N0001409IP20041 (P.S.J.). We thank S. Kotochigova for providing her calculations of the van der Waals dispersion coefficients that are relevant to our experiments. NR 38 TC 395 Z9 396 U1 8 U2 84 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 12 PY 2010 VL 327 IS 5967 BP 853 EP 857 DI 10.1126/science.1184121 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 554AQ UT WOS:000274408300058 PM 20150499 ER PT J AU Porcar, L Hong, KL Butler, PD Herwig, KW Smith, GS Liu, Y Chen, WR AF Porcar, Lionel Hong, Kunlun Butler, Paul D. Herwig, Kenneth W. Smith, Gregory S. Liu, Yun Chen, Wei-Ren TI Intramolecular Structural Change of PAMAM Dendrimers in Aqueous Solutions Revealed by Small-Angle Neutron Scattering SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID POLYMERS; PH; SIMULATION; PARTICLES; LOCATION; SOLVENT AB Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments were carried out to investigate the structure of aqueous (D(2)O) G4 PAMAM dendrimer solutions as a function of molecular protonation and dendrimer concentration. Our results indicate unambiguously that, although the radius of gyration R(G), remains nearly invariant, the dendrimer radial density profile rho(r) decreases in the dendrimer core with a continuous increase in protonation. This discovery also suggests that R(G), which is commonly adopted by numerous simulation and experimental works in describing the global dendrimer size, is not suitable as the index parameter to characterize the dendrimer coil formation change. We also found that R(G) and rho(r), for dendrimers dissolved in both neutral and acidified solutions, remain nearly constant over the studied concentration range. We further demonstrate that the outcome of the widely used Guinier method is questionable for extracting R(G) in the concentration range studied. Our results reveal the polymer colloid structural duality as benchmarks for future experimental and theoretical studies and provide a critical step toward understanding drug encapsulation by ionic bonds. C1 [Butler, Paul D.; Liu, Yun] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Porcar, Lionel] Inst Laue Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Hong, Kunlun] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Herwig, Kenneth W.; Smith, Gregory S.; Chen, Wei-Ren] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yunliu@nist.gov; chenw@ornl.gov RI Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011; Herwig, Kenneth/F-4787-2011; Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Smith, Gregory/D-1659-2016; Hong, Kunlun/E-9787-2015 OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Smith, Gregory/0000-0001-5659-1805; Hong, Kunlun/0000-0002-2852-5111 FU ORNL LDRD [05125]; NSF [DMR-0454672]; U.S. DOE FX We gratefully acknowledge the financial support from ORNL LDRD project (project no. 05125). The support of the NIST in providing the neutron research facilities supported, under NSF agreement DMR-0454672, is also acknowledged. The samples were prepared at CNMS ORNL sponsored by U.S. DOE. NR 24 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD FEB 11 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 5 BP 1751 EP 1756 DI 10.1021/jp9064455 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 552EG UT WOS:000274270100002 PM 20070093 ER PT J AU Moss, RH Edmonds, JA Hibbard, KA Manning, MR Rose, SK van Vuuren, DP Carter, TR Emori, S Kainuma, M Kram, T Meehl, GA Mitchell, JFB Nakicenovic, N Riahi, K Smith, SJ Stouffer, RJ Thomson, AM Weyant, JP Wilbanks, TJ AF Moss, Richard H. Edmonds, Jae A. Hibbard, Kathy A. Manning, Martin R. Rose, Steven K. van Vuuren, Detlef P. Carter, Timothy R. Emori, Seita Kainuma, Mikiko Kram, Tom Meehl, Gerald A. Mitchell, John F. B. Nakicenovic, Nebojsa Riahi, Keywan Smith, Steven J. Stouffer, Ronald J. Thomson, Allison M. Weyant, John P. Wilbanks, Thomas J. TI The next generation of scenarios for climate change research and assessment SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID MODEL; ATMOSPHERE; SRES AB Advances in the science and observation of climate change are providing a clearer understanding of the inherent variability of Earth's climate system and its likely response to human and natural influences. The implications of climate change for the environment and society will depend not only on the response of the Earth system to changes in radiative forcings, but also on how humankind responds through changes in technology, economies, lifestyle and policy. Extensive uncertainties exist in future forcings of and responses to climate change, necessitating the use of scenarios of the future to explore the potential consequences of different response options. To date, such scenarios have not adequately examined crucial possibilities, such as climate change mitigation and adaptation, and have relied on research processes that slowed the exchange of information among physical, biological and social scientists. Here we describe a new process for creating plausible scenarios to investigate some of the most challenging and important questions about climate change confronting the global community. C1 [Moss, Richard H.; Edmonds, Jae A.; Smith, Steven J.; Thomson, Allison M.] Univ Maryland, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Hibbard, Kathy A.; Meehl, Gerald A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Manning, Martin R.] Victoria Univ Wellington, New Zealand Climate Change Res Inst, Wellington, New Zealand. [Rose, Steven K.] Elect Power Res Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [van Vuuren, Detlef P.; Kram, Tom] Netherlands Environm Assessment Agcy, NL-3720 AH Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Carter, Timothy R.] Finnish Environm Inst, Helsinki 00251, Finland. [Emori, Seita; Kainuma, Mikiko] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Mitchell, John F. B.] Met Off, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Nakicenovic, Nebojsa; Riahi, Keywan] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. [Nakicenovic, Nebojsa] Vienna Univ Technol, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. [Stouffer, Ronald J.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Weyant, John P.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Wilbanks, Thomas J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Moss, RH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, 5825 Univ Res Court,Suite 3500, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM rhm@pnl.gov RI Thomson, Allison/B-1254-2010; Emori, Seita/D-1950-2012; van Vuuren, Detlef/A-4764-2009; Riahi, Keywan/B-6426-2011; OI van Vuuren, Detlef/0000-0003-0398-2831; Riahi, Keywan/0000-0001-7193-3498; Moss, Richard/0000-0001-5005-0063 NR 87 TC 1580 Z9 1631 U1 130 U2 875 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD FEB 11 PY 2010 VL 463 IS 7282 BP 747 EP 756 DI 10.1038/nature08823 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 553VG UT WOS:000274394300028 PM 20148028 ER PT J AU Hu, SW Young, SS Hong, T Reynolds, JP Krapels, K Miller, B Thomas, J Nguyen, O AF Hu, Shuowen Young, S. Susan Hong, Tsai Reynolds, Joseph P. Krapels, Keith Miller, Brian Thomas, Jim Nguyen, Oanh TI Super-resolution for flash ladar imagery SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB Flash ladar systems are compact devices with high frame rates that hold promise for robotics applications, but these devices suffer from poor spatial resolution. This work develops a wavelet preprocessing stage to enhance registration of multiple frames and applies super-resolution to improve the resolution of flash ladar range imagery. The triangle orientation discrimination methodology was used for a subjective evaluation of the effectiveness of super-resolution for flash ladar. Results show statistically significant increases in the probability of target discrimination at all target ranges, as well as a reduction in subject response times for super-resolved imagery. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Hu, Shuowen; Young, S. Susan] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Hong, Tsai] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Reynolds, Joseph P.; Krapels, Keith; Miller, Brian; Thomas, Jim; Nguyen, Oanh] Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Hu, SW (reprint author), Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM shuowen.hu@arl.army.mil NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD FEB 10 PY 2010 VL 49 IS 5 BP 772 EP 780 DI 10.1364/AO.49.000772 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 554OK UT WOS:000274444100004 PM 20154743 ER PT J AU Schwing, FB Mendelssohn, R Bograd, SJ Overland, JE Wang, MY Ito, S AF Schwing, Franklin B. Mendelssohn, Roy Bograd, Steven J. Overland, James E. Wang, Muyin Ito, Shin-ichi TI Climate change, teleconnection patterns, and regional processes forcing marine populations in the Pacific SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Impact of Climate Variability on Marine Ecosystems CY SEP 04-08, 2006 CL Alexander VonHuboldy Univ, Museum Nat Hist, Berlin, GERMANY HO Alexander VonHuboldy Univ, Museum Nat Hist DE Climate change; Teleconnections; Marine ecosystems; Pacific Ocean ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NORTH PACIFIC; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; REGIME SHIFTS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SEASONAL INTERACTIONS; GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT; EL-NINO; OCEAN AB Climate change impacts in large marine ecosystems (LMEs) are driven by global climate variability, often communicated over large distances by atmospheric teleconnections, and modified by the dominant local and regional ocean processes. The focus of this paper is to summarize the key processes and features that characterize the major coastal LMEs of the Pacific, as part of a greater effort to understand the role of past and future global climate change in driving (possibly synchronous) fluctuations in marine populations. The physical setting of five LMEs - the Humboldt Current System (HCS), California Current System (CCS), Gulf of Alaska (GOA), Kuroshio Current System (KCS), and Oyashio Current System (OCS) - and the mechanisms and impacts of climate variability on these systems are described. Because of their pivotal role in linking and perhaps synchronizing climate variability in disparate LMEs, we also review teleconnections and analyze past global atmospheric teleconnections and regional ocean response patterns. The major Pacific eastern boundary current systems, the CCS and HCS, feature similar dominant processes (e.g., coastal upwelling), and share atmospheric forcing from common teleconnection patterns that vary together. Sea level pressure variations forcing the KCS and OCS systems on climate scales, however, are not strongly teleconnected to the CCS and HCS. A common factor analysis of sea surface temperature (SST) within these ecosystems provides an example of how LMEs have responded to past climate variability. All LMEs display a persistent warming tendency since 1900, with multi-decadal fluctuations superimposed. However, SST fluctuations in the western Pacific lag those in the east by about a decade. Global synchrony in climate forcing is modulated by distinct processes within each LME, which reduce the correlation between long-term fluctuations. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Schwing, Franklin B.; Mendelssohn, Roy; Bograd, Steven J.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Overland, James E.; Wang, Muyin] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Ito, Shin-ichi] Fisheries Res Agcy, Tohoku Natl Fisheries Res Inst, Shiogama City, Miyagi 9850001, Japan. RP Schwing, FB (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, 1352 Lighthouse Ave, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM Franklin.Schwing@noaa.gov RI Ito, Shin-ichi/E-2981-2012; Wang, Muyin/K-4006-2014 OI Ito, Shin-ichi/0000-0002-3635-2580; NR 82 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 EI 1879-1573 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD FEB 10 PY 2010 VL 79 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 245 EP 257 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.11.027 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 536OD UT WOS:000273052800004 ER PT J AU Wang, MY Overland, JE Bond, NA AF Wang, Muyin Overland, James E. Bond, Nicholas A. TI Climate projections for selected large marine ecosystems SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Impact of Climate Variability on Marine Ecosystems CY SEP 04-08, 2006 CL Alexander VonHuboldy Univ, Museum Nat Hist, Berlin, GERMANY HO Alexander VonHuboldy Univ, Museum Nat Hist DE Climate; Ocean projections; PDO; Temperatures; Sea ice; Upwelling ID BERING-SEA; WEST-COAST; PACIFIC; TEMPERATURE; ICE; RECRUITMENT; SIMULATIONS; OSCILLATION; SALMON; MODELS AB In preparation for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) modeling centers from around the world carried out sets of global climate simulations under various emission scenarios with a total of 23 coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation models. We evaluated the models' 20th century hindcasts of selected variables relevant to several large marine ecosystems and examined 21st century projections by a subset of these models under the A1B (middle range) emission scenario. In general we find that a subset (about half) of the models are able to simulate large-scale aspects of the historical observations reasonably well, which provides some confidence in their application for projections of ocean conditions into the future. Over the North Pacific by the mid-21st century, the warming due to the trend in wintertime sea surface temperature (SST) will be 1 degrees-1.5 degrees C, which is as large as the amplitude of the major mode of variability, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). For areas northwest of the Hawaiian Islands, these models projected a steady increase of 1.2 degrees C in summer SST over the period from 2000 to 2050. For the Bering and Barents seas, a subset of models selected on the basis of their ability to simulate sea-ice area in late 20th century yield an average decrease in sea-ice coverage of 43% and 36%, respectively, by the decade centered on 2050 with a reasonable degree of consistency. On the other hand, model simulations of coastal upwelling for the California, Canary and Humboldt Currents, and of bottom temperatures in the Barents Sea, feature a relatively large degree of uncertainty. These results illustrate that 21st century projections for marine ecosystems in certain regions using present-generation climate models require additional analysis. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Muyin; Bond, Nicholas A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Overland, James E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Wang, MY (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Box 355672, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM muyin.wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Muyin/K-4006-2014 NR 26 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 EI 1879-1573 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD FEB 10 PY 2010 VL 79 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 258 EP 266 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.11.028 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 536OD UT WOS:000273052800005 ER PT J AU Overland, JE Alheit, J Bakun, A Hurrell, JW Mackas, DL Miller, AJ AF Overland, James E. Alheit, Juergen Bakun, Andrew Hurrell, James W. Mackas, David L. Miller, Arthur J. TI Climate controls on marine ecosystems and fish populations SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Impact of Climate Variability on Marine Ecosystems CY SEP 04-08, 2006 CL Alexander VonHuboldy Univ, Museum Nat Hist, Berlin, GERMANY HO Alexander VonHuboldy Univ, Museum Nat Hist DE Large marine ecosystems; Climate change; Regime shift; North Atlantic Oscillation; Pacific Decadal Oscillation; Red noise ID PACIFIC DECADAL OSCILLATION; NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; SOUTHEASTERN BERING SEA; REGIME SHIFTS; SST ANOMALIES; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; EL-NINO; VARIABILITY; OCEAN; RECRUITMENT AB This paper discusses large-scale climate variability for several marine ecosystems and suggests types of ecosystem responses to climate change. Our analysis of observations and model results for the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans concludes that most climate variability is accounted for by the combination of intermittent 1-2 year duration events, e.g. the cumulative effect of monthly weather anomalies or the more organized El Nino/La Nina, plus broad-band "red noise" intrinsic variability operating at decadal and longer timescales. While ocean processes such as heat storage and lags due to ocean circulation provide some multi-year memory to the climate system, basic understanding of the mechanisms resulting in observed large decadal variability is lacking and forces the adoption of a "stochastic or red noise" conceptual model of low frequency variability at the present time. Thus we conclude that decadal events with rapid shifts and major departures from climatic means will occur, but their timing cannot be forecast. The responses to climate by biological systems are diverse in character because intervening processes introduce a variety of amplifications, time lags, feedbacks, and non-linearities. Decadal ecosystem variability can involve a variety of climate to ecosystem transfer functions. These can be expected to convert red noise of the physical system to redder (lower frequency) noise of the biological response, but can also convert climatic red noise to more abrupt and discontinuous biological shifts, transient climatic disturbance to prolonged ecosystem recovery, and perhaps transient disturbance to sustained ecosystem regimes. All of these ecosystem response characteristics are likely to be active for at least some locations and time periods, leading to a mix of slow fluctuations, prolonged trends, and step-like changes in ecosystems and fish populations in response to climate change. Climate variables such as temperatures and winds can have strong teleconnections (large spatial covariability) within individual ocean basins, but between-basin teleconnections, and potential climate-driven biological synchrony over several decades, are usually much weaker and a highly intermittent function of the conditions prevailing at the time within the adjoining basins. As noted in the recent IPCC 4th Assessment Report, a warming trend of ocean surface layers and loss of regional sea ice is likely before 2030, due to addition of greenhouse gases. Combined with large continuing natural climate variability, this will stress ecosystems in ways that they have not encountered for at least 100s of years. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Overland, James E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Alheit, Juergen] Inst Ostseeforsch Warnemunde Biol, DE-18119 Warnemunde, Germany. [Bakun, Andrew] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Pew Inst Ocean Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Hurrell, James W.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Mackas, David L.] Fisheries Oceans Canada Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [Miller, Arthur J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Overland, JE (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM james.e.overland@noaa.gov RI Alheit, Jurgen/D-8444-2011; OI Bakun, Andrew/0000-0002-4366-3846 NR 71 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 5 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 EI 1879-1573 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD FEB 10 PY 2010 VL 79 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 305 EP 315 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.12.009 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 536OD UT WOS:000273052800008 ER PT J AU Ottersen, G Kim, S Huse, G Polovina, JJ Stenseth, NC AF Ottersen, Geir Kim, Suam Huse, Geir Polovina, Jeffrey J. Stenseth, Nils Chr. TI Major pathways by which climate may force marine fish populations SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Impact of Climate Variability on Marine Ecosystems CY SEP 04-08, 2006 CL Alexander VonHuboldy Univ, Museum Nat Hist, Berlin, GERMANY HO Alexander VonHuboldy Univ, Museum Nat Hist DE Climate; Fish; Population dynamics; Mechanism; Hypothesis ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; COD GADUS-MORHUA; ARCTO-NORWEGIAN COD; NORTHWESTERN HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; NINO SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KETA; HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; PLANKTON CONTACT RATES; ZONE CHLOROPHYLL FRONT; SMALL-SCALE TURBULENCE AB Climate may affect marine fish populations through many different pathways, operating at a variety of temporal and spatial scales. Climate impacts may work their way bottom up through the food web or affect higher trophic levels more directly. In this review we try to disentangle and summarize some of the current knowledge made available through the rapidly increasing literature on the topic, with particular emphasis on the work within the Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics (GLOBEC) programme. We first consider different classification schemes and hypotheses relating climate through physical features of the ocean to population patterns. The response of a population or community to climate may be linear or non-linear, direct or indirect. The hypotheses may be classified according to the form of physical features in operation as being related to mixing, advection or temperature. The bulk of the paper is devoted to a region-by-region presentation and discussion of examples relating climate variability to marine fish populations. It is slanted towards the North Atlantic and North Pacific, but the tropical Pacific is also covered. By means of different categorization methods we compare climate responses between ecosystems. We conclude that the use of such classification schemes allows for a more precise description of the various ecosystems particular properties and facilitates inter-regional comparison. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ottersen, Geir] Inst Marine Res, N-0349 Oslo, Norway. [Ottersen, Geir; Stenseth, Nils Chr.] Univ Oslo, Dept Biol, CEES, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Kim, Suam] Pukyong Natl Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Pusan 608737, South Korea. [Huse, Geir] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Polovina, Jeffrey J.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ecosyst & Oceanog Div, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Stenseth, Nils Chr.] Inst Marine Res, Dept Coastal Zone Studies, Flodevigen Res Stn, N-4817 His, Norway. RP Ottersen, G (reprint author), Inst Marine Res, Gaustadalleen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway. EM geir.ottersen@imr.no RI Ottersen, Geir/F-4393-2014; Stenseth, Nils Chr./G-5212-2016 OI Ottersen, Geir/0000-0002-9453-6679; Stenseth, Nils Chr./0000-0002-1591-5399 NR 168 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 3 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD FEB 10 PY 2010 VL 79 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 343 EP 360 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.12.013 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 536OD UT WOS:000273052800012 ER PT J AU Drinkwater, KF Beaugrand, G Kaeriyama, M Kim, S Ottersen, G Perry, RI Portner, HO Polovina, JJ Takasuka, A AF Drinkwater, Kenneth F. Beaugrand, Gregory Kaeriyama, Masahide Kim, Suam Ottersen, Geir Perry, R. Ian Poertner, Hans-Otto Polovina, Jeffrey J. Takasuka, Akinori TI On the processes linking climate to ecosystem changes SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Impact of Climate Variability on Marine Ecosystems CY SEP 04-08, 2006 CL Alexander VonHuboldy Univ, Museum Nat Hist, Berlin, GERMANY HO Alexander VonHuboldy Univ, Museum Nat Hist DE Climate variability; Climate change; Ecosystem responses; Food webs; Mechanisms; Physiological effects ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; WESTERN ENGLISH-CHANNEL; SMALL-SCALE TURBULENCE; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT BIOGEOGRAPHY; NORTHEAST ARCTIC COD; LONG-TERM CHANGES; LATITUDINAL COMPENSATION HYPOTHESIS; CONTINUOUS PLANKTON RECORDER; ANCHOVY ENGRAULIS-JAPONICUS; LUGWORM ARENICOLA-MARINA AB While documentation of climate effects on marine ecosystems has a long history, the underlying processes have often been elusive. In this paper we review some of the ecosystem responses to climate variability and discuss the possible mechanisms through which climate acts. Effects of climatological and oceanographic variables, such as temperature, sea ice, turbulence, and advection, on marine organisms are discussed in terms of their influence on growth, distribution, reproduction, activity rates, recruitment and mortality. Organisms tend to be limited to specific thermal ranges with experimental findings showing that sufficient oxygen supply by ventilation and circulation only occurs within these ranges. Indirect effects of climate forcing through effects on the food web are also discussed. Research and data needs required to improve our knowledge of the processes linking climate to ecosystem changes are presented along with our assessment of our ability to predict ecosystem responses to future climate change scenarios. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Drinkwater, Kenneth F.] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Drinkwater, Kenneth F.] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Beaugrand, Gregory] Univ Lille 1, F-62930 Winereux, France. [Kaeriyama, Masahide] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Fisheries Sci, Hakodate, Hokkaido 0418611, Japan. [Kim, Suam] Pukyong Natl Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Pusan 608737, South Korea. [Ottersen, Geir] Inst Marine Res, N-0349 Oslo, Norway. [Ottersen, Geir] Univ Oslo, Dept Biol, CEES, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Perry, R. Ian] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. [Poertner, Hans-Otto] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany. [Polovina, Jeffrey J.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ecosyst & Oceanog Div, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Takasuka, Akinori] Fisheries Res Agcy, Natl Res Inst Fisheries Sci, Kanagawa 2368648, Japan. RP Drinkwater, KF (reprint author), Inst Marine Res, Box 1870, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. EM ken.drinkwater@imr.no RI Kaeriyama, Masahide/A-8500-2012; Ottersen, Geir/F-4393-2014; OI Ottersen, Geir/0000-0002-9453-6679; Portner, Hans-O./0000-0001-6535-6575 NR 251 TC 106 Z9 108 U1 1 U2 87 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 EI 1879-1573 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD FEB 10 PY 2010 VL 79 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 374 EP 388 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.12.014 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 536OD UT WOS:000273052800014 ER PT J AU Raman, B Joseph, J Tang, J Stopfer, M AF Raman, Baranidharan Joseph, Joby Tang, Jeff Stopfer, Mark TI Temporally Diverse Firing Patterns in Olfactory Receptor Neurons Underlie Spatiotemporal Neural Codes for Odors SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LOCUST ANTENNAL LOBE; NETWORK DYNAMICS; MUSHROOM BODY; BULB; REPRESENTATIONS; OSCILLATIONS; MODEL; INFORMATION; ASSEMBLIES; SYSTEM AB Odorants are represented as spatiotemporal patterns of spikes in neurons of the antennal lobe (AL; insects) and olfactory bulb (OB; vertebrates). These response patterns have been thought to arise primarily from interactions within the AL/OB, an idea supported, in part, by the assumption that olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) respond to odorants with simple firing patterns. However, activating the AL directly with simple pulses of current evoked responses in AL neurons that were much less diverse, complex, and enduring than responses elicited by odorants. Similarly, models of the AL driven by simplistic inputs generated relatively simple output. How then are dynamic neural codes for odors generated? Consistent with recent results from several other species, our recordings from locust ORNs showed a great diversity of temporal structure. Furthermore, we found that, viewed as a population, many response features of ORNs were remarkably similar to those observed within the AL. Using a set of computational models constrained by our electrophysiological recordings, we found that the temporal heterogeneity of responses of ORNs critically underlies the generation of spatiotemporal odor codes in the AL. A test then performed in vivo confirmed that, given temporally homogeneous input, the AL cannot create diverse spatiotemporal patterns on its own; however, given temporally heterogeneous input, the AL generated realistic firing patterns. Finally, given the temporally structured input provided by ORNs, we clarified several separate, additional contributions of the AL to olfactory information processing. Thus, our results demonstrate the origin and subsequent reformatting of spatiotemporal neural codes for odors. C1 [Raman, Baranidharan; Joseph, Joby; Tang, Jeff; Stopfer, Mark] NICHHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Raman, Baranidharan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stopfer, M (reprint author), NICHHD, NIH, Bldg 35,Room 3A-102, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM stopferm@mail.nih.gov FU Joint National Institutes of Health (NIH); National Research Council; NIH-National Institute of Child Health and Human Development FX This work was supported by a Joint National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering-National Institute of Standards and Technology postdoctoral Fellowship Award from the National Research Council (B. R.) and by an intramural grant from NIH-National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (M. S.). We thank members of the Stopfer laboratory for helpful discussions and Maxim Bazhenov for providing an implementation of a map-based model for neurons. We also thank Kui Sun for excellent animal care. NR 43 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 15 PU SOC NEUROSCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 11 DUPONT CIRCLE, NW, STE 500, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0270-6474 J9 J NEUROSCI JI J. Neurosci. PD FEB 10 PY 2010 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1994 EP 2006 DI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5639-09.2010 PG 13 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 553WT UT WOS:000274398200002 PM 20147528 ER PT J AU Crivat, G Da Silva, SM Reyes, DR Locascio, LE Gaitan, M Rosenzweig, N Rosenzweig, Z AF Crivat, Georgeta Da Silva, Sandra Maria Reyes, Darwin R. Locascio, Laurie E. Gaitan, Michael Rosenzweig, Nitsa Rosenzweig, Zeev TI Quantum Dot FRET-Based Probes in Thin Films Grown in Microfluidic Channels SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; POLYELECTROLYTE MULTILAYERS; PHOTOPHYSICS; PROTEINS; COATINGS AB This paper describes the development of new fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based quantum dot probes for proteolytic activity. The CdSe/ZnS quantum dots are incorporated into a thin polymeric film, which is prepared by layer-by-layer deposition of alternately charged polyelectrolytes. The quantum dots, which serve as fluorescent donors, are separated from rhodamine acceptor molecules, which are covalently attached to the film surface by a varying number of polyelectrolyte layers. When excited with visible light, the emission color of the polyelectrolyte multilayer film appears orange due to FRET between the quantum dots and molecular acceptors. The emission color changes to green when the rhodamine molecules are removed from the surface by enzymatic cleavage, The new probe design enables the use of quantum dots in bioassays, in this study for real-time monitoring of trypsin activity, while alleviating concerns about their potential toxicity. Application of these quantum dot FRET-based probes in microfluidic channels enables bioanalysis of volume-limited samples and single-cell studies in an in vivo-like environment. C1 [Crivat, Georgeta; Da Silva, Sandra Maria; Rosenzweig, Nitsa; Rosenzweig, Zeev] Univ New Orleans, Dept Chem, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [Crivat, Georgeta; Da Silva, Sandra Maria; Rosenzweig, Nitsa; Rosenzweig, Zeev] Univ New Orleans, Adv Mat Res Inst, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [Crivat, Georgeta; Reyes, Darwin R.; Gaitan, Michael] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Da Silva, Sandra Maria; Locascio, Laurie E.; Rosenzweig, Nitsa] NIST, Div Biomed Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rosenzweig, Z (reprint author), Univ New Orleans, Dept Chem, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. EM zrosenzw@uno.edu FU NSF [CHE-0717526] FX This work was supported by NSF Grant CHE-0717526. NR 17 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD FEB 10 PY 2010 VL 132 IS 5 BP 1460 EP + DI 10.1021/ja908784b PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 562WB UT WOS:000275084900008 PM 20073459 ER PT J AU Lin, QY Smeller, M Heideman, CL Zschack, P Koyano, M Anderson, MD Kykyneshi, R Keszler, DA Anderson, IM Johnson, DC AF Lin, Qiyin Smeller, Mary Heideman, Colby L. Zschack, Paul Koyano, Mikio Anderson, Michael D. Kykyneshi, Robert Keszler, Douglas A. Anderson, Ian M. Johnson, David C. TI Rational Synthesis and Characterization of a New Family of Low Thermal Conductivity Misfit Layer Compounds [(PbSe)(0.99)](m)(WSe2)(n) SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID BAND-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; COMPOSITE CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; THERMOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTRA; CHROMIUM SULFIDE; RAMAN-SCATTERING; CHARGE-TRANSFER; SPECTROSCOPY AB We describe here a general synthesis approach for the preparation of new families of misfit layer compounds and demonstrate its effectiveness through the preparation of the first 64 members of the [(PbSe)(0.99)](m) (WSe2)(n) family of compounds, where in and it are integers that were systematically varied from 1 to 8. The new Compounds [(PbSc)(1+y)](m) (WSe2)(n) were synthesized by annealing reactant precursors containing 177 layers of alternating elemental Pb and Se followed by it layers ofalternating elemental W and Se, in which the thickness of each pair of elemental layers was calibrated to yield a structural bilayer of rock salt structured PbSe and a trilayer of hexagonal WSe2. The compounds are kinetically trapped by the similarity of the composition profiles and modulation lengths in the precursor and the targeted compounds. The structural evolution from initial reactant of layer elements to crystalline misfit layer compounds was tracked using X-ray diffraction. The crystal structures of new compounds were probed using both analytical electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The c-axis of the misfit layer compound is perpendicular to the Substrate, with a c-axis lattice parameter that changes linearly with a slope of 0.612-0.615 nm as in is changed and n is held constant and with a slope of 0.654-0.656 nm as it is varied and m is held constant. The in-plane lattice parameters did not change as the individual layer thicknesses were increased and a misfit parameter of y = -0.01 was calculated, the first negative misfit parameter among known misfit layer compounds. Analytical electron microscopy images and X-ray diffraction data collected on mixed hkl reflections revealed rotational (turbostratic) disorder of the a-b planes. C1 [Smeller, Mary; Heideman, Colby L.; Anderson, Michael D.; Johnson, David C.] Univ Oregon, Dept Chem, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Lin, Qiyin] Univ Oregon, Dept Phys, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Zschack, Paul] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Anderson, Michael D.; Anderson, Ian M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kykyneshi, Robert; Keszler, Douglas A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Johnson, DC (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Dept Chem, 1253 Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. FU Office of Naval Research [N0014-07-1-0358]; National Science Foundation through the IGERT [DGE-0549503]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Science Foundation through CC [CHE-0847970] FX This work was supported through the Office of Naval Research (N0014-07-1-0358). Coauthors C.L.H. and M.D.A. were supported by the National Science Foundation through the IGERT grant (DGE-0549503). The use of the APS was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract number DE-AC02-06CH11357. Coauthors R.K. and D.A.K. acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation through CCI grant number CHE-0847970. We wish to acknowledge and thank Dr. Andrew Herzing of NIST for help with acquiring the high-resolution STEM images. NR 46 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 5 U2 59 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD FEB 9 PY 2010 VL 22 IS 3 BP 1002 EP 1009 DI 10.1021/cm901952v PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 549YE UT WOS:000274089600047 ER PT J AU Bentlage, B Cartwright, P Yanagihara, AA Lewis, C Richards, GS Collins, AG AF Bentlage, Bastian Cartwright, Paulyn Yanagihara, Angel A. Lewis, Cheryl Richards, Gemma S. Collins, Allen G. TI Evolution of box jellyfish (Cnidaria: Cubozoa), a group of highly toxic invertebrates SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Cubozoa; box jellyfish; Irukandji; systematics; biogeography; phylogeography ID CARYBDEA-SIVICKISI CNIDARIA; IRUKANDJI-SYNDROME; LIFE-CYCLE; SEA WASP; PARTIAL-PURIFICATION; FATAL ENVENOMATION; CHIRONEX-FLECKERI; PROTEIN TOXIN; HABU-KURAGE; VENOM AB Cubozoa (Cnidaria: Medusozoa) represents a small clade of approximately 50 described species, some of which cause serious human envenomations. Our understanding of the evolutionary history of Cubozoa has been limited by the lack of a sound phylogenetic hypothesis for the group. Here, we present a comprehensive cubozoan phylogeny based on ribosomal genes coding for near-complete nuclear 18S (small subunit) and 28S (large subunit) and partial mitochondrial 16S. We discuss the implications of this phylogeny for our understanding of cubozoan venom evolution, biogeography and life-history evolution. Our phylogenetic hypothesis suggests that: (i) the last common ancestor of Carybdeida probably possessed the mechanism(s) underlying Irukandji syndrome, (ii) deep divergences between Atlantic and Indo-Pacific clades may be explained by ancient vicariant events, and (iii) sexual dimorphism evolved a single time in concert with complex sexual behaviour. Furthermore, several cubozoan taxa are either para-or polyphyletic, and we address some of these taxonomic issues by designating a new family, Carukiidae, a new genus, Copula, and by redefining the families Tamoyidae and Tripedaliidae. Lastly, cubozoan species identities have long been misunderstood and the data presented here support many of the recent scientific descriptions of cubozoan species. However, the results of a phylogeographic analysis of Alatina moseri from Hawai'i and Alatina mordens from Australia indicate that these two nominal species represent a single species that has maintained metapopulation cohesion by natural or anthropogenic dispersal. C1 [Bentlage, Bastian; Cartwright, Paulyn] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Bentlage, Bastian; Lewis, Cheryl; Collins, Allen G.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Systemat Lab, NMFS, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Yanagihara, Angel A.] Univ Hawaii, Pacific Biomed Res Ctr, Bekesy Lab Neurobiol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Richards, Gemma S.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Bentlage, B (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 1200 Sunnyside Ave, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM bentlage@ku.edu RI Collins, Allen/A-7944-2008; Yanagihara, Angel/O-5664-2016 OI Collins, Allen/0000-0002-3664-9691; Yanagihara, Angel/0000-0001-6908-8176 FU US NSF Assembling the Tree of Life [EF-053179]; PADI Foundation FX We thank the following for assistance in the field, facilitation of museum studies, donation of specimens and/or sharing of knowledge: A. C. Arneson, the Australian Volunteer Coastguard Association-Townsville Flotilla, K. Bayha, T. Beukes, T. Coffer, Jen Collins, John Collins, M. Daly, M. N. Dawson, M. Ekins, N. M. Evans, P. J. Fenner, L. Gershwin, B. Gillan, G. C. Gray, the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, L. Gusmao, R. Helm, J. O'Keefe, M. Kawahara, S. Keable, S. Kubota, D. Lindsay, A. E. Migotto, A. C. Morandini, P. & L. Richards, R. Satterlie, the Two Oceans Aquarium. M. Migita and the Watanuki family kindly translated the original description of C. brevipedalia. We gratefully acknowledge J. Seymour and T. Carrette who provided many of the samples included in our analyses. Thanks to A. M. Nawrocki for collecting a specimen and helping with multi-threaded ML analyses. Two anonymous reviewers provided constructive criticisms that improved the manuscript significantly. Collections and technical staff of the National Museum of Natural History and the National Systematics Lab of NOAA's Fisheries Service provided assistance with handling and cataloguing voucher specimens, extraction of some DNA and amplification and sequencing of some genetic markers. Funding was provided through US NSF Assembling the Tree of Life grant EF-053179 to P. C., A. G. C. and D. Fautin and a PADI Foundation grant to B. B. NR 76 TC 33 Z9 43 U1 9 U2 81 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD FEB 7 PY 2010 VL 277 IS 1680 BP 493 EP 501 DI 10.1098/rspb.2009.1707 PG 9 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 535WB UT WOS:000273001500020 PM 19923131 ER PT J AU Kidston, J Dean, SM Renwick, JA Vallis, GK AF Kidston, J. Dean, S. M. Renwick, J. A. Vallis, G. K. TI A robust increase in the eddy length scale in the simulation of future climates SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BETA-PLANE; CIRCULATION; TROPOPAUSE; HEIGHT; GCM AB Output from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Phase 3 are analysed. It is shown that for the 'A2' business as usual scenario, every model exhibits an increase in the eddy length scale in the future compared with the simulation of 20th Century climate. The increase in length scale is on the order of 5% by the end of the 21st century, and the Southern Hemisphere exhibits a larger increase than the Northern Hemisphere. The inter-model variability in the increase in the eddy length scale is correlated with the variability in the increase in dry static stability at 700 hPa. Inspection of the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data indicates that the eddy length scale in the Southern Hemisphere may have increased in recent decades. Citation: Kidston, J., S. M. Dean, J. A. Renwick, and G. K. Vallis (2010), A robust increase in the eddy length scale in the simulation of future climates, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L03806, doi: 10.1029/2009GL041615. C1 [Kidston, J.; Vallis, G. K.] Princeton Univ, Atmosphere & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Kidston, J.; Vallis, G. K.] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Kidston, J.; Dean, S. M.; Renwick, J. A.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Auckland, New Zealand. [Kidston, J.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Geog Environm & Earth Sci, Wellington, New Zealand. RP Kidston, J (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmosphere & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM joseph.kidston@noaa.gov RI Dean, Sam/F-7711-2011; OI Renwick, James/0000-0002-9141-2486 FU NOAA [NA07OAR4310320] FX We thank Isaac Held and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on previous versions of this manuscript. J. Kidston and G. K. Vallis were partially supported by NOAA grant NA07OAR4310320. NR 15 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 6 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L03806 DI 10.1029/2009GL041615 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 553HG UT WOS:000274356500002 ER PT J AU Thornberry, T Froyd, KD Murphy, DM Thomson, DS Anderson, BE Thornhill, KL Winstead, EL AF Thornberry, T. Froyd, K. D. Murphy, D. M. Thomson, D. S. Anderson, B. E. Thornhill, K. L. Winstead, E. L. TI Persistence of organic carbon in heated aerosol residuals measured during Tropical Composition Cloud and Climate Coupling (TC4) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL MOBILITY ANALYZER; VOLATILITY MEASUREMENTS; MASS-SPECTROMETER; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; ATMOSPHERIC NUCLEI; PARTICLE ANALYSIS; INSTRUMENT; THERMODENUDER; FRACTIONS; POLLUTION AB The Particle Analysis by Laser Mass Spectrometry (PALMS) single particle mass spectrometer was used to analyze the composition of the nonvolatile fraction of atmospheric aerosol in a number of different environments. The mass spectra of individual particles sampled through an inlet section heated to 300 degrees C were compared to unheated particles during flights of the NASA DC-8 aircraft during the Tropical Composition Cloud and Climate Coupling (TC4) mission. Comparisons are presented of measurements made in the marine boundary layer, the free troposphere, and the continental boundary layer over the Colombian jungle. The heated section completely removed sulfate from the aerosols except for sodium sulfate and related compounds in sea salt particles. Organic material in sea salt particles was observed to be less volatile than chlorine. Biomass burning particles were more likely to survive heating than other mixed sulfate-organic particles. For all particle types, there was a significant contribution to the residues from carbonaceous material other than elemental carbon. These results demonstrate the remaining compositional complexity of aerosol residuals that survive heating in a thermal denuder. C1 [Thornberry, T.; Froyd, K. D.; Murphy, D. M.; Thomson, D. S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Thornberry, T.; Froyd, K. D.; Thomson, D. S.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Anderson, B. E.; Thornhill, K. L.; Winstead, E. L.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Thornberry, T (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM troy.thornberry@noaa.gov RI Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Froyd, Karl/H-6607-2013; Thornberry, Troy/H-7106-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; FU NOAA Climate and Global Change Program; NASA Science Mission Directorate FX We wish to thank the managers and crew of the NASA DC-8 for their support and accommodation during the TC4 mission. This work was supported by NOAA Climate and Global Change Program funding and by a grant from the NASA Science Mission Directorate. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 5 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D00J02 DI 10.1029/2009JD012721 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 553HP UT WOS:000274357400003 ER PT J AU Deng, L Payne, MG Hagley, EW AF Deng, L. Payne, M. G. Hagley, E. W. TI Electromagnetic Wave Dynamics in Matter-Wave Superradiant Scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; PHASE-COHERENT AMPLIFICATION; LIGHT-SCATTERING; RAYLEIGH-SCATTERING AB We present a small-signal wave propagation theory on matter-wave superradiant scattering. We show, in a longitudinally excited condensate, that the backward-propagating, superradiantly generated optical field propagates with ultraslow group velocity and that the small-signal gain profile has a Bragg resonance. We further show a unidirectional suppression of optical superradiant scattering, and explain why matter-wave superradiance can occur only when the pump laser is red detuned. This is the first analytical theory on field propagation in matter-wave superradiance that can explain all matter-wave superradiance experiments to date that used a single-frequency, long-pulse, red-detuned laser. C1 [Deng, L.; Payne, M. G.; Hagley, E. W.] NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Deng, L.] Chinese Acad Sci, Wuhan Inst Phys & Math, Ctr Cold Atom Phys, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China. RP Deng, L (reprint author), NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Deng, Lu/B-3997-2012; Hagley, Edward/B-4285-2012 NR 22 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 5 PY 2010 VL 104 IS 5 AR 050402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.050402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 553AM UT WOS:000274336800002 PM 20366750 ER PT J AU Knoop, S Ferlaino, F Berninger, M Mark, M Nagerl, HC Grimm, R D'Incao, JP Esry, BD AF Knoop, S. Ferlaino, F. Berninger, M. Mark, M. Naegerl, H.-C. Grimm, R. D'Incao, J. P. Esry, B. D. TI Magnetically Controlled Exchange Process in an Ultracold Atom-Dimer Mixture SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING LENGTH; MOLECULES; SYSTEMS; GAS AB We report on the observation of an elementary exchange process in an optically trapped ultracold sample of atoms and Feshbach molecules. We can magnetically control the energetic nature of the process and tune it from endoergic to exoergic, enabling the observation of a pronounced threshold behavior. In contrast to relaxation to more deeply bound molecular states, the exchange process does not lead to trap loss. We find excellent agreement between our experimental observations and calculations based on the solutions of three-body Schrodinger equation in the adiabatic hyperspherical representation. The high efficiency of the exchange process is explained by the halo character of both the initial and final molecular states. C1 [Knoop, S.; Ferlaino, F.; Berninger, M.; Mark, M.; Naegerl, H.-C.; Grimm, R.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Knoop, S.; Ferlaino, F.; Berninger, M.; Mark, M.; Naegerl, H.-C.; Grimm, R.] Univ Innsbruck, Zentrum Quantenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Grimm, R.] Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Quantenopt & Quanteninformat, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [D'Incao, J. P.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [D'Incao, J. P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Esry, B. D.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Knoop, S (reprint author), Univ Heidelberg, Kirchhoff Inst Phys, D-6900 Heidelberg, Germany. RI Naegerl, Hanns-Christoph/E-7329-2010; D'Incao, Jose/B-1289-2010; Grimm, Rudolf/D-2864-2009; Ferlaino, francesca/E-6726-2012; Esry, Brett/H-7511-2013; Knoop, Steven/N-6919-2013 OI Naegerl, Hanns-Christoph/0000-0002-7789-4431; Grimm, Rudolf/0000-0003-1085-5558; Esry, Brett/0000-0003-3207-8526; Knoop, Steven/0000-0002-5090-6295 FU FWF; U. S. NSF FX Commission. F. F. was supported within the Lise Meitner program of the FWF. J. P. D. and B. D. E. acknowledge support from U. S. NSF. NR 32 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 5 PY 2010 VL 104 IS 5 AR 053201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.053201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 553AM UT WOS:000274336800011 PM 20366759 ER PT J AU Sunda, WG AF Sunda, William G. TI Iron and the Carbon Pump SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; SPECIATION; WATERS C1 NOAA, Beaufort Lab, Natl Ocean Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Sunda, WG (reprint author), NOAA, Beaufort Lab, Natl Ocean Serv, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM bill.sunda@noaa.gov NR 16 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 36 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 5 PY 2010 VL 327 IS 5966 BP 654 EP 655 DI 10.1126/science.1186151 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 551ZD UT WOS:000274251800027 PM 20133563 ER PT J AU Guo, Y Bandaru, V Jaruga, P Zhao, XB Burrows, CJ Iwai, S Dizdaroglu, M Bond, JP Wallace, SS AF Guo, Yin Bandaru, Viswanath Jaruga, Pawel Zhao, Xiaobei Burrows, Cynthia J. Iwai, Shigenori Dizdaroglu, Miral Bond, Jeffrey P. Wallace, Susan S. TI The oxidative DNA glycosylases of Mycobacterium tuberculosis exhibit different substrate preferences from their Escherichia coli counterparts SO DNA REPAIR LA English DT Article DE Base excision repair; Oxidative DNA glycosylases; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ID BASE-EXCISION-REPAIR; ENDONUCLEASE-VIII; FPG PROTEIN; DAMAGED DNA; THYMINE GLYCOL; OXIDIZED BASES; LESIONS SPIROIMINODIHYDANTOIN; STEREOSELECTIVE EXCISION; HYDANTOIN PRODUCTS; MAMMALIAN-CELLS AB The DNA glycosylases that remove oxidized DNA bases fall into two general families: the Fpg/Nei family and the Nth superfamily. Based on protein sequence alignments, we identified four putative Fpg/Nei family members, as well as a putative Nth protein in Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. All four Fpg/Nei proteins were successfully overexpressed using a bicistronic vector created in our laboratory. The MtuNth protein was also overexpressed in soluble form. The substrate specificities of the purified enzymes were characterized in vitro with oligodeoxynucleotide substrates containing single lesions. Some were further characterized by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis of products released from gamma-irradiated DNA. MtuFpg1 has substrate specificity similar to that of EcoFpg. Both EcoFpg and MtuFpg1 are more efficient at removing spiroiminodihydantoin (Sp) than 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG). However, MtuFpg1 shows a substantially increased opposite base discrimination compared to EcoFpg. MtuFpg2 contains only the C-terminal domain of an Fpg protein and has no detectable DNA binding activity or DNA glycosylase/lyase activity and thus appears to be a pseudogene. MtuNei1 recognizes oxidized pyrimidines on both double-stranded and single-stranded DNA and exhibits uracil DNA glycosylase activity. MtuNth recognizes a variety of oxidized bases, including urea, 5,6-dihydrouracil (DHU), 5-hydroxyuracil (5-OHU), 5-hydroxycytosine (5-OHC) and methylhydantoin (MeHyd). Both MtuNei1 and MtuNth excise thymine glycol (Tg); however, MtuNei1 strongly prefers the (5R) isomers, whereas MtuNth recognizes only the (5S) isomers. MtuNei2 did not demonstrate activity in vitro as a recombinant protein, but like MtuNei1 when expressed in Escherichia coli, it decreased the spontaneous mutation frequency of both the fpg mutY nei triple and nei nth double mutants, suggesting that MtuNei2 is functionally active in vivo recognizing both guanine and cytosine oxidation products. The kinetic parameters of the MtuFpg1, MtuNei1 and MtuNth proteins on selected substrates were also determined and compared to those of their E. coli homologs. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Guo, Yin; Bandaru, Viswanath; Bond, Jeffrey P.; Wallace, Susan S.] Univ Vermont, Markey Ctr Mol Genet, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Jaruga, Pawel; Dizdaroglu, Miral] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jaruga, Pawel] Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Coll Med, Dept Clin Biochem, Bydgoszcz, Poland. [Zhao, Xiaobei; Burrows, Cynthia J.] Univ Utah, Dept Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Iwai, Shigenori] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn Sci, Div Chem, Osaka 5608531, Japan. RP Wallace, SS (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Markey Ctr Mol Genet, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Stafford Hall,95 Carrigan Dr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM debra.stern@uvm.edu RI Zhao, Xiaobei/E-7485-2012; Jaruga, Pawel/M-4378-2015; OI Wallace, Susan S./0000-0002-3906-0321 FU National Institutes of Health [PO1 CA098993]; National Cancer Institute; DOE EPSCoR [DE-F602-OOER45828] FX We thank Dr. Nadine Honor and Dr. Karin Eiglmeier of Institute Pasteur, Paris, France, for generously providing the genomic DNA of M. tuberculosis H37Rv and Dr. Hiroshi Ide of Hiroshima University for connecting us with Dr. Iwai who provided the thymine glycol isomers. Moreover, we would like to thank Wendy Cooper and Alicia Holmes for their help in protein purification. We also thank Dr. Sylvie Doublie and April Averill for helpful suggestions on protein expression and purification. We are grateful to Jeffrey Blaisdell and Dr. Scott Kathe for determining the active fractions of all the control enzymes as well as helpful discussion in terms of enzyme kinetics. We also appreciate the generous help of Drs. Stephanie Duclos, Pierre Aller, Matthew Hogg, Dorothy Pumo, as well as that of Ramiro Barrantes-Reynolds and Minmin Liu. The study was supported by National Institutes of Health grant PO1 CA098993 awarded by the National Cancer Institute. Yin Guo was supported by a research fellowship from DOE EPSCoR DE-F602-OOER45828. NR 80 TC 21 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-7864 J9 DNA REPAIR JI DNA Repair PD FEB 4 PY 2010 VL 9 IS 2 BP 177 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.dnarep.2009.11.008 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 563PB UT WOS:000275143900010 PM 20031487 ER PT J AU Hattrick-Simpers, JR Wang, K Cao, L Chiu, C Heilweil, E Downing, RG Bendersky, LA AF Hattrick-Simpers, Jason R. Wang, Ke Cao, Lei Chiu, Chun Heilweil, Edwin Downing, Robert Gregory Bendersky, Leonid A. TI Observation of phase transitions in hydrogenated Yttrium films via normalized infrared emissivity SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen storage; Yttrium hydride; IR emissivity ID HYDRIDE FILMS; DIFFUSION; DEUTERIUM AB The direct observation of a sequence of phase transitions during hydrogenation of Y thin films has been realized through the use of in situ isothermal infrared emissivity measurements. The formation of different phases, alpha-Y(H), YH(2) and YH(3). has been identified based on the observation of changes in the slope of the normalized IR emissivity vs. time curve during hydrogen loading. The presence of alpha-Y(H), YH(2) and YH(3) was confirmed by ex situ X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and prompt gamma activation analysis. Transmission electron microscopy further demonstrated epitaxial orientation relationships between the Al(2)O(3) substrate, Ti buffer layer, the as-deposited Y film, as well as its hydrides. These results clearly demonstrate the power of IR emissivity imaging to monitor, in real time, the formation of hydride phases of both metallic and insulating character near the surface of a thin-film sample. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hattrick-Simpers, Jason R.; Wang, Ke; Chiu, Chun; Bendersky, Leonid A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cao, Lei; Downing, Robert Gregory] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Heilweil, Edwin] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cao, Lei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Hattrick-Simpers, JR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jhsimper@nist.gov RI Wang, Ke/C-8021-2011; Cao, Lei/B-3254-2012 OI Cao, Lei/0000-0003-4018-9496 NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD FEB 4 PY 2010 VL 490 IS 1-2 BP 42 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.10.054 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 559PV UT WOS:000274839100022 ER PT J AU Leibfried, D AF Leibfried, Dietrich TI Could a boom in technologies trap Feynman's simulator? SO NATURE LA English DT Letter C1 NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Leibfried, D (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM dil@boulder.nist.gov NR 1 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD FEB 4 PY 2010 VL 463 IS 7281 BP 608 EP 608 DI 10.1038/463608b PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 551GB UT WOS:000274193900014 PM 20130629 ER PT J AU Hickey, BM Kudela, RM Nash, JD Bruland, KW Peterson, WT MacCready, P Lessard, EJ Jay, DA Banas, NS Baptista, AM Dever, EP Kosro, PM Kilcher, LK Horner-Devine, AR Zaron, ED McCabe, RM Peterson, JO Orton, PM Pan, J Lohan, MC AF Hickey, B. M. Kudela, R. M. Nash, J. D. Bruland, K. W. Peterson, W. T. MacCready, P. Lessard, E. J. Jay, D. A. Banas, N. S. Baptista, A. M. Dever, E. P. Kosro, P. M. Kilcher, L. K. Horner-Devine, A. R. Zaron, E. D. McCabe, R. M. Peterson, J. O. Orton, P. M. Pan, J. Lohan, M. C. TI River Influences on Shelf Ecosystems: Introduction and synthesis SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Review ID HIGHLY STRATIFIED ESTUARY; 3D BAROCLINIC CIRCULATION; COASTAL UPWELLING REGIMES; CROSS-SCALE MODEL; COLUMBIA RIVER; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; RESIDUAL CIRCULATION; SHALLOW ESTUARIES AB River Influences on Shelf Ecosystems (RISE) is the first comprehensive interdisciplinary study of the rates and dynamics governing the mixing of river and coastal waters in an eastern boundary current system, as well as the effects of the resultant plume on phytoplankton standing stocks, growth and grazing rates, and community structure. The RISE Special Volume presents results deduced from four field studies and two different numerical model applications, including an ecosystem model, on the buoyant plume originating from the Columbia River. This introductory paper provides background information on variability during RISE field efforts as well as a synthesis of results, with particular attention to the questions and hypotheses that motivated this research. RISE studies have shown that the maximum mixing of Columbia River and ocean water occurs primarily near plume liftoff inside the estuary and in the near field of the plume. Most plume nitrate originates from upwelled shelf water, and plume phytoplankton species are typically the same as those found in the adjacent coastal ocean. River-supplied nitrate can help maintain the ecosystem during periods of delayed upwelling. The plume inhibits iron limitation, but nitrate limitation is observed in aging plumes. The plume also has significant effects on rates of primary productivity and growth (higher in new plume water) and microzooplankton grazing (lower in the plume near field and north of the river mouth); macrozooplankton concentration (enhanced at plume fronts); offshelf chlorophyll export; as well as the development of a chlorophyll "shadow zone'' off northern Oregon. C1 [Hickey, B. M.; MacCready, P.; Lessard, E. J.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Jay, D. A.; Zaron, E. D.; Pan, J.] Portland State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Lohan, M. C.] Univ Plymouth, SEOS, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. [McCabe, R. M.] Univ New S Wales, Dept Aviat, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Orton, P. M.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Earth Inst, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Peterson, W. T.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Banas, N. S.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Baptista, A. M.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Sci & Technol Ctr Coastal Margin Observat & Predi, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. [Kudela, R. M.; Bruland, K. W.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Nash, J. D.; Dever, E. P.; Kosro, P. M.; Kilcher, L. K.; Peterson, J. O.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Hickey, BM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM bhickey@u.washington.edu RI Orton, Philip/A-9791-2010; Banas, Neil/C-8565-2015; OI Lohan, Maeve/0000-0002-5340-3108; Horner-Devine, Alexander/0000-0003-2323-7150; Baptista, Antonio/0000-0002-7641-5937; Banas, Neil/0000-0002-1892-9497; Kosro, P. Michael/0000-0003-3693-2558 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [OCE-0239089, OCE-0238347, OCE-0238021, OCE-0238727, OCE-0237710, OCE-0622278, OCE-0239072, OCE-0239107, OCE-0424602]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Bonneville Power Administration FX This summary was supported by grant OCE-0239089 to B. Hickey, P. MacCready, and E. Lessard; OCE-0238347 to K. Bruland and R. Kudela; OCE-0238021 to E. Dever; OCE-0238727 to J. Nash and J. Moum; OCE-0237710 to M. Kosro; OCE-0622278 and OCE-0239072 to D. Jay and A. Baptista; and OCE-0239107 to W. Peterson from the National Science Foundation (NSF) as part of the Coastal Ocean Processes RISE Program. The CORIE/SATURN observation and prediction system is scientific infrastructure of the NSF Science and Technology Center for Coastal Margin Observation and Prediction (OCE-0424602) and is also partially supported by regional stakeholders, including the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Bonneville Power Administration. The authors would like to thank the captains and crews of the R/V Wecoma and Pt. Sur for their outstanding support of this research. RISE would not have been successful without the combined efforts of numerous staff and students from each of the research teams; in particular, Nancy Kachel, Susan Geier, Mike Foy, Megan Bernhardt, David Darr, Sherry Palacios, Misty Blakely, Bettina Sohst, Geoffrey Smith, and Keith Leffler. This is contribution 48 of the RISE program. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NSF. NR 120 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 3 U2 35 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB 3 PY 2010 VL 115 AR C00B17 DI 10.1029/2009JC005452 PG 26 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 553HU UT WOS:000274357900002 ER PT J AU Barberis-Blostein, P Norris, DG Orozco, LA Carmichael, HJ AF Barberis-Blostein, P. Norris, D. G. Orozco, L. A. Carmichael, H. J. TI From quantum feedback to probabilistic error correction: manipulation of quantum beats in cavity QED SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; OPTICAL CAVITY; SINGLE-ATOM; COHERENCE AB It is shown how one can implement quantum feedback and probabilistic error correction in an open quantum system consisting of a single atom, with ground- and excited-state Zeeman structure, in a driven two-mode optical cavity. The ground-state superposition is manipulated and controlled through conditional measurements and external fields, which shield the coherence and correct quantum errors. Modeling an experimentally realistic situation demonstrates the robustness of the proposal for realization in the laboratory. C1 [Norris, D. G.; Orozco, L. A.; Carmichael, H. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Norris, D. G.; Orozco, L. A.; Carmichael, H. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Barberis-Blostein, P.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Invest Matemat Aplicadas & Sistemas, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Carmichael, H. J.] Univ Auckland, Dept Phys, Auckland, New Zealand. RP Orozco, LA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM lorozco@umd.edu RI Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD/H-4494-2011 FU CONACYT, Mexico; NSF of the United States; Marsden Fund of RSNZ of New Zealand FX This work was supported by CONACYT, Mexico, NSF of the United States, and the Marsden Fund of RSNZ of New Zealand. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD FEB 3 PY 2010 VL 12 AR 023002 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/12/2/023002 PG 13 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 551XS UT WOS:000274247300002 ER PT J AU DelRio, FW Steffens, KL Jaye, C Fischer, DA Cook, RF AF DelRio, Frank W. Steffens, Kristen L. Jaye, Cherno Fischer, Daniel A. Cook, Robert F. TI Elastic, Adhesive, and Charge Transport Properties of a Metal-Molecule-Metal Junction: The Role of Molecular Orientation, Order, and Coverage SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; LANGMUIR-BLODGETT MONOLAYERS; CHAIN-LENGTH DEPENDENCE; THIN INSULATING FILM; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ORGANOSULFUR COMPOUNDS; MICROMACHINED SURFACES; FRICTIONAL-PROPERTIES; ELECTRICAL CONTACTS AB The elastic, adhesive, and charge transport properties of a metal-molecule-metal junction were studied via conducting-probe atomic force microscopy (AFM) and correlated with molecular structure by near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. The junctions consisted of Co-Cr-coated AFM tips in contact with methyl-terminated alkanethiols (CH3(CH2)(n-1)SH, denoted by C-n, where n is the number of carbons in the molecular chain) on Au substrates. AFM contact data were analyzed with the Derjaguin-Muller-Toporov contact model, modified by a first-order elastic perturbation method to account for substrate effects, and a parabolic tunneling model, appropriate for a metal-insulator-metal junction in which the thickness of the insulator is comparable to the Fermi wavelength of the conducting electrons. NEXAFS carbon K-edge spectra were used to compute the dichroic ratio R-1 for each Film, which provided a quantitative measure of the molecular structure as a function of n. As it decreased from IS to 5, there was a change in the molecular phase from crystalline to amorphous (R-t -> 0)and loss of surface coverage, and as a result, the work of adhesion w increased from 82.8 mJ m(-2) to 168.3 mJ m(-2), the Young's modulus of the film E-film decreased from 1.0 to 0.15 GPa. and the tunneling barrier height phi(0) - E-F decreased from 2.4 to 2.1 eV. For all n, the harrier thickness t decreased for small applied loads F and remained constant at similar to 2.2 run for large F The change in behavior was explained by the presence of two insulating layers: an oxide layer on the Co-Cr tip, and the alkanethiol monolayer on the Au surface. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the presence of an oxide layer on the Co-Cr tip, and by performing high-resolution region scans through the film, the thickness of the oxide layer t(oxide) was found to be between 1.9 and 3.9 nm. Finally, it was shown that phi(0) - E-F is strain-dependent, and the strain at which the film is completely displaced from under the tip is -0.17 for all values of n. C1 [DelRio, Frank W.; Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.; Cook, Robert F.] NIST, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Steffens, Kristen L.] NIST, Proc Measurements Div, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP DelRio, FW (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM frank.delrio@nist.gov NR 100 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD FEB 2 PY 2010 VL 26 IS 3 BP 1688 EP 1699 DI 10.1021/la902653n PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 546SM UT WOS:000273831700059 PM 19839640 ER PT J AU Pande, CS McFadden, GB AF Pande, C. S. McFadden, G. B. TI Self-similar grain size distribution in three dimensions: A stochastic treatment SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Grain growth; Modelling; Theory ID GROWTH; BOUNDARIES; SIMULATION; EVOLUTION; MODEL AB In this paper, a stochastic formulation of three-dimensional grain growth is presented. This formulation employs the recent extension of the von Neumann law to three dimensions, and leads to a Fokker-Planck equation for the size distribution. The self-similar solutions of the Fokker-Planck equation presented here are based on the assumption of quasi-stationary distributions reached in the long time limit. The resulting grain size distributions, obtained both numerically and analytically, are shown to be in good agreement with each other and also with those obtained from computer simulations, indicating the validity of the stochastic approach. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia, Inc. C1 [McFadden, G. B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pande, C. S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McFadden, GB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg 820,Room 365,100 Bur Dr Stop 8910, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mcfadden@nist.gov RI McFadden, Geoffrey/A-7920-2008 OI McFadden, Geoffrey/0000-0001-6723-2103 FU Office of Naval Research FX This work is supported in part by the Office of Naval Research. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 58 IS 3 BP 1037 EP 1044 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2009.10.020 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 558SH UT WOS:000274765600030 ER PT J AU Winchester, MR Sturgeon, RE Costa-Fernandez, JM AF Winchester, Michael R. Sturgeon, Ralph E. Manuel Costa-Fernandez, Jose TI Chemical characterization of engineered nanoparticles SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Winchester, Michael R.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sturgeon, Ralph E.] Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Natl Measurement Stand, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. [Manuel Costa-Fernandez, Jose] Univ Oviedo, Dept Phys & Analyt Chem, E-33006 Oviedo, Spain. RP Winchester, MR (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mwinchester@nist.gov NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 396 IS 3 BP 951 EP 952 DI 10.1007/s00216-009-3355-y PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 546WN UT WOS:000273845200001 PM 20024531 ER PT J AU Cheng, GJ Walker, ARH AF Cheng, Guangjun Walker, A. R. Hight TI Transmission electron microscopy characterization of colloidal copper nanoparticles and their chemical reactivity SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Copper nanoparticles; Copper oxide nanoparticles; Copper sulfide nanoplates; Kirkendall effect; Nanoplates; Transmission electron microscopy ID NANOCRYSTAL SYNTHESIS; COBALT NANOPARTICLES; METAL NANOCRYSTALS; SMALL PARTICLES; SHAPE; ASSEMBLIES; SIZE; NANOSCALE; CHEMISTRY; NANOCUBES AB A colloidal synthesis method was developed to produce face centered cubic (fcc) Cu nanoparticles in the presence of surfactants in an organic solvent under an Ar environment. Various synthetic conditions were explored to control the size of the as-prepared nanoparticles by changing the precursor, varying the amount of surfactants, and tuning the reaction temperature. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected-area electron diffraction, and high-resolution TEM were used as the main characterization tools. Upon exposure to air, these nanoparticles are oxidized at different levels depending on their sizes: ( 1) an inhomogeneous layer of fcc Cu2O forms at the surface of Cu nanoparticles ( about 30 nm); ( 2) Cu nanoparticles ( about 5 nm) are immediately oxidized into fcc Cu2O nanoparticles ( about 6 nm). The occurrence of these different levels of oxidization demonstrates the reactive nature of Cu nanoparticles and the effect of size on their reactivity. Furthermore, utilization of their chemical reactivity and conversion of spherical Cu nanoparticles into CuS nanoplates through the nanoscale Kirkendall effect were demonstrated. The oxidization and sulfidation of Cu nanoparticles were compared. Different diffusion and growth behaviors were involved in these two chemical transformations, resulting in the formation of isotropic Cu2O nanoparticles during oxidization and anisotropic CuS nanoplates during sulfidation. C1 [Cheng, Guangjun; Walker, A. R. Hight] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cheng, GJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM guangjun.cheng@nist.gov RI Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009 OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672 FU Maryland NanoCenter and its NispLab; NSF FX We thank Li-Chung Lai and Wen-An Chiou for their help with TEM measurements. We acknowledge the support of the Maryland NanoCenter and its NispLab. The NispLab is supported in part by the NSF as an MRSEC Shared Experimental Facility. NR 37 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 36 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 396 IS 3 BP 1057 EP 1069 DI 10.1007/s00216-009-3203-0 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 546WN UT WOS:000273845200011 PM 19841909 ER PT J AU Mansfield, E Kar, A Hooker, SA AF Mansfield, Elisabeth Kar, Aparna Hooker, Stephanie A. TI Applications of TGA in quality control of SWCNTs SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Thermogravimetric analysis; Quality control; Carbon nanotubes ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES AB Carbon nanotubes exhibit a range of chemistries, including mixtures of different nanotube diameters, lengths, and chiralities coupled with various concentrations of metallic and non-nanotube- carbon impurities. The performance of a given material for a specific application depends on the chemistry, which is dictated in large part by the manufacturing process. Here, thermogravimetric analysis is utilized as a bulk characterization method for determining nanotube quality after manufacturing. The application of thermogravimetric analysis for quantifying basic nanotube chemistry is described (e.g., carbon-to-metal content, homogeneity). In addition, extension of the method to analyze specific nanotube properties (i.e., length and diameter) is reported. Results indicate that thermogravimetric analysis is sufficiently sensitive to enable quality control at both the macro-scale (carbon-to-metal ratio) and nano-scale (single-walled to multi-walled) and can detect subtle modifications in manufacturing processes. C1 [Mansfield, Elisabeth; Kar, Aparna; Hooker, Stephanie A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Mansfield, E (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM elisabeth.mansfield@nist.gov RI Mansfield, Elisabeth/C-5258-2012 OI Mansfield, Elisabeth/0000-0003-2463-0966 NR 12 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 396 IS 3 BP 1071 EP 1077 DI 10.1007/s00216-009-3319-2 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 546WN UT WOS:000273845200012 PM 20016881 ER PT J AU Zeleny, R Voorspoels, S Ricci, M Becker, R Jung, C Bremser, W Sittidech, M Panyawathanakit, N Wong, WF Choi, SM Lo, KC Yeung, WY Kim, DH Han, J Ryu, J Mingwu, S Chao, W Schantz, MM Lippa, KA Matsuyama, S AF Zeleny, R. Voorspoels, S. Ricci, M. Becker, R. Jung, C. Bremser, W. Sittidech, M. Panyawathanakit, N. Wong, W. F. Choi, S. M. Lo, K. C. Yeung, W. Y. Kim, D. H. Han, J. Ryu, J. Mingwu, S. Chao, W. Schantz, M. M. Lippa, K. A. Matsuyama, S. TI Evaluation of the state-of-the-art measurement capabilities for selected PBDEs and decaBB in plastic by the international intercomparison CCQM-P114 SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Flame retardants; Polymer; Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs); Polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs); International intercomparison ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; DIPHENYL ETHERS; STABILITY AB An international intercomparison involving eight national metrology institutes (NMIs) was conducted to establish their current measurement capabilities for determining five selected congeners from the brominated flame retardant classes polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polybrominated biphenyls. A candidate reference material consisting of polypropylene fortified with technical mixtures of penta-, octa- and decabromo diphenyl ether and decabromo biphenyl, which was thoroughly assessed for material homogeneity and stability, was used as study material. The analytical procedures applied by the participants differed with regard to sample pre-treatment, extraction, clean-up, employed calibrants and type of calibration procedure as well as regarding analytical methods used for separation, identification and quantification of the flame retardant congeners ( gas chromatography coupled to an electron capture detector (GC-ECD), gas chromatography- mass spectrometry in the electron ionisation mode (GC-EI-MS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the electron capture negative ionisation mode (GC-ECNI-MS), and liquid chromatography-inductive coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LC-ICP-MS)). The laboratory means agreed well with relative standard deviations of the mean of means of 1.9%, 4.8%, 5.5% and 5.4% for brominated diphenyl ether (BDE) 47, 183 and 209 and for the brominated biphenyl (BB) congener 209, respectively. For BDE 206, a relative standard deviation of 28.5% was obtained. For all five congeners, within-laboratory relative standard deviations of six measurements obtained under intermediate precision conditions were between 1% and 10%, and reported expanded measurements uncertainties typically ranged from 4% to 10% (8% to 14% for BDE 206). Furthermore, the results are in good agreement with those obtained in the characterization exercise for determining certified values for the flame retardant congeners in the same material. The results demonstrate the state-of-the-art measurement capabilities of NMIs for quantifying representative BDE congeners and BB 209 in a polymer. The outcome of this intercomparison (pilot study) in conjunction with possible improvements for employing exclusively calibrants with thoroughly assessed purity suggests that a key comparison aiming at underpinning calibration and measurement capability (CMC) claims of NMIs can be conducted. C1 [Zeleny, R.; Ricci, M.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. [Becker, R.; Jung, C.; Bremser, W.] BAM Bundesanstalt Mat Forsch & Prufung, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Sittidech, M.; Panyawathanakit, N.] DSS, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Wong, W. F.; Choi, S. M.; Lo, K. C.; Yeung, W. Y.] Govt Lab, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Kim, D. H.; Han, J.; Ryu, J.] KRISS, Taejon 305340, South Korea. [Mingwu, S.; Chao, W.] NIM, Beijing 100013, Peoples R China. [Schantz, M. M.; Lippa, K. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Matsuyama, S.] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, NMIJ, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058565, Japan. [Voorspoels, S.] Flemish Inst Technol Res VITO, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. RP Zeleny, R (reprint author), Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, Retieseweg 111, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. EM reinhard.zeleny@ec.europa.eu RI Voorspoels, Stefan/G-8958-2014 OI Voorspoels, Stefan/0000-0002-9005-1930 NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 396 IS 4 BP 1501 EP 1511 DI 10.1007/s00216-009-3314-7 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 550PN UT WOS:000274140500015 PM 20012028 ER PT J AU Bruno, TJ Ott, LS Smith, BL Lovestead, TM AF Bruno, Thomas J. Ott, Lisa S. Smith, Beverly L. Lovestead, Tara M. TI Complex Fluid Analysis with the Advanced Distillation Curve Approach SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DECREASED PARTICULATE-EMISSIONS; CARBONYL SULFIDE HYDROLYSIS; SURROGATE MIXTURE MODEL; DIESEL FUEL; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; AVIATION FUEL; JET FUEL; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; IMPROVEMENTS AB An improved method for measuring distillation curves reveals the physicochemical properties of complex fluids such as fuels. C1 [Bruno, Thomas J.; Smith, Beverly L.] NIST, PREP Program, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Smith, Beverly L.] NIST, SURF Program, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), NIST, PREP Program, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [MIPR F1ATA06004G004] FX We acknowledge the assistance of a multinational oil company for providing the two crude oil samples, Dr. Yuanhui Zhang at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign for providing the swine-manure-derived oil, and J. Tim Edwards of the Air Force Research Laboratory for providing the rocket and aviation fuel samples used in this work. We also acknowledge the financial support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (MIPR F1ATA06004G004). NR 69 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 3 BP 777 EP 783 DI 10.1021/ac902002j PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 548RK UT WOS:000273983700005 PM 20041713 ER PT J AU Rhoderick, GC Duewer, DL Ning, L DeSirant, K AF Rhoderick, George C. Duewer, David L. Ning, Li DeSirant, Kathryn TI Hydrocarbon Gas Standards at the pmol/mol Level to Support Ambient Atmospheric Measurements SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NONMETHANE HYDROCARBONS; METHANE AB Studies of climate change increasingly recognize the diverse influences exerted by hydrocarbons in the atmosphere, including roles in particulates and ozone formation. Measurements of key non-methane hydrocarbons (NMECs) suggest atmospheric concentrations ranging from low pmol/mol to nmol/mol, depending on location and compound. To accurately establish concentration trends and to relate measurement records from many laboratories and researchers, it is essential to have good calibration standards. Several of the world's National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) are developing primary and secondary reference gas standards at the nmol/mol level. While the U.S. NMI, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), has developed pmol/mol standards for halocarbons and some volatile organics, the feasibility of preparing well-characterized, stable standards for NMHCs at the pmol/mol level is not yet established. NIST recently developed a suite of primary standards by gravimetric dilution that contains 18 NMHCs covering the concentration range of 60 pmol/mol to 230 pmol/mol. Taking into account the small but chemically significant contribution of NMHCs in the high-purity diluent nitrogen used in their preparation, the relative concentrations and short-term stability (2 to 3 months) of these NMHCs in the primary standards have been confirmed by chromatographic analysis. ne gravimetric values assigned from the methods used to prepare the materials and the analytical concentrations determined from chromatographic analysis generally agree to within +/-2 pmol/mol. However, anomalous results for several of the compounds reflect the difficulties inherent in avoiding contamination and making accurate measurements at these very low levels. C1 [Rhoderick, George C.; Duewer, David L.; Ning, Li; DeSirant, Kathryn] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rhoderick, GC (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,MS-8393, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM george.rhoderick@nist.gov NR 28 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 3 BP 859 EP 867 DI 10.1021/ac901939t PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 548RK UT WOS:000273983700017 PM 20052968 ER PT J AU Abdelzaher, AM Wright, ME Ortega, C Solo-Gabriele, HM Miller, G Elmir, S Newman, X Shih, P Bonilla, JA Bonilla, TD Palmer, CJ Scott, T Lukasik, J Harwood, VJ McQuaig, S Sinigalliano, C Gidley, M Plano, LRW Zhu, XF Wang, JD Fleming, LE AF Abdelzaher, Amir M. Wright, Mary E. Ortega, Cristina Solo-Gabriele, Helena M. Miller, Gary Elmir, Samir Newman, Xihui Shih, Peter Bonilla, J. Alfredo Bonilla, Tonya D. Palmer, Carol J. Scott, Troy Lukasik, Jerzy Harwood, Valerie J. McQuaig, Shannon Sinigalliano, Chris Gidley, Maribeth Plano, Lisa R. W. Zhu, Xiaofang Wang, John D. Fleming, Lora E. TI Presence of Pathogens and Indicator Microbes at a Non-Point Source Subtropical Recreational Marine Beach SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; REAL-TIME PCR; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; WATER-QUALITY; FECAL POLLUTION; COASTAL WATERS; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; FLORIDA BEACH; LAKE-MICHIGAN; HUMAN VIRUSES AB Swimming in ocean water, including ocean water at beaches not impacted by known point sources of pollution, is an increasing health concern. This study was an initial evaluation of the presence of indicator microbes and pathogens and the association among the indicator microbes, pathogens, and environmental conditions at a subtropical, recreational marine beach in south Florida impacted by non-point sources of pollution. Twelve water and eight sand samples were collected during four sampling events at high or low tide under elevated or reduced solar insolation conditions. The analyses performed included analyses of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) (fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, enterococci, and Clostridium perfringens), human-associated microbial source tracking (MST) markers (human polyomaviruses [HPyVs] and Enterococcus faecium esp gene), and pathogens (Vibrio vulnificus, Staphylococcus aureus, enterovirus, norovirus, hepatitis A virus, Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia spp.). The enterococcus concentrations in water and sand determined by quantitative PCR were greater than the concentrations determined by membrane filtration measurement. The FIB concentrations in water were below the recreational water quality standards for three of the four sampling events, when pathogens and MST markers were also generally undetectable. The FIB levels exceeded regulatory guidelines during one event, and this was accompanied by detection of HPyVs and pathogens, including detection of the autochthonous bacterium V. vulnificus in sand and water, detection of the allochthonous protozoans Giardia spp. in water, and detection of Cryptosporidium spp. in sand samples. The elevated microbial levels were detected at high tide and under low-solar-insolation conditions. Additional sampling should be conducted to further explore the relationships between tidal and solar insolation conditions and between indicator microbes and pathogens in subtropical recreational marine waters impacted by non-point source pollution. C1 [Abdelzaher, Amir M.; Wright, Mary E.; Ortega, Cristina; Solo-Gabriele, Helena M.; Elmir, Samir; Bonilla, J. Alfredo; Bonilla, Tonya D.; Palmer, Carol J.; Scott, Troy; Sinigalliano, Chris; Gidley, Maribeth; Plano, Lisa R. W.; Zhu, Xiaofang; Wang, John D.; Fleming, Lora E.] Univ Miami, NSF NIEHS Oceans & Human Hlth Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Abdelzaher, Amir M.; Wright, Mary E.; Ortega, Cristina; Solo-Gabriele, Helena M.; Scott, Troy] Univ Miami, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. [Miller, Gary; Elmir, Samir] Miami Dade Cty Hlth Dept, Miami, FL 33056 USA. [Newman, Xihui; Shih, Peter] Bur Labs Miami, Florida Dept Hlth, Miami, FL 33125 USA. [Bonilla, J. Alfredo; Bonilla, Tonya D.; Palmer, Carol J.] Univ Florida, Dept Infect Dis & Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Scott, Troy] BCS Labs Inc, Miami, FL 33155 USA. [Lukasik, Jerzy] BCS Labs Inc, Gainesville, FL 32609 USA. [Harwood, Valerie J.; McQuaig, Shannon] Univ S Florida, Dept Integrat Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Sinigalliano, Chris; Gidley, Maribeth] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Plano, Lisa R. W.] Univ Miami, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Plano, Lisa R. W.] Univ Miami, Dept Pediat, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Zhu, Xiaofang; Wang, John D.] Univ Miami, Div Appl Marine Phys, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Fleming, Lora E.] Univ Miami, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Fleming, Lora E.] Univ Miami, Dept Fisheries & Marine Biol, Miami, FL 33136 USA. RP Solo-Gabriele, HM (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, POB 248294, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM hmsolo@miami.edu RI Sinigalliano, Christopher/A-8760-2014; gidley, maribeth/B-8335-2014 OI Sinigalliano, Christopher/0000-0002-9942-238X; gidley, maribeth/0000-0001-9583-8073 FU Florida Department of Health; NSF-NIEHS Oceans and Human Health Program [NIEHS P50 ES12736, NSF OCE 0432368/0911373]; NSF REU Program [OCE 0432368]; NSF SGER Program [OCE 0554402] FX This research was supported by the Florida Department of Health (contract CORAM), by the NSF-NIEHS Oceans and Human Health Program (grants NIEHS P50 ES12736 and NSF OCE 0432368/0911373), by the NSF REU Program (grant OCE 0432368), and by the NSF SGER Program (grant OCE 0554402). We thank IDEXX Corporation for their support of this project through provision of supplies needed for the chromogenic substrate analysis of enterococci. NR 58 TC 82 Z9 86 U1 3 U2 39 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 76 IS 3 BP 724 EP 732 DI 10.1128/AEM.02127-09 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 549BV UT WOS:000274017400013 PM 19966020 ER PT J AU Snider, RL Wahlstrand, JK Zhang, H Mirin, RP Cundiff, ST AF Snider, R. L. Wahlstrand, J. K. Zhang, H. Mirin, R. P. Cundiff, S. T. TI Quantum interference control of photocurrent injection in Er-doped GaAs SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL CURRENTS; CARRIER LIFETIME; COHERENT CONTROL AB We measure two-color quantum interference control of photocurrent injection in erbium-doped GaAs. The signal size is the same order of magnitude as from a low-temperature grown GaAs sample, and much larger than in a semi-insulating GaAs sample. Thus erbium-doped GaAs could be useful for fabrication of monolithic optical carrier-envelope phase detectors. We also describe a prism-based two-color interferometer useful for minimizing stray light in quantum interference control measurements. C1 [Snider, R. L.; Wahlstrand, J. K.; Zhang, H.; Cundiff, S. T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Snider, R. L.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zhang, H.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mirin, R. P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Cundiff, ST (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiffs@jila.colorado.edu RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 98 IS 2-3 BP 333 EP 336 DI 10.1007/s00340-009-3776-5 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 540CC UT WOS:000273307300016 ER PT J AU Levin, I Krayzman, V Woicik, JC Tkach, A Vilarinho, PM AF Levin, I. Krayzman, V. Woicik, J. C. Tkach, A. Vilarinho, P. M. TI X-ray absorption fine structure studies of Mn coordination in doped perovskite SrTiO3 SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE bond lengths; ceramics; crystal binding; doping; EXAFS; manganese; segregation; strontium compounds ID STRONTIUM-TITANATE CERAMICS; SPECTRA AB The coordination of Mn in doped SrTiO3 ceramics having nominal compositions SrTi0.98Mn0.02O3 and Sr0.98Mn0.02TiO3 was analyzed using x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements. As expected, Mn4+ substitution for Ti4+ leads to Mn occupancy of the octahedral B-sites of ABO(3) perovskite lattice with a Mn-O bond distance of 1.902 A degrees (compared to 1.953 A degrees for Ti-O) and no significant local distortions around the Mn atoms. In contrast, for the composition Sr0.98Mn0.02TiO3, Mn segregates to both the A-sites (as Mn2+) and the B-sites (predominantly as Mn4+). Extended XAFS confirms strong (approximate to 0.77 A degrees) displacements of Mn2+ cations off the ideal A-site positions along << 001 >> directions with a significant distortion of several coordination shells around the dopant atoms. C1 [Levin, I.; Krayzman, V.; Woicik, J. C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tkach, A.; Vilarinho, P. M.] Univ Aveiro, Dept Ceram & Glass Engn, CICECO, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal. RP Levin, I (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM igor.levin@nist.gov RI Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010; Tkach, Oleksandr/Q-9369-2016 OI Tkach, Oleksandr/0000-0002-0318-9262 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 18 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 65 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 96 IS 5 AR 052904 DI 10.1063/1.3298369 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 552UQ UT WOS:000274319500078 ER PT J AU Nguyen, NV Xu, M Kirillov, OA Ye, PD Wang, C Cheung, K Suehle, JS AF Nguyen, N. V. Xu, M. Kirillov, O. A. Ye, P. D. Wang, C. Cheung, K. Suehle, J. S. TI Band offsets of Al2O3/InxGa1-xAs (x=0.53 and 0.75) and the effects of postdeposition annealing SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE alumina; aluminium; annealing; band structure; ellipsometry; gallium arsenide; III-V semiconductors; indium compounds; MIS structures; photoelectron spectra ID LAYER-DEPOSITED AL2O3; MODE INGAAS MOSFET; SEMICONDUCTORS; PERFORMANCE; MOBILITY; CHANNEL AB Band offsets at the interfaces of InxGa1-xAs/Al2O3/Al where x=0.53 and 0.75 were determined by internal photoemission and spectroscopic ellipsometry. The photoemission energy threshold at the InxGa1-xAs/Al2O3 interface was found to be insensitive to the indium composition but shifted to a lower energy after a postdeposition annealing at high temperatures. Subthreshold electron photoemission was also observed for the annealed sample and was attributed to interfacial layer formation during the annealing process. C1 [Nguyen, N. V.; Kirillov, O. A.; Cheung, K.; Suehle, J. S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xu, M.; Ye, P. D.; Wang, C.] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Xu, M.; Ye, P. D.; Wang, C.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Wang, C.] Fudan Univ, Dept Microelect, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. RP Nguyen, NV (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nhan.nguyen@nist.gov FU NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs and Intel Corporation FX Three of the authors (N. V. N., C. K., and J. S. S.) gratefully acknowledge funding from the NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs and Intel Corporation. NR 22 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 96 IS 5 AR 052107 DI 10.1063/1.3306732 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 552UQ UT WOS:000274319500048 ER PT J AU Sloan, CA Anulacion, BF Bolton, JL Boyd, D Olson, OP Sol, SY Ylitalo, GM Johnson, LL AF Sloan, Catherine A. Anulacion, Bernadita F. Bolton, Jennie L. Boyd, Daryle Olson, O. Paul Sol, Sean Y. Ylitalo, Gina M. Johnson, Lyndal L. TI Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Outmigrant Juvenile Chinook Salmon from the Lower Columbia River and Estuary and Puget Sound, Washington SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; CARP CYPRINUS-CARPIO; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; DECABROMODIPHENYL ETHER; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; EMBRYONIC EXPOSURE; TEMPORAL TRENDS; COASTAL WATERS; DIETARY UPTAKE AB Previous studies have examined the presence, distribution, and concentrations of toxic contaminants in two major waterways in the Pacific Northwest: the lower Columbia River and Estuary (LCR&E) and Puget Sound, Washington. However, those studies have not reported on the levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in juvenile Chinook salmon (Onchorynchus tshawytscha). Populations of Chinook salmon from the LCR&E and Puget Sound are declining, and some stocks are currently listed as "threatened" under the Endangered Species Act. Bioaccumulation of contaminants, including PBDEs, by juvenile Chinook salmon in the LCR&E and Puget Sound is of concern due to the potential toxicity of the contaminants and associated sublethal effects in fish. In this article, we present the concentrations of PBDEs measured in gutted bodies and stomach contents of outmigrant juvenile Chinook salmon collected at six sites in the LCR&E and four sites in Puget Sound. For comparison, we also analyzed gutted bodies of juvenile Chinook salmon from eight hatcheries in the LCR&E as well as samples of the hatchery fish feeds. The mean aPBDE concentrations measured in bodies of juvenile Chinook salmon from the different sites ranged from 350 to 2800 ng/g lipid weight, whereas those in stomach contents ranged from less than the quantitation limit (< 2 ng/g wet weight) to 39 ng/g wet weight. The levels of PBDEs in the hatchery fish were significantly lower than those measured in the salmon samples collected from the LCR&E and Puget Sound. These results show that outmigrant juvenile Chinook salmon in the LCR&E and Puget Sound have been exposed to PBDEs in the environment and that these chemicals are bioaccumulating in their tissues; thus, the potential effects of PBDEs on these salmon should be further investigated. C1 [Sloan, Catherine A.; Anulacion, Bernadita F.; Bolton, Jennie L.; Boyd, Daryle; Olson, O. Paul; Sol, Sean Y.; Ylitalo, Gina M.; Johnson, Lyndal L.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Sloan, CA (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM catherine.a.sloan@noaa.gov FU Bonneville Power Administration; Lower Columbia River Estuary Partnership FX We thank Richard Boyer, Ron Pearce, Karen Tilbury, and Gladys Yanagida for assistance with the chemical analyses, Jon Buzitis, Dan Lomax, Bill Mowitt, Mark Myers, and Maryjean Willis for the fish collection, Jill Leary, Jennifer Morace, Greg Fuhrer, Deborah Marriot, and Scott McEwen for study design and project management for LCR&E sampling, and Cathy Laetz and David Baldwin for reviewing this manuscript. This work was supported by the Bonneville Power Administration and the Lower Columbia River Estuary Partnership. NR 69 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 58 IS 2 BP 403 EP 414 DI 10.1007/s00244-009-9391-y PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 552SP UT WOS:000274314100016 PM 19771462 ER PT J AU Rangwala, I Miller, JR AF Rangwala, Imtiaz Miller, James R. TI Twentieth Century Temperature Trends in Colorado's San Juan Mountains SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; HIGH-ELEVATION SITES; TIBETAN PLATEAU; CLIMATIC-CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; SURFACE; RADIATION; RUNOFF; MODEL AB We examine trends in surf ace air temperature for the San Juan Mountain region in southwestern Colorado from 1895 to 2005. Observations from both National Weather Service (NWS) and Snow Telemetry (SNOTEL) sites are analyzed. Results show a net warming of 1 degrees C between 1895 and 2005. Most of this warming occurred between 1990 and 2005, when the region experienced rapid and secular increases in temperature. Between 1950 and 1985, there was a cooling trend in the region during which there were significant decreases in the maximum temperature (T-max) and almost no trend in the minimum temperature (T-min). This cooling trend appears to be, in part, associated with increases in atmospheric aerosols. Between 1990 and 2005, the large increases in temperature anomalies are strongly correlated at the NWS and SNOTEL sites. Annual increases in T-max and T-min are similar between 1990 and 2005; however, they generally show greater increases during summer and winter, respectively. Spatially, there are similar increases in T-max and T-min except in the central mountain region, where the increases in T-min are larger and started earlier. C1 [Rangwala, Imtiaz] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, R PSD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Miller, James R.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Rangwala, I (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, R PSD, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM imtiaz.rangwala@noaa.gov FU Mountain Studies Institute; NJ Agricultural Experiment Station [32103]; High Plains Regional Climate Center (HPRCC); Western Regional Climate Center (WRCC); National Climatic Data Center (NCDC); National Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) FX We thank the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments, which have significantly improved our manuscript. We are grateful to Koren Nydick for her deep involvement and support for this work, to David Robinson for his advice and assistance, and to Nelun Fernando for Figure 1. Partial support for this work was obtained from the Mountain Studies Institute's mini-grant program and the NJ Agricultural Experiment Station grant #32103. We would like to acknowledge High Plains Regional Climate Center (HPRCC), Western Regional Climate Center (WRCC), National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), and National Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) for access to the climate data analyzed in this study. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 13 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 1523-0430 EI 1938-4246 J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 42 IS 1 BP 89 EP 97 DI 10.1657/1938-4246-42.1.89 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 568XW UT WOS:000275560500009 ER PT J AU Kim, HS Chung, YS Tans, PP AF Kim, H. S. Chung, Y. S. Tans, P. P. TI On the regional distributions of background carbon monoxide concentrations observed in East Asia during 1991-2008 SO ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Carbon monoxide; regional background level; large-scale air pollution; transport passage; satellite image ID EXPLORATORY MISSION-WEST; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; NORTHEAST ASIA; OZONE; EMISSIONS; JAPAN AB The carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations observed at Mt. Waliguan in China (WLG), Ulaan Uul in Mongolia (UUM), Tae-ahn Peninsula in Korea (TAP) and Ryori in Japan (RYO) were analysed between 1991 and 2008. The average annual concentration of CO, a toxic air pollutant, was the highest at TAP (235 +/- 44 ppb), followed by RYO (169 +/- 35 ppb), UUM (154 +/- 27 ppb) and WLG (138 +/- 24 ppb). These data obtained in East Asia were also compared with CO data from Mauna Loa, Hawaii. CO tends to be highest in spring and lowest in summer in East Asia, with the exception of WLG. TAP had the highest CO concentrations in all seasons compared with WLG, UUM and RYO, and displays a wide short-term variability in concentration. This is caused by large-scale air pollution owing to its downwind location, close to continental East Asia. CO concentrations observed at TAP were analysed as follows: according to the origin of the isentropic backward trajectory and its transport passage; as continental background airflows (CBG); regionally polluted continental airflows (RPC); oceanic background airflows (OBG); and partly perturbed oceanic airflows (PPO). The high concentrations of CO at TAP are because of the airflow originating from the East Asian continent, rather than the North Pacific. RPCs, which pass through eastern China, appear to have high CO concentrations in spring, autumn and winter. It is noteworthy that the overall trend at TAP does not show an increase despite the fact that energy use in China approximately doubled from 1991 to 2008. OBGs, however, are affected by North Pacific air masses with low CO concentrations in summer. C1 [Kim, H. S.; Chung, Y. S.] Korea Ctr Atmospher Environm Res, Cheongwon 363891, Choongbook, South Korea. [Tans, P. P.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kim, HS (reprint author), Korea Ctr Atmospher Environm Res, Cheongwon 363891, Choongbook, South Korea. EM envir007@chol.com NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU KOREAN METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA SHINKIL-DONG 508, SIWON BLDG 704, YONGDUNGPO-GU, SEOUL, 150-050, SOUTH KOREA SN 1976-7633 EI 1976-7951 J9 ASIA-PAC J ATMOS SCI JI Asia-Pac. J. Atmos. Sci. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 46 IS 1 BP 89 EP 95 DI 10.1007/s13143-010-0009-0 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 568PX UT WOS:000275535900009 ER PT J AU Djalalova, I Wilczak, J McKeen, S Grell, G Peckham, S Pagowski, M DelleMonache, L McQueen, J Tang, Y Lee, P McHenry, J Gong, W Bouchet, V Mathur, R AF Djalalova, I. Wilczak, J. McKeen, S. Grell, G. Peckham, S. Pagowski, M. DelleMonache, L. McQueen, J. Tang, Y. Lee, P. McHenry, J. Gong, W. Bouchet, V. Mathur, R. TI Ensemble and bias-correction techniques for air quality model forecasts of surface O-3 and PM2.5 during the TEXAQS-II experiment of 2006 SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Air quality; Ozone; Particulate matter; TEXAQS 2006; Ensemble forecast ID OZONE; SYSTEM; SIMULATIONS; PERFORMANCE; CHEMISTRY; AURAMS AB Several air quality forecasting ensembles were created from seven models, running in real-time during the 2006 Texas Air Quality (TEXAQS-II) experiment. These multi-model ensembles incorporated a diverse set of meteorological models, chemical mechanisms, and emission inventories. Evaluation of individual model and ensemble forecasts of surface ozone and particulate matter (PM) was performed using data from 119 EPA AIRNow ozone sites and 38 PM sites during a 50-day period in August and September of 2006. From the original set of models, two new bias-corrected model data sets were built, either by applying a simple running mean average to the past 7 days of data or by a Kalman-Filter approach. From the original and two bias-corrected data sets, three ensembles were created by a simple averaging of the seven models. For further improvements three additional weighted model ensembles were created, where individual model weights were calculated using the singular value decomposition method. All six of the ensembles are compared to the individual models and to each other in terms of root mean square error, correlation, and contingency and probabilistic statistics. In most cases, each of the ensembles show improved skill compared to the best of the individual models. The over all best ensemble technique was found to be the combination of Kalman-Filtering and weighted averaging. PM2.5 aerosol ensembles demonstrated significant improvement gains, mostly because the original model's skill was very low. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Djalalova, I.; McKeen, S.; Grell, G.; Peckham, S.; Pagowski, M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Djalalova, I.; Wilczak, J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [McKeen, S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Grell, G.; Peckham, S.; Pagowski, M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Syst Div, Boulder, CO USA. [DelleMonache, L.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [McQueen, J.; Tang, Y.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Lee, P.] NOAA, Air Resource Lab, Silver Spring, MD USA. [McHenry, J.] Baron Adv Meteorol Syst, Raleigh, NC USA. [Gong, W.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Downsview, ON, Canada. [Bouchet, V.] Environm Canada, Meteorol Serv Canada, Dorval, PQ, Canada. [Mathur, R.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Djalalova, I (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM Irina.V.Djalalova@noaa.gov RI pagowski, mariusz/H-4498-2013; McKeen, Stuart/H-9516-2013; grell, georg/B-6234-2015; Lee, Pius/D-5201-2016; Tang, Youhua/D-5205-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI pagowski, mariusz/0000-0002-7703-0529; grell, georg/0000-0001-5214-8742; Tang, Youhua/0000-0001-7089-7915; FU NOAA/NWS Office of Science and Technology; NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research/Weather and Air Quality Program FX This research is partially funded by Early Start Funding from the NOAA/NWS Office of Science and Technology, and the NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research/Weather and Air Quality Program. Credit for program support and management is given to Paula Davidson (NOAH/NWS/OST) and Jim Meagher (NOAA/ESRL/CSD). We also thank Dr. D.Kang and the anonymous reviewer for valuable comments on this paper. NR 30 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 44 IS 4 BP 455 EP 467 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.11.007 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 556TD UT WOS:000274614300002 ER PT J AU Wang, XY Liang, XZ Jiang, WM Tao, ZN Wang, JXL Liu, HN Han, ZW Liu, SY Zhang, YY Grell, GA Peckham, SE AF Wang, Xueyuan Liang, Xin-Zhong Jiang, Weimei Tao, Zhining Wang, Julian X. L. Liu, Hongnian Han, Zhiwei Liu, Shuyan Zhang, Yuyan Grell, Georg A. Peckham, Steven E. TI WRF-Chem simulation of East Asian air quality: Sensitivity to temporal and vertical emissions distributions SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE WRF-Chem; Emissions; Diurnal cycle; Vertical redistribution; Air quality modeling; East Asia ID OZONE CONCENTRATIONS; UNITED-STATES; INVENTORY; MODEL; CHEMISTRY; AEROSOL; PERIOD AB This study develops fine temporal (seasonal, day-of-week, diurnal) and vertical allocations of anthropogenic emissions for the TRACE-P inventory and evaluates their impacts on the East Asian air quality prediction using WRF-Chem simulations in July 2001 at 30-km grid spacing against available surface measurements from EANET and NEMCC. For NO2 and SO2, the diurnal and vertical redistributions of emissions play essential roles, while the day-of-week variation is less important. When all incorporated, WRF-Chem best simulates observations of surface NO2 and SO2 concentrations, while using the default emissions produces the worst result. The sensitivity is especially large over major cities and industrial areas, where surface NO2 and SO2 concentrations are reduced by respectively 3-7 and 6-12 ppbv when using the scaled emissions. The incorporation of all the three redistributions of emissions simulates surface O-3 concentrations higher by 4-8 ppbv at night and 2-4 ppbv in daytime over broad areas of northern, eastern and central China. To this sensitivity, the diurnal redistribution contributes more than the other two. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wang, Xueyuan; Liang, Xin-Zhong; Tao, Zhining; Liu, Shuyan] Univ Illinois, Div Illinois State Water Survey, Inst Nat Resource Sustainabil, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Wang, Xueyuan; Jiang, Weimei; Liu, Hongnian] Nanjing Univ, Sch Atmospher Sci, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. [Tao, Zhining] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wang, Julian X. L.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Han, Zhiwei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Yuyan] Nanjing Municipal Environm Monitoring Ctr Stn, Nanjing, Peoples R China. [Grell, Georg A.; Peckham, Steven E.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Syst Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Liang, XZ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Div Illinois State Water Survey, Inst Nat Resource Sustainabil, 2204 Griffith Dr, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM xliang@illinois.edu RI Tao, Zhining/E-1432-2012; Liu, Shuyan/M-8813-2014; grell, georg/B-6234-2015; Wang, Julian/C-3188-2016 OI Tao, Zhining/0000-0003-0608-712X; grell, georg/0000-0001-5214-8742; FU United States Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results (STAR) [EPA RD-83337301-0]; China Scholarship Council FX We thank David G. Streets and Qiang Zhang at Argonne National Laboratory for providing the TRACE-P inventory data and Yang Zhang at North Carolina State University for the NEMCC measurements. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on the manuscript. We acknowledge the Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia (EANET) for the observational data, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Forecast Systems Laboratory and the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign for the supercomputing support. The research was partially supported by the United States Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results (STAR) award EPA RD-83337301-0 and the China Scholarship Council. The views expressed are of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the sponsoring gencies or the Illinois State Water Survey. NR 28 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 44 IS 5 BP 660 EP 669 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.11.011 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 560VL UT WOS:000274931800007 ER PT J AU Stevens, E AF Stevens, Eric TI An investigation of the relationship between surface temperatures and the establishment of snowpack during October in Fairbanks, Alaska SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Little Alaska Weather Symposium CY MAY 12-13, 2008 CL Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK SP Alaska Reg NOAA, UAF Arct Reg Supercomp Ctr, UAF, Coll Nat Sci & Math, UAF, Geophys Inst, UAF, Int Arctic Res Ctr HO Univ Alaska Fairbanks DE Seasonal transition; Snowpack; Surface temperature; Fairbanks, Alaska ID AIR-TEMPERATURE; COVER AB Data suggest that the arrival of winter's permanent snowpack impacts daily high and low surface temperatures in Fairbanks, Alaska. Given temperatures at 850 hPa ranging from 0 degrees C to - 5 degrees C in October, high temperatures on days with snow on the ground are 4.9 degrees C colder than high temperatures on days with no snow on the ground. The difference for low temperatures is 7.3 degrees C. While the exact date the snowpack is established varies from year to year, standardizing this date in time as "S-Day" reveals that the drop in daily high and low temperatures through the period from 5 days before S-Day to 5 days after S-Day is from 5 to 7 degrees C greater than the gradual cooling associated with the change of seasons from fall to winter. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Weather Serv, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Stevens, E (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, Fairbanks, AK USA. EM eric.stevens@noaa.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 95 IS 2-3 BP 307 EP 313 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2009.04.009 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 564QE UT WOS:000275230000017 ER PT J AU Bourne, SM Bhatt, US Zhang, J Thoman, R AF Bourne, S. M. Bhatt, U. S. Zhang, J. Thoman, R. TI Surface-based temperature inversions in Alaska from a climate perspective SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Little Alaska Weather Symposium CY MAY 12-13, 2008 CL Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK SP Alaska Reg NOAA, UAF Arct Reg Supercomp Ctr, UAF, Coll Nat Sci & Math, UAF, Geophys Inst, UAF, Int Arctic Res Ctr HO Univ Alaska Fairbanks DE Surface-based temperature inversion; Alaska climate; Multi-decadal variability ID NORTH PACIFIC; PRECIPITATION; OSCILLATION; VARIABILITY; FAIRBANKS; SHIFTS AB Alaska surface-based temperature inversions were analyzed using radiosonde observations from Barrow, Fairbanks, McGrath, Anchorage, Kotzebue, Bethel and King Salmon, which represent different climate zones in Alaska. Inversion climatology, variability and links to the large-scale climate were investigated for the period of 1957-2008 when high quality radiosonde data are available. Inversion parameters, such as depth, temperature difference, and frequency, have a long-term decreasing trend, which is not simply linear but displays multi-decadal variations. Inversion depth decreased from 1957 to the late 1980s and has been increasing since. The multi-decadal signal has been detected at all stations but is particularly dominant for Interior stations. The relationship between Alaska inversion and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation changes over time and was found to be stronger before 1989 than in recent years. Alaska inversions also demonstrate strikingly similar interannual variability, suggesting an important role of large-scale circulation. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bourne, S. M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Dept Atmospher Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Bourne, S. M.; Bhatt, U. S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Coll Nat Sci & Math, Dept Atmospher Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Zhang, J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Arctic Reg Supercomp Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Thoman, R.] Fairbanks Forecast Off, Natl Weather Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Bourne, SM (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Dept Atmospher Sci, POB 757320, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM bournesm@gi.alaska.edu RI Bhatt, Uma/D-3674-2009 NR 32 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 95 IS 2-3 BP 353 EP 366 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2009.09.013 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 564QE UT WOS:000275230000020 ER PT J AU Tsuda, RT Fisher, JR Vroom, PS Abbott, IA AF Tsuda, Roy T. Fisher, Jack R. Vroom, Peter S. Abbott, Isabella A. TI New records of subtidal benthic marine algae from Wake Atoll, Central Pacific SO BOTANICA MARINA LA English DT Article DE central Pacific; coral reef; marine algae; Micronesia; Wake Atoll ID SP-NOV; RHODOPHYTA; ACCOUNT; OCEAN; POLYSIPHONIA; CERAMIACEAE; CHLOROPHYTA AB The marine flora of Wake Atoll is phytogeographically interesting because the atoll is a small (6.5 km(2)) isolated coral reef structure located in the central Pacific between the north-western Hawaiian Islands and the Marshall Islands. Eighty-one of the 103 species of subtidal marine benthic algae collected in October 2005 and April-May 2007 during two NOAA cruises to Wake Atoll represent new records for the atoll. Previously published collections include five species collected in December 1841 during the US Exploring Expedition, 35 additional species representing collections made in June 1998 by US Fish and Wildlife personnel, and incidental specimens collected by various biologists and deposited in the Herbarium Pacificum of the Bishop Museum, Honolulu. The 121 species of marine benthic algae now documented from Wake Atoll contain components from the Hawaiian Islands and Marshall Islands, but show a closer resemblance to those of the Hawaiian Archipelago. C1 [Tsuda, Roy T.; Fisher, Jack R.; Abbott, Isabella A.] Bernice P Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. [Vroom, Peter S.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Abbott, Isabella A.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Bot, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Tsuda, RT (reprint author), Bernice P Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice St, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. EM roy.tsuda@bishopmuseum.org FU NOAA's CRED [AB133F07CQ0051] FX The authors are grateful to Kimberly N. Page and Robert Tomasetti who collected the algal specimens in October 2005 and in April and May 2007, respectively, during the two NOAA cruises, and to Kerry L. Grimshaw, NOAA Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED) for producing the two figures. We appreciate the constructive comments by the referees. The first two authors acknowledge NOAA's CRED for financial support (AB133F07CQ0051) to sort, curate, and study the algal specimens. Contribution No. 2009-014 of the Pacific Biological Survey, Bishop Museum. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0006-8055 J9 BOT MAR JI Bot. Marina PD FEB PY 2010 VL 53 IS 1 BP 19 EP 29 DI 10.1515/BOT.2010.005 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 551FK UT WOS:000274192000003 ER PT J AU Hanna, SR Reen, B Hendrick, E Santos, L Stauffer, D Deng, A McQueen, J Tsidulko, M Janjic, Z Jovic, D Sykes, RI AF Hanna, Steven R. Reen, Brian Hendrick, Elizabeth Santos, Lynne Stauffer, David Deng, Aijun McQueen, Jeffrey Tsidulko, Marina Janjic, Zavisa Jovic, Dusan Sykes, R. Ian TI Comparison of Observed, MM5 and WRF-NMM Model-Simulated, and HPAC-Assumed Boundary-Layer Meteorological Variables for 3 Days During the IHOP Field Experiment SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dispersion models; Evaluation of models; International H2O project (IHOP); Mesoscale meteorological models; Surface fluxes of heat and momentum; Turbulent kinetic energy ID 4-DIMENSIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; AIR-QUALITY; MESOSCALE MODEL; COHERENCE TECHNIQUE; PROGRAM DESIGN; LAND-SURFACE; PART I; IHOP-2002; SYSTEM AB The objective of the study is to evaluate operational mesoscale meteorological model atmospheric boundary-layer (ABL) outputs for use in the Hazard Prediction Assessment Capability (HPAC)/Second-Order Closure Integrated Puff (SCIPUFF) transport and dispersion model. HPAC uses the meteorological models' routine simulations of surface buoyancy flux, winds, and mixing depth to derive the profiles of ABL turbulence. The Fifth-Generation Pennsylvania State University/National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5) and the Weather Research and Forecast-Nonhydrostatic Mesoscale Model (WRF-NMM) ABL outputs and the HPAC ABL parameterisations are compared with observations during the International H2O Project (IHOP). The meteorological models' configurations are not specially designed research versions for this study but rather are intended to be representative of what may be used operationally and thus have relatively coarse lowest vertical layer thicknesses of 59 and 36 m, respectively. The meteorological models' simulations of mixing depth are in good agreement (+/- 20%) with observations on most afternoons. Wind speed errors of 1 or 2 ms(-1) are found, typical of those found in other studies, with larger errors occurring when the simulated centre of a low-pressure system is misplaced in time or space. The hourly variation of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) is well-simulated during the daytime, although there is a meteorological model underprediction bias of about 20-40%. At night, WRF-NMM shows fair agreement with observations, and MM5 sometimes produces a very small default TKE value because of the stable boundary-layer parameterisation that is used. The HPAC TKE parameterisation is usually a factor of 5-10 high at night, primarily due to the fact that the meteorological model wind-speed output is at a height of 30 m for MM5 and 18 m for WRF-NMM, which is often well above the stable mixing depth. It is concluded that, before meteorological model TKE fields can be confidently used by HPAC, it would help to improve vertical resolution near the surface, say to 10 m or less, and it would be good to improve the ABL parameterisations for shallow stable conditions. C1 [Hanna, Steven R.] Hanna Consultants, Kennebunkport, ME 04046 USA. [Reen, Brian; Stauffer, David; Deng, Aijun] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hendrick, Elizabeth] Epsilon Associates, Maynard, MA USA. [Santos, Lynne] Air Qual Associates, N Billerica, MA USA. [McQueen, Jeffrey; Tsidulko, Marina; Janjic, Zavisa; Jovic, Dusan] NCEP, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Sykes, R. Ian] Sage Mgmt, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Hanna, SR (reprint author), Hanna Consultants, 7 Crescent Ave, Kennebunkport, ME 04046 USA. EM hannaconsult@roadrunner.com FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency FX This research has been sponsored by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, with CDR Stephanie Hamilton and Dr. John Hannan as the program managers. The authors appreciate the assistance provided by Ric Cederwall and Mark Fischer of LLNL and David Cook of ANL in acquiring the IHOP turbulence data and carrying out additional processing. The authors also thank Fei Chen and Kevin Manning for providing offline Noah output for initialization of MM5 LSM fields. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 EI 1573-1472 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 134 IS 2 BP 285 EP 306 DI 10.1007/s10546-009-9446-7 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 543OW UT WOS:000273589000006 ER PT J AU Darden, CB Nadler, DJ Carcione, BC Blakeslee, RJ Stano, GT Buechler, DE AF Darden, Christopher B. Nadler, David J. Carcione, Brian C. Blakeslee, Richard J. Stano, Geoffrey T. Buechler, Dennise E. TI Utilizing Total Lightning Information to Diagnose Convective Trends SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; REAL-TIME C1 [Darden, Christopher B.; Nadler, David J.; Carcione, Brian C.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Forecast Off, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Blakeslee, Richard J.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Stano, Geoffrey T.] NASA SPoRT ENSCO Inc, Huntsville, AL USA. [Buechler, Dennise E.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP Darden, CB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Forecast Off, 320A Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. EM Chris.Darden@noaa.gov NR 22 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 91 IS 2 BP 167 EP 175 DI 10.1175/2009BAMS2808.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 572XH UT WOS:000275869800002 ER PT J AU Giese, BS Compo, GP Slowey, NC Sardeshmukh, PD Carton, JA Ray, S Whitaker, JS AF Giese, Benjamin S. Compo, Gilbert P. Slowey, Niall C. Sardeshmukh, Prashant D. Carton, James A. Ray, Sulagna Whitaker, Jeffrey S. TI THE 1918/19 EL NINO SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; ENSEMBLE DATA ASSIMILATION; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; INTERDECADAL CHANGES; TROPICAL PACIFIC; VARIABILITY; REANALYSIS; EVOLUTION; CORAL C1 [Giese, Benjamin S.; Slowey, Niall C.; Ray, Sulagna] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Compo, Gilbert P.; Sardeshmukh, Prashant D.] Univ Colorado, CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Compo, Gilbert P.; Sardeshmukh, Prashant D.; Whitaker, Jeffrey S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Labs, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Carton, James A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Giese, BS (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM b-giese@tamu.edu RI carton, james/C-4807-2009; OI carton, james/0000-0003-0598-5198; COMPO, GILBERT/0000-0001-5199-9633 FU NOAA [NA06OAR4310146]; NSF [OCE-0351804]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We are grateful to NOAA (Grant NA06OAR4310146, BSG) and NSF (Grant OCE-0351804, BSG and JAC) for support for this study. Support for the Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project dataset is provided by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment program and by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. The authors are grateful to the work of N. Matsui of University of Colorado/CIRES and NOAA/ESRL/PSD for his dedicated help in producing the reanalysis dataset. NR 30 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 91 IS 2 BP 177 EP 183 DI 10.1175/2009BAMS2903.1 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 572XH UT WOS:000275869800003 ER PT J AU Swarthout, RF Keller, JM Peden-Adams, M Landry, AM Fair, PA Kucklick, JR AF Swarthout, Robert F. Keller, Jennifer M. Peden-Adams, Margie Landry, Andre M. Fair, Patricia A. Kucklick, John R. TI Organohalogen contaminants in blood of Kemp's ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) and green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) from the Gulf of Mexico SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE PBDE; Persistent organic pollutant; Reptile; Health effects; Clinical plasma chemistry; Aroclor 1268 ID IN-VITRO EXPOSURE; ORGANOCHLORINE CONTAMINANTS; FLAME RETARDANTS; CARETTA-CARETTA; MARINE DEBRIS; AROCLOR 1268; PLASMA; PESTICIDES; POLLUTANTS; IMMUNITY AB The threat that exposure to organohalogen (OH) contaminants poses to endangered populations of Kemp's ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) and green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) is not well understood, partly because few OH data are available. Blood samples from live juvenile and sub-adult L. kempii (n = 46) and C. mydas (n = 9) from the Gulf of Mexico and from L. kempii from the southeastern US coast (n = 3) were extracted using microwave-assisted extraction, and analyzed by large volume injection gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for 85 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 25 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and 27 polybrominated Biphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Plasma chemistries, hematology and immune responses were also assessed. Concentrations of Sigma PCBs (geometric mean, range: 3190 pg g(-1), 227-21 590 pg g(-1) blood), Sigma DDTs (geometric mean, range: 541 pg g(-1), 161-4310 pg g(-1) blood) and OCPs in L. kempii from the Gulf were comparable to those reported in L. kempii from the Atlantic. Sigma PBDEs were detected in all samples (geometric mean, range: 146 pg g(-1), 19.5-1450 pg g(-1) blood), with PBDE 47, 99, 100, 153 and 154 being the predominant congeners. Sigma PCBs, Sigma DDTs and Sigma chlordanes were one order of magnitude lower in green turtles, and Sigma PBDE concentrations were lower by half due to trophic level differences. L. kempii from the southeast USA had higher percentages of highly chlorinated PCBs indicating exposure to Aroclor 1268. Blood urea nitrogen was positively correlated to Sigma chlordanes, and Sigma PCBs were inversely correlated to creatine phosphokinase in L. kempii. These data help establish baseline contaminant concentrations in live L. kempii and C mydas. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Swarthout, Robert F.; Keller, Jennifer M.; Kucklick, John R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Swarthout, Robert F.] Coll Charleston, Environm Studies Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Peden-Adams, Margie; Fair, Patricia A.] Med Univ S Carolina, Marine Biomed & Environm Sci Ctr, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Landry, Andre M.] Texas A&M Univ, Sea Turtle & Fisheries Ecol Res Lab, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. [Fair, Patricia A.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, NOS, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Kucklick, JR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Hollings Marine Lab, 301 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM John.Kucklick@noaa.gov FU NOAH Marine Debris/Ulysses FX We would like to acknowledge David Costa, Leonard Kenyon, and Dr. Hui Chen-Stavros from Texas A&M University at Galveston for collecting the turtle samples from the Gulf of Mexico, and David Whitaker, AI Segars, Phil Maier, and Mike Arendt at the SCDNR for collecting the turtle samples from the Atlantic coast. We thank Dr. David Owens and Michelle Lee at the College of Charleston for providing the testosterone concentrations. This work was authorized by Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Permits S-18A-2001 and LNHP-01-006, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Permit SPR-0590-094, National Marine Fisheries Service Permit 1133, US Fish and Wildlife Service Permit TE 776123-1, and was funded by the NOAH Marine Debris/Ulysses Settlement Project. NR 40 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 5 U2 37 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD FEB PY 2010 VL 78 IS 6 BP 731 EP 741 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.10.059 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 561AA UT WOS:000274945900014 PM 20004460 ER PT J AU Dall'Amico, M Gray, LJ Rosenlof, KH Scaife, AA Shine, KP Stott, PA AF Dall'Amico, Mauro Gray, Lesley J. Rosenlof, Karen H. Scaife, Adam A. Shine, Keith P. Stott, Peter A. TI Stratospheric temperature trends: impact of ozone variability and the QBO SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE All-forcings simulations of recent climate assessed by the IPCC 2007 AR4; Observed zonal mean ozone distributions; QBO of stratospheric equatorial zonal wind; 11-year solar cycle; Volcanic eruptions of El Chichon and Mt. Pinatubo; Variability and trends of stratospheric temperatures ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; SOLAR MESOSPHERE EXPLORER; ENVIRONMENTAL-MODEL HADGEM1; HEMISPHERE CLIMATE-CHANGE; TROPICAL DEEP CONVECTION; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; ANNULAR MODES; DATA SET; PART II AB In most climate simulations used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2007 fourth assessment report, stratospheric processes are only poorly represented. For example, climatological or simple specifications of time-varying ozone concentrations are imposed and the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) of equatorial stratospheric zonal wind is absent. Here we investigate the impact of an improved stratospheric representation using two sets of perturbed simulations with the Hadley Centre coupled ocean atmosphere model HadGEM1 with natural and anthropogenic forcings for the 1979-2003 period. In the first set of simulations, the usual zonal mean ozone climatology with superimposed trends is replaced with a time series of observed zonal mean ozone distributions that includes interannual variability associated with the solar cycle, QBO and volcanic eruptions. In addition to this, the second set of perturbed simulations includes a scheme in which the stratospheric zonal wind in the tropics is relaxed to appropriate zonal mean values obtained from the ERA-40 re-analysis, thus forcing a QBO. Both of these changes are applied strictly to the stratosphere only. The improved ozone field results in an improved simulation of the stepwise temperature transitions observed in the lower stratosphere in the aftermath of the two major recent volcanic eruptions. The contribution of the solar cycle signal in the ozone field to this improved representation of the stepwise cooling is discussed. The improved ozone field and also the QBO result in an improved simulation of observed trends, both globally and at tropical latitudes. The Eulerian upwelling in the lower stratosphere in the equatorial region is enhanced by the improved ozone field and is affected by the QBO relaxation, yet neither induces a significant change in the upwelling trend. C1 [Dall'Amico, Mauro; Gray, Lesley J.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, NCAS Climate, Reading, Berks, England. [Rosenlof, Karen H.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Scaife, Adam A.; Stott, Peter A.] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. RP Dall'Amico, M (reprint author), Inst Phys Atmosphare, Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. EM Mauro.DallAmico@dlr.de RI Shine, Keith/D-9093-2012; Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Stott, Peter/N-1228-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Shine, Keith/0000-0003-2672-9978; Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270; Stott, Peter/0000-0003-4853-7686; NR 77 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 34 IS 2-3 BP 381 EP 398 DI 10.1007/s00382-009-0604-x PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 546JZ UT WOS:000273808400013 ER PT J AU Dall'Amico, M Stott, PA Scaife, AA Gray, LJ Rosenlof, KH Karpechko, AY AF Dall'Amico, Mauro Stott, Peter A. Scaife, Adam A. Gray, Lesley J. Rosenlof, Karen H. Karpechko, Alexey Yu. TI Impact of stratospheric variability on tropospheric climate change SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Simulations of recent climate with natural and anthropogenic forcings assessed by the IPCC 2007 AR4; Observed ozone distributions; Quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) of stratospheric equatorial zonal wind; Variability and trends at the tropopause and in the troposphere; Response to the volcanic eruptions of El Chichon and Mt. Pinatubo ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; 20TH-CENTURY TEMPERATURE-CHANGE; ENVIRONMENTAL-MODEL HADGEM1; TROPICAL DEEP CONVECTION; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; ARCTIC OSCILLATION AB An improved stratospheric representation has been included in simulations with the Hadley Centre HadGEM1 coupled ocean atmosphere model with natural and anthropogenic forcings for the period 1979-2003. An improved stratospheric ozone dataset is employed that includes natural variations in ozone as well as the usual anthropogenic trends. In addition, in a second set of simulations the quasi biennial oscillation (QBO) of stratospheric equatorial zonal wind is also imposed using a relaxation towards ERA-40 zonal wind values. The resulting impact on tropospheric variability and trends is described. We show that the modelled cooling rate at the tropopause is enhanced by the improved ozone dataset and this improvement is even more marked when the QBO is also included. The same applies to warming trends in the upper tropical troposphere which are slightly reduced. Our stratospheric improvements produce a significant increase of internal variability but no change in the positive trend of annual mean global mean near-surface temperature. Warming rates are increased significantly over a large portion of the Arctic Ocean. The improved stratospheric representation, especially the QBO relaxation, causes a substantial reduction in near-surface temperature and precipitation response to the El Chichn eruption, especially in the tropical region. The winter increase in the phase of the northern annular mode observed in the aftermath of the two major recent volcanic eruptions is partly captured, especially after the El Chichn eruption. The positive trend in the southern annular mode (SAM) is increased and becomes statistically significant which demonstrates that the observed increase in the SAM is largely subject to internal variability in the stratosphere. The possible inclusion in simulations for future assessments of full ozone chemistry and a gravity wave scheme to internally generate a QBO is discussed. C1 [Dall'Amico, Mauro] Inst Physik Atmosphare, Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Stott, Peter A.; Scaife, Adam A.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Rosenlof, Karen H.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Dall'Amico, Mauro; Gray, Lesley J.] Univ Reading, NCAS Climate, Reading, Berks, England. [Stott, Peter A.; Scaife, Adam A.] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Rosenlof, Karen H.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Karpechko, Alexey Yu.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Climat Res Unit, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. RP Dall'Amico, M (reprint author), Inst Atmospher Phys, Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. EM Mauro.DallAmico@dlr.de RI Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Stott, Peter/N-1228-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270; Stott, Peter/0000-0003-4853-7686; FU UK National Environment Research Council; Joint DECC, Defra and MoD Integrated Climate Programme-DECC/Defra [GA01101, CBC/2B/0417_AnnexC5] FX Funding was provided by the UK National Environment Research Council. Peter Stott and Adam Scaife were supported by the Joint DECC, Defra and MoD Integrated Climate Programme-DECC/Defra (GA01101), MoD (CBC/2B/0417_AnnexC5). We wish to thank Keith Shine, Terry Davies, Jason Lowe, Gareth Jones, Scott Osprey, Warwick Norton, Jonathan Gregory, Oliver Browne, Gareth Marshall, Michael Ponater, Robert Sausen and Veronika Eyring for their help in acquiring and processing data, their illuminating suggestions and their support. We also wish to thank all those people at the UK Met Office and various UK Universities who contributed throughout the years to the development of the Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model and ancillary datasets. NR 85 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 34 IS 2-3 BP 399 EP 417 DI 10.1007/s00382-009-0580-1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 546JZ UT WOS:000273808400014 ER PT J AU Chellappa, R Sinha, P Phillips, PJ AF Chellappa, Rama Sinha, Pawan Phillips, P. Jonathon TI FACE RECOGNITION BY COMPUTERS AND HUMANS SO COMPUTER LA English DT Article AB Research into face recognition offers research opportunities that will challenge scientists and engineers for years to come. Robust face-recognition systems, for example, can be used in projects related to homeland security, human-computer interaction, and many consumer applications. C1 [Chellappa, Rama] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sinha, Pawan] MIT, Dept Brain & Cognit Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Phillips, P. Jonathon] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chellappa, R (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM rama@cfar.umd.edu; psinha@mit.edu; jonathon@nist.gov NR 13 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9162 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD FEB PY 2010 VL 43 IS 2 BP 46 EP 55 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 559WK UT WOS:000274858800011 ER PT J AU Laikre, L Allendorf, FW Aroner, LC Baker, CS Gregovich, DP Hansen, MM Jackson, JA Kendall, KC McKelvey, K Neel, MC Olivieri, I Ryman, N Schwartz, MK Bull, RS Stetz, JB Tallmon, DA Taylor, BL Vojta, CD Waller, DM Waples, RS AF Laikre, Linda Allendorf, Fred W. Aroner, Laurel C. Baker, C. Scott Gregovich, David P. Hansen, Michael M. Jackson, Jennifer A. Kendall, Katherine C. McKelvey, Kevin Neel, Maile C. Olivieri, Isabelle Ryman, Nils Schwartz, Michael K. Bull, Ruth Short Stetz, Jeffrey B. Tallmon, David A. Taylor, Barbara L. Vojta, Christina D. Waller, Donald M. Waples, Robin S. TI Neglect of Genetic Diversity in Implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION; EXTINCTION; POPULATIONS; COMMUNITY; MUTATION C1 [Laikre, Linda; Ryman, Nils] Stockholm Univ, Dept Zool, Div Populat Genet, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Allendorf, Fred W.; Aroner, Laurel C.; Bull, Ruth Short] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Baker, C. Scott; Jackson, Jennifer A.] Oregon State Univ, Marine Mammal Inst, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Baker, C. Scott; Jackson, Jennifer A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Gregovich, David P.; Taylor, Barbara L.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. [Hansen, Michael M.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biol Sci, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [McKelvey, Kevin; Schwartz, Michael K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Neel, Maile C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Neel, Maile C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Olivieri, Isabelle] Univ Montpellier 2, Inst Sci Evolut, F-34095 Montpellier 05, France. [Tallmon, David A.] Univ Alaska SE, Biol & Marine Biol Program, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Vojta, Christina D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Waples, Robin S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Waller, Donald M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bot, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Laikre, L (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Zool, Div Populat Genet, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM linda.laikre@popgen.su.se RI Jackson, Jennifer/E-7997-2013; Hansen, Michael/I-5979-2013; Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014; Olivieri, Isabelle/E-5872-2016; Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 OI Hansen, Michael/0000-0001-5372-4828; Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367; FU National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NSF) [EF-0423641]; National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis; U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB-0553768]; University of California, Santa Barbara; State of California; Formas; BONUS Baltic Organisations' Network for Funding Science EEIG; U.S. Forest Service; University of Montana FX We thank J. Hellmann and two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments. This work was conducted as part of the Working Group on Genetic Monitoring: Development of Tools for Conservation and Management, jointly supported by the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NSF # EF-0423641) and the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a Center funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF # DEB-0553768), the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the State of California. L. L. acknowledges financial support from Formas and BONUS Baltic Organisations' Network for Funding Science EEIG. The work of L. C. A. on this project was supported by a Joint Research Venture between the U.S. Forest Service and the University of Montana. NR 22 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 9 U2 60 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 24 IS 1 BP 86 EP 88 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01425.x PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 544VF UT WOS:000273686700013 PM 20028412 ER PT J AU Chittaro, PM Kaplan, IC Keller, A Levin, PS AF Chittaro, P. M. Kaplan, I. C. Keller, A. Levin, P. S. TI Trade-Offs between Species Conservation and the Size of Marine Protected Areas SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biodiversity conservation; marine protected areas; species-area relationships ID REEF FISH ASSEMBLAGES; RESERVE DESIGN; CORAL-REEFS; DIVERSITY; BIODIVERSITY; SUSTAINABILITY; MANAGEMENT; ECOSYSTEM; IMPACTS; ISLANDS AB Moving from single-species- to ecosystem-based management requires an understanding of how community-level attributes such as diversity change with area. We used survey data from bottom trawls to examine spatial patterns of species richness in U. S. Pacific coastal fishes. Specifically, we generated and compared species-area relationships (SARs) for species classified into several groups on the basis of maximum body size, trophic level, diet, maximum depth, geographic affinity, and taxonomic order. Because SARs among groups were not parallel and z values varied significantly for several groups, groups of species were under- or overrepresented (depending on the size of the area) relative to their proportions in the entire community (i.e., entire U. S. Pacific coast). In this way, differences in SARs help demonstrate trade-offs between species representation and coastal area and suggest strategies (such as targeting the protection of habitats and locations where a particular species or groups of species are maximized) that may minimize the size of marine protected areas (MPAs) but protect diversity at the level of the community and functional group. C1 [Chittaro, P. M.; Kaplan, I. C.; Keller, A.; Levin, P. S.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Chittaro, PM (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM paul.chittaro@noaa.gov NR 52 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 24 IS 1 BP 197 EP 206 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01323.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 544VF UT WOS:000273686700025 PM 19758392 ER PT J AU Granek, EF Polasky, S Kappel, CV Reed, DJ Stoms, DM Koch, EW Kennedy, CJ Cramer, LA Hacker, SD Barbier, EB Aswani, S Ruckelshaus, M Perillo, GME Silliman, BR Muthiga, N Bael, D Wolanski, E AF Granek, Elise F. Polasky, Stephen Kappel, Carrie V. Reed, Denise J. Stoms, David M. Koch, Evamaria W. Kennedy, Chris J. Cramer, Lori A. Hacker, Sally D. Barbier, Edward B. Aswani, Shankar Ruckelshaus, Mary Perillo, Gerardo M. E. Silliman, Brian R. Muthiga, Nyawira Bael, David Wolanski, Eric TI Ecosystem Services as a Common Language for Coastal Ecosystem-Based Management SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coastal ecosystems; coastal management; communication; ecosystem-based management; ecosystem services ID FRANCISCO BAY ESTUARY; WAVE ATTENUATION; COMMUNITIES; GOVERNANCE; SEAGRASS; VALUES AB Ecosystem-based management is logistically and politically challenging because ecosystems are inherently complex and management decisions affect a multitude of groups. Coastal ecosystems, which lie at the interface between marine and terrestrial ecosystems and provide an array of ecosystem services to different groups, aptly illustrate these challenges. Successful ecosystem-based management of coastal ecosystems requires incorporating scientific information and the knowledge and views of interested parties into the decision-making process. Estimating the provision of ecosystem services under alternative management schemes offers a systematic way to incorporate biogeophysical and socioeconomic information and the views of individuals and groups in the policy and management process. Employing ecosystem services as a common language to improve the process of ecosystem-based management presents both benefits and difficulties. Benefits include a transparent method for assessing trade-offs associated with management alternatives, a common set of facts and common currency on which to base negotiations, and improved communication among groups with competing interests or differing worldviews. Yet challenges to this approach remain, including predicting how human interventions will affect ecosystems, how such changes will affect the provision of ecosystem services, and how changes in service provision will affect the welfare of different groups in society. In a case study from Puget Sound, Washington, we illustrate the potential of applying ecosystem services as a common language for ecosystem-based management. C1 [Granek, Elise F.] Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Polasky, Stephen] Univ Minnesota, Dept Appl Econ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Kappel, Carrie V.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Reed, Denise J.] Univ New Orleans, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [Stoms, David M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Koch, Evamaria W.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. [Kennedy, Chris J.; Barbier, Edward B.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Econ & Finance, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Cramer, Lori A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Sociol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hacker, Sally D.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Aswani, Shankar] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Anthropol & IGP Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Ruckelshaus, Mary] NOAA, Fisheries NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Perillo, Gerardo M. E.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Inst Argentino Oceanog, Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Perillo, Gerardo M. E.] Univ Nacl Sur, Dept Geol, RA-8000 Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Silliman, Brian R.] Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Muthiga, Nyawira] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Mombasa 80107, Kenya. [Bael, David] Univ Minnesota, Dept Appl Econ, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Wolanski, Eric] Australian Inst Marine Sci, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. [Wolanski, Eric] James Cook Univ, ACTFR, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. RP Granek, EF (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA. EM graneke@pdx.edu OI Kennedy, Chris/0000-0002-0360-9116; Kappel, Carrie/0000-0003-2507-8042 FU National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis; National Science Foundation [DEB-0553768]; University of California, Santa Barbara; State of California; David and Lucile Packard Foundation FX This work was conducted by the Measuring Ecological, Economic, and Social Values of Coastal Habitats to Inform Ecosystem-Based Management of Land-Sea Interfaces Working Group supported by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, funded by the National Science Foundation (grant DEB-0553768), the University of California, Santa Barbara, the State of California, and the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. We thank N. Baron, S. Lester, K. McLeod, and M. Wright for their constructive comments and R. Rice and B. Halpern for valuable advice in developing Fig. 1. NR 43 TC 68 Z9 71 U1 5 U2 101 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 24 IS 1 BP 207 EP 216 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01355.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 544VF UT WOS:000273686700026 PM 19906066 ER PT J AU Quinn, JB Quinn, GD AF Quinn, Janet B. Quinn, George D. TI A practical and systematic review of Weibull statistics for reporting strengths of dental materials SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Review DE Weibull; Review; Weibull standards; Flaw population; Extreme value distribution; Strength distribution; Characteristic strength; Strength comparison; Equivalent volume; Equivalent area; Alumina; Zirconia; Porcelain; Weibull modulus; Strength scaling; Maximum likelihood; Linear regression ID BRITTLE MATERIALS; CERAMICS; FRACTURE; ALUMINA; FLEXURE; FRACTOGRAPHY; FAILURE AB Objectives. To review the history, theory and current applications of Weibull analyses sufficient to make informed decisions regarding practical use of the analysis in dental material strength testing. Data. References are made to examples in the engineering and dental literature, but this paper also includes illustrative analyses of Weibull plots, fractographic interpretations, and Weibull distribution parameters obtained for a dense alumina, two feldspathic porcelains, and a zirconia. Sources. Informational sources include Weibull's original articles, later articles specific to applications and theoretical foundations of Weibull analysis, texts on statistics and fracture mechanics and the international standards literature. Study selection. The chosen Weibull analyses are used to illustrate technique, the importance of flaw size distributions, physical meaning of Weibull parameters and concepts of "equivalent volumes" to compare measured strengths obtained from different test configurations. Conclusions. Weibull analysis has a strong theoretical basis and can be of particular value in dental applications, primarily because of test specimen size limitations and the use of different test configurations. Also endemic to dental materials, however, is increased difficulty in satisfying application requirements, such as confirming fracture origin type and diligence in obtaining quality strength data. (C) 2009 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Quinn, Janet B.; Quinn, George D.] NIST, ADAF, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Quinn, GD (reprint author), NIST, ADAF, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Stop 854-6, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM george.quinn@nist.gov FU NIDCR NIH HHS [R01 DE017983, R01 DE017983-02] NR 55 TC 96 Z9 97 U1 5 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 26 IS 2 BP 135 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2009.09.006 PG 13 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA 552JS UT WOS:000274286700015 PM 19945745 ER PT J AU Head, JA Kennedy, SW AF Head, Jessica A. Kennedy, Sean W. TI Correlation between an in vitro and an in vivo measure of dioxin sensitivity in birds SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EROD; Egg injection; Avian; Dioxin-like compound; EC50; LD50 ID HALOGENATED AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTORS; COPLANAR POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; CYTOCHROME-P4501A MESSENGER-RNA; DIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; O-DEETHYLASE; HEPATOCYTE CULTURES; FACTORS TEFS; RELATIVE POTENCIES; CHICK-EMBRYOS AB We describe a statistically significant correlation between two well-characterized responses to dioxin-like compounds in birds; induction of 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity in cultured hepatocytes, and embryo mortality. Data were obtained from a review of the literature. EROD EC50 values for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and 6 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were strongly correlated with LD50 values in chicken embryos (r (2) = 0.93, P < 0.005). Similarly, EROD EC50 values for TCDD and a potent dioxin-like compound, PCB 126, were correlated with embryonic LD50 values in different species of birds (chicken, ring-necked pheasant, turkey, double-crested cormorant, and common tern) (r (2) = 0.92, P < 0.005). Our findings contribute to a developing understanding of the molecular basis for differential dioxin sensitivity in birds, and validate the EROD bioassay as a useful predictive tool for ecological risk assessment. C1 Univ Michigan & NOAAs Great Lakes Environm Res La, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosystem Res, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Head, Jessica A.] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Head, Jessica A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Kennedy, Sean W.] Environm Canada, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. [Kennedy, Sean W.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Biol, Ctr Adv Res Environm Genom, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Head, JA (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM jesshead@umich.edu FU Environment Canada's Wildlife Toxicology and Disease program FX This work was funded in part by Environment Canada's Wildlife Toxicology and Disease program. NR 30 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 EI 1573-3017 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD FEB PY 2010 VL 19 IS 2 BP 377 EP 382 DI 10.1007/s10646-009-0421-3 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 548PP UT WOS:000273979000014 PM 19784771 ER PT J AU Fullerton, AH Jensen, D Steel, EA Miller, D McElhany, P AF Fullerton, A. H. Jensen, D. Steel, E. A. Miller, D. McElhany, P. TI How Certain Are Salmon Recovery Forecasts? A Watershed-scale Sensitivity Analysis SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING & ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Uncertainty; Decision; Watershed restoration; Conservation; Land management ID PACIFIC SALMON; UNCERTAINTY; OREGON; RISK; POPULATIONS; PERFORMANCE; WASHINGTON; WOOD AB Complex relationships between landscape and aquatic habitat conditions and salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) populations make science-based management decisions both difficult and essential. Due to a paucity of empirical data, models characterizing these relationships are often used to forecast future conditions. We evaluated uncertainties in a suite of models that predict possible future habitat conditions and fish responses in the Lewis River Basin, Washington, USA. We evaluated sensitivities of predictions to uncertainty in model parameters. Results were sensitive to 60% of model parameters but substantially so (|partial regression coefficients| > 0.5) to < 10%. We also estimated accuracy of several predictions using field surveys. Observations mostly fell within predicted ranges for riparian shade and fine-sediment deposition, but large woody debris estimates matched only half the time. We provide suggestions to modelers for improving model accountability, and describe how managers can incorporate prediction uncertainty into decision-making, thereby improving the odds of successful salmon habitat recovery. C1 [Fullerton, A. H.; Jensen, D.; Steel, E. A.; McElhany, P.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Miller, D.] Earth Syst Inst, Seattle, WA 98107 USA. RP Fullerton, AH (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Aimee.Fullerton@noaa.gov FU NOAA Fisheries Service; Northwest Fisheries Science Center FX We thank A. Booy, B. Burke, J. Burke, K. Campbell, Y. Caras, J. Scheurer, and M. Sheer for field assistance with stream surveys. We thank B. Burke, C. Harvey, and A. Mullan for comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. Funding was provided by NOAA Fisheries Service, and by an internal grant from the Northwest Fisheries Science Center to AHF. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1420-2026 J9 ENVIRON MODEL ASSESS JI Environ. Model. Assess. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 15 IS 1 BP 13 EP 26 DI 10.1007/s10666-008-9185-z PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 544TV UT WOS:000273683100002 ER PT J AU Balthis, WL Hyland, JL Fulton, MH Pennington, PL Cooksey, C Key, PB DeLorenzo, ME Wirth, EF AF Balthis, W. L. Hyland, J. L. Fulton, M. H. Pennington, P. L. Cooksey, C. Key, P. B. DeLorenzo, M. E. Wirth, E. F. TI Effects of chemically spiked sediments on estuarine benthic communities: a controlled mesocosm study SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Benthic mesocosm; Macroinfauna; Chemically spiked sediment; Sediment quality guidelines; Effects range median ID QUALITY GUIDELINES; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; SOUTHEASTERN US; SOUTH-CAROLINA; TOXICITY; MIXTURES; CONTAMINATION; PHENANTHRENE; STRESS; RANGES AB Ambient sediments were collected from a reference site in the North Edisto River, SC and transferred to a laboratory facility to investigate effects of chemical contaminants on estuarine infaunal communities under controlled mesocosm conditions. Sediment contaminant slurries were prepared using dried sediments collected from the reference site and spiked with a metal (copper), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pyrene), and a pesticide (4,4(')-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) to yield nominal mean effects range-median (ERM) quotients of < 0.01 (no addition), 0.1, and 1.0 and applied to control, low dose (TRT A), and high dose (TRT B) treatment groups, respectively. Sediment samples for contaminant and benthic analyses were collected at the start of the experiment, 1 month after dosing, and 3 months after dosing. Near-nominal mean ERM quotients of 0.001, 0.075, and 0.818 were measured initially after dosing and remained fairly constant throughout the experiment. Measures of benthic condition, diversity, and richness were significantly reduced in both treatment groups relative to the control 1 month after dosing and persisted in TRT B at 3 months. The results demonstrate that benthic community effects can be observed at mean ERM quotients that are about an order of magnitude lower than levels that have been shown to be associated with significant toxicity in acute laboratory bioassays with single species (e.g., amphipods) in other studies. C1 [Balthis, W. L.; Hyland, J. L.; Fulton, M. H.; Pennington, P. L.; Cooksey, C.; Key, P. B.; DeLorenzo, M. E.; Wirth, E. F.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29407 USA. RP Balthis, WL (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29407 USA. EM Len.Balthis@noaa.gov NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 161 IS 1-4 BP 191 EP 203 DI 10.1007/s10661-008-0737-0 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 541FI UT WOS:000273399900015 PM 19184628 ER PT J AU Thupaki, P Phanikumar, MS Beletsky, D Schwab, DJ Nevers, MB Whitman, RL AF Thupaki, Pramod Phanikumar, Mantha S. Beletsky, Dmitry Schwab, David J. Nevers, Meredith B. Whitman, Richard L. TI Budget Analysis of Escherichia coli at a Southern Lake Michigan Beach SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FECAL INDICATOR BACTERIA; SURF ZONE; INACTIVATION; TRANSPORT; WATERS; ENTEROCOCCI; COASTAL AB Escherichia coli(EC) concentrations at two beaches impacted by river plume dynamics in southern Lake Michigan were analyzed using three-dimensional hydrodynamic and transport models. The relative importance of various physical and biological processes influencing the fate and transport of EC were examined via budget analysis and a first-order sensitivity analysis of model parameters. The along-shore advective flux of EC(CFU/m(2).s) was found to be higher compared to its cross-shore counterpart; however, the sum of diffusive and advective components was of a comparable magnitude in both directions showing the importance of cross-shore exchange in EC transport. Examination of individual terms in the EC mass balance equation showed that vertical turbulent mixing in the water column dominated the overall EC transport for the summer conditions simulated. Dilution due to advection and diffusion accounted for a large portion of the total EC budget in the nearshore, and the net EC loss rate within the water column (CFU/m(3).s) was an order of magnitude smaller compared to the horizontal and vertical transport rates. This result has important implications for modeling EC at recreational beaches; however, the assessment of the magnitude of EC loss rate is complicated due to the strong coupling between vertical exchange and depth-dependent EC loss processes such as sunlight inactivation and settling. Sensitivity analysis indicated that solar inactivation has the greatest impact on EC loss rates. Although these results are site-specific, they clearly bring out the relative importance of various processes involved. C1 [Thupaki, Pramod; Phanikumar, Mantha S.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Beletsky, Dmitry] Univ Michigan, CILER, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Schwab, David J.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Nevers, Meredith B.; Whitman, Richard L.] US Geol Survey, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN USA. RP Phanikumar, MS (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM phani@msu.edu RI Schwab, David/B-7498-2012; Thupaki, Pramod/C-6716-2013; OI Nevers, Meredith/0000-0001-6963-6734; Beletsky, Dmitry/0000-0003-4532-0588 FU NOAA Center of Excellence for Great Lakes and Human Health FX This research was funded by the NOAA Center of Excellence for Great Lakes and Human Health. Computer time on the Cluster computer at the MSU High Performance Computing Center (HPCC) is gratefully acknowledged. This article is Contribution 1562 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 20 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 3 BP 1010 EP 1016 DI 10.1021/es902232a PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 548HD UT WOS:000273950100027 PM 20043679 ER PT J AU Liermann, MC Sharma, R Parken, CK AF Liermann, M. C. Sharma, R. Parken, C. K. TI Using accessible watershed size to predict management parameters for Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, populations with little or no spawner-recruit data: a Bayesian hierarchical modelling approach SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE capacity; fish-habitat model; hierarchical model; life history; maximum sustainable yield; population dynamics ID MAXIMUM REPRODUCTIVE RATE; SMOLT ABUNDANCE; STOCK; FISHERIES; FISH AB P>Escapement goals for Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), populations tend to be highly uncertain due to variability in, and in some cases complete absence of, spawner-recruit data. A previous study of 25 populations from Oregon to Alaska demonstrated that watershed size is a good predictor of unfished equilibrium population size. Here this relationship is further developed by evaluating a series of Bayesian hierarchical models of increasing complexity. The model that performed best included a temporal random walk to account for patterns in the spawner-recruit residuals and life history-specific distributions for the productivity parameter. C1 [Liermann, M. C.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Sharma, R.] Columbia River Intertribal Fish Commiss, Portland, OR USA. [Parken, C. K.] Fisheries & Oceans, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC, Canada. RP Liermann, MC (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Martin.liermann@noaa.gov NR 35 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0969-997X J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 17 IS 1 BP 40 EP 51 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2400.2009.00719.x PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 541XY UT WOS:000273456000006 ER PT J AU Dunn, DC Stewart, K Bjorkland, RH Haughton, M Singh-Renton, S Lewison, R Thorne, L Halpin, PN AF Dunn, D. C. Stewart, K. Bjorkland, R. H. Haughton, M. Singh-Renton, S. Lewison, R. Thorne, L. Halpin, P. N. TI A regional analysis of coastal and domestic fishing effort in the wider Caribbean SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Artisanal; Coastal; Caribbean; Fishing effort; Small-scale fisheries; Spatial analysis ID SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES; GILLNET FISHERIES; BYCATCH; POPULATION; ECOSYSTEMS; GOVERNANCE; MANAGEMENT; DATABASE; HABITAT; CARICOM AB Although regulated fishing effort is relatively well documented for fisheries in developed states, developing countries are dominated by artisanal fisheries that are characterized by large numbers of small boats, fishing in dispersed and remote locations. These factors make quantifying artisanal fishing effort difficult. In this study, we examined the distribution and density of fishing effort across a region dominated by coastal, artisanal fisheries: the wider Caribbean. We used generalized linear regression models to predict missing data needed to compute fishing effort metrics and to explain variance in average boat length of a fishery and the number of small-scale boats in a given country. Clear intra-regional differences between mainland and island fisheries, and between northern and southern Caribbean fisheries, are evident in the results. To map artisanal fisheries based on the minimal data available, we created a free, automated Fishing Effort Envelope Tool (FEET). Through the use of this tool, we mapped all fisheries in the Caribbean to the extent possible given current data. Further, this mapping process also allowed us to identify hotspots of high density coastal fishing and data gaps that may mask areas of even higher fishing pressure. The potential ecological consequences of the scale of artisanal fishing are profound, and have greater implications for developing regions worldwide. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dunn, D. C.; Halpin, P. N.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Nicholas Sch Environm, Marine Geospatial Ecol Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Dunn, D. C.; Stewart, K.; Bjorkland, R. H.; Lewison, R.; Thorne, L.; Halpin, P. N.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Project GloBAL, Duke Ctr Marine Conservat,Nicholas Sch Environm, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Stewart, K.] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Haughton, M.; Singh-Renton, S.] Caribbean Reg Fisheries Mechanism Secretariat, Kingstown, St Vincent. [Lewison, R.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Dunn, DC (reprint author), Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Nicholas Sch Environm, Marine Geospatial Ecol Lab, 135 Marine Lab Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM danielcdunn@gmail.com OI Dunn, Daniel/0000-0001-8932-0681 FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation FX The authors would like to acknowledge the help of J. Gumb, K. Rawlins, C. Durrell, P. Ramotar, C. Isaac, A. Murray, J. Masters, J. Jeffers, P. Hubert-Medar, R. Ryan, K. Lockhart, Y. Babb-Echteld, D. Chacon-Chaverri, C. Quesada, L. Louis Jean, C. Cayol. Without the input and review of the fishing effort dataset by these and other local experts, this study would not have been possible. We are also indebted to the work of L. Lester, N. Saladin, C. Gille, J. Acebes, E. Flores and N. Rossi for their help in gathering the data, and J. Moore for his statistical support. The Caribbean Regional Fisheries Mechanism (CRFM) played a critical role in fostering communication with national fisheries experts, and we thank them sincerely for their help. We would also like to acknowledge the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation for their generous support of Project GloBAL, the grant under which this work was performed. This manuscript was greatly improved through constructive reviews by members of the Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab at Duke University, especially E. Labrecque, B. Best, C. Good and J. Roberts. As always the authors are indebted to their family and friends, particularly J. Dunn and J. Smith. NR 42 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 102 IS 1-2 BP 60 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2009.10.010 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 552WA UT WOS:000274323200007 ER PT J AU A'mar, ZT Punt, AE Dorn, MW AF A'mar, Z. Teresa Punt, Andre E. Dorn, Martin W. TI Incorporating ecosystem forcing through predation into a management strategy evaluation for the Gulf of Alaska walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) fishery SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Fisheries management; Management strategy evaluation; Predation; Walleye pollock; Gulf of Alaska ID SEA AB An emerging goal of national and international fisheries management organizations is the development of an ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management. The mechanisms determining changes in an ecosystem and their impacts on marine populations are not well established for most species, but the expectations of managers are that these impacts should be accounted for when selecting management strategies. Predation is an important component of ecosystem dynamics, and predator-prey functional responses can be used to represent predation in multi-species population dynamics models. The predators of walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogramma, in the Gulf of Alaska include arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias), Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus), and Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis). Management strategy evaluation is used to examine the impact of changes over time in natural mortality-at-age related to trends in predator abundance on the performance of the current management strategy for the fishery for walleye pollock in the Gulf of Alaska. The current management strategy is evaluated under nine scenarios which capture uncertainty regarding the predator-prey functional relationship and the level of future fishing mortality on the predators. The current management strategy, which ignores the possibility of changes over time in natural mortality, kept the spawning biomass high relative to the target level and had a low risk of fishing mortality exceeding the overfishing limit, due to low catches relative to the total biomass. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [A'mar, Z. Teresa; Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Dorn, Martin W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP A'mar, ZT (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM zta@myuw.net; aepunt@u.washington.edu; Martin.Dorn@noaa.gov OI Punt, Andre/0000-0001-8489-2488 NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 102 IS 1-2 BP 98 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2009.10.014 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 552WA UT WOS:000274323200011 ER PT J AU Stewart, IJ Keller, AA Fruh, EL Simon, VH Horness, BH AF Stewart, Ian J. Keller, Aimee A. Fruh, Erica L. Simon, Victor H. Horness, Beth H. TI Throwing in the towel: When do adverse conditions dictate a weather day during a bottom trawl survey? SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Catch-per-unit-effort; Sea-state; Biomass index; Research survey; Waves ID CAPTURE EFFICIENCY; BRIDLE EFFICIENCY; PERFORMANCE; FLATFISH; CONTACT; LENGTH; SPEED; SEA AB Fishermen and field biologists routinely work under difficult conditions. It is natural in this setting to continue fishing during bad weather as long as safety is not compromised. However, as conditions deteriorate, the effectiveness of trawl survey gear may be reduced well before safety considerations force the cessation of sampling activity. Through comparison of 1754 hauls conducted on chartered vessels between 2003 and 2005 on the shelf and slope of the U.S. West Coast, we show a significant reduction in catch rates of bottom dwelling fish and invertebrates as a function of visually estimated wave height. Comparing randomly located trawl sets that occurred fortuitously close to one another, we conclude that to reduce the estimated effect of wave height on benthic species catch rates (and potentially relative biomass estimates) survey trawl activities on these vessels should be halted when wave heights reach six feet (1.83 m). Only 41 hauls from the 2003-2005 data were conducted when wave heights exceeded five feet (1.52 m), however their exclusion reduces the maximum expected bias in any single tow due to wave height by similar to 31%. Further reductions in maximum wave height for routine sampling would begin to exclude geographic areas of the survey introducing a new bias to the randomized design. We further encourage the routine electronic measurement of vertical motion due to wave action during sampling so that future analyses can improve our understanding of its effect on trawl survey catch rates. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Stewart, Ian J.; Keller, Aimee A.; Simon, Victor H.; Horness, Beth H.] NOAA Fisheries, NWFSC, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Fruh, Erica L.] NOAA Fisheries, NWFSC Newport Res Stn, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Stewart, IJ (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NWFSC, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Ian.Stewart@noaa.gov NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 102 IS 1-2 BP 130 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2009.11.001 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 552WA UT WOS:000274323200014 ER PT J AU Hollinger, DY Ollinger, SV Richardson, AD Meyers, TP Dail, DB Martin, ME Scott, NA Arkebauer, TJ Baldocchi, DD Clark, KL Curtis, PS Davis, KJ Desai, AR Dragoni, D Goulden, ML Gu, L Katul, GG Pallardy, SG Paw, KT Schmid, HP Stoy, PC Suyker, AE Verma, SB AF Hollinger, D. Y. Ollinger, S. V. Richardson, A. D. Meyers, T. P. Dail, D. B. Martin, M. E. Scott, N. A. Arkebauer, T. J. Baldocchi, D. D. Clark, K. L. Curtis, P. S. Davis, K. J. Desai, A. R. Dragoni, D. Goulden, M. L. Gu, L. Katul, G. G. Pallardy, S. G. Paw U, K. T. Schmid, H. P. Stoy, P. C. Suyker, A. E. Verma, S. B. TI Albedo estimates for land surface models and support for a new paradigm based on foliage nitrogen concentration SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE albedo; nitrogen; vegetation ID CANOPY REFLECTANCE; BIOSPHERE MODEL; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PHOTOSYNTHETIC RATE; DECIDUOUS FOREST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ENERGY FLUXES; BOREAL FOREST; UNITED-STATES; LEAF NITROGEN AB Vegetation albedo is a critical component of the Earth's climate system, yet efforts to evaluate and improve albedo parameterizations in climate models have lagged relative to other aspects of model development. Here, we calculated growing season albedos for deciduous and evergreen forests, crops, and grasslands based on over 40 site-years of data from the AmeriFlux network and compared them with estimates presently used in the land surface formulations of a variety of climate models. Generally, the albedo estimates used in land surface models agreed well with this data compilation. However, a variety of models using fixed seasonal estimates of albedo overestimated the growing season albedo of northerly evergreen trees. In contrast, climate models that rely on a common two-stream albedo submodel provided accurate predictions of boreal needle-leaf evergreen albedo but overestimated grassland albedos. Inverse analysis showed that parameters of the two-stream model were highly correlated. Consistent with recent observations based on remotely sensed albedo, the AmeriFlux dataset demonstrated a tight linear relationship between canopy albedo and foliage nitrogen concentration (for forest vegetation: albedo=0.01+0.071%N, r2=0.91; forests, grassland, and maize: albedo=0.02+0.067%N, r2=0.80). However, this relationship saturated at the higher nitrogen concentrations displayed by soybean foliage. We developed similar relationships between a foliar parameter used in the two-stream albedo model and foliage nitrogen concentration. These nitrogen-based relationships can serve as the basis for a new approach to land surface albedo modeling that simplifies albedo estimation while providing a link to other important ecosystem processes. C1 [Hollinger, D. Y.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Ollinger, S. V.; Richardson, A. D.; Martin, M. E.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Earth Oceans & Space, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Meyers, T. P.] ATDD, ARL, NOAA, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Dail, D. B.] Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME USA. [Scott, N. A.] Queens Univ, Dept Geog, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. [Arkebauer, T. J.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE USA. [Baldocchi, D. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Clark, K. L.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Silas Little, NJ USA. [Curtis, P. S.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Davis, K. J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Desai, A. R.] Univ Wisconsin, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Dept, Madison, WI USA. [Dragoni, D.] Indiana Univ, Dept Geog, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Goulden, M. L.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. [Gu, L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Katul, G. G.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC USA. [Pallardy, S. G.] Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Columbia, MO USA. [Paw U, K. T.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Schmid, H. P.] IFU, FZK IMK, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Stoy, P. C.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH9 3JN, Midlothian, Scotland. [Suyker, A. E.; Verma, S. B.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Hollinger, DY (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM dhollinger@fs.fed.us RI Stoy, Paul/D-3709-2011; Katul, Gabriel/A-7210-2008; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; Desai, Ankur/A-5899-2008; Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009; Ollinger, Scott/N-3380-2014; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016; Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Goulden, Michael/B-9934-2008; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Schmid, Hans Peter/I-1224-2012; Gu, Lianhong/H-8241-2014 OI Stoy, Paul/0000-0002-6053-6232; Katul, Gabriel/0000-0001-9768-3693; Desai, Ankur/0000-0002-5226-6041; Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919; Ollinger, Scott/0000-0001-6226-1431; Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; Schmid, Hans Peter/0000-0001-9076-4466; Gu, Lianhong/0000-0001-5756-8738 FU Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy, Interagency Agreement [DE-AI02-07ER64355]; NASA's Carbon Cycle Science Program; Interdisciplinary Science Program; USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station FX We thank the Northeast Wilderness Trust and GMO, LLC for providing access to the research site in Howland, Maine. This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy, Interagency Agreement No. DE-AI02-07ER64355, and NASA's Carbon Cycle Science Program and Interdisciplinary Science Program with contributions from the Harvard Forest and Hubbard Brook Long-Term Ecological Research programs and the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station. NR 75 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 4 U2 74 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 16 IS 2 BP 696 EP 710 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02028.x PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 554EX UT WOS:000274419400017 ER PT J AU Richlen, ML Morton, SL Jamali, EA Rajan, A Anderson, DM AF Richlen, Mindy L. Morton, Steve L. Jamali, Ebrahim A. Rajan, Anbiah Anderson, Donald M. TI The catastrophic 2008-2009 red tide in the Arabian gulf region, with observations on the identification and phylogeny of the fish-killing dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Arabian Gulf; Cochlodinium polykrikoides; Dinoflagellate; Fish kill; HAB; Harmful algal bloom; Red tide ID FIRST RECORD; LONG-ISLAND; BLOOMS; DINOPHYCEAE; SEA; GYMNODINIALES; COAST; DNA; SUBSTITUTION; EXTRACTION AB Harmful algal blooms (HABs) caused by the marine ichthyotoxic dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides Margalef are responsible for mass mortalities of wild and farmed fish worldwide, with catastrophic impacts to aquaculture and local economies. Here we report on the Cochlodinium species responsible for a severe and widespread HAB in the Arabian Gulf and Gulf of Oman that has lasted for more than eight months at this writing, killing thousands of tons of fish and limiting traditional fishery operations, damaging coral reefs, impacting coastal tourism, and forcing the closure of desalination plants in the region. To identify the causative organism, cultures were established from cells isolated along the Arabian Gulf shore of the United Arab Emirates. Taxonomic analyses using scanning and light microscopy, and partial analysis of the large subunit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene confirmed the C polykrikoides classification. rRNA gene sequences of C polykrikoides isolates from the Arabian Gulf were identical to isolates from the northeastern USA, Puerto Rico, Mexico, and Malaysia, known as the "American/Malaysian" ribotype. To our knowledge, this is the first HAB event associated with C polykrikoides in the Arabian Gulf or the Gulf of Oman. The sudden emergence of C. polykrikoides in these Gulfs coincides with an apparent global expansion of this taxon, as well as a recent increase in HAB impacts observed in this region. The mechanisms underlying this expansion require further investigation, and may include increased nutrient enrichment of coastal waters in the Arabian Gulf and Gulf of Oman from domestic and industrial inputs, natural meteorological and oceanographic forcings, and the recent introduction of this species through ballast water discharge. A pattern of subsequent recurrence of C. polykrikoides blooms following an initial outbreak has been observed in other parts of the world, suggesting that this species may become a persistent HAB problem in this region. As Arabian Gulf countries rely on desalination plants as the primary source of freshwater, the disruption of plant operations by recurring Cochlodinium blooms poses a serious threat to the drinking water supply in the region, and represents an unprecedented HAB impact. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Richlen, Mindy L.; Anderson, Donald M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Morton, Steve L.] NOAA, NOS Marine Biotoxin Program, Charleston, SC 29415 USA. [Jamali, Ebrahim A.] Minist Environm & Water, Marine Resources Res Ctr, Umm Al Quwain, U Arab Emirates. [Rajan, Anbiah] Environm Agcy Abu Dhabi, Biodivers Management Marine Sector, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. RP Richlen, ML (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM mrichlen@whoi.edu FU Ministry of Environment and Water (UAE); U.S. National Science Foundation [OCE-0402707, OCE-9808173, OCE-0430724]; NIEHS [P50ES012742-0]; NOAA [NA06NOS4780245] FX The authors thank David Kulis for establishing and maintaining the cultures used in this study, Judy Kleindinst for her assistance with the figures, and two anonymous reviewers for their critical review of the manuscript. We are grateful to the Ministry of Environment and Water (UAE) for financial and logistic support for this study. Also we extend our appreciation to Marine Resources Research Centre staff for their collaboration and support during this study. Funding was provided by U.S. National Science Foundation grants OCE-0402707, OCE-9808173, and OCE-0430724 and NIEHS grant P50ES012742-0 through the Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health. Research support also provided through NOAA Grant NA06NOS4780245.[SS] NR 64 TC 93 Z9 100 U1 7 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD FEB PY 2010 VL 9 IS 2 BP 163 EP 172 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2009.08.013 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 549ZB UT WOS:000274093500005 ER PT J AU Sholom, S Desrosiers, M Chumak, V Luckyanov, N Simon, SL Bouville, A AF Sholom, S. Desrosiers, M. Chumak, V. Luckyanov, N. Simon, S. L. Bouville, A. TI UV EFFECTS IN TOOTH ENAMEL AND THEIR POSSIBLE APPLICATION IN EPR DOSIMETRY WITH FRONT TEETH SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE biological indicators; dosimetry; dose assessment; ultraviolet radiation ID PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SPECTRA; LIGHT; RECONSTRUCTION AB The effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on ionizing radiation biodosimetry were studied in human tooth enamel samples using the technique of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) in X-band. For samples in the form of grains, UV-specific EPR spectra were spectrally distinct from those produced by exposure to gamma radiation. From larger enamel samples, the UV penetration depth was determined to be in the 60-120 mu m range. The difference in EPR spectra from UV exposure and from exposure to gamma radiation samples was found to be a useful marker of UV equivalent dose (defined as the apparent contribution to the gamma dose in mGy that results from UV radiation absorption) in tooth enamel. This concept was preliminarily tested on front teeth from inhabitants of the region of the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site (Kazakhstan) who might have received some exposure to gamma radiation from the nuclear tests conducted there as well as from normal UV radiation in sunlight. The technique developed here to quantify and subtract the UV contribution to the measured tooth is currently limited to cumulative dose measurements with a component of UV equivalent dose equal to or greater than 300 mGy. Health Phys. 98(2):360-368; 2010 C1 [Sholom, S.; Chumak, V.] Res Ctr Radiat Med, Lab External Exposure Dosimetry, UA-04050 Kiev, Ukraine. [Desrosiers, M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ionizing Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Luckyanov, N.; Simon, S. L.; Bouville, A.] NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Sholom, S (reprint author), Res Ctr Radiat Med, Lab External Exposure Dosimetry, Melnikova Str 53, UA-04050 Kiev, Ukraine. EM sergey_sholom@yahoo.com RI Chumak, Vadim/N-6960-2015 OI Chumak, Vadim/0000-0001-6045-9356 FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) [Y2-Al-5077, Y3-CO-5117] FX This work was supported by the Intra-Agency agreement between the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and the National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIAID agreement #Y2-Al-5077 and NCI agreement #Y3-CO-5117. Authors would like to thank to James Puhl, Joannie Chin, Eric Byrd, Chris White, Jason Garver, and John Hettenhouser from NIST for their kind assistance with gamma and UV irradiation of samples. NR 13 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 98 IS 2 BP 360 EP 368 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000348002.69740.bd PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 542RH UT WOS:000273512200037 PM 20065706 ER PT J AU Williams, DF Remley, KA Gering, JM Lyons, GS Lineberry, C Aivazian, GS AF Williams, Dylan F. Remley, Kate A. Gering, Joseph M. Lyons, Gregory S. Lineberry, Corey Aivazian, Grant S. TI Comparison of Large-Signal-Network-Analyzer Calibrations SO IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Calibration; comparison; large-signal network analysis; scattering parameters AB We develop a procedure and metrics for comparing large-signal-network-analyzer calibrations. The metrics we develop provide a bound on differences between measurements obtained from large-signal-network-analyzer calibrations, as well as specific information on how the power, phase, and scattering-parameter portions of the calibrations differ. C1 [Williams, Dylan F.; Remley, Kate A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Gering, Joseph M.; Lyons, Gregory S.; Lineberry, Corey] RF Micro Devices, Greensboro, NC 27409 USA. [Aivazian, Grant S.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Williams, DF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM dylan@boulder.nist.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1531-1309 J9 IEEE MICROW WIREL CO JI IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 20 IS 2 BP 118 EP 120 DI 10.1109/LMWC.2009.2038618 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 553VP UT WOS:000274395200020 ER PT J AU Jimenez-Martinez, R Griffith, WC Wang, YJ Knappe, S Kitching, J Smith, K Prouty, MD AF Jimenez-Martinez, Ricardo Griffith, W. Clark Wang, Ying-Ju Knappe, Svenja Kitching, John Smith, Ken Prouty, Mark D. TI Sensitivity Comparison of Mx and Frequency-Modulated Bell-Bloom Cs Magnetometers in a Microfabricated Cell SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE Chip-scale atomic magnetometer; frequency-modulated (FM) light; microfabricated vapor cell; optically pumped atomic magnetometer; vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) ID LASER PHASE NOISE; ATOMIC MAGNETOMETER; VAPOR CELLS; AMPLITUDE NOISE; OPTICAL SENSOR; TEMPERATURE; CONVERSION; OPERATION; FIELD AB We compare the sensitivity performance of two optically pumped atomic magnetometers based on the Mx and frequency-modulated Bell-Bloom configurations. The Cs magnetometers are implemented using a millimeter-scale microfabricated vapor cell. It is found that the Bell-Bloom magnetometer yields sensitivities similar to those of the Mx magnetometer when operated under equally optimized conditions. The Bell-Bloom approach offers several attractive features over the Mx approach for chip-scale magnetometer instrumentation. C1 [Jimenez-Martinez, Ricardo] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Griffith, W. Clark; Knappe, Svenja; Kitching, John] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wang, Ying-Ju] Cymer Inc, San Diego, CA 92127 USA. [Smith, Ken; Prouty, Mark D.] Geometrics Inc, San Jose, CA 95131 USA. RP Jimenez-Martinez, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jimenezm@colorado.edu FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program FX This work was supported by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program. The work of R. Jimenez-Martinez was supported by the Roberto Rocca Education Program. The Associate Editor coordinating the review process for this paper was Dr. Juha Kostamovaara. NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 18 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 59 IS 2 BP 372 EP 378 DI 10.1109/TIM.2009.2023829 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 543HT UT WOS:000273565700014 ER PT J AU Provenzano, V Shull, RD Waterstrat, RM Bennett, LH Della Torre, E Seyoum, H AF Provenzano, V. Shull, R. D. Waterstrat, R. M. Bennett, L. H. Della Torre, E. Seyoum, H. TI Magnetic Properties of Zr9Ni11 Intermetallic Compound SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Soft Magnetic Materials CY SEP 06-09, 2009 CL Turin, ITALY SP INRIM, Italian Inst Res Metrol, Politecn Torino, Univ Studi Torino DE Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions; spin glass; ZFC and FC plots ID WEAK FERROMAGNETISM AB We report on a very interesting magnetic behavior in the intermetallic compound Zr9Ni11, namely, (i) spin-glass behavior and (ii) fluctuations in the magnetization versus temperature curves. The magnetic properties are consistent with structural results obtained by neutron diffraction and by scanning and transmission electron microscopies. The fluctuations are believed to arise from the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions occurring in the Zr9Ni11 compound. Between 7.86 kA/m and 31.85 kA/m, the temperature (T-p) of the zero-field cooled (M-ZFC) peak shifted to lower temperatures with increasing field. T-p is found to be proportional to H-b, where is the applied field and the exponent b < 1. The value of is found to be 0.68, which is close to the de Almeida-Thouless 2/3 power law that applies to spin glasses. Published neutron diffraction data showed that a Zr9Ni11 compound possessed Zr9Pt11-type tetragonal structure with columnar atomic chains parallel to the c axis and consisting of alternating Zr and Ni atoms. Small fluctuations present in the M-FC versus plot at 31.85 kA/m are believed to be the result of atomic displacements along these chains over short distances. Another interesting featured observed in the Zr9Ni11 compound is the fact that at 3.98 kA/m the M-ZFC values reside mostly above the corresponding M-FC values. C1 [Bennett, L. H.; Della Torre, E.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Provenzano, V.; Shull, R. D.; Waterstrat, R. M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Seyoum, H.] Univ Dist Columbia, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Della Torre, E (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM edt@gwu.edu RI Shull, Robert/F-5971-2013 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 46 IS 2 BP 502 EP 504 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2009.2033351 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 545VP UT WOS:000273765400086 ER PT J AU Remley, KA Williams, DF Schreurs, D Myslinski, M AF Remley, Kate A. Williams, Dylan F. Schreurs, Dominique Myslinski, Maciej TI Measurement Bandwidth Extension Using Multisine Signals: Propagation of Error SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE Broadband wireless communications; digitally modulated signal; large-signal network analyzer (LSNA); multisine signal; phase alignment; phase detrending; relative phase; sampling oscilloscope; vector signal analyzer (VSA) ID NETWORK ANALYZER; DISTORTION; PHASE AB We describe a post-processing technique that extends the effective measurement bandwidth of narrowband vector receivers by phase aligning overlapping measurements. We study the repeatability of the method and the propagation of errors as increasing numbers of bands are stitched together. The method can be used to find phase errors both in the excitation band of frequencies, as well as in distortion products, for periodic multisine signals. C1 [Remley, Kate A.; Williams, Dylan F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Schreurs, Dominique; Myslinski, Maciej] Katholieke Univ Leuven, ESAT Telem, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium. RP Remley, KA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM remley@boulder.nist.gov; dylan@boulder.nist.gov; Do-minique.Schreurs@esat.kuleuven.be; maciej.myslinski@esat.kuleuven.be NR 28 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 58 IS 2 BP 458 EP 467 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2009.2038655 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 553TY UT WOS:000274390900024 ER PT J AU Wu, N Gharavi, H AF Wu, Nan Gharavi, Hamid TI Asynchronous Cooperative MIMO Systems Using a Linear Dispersion Structure SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Asynchronous wireless networks; cooperative diversity; linear dispersion codes; multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO); space-time block codes ID WIRELESS RELAY NETWORKS; SPACE; TIME; DIVERSITY; CODES; CHANNELS; SCHEME AB In this treatise, we propose a novel family of asynchronous cooperative linear dispersion codes (ACLDCs), which is capable of maintaining full diversity in cooperative scenarios, even in the presence of asynchronous reception. The linear dispersion structure is employed to accommodate the dynamic topology of cooperative networks, as well as to achieve higher throughput than conventional space-time codes based on orthogonal designs. By introducing guard intervals and block encoding/decoding techniques, the interference signals caused by asynchronous reception can be exploited rather than discarded. C1 [Wu, Nan; Gharavi, Hamid] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wu, N (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nan.wu@nist.gov; gharavi@nist.gov NR 25 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9545 J9 IEEE T VEH TECHNOL JI IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 59 IS 2 BP 779 EP 787 DI 10.1109/TVT.2009.2036434 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Telecommunications; Transportation GA 558HI UT WOS:000274731300023 ER PT J AU Enfield, DB Cid-Serrano, L AF Enfield, David B. Cid-Serrano, Luis TI Secular and multidecadal warmings in the North Atlantic and their relationships with major hurricane activity SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Atlantic multidecadal oscillation; Atlantic hurricane activity; anthropogenic global warming ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WESTERN-HEMISPHERE; SUMMER RAINFALL; OSCILLATION; VARIABILITY; INTENSITY; PACIFIC AB Analysis of recent literature finds weaknesses in arguments to the effect that the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) - roughly 50-90 year fluctuations in North Atlantic sea surface temperatures - is externally forced by anthropogenic aerosols and greenhouse gases rather than an internal climate mode, Plus indications from other sources that the contrary may be true. We are led to the conclusion that the AMO is probably comprised of both natural and anthropogenic forcing in ways that preclude a physically based separation of the two, using the limited historical data sets. A straightforward quadratic fitting of trend to temperature data accounts for some of the 20th Century nonlinearity in Secular warming and separates the secular and multidecadal components of variability without inherent assumptions about the nature of the multidecadal fluctuations. Doing this shows that the 20th Century secular ocean warming in the North Atlantic is about equal to the peak-to-peak amplitude of the multidecadal fluctuations. However, over the last quarter-century (1975-2000) the most recent multidecadal warming has been almost three times the secular sea surface temperature (SST) increase over the main development region (MDR) for major Atlantic hurricanes. In the last quarter-century the multidecadal increase in late Summer Atlantic warm pool (AWP) size (area of SSTs in excess of 28 degrees C) has been 36%, and the secular increase, 14%. Projections to the year 2025 show that the cumulative change in summer warm pool size since 1975 will depend critically on whether a subsequent cooling in the multidecadal cycle Occurs, comparable to the warming between 1975 and 2000 AD. This places a high premium on understanding to what extent the AMO is a man-made or a natural phenomenon. Copyright (C) 2009 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Enfield, David B.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Cid-Serrano, Luis] Univ Concepcion, Dept Estadist, Concepcion, Chile. RP Enfield, DB (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM David.Enfield@noaa.gov RI Enfield, David/I-2112-2013 OI Enfield, David/0000-0001-8107-5079 NR 54 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 EI 1097-0088 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 30 IS 2 BP 174 EP 184 DI 10.1002/joc.1881 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 556OZ UT WOS:000274601900002 ER PT J AU Nanninga, N White, C Mills, O Lukowski, J AF Nanninga, N. White, C. Mills, O. Lukowski, J. TI Effect of specimen orientation and extrusion welds on the fatigue life of an AA6063 alloy SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article DE Seam weld; Extrusion; AA6063; Fatigue; Auger AB The effect of specimen orientation and extrusion seam welds on the fatigue life of specimens milled from a hollow AA6063 aluminum alloy extrusion profile have been characterized in the form of S-N curves. The fatigue behavior of the fully recrystallized AA6063 alloy reported here is compared to previously reported results on a partially recrystallized AA6082 extruded aluminum alloy [Nanninga N. White C, Furu T, Anderson O, Dickson R. Effect of orientation and extrusion welds on the fatigue life of an Al-Mg-Si-Mn alloy. Int J Fatigue 2008; 30(9): 1569-78]. Specimen orientation with respect to the extrusion direction has a large effect on fatigue life, and is attributed to the orientation of extrusion die lines. Transverse specimens exhibit only a fraction of the high cycle fatigue life exhibited by longitudinal specimens. The presence of seam and/or charge welds, oriented both longitudinal and transverse to the loading direction, may also reduce the fatigue life. However, the effects of these welds are not as significant as the effects of orientation alone, and appear to be related to increased surface roughness at the welds. Variations in fatigue life are explained by surface roughness and variations in microstructure. Grain boundary separation was the primary mechanism of fatigue crack initiation in this study. Results from Auger energy spectroscopy and transmission electron microscope analyses suggest that localized strain in precipitate free zones may assist in this behavior. (C) Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Nanninga, N.; White, C.; Mills, O.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Nanninga, N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lukowski, J.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP White, C (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 512 M&M Bldg, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM cwhite@mtu.edu RI White, Calvin/F-7981-2011 OI White, Calvin/0000-0003-1299-4375 FU Hydro Aluminum ASA FX The authors greatly acknowledge the financial support of Hydro Aluminum ASA. Specifically, the authors thank Trond Furu, Helen WeyKamp and Richard Dickson of Hydro Aluminum for their thoughtful discussions and insights. Assistance in TEM analysis from Dr. Stephen Hackney at Michigan Tech is also greatly appreciated. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD FEB PY 2010 VL 32 IS 2 BP 238 EP 246 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2009.06.004 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 526NB UT WOS:000272295900002 ER PT J AU Oguchi, H Tan, Z Heilweil, EJ Bendersky, LA AF Oguchi, H. Tan, Z. Heilweil, E. J. Bendersky, L. A. TI In-situ infrared imaging methodology for measuring heterogeneous growth process of a hydride phase SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen storage; Heterogeneous growth; In-situ infrared imaging; Thickness gradient thin film ID HYDROGEN-STORAGE ALLOYS; MAGNESIUM HYDRIDE; THIN-FILMS; MG; COMPOSITE; KINETICS; DEHYDROGENATION; CATALYSTS; BEHAVIOR; SURFACE AB In the paper we report on a new methodology, which allows measuring in-situ heterogeneous growth rates of hydride phase in films during metal-hydride phase transformation. This optical method is based on infrared imaging of a wedge-shaped thin film during hydrogen loading. In the paper the method is demonstrated for MG(98.4)Ti(1.6) wedge-shaped thin film and main conclusions are supported by results of transmission electron microscopy. The methodology combined with the structural characterizations verified fast formation of MgH(2) layer on top followed by drastically slower growth of the MgH(2) phase. The initial averaged growth rate of the MgH(2) phase was estimated as similar to 1.3 nm/s, and as similar to 0.03 nm/s subsequently. (C) 2009 Professor T. Nejat Veziroglu. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Oguchi, H.] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. [Oguchi, H.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Oguchi, H.] Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. [Tan, Z.; Bendersky, L. A.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Heilweil, E. J.] NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Oguchi, H (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. EM h.oguchi@imr.tohoku.ac.jp RI Mahalingam, Arjun/G-8586-2011; Oguchi, Hiroyuki/R-5305-2016 NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD FEB PY 2010 VL 35 IS 3 BP 1296 EP 1299 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.11.037 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 560ZI UT WOS:000274944000047 ER PT J AU Jiang, L Taylor, JM Sorensen, AS Lukin, MD AF Jiang, Liang Taylor, Jacob M. Sorensen, Anders S. Lukin, Mikhail D. TI SCALABLE QUANTUM NETWORKS BASED ON FEW-QUBIT REGISTERS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM INFORMATION LA English DT Article DE QND measurement; entanglement purification; finite-state Markov chain ID NUCLEAR-SPIN QUBITS; COUPLED ELECTRON; SINGLE-PHOTON; TRAPPED ATOM; ENTANGLEMENT; COMPUTATION; COMMUNICATION; DIAMOND; IONS; GATE AB We describe and analyze a hybrid approach to scalable quantum computation based on an optically connected network of few-qubit quantum registers. We show that probabilistically connected five-qubit quantum registers suffice for deterministic, fault-tolerant quantum computation even when state preparation, measurement, and entanglement generation all have substantial errors. We discuss requirements for achieving fault-tolerant operation for two specific implementations of our approach. C1 [Jiang, Liang] CALTECH, Ctr Phys Informat, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Jiang, Liang] CALTECH, Inst Quantum Informat, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Taylor, Jacob M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sorensen, Anders S.] Quantop, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. [Sorensen, Anders S.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. [Lukin, Mikhail D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Jiang, L (reprint author), CALTECH, Ctr Phys Informat, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM ljiang@caltech.edu; jacob.taylor@nist.gov; anders.sorensen@nbi.dk; lukin@fas.harvard.edu RI Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011; Sorensen, Anders/L-1868-2013; Jiang, Liang/A-9847-2008 OI Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594; Sorensen, Anders/0000-0003-1337-9163; Jiang, Liang/0000-0002-0000-9342 FU NSF; DTO; ARO-MURI; Packard Foundations; Danish Natural Science Research Council FX We would like to thank Paola Cappellaro, Lily Childress, M. V. Gurudev Dutt, Phillip Hemmer, Jungsang Kim, and Charles Marcus for helpful discussions. This work is supported by NSF, DTO, ARO-MURI, the Packard Foundations, Pappalardo Fellowship, and the Danish Natural Science Research Council. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0219-7499 EI 1793-6918 J9 INT J QUANTUM INF JI Int. J. Quantum Inf. PD FEB-MAR PY 2010 VL 8 IS 1-2 BP 93 EP 104 DI 10.1142/S0219749910006058 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 603FR UT WOS:000278194600003 ER PT J AU Olmschenk, S Hayes, D Matsukevich, DN Maunz, P Moehring, DL Monroe, C AF Olmschenk, S. Hayes, D. Matsukevich, D. N. Maunz, P. Moehring, D. L. Monroe, C. TI QUANTUM LOGIC BETWEEN DISTANT TRAPPED IONS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM INFORMATION LA English DT Article DE Trapped ions; photons; heralded gate; quantum teleportation ID SINGLE-PHOTON SOURCE; PODOLSKY-ROSEN CHANNELS; ATOMIC IONS; CLOCK TRANSITION; ENTANGLED STATES; PAUL TRAP; YB-II; TELEPORTATION; QUBITS; INTERFERENCE AB Trapped atomic ions have proven to be one of the most promising candidates for the realization of quantum computation due to their long trapping times, excellent coherence properties, and exquisite control of the internal atomic states. Integrating ions (quantum memory) with photons (distance link) offers a unique path to large-scale quantum computation and long-distance quantum communication. In this article, we present a detailed review of the experimental implementation of a heralded photon-mediated quantum gate between remote ions, and the employment of this gate to perform a teleportation protocol between two ions separated by a distance of about one meter. C1 [Olmschenk, S.; Hayes, D.; Matsukevich, D. N.; Maunz, P.; Monroe, C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Olmschenk, S.; Hayes, D.; Matsukevich, D. N.; Maunz, P.; Monroe, C.] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Moehring, D. L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Olmschenk, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM steven.olmschenk@gmail.com RI Matsukevich, Dzmitry/C-9134-2009; Olmschenk, Steven/D-4960-2011; Monroe, Christopher/G-8105-2011 OI Olmschenk, Steven/0000-0003-0105-7714; FU IARPA; NSF; NSF Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute FX We would like to thank Luming Duan and Kelly Younge for their valuable contributions. This work is supported by IARPA under ARO contract, the NSF PIF Program, and the NSF Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute. NR 133 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 15 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0219-7499 J9 INT J QUANTUM INF JI Int. J. Quantum Inf. PD FEB-MAR PY 2010 VL 8 IS 1-2 BP 337 EP 394 DI 10.1142/S0219749910006381 PG 58 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 603FR UT WOS:000278194600014 ER PT J AU Harvey, AH AF Harvey, Allan H. TI Estimation of the Enhancement Factor for Mercury in Air SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Air; Calibration; Enhancement factor; Mercury; Nonideality; Second virial coefficient; Vapor concentration ID 2ND VIRIAL-COEFFICIENT; VAPOR; WATER; DENSITY; VALUES; DIMER AB A combination of classical thermodynamics and molecular theory was used to calculate the enhancement factor (ratio of vapor-phase partial pressure to saturated vapor pressure) for liquid mercury in equilibrium with air at standard atmospheric pressure at temperatures from 0 A degrees C to 40 A degrees C. The enhancement factors range from 1.0025 at 0 A degrees C to 1.0016 at 40 A degrees C. This enhancement is too small in magnitude, and in the wrong direction, to explain a difference that has been noted between equilibrium vapor concentrations implied by the vapor pressure of pure mercury and those assumed in some calibration procedures. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Harvey, AH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM aharvey@boulder.nist.gov NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 31 IS 2 BP 297 EP 307 DI 10.1007/s10765-010-0724-x PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 586AK UT WOS:000276872900004 ER PT J AU Taichenachev, AV Yudin, VI Oates, CW Barber, ZW Lemke, ND Ludlow, AD Sterr, U Lisdat, C Riehle, F AF Taichenachev, A. V. Yudin, V. I. Oates, C. W. Barber, Z. W. Lemke, N. D. Ludlow, A. D. Sterr, U. Lisdat, Ch. Riehle, F. TI Compensation of field-induced frequency shifts in Ramsey spectroscopy of optical clock transitions SO JETP LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LATTICE CLOCK; ATOMS AB We have extended Ramsey spectroscopy by stepping the probe frequency during the two Ramsey excitation pulses to compensate frequency shifts induced by the excitation itself. This makes precision Ramsey spectroscopy applicable even for transitions that have Stark and Zeeman shifts comparable to the spectroscopic resolution. The method enables a new way to evaluate and compensate key frequency shifts, which benefits in particular, optical clocks based on magnetic field-induced, spectroscopy, two-photon transitions, or heavily forbidden transitions. C1 [Taichenachev, A. V.; Yudin, V. I.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Laser Phys, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. [Taichenachev, A. V.; Yudin, V. I.] Novosibirsk State Univ, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. [Taichenachev, A. V.; Yudin, V. I.] Novosibirsk State Tech Univ, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia. [Oates, C. W.; Barber, Z. W.; Lemke, N. D.; Ludlow, A. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sterr, U.; Lisdat, Ch.; Riehle, F.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. RP Taichenachev, AV (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Laser Phys, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. EM viyudin@mail.ru; oates@boulder.nist.gov; Uwe.Sterr@ptb.de RI Lemke, Nathan/L-9059-2013; Taichenachev, Aleksei/K-7065-2015 OI Lemke, Nathan/0000-0003-4165-0715; Taichenachev, Aleksei/0000-0003-2273-0066 NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0021-3640 J9 JETP LETT+ JI Jetp Lett. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 90 IS 11 BP 713 EP 717 DI 10.1134/S0021364009230052 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 563CO UT WOS:000275104100005 ER PT J AU Thomas, L Buckland, ST Rexstad, EA Laake, JL Strindberg, S Hedley, SL Bishop, JRB Marques, TA Burnham, KP AF Thomas, Len Buckland, Stephen T. Rexstad, Eric A. Laake, Jeff L. Strindberg, Samantha Hedley, Sharon L. Bishop, Jon R. B. Marques, Tiago A. Burnham, Kenneth P. TI Distance software: design and analysis of distance sampling surveys for estimating population size SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE distance sampling; line transect sampling; point transect sampling; population abundance; population density; sighting surveys; survey design; wildlife surveys ID LINE-TRANSECT SURVEYS AB 1. Distance sampling is a widely used technique for estimating the size or density of biological populations. Many distance sampling designs and most analyses use the software Distance. 2. We briefly review distance sampling and its assumptions, outline the history, structure and capabilities of Distance, and provide hints on its use. 3. Good survey design is a crucial prerequisite for obtaining reliable results. Distance has a survey design engine, with a built-in geographic information system, that allows properties of different proposed designs to be examined via simulation, and survey plans to be generated. 4. A first step in analysis of distance sampling data is modelling the probability of detection. Distance contains three increasingly sophisticated analysis engines for this: conventional distance sampling, which models detection probability as a function of distance from the transect and assumes all objects at zero distance are detected; multiple-covariate distance sampling, which allows covariates in addition to distance; and mark-recapture distance sampling, which relaxes the assumption of certain detection at zero distance. 5. All three engines allow estimation of density or abundance, stratified if required, with associated measures of precision calculated either analytically or via the bootstrap. 6. Advanced analysis topics covered include the use of multipliers to allow analysis of indirect surveys (such as dung or nest surveys), the density surface modelling analysis engine for spatial and habitat modelling, and information about accessing the analysis engines directly from other software. 7.Synthesis and applications. Distance sampling is a key method for producing abundance and density estimates in challenging field conditions. The theory underlying the methods continues to expand to cope with realistic estimation situations. In step with theoretical developments, state-of-the-art software that implements these methods is described that makes the methods accessible to practising ecologists. C1 [Thomas, Len; Rexstad, Eric A.; Bishop, Jon R. B.; Marques, Tiago A.] Univ St Andrews, Ctr Res Ecol & Environm Modelling, Res Unit Wildlife Populat Assessment, St Andrews KY16 9LZ, Fife, Scotland. [Laake, Jeff L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Strindberg, Samantha] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [Burnham, Kenneth P.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Thomas, L (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Ctr Res Ecol & Environm Modelling, Res Unit Wildlife Populat Assessment, St Andrews KY16 9LZ, Fife, Scotland. EM len@mcs.st-and.ac.uk RI Marques, Tiago/A-5530-2010; Buckland, Stephen/A-1998-2012; OI Marques, Tiago/0000-0002-2581-1972; Rexstad, Eric/0000-0002-4323-8161 NR 38 TC 603 Z9 655 U1 27 U2 300 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 47 IS 1 BP 5 EP 14 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01737.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 551FD UT WOS:000274191300002 ER PT J AU Ward, EJ Chirakkal, H Gonzalez-Suarez, M Aurioles-Gamboa, D Holmes, EE Gerber, L AF Ward, Eric J. Chirakkal, Haridas Gonzalez-Suarez, Manuela Aurioles-Gamboa, David Holmes, Elizabeth E. Gerber, Leah TI Inferring spatial structure from time-series data: using multivariate state-space models to detect metapopulation structure of California sea lions in the Gulf of California, Mexico SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE extinction risk; metapopulation; multivariate state-space; spatial structure; stochastic growth rate; Zalophus californianus ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; EXTINCTION PARAMETERS; POPULATION VIABILITY; OBSERVATION ERROR; PROCESS NOISE; SELECTION; DYNAMICS; DENSITY; GROWTH AB 1. Understanding spatial structure and identifying subpopulations are critical for estimating population growth rates and extinction risk, and as such essential for effective conservation planning. However, movement and spatiotemporal environmental data are often unavailable, limiting our ability to directly define subpopulations and their level of asynchrony. 2. This study applies a recently developed statistical technique using time-series analysis of abundance data to identify subpopulations. The approach uses multivariate state-space models and Akaike's Information Criterion-based model selection to quantify the data support for different subpopulation numbers and configurations. This technique is applied to the population of California sea lions Zalophus californianus in the Gulf of California, Mexico, distributed across 13 breeding sites. 3. The abundance of California sea lions in the Gulf of California has declined over the last decade, though not all areas have been equally affected. In light of this variation, it is important to understand the population structure to ensure accurate viability assessments and effective management. 4. Our data support the hypothesis that the Gulf of California sea lion population has four subpopulations, each with 2-5 breeding sites. The dynamics between several adjacent subpopulations were correlated, suggesting that they experience similar environmental variation. For each subpopulation, we estimated long-term growth rates, as well as the environmental and observation variation. 5. For most of the subpopulations, our estimates of growth rates were considerably lower than those previously reported. In addition, we found considerable variability across subpopulations in their projected risk of severe decline over the next 50 years. 6. Synthesis and applications. We illustrate a new multivariate state-space modelling technique that uses time series of abundance to quantify the data support for different subpopulation configurations. Our analysis of the California sea lion population in the Gulf of California indicates that the population is spatially structured into four subpopulations, each exhibiting distinct risks of extinction. Based on our results, we recommend that conservation and management efforts in the Gulf of California focus on the two subpopulations with high probabilities of extinction within the next 50 years (Northern Midriff, Southern Midriff). Multivariate state-space models provide a practical approach to determine the spatial structure of virtually any species; they may be particularly useful for species of conservation concern for which data on dispersal and environmental drivers are likely to be scarce. C1 [Chirakkal, Haridas; Gonzalez-Suarez, Manuela; Gerber, Leah] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Ward, Eric J.; Holmes, Elizabeth E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7625, Lab Ecol & Evolut, F-75005 Paris, France. [Aurioles-Gamboa, David] IPN, CICIMAR, La Paz 23096, Baja California, Mexico. RP Ward, EJ (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM eric.ward@noaa.gov RI Gonzalez-Suarez, Manuela/B-9740-2008 OI Gonzalez-Suarez, Manuela/0000-0001-5069-8900 FU National Science Foundation [0347960]; CONACyT (Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia) [SEP-2004-C01-46806, SIP 20070240-20080316] FX This study was supported by a grant to LRG from the National Science Foundation (Animal Behavior, Biological Oceanography and International Programs; Award # 0347960), and by funding to DAG provided by CONACyT (Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia, grant SEP-2004-C01-46806, and SIP 20070240-20080316). We are grateful to SEMARNAT (Instituto Nacional de Ecologia y Direccion de Administracion de Pesquerias) for research permits (most recent Oficio num/SGPA/DGVS/03269). Comments from the members of the Gerber lab and two anonymous reviewers considerably improved previous versions of this manuscript. C. D'Agrosa helped create Fig. 1. NR 55 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 47 IS 1 BP 47 EP 56 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01745.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 551FD UT WOS:000274191300006 ER PT J AU Jablonski, A Salvat, F Powell, CJ AF Jablonski, A. Salvat, F. Powell, C. J. TI Practical formulas for inner-shell ionization cross sections by electron impact: Applications in quantitative Auger electron spectroscopy (vol 106, 053706, 2009) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Correction DE Auger electron spectroscopy; electron impact ionisation; permittivity; SCF calculations C1 [Jablonski, A.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys Chem, PL-01224 Warsaw, Poland. [Salvat, F.] Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Salvat, F.] Univ Barcelona, ICC, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Powell, C. J.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jablonski, A (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys Chem, Ul Kasprzaka 44-52, PL-01224 Warsaw, Poland. EM cedric.powell@nist.gov RI Salvat, Francesc/F-8255-2016 OI Salvat, Francesc/0000-0002-6162-8841 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 107 IS 3 AR 039901 DI 10.1063/1.3304836 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 555MZ UT WOS:000274517300129 ER PT J AU Sanford, NA Blanchard, PT Bertness, KA Mansfield, L Schlager, JB Sanders, AW Roshko, A Burton, BB George, SM AF Sanford, N. A. Blanchard, P. T. Bertness, K. A. Mansfield, L. Schlager, J. B. Sanders, A. W. Roshko, A. Burton, B. B. George, S. M. TI Steady-state and transient photoconductivity in c-axis GaN nanowires grown by nitrogen-plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE alumina; atomic layer deposition; carrier density; carrier mobility; dark conductivity; gallium compounds; III-V semiconductors; molecular beam epitaxial growth; nanofabrication; nanowires; persistent currents; photoconductivity; plasma deposition; semiconductor growth; semiconductor quantum wires; surface states; tantalum compounds; wide band gap semiconductors ID ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; THIN-FILM GROWTH; N-TYPE GAN; OHMIC CONTACT; RESISTANCE; TEMPERATURE AB Analysis of steady-state and transient photoconductivity measurements at room temperature performed on c-axis oriented GaN nanowires yielded estimates of free carrier concentration, drift mobility, surface band bending, and surface capture coefficient for electrons. Samples grown (unintentionally n-type) by nitrogen-plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy primarily from two separate growth runs were examined. The results revealed carrier concentration in the range of (3-6)x10(16) cm(-3) for one growth run, roughly 5x10(14)-1x10(15) cm(-3) for the second, and drift mobility in the range of 500-700 cm(2)/(V s) for both. Nanowires were dispersed onto insulating substrates and contacted forming single-wire, two-terminal structures with typical electrode gaps of approximate to 3-5 mu m. When biased at 1 V bias and illuminated at 360 nm (3.6 mW/cm(2)) the thinner (approximate to 100 nm diameter) nanowires with the higher background doping showed an abrupt increase in photocurrent from 5 pA (noise level) to 0.1-1 mu A. Under the same conditions, thicker (151-320 nm) nanowires showed roughly ten times more photocurrent, with dark currents ranging from 2 nA to 1 mu A. With the light blocked, the dark current was restored in a few minutes for the thinner samples and an hour or more for the thicker ones. The samples with lower carrier concentration showed similar trends. Excitation in the 360-550 nm range produced substantially weaker photocurrent with comparable decay rates. Nanowire photoconductivity arises from a reduction in the depletion layer via photogenerated holes drifting to the surface and compensating ionized surface acceptors. Simulations yielded (dark) surface band bending in the vicinity of 0.2-0.3 V and capture coefficient in the range of 10(-23)-10(-19) cm(2). Atomic layer deposition (ALD) was used to conformally deposit approximate to 10 nm of Al(2)O(3) on several devices. Photoconductivity, persistent photoconductivity, and subgap photoconductivity of the coated nanowires were increased in all cases. TaN ALD coatings showed a reduced effect compared to the Al(2)O(3) coated samples. C1 [Sanford, N. A.; Blanchard, P. T.; Bertness, K. A.; Mansfield, L.; Schlager, J. B.; Sanders, A. W.; Roshko, A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Optoelect Div 815, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Burton, B. B.; George, S. M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Sanford, NA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Optoelect Div 815, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sanford@boulder.nist.gov RI George, Steven/O-2163-2013 OI George, Steven/0000-0003-0253-9184 FU DARPA Center for Integrated Micro/Nano-Electromechanical Transducers (iMINT); DARPA S&T Fundamentals Program [HR0011-06-1-0048] FX We gratefully acknowledge fruitful conversations with Professor Benjamin Klein of Georgia Institute of Technology-Savannah regarding comparisons of our cylindrical depletion model with numerical simulations of the true NW hexagonal cross section. Additionally, we have benefited from collaboration with Christopher Dodson and Joy M. Barker (now at Sandia National Laboratory) during her tenure at NIST as an NRC-sponsored postdoctoral fellow. This work received partial support from the DARPA Center for Integrated Micro/Nano-Electromechanical Transducers (iMINT) funded by DARPA S&T Fundamentals Program (Award No. HR0011-06-1-0048) NR 50 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 41 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 107 IS 3 AR 034318 DI 10.1063/1.3275888 PG 14 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 555MZ UT WOS:000274517300104 ER PT J AU Wong-Ng, W Liu, G Martin, J Thomas, EL Lowhorn, N Kaduk, JA AF Wong-Ng, W. Liu, G. Martin, J. Thomas, E. L. Lowhorn, N. Kaduk, J. A. TI Phase compatibility and thermoelectric properties of compounds in the Sr-Ca-Co-O system SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE calcium compounds; cobalt compounds; electrical conductivity; Seebeck effect; solid solutions; solid structure; strontium compounds; thermal conductivity ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; COBALT OXIDES; CA3CO2O6; PEROVSKITES; FAMILY; MERIT AB Two low-dimensional cobaltite series in the Sr-Ca-Co-O system have been investigated for their solid solution limit, structure, and compatibility phase relationships (850 degrees C in air). Thermoelectric properties have been measured for selected members of these solid solutions. In (Ca,Sr)(3)Co4O9, which has a misfit layered structure, Sr was found to substitute in the Ca site to a limit of (Ca0.8Sr0.2)(3)Co4O9. Compounds in the homologous series, A(n+2)Co(n)Co(')O(3n+3) [where A=Sr, Ca, (Ca,Sr), or (Sr,Ca)], consist of one-dimensional parallel Co(2)O(6)6- chains that are built from successive alternating face-sharing CoO6 trigonal prisms and "n" units of CoO6 octahedra along the hexagonal c-axis. In the (Can+2ConCoO3n+3)-O-' series, only the n=1 phase (Ca3Co2O6) could be prepared under the present synthesis conditions. Sr substitutes in the Ca site of Ca3Co2O6 to a limit of (Ca0.9Sr0.1)(3)Co2O6. In the (Srn+2ConCoO3n+3)-O-' series, Ca substitutes in the Sr site of the n=2, 3, and 4 members to a limit of (Sr0.7Ca0.3)(4)Co3O9, (Sr0.67Ca0.33)(5)Co4O12, and (Sr0.725Ca0.275)(6)Co5O15, respectively. While the members of the (Can+2ConCoO3n+3)-O-' and (Srn+2ConCoO3n+3)-O-' series have reasonably high Seebeck coefficients and relatively low thermal conductivity, the electrical conductivity needs to be increased in order to achieve high ZT values. C1 [Wong-Ng, W.; Liu, G.; Martin, J.; Thomas, E. L.; Lowhorn, N.; Kaduk, J. A.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov NR 37 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 107 IS 3 AR 033508 DI 10.1063/1.3276158 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 555MZ UT WOS:000274517300025 ER PT J AU Li, W Xie, YF Deng, SM Wang, Q AF Li, Wei Xie, Yuanfu Deng, Shiow-Ming Wang, Qi TI Application of the Multigrid Method to the Two-Dimensional Doppler Radar Radial Velocity Data Assimilation SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MODEL INITIAL FIELDS; MICROPHYSICAL RETRIEVAL; SUPERCELL THUNDERSTORM; 3-DIMENSIONAL WIND; TROPICAL CYCLONE; CLOUD MODEL; PART II; ADJOINT; SYSTEM AB In recent years, the Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has developed a space and time mesoscale analysis system (STMAS), which is currently a sequential three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) system and is developing into a sequential 4DVAR in the near future. It is implemented by using a multigrid method based on a variational approach to generate grid analyses. This study is to test how STMAS deals with 2D Doppler radar radial velocity and to what degree the 2D Doppler radar radial velocity can improve the conventional (in situ) observation analysis. Two idealized experiments and one experiment with real Doppler radar radial velocity data, handled by STMAS, demonstrated significant improvement of the conventional observation analysis. Because the radar radial wind data can provide additional wind information (even it is incomplete: e. g., missing tangential wind vector), the analyses by assimilating both radial wind data and conventional data showed better results than those by assimilating only conventional data. Especially in the case of sparse conventional data, radar radial wind data can provide significant information and improve the analyses considerably. C1 [Li, Wei] Ocean Univ China, Coll Phys & Environm Oceanog, Qingdao, Peoples R China. [Li, Wei; Wang, Qi] Natl Marine Data & Informat Serv, State Ocean Adm, Tianjin, Peoples R China. [Xie, Yuanfu] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Deng, Shiow-Ming] Cent Weather Bur, Taipei, Taiwan. RP Li, W (reprint author), 93 Liuwei Rd, Tianjin 300171, Peoples R China. EM liwei@mail.nmdis.gov.cn RI Xie, Yuanfu/G-4413-2015 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2007CB816001]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40776016, 40906016, 40906015]; National High-Tech RandD Program of China [2006AA09Z138] FX The authors would like to express their gratitude to three reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions, which contributed to greatly improve the original manuscript. The first author of this paper was jointly supported by grants of the National Basic Research Program of China (2007CB816001), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40776016, 40906016, 40906015), and the National High-Tech RandD Program of China (2006AA09Z138). NR 29 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 27 IS 2 BP 319 EP 332 DI 10.1175/2009JTECHA1271.1 PG 14 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 554HY UT WOS:000274427300005 ER PT J AU Pakstis, LM Dunkers, JP Zheng, A Vorburger, TV Quinn, TP Cicerone, MT AF Pakstis, L. M. Dunkers, J. P. Zheng, A. Vorburger, T. V. Quinn, T. P. Cicerone, M. T. TI Evaluation of polydimethylsiloxane modification methods for cell response SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART A LA English DT Article DE cell adhesion; cell proliferation; fibronectin; laminin; siloxane; smooth muscle cells ID VASCULAR SMOOTH-MUSCLE; IN-VITRO; FIBRONECTIN; SURFACES; DIFFERENTIATION; PROLIFERATION; ADHESION; EXPRESSION; PHENOTYPE; APOPTOSIS AB Many methods exist in the literature to modify surfaces with extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins prior to cell seeding. However, there are few studies that systematically characterize and compare surface properties and cell response results among modification methods that use different bonding mechanisms. In this work, we compare cell response and physical characterization results from fibronectin or laminin attached to polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer surfaces by physical adsorption, chemisorption, and covalent attachment to determine the best method to modify a deformable surface. We evaluate modification methods based on completeness and uniformity of coverage, surface roughness, and hydrophilicity of attached ECM protein. Smooth muscle cell adhesion, proliferation, morphology, and phenotype were also evaluated. We found that chemisorption methods resulted in higher amounts of protein attachment than physical adsorption and covalent bonding of the ECM proteins. Cell response to protein-modified surfaces was similar with respect to cell adhesion, area, aspect ratio, and phenotype. When all the data are considered, the chemisorption methods, most notably silane_70, provide the best surface properties and highest cell proliferation. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.* J Biomed Mater Res 92A: 604-614, 2010 C1 [Pakstis, L. M.; Dunkers, J. P.; Cicerone, M. T.] NIST, Div Polymers, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zheng, A.; Vorburger, T. V.] NIST, Div Precis Engn, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Quinn, T. P.] NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Dunkers, JP (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joy.dunkers@nist.gov NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1549-3296 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES A JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A PD FEB PY 2010 VL 92A IS 2 BP 604 EP 614 DI 10.1002/jbm.a.32402 PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 540UD UT WOS:000273364300021 PM 19235219 ER PT J AU Findell, KL Delworth, TL AF Findell, Kirsten L. Delworth, Thomas L. TI Impact of Common Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies on Global Drought and Pluvial Frequency SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEVERITY INDEX; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; TROPICAL CIRCULATION; RAINFALL VARIABILITY; AUSTRALIAN RAINFALL; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; NORTH-AMERICAN; UNITED-STATES; PART I; ENSO AB Climate model simulations run as part of the Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) Drought Working Group initiative were analyzed to determine the impact of three patterns of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies on drought and pluvial frequency and intensity around the world. The three SST forcing patterns include a global pattern similar to the background warming trend, a pattern in the Pacific, and a pattern in the Atlantic. Five different global atmospheric models were forced by fixed SSTs to test the impact of these SST anomalies on droughts and pluvials relative to a climatologically forced control run. The five models generally yield similar results in the locations of drought and pluvial frequency changes throughout the annual cycle in response to each given SST pattern. In all of the simulations, areas with an increase in the mean drought (pluvial) conditions tend to also show an increase in the frequency of drought (pluvial) events. Additionally, areas with more frequent extreme events also tend to show higher intensity extremes. The cold Pacific anomaly increases drought occurrence in the United States and southern South America and increases pluvials in Central America and northern and central South America. The cold Atlantic anomaly increases drought occurrence in southern Central America, northern South America, and central Africa and increases pluvials in central South America. The warm Pacific and Atlantic anomalies generally lead to reversals of the drought and pluvial increases described with the corresponding cold anomalies. More modest impacts are seen in other parts of the world. The impact of the trend pattern is generally more modest than that of the two other anomaly patterns. C1 [Findell, Kirsten L.] NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Findell, KL (reprint author), NOAA, GFDL, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM kirsten.findell@noaa.gov RI Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014; Findell, Kirsten/D-4430-2014 FU NASA; NOAA; NSF FX This work was carried out as part of a U. S. CLIVAR Drought Working Group activity supported by NASA, NOAA, and NSF to coordinate and compare climate model simulations forced with a common set of idealized SST patterns. The authors thank NASA's Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) for making the NSIPP1 runs available, the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University for making their CCM3 runs available, NOAA's Climate Prediction Center (CPC)/Climate Test Bed (CTB) for making the GFS runs available, NOAA's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) for making the AM2.1 runs available, the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) for making the CAM3.5 runs available, and the Center for Ocean Land Atmosphere (COLA) and the University of Miami's Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science for making the CCSM3.0 coupled model runs available. We would also like to thank Yana Malysheva for guaranteeing that the GFDL data were consistent with the CMOR protocol, and Paul Ginoux, Gabriel Vecchi, and four anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 61 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 23 IS 3 BP 485 EP 503 DI 10.1175/2009JCLI3153.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 553DT UT WOS:000274346700001 ER PT J AU Lloyd, ID Vecchi, GA AF Lloyd, Ian D. Vecchi, Gabriel A. TI Submonthly Indian Ocean Cooling Events and Their Interaction with Large-Scale Conditions SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; TROPICAL PACIFIC; WIND STRESS; PART I; VARIABILITY; SST; PERTURBATIONS; MECHANISMS AB The Indian Ocean exhibits strong variability on a number of time scales, including prominent intraseasonal variations in both the atmosphere and ocean. Of particular interest is the south tropical Indian Ocean thermocline ridge, a region located between 12 degrees and 5 degrees S, which exhibits prominent variability in sea surface temperature (SST) due to dominant winds that raise the thermocline and shoal the mixed layer. In this paper, submonthly (less than 30 day) cooling events in the thermocline ridge region are diagnosed with observations and models, and are related to large-scale conditions in the Indo-Pacific region. Observations from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) satellite were used to identify 16 cooling events in the period 1998-2007, which on average cannot be fully accounted for by air-sea enthalpy fluxes. Analysis of observations and a hierarchy of models, including two coupled global climate models (GFDLCM2.1 and GFDLCM2.4), indicates that ocean dynamical changes are important to the cooling events. For extreme cooling events (above 2.5 standard deviations), air-sea enthalpy fluxes account for approximately 50% of the SST signature, and oceanic processes cannot in general be neglected. For weaker cooling events (1.5-2.5 standard deviations), air-sea enthalpy fluxes account for a larger fraction of the SST signature. Furthermore, it is found that cooling events are preconditioned by large-scale, low-frequency changes in the coupled ocean-atmosphere system. When the thermocline is unusually shallow in the thermocline ridge region, cooling events are more likely to occur and are stronger; these large-scale conditions are more (less) likely during La Nina (El Nino/Indian Ocean dipole) events. Strong cooling events are associated with changes in atmospheric convection, which resemble the Madden-Julian oscillation, in both observations and the models. C1 [Lloyd, Ian D.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Vecchi, Gabriel A.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Lloyd, ID (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, 300 Forrestal Rd,Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM illoyd@princeton.edu RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA17RJ2612, NA08OAR4320752]; U.S. Department of Commerce FX The authors thank Anand Gnanadesikan, Gabriel Lau, Leo Donner, Andrew Wittenberg, and Anthony Rosati for helpful comments and assistance during the course of this work. This report was prepared by Ian Lloyd under Award NA17RJ2612 and NA08OAR4320752 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or the U. S. Department of Commerce. NR 50 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 23 IS 3 BP 700 EP 716 DI 10.1175/2009JCLI3067.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 553DT UT WOS:000274346700013 ER PT J AU Chen, MY Wang, WQ Kumar, A AF Chen, Mingyue Wang, Wanqiu Kumar, Arun TI Prediction of Monthly-Mean Temperature: The Roles of Atmospheric and Land Initial Conditions and Sea Surface Temperature SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID LONG-RANGE PREDICTABILITY; FORECAST SYSTEM; POTENTIAL PREDICTABILITY; SEASONAL SIMULATION; SOIL-MOISTURE; CLIMATE; MODEL; VARIABILITY; ANOMALIES; TROPICS AB Using the retrospective forecasts from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) coupled atmosphere-ocean Climate Forecast System (CFS) and the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) simulations from its uncoupled atmospheric component, the NCEP Global Forecast System (GFS), the relative roles of atmospheric and land initial conditions and the lower boundary condition of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) for the prediction of monthly-mean temperature are investigated. The analysis focuses on the lead-time dependence of monthly-mean prediction skill and its asymptotic value for longer lead times, which could be attributed the atmospheric response to the slowly varying SST. The results show that the observed atmospheric and land initial conditions improve the skill of monthly-mean prediction in the extratropics but have little influence in the tropics. However, the influence of initial atmospheric and land conditions in the extratropics decays rapidly. For 30-day-lead predictions, the global-mean forecast skill of monthly means is found to reach an asymptotic value that is primarily determined by the SST anomalies. The lead time at which initial conditions lose their influence varies spatially. In addition, the initial atmospheric and land conditions are found to have longer impacts in northern winter and spring than in summer and fall. The relevance of the results for constructing lagged ensemble forecasts is discussed. C1 [Chen, Mingyue; Wang, Wanqiu; Kumar, Arun] NCEP, CPC, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Chen, MY (reprint author), NCEP, CPC, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 605, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM mingyue.chen@noaa.gov NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 23 IS 3 BP 717 EP 725 DI 10.1175/2009JCLI3090.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 553DT UT WOS:000274346700014 ER PT J AU Foltz, GR Vialard, J Kumar, BP McPhaden, MJ AF Foltz, Gregory R. Vialard, Jerome Kumar, B. Praveen McPhaden, Michael J. TI Seasonal Mixed Layer Heat Balance of the Southwestern Tropical Indian Ocean SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; PACIFIC-OCEAN; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; BULK PARAMETERIZATION; RAINFALL VARIABILITY; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; NORTH PACIFIC; EL-NINO; PART I AB Sea surface temperature (SST) in the southwestern tropical Indian Ocean exerts a significant influence on global climate through its influence on the Indian summer monsoon and Northern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation. In this study, measurements from a long-term moored buoy are used in conjunction with satellite, in situ, and atmospheric reanalysis datasets to analyze the seasonal mixed layer heat balance in the thermocline ridge region of the southwestern tropical Indian Ocean. This region is characterized by a shallow mean thermocline (90 m, as measured by the 20 degrees C isotherm) and pronounced seasonal cycles of Ekman pumping and SST (seasonal ranges of -0.1 to 0.6 m day(-1) and 26 degrees-29.5 degrees C, respectively). It is found that surface heat fluxes and horizontal heat advection contribute significantly to the seasonal cycle of mixed layer heat storage. The net surface heat flux tends to warm the mixed layer throughout the year and is strongest during boreal fall and winter, when surface shortwave radiation is highest and latent heat loss is weakest. Horizontal heat advection provides warming during boreal summer and fall, when southwestward surface currents and horizontal SST gradients are strongest, and is close to zero during the remainder of the year. Vertical turbulent mixing, estimated as a residual in the heat balance, also undergoes a significant seasonal cycle. Cooling from this term is strongest in boreal summer, when surface wind and buoyancy forcing are strongest, the thermocline ridge is shallow (<90 m), and the mixed layer is deepening. These empirical results provide a framework for addressing intraseasonal and interannual climate variations, which are dynamically linked to the seasonal cycle, in the southwestern tropical Indian Ocean. They also provide a quantitative basis for assessing the accuracy of numerical ocean model simulations in the region. C1 [Foltz, Gregory R.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Vialard, Jerome] IRD, Lab Oceanog Experimentat & Approches Numer, Paris, France. [McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Kumar, B. Praveen] Natl Inst Oceanog, Phys Oceanog Div, Panaji, Goa, India. RP Foltz, GR (reprint author), 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98133 USA. EM gregory.foltz@noaa.gov RI Vialard, Jerome/C-2809-2008; Foltz, Gregory/B-8710-2011; Kumar, Praveen/D-5244-2009; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 OI Vialard, Jerome/0000-0001-6876-3766; Foltz, Gregory/0000-0003-0050-042X; FU Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Counsil of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR, India) FX We thank Fabienne Gaillard for providing us the Coriolis objective analysis and Clement de Boyer Montegut for making his interannual mixed layer product available to us. We are grateful to Rick Lumpkin for providing the drifter climatology and to Lisan Yu for providing the OAFlux data. We would also like to acknowledge three anonymous reviewers, whose comments greatly improved the final manuscript. TMI/AMSR-E data are produced by Remote Sensing Systems (available online at http://www.remss.com). GRF and MJM are funded by the NOAA Climate Program Office. JV is funded by Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD) and did this work while visiting National Institute of Oceanography (NIO, India). BPK is supported by a Counsil of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR, India) fellowship. NR 56 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 23 IS 4 BP 947 EP 965 DI 10.1175/2009JCLI3268.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 564XY UT WOS:000275253200009 ER PT J AU Xie, SP Deser, C Vecchi, GA Ma, J Teng, HY Wittenberg, AT AF Xie, Shang-Ping Deser, Clara Vecchi, Gabriel A. Ma, Jian Teng, Haiyan Wittenberg, Andrew T. TI Global Warming Pattern Formation: Sea Surface Temperature and Rainfall SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL; COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; TROPICAL PACIFIC; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; FEEDBACK PROCESSES; EASTERN PACIFIC; INCREASED CO2 AB Spatial variations in sea surface temperature (SST) and rainfall changes over the tropics are investigated based on ensemble simulations for the first half of the twenty-first century under the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission scenario A1B with coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation models of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) and National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). Despite a GHG increase that is nearly uniform in space, pronounced patterns emerge in both SST and precipitation. Regional differences in SST warming can be as large as the tropical-mean warming. Specifically, the tropical Pacific warming features a conspicuous maximum along the equator and a minimum in the southeast subtropics. The former is associated with westerly wind anomalies whereas the latter is linked to intensified southeast trade winds, suggestive of wind-evaporation-SST feedback. There is a tendency for a greater warming in the northern subtropics than in the southern subtropics in accordance with asymmetries in trade wind changes. Over the equatorial Indian Ocean, surface wind anomalies are easterly, the thermocline shoals, and the warming is reduced in the east, indicative of Bjerknes feedback. In the midlatitudes, ocean circulation changes generate narrow banded structures in SST warming. The warming is negatively correlated with wind speed change over the tropics and positively correlated with ocean heat transport change in the northern extratropics. A diagnostic method based on the ocean mixed layer heat budget is developed to investigate mechanisms for SST pattern formation. Tropical precipitation changes are positively correlated with spatial deviations of SST warming from the tropical mean. In particular, the equatorial maximum in SST warming over the Pacific anchors a band of pronounced rainfall increase. The gross moist instability follows closely relative SST change as equatorial wave adjustments flatten upper-tropospheric warming. The comparison with atmospheric simulations in response to a spatially uniform SST warming illustrates the importance of SST patterns for rainfall change, an effect overlooked in current discussion of precipitation response to global warming. Implications for the global and regional response of tropical cyclones are discussed. C1 [Xie, Shang-Ping; Ma, Jian] Univ Hawaii Manoa, SOEST, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Xie, Shang-Ping; Ma, Jian] Univ Hawaii Manoa, SOEST, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Deser, Clara; Teng, Haiyan] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Wittenberg, Andrew T.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Xie, SP (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, SOEST, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM xie@hawaii.edu RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Xie, Shang-Ping/C-1254-2009; Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013; Ma, Jian/K-5228-2013 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Xie, Shang-Ping/0000-0002-3676-1325; Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963; Ma, Jian/0000-0002-9091-2040 FU NOAA; NSF; NASA; JAMSTEC FX We wish to thank Isaac Held, Kevin Trenberth, Jian Lu, Jerry Meehl, John Fasullo, Anand Gnanadesikan, Ken Takahashi, Tom Knutson, Gabriel Lau, Rong Zhang, Ingo Richter, Fumiaki Kobashi, and Hyodae Seo for helpful discussion; Adam Phillips for technical assistance; and Amy Clement and anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. Much of the work was conducted when SPX was on sabbatical leave at NCAR and GFDL. This work is supported by NOAA, NSF, NASA, and JAMSTEC. NR 69 TC 333 Z9 344 U1 13 U2 132 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 23 IS 4 BP 966 EP 986 DI 10.1175/2009JCLI3329.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 564XY UT WOS:000275253200010 ER PT J AU Antonucci, JM Regnault, WF Skrtic, D AF Antonucci, J. M. Regnault, W. F. Skrtic, D. TI Polymerization Shrinkage and Stress Development in Amorphous Calcium Phosphate/Urethane Dimethacrylate Polymeric Composites SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE amorphous calcium phosphate; composite; urethane dimethacrylate; polymerization shrinkage stress ID PHOSPHATE/METHACRYLATE COMPOSITES; RESIN-COMPOSITES; PHOSPHATES; CONVERSION; HYBRID AB This study explores how substituting a new high molecular mass oligomeric poly(ethylene glycol) extended urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) (PEG-U) for 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) in photo-activated UDMA resins affects degree of vinyl conversion (DC), polymerization shrinkage (PS), stress development (PSSD) and biaxial flexure strength (BFS) of their amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) composites. The composites were prepared from four types of resins (UDMA, PEG-U, UDMA/HEMA, and UDMA/PEG-U) and zirconia-hybridized ACP. Introducing PEG-U improved DC, while not adversely affecting PS, PSSD, and the BFS of composites. This improvement in DC is attributed to the long, more flexible structure between the vinyl groups of PEG-U and its higher molecular mass compared to poly(HEMA). The results imply that PEG-U has the potential to serve as an alternative to HEMA in dental and other biomedical applications. C1 [Skrtic, D.] Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Antonucci, J. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Regnault, W. F.] US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. RP Skrtic, D (reprint author), Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM drago.skrtic@nist.gov FU National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research [Y1-DE-7006]; American Dental Association Foundation [13169]; FDA; NIST; ADAF FX Reported work was supported by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIST-NIDCR Interagency Agreement Y1-DE-7006 and grant 13169 to the American Dental Association Foundation). It is a part of the dental material research program supported by FDA, NIST, and ADAF. Generous contribution of UDMA, PEGU, and HEMA monomers from Esstech, Essington, PA, USA, is gratefully acknowledged. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0021-9983 J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 44 IS 3 BP 355 EP 367 DI 10.1177/0021998309345180 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 548MS UT WOS:000273968100007 PM 20169007 ER PT J AU Awadalla, SA Mackenzie, J Chen, H Redden, B Bindley, G Duff, MC Burger, A Groza, M Buliga, V Bradley, JP Dai, ZR Teslich, N Black, DR AF Awadalla, S. A. Mackenzie, J. Chen, H. Redden, B. Bindley, G. Duff, M. C. Burger, A. Groza, M. Buliga, V. Bradley, J. P. Dai, Z. R. Teslich, N. Black, D. R. TI Characterization of detector-grade CdZnTe crystals grown by traveling heater method (THM.) SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE CZT; THM; Secondary phases; Surface treatment ID SEMIINSULATING CDZNTE; CDTE; PERFORMANCE; (CD,ZN)TE AB This work focuses on the 3. Results and discussion characterization of 10 x 10 x 1 0 mm(3) THM-grown CdZnTe detector-grade crystals that have been post-growth annealed to remove the secondary phases (SPs). All three detectors showed an average energy resolution of similar to 1.63% for a small guarded pixel with 3.5 min diameter, measured using (137)Cs-662 keV with an average peak-to-Compton ratio of 2.7. The characterization showed vestiges of SPs and micro-twins present in some of the crystals indicating that the SPs prior to annealing were large and had size in the range of 100-500 mu m. The various detectable structural features, such as micron twins, strains and sub-micron level of Te inclusions seemed to have little or no influence in the radiation spectrometer performance of the detectors; this is possibly because they are either having low density or electrically inactive. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Awadalla, S. A.; Mackenzie, J.; Chen, H.; Redden, B.; Bindley, G.] Redlen Technol, Sidney, BC V8L 5Y8, Canada. [Duff, M. C.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. [Burger, A.; Groza, M.; Buliga, V.] Fisk Univ, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. [Bradley, J. P.; Dai, Z. R.; Teslich, N.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Black, D. R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Awadalla, SA (reprint author), Redlen Technol, Sidney, BC V8L 5Y8, Canada. EM salah.awadalla@redlen.com RI Dai, Zurong/E-6732-2010 NR 17 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 5 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 312 IS 4 BP 507 EP 513 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2009.11.007 PG 7 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 558RD UT WOS:000274761900006 ER PT J AU Andreas, EL Persson, POG Jordan, RE Horst, TW Guest, PS Grachev, AA Fairall, CW AF Andreas, Edgar L. Persson, P. Ola G. Jordan, Rachel E. Horst, Thomas W. Guest, Peter S. Grachev, Andrey A. Fairall, Christopher W. TI Parameterizing Turbulent Exchange over Sea Ice in Winter SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; SCALAR TRANSFER-COEFFICIENTS; BULK AERODYNAMIC ALGORITHMS; CLIMATE SYSTEM MODEL; WESTERN WEDDELL SEA; SURFACE HEAT-BUDGET; DRAG COEFFICIENTS; ROUGHNESS LENGTH; SONIC ANEMOMETER; STATION-WEDDELL AB The Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) experiment produced 18 000 h of turbulence data from the atmospheric surface layer over sea ice while the ice camp drifted for a year in the Beaufort Gyre. Multiple sites instrumented during SHEBA suggest only two aerodynamic seasons over sea ice. In "winter'' (October 1997 through 14 May 1998 and 15 September 1998 through the end of the SHEBA deployment in early October 1998), the ice was compact and snow covered, and the snow was dry enough to drift and blow. In "summer'' (15 May through 14 September 1998 in this dataset), the snow melted, and melt ponds and leads appeared and covered as much as 40% of the surface with open water. This paper develops a bulk turbulent flux algorithm to explain the winter data. This algorithm predicts the surface fluxes of momentum, and sensible and latent heat from more readily measured or modeled quantities. A main result of the analysis is that the roughness length for wind speed z(0) does not depend on the friction velocity u(*) in the drifting snow regime (u(*) >= 0.30 m s(-1)) but, rather, is constant in the SHEBA dataset at about 2.3 x 10(-4) m. Previous analyses that found z(0) to increase with u(*) during drifting snow may have suffered from fictitious correlation because u(*) also appears in z(0). The present analysis mitigates this fictitious correlation by plotting measured z(0) against the corresponding u(*) computed from the bulk flux algorithm. Such plots, created with data from six different SHEBA sites, show z(0) to be independent of the bulk u(*) for 0.15, u(*) <= 0.65 m s(-1). This study also evaluates the roughness lengths for temperature z(T) and humidity z(Q), incorporates new profile stratification corrections for stable stratification, addresses the singularities that often occur in iterative flux algorithms in very light winds, and includes an extensive analysis of whether atmospheric stratification affects z(0), z(T), and z(Q). C1 [Andreas, Edgar L.] NW Res Associates Inc, Seattle Div, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA. [Persson, P. Ola G.; Grachev, Andrey A.; Fairall, Christopher W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Persson, P. Ola G.; Grachev, Andrey A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jordan, Rachel E.] Jordan Environm Modeling PC, Hanover, NH USA. [Horst, Thomas W.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Guest, Peter S.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Andreas, EL (reprint author), NW Res Associates Inc, Seattle Div, 25 Eagle Ridge, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA. EM eandreas@nwra.com OI GRACHEV, ANDREY/0000-0002-7143-0820 FU The U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [06-11942]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX07AL77G] FX The U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) supported our initial participation in SHEBA with awards to the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, NOAA's Environmental Technology Laboratory (now the Earth System Research Laboratory), the Naval Postgraduate School, and the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences. NSF also supported our use of the Flux-PAM stations from the facilities pool at the National Center for Atmospheric Research. Both NSF (Award 06-11942) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Award NNX07AL77G) supported ELA at NorthWest Research Associates during the preparation of this manuscript. Lastly, we thank William Gutowski and three anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments on this manuscript. NR 78 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 11 IS 1 BP 87 EP 104 DI 10.1175/2009JHM1102.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 566BN UT WOS:000275344800005 ER PT J AU Lu, C Yuan, H Tollerud, EI Wang, N AF Lu, C. Yuan, H. Tollerud, E. I. Wang, N. TI Scale-Dependent Uncertainties in Global QPFs and QPEs from NWP Model and Satellite Fields SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; NUMERICAL-MODELS; VERIFICATION; RESOLUTION; RAINFALL; ENSEMBLE; SYSTEM; MICROWAVE; WAVELET; STATES AB Global precipitation forecasts from numerical weather prediction (NWP) models can be verified using the near-global coverage of satellite precipitation retrievals. However, inaccuracies in satellite precipitation analyses complicate the interpretation of forecast errors that result from verification of an NWP model against satellite observations. In this study, assessments of both a global quantitative precipitation estimate (QPE) from a satellite precipitation product and corresponding global quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF) from a global NWP model are conducted using available global land-based gauge data. A scale decomposition technique is devised, coupled with seasonal and spatial classifications, to evaluate these inaccuracies. The results are then analyzed in context with various physical precipitation systems, including heavy monsoonal rains, light Mediterranean winter rains, and North American convective-related and midlatitude cyclone-related precipitation. In general, global model results tend to consistently overforecast rainfall, whereas satellite measurements present a mixed pattern, underestimating many large-scale precipitation systems while overestimating many convective-scale precipitation systems. Both global model QPF and satellite-retrieved QPE showed better correlation scores in large-scale precipitation systems when verified with gauge measurements. In this case, model-based QPF tends to outperform satellite-retrieved QPE. At convective scales, there are significant drops in both model QPF and satellite QPE correlation scores, but satellite QPE performs slightly better than model QPF. These general results also showed regional and seasonal variation. For example, in tropical monsoon systems, satellite QPE tended to outperform model-based QPF at both scales. Overall, the results suggest potential improvements for both satellite estimates and weather forecast systems, in particular as applied to global precipitation forecasts. C1 [Lu, C.] Colorado State Univ, ESRL, NOAA, Global Syst Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lu, C.; Wang, N.] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Yuan, H.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Lu, C (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, ESRL, NOAA, Global Syst Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM chungu.lu@noaa.gov RI Wang, Ning/C-6841-2015; Yuan, Huiling/G-9795-2013 FU NOAA FX The authors thank Jian-Wen Bao for his valuable discussions and critical review of this paper, and Ann Reiser for her editorial assistance. The research is conducted under NOAA internal funding in support of a project to advance global precipitation verification and FIM development. NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 11 IS 1 BP 139 EP 155 DI 10.1175/2009JHM1164.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 566BN UT WOS:000275344800008 ER PT J AU Agam, N Kustas, WP Anderson, MC Norman, JM Colaizzi, PD Howell, TA Prueger, JH Meyers, TP Wilson, TB AF Agam, Nurit Kustas, William P. Anderson, Martha C. Norman, John M. Colaizzi, Paul D. Howell, Terry A. Prueger, John H. Meyers, Tilden P. Wilson, Tim B. TI Application of the Priestley-Taylor Approach in a Two-Source Surface Energy Balance Model SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID IRRIGATED WINTER-WHEAT; PARTIAL CANOPY COVER; SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; HEAT-FLUX; RADIOMETRIC TEMPERATURES; AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE; VEGETATION INDEXES; INCOMPLETE COVER; PENMAN-MONTEITH; SPARSE CROPS AB The Priestley-Taylor (PT) approximation for computing evapotranspiration was initially developed for conditions of a horizontally uniform saturated surface sufficiently extended to obviate any significant advection of energy. Nevertheless, the PT approach has been effectively implemented within the framework of a thermal-based two-source model (TSM) of the surface energy balance, yielding reasonable latent heat flux estimates over a range in vegetative cover and climate conditions. In the TSM, however, the PT approach is applied only to the canopy component of the latent heat flux, which may behave more conservatively than the bulk (soil 1 canopy) system. The objective of this research is to investigate the response of the canopy and bulk PT parameters to varying leaf area index (LAI) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) in both natural and agricultural vegetated systems, to better understand the utility and limitations of this approximation within the context of the TSM. Micrometeorological flux measurements collected at multiple sites under a wide range of atmospheric conditions were used to implement an optimization scheme, assessing the value of the PT parameter for best performance of the TSM. Overall, the findings suggest that within the context of the TSM, the optimal canopy PT coefficient for agricultural crops appears to have a fairly conservative value of similar to 1.2 except when under very high vapor pressure deficit (VPD) conditions, when its value increases. For natural vegetation (primarily grasslands), the optimal canopy PT coefficient assumed lower values on average (similar to 0.9) and dropped even further at high values of VPD. This analysis provides some insight as to why the PT approach, initially developed for regional estimates of potential evapotranspiration, can be used successfully in the TSM scheme to yield reliable heat flux estimates over a variety of land cover types. C1 [Agam, Nurit; Kustas, William P.; Anderson, Martha C.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Norman, John M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Colaizzi, Paul D.; Howell, Terry A.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Prueger, John H.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Meyers, Tilden P.; Wilson, Tim B.] NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Agam, N (reprint author), Agr Res Org Israel, Gilat Res Ctr, IL-85280 Dn Negev, Israel. EM nurit.agam@gmail.com RI Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016; Wilson, Timothy/C-9863-2016; OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525; Wilson, Timothy/0000-0003-1785-5323; Agam, Nurit/0000-0002-8921-6179 FU BARD [FI-3712005]; United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund FX This research was supported by Vaadia-BARD Postdoctoral Fellowship Award FI-3712005 from BARD, the United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund. NR 69 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 11 IS 1 BP 185 EP 198 DI 10.1175/2009JHM1124.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 566BN UT WOS:000275344800011 ER PT J AU Garrigue, C Zerbini, AN Geyer, Y Heide-Jorgensen, MP Hanaoka, W Clapham, P AF Garrigue, Claire Zerbini, Alexandre N. Geyer, Ygor Heide-Jorgensen, Mads-Peter Hanaoka, Wakao Clapham, Phil TI Movements of satellite-monitored humpback whales from New Caledonia SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE distribution; humpback whale; Megaptera novaeanghae; migration; New Caledonia; Oceannia; satellite Monitoring ID MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; BREEDING GROUNDS; WATERS AB Knowledge of the local and migratory movements of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeanghae) form New Caledonia is very limited. To investigate this topic. we attached satellite-monitored tags to 12 whales off Southern New Caledonia Tag longevity ranged from 1 to 52 days ((X) over bar = 22.5 days). Tagged whales generally moved to the south or southeast, with several spending time Ill it I)previously Unknown seamount habitat named Antigonia before resuming Movement. generally toward Norfolk Island or New Zealand However, I female with it calf traveled the entire length of the western coast of New Caledonia (similar to 450 km) and then west in the direction of the Chesterfield Reefs, a 19th century American ("Yankee") whaling ground None of the New Caledonia whales traveled to or toward eastern Australia. which is broadly consistent with the low rate of interchange observed from photo-identification comparisons between these 2 areas. The connections between New Caledonia and New Zealand. to,,together with the relatively low numbers of whales seen in these places generally. Support the idea that whales from these 2 areas constitute a single population that remains small and unrecovered. DOI: 10.1644/09-MAMM-A-033R.1 C1 [Garrigue, Claire] Operat Cetaces, Noumea, New Caledonia. [Garrigue, Claire; Clapham, Phil] S Pacific Whale Res Consortium, Rarotonga, Cook Islands. [Zerbini, Alexandre N.; Clapham, Phil] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Zerbini, Alexandre N.; Geyer, Ygor] Inst Aqualie, Projeto Monitoramento Baletas Poi Satelite, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Heide-Jorgensen, Mads-Peter] Greendland Inst Nat Resources, Nuuk 3900, Greenland. [Hanaoka, Wakao] Greenpeace Japan, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1600023, Japan. RP Garrigue, C (reprint author), Operat Cetaces, BP 12827 98802, Noumea, New Caledonia. RI Zerbini, Alexandre/G-4138-2012; Garrigue, Claire/I-4704-2016 OI Garrigue, Claire/0000-0002-8117-3370 FU Greenpeace International; Fondation d'Entreprise Total and Total Pacifique; United States National Research Council.; National Academy of Sciences. FX This tagging project was financed primarily by Greenpeace International as part of a scientific collaboration to carry out nonlethal research on specific populations of South Pacific humpback whales. We are very grateful for this vital support of the work. We also thank Fondation d'Entreprise Total and Total Pacifique for their financial support. A.N. Zerbin has been funded by a research fellowship from the United States National Research Council. National Academy of Sciences. The research permit to tag the whales was issued by Province Sud Janiee Wante reviewed and formatted an early draft of the manuscript. Additonal comments from 2 anonymours referees are grately appreciated NR 27 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 16 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 91 IS 1 BP 109 EP 115 DI 10.1644/09-MAMM-A-033R.1 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 560UR UT WOS:000274929300012 ER PT J AU Johns, JI O'Donnell, JNR Skrtic, D AF Johns, J. I. O'Donnell, J. N. R. Skrtic, D. TI Selected physicochemical properties of the experimental endodontic sealer SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID AMORPHOUS CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE; HYGROSCOPIC EXPANSION; DENTAL COMPOSITES; SHRINKAGE; LESIONS; CEMENT; ENAMEL; RESINS AB This study explores water sorption, hygroscopic expansion, mechanical strength and ion release from the experimental amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) composites formulated for application as endodontic sealers. Light-cure (LC) and dual-cure (DC; combined light and chemical cure) resins comprised urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), methacryloyloxyethyl phthalate (MEP) and a high molecular mass oligomeric co-monomer, poly(ethyleneglycol)-extended UDMA (PEG-U) (designated UPHM resin). To fabricate composites, a mass fraction of 60% UPHM resin was blended with a mass fraction of 40% as-made (am-) or ground (g-) ACP. Glass-filled composites were used as controls. Both DC and LC ACP UPHM composites exhibited relatively high levels of water sorption accompanied by a significant hygroscopic expansion. The latter may potentially be useful to offset high polymerization stresses that develop in these materials. Ion release profiles of the experimental materials confirmed their potential for regeneration of mineral-deficient tooth structures. Their moderate to low mechanical strength after 3 months of aqueous immersion did not diminish the enthusiasm for the proposed use as endodontic sealers. For that application, DC g-ACP composites appear to be the most adequate, but micro-leakage and quantitative leachability studies are needed to fully establish their suitability. C1 [Johns, J. I.; O'Donnell, J. N. R.; Skrtic, D.] NIST, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Skrtic, D (reprint author), NIST, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8546, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM drago.skrtic@nist.gov FU National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research [DE13169-10]; National Institute of Standards and Technology; American Dental Association Foundation FX This investigation was supported by Research Grant DE13169-10 from the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the American Dental Association Foundation. We gratefully acknowledge Esstech, Essington, PA, USA for generously providing the monomers used in this study. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-4530 J9 J MATER SCI-MATER M JI J. Mater. Sci.-Mater. Med. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 21 IS 2 BP 797 EP 805 DI 10.1007/s10856-009-3873-3 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 554LK UT WOS:000274436300046 PM 19768397 ER PT J AU Jorgensen, EM Strugnell, JM Allcock, AL AF Jorgensen, Elaina M. Strugnell, Jan M. Allcock, A. Louise TI Description and phylogenetic relationships of a new genus of octopus, Sasakiopus (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae), from the Bering Sea, with a redescription of Sasakiopus salebrosus (Sasaki, 1920) SO JOURNAL OF MOLLUSCAN STUDIES LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN-OCEAN; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; N.-SP.; MOLLUSCA; ATLANTIC; WATERS; MODEL AB A new genus of octopus, Sasakiopus, is erected for the species S. salebrosus (Sasaki, 1920) n. comb. Sasakiopus salebrosus is redescribed from the holotype and from new material recently collected in the eastern Bering Sea. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of one nuclear and three mitochondrial genes revealed that the new genus is the sister taxon of a clade containing the genera Benthoctopus and Vulcanoctopus. The clade containing Sasakiopus, Benthoctopus and Vulcanoctopus is the sister group of Enteroctopus. The genus Bathypolypus falls outside this clade. Sasakiopus differs from Bathypolypus and Enteroctopus by the shape of its ligula (simple in Sasakiopus and Benthoctopus, laminate in Bathypolypus and elongate in Enteroctopus), from Enteroctopus by the absence of enlarged suckers in mature male animals and from Benthoctopus by its skin sculpture and ability to ink. C1 [Jorgensen, Elaina M.] NOAA, RACE, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Strugnell, Jan M.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. [Allcock, A. Louise] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Biol Sci, Belfast BT9 7BL, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Jorgensen, EM (reprint author), NOAA, RACE, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Elaina.Jorgensen@noaa.gov RI Strugnell, Jan/B-1698-2010; Allcock, Louise/A-7359-2012; Strugnell, Jan/P-9921-2016 OI Allcock, Louise/0000-0002-4806-0040; FU Lloyd's Tercentenary; NERC [AFI NE/C506321/1]; Antarctic Science Bursaries; Systematics Association FX The authors would like to thank the Captain and crew of the F/V Northwest Explorer for facilitating the fieldwork. Carla Stehr assisted with the SEM of the radula. Linda Ward and Cheryl Ames assisted in registration of specimens at the NMNH. J.M.S. was supported by a Lloyd's Tercentenary Fellowship and NERC AFI NE/C506321/1, Antarctic Science Bursaries, and thanks the Systematics Association for funding the sequencing work. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0260-1230 EI 1464-3766 J9 J MOLLUS STUD JI J. Molluscan Stud. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 76 BP 57 EP 66 DI 10.1093/mollus/eyp046 PN 1 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 547MI UT WOS:000273892900006 ER PT J AU Lu, YH Meyers, PA Eadie, BJ Robbins, JA AF Lu, Yuehan Meyers, Philip A. Eadie, Brian J. Robbins, John A. TI Carbon cycling in Lake Erie during cultural eutrophication over the last century inferred from the stable carbon isotope composition of sediments SO JOURNAL OF PALEOLIMNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lake Erie; Sediment; Stable carbon isotope; Eutrophication; Calcium carbonate; Total organic carbon ID ORGANIC-MATTER; SOUTHERN CHINA; GREAT-LAKES; ONTARIO; RECORD; DELTA-C-13; DYNAMICS; PHYTOPLANKTON; FRACTIONATION; GEOCHEMISTRY AB A similar to 106-cm sediment core from the eastern basin of Lake Erie was examined to investigate biogeochemical processes in this large lake during its cultural eutrophication over the last century. We measured stable carbon isotopes of total organic carbon and calcium carbonate (delta C-13(TOC) and delta C-13(CaCO3)) as well as the concentrations of total organic carbon (TOC) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3). delta C-13(TOC) and TOC show a strong positive correlation throughout the core and record changes in phytoplankton productivity and nutrient loading. CaCO3 and TOC concentrations display a negative correlation throughout the core, suggesting that CaCO3 concentrations are controlled primarily by decomposition of TOC in the hypolimnion and the sediments, although temperature and invasive mussels are also potential controlling factors. delta C-13(CaCO3) values show a positive correlation with delta C-13(TOC) between 1909 and 1969, indicating phytoplankton productivity was the primary control for delta C-13(CaCO3) values during eutrophication. However, a negative correlation between delta C-13(CaCO3) and delta C-13(TOC) from 1970 to 2002 suggests that these two proxies tracked different aspects of the carbon cycle in the lake in more recent times. The cause for the negative correlation is not yet known, but it is perhaps associated with temperature variations and seasonal differences in productivity. C1 [Lu, Yuehan; Meyers, Philip A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Eadie, Brian J.; Robbins, John A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Lu, YH (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Keck Environm Lab, 1 Wake Dr, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. EM luyuehan@umich.edu OI Meyers, Philip/0000-0002-9709-7528 FU Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecological Research; Department of Geological Sciences at The University of Michigan FX We thank two anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions and Dr. Chris Eastoe from University of Arizona for helpful discussions about analytical precision. Drs. Kenneth W. Klewin and David C. Rockwelland from the US Environmental Protection Agency kindly provided TP concentrations for the EB of Lake Erie since 1982. This study was funded with grants from the Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecological Research and the Scott Turner Fund of the Department of Geological Sciences at The University of Michigan. NR 46 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2728 EI 1573-0417 J9 J PALEOLIMNOL JI J. Paleolimn. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 43 IS 2 BP 261 EP 272 DI 10.1007/s10933-009-9330-y PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 567AX UT WOS:000275415800005 ER PT J AU Wang, B Cicerone, MT Aso, Y Pikal, MJ AF Wang, Bingquan Cicerone, Marcus T. Aso, Yukio Pikal, Michael J. TI The Impact of Thermal Treatment on the Stability of Freeze-Dried Amorphous Pharmaceuticals: II. Aggregation in an IgG1 Fusion Protein SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE annealing; physical aging; freeze drying/lyophilization; molecular mobility; global dynamics (alpha relaxation); local dynamics; enthalpy relaxation; pre-T(g) endotherms; enthalpy recovery; protein structure; pharmaceutical stability; protein aggregation; IgG1 protein ID GROWTH-HORMONE HGH; DRYING-INDUCED VARIATIONS; SOLID-STATE CHEMISTRY; MOLECULAR MOBILITY; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; ENTHALPY RELAXATION; GLASS-TRANSITION; CHEMICAL-STABILITY; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; DISACCHARIDE FORMULATIONS AB The objective of this research was to investigate the impact of thermal treatment on storage stability of an IgG1 fusion protein. IgG1 protein formulations were prepared by freeze-drying the protein with sucrose. Some samples were used as controls, and others were subjected to a further heat treatment (annealing). The protein structure was investigated with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and protein aggregation was monitored with size exclusion HPLC. Enthalpy recovery was studied using DSC, and global mobility represented by the structural relaxation time constant (tau(beta)) was characterized by a thermal activity monitor (TAM). The local mobility of the protein system was monitored by both (13)C solid-state NMR and neutron backscattering. Annealing increased the storage stability of the protein, as shown by the smaller aggregation rate and less total aggregation at the end of a storage period. The structural relaxation time constant of an annealed sample was significantly higher than the unannealed control sample, suggesting a decrease in global mobility of the protein system upon annealing. However, annealing does not significantly impact the protein secondary structure or the local mobility. Given the similar protein native structure and specific surface area, the improved stability upon annealing is mainly a result of reduced global molecular mobility. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 99:683-700, 2010 C1 [Wang, Bingquan; Pikal, Michael J.] Univ Connecticut, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Cicerone, Marcus T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Aso, Yukio] Natl Inst Hlth Sci, Tokyo 1588501, Japan. RP Pikal, MJ (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM michael.pikal@uconn.edu FU Dane O. Kildsig Center for Pharmaceutical Processing Research (CPPR); National Institute of Standards and Technology; U.S. Department of Commerce; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX The authors are grateful to Dane O. Kildsig Center for Pharmaceutical Processing Research (CPPR) for financial support. The authors would like to thank Dr. S. Yoshioka for the facilitation of the NMR work, and Dr. S. Tchessalov for experimental assistance and discussions. Also we acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. NR 65 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 29 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0022-3549 J9 J PHARM SCI-US JI J. Pharm. Sci. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 99 IS 2 BP 683 EP 700 DI 10.1002/jps.21960 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 550FQ UT WOS:000274114100014 PM 19798764 ER PT J AU Boettinger, WJ McFadden, GB AF Boettinger, W. J. McFadden, G. B. TI Bending of a Bimetallic Beam Due to the Kirkendall Effect SO JOURNAL OF PHASE EQUILIBRIA AND DIFFUSION LA English DT Article DE binary diffusion; diffusion couples; diffusion modeling; Kirkendall effect; metallic alloys; modeling ID DIFFUSION COUPLES; DEFORMATION; STRESSES AB The time-dependent bending of single-phase and two-phase bimetal strips due to interdiffusion is computed. The model couples simple beam theory and diffusion with bending due to the creation and/or annihilation of vacancies necessitated by unequal lattice diffusion rates of the two metals. The single-phase analysis employs a Fourier method for the diffusion analysis and predicts a beam curvature that is initially proportional to time and later reaches a constant value. The two-phase analysis, which involves a moving interphase boundary, employs an error function solution for the diffusion problem to model early times and a numerical solution for later time. Unlike the single-phase results, linear behavior is obtained at early time only if the original interface is centered in the beam. In general, the curvature initially is proportional to the square root of time. The numerical solution gives the gradual transition of the curvature to a constant value at late time. In some cases, nonmonotonic time dependence is obtained for the curvature for the two-phase beam. C1 [Boettinger, W. J.] NIST, Div Met, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [McFadden, G. B.] NIST, Computat Sci Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Boettinger, WJ (reprint author), NIST, Div Met, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wboettinger@nist.gov RI McFadden, Geoffrey/A-7920-2008 OI McFadden, Geoffrey/0000-0001-6723-2103 NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1547-7037 J9 J PHASE EQUILIB DIFF JI J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 31 IS 1 BP 6 EP 14 DI 10.1007/s11669-009-9609-8 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 553YP UT WOS:000274403000003 ER PT J AU Holtermann, KE Bates, SS Trainer, VL Odell, A Armbrust, EV AF Holtermann, Karie E. Bates, Stephen S. Trainer, Vera L. Odell, Anthony Armbrust, E. Virginia TI MASS SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN THE TOXIGENIC DIATOMS PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA AUSTRALIS AND P-PUNGENS (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE) ON THE WASHINGTON COAST, USA SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE auxospore; domoic acid; P. australis; P. pungens; Pseudo-nitzschia; sexual reproduction; Washington State ID DOMOIC ACID PRODUCTION; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS; DITYLUM-BRIGHTWELLII; AUXOSPORE FORMATION; PENNATE DIATOMS; SIZE-REDUCTION; DYNAMICS; BLOOM; MULTISTRIATA; EVOLUTIONARY AB Sexual reproduction is documented for the first time in field populations of the pennate diatoms Pseudo-nitzschia australis Freng. and P. pungens (Grunow ex Cleve) Hasle (var. cingulata Villac and hybrids between var. cingulata and var. pungens). A bloom dominated by these species began on June 26, 2006, along Kalaloch Beach, Washington, USA, coincident with a drop in the Si(OH)(4):NO(3) ratio to below two. Multimodal size distributions were detected for both species, and synchronous auxosporulation occurred within the smallest size class during a 3-week window. Auxospores and initial cells created a new class of large cells, and cells in the intermediate size classes increased in abundance during auxosporulation. Mating cells of both species were attached to colonies of surf-zone diatoms. Paired gametangia, gametes, zygotes, auxospores, and large initial cells were found. Auxosporulation began first for P. pungens (June 30), apparently once a critical, high cell concentration was reached, followed by P. australis (July 5), when the total Pseudo-nitzschia cell concentration reached 929,000 cells . L(-1). Low frequencies of auxosporulation occurred throughout the bloom but increased 4-fold for P. australis and 3-fold for P. pungens when macronutrients were reduced to low levels on July 11. A 2-year life cycle was estimated for P. australis and 3 years for P. pungens, both with annual auxosporulation. Domoic acid (DA) in razor clams reached a maximum of 38 mu g DA . g(-1) on July 18. A significant relationship existed between the percent of cells within the new size range and DA concentrations in razor clams on the same beach. C1 [Holtermann, Karie E.; Armbrust, E. Virginia] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bates, Stephen S.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Gulf Fisheries Ctr, Moncton, NB E1C 9B6, Canada. [Trainer, Vera L.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Odell, Anthony] Univ Washington, Olymp Nat Resources Ctr, Forks, WA 98331 USA. RP Armbrust, EV (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Box 357940, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM armbrust@ocean.washington.edu FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; NIEHS Center for Human Health and Oceans at the University of Washington; NOAA's West Coast Center for Oceans and Human Health; WCCOHH [36] FX We gratefully acknowledge: the Olympic Region Harmful Algal Bloom (ORHAB) program and, in particular, Carla Stehr, Shelly Nance, Nick Adams, Brian Bill, and Sheryl Day (NOAA's Northwest Fisheries Science Center); Alan Sarich (ORHAB, WDFW technician); Ed Bowlby and Mary Sue Brancato (Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary) for mooring array data; Frank Cox, Jerry Borchert, and Harold Rourke (WDOH) for shellfish DA analyses; Gerr-Anne Kern (Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County) for assistance with SEM; and Rita Horner for helpful suggestions. This research was supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Marine Microbiology Initiative Investigator Award (E. V. A.), the NIEHS Center for Human Health and Oceans at the University of Washington (E. V. A.), NOAA's West Coast Center for Oceans and Human Health (WCCOHH) (V. L. T.), and a surcharge to Washington State shellfish licenses to ORHAB (A. O.). We thank Monica Orellana, Carla Stehr, Louis Hanic, Greta Fryxell, and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. This is WCCOHH publication #36. NR 45 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 46 IS 1 BP 41 EP 52 DI 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2009.00792.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 546PN UT WOS:000273822800005 ER PT J AU Williams, WJ Weingartner, TJ Hermann, AJ AF Williams, William J. Weingartner, Thomas J. Hermann, Albert J. TI Idealized Two-Dimensional Modeling of a Coastal Buoyancy Front, or River Plume, under Downwelling-Favorable Wind Forcing with Application to the Alaska Coastal Current SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GEOSTROPHIC BAROCLINIC STABILITY; FRESH-WATER DISCHARGE; OCEANIC FRONTS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; GULF; SURFACE; FLOW; PARAMETERIZATION; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION AB The cross-shelf structure of a buoyancy-driven coastal current, such as produced by a river plume, is modeled in a two-dimensional cross-shelf slice as a "wide" geostrophically balanced buoyancy front. Downwelling-favorable wind stress applied to this front leads to advection in the surface and bottom boundary layers that causes the front to become steeper so that it eventually reaches a steep quasi-steady state. This final state is either convecting, stable and steady, or stable and oscillatory depending on D/delta(*) and b(y)/f(2), where D is bottom depth, delta(*) is an Ekman depth, b(y) is the cross-shelf buoyancy gradient, and f is the Coriolis parameter. Descriptions of the cross-shelf circulation patterns are given and a scaling is presented for the isopycnal slope. The results potentially apply to the Alaska Coastal Current, which experiences strong, persistent downwelling-favorable wind stress during winter, but also likely have application to river plumes subjected to downwelling-favorable wind stress. C1 [Williams, William J.; Weingartner, Thomas J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Hermann, Albert J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Williams, WJ (reprint author), Inst Ocean Sci, 9860 W Saanich Rd, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. EM Bill.Williams@dfo-mpo.gc.ca FU North Pacific Marine Research Program (NPMR); GLOBEC Northeast Pacific Program; UAF Paper Completion Fellowship FX I would like to acknowledge Kate Hedstrom for many helpful discussions on numerical modeling and the use of ROMS. This research was funded through the North Pacific Marine Research Program (NPMR), the GLOBEC Northeast Pacific Program, and a UAF Paper Completion Fellowship. The numerical modeling was performed at the Artic Region Supercomputing Center (ARSC). NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 40 IS 2 BP 279 EP 294 DI 10.1175/2009JPO4206.1 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 552YC UT WOS:000274330200002 ER PT J AU de Boer, AM Gnanadesikan, A Edwards, NR Watson, AJ AF de Boer, Agatha M. Gnanadesikan, Anand Edwards, Neil R. Watson, Andrew J. TI Meridional Density Gradients Do Not Control the Atlantic Overturning Circulation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; OCEAN CIRCULATION; MULTIPLE EQUILIBRIA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WIND STRESS; BOX MODEL; TRANSPORT; SENSITIVITY; MECHANISMS; STABILITY AB A wide body of modeling and theoretical scaling studies support the concept that changes to the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), whether forced by winds or buoyancy fluxes, can be understood in terms of a simple causative relation between the AMOC and an appropriately defined meridional density gradient (MDG). The MDG is supposed to translate directly into a meridional pressure gradient. Here two sets of experiments are performed using a modular ocean model coupled to an energy-moisture balance model in which the positive AMOC-MDGrelation breaks down. In the first suite of seven model integrations it is found that increasing winds in the Southern Ocean cause an increase in overturning while the surface density difference between the equator and North Atlantic drops. In the second suite of eight model integrations the equation of state is manipulated so that the density is calculated at the model temperature plus an artificial increment Delta T that ranges from 23 degrees to 9 degrees C. (An increase in Delta T results in increased sensitivity of density to temperature gradients.) The AMOC in these model integrations drops as the MDG increases regardless of whether the density difference is computed at the surface or averaged over the upper ocean. Traditional scaling analysis can only produce this weaker AMOC if the scale depth decreases enough to compensate for the stronger MDG. Five estimates of the depth scale are evaluated and it is found that the changes in the AMOC can be derived from scaling analysis when using the depth of the maximum overturning circulation or estimates thereof but not from the pycnocline depth. These two depth scales are commonly assumed to be the same in theoretical models of the AMOC. It is suggested that the correlation between the MDG and AMOC breaks down in these model integrations because the depth and strength of the AMOC is influenced strongly by remote forcing such as Southern Ocean winds and Antarctic Bottom Water formation. C1 [de Boer, Agatha M.; Watson, Andrew J.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Gnanadesikan, Anand] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Edwards, Neil R.] Open Univ, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. RP de Boer, AM (reprint author), Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. EM a.deboer@uea.ac.uk RI Gnanadesikan, Anand/A-2397-2008; De Boer, Agatha/H-4202-2012 OI Gnanadesikan, Anand/0000-0001-5784-1116; De Boer, Agatha/0000-0002-3943-7694 FU NERC [NE/D001803/1]; Princeton Cooperative Institute for Climate Science FX Discussions with Robert Toggweiler and KevinOliver were very helpful. This work was partly funded by NERC Quaternary Quest Fellowship NE/D001803/1 and by the Princeton Cooperative Institute for Climate Science. Neil R. Edwards acknowledges funding from the NERC RAPID program. NR 47 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 40 IS 2 BP 368 EP 380 DI 10.1175/2009JPO4200.1 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 552YC UT WOS:000274330200008 ER PT J AU Mickett, JB Serra, YL Cronin, MF Alford, MH AF Mickett, John B. Serra, Yolande L. Cronin, Meghan F. Alford, Matthew H. TI Resonant Forcing of Mixed Layer Inertial Motions by Atmospheric Easterly Waves in the Northeast Tropical Pacific SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SYNOPTIC-SCALE DISTURBANCES; UPPER-OCEAN RESPONSE; ENERGY FLUX; BOUNDARY-LAYER; WARM POOL; PART I; WIND; ITCZ; ATLANTIC AB Westward-propagating atmospheric easterly waves contribute to much of the variability of the low-level wind fields within the northeast tropical Pacific. With the dominant period of these waves (3-5 days) close to the local inertial period (2.4 days at 12 degrees N to 5.7 days at 5 degrees N), there is the expectation that the associated winds may resonantly force mixed layer inertial motions in this region. The authors test this hypothesis using a simple slab model and roughly 41/2 yr of wind data from four NOAA Tropical Atmosphere Ocean/Eastern Pacific Investigation of Climate Processes (TAO/EPIC) buoys along 95 degrees W at 12 degrees, 10 degrees, 8 degrees, and 5 degrees N. The degree of resonance is determined by comparing model simulations using observed wind stress with simulations forced with reversed-rotation wind stress. Results strongly indicate that Pacific easterly waves (PEWs) resonantly force inertial motions in the region. This resonance shows both significant seasonality and latitudinal dependence that appears to be related to the meridional position and intensity of the PEWs. North of the zonal axis of the mean track of the PEWs, the low-level winds associated with the waves rotate predominantly clockwise with time and resonantly force mixed layer inertial motions. South of this axis, the winds rotate counterclockwise, resulting in dissonant (antiresonant) forcing. As this axis migrates annually from about 4 degrees N during the boreal winter/spring to a maximum northerly position of about 8 degrees-10 degrees N in the late boreal summer/early fall, the region of strongest resonance follows, consistently remaining to its north. Model output suggests that resonant forcing results in roughly 10%-25% greater net annual flux of kinetic energy from the wind to mixed layer inertial motions than in neutral or nonresonant conditions. This finding has strong implications for mixed layer properties, air-sea coupling, and the generation of near- inertial internal waves. C1 [Mickett, John B.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Serra, Yolande L.] Univ Arizona, Inst Atmospher Phys, Tucson, AZ USA. [Cronin, Meghan F.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Alford, Matthew H.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Mickett, JB (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, 1013 NE 40th St, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM jmickett@apl.washington.edu RI Serra, Yolande/I-3457-2015 OI Serra, Yolande/0000-0003-3542-1158 FU NOAA FX ECMWF ERA-interim data used in this study have generously been provided by ECMWF. This research was supported by the NOAA Climate Prediction Program for the Americas. The authors also wish to thank the two anonymous reviewers, whose comments helped to clarify and strengthen the manuscript. NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 40 IS 2 BP 401 EP 416 DI 10.1175/2009JPO4276.1 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 552YC UT WOS:000274330200011 ER PT J AU Tabb, DL Vega-Montoto, L Rudnick, PA Variyath, AM Ham, AJL Bunk, DM Kilpatrick, LE Billheimer, DD Blackman, RK Cardasis, HL Carr, SA Clauser, KR Jaffe, JD Kowalski, KA Neubert, TA Regnier, FE Schilling, B Tegeler, TJ Wang, M Wang, P Whiteaker, JR Zimmerman, LJ Fisher, SJ Gibson, BW Kinsinger, CR Mesri, M Rodriguez, H Stein, SE Tempst, P Paulovich, AG Liebler, DC Spiegelman, C AF Tabb, David L. Vega-Montoto, Lorenzo Rudnick, Paul A. Variyath, Asokan Mulayath Ham, Amy-Joan L. Bunk, David M. Kilpatrick, Lisa E. Billheimer, Dean D. Blackman, Ronald K. Cardasis, Helene L. Carr, Steven A. Clauser, Karl R. Jaffe, Jacob D. Kowalski, Kevin A. Neubert, Thomas A. Regnier, Fred E. Schilling, Birgit Tegeler, Tony J. Wang, Mu Wang, Pei Whiteaker, Jeffrey R. Zimmerman, Lisa J. Fisher, Susan J. Gibson, Bradford W. Kinsinger, Christopher R. Mesri, Mehdi Rodriguez, Henry Stein, Stephen E. Tempst, Paul Paulovich, Amanda G. Liebler, Daniel C. Spiegelman, Cliff TI Repeatability and Reproducibility in Proteomic Identifications by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sampling; repeatability; reproducibility; biomarkers; complexity ID LARGE-SCALE PROTEOMICS; PEPTIDE IDENTIFICATIONS; SHOTGUN PROTEOMICS; PROTEINS; MS/MS; MODEL; LABORATORIES; SENSITIVITY; ACQUISITION; TECHNOLOGY AB The complexity of proteomic instrumentation for LC-MS/MS introduces many possible sources of variability. Data-dependent sampling of peptides constitutes a stochastic element at the heart of discovery proteomics. Although this variation impacts the identification of peptides, proteomic identifications are far from completely random. In this study, we analyzed interlaboratory data sets from the NO Clinical Proteomic Technology Assessment for Cancer to examine repeatability and reproducibility in peptide and protein identifications. Included data spanned 144 LC-MS/MS experiments on four Thermo LTQ and four Orbitrap instruments. Samples included yeast lysate, the NCI-20 defined dynamic range protein mix, and the Sigma UPS 1 defined equimolar protein mix. Some of our findings reinforced conventional wisdom, such as repeatability and reproducibility being higher for proteins than for peptides. Most lessons from the data, however, were more subtle. Orbitraps proved capable of higher repeatability and reproducibility, but aberrant performance occasionally erased these gains. Even the simplest protein digestions yielded more peptide ions than LC-MS/MS could identify during a single experiment. We observed that peptide lists from pairs of technical replicates overlapped by 35-60%, giving a range for peptide-level repeatability in these experiments. Sample complexity did not appear to affect peptide identification repeatability, even as numbers of identified spectra changed by an order of magnitude. Statistical analysis of protein spectral counts revealed greater stability across technical replicates for Orbitraps, making them superior to LTQ instruments for biomarker candidate discovery. The most repeatable peptides were those corresponding to conventional tryptic cleavage sites, those that produced intense MS signals, and those that resulted from proteins generating many distinct peptides. Reproducibility among different instruments of the same type lagged behind repeatability of technical replicates on a single instrument by several percent. These findings reinforce the importance of evaluating repeatability as a fundamental characteristic of analytical technologies. C1 [Tabb, David L.] Vanderbilt Univ, U9211, Learned Lab, MRB 3,Med Ctr, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Vega-Montoto, Lorenzo; Variyath, Asokan Mulayath; Spiegelman, Cliff] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Rudnick, Paul A.; Bunk, David M.; Stein, Stephen E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kilpatrick, Lisa E.] NIST, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Billheimer, Dean D.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Blackman, Ronald K.; Carr, Steven A.; Clauser, Karl R.; Jaffe, Jacob D.] MIT & Harvard, Broad Inst, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. [Cardasis, Helene L.; Neubert, Thomas A.] NYU, Sch Med, Skirball Inst, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Kowalski, Kevin A.; Regnier, Fred E.] Purdue Univ, Bindley Biosci Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Schilling, Birgit; Gibson, Bradford W.] Buck Inst Age Res, Novato, CA 94945 USA. [Tegeler, Tony J.; Wang, Mu] Monarch Life Sci, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Wang, Pei; Whiteaker, Jeffrey R.; Paulovich, Amanda G.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Fisher, Susan J.] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Kinsinger, Christopher R.; Mesri, Mehdi; Rodriguez, Henry] NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Tempst, Paul] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, New York, NY 10065 USA. RP Tabb, DL (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, U9211, Learned Lab, MRB 3,Med Ctr, 465 S 21st Ave, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. RI Vega-Montoto, Lorenzo/B-9035-2017; OI Vega-Montoto, Lorenzo/0000-0002-4096-1100; Tempst, Paul/0000-0002-6680-3987; Liebler, Daniel/0000-0002-7873-3031 FU National Cancer Institute [U24 CA126476, U24 126477, U24 126480, U24 CA126485, U24 126479]; National Cancer Institute and the National Institute of Standards and Technology; National Cancer Institute through SAIC to Texas AM University FX This work was supported by grants from the National Cancer Institute (U24 CA126476, U24 126477, U24 126480, U24 CA126485, and U24 126479), part of NCI Clinical Proteomic Technologies for Cancer (hup://proteomics. cancer.gov) initiative. A component of this initiative is the Clinical Proteomic Technology Assessment for Cancer (CPTAC) teams that include the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (with the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, the University of Victoria and the Plasma Proteome Institute); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (with the Skirball Institute at New York University); Purdue University (with Monarch life Sciences, Indiana University, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis and the Hoosier Oncology Group); University of California, San Francisco (with the Buck Institute for Age Research, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the University of British Columbia and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center); and Vanderbdt University School of Medicine (with the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, the University of Washington and the University of Arizona). An interagency agreement between the National Cancer Institute and the National Institute of Standards and Technology also provided important support. Contracts from National Cancer Institute through SAIC to Texas A&M University funded statistical support for this work. NR 33 TC 172 Z9 176 U1 2 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 9 IS 2 BP 761 EP 776 DI 10.1021/pr9006365 PG 16 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 552EA UT WOS:000274269400014 PM 19921851 ER PT J AU Zhang, H Wang, MH AF Zhang, Hao Wang, Menghua TI Evaluation of sun glint models using MODIS measurements SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric and ocean optics; Sun glint; Aerosols; Satellite remote sensing ID AEROSOL OPTICAL-THICKNESS; OCEAN-COLOR SENSORS; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; RADIANCE; SCATTERING; SATELLITE; SEAWIFS; REFLECTANCE; INSTRUMENT AB To understand the performance of various sun glint models, we have carried out comparison studies with measurements from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS) for several popular sun glitter models, including the Cox-Munk models, Ebuchi-Kizu models, Breon-Henriot models, etc., over the open oceans using MODIS data at the near-infrared (NIR) (859 nm) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands (1240 and 2130 nm). Sun glint models with and without a wind direction dependence were evaluated. To obtain the MODIS-measured glint reflectance from the total reflectance at the top of the atmosphere, we performed atmospheric corrections to remove the effects of atmospheric absorption as well as radiance contributions from molecules (Rayleigh scattering) and aerosols. We have selected 12 MODIS sun glint scenes over various open ocean regions for this study. Our results indicate that overall, the Cox-Munk [1] model with the wind direction dependence has the best performance in terms of correlation coefficients with the MODIS measurements. The Breon-Henriot [8] model performed similarly as from the Cox-Munk model as two models are in fact very close. Findings from these evaluations can improve our ability to accurately remove the sun glint contamination in MODIS imagery and produce robust satellite ocean color and atmosphere products. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Zhang, Hao; Wang, Menghua] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Zhang, Hao] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wang, MH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E-RA3,Room 102,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM menghua.wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010; Zhang, Hao/C-1704-2009 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125; Zhang, Hao/0000-0003-2902-1887 FU NOAA; NASA FX This research was supported by the NOAA and NASA funding and grants. We thank three anonymous reviewers for their useful comments. The MODIS L1B data were obtained from NASA/GSFC MODAPS Services website. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 33 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 111 IS 3 BP 492 EP 506 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2009.10.001 PG 15 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 547TZ UT WOS:000273913600017 ER PT J AU Filliben, JJ Simiu, E AF Filliben, J. J. Simiu, E. TI Tall Building Response Parameters: Sensitivity Study Based on Orthogonal Factorial Experiment Design Technique SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB This work has two objectives. The first objective is to introduce structural engineers to the experiment design technique, whose future applications may include, for example, the total response of tall buildings, the strength reserve of statically indeterminate structures with nonlinear behavior, for which the duration of each run is large, and the aerodynamic response of a structure under a flow with a variety of simulated flow parameters. The second objective is to show, by using the experiment design technique, that wind load factors for tall buildings depend significantly upon uncertainties with respect to the natural frequencies of vibration and the damping ratios. Because this dependence is disregarded in the ASCE 7-05 Standard, wind load factors specified therein can lead to safety levels that are significantly lower for flexible buildings than for rigid buildings. An unexpected result of the study is that estimates of wind effects based on peak gust speeds entail nonnegligible errors. Consideration should therefore be given to replacing peak gust speeds by sustained wind speeds. C1 [Filliben, J. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Stat Modeling & Anal Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM james.filliben@nist.gov; emil.simiu@nist.gov NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE PD FEB PY 2010 VL 136 IS 2 BP 160 EP 164 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2010)136:2(160) PG 5 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 547LL UT WOS:000273889900005 ER PT J AU Collins, MJ AF Collins, Mathias J. TI EVIDENCE FOR CHANGING FLOOD RISK IN NEW ENGLAND SINCE THE LATE 20TH CENTURY (vol 45, pg 279, 2009) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Correction C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Restorat Ctr, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. RP Collins, MJ (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Restorat Ctr, 55 Great Republ Dr, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. EM Mathias.Collins@noaa.gov OI Collins, Mathias/0000-0003-4238-2038 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 46 IS 1 BP 199 EP 199 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00411.x PG 1 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 550ZY UT WOS:000274175400018 ER PT J AU Kim, MS Pratt, JR AF Kim, Min-Seok Pratt, Jon R. TI SI traceability: Current status and future trends for forces below 10 microNewtons SO MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE MicroNewton; NanoNewton; PicoNewton; Instrumented indentation; Atomic force microscope; Piezoresistive cantilever; Micro-cantilever ID CANTILEVER SPRING CONSTANTS; PIEZORESISTIVE CANTILEVERS; NANOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS; MICROSCOPE CANTILEVERS; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; OPTICAL TWEEZERS; DNA-MOLECULES; CALIBRATION; METROLOGY; STANDARD AB Measurements related to nano- and micro-scale science, technology, and manufacturing are pushing the limits of detectable mechanical, electrical, and chemical quantities to ever smaller values, raising questions about traceability on such scales. The case in small force measurement is illustrative. At present, the mechanical unit of force is linked to the International Prototype Kilogram, or a deadweight force of nearly 10 N. Although known with exquisite accuracy on this scale, such a mass-based force standard is of little use to investigators and manufacturers using instruments that can determine quantities twelve orders of magnitude smaller. Recognizing this situation, the world congress of the International Measurement Confederation (IMEKO) convened a round table of researchers from National Metrology Institutes representing the US, Europe, and Asia to provide an overview of the emerging field of low-force metrology. This paper captures the information shared in that round table and amplifies on its content. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Pratt, Jon R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kim, Min-Seok] Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Taejon, South Korea. RP Pratt, JR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jon.pratt@nist.gov NR 99 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-2241 J9 MEASUREMENT JI Measurement PD FEB PY 2010 VL 43 IS 2 BP 169 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.measurement.2009.09.005 PG 14 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 547BZ UT WOS:000273861700003 ER PT J AU Li, YQ Li, DJ Yang, S Liu, C Zhong, AH Li, Y AF Li, Yueqing Li, Dejun Yang, Song Liu, Cao Zhong, Aihua Li, Ying TI Characteristics of the precipitation over the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LATENT HEATING PROFILES; TRMM PR DATA; HEAVY PRECIPITATION; SPECTRAL RETRIEVAL; TRENDS; CIRCULATION; PROBABILITY; INDICATORS; INTENSITY; ALGORITHM AB Variations of precipitation over the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau are analyzed by using data over station Yaan including daytime, nighttime, and daily-mean precipitation and satellite-derived information. A comparison of some features over Yaan and other stations is also carried out. Over Yaan, light-moderate precipitation contributes significantly to both the number of rainy days (96.9%) and the amount (66.9%) of total precipitation. The light-moderate precipitation occurs more frequently at nighttime than at daytime (by 44.5 days, or 33.4%, and by 520.6 mm, or 134.4%, each year), and the nighttime precipitation is mainly in the form of light-moderate precipitation. The number of rainy days and the amount of total precipitation have decreased from the 1950s to the 1970s and during the recent 20 years, associated with negative trends of light-moderate precipitation. Similar features are also found in the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite data. Local convective precipitation is the main form of the light-moderate precipitation over Yaan. The absorption of latent heat at the lower troposphere and the release of latent heat at the upper troposphere are larger at nighttime than at daytime by 1-2 times and 2-3 times, respectively. Both the peak value and the total release of latent heat over Yaan are significantly larger than those over the Tibetan Plateau, eastern China, and the western Pacific warm pool. These distinct local characteristics of the "rain city" Yaan are closely related to the interaction between the atmospheric circulation and the steep topography on the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. C1 [Li, Yueqing; Li, Dejun; Liu, Cao; Zhong, Aihua; Li, Ying] China Meteorol Adm, Inst Plateau Meteorol, Chengdu 610072, Peoples R China. [Yang, Song] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Li, YQ (reprint author), China Meteorol Adm, Inst Plateau Meteorol, Chengdu 610072, Peoples R China. EM yueqingli@163.com; Song.Yang@noaa.gov RI Yang, Song/B-4952-2009 FU US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; China Meteorological Administration; Key laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education [KLME05012]; Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2007DFB20210]; Sichuan Province of China [2008NG0009] FX Yueqing Li, partially supported by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the China Meteorological Administration bilateral program, thanks NOAA's Climate Prediction Center for hosting his visit when this study was finished. The authors thank Dr. Song Yang of the NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service for helpful discussions. This research was also jointly supported by the programs No. KLME05012 from Key laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education, 2007DFB20210 from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, "PBL Experiment of Key Areas at the Eastern Tibetan Plateau and its Downstream'' from the Innovation Base of Numerical Model of China Meteorological Administration, and 2008NG0009 from Sichuan Province of China. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 10 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 106 IS 1-2 BP 49 EP 56 DI 10.1007/s00703-009-0048-1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 543QP UT WOS:000273593600004 ER PT J AU Yao, C Qian, WH Yang, S Lin, ZM AF Yao, Cai Qian, Weihong Yang, Song Lin, Zhengmin TI Regional features of precipitation over Asia and summer extreme precipitation over Southeast Asia and their associations with atmospheric-oceanic conditions SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RAINFALL VARIABILITY; TIBETAN PLATEAU; EAST-ASIA; MONSOON; CLIMATE; CHINA; PREDICTION; SNOW; CIRCULATION; SURFACE AB The variations of both total and extreme precipitations over Asia are characterized by large regional features and seasonality. Extreme precipitation mainly occurs in summer and then in autumn over South Asia but it is a prominent phenomenon in all seasons over Southeast Asia. It explains above 40% of the total precipitation in winter over India, while the ratio of extreme precipitation to total precipitation is 30% or smaller in all seasons over southern-central China. Over Southeast Asia, the largest ratio appears in winter. The extreme precipitation over Southeast Asia (EPSEA) exhibits significant positive trends in all seasons except autumn. The long-term increase in summer EPSEA is associated with significant surface warming over extratropical Asia and the Indo-Pacific oceans and linked to a large-scale anomalous cyclonic pattern over Southeast Asia. An increase in de-trended summer EPSEA is associated with less significant surface warming. However, it is still clearly linked to an anomalous cyclonic pattern over Southeast Asia, contributed by intensifications of monsoon flow from the west, trade wind from the east, and cross-equatorial flow over Indonesia. The antecedent features of increased summer EPSEA include an overall warming over the tropical-subtropical northern hemisphere and an anomalous cyclonic pattern over Southeast Asia in winter and spring. When the large-scale Asian monsoon (measured by the Webster-Yang monsoon index) or the South Asian monsoon is strong, summer extreme precipitation mainly increases over tropical Asia. When monsoon is strong over Southeast Asia or East Asia, extreme precipitation increases over Southeast Asia and decreases over East Asia. A strong summer monsoon over Southeast Asia or East Asia is also followed by decreased autumn extreme precipitation over Southeast Asia. C1 [Yao, Cai; Qian, Weihong] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Monsoon & Environm Res Grp, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Yang, Song] NOAAs Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Lin, Zhengmin] Guangxi Meteorol Bur, Inst Meteorol Disaster Reduct, Nanning, Guangxi, Peoples R China. RP Qian, WH (reprint author), Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Monsoon & Environm Res Grp, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM qianwh@pku.edu.cn RI Yang, Song/B-4952-2009 NR 49 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 24 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 106 IS 1-2 BP 57 EP 73 DI 10.1007/s00703-009-0052-5 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 543QP UT WOS:000273593600005 ER PT J AU Gao, ST Li, XF AF Gao, Shouting Li, Xiaofan TI Effects of time-dependent large-scale forcing, solar zenith angle, and sea surface temperature on time-mean tropical rainfall processes SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DEEP CONVECTIVE REGIME; SOUTH CHINA SEA; DIURNAL-VARIATIONS; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; EQUILIBRIUM STATES; FRONTAL RAINBANDS; CLOUD SYSTEMS; TOGA COARE; PHASE-III; RADIATION AB Effects of time-dependent large-scale forcing (LSF), solar zenith angle (SZA), and sea surface temperature (SST) on time-mean rainfall processes during Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE) are examined by conducting a control experiment and a series of sensitivity experiments with a two-dimensional cloud-resolving model. The model is forced by time-dependent LSF, SZA, and SST in the control experiment. The sensitivity experiments are forced only by either time-dependent LSF, or SZA, or SST while others are replaced with their time averages. When the model is imposed by time-dependent LSF, time dependence of SZA and SST has no discernable effect on surface rainfall, but it affects rainfall processes. The rainfall is reduced by 15% when the time-dependent LSF is replaced by its time mean. The reduction of rainfall is associated with the suppression of water vapor convergence as a result of low correlation between upward motion and water vapor variation. C1 [Gao, Shouting] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Lab Cloud Precipitat Phys & Severe Storms LACS, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiaofan] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Gao, ST (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Lab Cloud Precipitat Phys & Severe Storms LACS, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM gst@lasg.iap.ac.cn RI Li, Xiaofan/F-5605-2010; Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014 FU National Key Basic Research and Development Project of China [2004CB418301]; National Natural Sciences Foundation of China [40775031]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [KCL14014]; "Outstanding Oversea Scholars" project [2005-2-17] FX The authors thank Prof. M. Zhang, The State University of New York at Stony brook, for his TOGA COARE forcing data and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. This work was supported by the National Key Basic Research and Development Project of China No. 2004CB418301, the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China under the Grant No. 40775031, the Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No. KCL14014 and "Outstanding Oversea Scholars" project No. 2005-2-17. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 106 IS 1-2 BP 95 EP 105 DI 10.1007/s00703-009-0053-4 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 543QP UT WOS:000273593600007 ER PT J AU Parker, TE AF Parker, Thomas E. TI Long-term comparison of caesium fountain primary frequency standards SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID ACCURACY EVALUATION; DEAD-TIME; UNCERTAINTY; NIST-F1; IMPACT AB There are currently nine caesium fountain primary frequency standards regularly reporting calibrations of International Atomic Time to the Bureau International des Poids et Measures (BIPM). An investigation has been carried out using data from the BIPM publication Circular T to evaluate the frequency differences among these standards and to determine whether these offsets are consistent with the stated uncertainties. The fractional frequency uncertainties of some Cs fountains are now in the range of 4 x 10 (16) to 5 x 10 (16). The results of this investigation show that the standards agree well with each other. An overall estimate of the caesium frequency is made using the weighted mean of all the fountains. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Parker, TE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM tparker@boulder.nist.gov NR 26 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD FEB PY 2010 VL 47 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/47/1/001 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 545KL UT WOS:000273730800001 ER PT J AU Prokhorov, AV Hanssen, LM AF Prokhorov, Alexander V. Hanssen, Leonard M. TI Effective emissivity of a cylindrical cavity with an inclined bottom: II. Non-isothermal cavity SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article AB An algorithm of the Monte Carlo method applied to the computation of the spectral and total effective emissivity of a specular-diffuse, non-isothermal blackbody cavity formed by a cylindrical tube and a flat inclined bottom is described. The effect of cavity wall temperature non-uniformity on the cavity radiation characteristics is studied for various combinations of the affecting parameters. C1 [Prokhorov, Alexander V.; Hanssen, Leonard M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Prokhorov, AV (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM leonard.hanssen@nist.gov NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD FEB PY 2010 VL 47 IS 1 BP 33 EP 46 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/47/1/005 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 545KL UT WOS:000273730800005 ER PT J AU Marinenko, RB Turner, S Simons, DS Rabb, SA Zeisler, RL Yu, LL Newbury, DE Paul, RL Ritchie, NWM Leigh, SD Winchester, MR Richter, LJ Meier, DC Scott, KCK Klinedinst, D Small, JA AF Marinenko, Ryna B. Turner, Shirley Simons, David S. Rabb, Savelas A. Zeisler, Rolf L. Yu, Lee L. Newbury, Dale E. Paul, Rick L. Ritchie, Nicholas W. M. Leigh, Stefan D. Winchester, Michael R. Richter, Lee J. Meier, Douglas C. Scott, Keana C. K. Klinedinst, Donna Small, John A. TI Characterization of SiGe Films for Use as a National Institute of Standards and Technology Microanalysis Reference Material (RM 8905) SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE EPMA; electron probe microanalysis; heterogeneity; microanalysis reference materials; microelectronics; microheterogeneity; SiGe films; SiGe technology ID ICP-OES; ELECTRON; ACCURACY; PROGRAM; NIST AB Bulk silicon-germanium (SiGe) alloys and two SiGe thick films (4 and 5 mu m) on Si wafers were tested with the electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) using wavelength dispersive spectrometers (WDS) for heterogeneity and composition for use as reference materials needed by the microelectronics industry. One alloy with a nominal composition Of Si(0.86)Ge(0.14) and the two thick films with nominal compositions of Si(0.90)Ge(0.10) and Si(0.75)Ge(0.25) on Si, evaluated for micro- and macroheterogeneity, will make good microanalysis reference materials with an overall expanded heterogeneity uncertainty of 1.1% relative or less for Ge. The bulk Ge composition in the Si(0.86)Ge(0.14) alloy was determined to be 30.228% mass fraction Ge with an expanded uncertainty of the mean of 0.195% mass fraction. The thick films were quantified with WDS-EPMA using both the Si(0.86)Ge(0.14), alloy and element wafers as reference materials. The Ge concentration was determined to be 22.80% mass fraction with an expanded uncertainty of the mean of 0.12% mass fraction for the Si(0.90)Ge(0.10) wafer and 43.66% mass fraction for the Si(0.75)Ge(0.25) wafer with an expanded uncertainty of the mean of 0.25% mass fraction. The two thick SiGe films will be issued as National Institute of Standards and Technology Reference Materials (RM 8905). C1 [Marinenko, Ryna B.; Turner, Shirley; Simons, David S.; Newbury, Dale E.; Ritchie, Nicholas W. M.; Richter, Lee J.; Meier, Douglas C.; Scott, Keana C. K.; Klinedinst, Donna; Small, John A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rabb, Savelas A.; Zeisler, Rolf L.; Yu, Lee L.; Paul, Rick L.; Winchester, Michael R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Leigh, Stefan D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Marinenko, RB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ryna.marinenko@nist.gov RI Scott, Keana/J-5717-2015; Yu, Lee/N-7263-2015; Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Yu, Lee/0000-0002-8043-6853; Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 16 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1017/S1431927609991231 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA 551NW UT WOS:000274217300001 PM 20030913 ER PT J AU Rudnick, PA Clauser, KR Kilpatrick, LE Tchekhovskoi, DV Neta, P Blonder, N Billheimer, DD Blackman, RK Bunk, DM Cardasis, HL Ham, AJL Jaffe, JD Kinsinger, CR Mesri, M Neubert, TA Schilling, B Tabb, DL Tegeler, TJ Vega-Montoto, L Variyath, AM Wang, M Wang, P Whiteaker, JR Zimmerman, LJ Carr, SA Fisher, SJ Gibson, BW Paulovich, AG Regnier, FE Rodriguez, H Spiegelman, C Tempst, P Liebler, DC Stein, SE AF Rudnick, Paul A. Clauser, Karl R. Kilpatrick, Lisa E. Tchekhovskoi, Dmitrii V. Neta, Pedatsur Blonder, Niksa Billheimer, Dean D. Blackman, Ronald K. Bunk, David M. Cardasis, Helene L. Ham, Amy-Joan L. Jaffe, Jacob D. Kinsinger, Christopher R. Mesri, Mehdi Neubert, Thomas A. Schilling, Birgit Tabb, David L. Tegeler, Tony J. Vega-Montoto, Lorenzo Variyath, Asokan Mulayath Wang, Mu Wang, Pei Whiteaker, Jeffrey R. Zimmerman, Lisa J. Carr, Steven A. Fisher, Susan J. Gibson, Bradford W. Paulovich, Amanda G. Regnier, Fred E. Rodriguez, Henry Spiegelman, Cliff Tempst, Paul Liebler, Daniel C. Stein, Stephen E. TI Performance Metrics for Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Systems in Proteomics Analyses SO MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article ID PEPTIDE IDENTIFICATION; SHOTGUN PROTEOMICS; PROTEIN-ABUNDANCE; BREAST-CANCER; DATABASE AB A major unmet need in LC-MS/MS-based proteomics analyses is a set of tools for quantitative assessment of system performance and evaluation of technical variability. Here we describe 46 system performance metrics for monitoring chromatographic performance, electrospray source stability, MS1 and MS2 signals, dynamic sampling of ions for MS/MS, and peptide identification. Applied to data sets from replicate LC-MS/MS analyses, these metrics displayed consistent, reasonable responses to controlled perturbations. The metrics typically displayed variations less than 10% and thus can reveal even subtle differences in performance of system components. Analyses of data from interlaboratory studies conducted under a common standard operating procedure identified outlier data and provided clues to specific causes. Moreover, interlaboratory variation reflected by the metrics indicates which system components vary the most between laboratories. Application of these metrics enables rational, quantitative quality assessment for proteomics and other LC-MS/MS analytical applications. Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 9: 225-241, 2010. C1 [Ham, Amy-Joan L.; Tabb, David L.; Zimmerman, Lisa J.; Carr, Steven A.; Liebler, Daniel C.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Rudnick, Paul A.; Tchekhovskoi, Dmitrii V.; Neta, Pedatsur; Blonder, Niksa; Stein, Stephen E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Clauser, Karl R.; Blackman, Ronald K.; Jaffe, Jacob D.] MIT & Harvard, Broad Inst, Cambridge, MA 02141 USA. [Kilpatrick, Lisa E.; Bunk, David M.] NIST, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Billheimer, Dean D.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Cardasis, Helene L.; Neubert, Thomas A.] NYU, Skirball Inst, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Kinsinger, Christopher R.; Mesri, Mehdi; Rodriguez, Henry] NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Schilling, Birgit; Gibson, Bradford W.] Buck Inst Age Res, Novato, CA 94945 USA. [Tegeler, Tony J.; Wang, Mu] Monarch Life Sci, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Vega-Montoto, Lorenzo; Variyath, Asokan Mulayath; Spiegelman, Cliff] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Wang, Pei; Whiteaker, Jeffrey R.; Paulovich, Amanda G.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Fisher, Susan J.] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Regnier, Fred E.] Purdue Univ, Bindley Biosci Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Tempst, Paul] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, New York, NY 10065 USA. RP Liebler, DC (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM daniel.liebler@vanderbilt.edu; Steve.Stein@NIST.gov RI Tchekhovskoi, Dmitrii/J-2319-2014; OI Tempst, Paul/0000-0002-6680-3987; Liebler, Daniel/0000-0002-7873-3031 FU NCI, National Institutes of Health; National Institute of Standards and Technology; National Institutes of Health [U24CA126476, U24CA126485, U24CA126480, U24CA126477, U24CA126479] FX This work was supported, in whole or in part, by an interagency agreement between the NCI, National Institutes of Health and the National Institute of Standards and Technology and by National Institutes of Health Grants U24CA126476, U24CA126485, U24CA126480, U24CA126477, and U24CA126479 as part of the NCI Clinical Proteomic Technologies for Cancer (http://proteomics.cancer.gov) initiative. A component of this initiative is the Clinical Proteomic Technology Assessment for Cancer (CPTAC) teams, which include the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (with the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, the University of Victoria, and the Plasma Proteome Institute), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (with the Skirball Institute at New York University), Purdue University (with Monarch Life Sciences, Indiana University, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, and the Hoosier Oncology Group), University of California, San Francisco (with the Buck Institute for Age Research, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the University of British Columbia, and the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center), and Vanderbilt University School of Medicine (with the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, the University of Washington, and the University of Arizona). Contracts from NCI, National Institutes of Health through SAIC to Texas A&M University funded statistical support for this work. A complete listing of the CPTAC Network can be found at http://proteomics.cancer.gov. NR 27 TC 102 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 1535-9476 J9 MOL CELL PROTEOMICS JI Mol. Cell. Proteomics PD FEB PY 2010 VL 9 IS 2 BP 225 EP 241 DI 10.1074/mcp.M900223-MCP200 PG 17 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 568EY UT WOS:000275506200003 PM 19837981 ER PT J AU Paulovich, AG Billheimer, D Ham, AJL Vega-Montoto, L Rudnick, PA Tabb, DL Wang, P Blackman, RK Bunk, DM Cardasis, HL Clauser, KR Kinsinger, CR Schilling, B Tegeler, TJ Variyath, AM Wang, M Whiteaker, JR Zimmerman, LJ Fenyo, D Carr, SA Fisher, SJ Gibson, BW Mesri, M Neubert, TA Regnier, FE Rodriguez, H Spiegelman, C Stein, SE Tempst, P Liebler, DC AF Paulovich, Amanda G. Billheimer, Dean Ham, Amy-Joan L. Vega-Montoto, Lorenzo Rudnick, Paul A. Tabb, David L. Wang, Pei Blackman, Ronald K. Bunk, David M. Cardasis, Helene L. Clauser, Karl R. Kinsinger, Christopher R. Schilling, Birgit Tegeler, Tony J. Variyath, Asokan Mulayath Wang, Mu Whiteaker, Jeffrey R. Zimmerman, Lisa J. Fenyo, David Carr, Steven A. Fisher, Susan J. Gibson, Bradford W. Mesri, Mehdi Neubert, Thomas A. Regnier, Fred E. Rodriguez, Henry Spiegelman, Cliff Stein, Stephen E. Tempst, Paul Liebler, Daniel C. TI Interlaboratory Study Characterizing a Yeast Performance Standard for Benchmarking LC-MS Platform Performance SO MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; PEPTIDE IDENTIFICATION; BIOMARKER DISCOVERY; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; GLOBAL ANALYSIS; MESSENGER-RNA; PROTEOMICS; PLASMA; TOOLS AB Optimal performance of LC-MS/MS platforms is critical to generating high quality proteomics data. Although individual laboratories have developed quality control samples, there is no widely available performance standard of biological complexity (and associated reference data sets) for benchmarking of platform performance for analysis of complex biological proteomes across different laboratories in the community. Individual preparations of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteome have been used extensively by laboratories in the proteomics community to characterize LC-MS platform performance. The yeast proteome is uniquely attractive as a performance standard because it is the most extensively characterized complex biological proteome and the only one associated with several large scale studies estimating the abundance of all detectable proteins. In this study, we describe a standard operating protocol for large scale production of the yeast performance standard and offer aliquots to the community through the National Institute of Standards and Technology where the yeast proteome is under development as a certified reference material to meet the long term needs of the community. Using a series of metrics that characterize LC-MS performance, we provide a reference data set demonstrating typical performance of commonly used ion trap instrument platforms in expert laboratories; the results provide a basis for laboratories to benchmark their own performance, to improve upon current methods, and to evaluate new technologies. Additionally, we demonstrate how the yeast reference, spiked with human proteins, can be used to benchmark the power of proteomics platforms for detection of differentially expressed proteins at different levels of concentration in a complex matrix, thereby providing a metric to evaluate and minimize preanalytical and analytical variation in comparative proteomics experiments. Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 9: 242-254, 2010. C1 [Paulovich, Amanda G.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Clin Res, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Billheimer, Dean] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Billheimer, Dean] BIO5 Inst, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Ham, Amy-Joan L.; Vega-Montoto, Lorenzo; Tabb, David L.; Zimmerman, Lisa J.; Liebler, Daniel C.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Vega-Montoto, Lorenzo; Variyath, Asokan Mulayath; Spiegelman, Cliff] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Rudnick, Paul A.; Bunk, David M.; Stein, Stephen E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Blackman, Ronald K.; Clauser, Karl R.; Carr, Steven A.] MIT & Harvard, Broad Inst, Cambridge, MA 02141 USA. [Cardasis, Helene L.; Fenyo, David; Neubert, Thomas A.] NYU, Kimmel Ctr Biol & Med, Skirball Inst, Sch Med, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Kinsinger, Christopher R.; Mesri, Mehdi; Rodriguez, Henry; Spiegelman, Cliff] NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Schilling, Birgit; Gibson, Bradford W.] Buck Inst Age Res, Novato, CA 94945 USA. [Tegeler, Tony J.] Monarch Life Sci, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Wang, Mu; Regnier, Fred E.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Fisher, Susan J.] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Tempst, Paul] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, New York, NY 10065 USA. RP Paulovich, AG (reprint author), Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Clin Res, 1100 Fairview Ave N,LE-360,POB 19024, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM apaulovi@fhcrc.org; daniel.liebler@vanderbilt.edu OI Tempst, Paul/0000-0002-6680-3987; Fenyo, David/0000-0001-5049-3825; Liebler, Daniel/0000-0002-7873-3031 FU NCI, National Institutes of Health; National Institute of Standards and Technology; National Institutes of Health [U24CA126476-01, U24CA126485-01, U24CA126480-01, U24CA126477-01, U24CA126479-01] FX This work was supported, in whole or in part, by an interagency agreement between the NCI, National Institutes of Health and the National Institute of Standards and Technology and by National Institutes of Health Grants U24CA126476-01, U24CA126485-01, U24CA126480-01, U24CA126477-01, and U24CA126479-01 as part of the NCI Clinical Proteomic Technologies for Cancer (http://proteomics.cancer.gov) initiative. A component of this initiative is the Clinical Proteomic Technology Assessment for Cancer (CPTAC) teams, which include the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (with the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, the University of Victoria, and the Plasma Proteome Institute), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (with the Skirball Institute at New York University), Purdue University (with Monarch Life Sciences, Indiana University, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, and the Hoosier Oncology Group), University of California, San Francisco (with the Buck Institute for Age Research, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the University of British Columbia, and the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center), and Vanderbilt University School of Medicine (with the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, the University of Washington, and the University of Arizona). Contracts from NCI, National Institutes of Health through SAIC to Texas A&M University funded statistical support for this work. NR 32 TC 100 Z9 100 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 1535-9476 J9 MOL CELL PROTEOMICS JI Mol. Cell. Proteomics PD FEB PY 2010 VL 9 IS 2 BP 242 EP 254 DI 10.1074/mcp.M900222-MCP200 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 568EY UT WOS:000275506200004 PM 19858499 ER PT J AU Bunya, S Dietrich, JC Westerink, JJ Ebersole, BA Smith, JM Atkinson, JH Jensen, R Resio, DT Luettich, RA Dawson, C Cardone, VJ Cox, AT Powell, MD Westerink, HJ Roberts, HJ AF Bunya, S. Dietrich, J. C. Westerink, J. J. Ebersole, B. A. Smith, J. M. Atkinson, J. H. Jensen, R. Resio, D. T. Luettich, R. A. Dawson, C. Cardone, V. J. Cox, A. T. Powell, M. D. Westerink, H. J. Roberts, H. J. TI A High-Resolution Coupled Riverine Flow, Tide, Wind, Wind Wave, and Storm Surge Model for Southern Louisiana and Mississippi. Part I: Model Development and Validation SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW-WATER EQUATIONS; DATA SET; HURRICANE; FLORIDA; FIELDS AB A coupled system of wind, wind wave, and coastal circulation models has been implemented for southern Louisiana and Mississippi to simulate riverine flows, tides. wind waves. and hurricane storm surge in the region. The system combines the NOAA Hurricane Research Division Wind Analysis System (H*WIND) and the Interactive Objective Kinematic Analysis (IOKA) kinematic wind analyses, the Wave Model (WAM) offshore and Steady-State Irregular Wave (STWAVE) nearshore wind wave models, and the Advanced Circulation (ADCIRC) basin to channel-scale unstructured grid circulation model. The system emphasizes a high-resolution (down to 50 m) representation of the geometry. bathymetry, and topography nonlinear coupling of all processes including wind wave radiation stress-induced set up; and objective specification of frictional parameters based on land-cover databases and commonly used parameters. Riverine flows and tides are validated for no storm conditions, while winds, wind waves, hydrographs, and high water marks are validated for Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. C1 [Bunya, S.; Dietrich, J. C.; Westerink, J. J.; Westerink, H. J.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Ebersole, B. A.; Smith, J. M.; Jensen, R.; Resio, D. T.] USA, Coastal Hydraul Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. [Atkinson, J. H.; Roberts, H. J.] Arcadis Inc, Denver, CO USA. [Luettich, R. A.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Dawson, C.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Computat Engn & Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Cardone, V. J.; Cox, A. T.] Oceanweather Inc, Cos Cob, CT USA. [Powell, M. D.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Westerink, JJ (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM jjw@nd.edu RI Dietrich, Joel/E-5161-2011; Powell, Mark/I-4963-2013 OI Dietrich, Joel/0000-0001-5294-2874; Powell, Mark/0000-0002-4890-8945 FU USACE Interagency Performance Evaluation Task Force; USACE Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Study, the USACE New Orleans District, and the USACE Hurricane Protection Office; Federal Emergency Management Agency Region 6; USACE System-Wide Water Resources and MOR-PHOS Programs; Department of Homeland Security Center of Excellence in Natural Hazards, Coastal Infrastructure, and Emergency Managemen; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Integrated Ocean Observing System Program; U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center; Department of Defense Supercomputing Resource Center; University of Texas at Austin, Texas Advanced Computing Center; National Science Foundation [DMS06-20696, OCI-0746232]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-06-1-0285] FX Permission to publish this paper was granted by the Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). This work was supported by the USACE Interagency Performance Evaluation Task Force; the Joint Coastal Surge Study in support of the USACE Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Study, the USACE New Orleans District, and the USACE Hurricane Protection Office; the Federal Emergency Management Agency Region 6; and the USACE System-Wide Water Resources and MOR-PHOS Programs; the Department of Homeland Security Center of Excellence in Natural Hazards, Coastal Infrastructure, and Emergency Management; and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Integrated Ocean Observing System Program. Computational resources and support were provided by the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Department of Defense Supercomputing Resource Center, and the University of Texas at Austin, Texas Advanced Computing Center. ADCIRC model development was supported by awards from the USACE, the National Science Foundation (DMS06-20696 and OCI-0746232), and the Office of Naval Research (N00014-06-1-0285). NR 50 TC 125 Z9 125 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 138 IS 2 BP 345 EP 377 DI 10.1175/2009MWR2906.1 PG 33 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 572JE UT WOS:000275826400002 ER PT J AU Dietrich, JC Bunya, S Westerink, JJ Ebersole, BA Smith, JM Atkinson, JH Jensen, R Resio, DT Luettich, RA Dawson, C Cardone, VJ Cox, AT Powell, MD Westerink, HJ Roberts, HJ AF Dietrich, J. C. Bunya, S. Westerink, J. J. Ebersole, B. A. Smith, J. M. Atkinson, J. H. Jensen, R. Resio, D. T. Luettich, R. A. Dawson, C. Cardone, V. J. Cox, A. T. Powell, M. D. Westerink, H. J. Roberts, H. J. TI A High-Resolution Coupled Riverine Flow, Tide, Wind, Wind Wave, and Storm Surge Model for Southern Louisiana and Mississippi. Part II: Synoptic Description and Analysis of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article AB Hurricanes Katrina and Rita were powerful storms that impacted southern Louisiana and Mississippi during the 2005 hurricane season. In Part I, the authors describe and validate a high-resolution coupled riverine flow, tide, wind, wave, and storm surge model for this region. Herein, the model is used to examine the evolution of these hurricanes in more detail. Synoptic histories show how storm tracks, winds, and waves interacted with the topography, the protruding Mississippi River delta, east-west shorelines, manmade structures, and low-lying marshes to develop and propagate storm surge. Perturbations of the model, in which the waves are not included, show the proportional importance of the wave radiation stress gradient induced setup. C1 [Dietrich, J. C.; Bunya, S.; Westerink, J. J.; Westerink, H. J.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Ebersole, B. A.; Smith, J. M.; Jensen, R.; Resio, D. T.] USA, Coastal Hydraul Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. [Atkinson, J. H.; Roberts, H. J.] Arcadis Inc, Denver, CO USA. [Luettich, R. A.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Dawson, C.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Computat Engn & Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Cardone, V. J.; Cox, A. T.] Oceanweather Inc, Cos Cob, CT USA. [Powell, M. D.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Westerink, JJ (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM jjw@nd.edu RI Dietrich, Joel/E-5161-2011; Powell, Mark/I-4963-2013 OI Dietrich, Joel/0000-0001-5294-2874; Powell, Mark/0000-0002-4890-8945 FU USACE Interagency Performance Evaluation Task Force; USACE Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Study, the USACE New Orleans District, and the USACE Hurricane Protection Office; Federal Emergency Management Agency Region 6; USACE SystemWide Water Resources and MORPHOS Programs; Department of Homeland Security Center of Excellence in Natural Hazards, Coastal Infrastructure and Emergency Management; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Integrated Ocean Observing System Program; U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Department of Defense Supercomputing Resource Center; University of Texas at Austin; National Science Foundation [DMS06-20696, OCI-0746232]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-06-1-0285] FX Permission to publish this paper was granted by the Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). This work was supported by the USACE Interagency Performance Evaluation Task Force; the Joint Coastal Surge Study in support of the USACE Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Study, the USACE New Orleans District, and the USACE Hurricane Protection Office; the Federal Emergency Management Agency Region 6; the USACE SystemWide Water Resources and MORPHOS Programs; the Department of Homeland Security Center of Excellence in Natural Hazards, Coastal Infrastructure and Emergency Management; and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Integrated Ocean Observing System Program. Computational resources and support were provided by the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Department of Defense Supercomputing Resource Center and the University of Texas at Austin, Texas Advanced Computing Center. ADCIRC model development was supported by awards from the USACE, the National Science Foundation (DMS06-20696 and OCI-0746232) and the Office of Naval Research (N00014-06-1-0285). NR 15 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 4 U2 27 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 138 IS 2 BP 378 EP 404 DI 10.1175/2009MWR2907.1 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 572JE UT WOS:000275826400003 ER PT J AU Shulski, M Walsh, J Stevens, E Thoman, R AF Shulski, Martha Walsh, John Stevens, Eric Thoman, Richard TI Diagnosis of Extended Cold-Season Temperature Anomalies in Alaska SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; WINTER; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; CLIMATOLOGY; FAIRBANKS; INVERSION; BUDGET; ICE AB During the early winter of 2002 and late winter of 2007, the Alaskan sector of the North Pacific Ocean region experienced record-breaking temperature anomalies. The duration of these episodes was unusually long, with each lasting more than 1 month: 55 days for the warm anomaly of October-December 2002 and 37 days for the cold anomaly of February-M arch 2007. Temperature departures over each respective period were the largest for the continental climate of interior Alaska (>10 degrees C) and the smallest for the maritime regions of Alaska (<4 degrees C). Mean temperatures over the event periods in 2002 and 2007 easily ranked as the record warmest and coldest, respectively, for many surface observing stations. In addition, heating degree-day anomalies were on the order of 700 units for these periods. Atmospheric circulation patterns at the surface and upper levels for the circum-Arctic proved to be the driver for these persistent events. The 2002 warm anomaly was driven by enhanced southerly advection associated with an unusually strong Aleutian low and a positive Pacific decadal oscillation index, which resulted in a large area of anomalous temperatures in Alaska and northern Canada. The 2007 cold anomaly was driven by a weakening of the circulation pattern in the subpolar Pacific sector and a strengthening of the Siberian high, with the strongest temperature anomalies in Alaska and northwestern Canada. C1 [Shulski, Martha] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Walsh, John] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Stevens, Eric; Thoman, Richard] Natl Weather Serv Fairbanks Forecast Off, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Shulski, M (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, 3310 Holdrege St, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM mshulski@unlnotes.unl.edu FU state of Alaska; National Science Foundation; Office of Polar Programs [OPP-0520112, OPP-0652838] FX This work was supported in part by the state of Alaska and the National Science Foundation, Office of Polar Programs, through Grants OPP-0520112 and OPP-0652838. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 138 IS 2 BP 453 EP 462 DI 10.1175/2009MWR3039.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 572JE UT WOS:000275826400007 ER PT J AU Yussouf, N Stensrud, DJ AF Yussouf, Nusrat Stensrud, David J. TI Impact of Phased-Array Radar Observations over a Short Assimilation Period: Observing System Simulation Experiments Using an Ensemble Kalman Filter SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID WEATHER RADAR; PART I; PARAMETERS; SCHEME; STORMS; MODEL; SHEAR; WIND AB The conventional Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) scans a given weather phenomenon in approximately 5 min, and past results suggest that it takes 30-60 min to establish a storm into a model assimilating these data using an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) data assimilation technique. Severe-weather events, however, can develop and evolve very rapidly. Therefore, assimilating observations for a 30-60-min period prior to the availability of accurate analyses may not be feasible in an operational setting. A shorter assimilation period also is desired if forecasts are produced to increase the warning lead time. With the advent of the emerging phased-array radar (PAR) technology, it is now possible to scan the same weather phenomenon in less than I min. Therefore, it is of interest to see if the faster scanning rate of PAR can yield improvements in storm-scale analyses and forecasts from assimilating over a shorter period of time. Observing system simulation experiments are conducted to evaluate the ability to quickly initialize a storm into a numerical model using PAR data in place of WSR-88D data. Synthetic PAR and WSR-88D observations of a splitting supercell storm are created from a storm-scale model run using a realistic volume-averaging technique in native radar coordinates. These synthetic reflectivity and radial velocity observations are assimilated into the same storm-scale model over a 15-min period using an EnKF data assimilation technique followed by a 50-min ensemble forecast. Results indicate that assimilating PAR observations at 1-min intervals over a short 15-min period yields significantly better analyses and ensemble forecasts than those produced using WSR-88D observations. Additional experiments are conducted in which the adaptive scanning capability of PAR is utilized for thunderstorms that are either very close to or far away from the radar location. Results show that the adaptive scanning capability improves the analyses and forecasts when Compared with the nonadaptive PAR data. These results highlight the potential for flexible rapid-scanning PAR observations to help to quickly and accurately initialize storms into numerical models yielding improved storm-scale analyses and very short range forecasts. C1 [Yussouf, Nusrat] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Yussouf, Nusrat] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Yussouf, N (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM nusrat.yussouf@noaa.gov OI Yussouf, Nusrat/0000-0003-4998-1770 NR 31 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 138 IS 2 BP 517 EP 538 DI 10.1175/2009MWR2925.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 572JE UT WOS:000275826400011 ER PT J AU Jung, YS Xue, M Zhang, GF AF Jung, Youngsun Xue, Ming Zhang, Guifu TI Simultaneous Estimation of Microphysical Parameters and the Atmospheric State Using Simulated Polarimetric Radar Data and an Ensemble Kalman Filter in the Presence of an Observation Operator Error SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID PREDICTION SYSTEM ARPS; QUASI-GEOSTROPHIC MODEL; SCALE DATA ASSIMILATION; PART I; THEORETICAL ASPECTS; METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS; COVARIANCE PARAMETERS; SIZE; ADJOINT; IMPACT AB The impacts of polarimetric radar data oil the estimation of uncertain microphysical parameters ale investigated through observing system simulation experiments when the effects of uncertain parameters oil the observation operators are also considered. Five fundamental microphysical parameters (i.e., the intercept parameters of rain, snow. and hail and the bulk densities of snow and had) are estimated individually or collectively using the ensemble square root Kalman filter. The differential reflectivity Z(DR), specific differential phase K(DP), and radar reflectivity at horizontal polarization Z(H) are used individually or in combinations for the parameter estimation while the radial velocity and Z(H) are used for the state estimation. In the process, the parameter values estimated in the previous analysis cycles are used in the forecast model and in observation operators in the ensuing assimilation cycle. Analyses are first performed that examine the sensitivity of various observations to the microphysical parameters with and without observation operator error. The results are used to help interpret the filler behaviors in parameter estimation. The experiments ill which either a single or all five parameters contain initial errors reveal difficulties in estimating certain parameters using Z(H) alone when observation operator error is involved. Additional polarimetric measurements are found to tic beneficial for both parameter and state estimation in general. It is found that the polarimeteric data are more helpful when the parameter estimation is not very successful with Z(H) alone. Between Z(DR) and K(DP), K(DP) is found to produce larger positive impacts oil parameter estimation in general while Z(DR) is more useful in the estimation of the intercept parameter of hail. In the experiments that attempt to correct errors in all five parameters. the filler fails to correctly estimate the snow intercept parameter and the density with or without polarimetric data, seemingly due to the small sensitivity of the observations to these parameters and complications involving the observation operator error. When these two snow parameters are not corrected during the estimation process, the estimations of the other three parameters and of all of the state variables are significantly improved and the positive impacts of polarimetric data are larger than that of a five-parameter estimation. These results reveal the significant complexity of the estimation problem for a highly nonlinear system and the need for careful sensitivity analysis. The problem is potentially more challenging with real-data cases when unknown Sources of model errors are inevitable. C1 [Xue, Ming] Univ Oklahoma, Centel Anal & Predict Storms, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Jung, Youngsun; Xue, Ming; Zhang, Guifu] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Xue, M (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Centel Anal & Predict Storms, Natl Weather Ctr, Ste 2500,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM mxue@ou.edu RI Xue, Ming/F-8073-2011; Zhang, Guifu/M-3178-2014; Jung, Youngsun/O-6227-2016 OI Xue, Ming/0000-0003-1976-3238; Zhang, Guifu/0000-0002-0261-2815; Jung, Youngsun/0000-0003-2265-9837 FU NSF [EEC-0313747, ATM-0608168, ATM-0802888, ATM-0530814, ATM-0331594] FX The authors thank Dr. Mingjing Tong for much help on the initial use of the ARPS ensemble Kalman filter code and Daniel Dawson for proofreading the original manuscript. This work was primarily supported by NSF Grants EEC-0313747 and ATM-0608168. The second author was also Supported by NSF Grants ATM-0802888, ATM-0530814, and ATM-0331594. The computations were performed at the OU Supercomputing Center for Education and Research. NR 53 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 138 IS 2 BP 539 EP 562 DI 10.1175/2009MWR2748.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 572JE UT WOS:000275826400012 ER PT J AU Heeres, RW Dorenbos, SN Koene, B Solomon, GS Kouwenhoven, LP Zwiller, V AF Heeres, Reinier W. Dorenbos, Sander N. Koene, Benny Solomon, Glenn S. Kouwenhoven, Leo P. Zwiller, Valery TI On-Chip Single Plasmon Detection SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Single surface plasmons; superconducting detectors; semiconductor quantum dots; nanophotonics ID ELECTRICAL DETECTION; OPTICAL PLASMONS; WAVE-GUIDES AB Surface plasmon polaritons (plasmons) have the potential to interface electronic and optical devices. They could prove extremely useful for integrated quantum information processing. Here we demonstrate on-chip electrical detection of single plasmons propagating along gold waveguides. The plasmons are excited using the single-photon emission of an optically emitting quantum dot. After propagating for several micrometers, the plasmons are coupled to a superconducting detector in the near-held. Correlation measurements prove that single plasmons are being detected. C1 [Heeres, Reinier W.; Dorenbos, Sander N.; Koene, Benny; Kouwenhoven, Leo P.; Zwiller, Valery] Delft Univ Technol, Kavli Inst Nanosci, NL-2600 GA Delft, Netherlands. [Solomon, Glenn S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Heeres, RW (reprint author), Delft Univ Technol, Kavli Inst Nanosci, POB 5046, NL-2600 GA Delft, Netherlands. EM r.w.heeres@tudelft.nl FU Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO/FOM) FX We thank Ewold Verhagen and Freek Kelkensberg for discussions and Nika Akopian for support. This work is supported financially by The Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO/FOM). NR 17 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 10 IS 2 BP 661 EP 664 DI 10.1021/nl903761t PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 553BE UT WOS:000274338800052 PM 20041700 ER PT J AU Jepson, MA Keefer, ML Naughton, GP Peery, CA Burke, BJ AF Jepson, M. A. Keefer, M. L. Naughton, G. P. Peery, C. A. Burke, B. J. TI Population Composition, Migration Timing, and Harvest of Columbia River Chinook Salmon in Late Summer and Fall SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ADULT SOCKEYE-SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; ATLANTIC SALMON; STOCK IDENTIFICATION; PACIFIC SALMON; LIFE-HISTORY; FISHERY; RATES; TEMPERATURE; SELECTION AB We used radiotelemetry to evaluate population composition, run timing, and reservoir harvest patterns for adult Columbia River fall-run Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. Chinook salmon (n = 5,886) were collected at Bonneville Dam during August-October over 7 years. We selected for upriver bright (URB) populations en route to interior basin spawning sites because these groups are priority populations for both fisheries and conservation efforts. Run composition varied within and among years, but in all years a relatively large percentage of the earliest migrants returned to upper Columbia River sites and the majority of late-run fish returned to the Columbia River Hanford Reach. Deschutes, Yakima, and Snake River populations typically constituted small (<= 17%) but relatively constant proportions of the run throughout each migration season. Population-specific migration timing distributions indicated modest but persistent timing differences among populations, particularly for Hanford Reach and upper Columbia River populations. Annual reported reservoir harvest estimates ranged from 12% to 26%. Harvest rates varied seasonally within years, from relatively low mean rates (<= 11%) for fish tagged early and late in migrations to peak rates of over 25% for those tagged in late August and early September. These patterns suggest that it may be possible to increase harvest of abundant populations and reduce harvest of some vulnerable populations by adjusting the timing of fisheries. In addition, there was evidence that larger fish were harvested at higher rates and that mean fish size differed among populations. The combined results improve our understanding of the Columbia River URB fall Chinook salmon run and should help in refining harvest and escapement management plans. C1 [Jepson, M. A.; Keefer, M. L.; Naughton, G. P.; Peery, C. A.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Burke, B. J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Jepson, MA (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM mjepson@uidaho.edu FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers FX We are grateful to the many people who provided their time and assistance during the course of this study. We especially acknowledge the contributions of T. C. Bjornn and L. C. Stuehrenberg, who were responsible for leading the early years of this research. We thank R. Ringe, K. Tolotti, S. Lee, C. Boggs, W. Daigle, D. Quaempts, M. Morasch, M. Heinrich, D. Joosten, T. Dick, C. Morat, P. Keniry, C. Williams, and C. Nauman, who helped with field operations and the collection and processing of telemetry data at the University of Idaho. A. Matter, T. Bohn, S. McCarthy, and K. Frick of the National Marine Fisheries Service (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries) helped with data management and analysis. We thank the many collaborating agency personnel and staff at hatcheries, traps, and weirs who returned radio transmitters or telemetry data for this project. We also thank W. Connor, K. Kostow, and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive critiques of this manuscript. Funding for this study during 1998-2003 was provided by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers as part of a large-scale evaluation of migration behavior, passage, and survival in the Columbia River; we thank D. Clugston, M. Langeslay, R. Dach, M. Shutters, and T. Mackey for their assistance. Study years 2004-2005 were funded by the Chinook Technical Committee of the Pacific Salmon Commission. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 64 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 30 IS 1 BP 72 EP 88 DI 10.1577/M08-078.1 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 588ZR UT WOS:000277113900007 ER PT J AU Boughton, DA AF Boughton, David A. TI Estimating the Size of Steelhead Runs by Tagging Juveniles and Monitoring Migrants SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SMALL STREAMS; RAINBOW-TROUT; MARK-RECAPTURE; FISH; SURVIVAL; SYSTEM; POPULATIONS; ABUNDANCE; HABITAT AB The number of individuals in a spawning run of anadromous fish can be estimated by tagging juveniles with passive integrated transponders during the freshwater phase and the subsequent monitoring of adult upstream migrants by use of instream tag readers. The method may enable monitoring of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss in systems where other methods are intractable. I developed a hierarchical capture-resighting model and applied it to simulated data to develop a relation between the number of marked juveniles and the precision of run size estimates. Precision is primarily controlled by the number of tagged spawners that ultimately return and are detected; only 30-90 tagged spawners are required to obtain relatively precise estimates of run size. For typical marine survival rates, 0.0033-0.0330, this translates to a tagging effort of between 3,400 and 45,000 juveniles/cohort. Estimates are robust to imperfect detection of tagged fish if at least two instream readers independently scan for tags. Reach sampling allows for estimation of run size in large stream systems. Based on my simulations, the number of reaches could be as low as 30-40 under scenarios of high marine survival. Computer code is provided for the estimator using the freely available statistical software R. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Boughton, DA (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM David.Boughton@noaa.gov NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 30 IS 1 BP 89 EP 101 DI 10.1577/M09-046.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 588ZR UT WOS:000277113900008 ER PT J AU Perry, RW Skalski, JR Brandes, PL Sandstrom, PT Klimley, AP Ammann, A MacFarlane, B AF Perry, Russell W. Skalski, John R. Brandes, Patricia L. Sandstrom, Philip T. Klimley, A. Peter Ammann, Arnold MacFarlane, Bruce TI Estimating Survival and Migration Route Probabilities of Juvenile Chinook Salmon in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID RADIOTELEMETRY; MOVEMENT; HATCHERY; PASSAGE; GROWTH; SYSTEM; STOCKS; MODEL AB Juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha emigrating from natal tributaries of the Sacramento River must negotiate the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, a complex network of natural and man-made channels linking the Sacramento River with San Francisco Bay. Natural processes and water management actions affect the fractions of the population using the different migration routes through the delta and survival within those routes. However, estimating these demographic parameters is difficult using traditional mark-recapture techniques, which depend on the physical recapture of fish (e. g., coded wire tags). Thus, our goals were to (1) develop a mark-recapture model to explicitly estimate the survival and migration route probabilities for each of four migration routes through the delta, (2) link these route-specific probabilities to population-level survival, and (3) apply this model to the first available acoustic telemetry data of smolt migration through the delta. The point estimate of survival through the delta for 64 tagged fish released in December 2006 ((S) over cap (delta) = 0.351; SE = 0.101) was lower than that for 80 tagged fish released in January 2007 ((S) over cap (delta) = 0.543; SE = 0.070). We attributed the observed difference in survival between releases to differences in survival for given migration routes and changes in the proportions of fish using the different routes. Our study shows how movements among, and survival within, migration routes interact to influence population-level survival through the delta. Thus, concurrent estimation of both route-specific migration and survival probabilities is critical to understanding the factors affecting population-level survival in a spatially complex environment such as the delta. C1 [Perry, Russell W.; Skalski, John R.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Brandes, Patricia L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Stockton, CA 95205 USA. [Sandstrom, Philip T.; Klimley, A. Peter] Univ Calif Davis, Biotelemetry Lab, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ammann, Arnold; MacFarlane, Bruce] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Perry, RW (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM rwperry@u.washington.edu OI Skalski, John/0000-0002-7070-2505 FU CALFED with the California Bay-Delta Authority [U-04-SC-005]; California Bay-Delta Authority [U-05-SC-047] FX Funding for R. W. P's involvement with this project was provided by a CALFED Science Fellowship, agreement U-04-SC-005 with the California Bay-Delta Authority. Tagging of juvenile salmon, ultrasonic station deployment and interrogation, and tag detection database maintenance were supported by a grant from the California Bay-Delta Authority by agreement U-05-SC-047 (A. P. K. and B. M., principal investigators). Jon Burau and Aaron Blake, USGS, provided valuable insights and support to R. W. P. during this project. We thank Kevin Niemela, Kurtis Brown, and Scott Hamelburg of U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and the staff of Coleman National Fish Hatchery for providing the late-fall Chinook and logistical support for this study. We thank Scott Foott, USFWS, CA-NV Fish Health Center, for providing the fish transportation truck. We are grateful to the following staff of USFWS in Stockton, California, for assisting with transport, holding, and release of tagged fish: Paul Cadrett, Jack Ingram, Mike Marshall, Jennifer Messineo, Greg Nelson, Jon Thompson, Eric Volkman, Abi Warwas, Lori Wichman, and Rick Wilder. We also thank four anonymous reviewers whose comments improved the manuscript. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 36 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 30 IS 1 BP 142 EP 156 DI 10.1577/M08-200.1 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 588ZR UT WOS:000277113900013 ER PT J AU Prager, MH Shertzer, KW AF Prager, Michael H. Shertzer, Kyle W. TI Deriving Acceptable Biological Catch from the Overfishing Limit: Implications for Assessment Models SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID PROBABILITY-BASED APPROACH AB The recently revised Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act requires that U. S. fishery management councils avoid overfishing by setting annual catch limits (ACLs) not exceeding recommendations of the councils' scientific advisers. To meet that requirement, the scientific advisers will need to know the overfishing limit (OFL) estimated in each stock assessment, with OFL being the catch available from applying the limit fishing mortality rate to current or projected stock biomass. The advisers then will derive "acceptable biological catch'' (ABC) from OFL by reducing OFL to allow for scientific uncertainty, and ABC becomes their recommendation to the council. We suggest methodology based on simple probability theory by which scientific advisers can compute ABC from OFL and the statistical distribution of OFL as estimated by a stock assessment. Our method includes approximations to the distribution of OFL if it is not known from the assessment; however, we find it preferable to have the assessment model estimate the distribution of OFL directly. Probability-based methods such as this one provide well-defined approaches to setting ABC and may be helpful to scientific advisers as they translate the new legal requirement into concrete advice. C1 [Prager, Michael H.; Shertzer, Kyle W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Prager, MH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM mike.prager@noaa.gov NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 30 IS 1 BP 289 EP 294 DI 10.1577/M09-105.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 588ZR UT WOS:000277113900025 ER PT J AU Carey, MP Wahl, DH AF Carey, Michael P. Wahl, David H. TI Interactions of multiple predators with different foraging modes in an aquatic food web SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Multiple predators; Risk-enhanced effect; Additive design; Substitution design ID BASS MICROPTERUS-SALMOIDES; LARGEMOUTH BASS; TROPHIC INTERACTIONS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; HABITAT COMPLEXITY; PREY INTERACTIONS; ESOX MASQUINONGY; NORTHERN PIKE; OPEN-WATER; BODY SIZE AB Top predators can have different foraging modes that may alter their interactions and effects on food webs. Interactions between predators may be non-additive resulting from facilitation or interference, whereas their combined effects on a shared prey may result in emergent effects that are risk enhanced or risk reduced. To test the importance of multiple predators with different foraging modes, we examined the interaction between a cruising predator (largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides) and an ambush predator (muskellunge, Esox masquinongy) foraging on a shared prey (bluegill sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus) with strong anti-predator defense behaviors. Additive and substitution designs were used to compare individual to combined predator treatments in experimental ponds. The multiple predator interaction facilitated growth of the cruising predator in the combined predator treatments, whereas predator species had substitutable effects on the growth of the ambush predator. The combined predator treatments created an emergent effect on the prey; however, the direction was dependent on the experimental design. The additive design found a risk-reducing effect, whereas the substitution design found a risk-enhancing effect for prey fish. Indirect effects from the predators weakly extended to lower trophic levels (i.e., zooplankton community). Our results highlight the need to consider differences in foraging mode of top predators, interactions between predators, and emergent effects on prey to understand food webs. C1 [Carey, Michael P.; Wahl, David H.] Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Sam Parr Biol Stn, Kinmundy, IL 62854 USA. [Carey, Michael P.; Wahl, David H.] Univ Illinois, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Carey, MP (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Michael.P.Carey@noaa.gov RI Carey, Michael/G-9516-2012; Gebauer, Radek/G-6749-2015 FU Illinois Natural History Survey FX We thank the staff at the Kaskaskia and Sam Parr Biological Stations, Illinois Natural History Survey, especially K. Schnake, K. Ostrand, M. Diana, C. Wagner, E. Smolik, K. Atkins, J. Clark, and J. Wisher for help in the field and with sample processing. All procedures conformed to the University of Illinois Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and comply with the current laws of the U. S. Reviews by C. Caceres, J. Brawn, and K. Paige substantially improved the manuscript. Support was provided by the Illinois Natural History Survey. NR 63 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 41 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD FEB PY 2010 VL 162 IS 2 BP 443 EP 452 DI 10.1007/s00442-009-1461-3 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 546FA UT WOS:000273795200018 PM 19777265 ER PT J AU Borjemscaia, N Polyakov, SV Lett, PD Migdall, A AF Borjemscaia, Natalia Polyakov, Sergey V. Lett, Paul D. Migdall, Alan TI Single-photon propagation through dielectric bandgaps SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID TUNNELING TIMES AB Theoretical models of photon traversal through quarter-wave dielectric stack barriers that arise due to Bragg reflection predict the saturation of the propagation time with the barrier length, known as the Hartman effect. This saturation is sensitive to the addition of single dielectric layers, varying significantly from sub-luminal to apparently super-luminal and vice versa. Our research tests the suitability of photonic bandgaps as an optical model for the tunneling process. Of particular importance is our observation of subtle structural changes in dielectric stacks drastically affecting photon traversal times, allowing for apparent sub-and super-luminal effects. We also introduce a simple model to link HOM visibility to wavepacket distortion that allows us to exclude this as a possible cause of the loss of contrast in the barrier penetration process. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Borjemscaia, Natalia] Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Borjemscaia, Natalia; Polyakov, Sergey V.; Lett, Paul D.; Migdall, Alan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Borjemscaia, Natalia; Polyakov, Sergey V.; Lett, Paul D.; Migdall, Alan] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Borjemscaia, N (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, 37th & O St NW, Washington, DC 20057 USA. EM nrutter@nist.gov NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 3 BP 2279 EP 2286 DI 10.1364/OE.18.002279 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 559AD UT WOS:000274791200049 PM 20174056 ER PT J AU Gong, YY Makarova, M Yerci, S Li, R Stevens, MJ Baek, B Nam, SW Hadfield, RH Dorenbos, SN Zwiller, V Vuckovic, J Dal Negro, L AF Gong, Yiyang Makarova, Maria Yerci, Selcuk Li, Rui Stevens, Martin J. Baek, Burm Nam, Sae Woo Hadfield, Robert H. Dorenbos, Sander N. Zwiller, Val Vuckovic, Jelena Dal Negro, Luca TI Linewidth narrowing and Purcell enhancement in photonic crystal cavities on an Er-doped silicon nitride platform SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID DETECTOR; LASER AB Light emission at 1.54 mu m from an Er-doped amorphous silicon nitride layer coupled to photonic crystal resonators at cryogenic and room temperatures and under varying optical pump powers has been studied. The results demonstrate that small mode volume, high quality factor resonators enhance Er absorption and emission rates at the cavity resonance. Time resolved measurements give 11- to 17-fold Purcell enhancement of spontaneous emission at cryogenic temperatures, and 2.4-fold enhancement at room temperature. Resonances exhibit linewidth narrowing with pump power, signifying absorption bleaching and partial inversion of the Er ions cryogenic temperatures. We estimate that 31% of Er ions are excited at the highest pump power. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Gong, Yiyang; Makarova, Maria; Vuckovic, Jelena] Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Yerci, Selcuk; Li, Rui; Dal Negro, Luca] Boston Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Yerci, Selcuk; Li, Rui; Dal Negro, Luca] Boston Univ, Photon Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Dal Negro, Luca] Boston Univ, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Stevens, Martin J.; Baek, Burm; Nam, Sae Woo] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Hadfield, Robert H.] Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. [Dorenbos, Sander N.; Zwiller, Val] Delft Univ Technol, Kavli Inst Nanosci, NL-2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands. RP Gong, YY (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM yiyangg@stanford.edu RI Hadfield, Robert/L-8081-2013; Yerci, Selcuk/C-7993-2014 OI Hadfield, Robert/0000-0002-8084-4187; Yerci, Selcuk/0000-0003-0599-588X FU MARCO IFC; AFOSR; U.S. Air Force MURI [FA9550-06-1-0470]; NWO [680-47-223]; National Science Foundation [ECS-9731293]; Intel; NSF FX This work was supported in part by the grants from MARCO IFC, AFOSR and the U.S. Air Force MURI program under Award No. FA9550-06-1-0470, on "Electrically-Pumped Silicon-Based Lasers for Chip-Scale Nanophotonic Systems" supervised by Dr. Gernot Pomrenke. VZ and SD acknowledge funding from NWO (VIDI grant 680-47-223). Devices were fabricated in part at the Stanford Nanofabrication Facility of NNIN supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant ECS-9731293. We would also like to acknowledge support from the Intel (MM) and the NSF (YG) fellowships. The authors would like to thank Vanessa Sih for developing the etching recipe for the PC cavities in the Er-doped silicon nitride samples, and Michel Digonnet for helpful discussions in interpreting experimental results. NR 25 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 14 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 3 BP 2601 EP 2612 DI 10.1364/OE.18.002601 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 559AD UT WOS:000274791200082 PM 20174089 ER PT J AU Tong, XM Ranitovic, P Cocke, CL Toshima, N AF Tong, X. M. Ranitovic, P. Cocke, C. L. Toshima, N. TI Mechanisms of infrared-laser-assisted atomic ionization by attosecond pulses SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID HARMONIC-GENERATION; FIELDS AB We propose a mechanism to understand the infrared (IR) laser assisted atomic ionization by attosecond pulses (AP). Atomic structures in an IR laser field are described by Floquet states and atoms can be ionized to a Floquet state by a single AP through different Floquet components. The interference of ionization through different Floquet components results in the oscillation of the ionization yield as a function of the arriving time of the AP. The proposed mechanism explains the recent experimental observations [Johnsson et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 233001 (2007)]. Furthermore, we find that, for a specified photoelectron energy, the ionization yield always oscillates as a function of the relative phase between the AP and the IR laser for both He and Ar atoms. C1 [Tong, X. M.; Toshima, N.] Univ Tsukuba, Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058573, Japan. [Tong, X. M.] Univ Tsukuba, Ctr Computat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577, Japan. [Ranitovic, P.; Cocke, C. L.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, James R Macdonald Lab, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Ranitovic, P.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ranitovic, P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Tong, XM (reprint author), Univ Tsukuba, Inst Mat Sci, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058573, Japan. EM tong.xiaomin.ga@u.tsukuba.ac.jp RI Tong, Xiao-Min/A-2748-2011; ranitovic, predrag/A-2282-2014 OI Tong, Xiao-Min/0000-0003-4898-3491; FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, US Department of Energy FX This work was supported in part by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, in part by the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, US Department of Energy. The numerical calculations were carried out by the T2K-Tsukuba System in the Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba. NR 16 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2010 VL 81 IS 2 AR 021404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.81.021404 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 562RW UT WOS:000275072500012 ER PT J AU Wallquist, M Hammerer, K Zoller, P Genes, C Ludwig, M Marquardt, F Treutlein, P Ye, J Kimble, HJ AF Wallquist, M. Hammerer, K. Zoller, P. Genes, C. Ludwig, M. Marquardt, F. Treutlein, P. Ye, J. Kimble, H. J. TI Single-atom cavity QED and optomicromechanics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; MEMBRANE AB In a recent publication [ K. Hammerer, M. Wallquist, C. Genes, M. Ludwig, F. Marquardt, P. Treutlein, P. Zoller, J. Ye, and H. J. Kimble, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 063005 ( 2009)] we have shown the possibility to achieve strong coupling of the quantized motion of a micron-sized mechanical system to the motion of a single trapped atom. In the proposed setup the coherent coupling between a SiN membrane and a single atom is mediated by the field of a high finesse cavity and can be much larger than the relevant decoherence rates. This makes the well-developed tools of cavity quantum electrodynamics with single atoms available in the realm of cavity optomechanics. In this article we elaborate on this scheme and provide detailed derivations and technical comments. Moreover, we give numerical as well as analytical results for a number of possible applications for transfer of squeezed or Fock states from atom to membrane as well as entanglement generation, taking full account of dissipation. In the limit of strong-coupling the preparation and verification of nonclassical states of a mesoscopic mechanical system is within reach. C1 [Wallquist, M.; Hammerer, K.; Zoller, P.; Genes, C.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Wallquist, M.; Hammerer, K.; Zoller, P.; Genes, C.] Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Quantum Opt & Quantum Commun, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Wallquist, M.; Hammerer, K.; Zoller, P.; Ye, J.; Kimble, H. J.] CALTECH, Norman Bridge Lab Phys 12 33, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Ludwig, M.; Marquardt, F.] Univ Munich, Dept Phys, Ctr NanoSci, D-80333 Munich, Germany. [Ludwig, M.; Marquardt, F.] Univ Munich, Arnold Sommerfeld Ctr Theoret Phys, D-80333 Munich, Germany. [Treutlein, P.] Univ Munich, Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, D-80799 Munich, Germany. [Treutlein, P.] Univ Munich, Dept Phys, D-80799 Munich, Germany. [Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ye, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Wallquist, M (reprint author), Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, Technikerstr 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RI Wallquist, Margareta/F-7966-2010; Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Marquardt, Florian/C-2533-2008; Treutlein, Philipp/H-6158-2012; Zoller, Peter/O-1639-2014; genes, claudiu/A-5043-2017; Hammerer, Klemens/C-3538-2008 OI Marquardt, Florian/0000-0003-4566-1753; Treutlein, Philipp/0000-0001-9025-9574; Zoller, Peter/0000-0003-4014-1505; Hammerer, Klemens/0000-0002-7179-0666 NR 39 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2010 VL 81 IS 2 AR 023816 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.81.023816 PG 17 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 562RW UT WOS:000275072500186 ER PT J AU Janssen, Y Kim, MS Park, KS Wu, LS Marques, C Bennett, MC Chen, Y Li, J Huang, Q Lynn, JW Aronson, MC AF Janssen, Y. Kim, M. S. Park, K. S. Wu, L. S. Marques, C. Bennett, M. C. Chen, Y. Li, J. Huang, Q. Lynn, J. W. Aronson, M. C. TI Determination of the magnetic structure of Yb3Pt4:k=0 local-moment antiferromagnet SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; QUANTUM CRITICALITY; LATTICE-CONSTANTS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; SPACE-GROUPS; TRANSITIONS; HORH4B4; GROWTH; METALS AB We have used neutron-diffraction measurements to study the zero-field magnetic structure of the intermetallic compound Yb3Pt4, which was earlier found to order antiferromagnetically at the Neel temperature T-N = 2.4 K, and displays a field-driven quantum-critical point at 1.6 T. In Yb3Pt4, the Yb moments sit on a single low-symmetry site in the rhombohedral lattice with space group R (3) over bar. The Yb ions form octahedra with edges that are twisted with respect to the hexagonal unit cell, a twisting that results in every Yb ion having exactly one Yb nearest neighbor. Below T-N, we found new diffracted intensity due to a k=0 magnetic structure. This magnetic structure was compared to all symmetry-allowed magnetic structures and was subsequently refined. The best-fitting magnetic-structure model is antiferromagnetic and involves pairs of Yb nearest neighbors on which the moments point almost exactly toward each other. This structure has moment components within the ab plane as well as parallel to the c axis although the easy magnetization direction lies in the ab plane. Our magnetization results suggest that besides the crystal-electric-field anisotropy, anisotropic exchange favoring alignment along the c axis is responsible for the overall direction of the ordered moments. The magnitude of the ordered Yb moments in Yb3Pt4 is 0.81 mu(B)/Yb at 1.4 K. The analysis of the bulk properties, the size of the ordered moment, and the observation of well-defined crystal-field levels argue that the Yb moments are spatially localized in zero field. C1 [Janssen, Y.; Kim, M. S.; Park, K. S.; Aronson, M. C.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Park, K. S.; Wu, L. S.; Marques, C.; Bennett, M. C.; Aronson, M. C.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Chen, Y.; Li, J.; Huang, Q.; Lynn, J. W.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chen, Y.; Li, J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Janssen, Y (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM yjanssen@bnl.gov RI Park, Keeseong/B-2435-2012; Wu, Liusuo/A-5611-2016 OI Wu, Liusuo/0000-0003-0103-5267 FU U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; National Science Foundation [NSF-DMR0405961]; National Institute of Standards and Technology; U. S. Department of Commerce FX We are indebted to A. S. Wills, A. Kreyssig, P. Stephens, A. Moodenbaugh, W. Ratcliff, and P. Khalifah for valuable discussions and for help with experiments. Work at the Brookhaven National Laboratory was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Work at Stony Brook University was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. NSF-DMR0405961. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U. S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2010 VL 81 IS 6 AR 064401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.064401 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 561SB UT WOS:000274998100052 ER PT J AU Kuznetsova, I Gogh, N Forstner, J Meier, T Cundiff, ST Varga, I Thomas, P AF Kuznetsova, I. Gogh, N. Foerstner, J. Meier, T. Cundiff, S. T. Varga, I. Thomas, P. TI Modeling excitonic line shapes in weakly disordered semiconductor nanostructures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; QUANTUM-WELLS; COHERENT; ABSORPTION; SIGNATURES; SPECTRA AB Excitonic spectra of weakly disordered semiconductor heterostructures are simulated on the basis of a one-dimensional tight-binding model. The influence of the length scale of weak disorder in quantum wells on the redshift of the excitonic peak and its linewidth is studied. By calculating two-dimensional Fourier-transform spectra we are able to determine the contribution of disorder to inhomogeneous and also to homogeneous broadenings separately. This disorder-induced dephasing is related to a Fano-type coupling and leads to contributions to the homogeneous linewidth that depends on energy within the inhomogeneously broadened line. The model includes heavy-and light-hole excitons and yields smaller inhomogeneous broadening for the light-hole exciton if compared to the heavy-hole exciton, which agrees qualitatively with the experiment. C1 [Kuznetsova, I.; Foerstner, J.; Meier, T.] Univ Gesamthsch Paderborn, Fak Nat Wissensch, Dept Phys, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany. [Kuznetsova, I.; Foerstner, J.; Meier, T.] Univ Gesamthsch Paderborn, CeOPP, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany. [Gogh, N.; Thomas, P.] Univ Marburg, Dept Phys, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. [Gogh, N.; Thomas, P.] Univ Marburg, Ctr Mat Sci, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. [Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cundiff, S. T.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Varga, I.] Budapest Univ Technol & Econ, Inst Phys, Dept Theoret Phys, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary. RP Kuznetsova, I (reprint author), Univ Gesamthsch Paderborn, Fak Nat Wissensch, Dept Phys, Warburger Str 100, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany. RI Forstner, Jens/D-1251-2009; Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Varga, Imre/A-9282-2008 OI Forstner, Jens/0000-0001-7059-9862; Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; FU DFG [FO 637/1-1, 1464]; John-vonNeumann Institute fur Computing (NIC), Julich, Germany FX This work has been supported by the DFG through the Emmy Noether Program Grant No. FO 637/1-1 and the DFG Research Training Group GRK 1464, and by the John-vonNeumann Institute fur Computing (NIC), Julich, Germany. NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2010 VL 81 IS 7 AR 075307 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.075307 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 561SC UT WOS:000274998200079 ER PT J AU Ueland, BG Gardner, JS Williams, AJ Dahlberg, ML Kim, JG Qiu, Y Copley, JRD Schiffer, P Cava, RJ AF Ueland, B. G. Gardner, J. S. Williams, A. J. Dahlberg, M. L. Kim, J. G. Qiu, Y. Copley, J. R. D. Schiffer, P. Cava, R. J. TI Coexisting magnetic order and cooperative paramagnetism in the stuffed pyrochlore Tb2+xTi2-2xNbxO7 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GADOLINIUM GALLIUM GARNET; SPIN LIQUID-STATE; ANTIFERROMAGNET TB2TI2O7; FRUSTRATED MAGNET; SCATTERING; CRYSTAL; ENTROPY AB Neutron-scattering and magnetization measurements have been performed on the stuffed pyrochlore system Tb2+xTi2-2xNbxO7. We find that despite the introduction of chemical disorder and increasingly antiferromagnetic interactions, a spin-glass transition does not occur for T >= 1.5 K and cooperative paramagnetic behavior exists for all x. For x=1, Tb3NbO7, an antiferromagnetically ordered state coexisting with cooperative paramagnetic behavior is seen without applying any external fields or pressure, a situation advantageous for studying this cooperative behavior. C1 [Ueland, B. G.; Gardner, J. S.; Qiu, Y.; Copley, J. R. D.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gardner, J. S.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Williams, A. J.; Kim, J. G.; Cava, R. J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Williams, A. J.; Kim, J. G.; Cava, R. J.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Mat Inst, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Dahlberg, M. L.; Schiffer, P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Dahlberg, M. L.; Schiffer, P.] Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Qiu, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Ueland, BG (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bgueland@nist.gov RI Ueland, Benjamin/B-2312-2008; Schiffer, Peter/F-3227-2011; Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013; OI Ueland, Benjamin/0000-0001-9784-6595; Schiffer, Peter/0000-0002-6430-6549 FU NRC/NIST; NSF [DMR-0454672, DMR-0701582, DMR-0703095] FX We gratefully acknowledge helpful discussions and exchanges with M. A. Green, P. Zajdel, and J. W. Lynn, support from the NRC/NIST Postdoctoral Associateship Program, and NSF Grants No. DMR-0454672, No. DMR-0701582, and No. DMR-0703095. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2010 VL 81 IS 6 AR 060408 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.060408 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 561SB UT WOS:000274998100011 ER PT J AU Mansfield, ML Douglas, JF AF Mansfield, Marc L. Douglas, Jack F. TI Influence of variable hydrodynamic interaction strength on the transport properties of coiled polymers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID EXCLUDED-VOLUME INTERACTIONS; MONTE-CARLO CALCULATION; KIRKWOOD-RISEMAN MODEL; TO-GLOBULE TRANSITION; INTRINSIC-VISCOSITY; THETA-POINT; RESIDUAL INTERACTIONS; DILUTE-SOLUTION; FRICTION; MACROMOLECULES AB We have computed the hydrodynamic radius R(h) and intrinsic viscosity [eta] of a large number of random coil polymer models by path integration. We examine the effects of chain length, solvent quality, monomer size and shape, and chain stiffness on the approach of these transport properties to the limit of large molecular mass. For many of the models, we have also calculated the ensemble-averaged solvent velocity field in the vicinity of the coil as it moves with constant drift velocity under the action of an external force. Naive scaling arguments predict alpha=nu and beta=3 nu-1, where alpha, beta, and nu are the exponents controlling the chain length behavior of R(h), [eta], and R(g), respectively. We present evidence for a "draining crossover" that quantifies the slow convergence of the transport properties to their asymptotic scaling behavior. Indeed, the convergence is so slow that effective alpha and beta exponents rarely agree with the naive predictions at typical molecular masses. For the same chain models, R(g) converges rapidly to its asymptotic behavior, indicating that the effect is not due to a crossover from theta to swollen behavior, as often stated. Solvent quality, monomer size, and chain stiffness all influence the draining crossover. Our results call into question the common practice of extracting metrical data, e.g., characteristic ratios, directly from polymer solution transport properties. C1 [Mansfield, Marc L.] Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem Chem Biol & Biomed Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mansfield, ML (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem Chem Biol & Biomed Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. EM marc.mansfield@stevens.edu; jack.douglas@nist.gov NR 55 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD FEB PY 2010 VL 81 IS 2 AR 021803 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.81.021803 PN 1 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 562LY UT WOS:000275053700075 PM 20365586 ER PT J AU Zastrau, U Audebert, P Bernshtam, V Brambrink, E Kampfer, T Kroupp, E Loetzsch, R Maron, Y Ralchenko, Y Reinholz, H Ropke, G Sengebusch, A Stambulchik, E Uschmann, I Weingarten, L Forster, E AF Zastrau, U. Audebert, P. Bernshtam, V. Brambrink, E. Kaempfer, T. Kroupp, E. Loetzsch, R. Maron, Y. Ralchenko, Yu. Reinholz, H. Roepke, G. Sengebusch, A. Stambulchik, E. Uschmann, I. Weingarten, L. Foerster, E. TI Temperature and K alpha-yield radial distributions in laser-produced solid-density plasmas imaged with ultrahigh-resolution x-ray spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID IGNITION; SCATTERING; PULSES AB We study warm dense matter formed by subpicosecond laser irradiation at several 10(19) W/cm(2) of thin Ti foils using x-ray spectroscopy with high spectral (E/Delta E similar to 15,000) and one-dimensional spatial (Delta x=13.5 mu m) resolutions. Ti K alpha doublets modeled by line-shape calculations are compared with Abel-inverted single-pulse experimental spectra and provide radial distributions of the bulk-electron temperature and the absolute-photon number K alpha yield in the target interiors. A core with similar to 40 eV extends homogeneously up to ten times the laser-focus size. The spatial distributions of the bulk-electron temperature and K alpha yield are strongly correlated. C1 [Zastrau, U.; Kaempfer, T.; Loetzsch, R.; Uschmann, I.; Foerster, E.] Univ Jena, Inst Opt & Quantenelekt, D-07743 Jena, Germany. [Audebert, P.; Brambrink, E.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, CEA UMR 7605, Lab Utilisat Laser Intenses, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Bernshtam, V.; Kroupp, E.; Maron, Y.; Stambulchik, E.; Weingarten, L.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Fac Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Ralchenko, Yu.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Reinholz, H.; Roepke, G.; Sengebusch, A.] Univ Rostock, Inst Phys, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. RP Zastrau, U (reprint author), Univ Jena, Inst Opt & Quantenelekt, Max Wien Pl 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany. EM ulf.zastrau@uni-jena.de RI Ralchenko, Yuri/B-7687-2011; Stambulchik, Evgeny/K-1816-2012; Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016; OI Stambulchik, Evgeny/0000-0002-7100-8793; Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554; Zastrau, Ulf/0000-0002-3575-4449 FU German Research Foundation (DFG); German-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development (GIF) [I-880-135.7/2005]; German Federal Ministry for Education and Research [FSP 301-FLASH] FX We are grateful to D. Salzmann, E. Nardi, and M. Deutsch for fruitful discussions. We thankfully acknowledge financial support by the German Research Foundation (DFG), the German-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development (GIF) via Grant No. I-880-135.7/2005, and the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research via Project No. FSP 301-FLASH. NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD FEB PY 2010 VL 81 IS 2 AR 026406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.81.026406 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 562LZ UT WOS:000275053800048 PM 20365664 ER PT J AU Seely, JF Szabo, CI Audebert, P Brambrink, E Tabakhoff, E Hudson, LT AF Seely, J. F. Szabo, C. I. Audebert, P. Brambrink, E. Tabakhoff, E. Hudson, L. T. TI Lateral propagation of MeV electrons generated by femtosecond laser irradiation SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article DE aluminium; dysprosium; gadolinium; hafnium; high-speed optical techniques; ionisation; plasma accelerators; plasma interactions; plasma production by laser; space charge; tungsten ID FAST IGNITER RESEARCH; COLLISIONLESS ABSORPTION; PLASMA INTERACTIONS; SOLID INTERACTIONS; HOT-ELECTRONS; TARGETS; PULSES; PENETRATION; INHIBITION; DEPOSITION AB The propagation of MeV electrons generated by intense (approximate to 10(20) W/cm(2)) femtosecond laser irradiation, in the lateral direction perpendicular to the incident laser beam, was studied using targets consisting of irradiated metal wires and neighboring spectator wires embedded in electrically conductive (aluminum) or resistive (Teflon) substrates. The K shell spectra in the energy range 40-60 keV from wires of Gd, Dy, Hf, and W were recorded by a transmission crystal spectrometer. The spectra were produced by 1s electron ionization in the irradiated wire and by energetic electron propagation through the substrate material to the spectator wire of a different metal. The electron range and energy were determined from the relative K shell emissions from the irradiated and spectator wires separated by varying substrate lateral distances of up to 1 mm. It was found that electron propagation through Teflon was inhibited, compared to aluminum, implying a relatively weak return current and incomplete space-charge neutralization. The energetic electron propagation in the direction parallel to the electric field of the laser beam was larger than perpendicular to the electric field. Energetic electron production was lower when directly irradiating aluminum or Teflon compared to irradiating the heavy metal wires. These experiments are important for the determination of the energetic electron production mechanism and for understanding lateral electron propagation that can be detrimental to fast-ignition fusion and hard x-ray backlighter radiography. C1 [Seely, J. F.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Szabo, C. I.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Ecole Normale Super, Lab Kastler Brossel, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Audebert, P.; Brambrink, E.; Tabakhoff, E.] Ecole Polytech, LULI, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Hudson, L. T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Seely, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.seely@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; Helmholtz Association [HA216/EMMI] FX We thank Paul Indelicato and Alexander Gumberidze for supporting the experiments, Glenn Holland for expert technical assistance, and Uri Feldman for valuable discussions. The work at the Naval Research Laboratory was supported by the Office of Naval Research. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper in order to specify the experimental procedure adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the U. S. government, nor is it intended to imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. The Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB) is "Unite Mixte de Recherche du CNRS, de l'ENS et de l'UPMC No. 8552." The LKB group was supported by the Helmholtz Alliance Program of the Helmholtz Association, Contract No. HA216/EMMI "Extremes of Density and Temperature: Cosmic Matter in the Laboratory." NR 56 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD FEB PY 2010 VL 17 IS 2 AR 023102 DI 10.1063/1.3298734 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 562DE UT WOS:000275028700030 ER PT J AU Kim, S Aladjem, MI McFadden, GB Kohn, KW AF Kim, Sohyoung Aladjem, Mirit I. McFadden, Geoffrey B. Kohn, Kurt W. TI Predicted Functions of MdmX in Fine-Tuning the Response of p53 to DNA Damage SO PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID P53-MDM2 FEEDBACK LOOP; MOLECULAR INTERACTION MAPS; IN-VIVO; BIOREGULATORY NETWORKS; SWITCH; ACTIVATION; APOPTOSIS; SYSTEMS; MODEL; PHOSPHORYLATION AB Tumor suppressor protein p53 is regulated by two structurally homologous proteins, Mdm2 and MdmX. In contrast to Mdm2, MdmX lacks ubiquitin ligase activity. Although the essential interactions of MdmX are known, it is not clear how they function to regulate p53. The regulation of tumor suppressor p53 by Mdm2 and MdmX in response to DNA damage was investigated by mathematical modeling of a simplified network. The simplified network model was derived from a detailed molecular interaction map (MIM) that exhibited four coherent DNA damage response pathways. The results suggest that MdmX may amplify or stabilize DNA damage-induced p53 responses via non-enzymatic interactions. Transient effects of MdmX are mediated by reservoirs of p53: MdmX and Mdm2: MdmX heterodimers, with MdmX buffering the concentrations of p53 and/or Mdm2. A survey of kinetic parameter space disclosed regions of switch-like behavior stemming from such reservoir-based transients. During an early response to DNA damage, MdmX positively or negatively regulated p53 activity, depending on the level of Mdm2; this led to amplification of p53 activity and switch-like response. During a late response to DNA damage, MdmX could dampen oscillations of p53 activity. A possible role of MdmX may be to dampen such oscillations that otherwise could produce erratic cell behavior. Our study suggests how MdmX may participate in the response of p53 to DNA damage either by increasing dependency of p53 on Mdm2 or by dampening oscillations of p53 activity and presents a model for experimental investigation. C1 [Kim, Sohyoung; Aladjem, Mirit I.; Kohn, Kurt W.] NCI, Mol Pharmacol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [McFadden, Geoffrey B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Kim, S (reprint author), NCI, Mol Pharmacol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM aladjemm@mail.nih.gov; kohnk@dc37a.nci.nih.gov RI Aladjem, Mirit/G-2169-2010; McFadden, Geoffrey/A-7920-2008; OI Aladjem, Mirit/0000-0002-1875-3110; McFadden, Geoffrey/0000-0001-6723-2103; Kim, Sohyoung/0000-0002-6140-7918 FU NIH, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research FX This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 48 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-734X J9 PLOS COMPUT BIOL JI PLoS Comput. Biol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 6 IS 2 AR e1000665 DI 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000665 PG 18 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 565AI UT WOS:000275260000029 PM 20174603 ER PT J AU Brown, JD AF Brown, James D. TI Prospects for the open treatment of uncertainty in environmental research SO PROGRESS IN PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Review DE confidence; ensemble prediction; environmental modeling; Information Deficit Model; probability; risk ID ENSEMBLE STREAMFLOW PREDICTIONS; NATIONAL-WEATHER-SERVICE; CHAIN MONTE-CARLO; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FORECAST VERIFICATION; MODEL UNCERTAINTY; DECISION-MAKING; PROBABILITY FORECASTS; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS AB Current treatments of uncertainty in environmental research embody several myths about the causes and consequences of imperfect knowledge, namely: (1) the dominant role of environmental factors in controlling uncertainty, such as system complexity, non-linearity and space-time variability, rather than social and psychological factors; (2) the primacy of observations in locating, quantifying, and reducing uncertainty; and (3) the value of technical assessments of uncertainty in 'risk-based decision-making'. While the identification and treatment of specific sources of uncertainty remain impractical in some areas of environmental research, a source-based approach is increasingly used in environmental modeling. Here, selected sources of uncertainty are quantified with probability distributions and propagated to model outputs (a forward problem), while data are used to calibrate these estimates and reduce uncertainty (an inverse problem). More generally, current treatments of uncertainty and risk are dominated by attempts to quantify, minimize, and control uncertainty. Uncertainty is viewed as an 'information deficit' to be resolved, rather than an inherent product of conducting research. This paper argues for more open treatments of uncertainty in environmental research. Such openness requires an appreciation of the social and psychological causes of uncertainty, the role of observations as imperfect and contingent expressions of visible events, and the myriad ways in which scientific information can be misinterpreted, misused, or sidelined in environmental decision-making. The paper begins with a discussion of the nature and causes of uncertainty in environmental research. A review of current treatments of uncertainty is followed by an analysis of the source-based approach to assessing uncertainty. Prospects for the open treatment of uncertainty are then discussed in terms of circumventing the three 'myths of uncertainty' that characterize recent work in environmental research. C1 [Brown, James D.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Brown, James D.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. RP Brown, JD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, 1325 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM james.d.brown@noaa.gov NR 204 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 25 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0309-1333 EI 1477-0296 J9 PROG PHYS GEOG JI Prog. Phys. Geogr. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 34 IS 1 BP 75 EP 100 DI 10.1177/0309133309357000 PG 26 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 547GP UT WOS:000273875000005 ER PT J AU Hudson, LT Seely, JF AF Hudson, L. T. Seely, J. F. TI Laser-produced X-ray sources SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Forum on Future Directions in Atomic and Condensed Matter Research and Applications CY SEP 22-23, 2008 CL Parkville, AUSTRALIA DE Strong-field science; High-energy-density physics; X-ray metrology; Laser-produced plasmas; X-ray diagnostics; X-ray lasers; Laser-wake field; Inverse Compton; High-harmonic generation ID PLASMA INTERACTIONS; CRYSTAL SPECTROMETER; HARMONIC-GENERATION; INTENSE; ACCELERATION; INJECTION; PULSES; IGNITION; FIELD; SPECTROSCOPY AB A formidable array of advanced laser systems are emerging that produce extreme states of light and matter. By irradiating solid and gaseous targets with lasers of increasing energy densities, new physical regimes of radiation effects are being explored for the first time in controlled laboratory settings. One result that is being accomplished or pursued using a variety of techniques, is the realization of novel sources of X-rays with unprecedented characteristics and light-matter interactions, the mechanisms of which are in many cases still being elucidated. Examples include the megajoule class of laser-produced plasmas designed in pursuit of alternative-energy and security applications and the petawatt class of lasers used for fast ignition and X-ray radiographic applications such as medical imaging and real-time imaging of plasma hydrodynamics. As these technologies mature, increased emphasis will need to be placed on advanced instrumentation and diagnostic metrology to characterize the spectra, time structure, and absolute brightness of X-rays emitted by these unconventional sources. Such customized and absolutely calibrated measurement tools will serve as an enabling technology that can help in assessing the overall system performance and progress. as well as identification of the underlying interaction mechanisms of interest to basic and applied strong-field and high-energy-density science. Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 [Hudson, L. T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Seely, J. F.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hudson, LT (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM larry.hudson@nist.gov NR 50 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-806X J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM JI Radiat. Phys. Chem. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 79 IS 2 BP 132 EP 138 DI 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2009.01.012 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 532PY UT WOS:000272763100004 ER PT J AU Chung, KH Reitsma, MG AF Chung, Koo-Hyun Reitsma, Mark G. TI Note: Lateral force microscope calibration using multiple location pivot loading of rectangular cantilevers SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article DE atomic force microscopy; calibration; cantilevers; friction; torque measurement ID TORSIONAL SPRING CONSTANT; FRICTION AB This note outlines a calibration method for atomic force microscope friction measurement that uses the "pivot" method of [Bogdanovic , Colloids Surf. B 19, 397 (2000)] to generate optical lever sensitivities for known torque applied to rectangular cantilevers. We demonstrate the key calibration parameter to be a linear function of the position at which it is determined along the length of the cantilevers. In this way the optical lever system can be calibrated for cantilever torque by applying loads at locations along the length of a cantilever, away from the integrated tip, so that issues such as tip damage or interference can be avoided. C1 [Chung, Koo-Hyun; Reitsma, Mark G.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chung, KH (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mark.reitsma@nist.gov RI Chung, KooHyun/O-3042-2013 OI Chung, KooHyun/0000-0002-9092-6784 NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 81 IS 2 AR 026104 DI 10.1063/1.3276709 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 562DB UT WOS:000275028400208 PM 20192521 ER PT J AU Talin, AA Leonard, F Katzenmeyer, AM Swartzentruber, BS Picraux, ST Toimil-Molares, ME Cederberg, JG Wang, X Hersee, SD Rishinaramangalum, A AF Talin, A. A. Leonard, F. Katzenmeyer, A. M. Swartzentruber, B. S. Picraux, S. T. Toimil-Molares, M. E. Cederberg, J. G. Wang, X. Hersee, S. D. Rishinaramangalum, A. TI Transport characterization in nanowires using an electrical nanoprobe SO SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR NANOWIRES; GAN-NANOWIRES; INAS NANOWIRES; GROWTH; HETEROSTRUCTURES; TRANSISTORS; MECHANISM; BATTERY; EPITAXY; DEVICES AB Electrical transport in semiconductor nanowires is commonly measured in a field effect transistor configuration, with lithographically defined source, drain and in some cases, top gate electrodes. This approach is labor intensive, requires high-end fabrication equipment, exposes the nanowires to extensive processing chemistry and places practical limitations on minimum nanowire length. Here we describe an alternative, simple method for characterizing electrical transport in nanowires directly on the growth substrate, without any need for post growth processing. Our technique is based on contacting nanowires using a nano-manipulator probe retrofitted inside of a scanning electron microscope. Using this approach, we characterize electrical transport in GaN nanowires grown by catalyst-free selective epitaxy, as well as InAs and Ge nanowires grown by a Au-catalyzed vapor solid liquid technique. We find that in situations where contacts are not limiting carrier injection (GaN and InAs nanowires), electrical transport transitions from Ohmic conduction at low bias to space-charge-limited conduction at higher bias. Using this transition and a theory of space-charge-limited transport which accounts for the high aspect ratio nanowires, we extract the mobility and the free carrier concentration. For Ge nanowires, we find that the Au catalyst forms a Schottky contact resulting in rectifying current-voltage characteristics, which are strongly dependent on the nanowire diameter. This dependence arises due to an increase in depletion width at decreased nanowire diameter and carrier recombination at the nanowire surface. C1 [Talin, A. A.; Toimil-Molares, M. E.] NIST, Ctr Nanosci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Leonard, F.; Katzenmeyer, A. M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Swartzentruber, B. S.; Cederberg, J. G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Picraux, S. T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Wang, X.; Hersee, S. D.; Rishinaramangalum, A.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Talin, AA (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanosci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM atalin@nist.gov; fleonar@sandia.gov RI Toimil-Molares, Maria Eugenia/B-3199-2010; Toimil-Molares, Maria Eugenia/C-5946-2015; Katzenmeyer, Aaron/F-7961-2014 OI Katzenmeyer, Aaron/0000-0002-5755-8537 FU United States Department of Energy [DEAC01-94-AL85000, DE-AC52-06NA25396]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Sandia; National Science Foundation (NSF) [EEC-0812056] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under contract no DEAC01-94-AL85000. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract no DE-AC52-06NA25396. This work was performed in part at the U.S. Department of Energy, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, at Los Alamos National Laboratory and Sandia National Laboratories, and supported in part by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Sandia. Part of this work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) SMART LIGHTING Center (# EEC-0812056). NR 41 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 52 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0268-1242 EI 1361-6641 J9 SEMICOND SCI TECH JI Semicond. Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 25 IS 2 SI SI AR 024015 DI 10.1088/0268-1242/25/2/024015 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 546YU UT WOS:000273852300016 ER PT J AU Erickson, RP Pappas, DP AF Erickson, R. P. Pappas, D. P. TI A model of magnetic impurities within the Josephson junction of a phase qubit SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENCE; FIELD; MASER AB We consider a superconducting phase qubit consisting of a monocrystalline sapphire Josephson junction with its symmetry axis perpendicular to the junction interfaces. Via the London gauge, we present a theoretical model of Fe(3+) magnetic impurities within the junction that describes the effect of a low concentration of such impurities on the operation of the qubit. Specifically, we derive an interaction Hamiltonian expressed in terms of angular momentum states of magnetic impurities and low-lying oscillator states of a current-biased phase qubit. We discuss the coupling between the qubit and impurities within the model near resonance. When the junction is biased at an optimal point for acting as a phase qubit, with a phase difference of pi/2 and impurity concentration no greater than 0.05%, we find only a slight decrease in the Q factor of less than 0.01%. C1 [Erickson, R. P.; Pappas, D. P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Erickson, RP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. FU US Government FX We would like to thank Fabio da Silva, Danielle Braje, Clare Yu, Matthias Steffen, and Ray Simmonds for helpful comments and suggestions during the course of this research. This work was supported by the US Government. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 23 IS 2 AR 025026 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/23/2/025026 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 546JU UT WOS:000273807900030 ER PT J AU Lu, XF Hampshire, DP AF Lu, Xi Feng Hampshire, Damian P. TI The field, temperature and strain dependence of the critical current density of a powder-in-tube Nb3Sn superconducting strand SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIGH MAGNETIC-FIELDS; NIOBIUM-TIN; SCALING LAW; MODEL COIL; WIRES; CONDUCTORS; TAPES; TRANSITION; TESTS AB We present critical current density (J(C)) data as a function of magnetic field, temperature (4.2 K <= T <= 14 K) and intrinsic strain (epsilon(I)) for a high performance powder-in-tube (PIT) Nb3Sn strand. Although the critical current density is very high, it is demonstrated that there is no stronger strain sensitivity than for Nb3Sn strands of other types and that the reversible strain window encompasses at least -0.60% < epsilon(I) < 0.25%. The n-value of the PIT Nb3Sn strand, derived from the electric field-current density (E-J) characteristics, is two or three times larger than those of strands made using other production processes. However, the normalized n-index as a function of intrinsic strain still shows a similar behaviour to those for other strands. The relation between the n-index and the critical current is described by the empirical power law of the form n = 1 + rI(C)(s), where r and s are approximately 3 and 0.5 respectively. We conclude that the increase in J(C) and the n-value for PIT strands is achieved while maintaining good tolerance to strain. C1 [Lu, Xi Feng; Hampshire, Damian P.] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Superconduct Grp, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Lu, XF (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO USA. EM xifeng.lu@nist.gov; d.p.hampshire@durham.ac.uk RI Lu, Xifeng/D-9582-2011; OI Hampshire, Damian/0000-0001-8552-8514 NR 55 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 23 IS 2 AR 025002 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/23/2/025002 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 546JU UT WOS:000273807900006 ER PT J AU Ramonet, M Ciais, P Aalto, T Aulagnier, C Chevallier, F Cipriano, D Conway, TJ Haszpra, L Kazan, V Meinhardt, F Paris, JD Schmidt, M Simmonds, P Xueref-Remy, I Necki, JN AF Ramonet, Michel Ciais, Philippe Aalto, Tuula Aulagnier, Celine Chevallier, Frederic Cipriano, Domenico Conway, Thomas J. Haszpra, Laszlo Kazan, Victor Meinhardt, Frank Paris, Jean-Daniel Schmidt, Martina Simmonds, Peter Xueref-Remy, Irene Necki, Jaroslaw N. TI A recent build-up of atmospheric CO2 over Europe. Part 1: observed signals and possible explanations SO TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; TRANSPORT MODELS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SIMULATION; METHANE; SENSITIVITY; EMISSIONS; FINLAND; STATION; FLUXES AB We analysed interannual and decadal changes in the atmospheric CO2 concentration gradient (delta CO2) between Europe and the Atlantic Ocean over the period 1995-2007. Fourteen measurement stations are used, with Mace-Head being used to define background conditions. The variability of delta CO2 reflects fossil fuel emissions and natural sinks activity over Europe, as well as atmospheric transport variability. The mean delta CO2 increased by 1-2 ppm at Eastern European stations (similar to 30% growth), between 1990-1995 and 2000-2005. This built up of CO2 over the continent is predominantly a winter signal. If the observed increase of delta CO2 is explained by changes in ecosystem fluxes, a loss of about 0.46 Pg C per year would be required during 2000-2005. Even if severe droughts have impacted Western Europe in 2003 and 2005, a sustained CO2 loss of that magnitude is unlikely to be true. We sought alternative explanations for the observed CO2 build-up into transport changes and into regional redistribution of fossil fuel CO2 emissions. Boundary layer heights becoming shallower can only explain 32% of the variance of the signal. Regional changes of emissions may explain up to 27% of the build-up. More insights are given in the Aulagnier et al. companion paper. C1 [Ramonet, Michel; Ciais, Philippe; Aulagnier, Celine; Chevallier, Frederic; Kazan, Victor; Paris, Jean-Daniel; Schmidt, Martina; Xueref-Remy, Irene] UVSQ, CNRS, CEA, IPSL,LSCE, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Haszpra, Laszlo] Hungarian Meteorol Serv, H-1675 Budapest, Hungary. [Meinhardt, Frank] Umweltbundesamt, D-79196 Kirchzarten, Germany. [Aalto, Tuula] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Helsinki 00880, Finland. [Cipriano, Domenico] Ctr Elettrotecn Sperimentale Italiano, I-20134 Milan, Italy. [Conway, Thomas J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Simmonds, Peter] Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Bristol, Avon, England. [Necki, Jaroslaw N.] AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Krakow, Poland. RP Ramonet, M (reprint author), UVSQ, CNRS, CEA, IPSL,LSCE, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM michel.ramonet@lsce.ipsl.fr RI Aalto, Tuula/P-6183-2014; Chevallier, Frederic/E-9608-2016 OI Aalto, Tuula/0000-0002-3264-7947; Chevallier, Frederic/0000-0002-4327-3813 FU EU FX This work has been done within the framework of the EU project CARBOEUROPE-IP. The authors acknowledge the OPGC/LaMP technical staff for the operations at Puy de Dome, to Gerry Spain for the maintenance of the CO2 analyser at Mace Head, and more generally to all the people working at the monitoring stations to provide the long term high precision measurements. Many thanks to Anton Beljaars for his advice on the ECMWF data. NR 42 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0280-6509 J9 TELLUS B JI Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 62 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2009.00442.x PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 542FM UT WOS:000273478400001 ER PT J AU Tripodi, AD Sievering, H AF Tripodi, A. D. Sievering, H. TI The photosynthetic response of a high-altitude spruce forest to nitrogen amendments with implications for gross primary productivity SO TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC N DEPOSITION; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; CONIFER FOREST; NIWOT RIDGE; BOREAL FOREST; CANOPY UPTAKE; GAS-EXCHANGE; ELEVATED CO2; AMINO-ACIDS AB Characterizing the capacity of the terrestrial biome to absorb CO(2) is one of the most pressing topics in climate science. One of the key players in this arena is also one of the most poorly understood: the role of nitrogen deposition. While N deposition seems to fertilize some forests, in others it has been blamed for forest decline and tree mortality. In order to further understand the role of N deposition in forest primary productivity, an in situ N-amendment study was conducted in a relatively high N deposition region of the CO Rocky Mountains over 3 yr. Chlorophyll fluorometry is a non-invasive technique that allows for the characterization of photosynthetic efficiency and photoinhibition in plants. Analysis of chlorophyll fluorometry data showed that in this tree line forest, moderate amounts of additional N significantly lower the photosynthetic efficiency of individual branches when compared to control branches, while significantly improving the non-photochemical dissipation of excess absorbed energy. This suggests that in high-altitude spruce forests receiving relatively high N inputs, GPP may be impaired by continued chronic additions of N. One potential cause of this is an increase in the light harvesting capacity of N amended branches without a concurrent increase in photosynthesis. C1 [Sievering, H.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Tripodi, A. D.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Denver, CO 80217 USA. [Sievering, H.] Univ Colorado, Long Term Ecol Res Program, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. RP Sievering, H (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Herman.Sievering@colorado.edu RI Tripodi, Amber/A-2655-2017 OI Tripodi, Amber/0000-0001-7368-6638 FU NSF; Niwot Ridge Long-Term Ecological Research [DEB-0423662]; University of Colorado Mountain Research Station FX Logistical support and supplemental data were provided by the NSF supported Niwot Ridge Long-Term Ecological Research project (#DEB-0423662) and the University of Colorado Mountain Research Station. Additional assistance was provided by Casey Flynn, Anobha Gurung, Christine Seibold, Tim Tomaszewski and Mark Williams. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0280-6509 J9 TELLUS B JI Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 62 IS 1 BP 59 EP 68 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2009.00447.x PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 542FM UT WOS:000273478400005 ER PT J AU Mehra, A Rivin, I AF Mehra, Avichal Rivin, Ilya TI A Real Time Ocean Forecast System for the North Atlantic Ocean SO TERRESTRIAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Ocean modeling; Operational oceanography; Hybrid models ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; OPEN BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; GULF-STREAM; MEAN CIRCULATION; COASTAL CURRENT; WATER MASSES; FRESH-WATER; BAFFIN-BAY; FLOW-FIELD; TRANSPORT AB The Real Time Ocean Forecast System (RTOFS) for the North Atlantic is an ocean forecast system based on the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM). HYCOM is the result of a collaborative effort between the University of Miami, the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), and the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), as part of a multi-institutional HYCOM Consortium for Data-Assimilative Ocean Modeling funded by the National Ocean Partnership Program (NOPP) to develop and evaluate a data-assimilative hybrid isopycnal-sigma-pressure (generalized) coordinate ocean model. This paper describes the RTOFS-Atlantic, an operational real time ocean nowcast/forecast system for the North Atlantic running daily at National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). C1 [Mehra, Avichal] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Rivin, Ilya] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Mehra, A (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Avichal.Mehra@noaa.gov NR 51 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU CHINESE GEOSCIENCE UNION PI TAIPEI PA PO BOX 23-59, TAIPEI 10764, TAIWAN SN 1017-0839 J9 TERR ATMOS OCEAN SCI JI Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 21 IS 1 SI SI BP 211 EP 228 DI 10.3319/TAO.2009.04.16.01(IWNOP) PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 575MS UT WOS:000276071800015 ER PT J AU Bottein, MYD Fuquay, JM Munday, R Selwood, AI van Ginkel, R Miles, CO Loader, JI Wilkins, AL Ramsdell, JS AF Bottein, Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Fuquay, Jennifer Maucher Munday, Rex Selwood, Andrew I. van Ginkel, Roel Miles, Christopher O. Loader, Jared I. Wilkins, Alistair L. Ramsdell, John S. TI Bioassay methods for detection of N-palmitoylbrevetoxin-B2 (BTX-B4) SO TOXICON LA English DT Article DE Brevetoxin; BTX-B2; N-palmitoylbrevetoxin-B2 (BTX-B4); Bioassay; Metabolism; Fatty acid conjugate; Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning ID OYSTER CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; RED-TIDE DINOFLAGELLATE; SENSITIVE SODIUM-CHANNELS; PTYCHODISCUS-BREVIS; NEW-ZEALAND; BREVETOXIN METABOLISM; CONTROLLED EXPOSURES; GREENSHELL MUSSELS; KARENIA-BREVIS; GYMNODINIUM AB Brevetoxins (BTXs) are a class of cyclic polyether toxins produced by the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis. These substances are subject to extensive conjugative metabolism in shellfish. BTX-B forms a conjugate with cysteine and is oxidized and reduced to yield BTXB2, which is further modified by fatty acid addition via cysteine amide linkage to give biologically active brevetoxin metabolites. In this study, we evaluated the commonly used in vitro (ELISA, radioimmunoassay, receptor binding assay and N2A cytotoxicity assay) and in vivo mouse brevetoxin bioassays for the detection of the brevetoxin fatty acid conjugate N-palmitoylBTX-B2, and compared the results to those for dihydroBTX-B and BTX-B2. The receptor binding assay for N-palmitoylBTX-B2 showed comparable sensitivity to that for dihydroBTX-B, and an 11-fold higher sensitivity than for BTX-B2. Although the ELISA showed similarly high sensitivity to dihydroBTX-B and BTX-B2, with EC(50) values of ca. 0.26 ng/ml, it was 23 times less sensitive to N-palmitoylBTX-B2. On the other hand, the N2A cytotoxicity assay was highly sensitive to N-palmitoylBTX-B2, with an EC(50) of 0.15 ng/ml, but was 12- and 40-fold less sensitive to dihydroBTX-B and BTX-B2, respectively. The relative sensitivity of the N2A cytotoxicity assay for each of these metabolites paralleled that of the mouse bioassay (relative LD(50) values 1:20:30 for N-palmitoylBTX-B2:dihydroBTX-B:BTX-B2). We conclude that the most sensitive bioassay for dihydroBTX-B and BTX-B2 is the ELISA, whereas the N2A cytotoxicity assay is most sensitive for N-palmitoylBTX-B2. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bottein, Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui; Fuquay, Jennifer Maucher; Ramsdell, John S.] NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Munday, Rex; Miles, Christopher O.; Loader, Jared I.] Ruakura Agr Res Ctr, Hamilton, New Zealand. [Selwood, Andrew I.; van Ginkel, Roel] Cawthron Inst, Nelson, New Zealand. [Miles, Christopher O.; Wilkins, Alistair L.] Natl Vet Inst, N-0106 Oslo, Norway. [Wilkins, Alistair L.] Univ Waikato, Dept Chem, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand. RP Ramsdell, JS (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM john.ramsdell@noaa.gov FU New Zealand Foundation [AGRX0402]; Marie Curie International Incoming Fellowship [FP7/2007-2013, 221117] FX We thank M. Poli (U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, FT Detrick. Washington D.C) for supplying anti-BTX antibodies, P. Gread (University of Waikato Spectrometry Facility) for obtaining HR-MS spectra, and A.D. Hawkes (AgResearch) for accurate weighing of the products. This work was supported in part by a New Zealand Foundation for Science and Technology Post-doctoral Fellowship (Contract AGRX0402) (to J.I.L.) and a Marie Curie International Incoming Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement No. 221117 (to C.O.M.). NR 25 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD FEB-MAR PY 2010 VL 55 IS 2-3 BP 497 EP 506 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.09.022 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 556GU UT WOS:000274579100040 PM 19819250 ER PT J AU Thessen, AE Soniat, TM Dortch, Q Doucette, GJ AF Thessen, A. E. Soniat, T. M. Dortch, Q. Doucette, G. J. TI Crassostrea virginica grazing on toxic and non-toxic diatoms SO TOXICON LA English DT Article DE Crassostrea virginica; Eastern oyster; Pseudo-nitzschia; ASP; Diatom; Bivalve; Domoic acid; Grazing ID NITZSCHIA SPECIES BACILLARIOPHYCEAE; DOMOIC ACID UPTAKE; PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA; SEA LIONS; PHYTOPLANKTON; INGESTION; SHELLFISH; GIGAS; ACCUMULATION; FILTRATION AB Despite high abundances of toxic Pseudo-nitzschia spp. over Louisiana oyster beds (Crassostrea virginica: eastern oyster) there have been no documented cases of amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) in the state. Two possible explanations are that oysters do not readily feed on long pointed chains of Pseudo-nitzschia cells or they discriminate against toxic cells while grazing. To test these hypotheses, short-term grazing experiments were conducted with several diatoms, including the domoic acid (DA)-producing Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries (1.31 +/- 0.057 pg DA cell(-1)) and the non-toxic Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima, Thalassiosira weissflogii, and Ditylum brightwellii. Grazing rates on the small centric species T weissflogii were significantly higher than on the larger and pointier D. brightwellii and either Pseudo-nitzschia species. Grazing on toxic P multiseries and non-toxic R delicatissima was not significantly different. Pseudofeces production was higher and feces production was occasionally lower in oysters fed Pseudo-nitzschia spp. than in oysters fed the other two diatoms. Our data demonstrate lower filtration rates of C. virginica on Pseudo-nitzschia spp. relative to the other diatoms tested and comparable filtration on toxic and non-toxic Pseudo-nitzschia spp. These findings suggest that eastern oysters do not discriminate amongst food types due to DA content. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Thessen, A. E.; Dortch, Q.] Louisiana Univ Marine Consortium, Cocodrie, LA 70344 USA. [Soniat, T. M.] Nicholls State Univ, Dept Biol, Thibodaux, LA 70310 USA. [Doucette, G. J.] NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Thessen, AE (reprint author), Marine Biol Lab, 7 MBL St, Woods Hole, MA 02556 USA. EM athessen@mbl.edu RI Doucette, Gregory/M-3283-2013; OI Thessen, Anne/0000-0002-2908-3327 FU Louisiana Sea [R108624] FX We thank M. Voison of Motivatit Seafood for supplying some of the oysters used in this study. Samples for DA analysis were extracted by L Davidson and we gratefully acknowledge the expertise of Z. Wang for performing LC-MS/MS measurements. We appreciate the helpful advice of S. Shumway (University of Connecticut), G. Wikfors (Milford Aquaculture Lab, NOAA) and R. Romaire (LSU). E. Voisin, D. Chauvin, W. Morrison and K. Kemper helped with sample collection. R. Newell contributed valuable comments and advice. The text was greatly improved by the comments of an anonymous reviewer. The research was funded by Louisiana Sea Grant R108624. NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD FEB-MAR PY 2010 VL 55 IS 2-3 BP 570 EP 579 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.10.011 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 556GU UT WOS:000274579100049 PM 19835902 ER PT J AU Chung, SH Pierce, DT Unguris, J AF Chung, S. -H. Pierce, D. T. Unguris, J. TI Simultaneous measurement of magnetic vortex polarity and chirality using scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis (SEMPA) SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Magnetic vortex; Magnetic vortex core; Scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis (SEMPA); Micromagnetic simulation (OOMMF) AB The magnetic vortex structure is an equilibrium configuration frequently found in patterned magnetic nanostructures. It is characterized by an in-plane curling of the magnetization with clockwise or anticlockwise chirality and by an out-of-plane vortex core that can have a positive or negative polarity. The small size of the vortex core, on the order of 10 nm, makes it technologically interesting due to potential data storage, but also difficult to measure or image directly. In this work, we used Scanning Electron Microscopy with Polarization Analysis (SEMPA) to directly image magnetic vortex cores in patterned NiFe/Ta bilayer structures. With SEMPA we can simultaneously measure the in-plane and the out-of-plane component of the surface magnetization and thereby determine both the vortex chirality and the vortex core polarity in a single measurement. Our magnetic simulation of the vortex core, considering only the exchange and magnetostatic energy, is in good agreement with the SEMPA measurement of the magnetization when other experimental factors are taken into account. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Chung, S. -H.; Pierce, D. T.; Unguris, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chung, S. -H.] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Unguris, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.unguris@nist.gov RI Unguris, John/J-3989-2014 FU NIST-CNST/UMD-NanoCenter Cooperative Agreement FX This work has been supported in part by the NIST-CNST/UMD-NanoCenter Cooperative Agreement. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD FEB PY 2010 VL 110 IS 3 BP 177 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.ultramic.2009.11.002 PG 5 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 569RB UT WOS:000275615500001 PM 19962242 ER PT J AU Lack, SA Limpert, GL Fox, NI AF Lack, Steven A. Limpert, George L. Fox, Neil I. TI An Object-Oriented Multiscale Verification Scheme SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB Object-oriented verification methodology is becoming more and more common in the evaluation of model performance on high-resolution grids. The research herein describes an advanced version of an object-oriented approach that involves a combination of object identification on multiple scales with Procrustes shape analysis techniques. The multiscale object identification technique relies heavily on a novel Fourier transform approach to associate the signals within convection to different spatial scales. Other features of this new verification scheme include using a weighted cost function that can be user defined for object matching using different criteria, delineating objects that are more linear in character from those that are more cellular, and tagging object matches as hits, misses, or false alarms. Although the scheme contains a multiscale approach for identifying convective objects, standard minimum intensity and minimum size thresholds can be set when desirable. The method was tested as part of a spatial verification intercomparison experiment utilizing a combination of synthetic data and real cases from the Storm Prediction Center (SPC)/NSSL Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model Spring Program 2005. The resulting metrics, including error measures from differences in matched objects due to displacement, dilation, rotation, and intensity, from these cases run through this new, robust verification scheme are shown. C1 [Lack, Steven A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lack, Steven A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Limpert, George L.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Geosci, Lincoln, NE USA. [Fox, Neil I.] Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO USA. RP Lack, SA (reprint author), 325 Broadway,R-GSD5, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM steven.a.lack@noaa.gov OI Fox, Neil/0000-0002-6994-155X FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0434213] FX This research was made possible by National Science Foundation Grant ATM-0434213. George Limpert was funded by the USDA-ARS. The authors thank Sean Madine for helpful comments. NR 9 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 25 IS 1 BP 79 EP 92 DI 10.1175/2009WAF2222245.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 566IG UT WOS:000275362700006 ER PT J AU Brotzge, J Erickson, S AF Brotzge, J. Erickson, S. TI Tornadoes without NWS Warning SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID STORMS-FORECAST-CENTER; UNITED-STATES; WSR-88D RADAR; LEAD TIMES; ENVIRONMENTS; NETWORK; FUTURE; TRENDS AB During a 5-yr period of study from 2000 to 2004, slightly more than 26% of all reported tornadoes across the United States occurred without an NWS warning being issued. This study examines some of the reasons behind why no warnings were issued with these tornadoes, and what climatological, storm classification, and sociological factors may have played a role in the lack of warnings. This dataset of tornado records was sorted by F scale, geographically by region and weather forecast office (WFO), hour of the day, month of the year, tornado pathlength, tornado-to-radar distance, county population density, and number of tornadoes by day and order of occurrence. Results show that the tornadoes most likely to strike when the public is least likely to be aware were also those tornadoes with the greatest chance of not being warned. Singular tornado events (one tornado report per day within a WFO county warning area) and the first tornado report of the day were the most difficult scenarios on which to warn, with over half of all solitary tornado events not warned. Geographic areas that experienced a significant proportion of weak, solitary, and/or nocturnal tornadoes had a much higher ratio of missed warnings. In general, the stronger the tornado, as estimated from its F-scale rating and/or track length, the greater chance it was warned. However, the tornado distance from radar had a significant impact on tornado warning statistics. In addition, many weak tornadoes were not warned, and the overall ratio of missed tornado warnings to reported tornadoes actually increased over more densely populated regions, likely due to more complete postevent verification. C1 [Brotzge, J.] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Erickson, S.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Brotzge, J (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Ste 2500, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM jbrotzge@ou.edu FU National Science Foundation [0313747] FX We thank Brent Macaloney at NWS Headquarters for supplying us with the tornado record data used in this study, Drs. Michael Richman and Larry Toothaker for their statistical expertise, and Christopher Anderson and Roger Edwards for their thorough reviews. This work is supported by the Engineering Research Centers Program of the National Science Foundation under NSF Award 0313747. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the National Science Foundation. NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 25 IS 1 BP 159 EP 172 DI 10.1175/2009WAF2222270.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 566IG UT WOS:000275362700010 ER PT J AU Brotzge, J Hondl, K Philips, B Lemon, L Bass, EJ Rude, D Andra, DL AF Brotzge, J. Hondl, K. Philips, B. Lemon, L. Bass, E. J. Rude, D. Andra, D. L., Jr. TI Evaluation of Distributed Collaborative Adaptive Sensing for Detection of Low-Level Circulations and Implications for Severe Weather Warning Operations SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB The Center for Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere (CASA) is a multiyear engineering research center established by the National Science Foundation for the development of small, inexpensive, low-power radars designed to improve the scanning of the lowest levels (< 3 km AGL) of the atmosphere. Instead of sensing autonomously, CASA radars are designed to operate as a network, collectively adapting to the changing needs of end users and the environment; this network approach to scanning is known as distributed collaborative adaptive sensing (DCAS). DCAS optimizes the low-level volume coverage scanning and maximizes the utility of each scanning cycle. A test bed of four prototype CASA radars was deployed in southwestern Oklahoma in 2006 and operated continuously while in DCAS mode from March through June of 2007. This paper analyzes three convective events observed during April-May 2007, during CASA's intense operation period (IOP), with a special focus on evaluating the benefits and weaknesses of CASA radar system deployment and DCAS scanning strategy of detecting and tracking low-level circulations. Data collected from nearby Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) and CASA radars are compared for mesoscyclones, misocyclones, and low-level vortices. Initial results indicate that the dense, overlapping coverage at low levels provided by the CASA radars and the high temporal (60 s) resolution provided by DCAS give forecasters more detailed feature continuity and tracking. Moreover, the CASA system is able to resolve a whole class of circulations-misocyclones-far better than the WSR-88Ds. In fact, many of these are probably missed completely by the WSR-88D. The impacts of this increased detail on severe weather warnings are under investigation. Ongoing efforts include enhancing the DCAS data quality and scanning strategy, improving the DCAS data visualization, and developing a robust infrastructure to better support forecast and warning operations. C1 [Brotzge, J.] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Hondl, K.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Philips, B.] Univ Massachusetts, Coll Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Lemon, L.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Bass, E. J.; Rude, D.] Univ Virginia, Dept Syst & Informat Engn, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Andra, D. L., Jr.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Brotzge, J (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Ste 2500, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM jbrotzge@ou.edu RI Rude, Don/B-2386-2008 OI Rude, Don/0000-0001-8194-0405 FU Engineering Research Centers Program of the National Science Foundation [EEC-0313747] FX This work was supported by the Engineering Research Centers Program of the National Science Foundation under NSF Cooperative Agreement EEC-0313747. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the National Science Foundation. We also thank three anonymous reviewers for their careful reviews and valuable feedback, which greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. NR 23 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 25 IS 1 BP 173 EP 189 DI 10.1175/2009WAF2222233.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 566IG UT WOS:000275362700011 ER PT J AU Kaplan, J DeMaria, M Knaff, JA AF Kaplan, John DeMaria, Mark Knaff, John A. TI A Revised Tropical Cyclone Rapid Intensification Index for the Atlantic and Eastern North Pacific Basins SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CONVECTIVE VERTICAL MOTIONS; HURRICANE-OPAL 1995; SAHARAN AIR LAYER; GULF-OF-MEXICO; INTENSITY FORECASTS; INNER-CORE; PART II; BUOYANCY; SYSTEM AB A revised rapid intensity index (RII) is developed for the Atlantic and eastern North Pacific basins. The RII uses large-scale predictors from the Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction Scheme (SHIPS) to estimate the probability of rapid intensification (RI) over the succeeding 24 h utilizing linear discriminant analysis. Separate versions of the RII are developed for the 25-, 30-, and 35-kt RI thresholds, which represent the 90th (88th), 94th (92nd), and 97th (94th) percentiles of 24-h overwater intensity changes of tropical and subtropical cyclones in the Atlantic (eastern North Pacific) basins from 1989 to 2006, respectively. The revised RII became operational at the NHC prior to the 2008 hurricane season. The relative importance of the individual RI predictors is shown to differ between the two basins. Specifically, the previous 12-h intensity change, upper-level divergence, and vertical shear have the highest weights for the Atlantic basin, while the previous 12-h intensity change, symmetry of inner-core convection, and the difference in a system's current and maximum potential intensity are weighted highest in the eastern North Pacific basin. A verification of independent forecasts from the 2006 and 2007 hurricane seasons shows that the probabilistic RII forecasts are generally skillful in both basins when compared to climatology. Moreover, when employed in a deterministic manner, the RII forecasts were superior to all other available operational intensity guidance in terms of the probability of detection (POD) and false alarm ratio (FAR). Specifically, the POD for the RII ranged from 15% to 59% (53% to 73%) while the FAR ranged from 71% to 85% (53% to 79%) in the Atlantic (eastern North Pacific) basins, respectively, for the three RI thresholds studied. Nevertheless, the modest POD and relatively high FAR of the RII and other intensity guidance demonstrate the difficulty of predicting RI, particularly in the Atlantic basin. C1 [Kaplan, John] NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [DeMaria, Mark; Knaff, John A.] NOAA, NESDIS, Reg & Mesoscale Meteorol Team, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Kaplan, J (reprint author), NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM john.kaplan@noaa.gov RI Knaff, John /F-5599-2010; DeMaria, Mark/F-5583-2010; Kaplan, John/A-8709-2014 OI Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409; Kaplan, John/0000-0002-7253-3039 FU NOAA Joint Hurricane Testbed (JHT) FX We wish to thank Paul Leighton of HRD and Nicholas Carrasco (University of Miami-HRD) for their valuable assistance in writing the computer code that was used to verify the deterministic RI forecasts and the TPC/NHC hurricane specialists for their helpful feedback and suggestions during the course of this study. Robert DeMaria of Colorado State University wrote the code to plot the tracks of the RI cases. This manuscript was greatly improved by the helpful suggestions of Dr. Frank Marks and Jason Dunion of HRD, as well as the thoughtful reviews of Michael Split and two anonymous reviewers. This research was supported, in part, by grants from the NOAA Joint Hurricane Testbed (JHT). The views, opinions, and findings in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U. S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 37 TC 109 Z9 113 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 25 IS 1 BP 220 EP 241 DI 10.1175/2009WAF2222280.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 566IG UT WOS:000275362700014 ER PT J AU Schwartz, CS Kain, JS Weiss, SJ Xue, M Bright, DR Kong, FY Thomas, KW Levit, JJ Coniglio, MC Wandishin, MS AF Schwartz, Craig S. Kain, John S. Weiss, Steven J. Xue, Ming Bright, David R. Kong, Fanyou Thomas, Kevin W. Levit, Jason J. Coniglio, Michael C. Wandishin, Matthew S. TI Toward Improved Convection-Allowing Ensembles: Model Physics Sensitivities and Optimizing Probabilistic Guidance with Small Ensemble Membership SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; WRF MODEL; RAINFALL; SKILL; VERIFICATION; SIMULATION; RESOLUTION; MESOSCALE; SYSTEM; NWP AB During the 2007 NOAA Hazardous Weather Testbed Spring Experiment, the Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms (CAPS) at the University of Oklahoma produced a daily 10-member 4-km horizontal resolution ensemble forecast covering approximately three-fourths of the continental United States. Each member used the Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-ARW) model core, which was initialized at 2100 UTC, ran for 33 h, and resolved convection explicitly. Different initial condition (IC), lateral boundary condition (LBC), and physics perturbations were introduced in 4 of the 10 ensemble members, while the remaining 6 members used identical ICs and LBCs, differing only in terms of microphysics (MP) and planetary boundary layer (PBL) parameterizations. This study focuses on precipitation forecasts from the ensemble. The ensemble forecasts reveal WRF-ARW sensitivity to MP and PBL schemes. For example, over the 7-week experiment, the Mellor-Yamada-Janjic PBL and Ferrier MP parameterizations were associated with relatively high precipitation totals, while members configured with the Thompson MP or Yonsei University PBL scheme produced comparatively less precipitation. Additionally, different approaches for generating probabilistic ensemble guidance are explored. Specifically, a ``neighborhood'' approach is described and shown to considerably enhance the skill of probabilistic forecasts for precipitation when combined with a traditional technique of producing ensemble probability fields. C1 [Schwartz, Craig S.; Xue, Ming; Wandishin, Matthew S.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Kain, John S.; Coniglio, Michael C.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Weiss, Steven J.; Bright, David R.; Levit, Jason J.] NOAA, NWS, Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK USA. [Xue, Ming; Kong, Fanyou; Thomas, Kevin W.] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Wandishin, Matthew S.] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Schwartz, CS (reprint author), NCAR, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM schwartz@ucar.edu RI Xue, Ming/F-8073-2011 OI Xue, Ming/0000-0003-1976-3238 FU National Science Foundation FX The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 54 TC 82 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 25 IS 1 BP 263 EP 280 DI 10.1175/2009WAF2222267.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 566IG UT WOS:000275362700016 ER PT J AU Zhou, BB Du, J AF Zhou, Binbin Du, Jun TI Fog Prediction from a Multimodel Mesoscale Ensemble Prediction System SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; SOUTHWEST UNITED-STATES; RADIATION FOG; LOW CLOUDS; SEA FOG; MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION; VERIFICATION; SKILL; SIMULATION AB A new multivariable-based diagnostic fog-forecasting method has been developed at NCEP. The selection of these variables, their thresholds, and the influences on fog forecasting are discussed. With the inclusion of the algorithm in the model postprocessor, the fog forecast can now be provided centrally as direct NWP model guidance. The method can be easily adapted to other NWP models. Currently, knowledge of how well fog forecasts based on operational NWP models perform is lacking. To verify the new method and assess fog forecast skill, as well as to account for forecast uncertainty, this fog-forecasting algorithm is applied to a multimodel-based Mesoscale Ensemble Prediction System (MEPS). MEPS consists of 10 members using two regional models [the NCEP Nonhydrostatic Mesoscale Model (NMM) version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and the NCAR Advanced Research version of WRF (ARW)] with 15-km horizontal resolution. Each model has five members (one control and four perturbed members) using the breeding technique to perturb the initial conditions and was run once per day out to 36 h over eastern China for seven months (February-September 2008). Both deterministic and probabilistic forecasts were produced based on individual members, a one-model ensemble, and two-model ensembles. A case study and statistical verification, using both deterministic and probabilistic measuring scores, were performed against fog observations from 13 cities in eastern China. The verification was focused on the 12-and 36-h forecasts. By applying the various approaches, including the new fog detection scheme, ensemble technique, multi-model approach, and the increase in ensemble size, the fog forecast accuracy was steadily and dramatically improved in each of the approaches: from basically no skill at all [equitable threat score (ETS) = 0.063] to a skill level equivalent to that of warm-season precipitation forecasts of the current NWP models (0.334). Specifically, 1) the multivariable-based fog diagnostic method has a much higher detection capability than the liquid water content (LWC)-only based approach. Reasons why the multivariable approach works better than the LWC-only method were also illustrated. 2) The ensemble-based forecasts are, in general, superior to a single control forecast measured both deterministically and probabilistically. The case study also demonstrates that the ensemble approach could provide more societal value than a single forecast to end users, especially for low-probability significant events like fog. Deterministically, a forecast close to the ensemble median is particularly helpful. 3) The reliability of probabilistic forecasts can be effectively improved by using a multimodel ensemble instead of a single-model ensemble. For a small ensemble such as the one in this study, the increase in ensemble size is also important in improving probabilistic forecasts, although this effect is expected to decrease with the increase in ensemble size. C1 [Zhou, Binbin; Du, Jun] NOAA, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Zhou, Binbin] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Zhou, BB (reprint author), NOAA, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM binbin.zhou@noaa.gov NR 74 TC 27 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 17 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 25 IS 1 BP 303 EP 322 DI 10.1175/2009WAF2222289.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 566IG UT WOS:000275362700019 ER PT J AU Gonser, MJ Lippold, JC Dickinson, DW Sowards, JW Ramirez, AJ AF Gonser, M. J. Lippold, J. C. Dickinson, D. W. Sowards, J. W. Ramirez, A. J. TI Characterization of Welding Fume Generated by High-Mn Consumables SO WELDING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Hardfacing Consumable; High-Mn Electrodes; Welding Fume; Fume Generation; FCAW; SMAW AB The welding fume generated by two high-Mn hardfacing welding electrodes was evaluated using a range of fume collection and characterization techniques.This study included a shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) electrode and a flux-cored arc welding (FCAW) electrode both manufactured by Lincoln Electric Co. Data collected previously using an E6010 SMAW electrode were used for comparison. The fume generation rates under nominal welding conditions were relatively high, averaging 0.84 and 3.1 g/min for the SMAW and FCAW electrodes, respectively. Fume particle size and mass distribution were determined using an electrical low-pressure impactor (ELPI). This technique showed that the largest number fraction of fume particles for both electrodes was in the fine (0.1-2.5 mu m) and ultrafine (< 0.1 mu m) particle size regimes, while the largest mass fraction of fume particles was in the fine regime. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of bulk fume particles identified strong peaks for Fe3O4, MnFe2O4, and FeMn2O4 in the SMAW fume, while strong peaks for Fe3O4, MnFe2O4, and smaller peaks for CaF2 and NaF were identified in the FCAW fume. Morphologically, the fume particles were typically spherical, present either as individual particles or multiparticle agglomerates. The SMAW fume particles contained high levels of Fe and Mn and suggested that Mn substitutes for Fe in the Fe3O4 lattice, resulting in Mn : Fe3O4 (Mn doped magnetite)having the same crystal structure as magnetite. Analysis of individual fume particles and agglomerates using X-ray nergydispersive spectroscopy (XEDS) in conjunction with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the SMAW fume contained Fe, Mn, Mg, Si, Na, F, and O. The only phase that was unequivocally identified by selected area diffraction (SAD) in the TEM was Mn : Fe3O4. Agglomerates consisting of many small particles (10 to 30 nm) analyzed by SAD were shown to have an Fe-rich Mn : Fe3O4 crystal structure. TEM analysis of the FCAW fume revealed two basic types of fume particles. Most of the particles were roughly spherical with diameters ranging from 100 to 200 nm, while some were in the form of agglomerates of very small particles (Fe3O4) with diameters from 10 to 50 nm. SAD was used to identify individual square particles (equivalent to 150 nm) as Mn : Fe3O4. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyze the fume particle surface chemistry and generate compositional depth profiles by a sputter etching technique. These results showed an increase in Fe and Mn concentration upon etching, suggesting that a thin shell of different composition than the bulk particle is present on the particle surface. C1 Ohio State Univ, Weld & Join Metall Grp, Columbus, OH USA. Natl Inst Stand Technol, Boulder, CO USA. Brazilian Synchrot Light Lab, Campinas, SP, Brazil. RP Gonser, MJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Weld & Join Metall Grp, Columbus, OH USA. EM gonser.7@osu.edu RI Sowards, Jeffrey/D-3521-2012 OI Sowards, Jeffrey/0000-0003-0629-4938 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER WELDING SOC PI MIAMI PA 550 N W LEJEUNE RD, MIAMI, FL 33126 USA SN 0043-2296 J9 WELD J JI Weld. J. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 89 IS 2 BP S25 EP S33 PG 9 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 550XP UT WOS:000274167600014 ER PT J AU Yoo, SJ Cypher, D Golmie, N AF Yoo, Sang-Jo Cypher, David Golmie, Nada TI Timely Effective Handover Mechanism in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks SO WIRELESS PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Seamless handover; Link triggers; Prediction; Heterogeneous wireless networks ID CHALLENGES AB Next-generation wireless networks should be able to coordinate and integrate different communication systems. It has been a challenging problem to support a seamless handover in these diverse wireless network environments. Link level triggers can provide information about events which can help handover decision and layer 3 entities better streamline their handover related activities. In most conventional layer 2 triggering approaches, a pre-defined threshold for a specific perspective such as the received signal strength is used. This may cause too late or too early handover executions. In this paper we propose a new predictive handover framework that uses the neighbor network information to generate timely the link triggers so that the required handover procedures can appropriately finish before the current link goes down. First we estimate a required handover time for the given neighbor network conditions, then using a predictive link triggering mechanism the handover start time is dynamically determined to minimize handover costs. The handover costs are analyzed in terms of the total required handover time and the service disruption time. The numerical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed method significantly enhances the handover performance in heterogeneous wireless networks. C1 [Yoo, Sang-Jo] Inha Univ, Inchon 402751, South Korea. [Cypher, David; Golmie, Nada] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yoo, SJ (reprint author), Inha Univ, 253 Yonghyun Dong, Inchon 402751, South Korea. EM sjyoo@inha.ac.kr; david.cypher@nist.gov; nada.golmie@nist.gov FU NIST/Office of Law Enforcement Standards (OLES); MKE, Korea FX This research was supported by the NIST/Office of Law Enforcement Standards (OLES). This research was supported by the MKE, Korea, under the ITRC support program supervised by IITA (IITA-2008-C1090-0801-0019). NR 19 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-6212 J9 WIRELESS PERS COMMUN JI Wirel. Pers. Commun. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 52 IS 3 BP 449 EP 475 DI 10.1007/s11277-008-9633-8 PG 27 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA 544RO UT WOS:000273676900003 ER PT J AU Griffith, D Rouil, R Golmie, N AF Griffith, David Rouil, Richard Golmie, Nada TI Performance Metrics for IEEE 802.21 Media Independent Handover (MIH) Signaling SO WIRELESS PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Media Independent Handover (MIH); TCP; UDP; Handover latency; Signaling overhead ID MODEL AB The IEEE 802.21 Media Independent Handover (MIH) working group is developing a set of mechanisms to facilitate migration of mobile users between access networks that use different link-layer technologies. Among these are mobility managers that create and process signaling messages to facilitate handovers. The MIH signaling architecture being developed in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) allows any transport layer protocol to carry MIH messages. The IETF has considered using the unreliable but lightweight transport available with the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) as well as the reliable stream-oriented transport with congestion control offered by the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). In this paper we develop mathematical models that result in expressions for the characteristic function of the time required to complete exchanges of an arbitrary number of MIH signaling messages between a mobile node (MN) and a remote mobility manager (MM). Our models also provide expressions for the average amount of overhead associated with MIH message exchanges due to retransmissions either by the MIH signaling entities or by the transport-layer protocol. In addition, we provide simulation results that confirm the results from the mathematical model and illustrate the effect of varying transport parameters such as the TCP maximum retransmission timeout. C1 [Griffith, David; Rouil, Richard; Golmie, Nada] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Adv Network Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Griffith, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Adv Network Technol Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8920, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.griffith@nist.gov FU Office of Law Enforcement Standards (OLES) FX The authors would like to thank the members of the IETF MIPSHOP MIH design team for many helpful discussions, especially Juan Carlos Zuniga and Telemaco Melia. This work was supported in part by the Office of Law Enforcement Standards (OLES). NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-6212 J9 WIRELESS PERS COMMUN JI Wirel. Pers. Commun. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 52 IS 3 BP 537 EP 567 DI 10.1007/s11277-008-9629-4 PG 31 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA 544RO UT WOS:000273676900007 ER PT J AU Stafford, KM Moore, SE Stabeno, PJ Holliday, DV Napp, JM Mellinger, DK AF Stafford, Kathleen M. Moore, Sue E. Stabeno, Phyllis J. Holliday, D. V. Napp, Jeffrey M. Mellinger, David K. TI Biophysical ocean observation in the southeastern Bering Sea SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALES; REQUIREMENTS; VARIABILITY; SHELF AB Integrated ocean observation, from physical and atmospheric forcing mechanisms to the distribution and abundance of top-level predators, is critical to the investigation of marine ecosystems and the impact of climate change on them. We integrated data from a biophysical mooring in the southeast Bering Sea to create a one-year snapshot of ocean dynamics in this remote large marine ecosystem. Distinct patterns in production (chlorophyll), zooplankton biovolume (copepods and euphausiids) and the occurrence of zooplankton predators (fin and right whales) were defined and related to discrete features in the annual physical cycle. Peaks in prey and predator cycles were linked to spikes in fluorescence that occurred at the onset of water column stratification in late spring 2006 and the appearance of sea ice in late winter 2007. These data illustrate the capability and potential of integrated ocean observing systems (IOOS) to describe seasonal variability and linkages in a remote marine ecosystem. Citation: Stafford, K. M., S. E. Moore, P. J. Stabeno, D. V. Holliday, J. M. Napp, and D. K. Mellinger (2010), Biophysical ocean observation in the southeastern Bering Sea, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L02606, doi:10.1029/2009GL040724. C1 [Stafford, Kathleen M.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Stabeno, Phyllis J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Napp, Jeffrey M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Moore, Sue E.] NOAA, NMFS, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Holliday, D. V.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92117 USA. [Mellinger, David K.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Mellinger, David K.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR USA. RP Stafford, KM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, 1013 NE 40th St, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM stafford@apl.washington.edu FU NOAA [NA17RJ1362]; North Pacific Research Board [B52, 719]; US Navy's Environmental Readiness Division [N00244-08-1-0029, N00244-09-1-0079] FX The eastern Bering Sea moorings were supported by NOAA's North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity Program (NPCREP) and the North Pacific Research Board (projects B52 and 719). DKM was supported by awards NA17RJ1362 from NOAA and N00244-08-1-0029 and N00244-09-1-0079 from the US Navy's Environmental Readiness Division. This is NPRB publication 234 and contribution N736 to NOAA's Ecosystems and Fisheries Oceanography Coordinated Investigations (EcoFOCI). NR 18 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 30 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L02606 DI 10.1029/2009GL040724 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 550KL UT WOS:000274126600001 ER PT J AU Shen, Y Xiong, AY Wang, Y Xie, PP AF Shen, Yan Xiong, Anyuan Wang, Ying Xie, Pingping TI Performance of high-resolution satellite precipitation products over China SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL LAND PRECIPITATION; RAIN-GAUGE DATA; SPACE-TIME CLIMATE; DIURNAL CYCLE; ESTIMATION ALGORITHMS; PASSIVE MICROWAVE; UNITED-STATES; EAST-ASIA; TRMM; VARIABILITY AB A gauge-based analysis of hourly precipitation is constructed on a 0.25 degrees latitude/longitude grid over China for a 3 year period from 2005 to 2007 by interpolating gauge reports from similar to 2000 stations collected and quality controlled by the National Meteorological Information Center of the China Meteorological Administration. Gauge-based precipitation analysis is applied to examine the performance of six high-resolution satellite precipitation estimates, including Joyce et al.'s (2004) Climate Prediction Center Morphing Technique (CMORPH) and the arithmetic mean of the microwave estimates used in CMORPH; Huffman et al.'s (2007) Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation product 3B42 and its real-time version 3B42RT; Turk et al.'s (2004) Naval Research Laboratory blended product; and Hsu et al.'s (1997) Precipitation Estimation From Remotely Sensed Information Using Artificial Neural Network (PERSIANN). Our results showed the following: (1) all six satellite products are capable of capturing the overall spatial distribution and temporal variations of precipitation reasonably well; (2) performance of the satellite products varies for different regions and different precipitation regimes, with better comparison statistics observed over wet regions and for warm seasons; (3) products based solely on satellite observations present regionally and seasonally varying biases, while the gauge-adjustment procedures applied in TRMM 3B42 remove the large-scale bias almost completely; (4) CMORPH exhibits the best performance in depicting the spatial pattern and temporal variations of precipitation; and (5) both the relative magnitude and the phase of the warm season precipitation over China are estimated quite well, but the early morning peak associated with the Mei-Yu rainfall over central eastern China is substantially under-estimated by all satellite products. C1 [Shen, Yan; Xiong, Anyuan; Wang, Ying] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Meteorol Informat Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Xie, Pingping] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Shen, Y (reprint author), China Meteorol Adm, Natl Meteorol Informat Ctr, 46 Zhongguancun S Ave, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM sheny@cma.gov.cn FU China Meteorological Administration [GYHY(QX)2-7-6-5] FX This work is supported by the Construction of an Analysis, Data Storage and Sharing System for the East Asia Climate Program (GYHY(QX)2-7-6-5) of the China Meteorological Administration. The authors would like to thank Lin Zhou, Zijiang Zhou, and Yingrui Sun at the National Meteorological Information Center of the China Meteorological Administration for their encouragement and support of this work. Discussions with Jian-Yin Liang led to a refined research strategy for the work described in this paper. Comments from three anonymous reviewers helped improve greatly the quality of this paper. NR 58 TC 83 Z9 99 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 30 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D02114 DI 10.1029/2009JD012097 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 550KT UT WOS:000274127400001 ER PT J AU Montzka, SA Kuijpers, L Battle, MO Aydin, M Verhulst, KR Saltzman, ES Fahey, DW AF Montzka, S. A. Kuijpers, L. Battle, M. O. Aydin, M. Verhulst, K. R. Saltzman, E. S. Fahey, D. W. TI Recent increases in global HFC-23 emissions SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIRN; AIR; ATMOSPHERE; HCFC-22 AB Firn-air and ambient air measurements of CHF(3) (HFC-23) from three excursions to Antarctica between 2001 and 2009 are used to construct a consistent Southern Hemisphere (SH) atmospheric history. The results show atmospheric mixing ratios of HFC-23 continuing to increase through 2008. Mean global emissions derived from this data for 2006-2008 are 13.5 +/- 2 Gg/yr (200 +/- 30 x 10(12) gCO(2)-equivalent/yr, or MtCO(2)-eq./yr), similar to 50% higher than the 8.7 +/- 1 Gg/yr (130 +/- 15 MtCO(2)-eq./yr) derived for the 1990s. HFC-23 emissions arise primarily from over-fluorination of chloroform during HCFC-22 production. The recent global emission increases are attributed to rapidly increasing HCFC-22 production in developing countries since reported HFC-23 emissions from developed countries decreased over this period. The emissions inferred here for developing countries during 2006-2008 averaged 11 +/- 2 Gg/yr HFC-23 (160 +/- 30 MtCO(2)-eq./yr) and are larger than the similar to 6 Gg/yr of HFC-23 destroyed in United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Clean Development Mechanism projects during 2007 and 2008. Citation: Montzka, S. A., L. Kuijpers, M. O. Battle, M. Aydin, K. R. Verhulst, E. S. Saltzman, and D. W. Fahey (2010), Recent increases in global HFC-23 emissions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L02808, doi:10.1029/2009GL041195. C1 [Montzka, S. A.; Fahey, D. W.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kuijpers, L.] Tech Univ Eindhoven, Eindhoven Ctr Sustainabil, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. [Battle, M. O.] Bowdoin Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. [Aydin, M.; Verhulst, K. R.; Saltzman, E. S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Fahey, D. W.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Montzka, SA (reprint author), NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, ESRL, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM stephen.a.montzka@noaa.gov RI Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400 FU NOAA's Climate Program Office; NFS [OPP-440602, OPP-0636953, OPP-0440509] FX We acknowledge insightful discussions with M. McFarland and B. Miller. We thank B. Miller, L. Miller, B. Hall, C. Siso, and J. Elkins for technical assistance, sample analysis and logistics support. Firn samples were collected by J. Butler, J. Bastide, A. Clarke, M. Dreier, T. Sowers and the firn core was drilled by L. Albertshardt, B. Bergeron, T. Gacke, J. Kyne, M. Waskewicz, and T. Wendricks. We thank M. Bender for support with firn sampling and unpublished 15N data from SPO'08-09; J. Severinghaus for unpublished 15N data from at the WAIS-D and SPO'01 samplings; and T. Conway and P. Lang for measurements of CO2 from firn flasks. This work was supported in part by the Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program of NOAA's Climate Program Office and by NFS grants OPP-440602, OPP-0636953, and OPP-0440509. NR 21 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 29 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L02808 DI 10.1029/2009GL041195 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 550KI UT WOS:000274126300003 ER PT J AU Xu, XD Lu, CG Shi, XH Ding, YH AF Xu, Xiangde Lu, Chungu Shi, Xiaohui Ding, Yihui TI Large-scale topography of China: A factor for the seasonal progression of the Meiyu rainband? SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON; TIBETAN PLATEAU; YANGTZE-RIVER; RAINFALL; VALLEY; PERIOD; SEA AB Monsoon rainfall has been the major precipitation source for many East Asian countries, particularly China. This rainfall typically forms as a band with a distinctive northwestward movement from early spring to midsummer and is known as the Meiyu front. Meiyu rainfall constitutes a part of the East Asian monsoon. As spring transitions into summer, the thermal contrast between the land and the ocean drives the monsoon's circulation. The topography of western China's highlands further intensifies this thermal contrast. The present study tries to analyze how Meiyu rainfall responds to the intensification of the monsoon's driving force by China's large-scale topography. In particular, the cascade of western China's elevated lands toward the northeast seems to act as a "dynamic attractor'' that causes the Meiyu rainband to move to the northwest. When this monsoonal rainfall is fully developed along the foot of China's western highlands, the westerly downslope winds stop the convection, resulting in an abrupt cessation of the Meiyu rainband. The general topographic feature of China clearly defines the low-plain climate as wet versus the plateau climate as arid or semiarid. Analyses of precipitation, water vapor, Earth's surface and near-surface air temperatures, and atmospheric circulation provide a clear picture of this land-ocean-atmosphere interaction. C1 [Xu, Xiangde; Shi, Xiaohui] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Lu, Chungu] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ding, Yihui] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Climate Ctr, Beijing 100000, Peoples R China. RP Xu, XD (reprint author), Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM chungu.lu@noaa.gov FU Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2009DFB20540, 2007DFB20210]; China-Japan Meteorological Disaster Cooperative Research Center; LASW [2009LASWZF02, 2008LASWZI04]; Key Project of Basic Scientific Research and Operation for Meteorological Sciences [2008Z006] FX This research was jointly funded by the International Sci-Tech Cooperative Project (2009DFB20540, 2007DFB20210) funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, China-Japan Meteorological Disaster Cooperative Research Center (the China-Japan intergovernmental cooperation program supported by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)), the Independent Research Project of LASW (2009LASWZF02, 2008LASWZI04), and the Key Project of Basic Scientific Research and Operation for Meteorological Sciences (2008Z006). The authors would like to thank Ann Reiser for editing this paper. NR 26 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 28 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D02110 DI 10.1029/2009JD012444 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 550KR UT WOS:000274127200003 ER PT J AU Perkins, BG Nesbitt, DJ AF Perkins, Bradford G., Jr. Nesbitt, David J. TI Stereodynamics at the Gas-Liquid Interface: Orientation and Alignment of CO2 Scattered from Perfluorinated Liquid Surfaces SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYER; DIRECT INELASTIC-SCATTERING; INCIDENT COLLISION ENERGY; MOLECULAR-BEAM; TRANSLATIONAL ENERGY; TRAPPING DESORPTION; HYDROCARBON LIQUIDS; APROTIC GASES; O(P-3) ATOMS; DYNAMICS AB Rotational orientation/alignment dynamics of CO2 scattered from a perfluorinated polyether (PFPE) liquid surface has been investigated via direct absorption experimental Studies and theoretical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Experimentally, polarization modulation of a single mode diode laser is combined with lock-in detection to measure circular/linear IR polarizance due to CO2 scattering from the surface at theta(inc) = 60 degrees and E-inc = 10.6(8) kcal/mol and probed over a series of final scattering angles, The differential absorption intensities are related through Fano-Macek theory to the three lowest multipole moments (A(0), A(2+), and O1-) which describe collisionally induced Orientation and alignment at the liquid surface. The total scattering population reflects both trapping-desorption (TD) and impulsive scattering (IS) components, with a strong positive anisotropy in the M-J distribution that indicates preferential CO2 scattering from the surface with a forward (i.e., "topspin") sense of end-over-end tumbling. Theoretical trajectory simulations provide 3D CO2 flux and J state distributions scattering from fluorinated self-assembled monolayers (F-SAMs) and are compared with experimental results as it function of final rotational state. Specifically, trends in the theoretical orientation/ alignment moments are in remarkable agreement over the full range of J states but with values consistently overpredicted by nearly 2-fold, which may reflect a higher level of local ordering for F-SAMS vs a gas-PFPE liquid interface. C1 [Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@jila.colorado.edu FU National Science Foundation FX Primary support for this research has been Provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Reports, with,additional equipment and computer funds provided by the National Science Foundation. Additionally, we would like to thank Professors William Hase and Emilio Martinez-Nunez for their help and exceptional insight into the MD simulations, Dr. Michael Deskevich for help with the 3D visualization of the scattering distributions. and Professor Chris Greene for useful discussions regarding the details of Funo-Macek theory. NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JAN 28 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 3 BP 1398 EP 1410 DI 10.1021/jp907022u PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 544QB UT WOS:000273672600023 PM 20039715 ER PT J AU Knill, E AF Knill, Emanuel TI PHYSICS Quantum computing SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NIST, Math & Computat Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Knill, E (reprint author), NIST, Math & Computat Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM emanuel.knill@nist.gov NR 5 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 28 PY 2010 VL 463 IS 7280 BP 441 EP 443 DI 10.1038/463441a PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 548QK UT WOS:000273981100034 PM 20110986 ER PT J AU Victor, BC Vasquez-Yeomans, L Valdez-Moreno, M Wilk, L Jones, DL Lara, MR Caldow, C Shivji, M AF Victor, Benjamin C. Vasquez-Yeomans, Lourdes Valdez-Moreno, Martha Wilk, Leslie Jones, David L. Lara, Monica R. Caldow, Chris Shivji, Mahmood TI The larval, juvenile, and adult stages of the Caribbean goby, Coryphopterus kuna (Teleostei: Gobiidae): a reef fish with a pelagic larval duration longer than the post-settlement lifespan SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Kuna Goby; Gobiidae; gobies; larvae; pelagic larval duration; distribution; biogeography; Caribbean; Atlantic; fishes; DNA; barcode; otoliths; aging; life history ID DELAYED METAMORPHOSIS; PERCIFORMES; SCHINDLERIA; VERTEBRATE; GOBIOIDEI; BARCODE AB Additional larval, juvenile, and adult specimens and live photographs of the Caribbean Kuna Goby, Coryphopterus kuna, expand the known geographic range for the species and allow a comprehensive description of all the life stages for this recently-discovered species, including age and growth estimates from daily otolith increments. The Kuna Goby is found widely throughout the tropical western Atlantic, including southern Florida, Quintana Roo on the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico, Belize, Honduras, Panama, San Andres Island, Bonaire, and Guadeloupe. The additional specimens indicate that C. kuna has a pelvic frenum and that females have a black flag on the outer portion of the first two spinous dorsal-fin membranes, while males have a dark stripe along the mid-length of the spinous dorsal fin. The development of melanophores on pelagic larvae through the transition to settled juvenile is described. The Kuna Goby is a notably small goby: larvae settle around 7-9 mm SL, adults mature at 10-11 mm SL and then only attain about 17 mm SL. Kuna Gobies settle after a 60-day pelagic larval life, and mature rapidly. They are reproductive in as few as three weeks and live for about two months after settlement. This is the first reported fish in which the pelagic larval duration is generally longer than the post-settlement lifespan. C1 [Victor, Benjamin C.] Ocean Sci Fdn, Irvine, CA 92604 USA. [Victor, Benjamin C.; Shivji, Mahmood] Nova SE Univ, Guy Harvey Res Inst, Dania, FL 33004 USA. [Vasquez-Yeomans, Lourdes; Valdez-Moreno, Martha] Colegio Frontera Sur ECOSUR, Chetmal 77014, Quintana Roo, Mexico. [Wilk, Leslie] ReefNet Inc, Mississauga, ON L5L 2W8, Canada. [Jones, David L.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Lara, Monica R.] St Petersburg Coll, Clearwater, FL 33759 USA. [Caldow, Chris] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Victor, BC (reprint author), Ocean Sci Fdn, 4051 Glenwood, Irvine, CA 92604 USA. EM ben@coralreeffish.com NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JAN 28 PY 2010 IS 2346 BP 53 EP 61 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 548SN UT WOS:000273986700005 ER PT J AU Semmens, BX Auster, PJ Paddack, MJ AF Semmens, Brice X. Auster, Peter J. Paddack, Michelle J. TI Using Ecological Null Models to Assess the Potential for Marine Protected Area Networks to Protect Biodiversity SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID REEF FISH DIVERSITY; CORAL-REEFS; SPECIES COOCCURRENCE; HABITAT COMPLEXITY; TROPHIC CASCADES; ASSEMBLY RULES; NESTEDNESS; RESERVES; ABUNDANCE; COMMUNITIES AB Marine protected area (MPA) networks have been proposed as a principal method for conserving biological diversity, yet patterns of diversity may ultimately complicate or compromise the development of such networks. We show how a series of ecological null models can be applied to assemblage data across sites in order to identify non-random biological patterns likely to influence the effectiveness of MPA network design. We use fish census data from Caribbean fore-reefs as a test system and demonstrate that: 1) site assemblages were nested, such that species found on sites with relatively few species were subsets of those found on sites with relatively many species, 2) species co-occurred across sites more than expected by chance once species-habitat associations were accounted for, and 3) guilds were most evenly represented at the richest sites and richness among all guilds was correlated (i.e., species and trophic diversity were closely linked). These results suggest that the emerging Caribbean marine protected area network will likely be successful at protecting regional diversity even if planning is largely constrained by insular, inventory-based design efforts. By recasting ecological null models as tests of assemblage patterns likely to influence management action, we demonstrate how these classic tools of ecological theory can be brought to bear in applied conservation problems. C1 [Semmens, Brice X.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Auster, Peter J.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Auster, Peter J.] Univ Connecticut, Natl Undersea Res Ctr, Groton, CT USA. [Paddack, Michelle J.] Santa Barbara City Coll, Dept Biol, Santa Barbara, CA USA. RP Semmens, BX (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM brice.semmens@noaa.gov FU STAR EPA; National Research Council through the Northwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA; Pew Marine Conservation; UK Natural Environment Resource Council [NE/C004442/1] FX This work was supported by a STAR EPA fellowship and a National Research Council post-doctoral fellowship through the Northwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA, to BXS, a Pew Marine Conservation Fellowship to PJA, and a grant from the UK Natural Environment Resource Council NE/C004442/1 to MJP. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 75 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 21 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 27 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 1 AR e8895 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0008895 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 550FX UT WOS:000274114800010 PM 20111711 ER PT J AU Jiang, K Coffer, JL Gillen, JG Brewer, TW AF Jiang, Ke Coffer, Jeffery L. Gillen, J. Greg Brewer, Timothy W. TI Incorporation of Cesium Borocaptate onto Silicon Nanowires as a Delivery Vehicle for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SODIUM BOROCAPTATE; DRUG-DELIVERY; BRAIN-TUMORS; CELLS C1 [Jiang, Ke; Coffer, Jeffery L.] Texas Christian Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. [Gillen, J. Greg; Brewer, Timothy W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Coffer, JL (reprint author), Texas Christian Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. EM j.coffer@tcu.edu RI Coffer, Jeffery/G-5686-2011; Jiang, Ke/M-6249-2014 OI Jiang, Ke/0000-0001-8369-1211 FU Robert A. Welch Foundation [P-1212] FX Financial Support by the Robert A. Welch Foundation (Grant P-1212) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JAN 26 PY 2010 VL 22 IS 2 BP 279 EP 281 DI 10.1021/cm902513g PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 543LZ UT WOS:000273580700001 ER PT J AU Koster, RD Mahanama, SPP Yamada, TJ Balsamo, G Berg, AA Boisserie, M Dirmeyer, PA Doblas-Reyes, FJ Drewitt, G Gordon, CT Guo, Z Jeong, JH Lawrence, DM Lee, WS Li, Z Luo, L Malyshev, S Merryfield, WJ Seneviratne, SI Stanelle, T van den Hurk, BJJM Vitart, F Wood, EF AF Koster, R. D. Mahanama, S. P. P. Yamada, T. J. Balsamo, Gianpaolo Berg, A. A. Boisserie, M. Dirmeyer, P. A. Doblas-Reyes, F. J. Drewitt, G. Gordon, C. T. Guo, Z. Jeong, J. -H. Lawrence, D. M. Lee, W. -S. Li, Z. Luo, L. Malyshev, S. Merryfield, W. J. Seneviratne, S. I. Stanelle, T. van den Hurk, B. J. J. M. Vitart, F. Wood, E. F. TI Contribution of land surface initialization to subseasonal forecast skill: First results from a multi-model experiment SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; SOIL-MOISTURE; ATMOSPHERE MODEL; TEMPERATURE; SIMULATION; PREDICTION; PRECIPITATION; FORMULATION; SYSTEM; IMPACT AB The second phase of the Global Land-Atmosphere Coupling Experiment (GLACE-2) is aimed at quantifying, with a suite of long-range forecast systems, the degree to which realistic land surface initialization contributes to the skill of subseasonal precipitation and air temperature forecasts. Results, which focus here on North America, show significant contributions to temperature prediction skill out to two months across large portions of the continent. For precipitation forecasts, contributions to skill are much weaker but are still significant out to 45 days in some locations. Skill levels increase markedly when calculations are conditioned on the magnitude of the initial soil moisture anomaly. Citation: Koster, R. D., et al. (2010), Contribution of land surface initialization to subseasonal forecast skill: First results from a multi-model experiment, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L02402, doi:10.1029/2009GL041677. C1 [Koster, R. D.; Mahanama, S. P. P.; Yamada, T. J.; Li, Z.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, GMAO, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Balsamo, Gianpaolo; Vitart, F.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Berg, A. A.; Drewitt, G.] Univ Guelph, Dept Geog, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Boisserie, M.] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Dirmeyer, P. A.; Guo, Z.] Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD 20705 USA. [Doblas-Reyes, F. J.] ICREA, Inst Catala Ciencies Clima, Barcelona, Spain. [Gordon, C. T.] NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Jeong, J. -H.] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Earth Sci, S-41320 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Lawrence, D. M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Lee, W. -S.; Merryfield, W. J.] Environm Canada, CCCMA, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada. [Seneviratne, S. I.; Stanelle, T.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [van den Hurk, B. J. J. M.] KNMI, Dept Climate Res, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. [Luo, L.; Wood, E. F.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Malyshev, S.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Li, Z.] SAIC, Beltsville, MD USA. [Mahanama, S. P. P.; Yamada, T. J.] UMBC, GEST, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Koster, RD (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, GMAO, Code 610-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM randal.d.koster@nasa.gov RI Luo, Lifeng/C-8734-2009; Lawrence, David/C-4026-2011; Seneviratne, Sonia/G-8761-2011; Koster, Randal/F-5881-2012; Balsamo, Gianpaolo/I-3362-2013; Dirmeyer, Paul/B-6553-2016; Doblas-Reyes, Francisco/C-1228-2016 OI Lawrence, David/0000-0002-2968-3023; Seneviratne, Sonia/0000-0001-9528-2917; Koster, Randal/0000-0001-6418-6383; Balsamo, Gianpaolo/0000-0002-1745-3634; Dirmeyer, Paul/0000-0003-3158-1752; Doblas-Reyes, Francisco/0000-0002-6622-4280 FU NOAA; NASA; WCRP FX Coordinators of the GLACE-2 project gratefully acknowledge financial support from NOAA's Climate Prediction Program for the Americas and NASA's Terrestrial Hydrology program. The various participants in the project (see Table 1) were able to perform the GLACE-2 simulations thanks to financial and computational support from their home institutions and/or from the institutions hosting the numerical prediction systems. We thank WCRP's GEWEX and CLIVAR projects for their sponsorship of this project. NR 29 TC 131 Z9 134 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 26 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L02402 DI 10.1029/2009GL041677 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 550JV UT WOS:000274125000001 ER PT J AU Akcora, P Kumar, SK Moll, J Lewis, S Schadler, LS Li, Y Benicewicz, BC Sandy, A Narayanan, S Illavsky, J Thiyagarajan, P Colby, RH Douglas, JF AF Akcora, Pinar Kumar, Sanat K. Moll, Joseph Lewis, Sarah Schadler, Linda S. Li, Yu Benicewicz, Brian C. Sandy, Alec Narayanan, Suresh Illavsky, Jan Thiyagarajan, Pappannan Colby, Ralph H. Douglas, Jack F. TI "Gel-like" Mechanical Reinforcement in Polymer Nanocomposite Melts SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR VISCOELASTIC BEHAVIOR; DYNAMICAL LIGHT-SCATTERING; SHORT-FIBER COMPOSITES; SOFT GLASSY GELS; THERMOELASTIC PROPERTIES; NANOPARTICLE DISPERSION; GRAFTED NANOPARTICLES; ELASTOMERS; RHEOLOGY; STRATEGIES AB We critically explore the role of particle dispersion oil the melt state mechanical properties of nanocomposites formed by mixing polystyrene homopolymers with polystyrene grafted silica nanoparticles. We selected this system since we previously showed that nanoparticle spatial distribution can be controlled through judicious choices of the brush and matrix parameters. Here we focus oil the temporal evolution of the nanoparticle self-assembly dispersion state and its effect on mechanical reinforcement using rheology, electron microscopy, and the measurement of nanoscale particle dynamics using X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. Nanoscale and macroscopic experiments show that it composite with percolating sheets of particles displays "gel-like" or solid-like mechanical behavior at lower particle loadings than one with uniform particle dispersion. This conclusion allows us to conjecture that mechanical reinforcement is primarily controlled by interparticle interactions (including those facilitated by the grafted chains) and that the matrix plays a relatively minor role. This statement has far-reaching consequences oil the design of polymer nanocomposites with desired properties. C1 [Akcora, Pinar; Kumar, Sanat K.] Columbia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Moll, Joseph] Columbia Univ, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Lewis, Sarah; Schadler, Linda S.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Troy, NY USA. [Li, Yu; Benicewicz, Brian C.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Sandy, Alec; Narayanan, Suresh; Illavsky, Jan; Thiyagarajan, Pappannan] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Colby, Ralph H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kumar, SK (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. RI Li, Yu/A-3565-2011; Ilavsky, Jan/D-4521-2013; USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013; OI Ilavsky, Jan/0000-0003-1982-8900; Benicewicz, Brian/0000-0003-4130-1232 FU National Science Foundation Division of Materials Research [DMR-0804647]; Nanoscale Science and Engineering Initiative of the National Science Foundation [DMR-0642573]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02paq-06CH11357] FX Partial funding for this research was provided by the National Science Foundation Division of Materials Research (S.K., P.A., NSF DMR-0804647) and through the Nanoscale Science and Engineering Initiative of the National Science Foundation under NSF DMR-0642573 at RPi (S.K., S.L., L.S.S., B.B.). Use of the Advanced Photon Source and I PNS was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract DE-AC02paq-06CH11357. We thank Dr. Luca Cipelletti for useful discussions on XPCS. NR 42 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 16 U2 97 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JAN 26 PY 2010 VL 43 IS 2 BP 1003 EP 1010 DI 10.1021/ma902072d PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 543YQ UT WOS:000273618100053 ER PT J AU Loizou, E Porcar, L Schexnailder, P Schmidt, G Butler, P AF Loizou, Elena Porcar, Lionel Schexnailder, Patrick Schmidt, Gudrun Butler, Paul TI Shear-Induced Nanometer and Micrometer Structural Responses in Nanocomposite Hydrogels SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; POLYMER-CLAY SOLUTIONS; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURES; LAPONITE-PEO MIXTURES; POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); BUTTERFLY PATTERNS; FLOW-BIREFRINGENCE; WORMLIKE MICELLES; COLLOIDAL DISKS; SHAKE-GELS AB The structural responses of a polymer-clay nanocomposite hydrogel to an imposed shear field are investigated from the nanometer to the micrometer length scales. The effects of polymer molecular weight and concentration of the components are probed, and the structural response of the individual components is explored using contrast matching techniques with small-angle neutron scattering. At rest the clay structure appears minimally perturbed by the presence of the polymer. As the network begins to be disrupted under the effect of low shear, large-scale inhomogeneities roll up and orient with their long axis parallel to the neutral direction. With increasing shear rates the effect of the polymer-clay interactions becomes apparent with nanoscopic orientation of both the clay platelets and the polymer chains, but only in systems where polymer bridging of the clay can occur. The clay and polymer concentration dependence of the shear response suggests an ideal combination of concentrations and polymer molecular weights with implications for materials design. C1 [Loizou, Elena] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Loizou, Elena; Porcar, Lionel; Butler, Paul] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Loizou, Elena] Univ Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus. [Porcar, Lionel] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Porcar, Lionel] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Schexnailder, Patrick; Schmidt, Gudrun] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Loizou, E (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM elenaloizou@gmail.com RI Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST [60NANB6D6159, 60NANB6D6096]; National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX This research has been supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST awards 60NANB6D6159 and 60NANB6D6096, and in part by an NSF CAREER award to G.S. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement DMR-0454672. The authors thank Professor D. Pozzo of the University of Washington for providing the now SALS images. Certain commercial materials and suppliers are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 47 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JAN 26 PY 2010 VL 43 IS 2 BP 1041 EP 1049 DI 10.1021/ma9019448 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 543YQ UT WOS:000273618100058 ER PT J AU Zhang, XH Yager, KG Kang, SH Fredin, NJ Akgun, B Satija, S Douglas, JF Karim, A Jones, RL AF Zhang, Xiaohua Yager, Kevin G. Kang, Shuhui Fredin, Nathaniel J. Akgun, Bulent Satija, Sushil Douglas, Jack F. Karim, Alamgir Jones, Ronald L. TI Solvent Retention in Thin Spin-Coated Polystyrene and Poly(methyl methacrylate) Homopolymer Films Studied By Neutron Reflectometry SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID GLASS-TRANSITION; POLYMER-FILMS; MEDIA AB We utilize neutron reflectometry(NR) to probe the amount of residual solvent in thin polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films spin-coated from deuterated toluene solutions onto silicon substrates. The effect of thermal treatment at temperatures below and above the glass transition of PS and PMMA are examined to determine how these treatments affect the residual solvent. The parameters investigated include the total film thickness and molecular mass for PS and only thickness for PMMA. We find that the volume fraction of solvent in PM MA films is less than a few percentages, while no residual solvent was detected in PS films. The residual solvent content of the PMMA films had a slight dependence on thickness. These results are corroborated utilizing fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. We discuss these observations in the context of large body of seemingly conflicting literature on residual solvent in polymer thin films. C1 [Zhang, Xiaohua; Yager, Kevin G.; Kang, Shuhui; Fredin, Nathaniel J.; Douglas, Jack F.; Karim, Alamgir; Jones, Ronald L.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Akgun, Bulent; Satija, Sushil] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Akgun, Bulent] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Jones, RL (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ronald.jones@nist.gov RI Fredin, Nathaniel/B-2890-2010; Yager, Kevin/F-9804-2011; Akgun, Bulent/H-3798-2011 OI Yager, Kevin/0000-0001-7745-2513; FU NIST-National Research Council Fellowship; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada; National Institute of Standards and Technology; U.S. Department of Commerce FX N.J.F. acknowledges the support of a NIST-National Research Council Fellowship. K.G.Y. acknowledges the support of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada in the form of a Post-doctoral Fellowship. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. We thank Thad Harroun for providing the Yanera reflectivity software. NR 21 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JAN 26 PY 2010 VL 43 IS 2 BP 1117 EP 1123 DI 10.1021/ma902168w PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 543YQ UT WOS:000273618100067 ER PT J AU Samhouri, JF Levin, PS Ainsworth, CH AF Samhouri, Jameal F. Levin, Phillip S. Ainsworth, Cameron H. TI Identifying Thresholds for Ecosystem-Based Management SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID FOOD-WEB MODELS; ECOLOGICAL THRESHOLDS; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; REGIME SHIFTS; CORAL-REEFS; INDICATORS; RESILIENCE; STABILITY; CONSERVATION AB Background: One of the greatest obstacles to moving ecosystem-based management (EBM) from concept to practice is the lack of a systematic approach to defining ecosystem-level decision criteria, or reference points that trigger management action. Methodology/Principal Findings: To assist resource managers and policymakers in developing EBM decision criteria, we introduce a quantitative, transferable method for identifying utility thresholds. A utility threshold is the level of human-induced pressure (e. g., pollution) at which small changes produce substantial improvements toward the EBM goal of protecting an ecosystem's structural (e. g., diversity) and functional (e. g., resilience) attributes. The analytical approach is based on the detection of nonlinearities in relationships between ecosystem attributes and pressures. We illustrate the method with a hypothetical case study of (1) fishing and (2) nearshore habitat pressure using an empirically-validated marine ecosystem model for British Columbia, Canada, and derive numerical threshold values in terms of the density of two empirically-tractable indicator groups, sablefish and jellyfish. We also describe how to incorporate uncertainty into the estimation of utility thresholds and highlight their value in the context of understanding EBM trade-offs. Conclusions/Significance: For any policy scenario, an understanding of utility thresholds provides insight into the amount and type of management intervention required to make significant progress toward improved ecosystem structure and function. The approach outlined in this paper can be applied in the context of single or multiple human-induced pressures, to any marine, freshwater, or terrestrial ecosystem, and should facilitate more effective management. C1 [Samhouri, Jameal F.] Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Portland, OR USA. [Levin, Phillip S.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Ainsworth, Cameron H.] Marine Resources Assessment Grp Amer Inc, St Petersburg, FL USA. RP Samhouri, JF (reprint author), Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Portland, OR USA. EM Jameal.Samhouri@noaa.gov RI Ainsworth, Cameron/E-8507-2011 FU NOAA Fisheries (Northwest Fisheries Science Center) FX This research was supported by NOAA Fisheries (Northwest Fisheries Science Center). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 63 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 92 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 26 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 1 AR e8907 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0008907 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 547NO UT WOS:000273896500025 PM 20126647 ER PT J AU Graham, RL Alers, GB Mountsier, T Shamma, N Dhuey, S Cabrini, S Geiss, RH Read, DT Peddeti, S AF Graham, R. L. Alers, G. B. Mountsier, T. Shamma, N. Dhuey, S. Cabrini, S. Geiss, R. H. Read, D. T. Peddeti, S. TI Resistivity dominated by surface scattering in sub-50 nm Cu wires SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE copper; electrical resistivity; electron backscattering; electron beam lithography; electron diffraction; electron mean free path; grain boundaries; interconnections; masks; nanolithography; nanowires; surface roughness; surface scattering ID IMPURITY INCORPORATION; COPPER; INTERCONNECTS; TRANSPORT; REGIME; FILMS AB Electron scattering mechanisms in copper lines were investigated to understand the extendibility of copper interconnects when linewidth or thickness is less than the mean free path. Electron-beam lithography and a dual hard mask were used to produce interconnects with linewidths between 25 and 45 nm. Electron backscatter diffraction characterized grain structure. Temperature dependence of the line resistance determined resistivity, which was consistent with existing models for completely diffused surface scattering and line-edge roughness, with little contribution from grain boundary scattering. A simple analytical model was developed that describes resistivity from diffuse surface scattering and line-edge roughness. C1 [Graham, R. L.; Alers, G. B.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Mountsier, T.; Shamma, N.] Novellus Syst, San Jose, CA 95134 USA. [Dhuey, S.; Cabrini, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. [Geiss, R. H.; Read, D. T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Peddeti, S.] Clarkson Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Potsdam, NY 13676 USA. RP Graham, RL (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM galers@ucsc.edu FU Office of Science; Office of Basic Energy Sciences; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NIST [2004-012] FX Portions of this work were performed at the Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Portions of this work were supported by the NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs under Project No. 2004-012. NR 20 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 25 PY 2010 VL 96 IS 4 AR 042116 DI 10.1063/1.3292022 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551BH UT WOS:000274179900047 ER PT J AU Marty, GD Heintz, RA AF Marty, Gary D. Heintz, Ronald A. TI Ruptured yolk sacs and visceral fungi in emergent pink salmon alevins: histopathology and relation to marine survival SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Pink salmon; Oncorhynchus gorbuscha; Ruptured yolk sac; Alevins; Histopathology; Marine survival ID ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA; CYTOCHROME-P4501A INDUCTION; LEPEOPHTHEIRUS-SALMONIS; PHOMA-HERBARUM; CHINOOK SALMON; CRUDE-OIL; DISEASE; MORTALITY; EXPOSURE; EMBRYOS AB Marine survival of anadromous salmon species is highly variable, and causes of this variability are often unknown. In the 1990s, cultured pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha alevins from 2 different regions in Alaska, USA, had years with increased postemergent mortality that could not. be attributed to viruses, bacteria, or parasites. In both regions, lifetime marine survival of the most severely affected fish groups was as low as 11%, in 1 region and 0.13% in the other region. To determine causes of morbidity, alevins from both regions were sampled for detailed histopathology (n = 144 and 36). Microscopic lesions associated with increased postemergent mortality included ruptured yolk sacs or 'coagulated yolk' (up to 38%, of abnormal fish affected) and invasive fungi in the stomach or swimbladder (Up to 39%, of abnormal fish affected). The diagnosis of a ruptured yolk sac was based on the presence of yolk protein in the peritoneal cavity. Putative yolk proteins sometimes also distended peritoneal macrophages, systemic vessels, hepatocyte cytoplasm, splenic macrophages, and renal ducts. The most severe case of visceral fungi had hyphae invading from the stomach into the swimbladder and kidney. In the hatchery with the greatest postemergent. mortality, 38%, of the abnormal fish sampled had no significant microscopic lesions. We hypothesize that ruptured yolk sacs and visceral fungi occurred in fish that. were predisposed to develop these lesions because of poor body condition. High prevalence of these lesions might be a useful marker for predicting poor marine survival. C1 [Marty, Gary D.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Anat Physiol & Cell Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Heintz, Ronald A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Marty, GD (reprint author), Minist Agr & Lands, Ctr Anim Hlth, 1767 Angus Campbell Rd, Abbotsford, BC V3G 2M3, Canada. EM gdmarty@ucdavis.edu FU Prince William Sound Aquaculture Corporation; 'Exxon Valdez' Oil Spill Trustee Council FX We thank W. Widmann for histotechnology and N. Willits for statistical analysis; J.B. Olsen sampled the fish in Prince William Sound, D. Reggiani provided mortality and return data for Prince William Sound, and M. Plot-nick provided commercial fisheries data from the Alaska Department. of Fish and Game. D. Marty reviewed the Manuscript. The research described in this paper was supported by the Prince William Sound Aquaculture Corporation and the 'Exxon Valdez' Oil Spill Trustee Council. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD JAN 25 PY 2010 VL 88 IS 2 BP 115 EP 126 DI 10.3354/dao02150 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 557DG UT WOS:000274648400004 PM 20225673 ER PT J AU Saylor, RK Miller, DL Vandersea, MW Bevelhimer, MS Schofield, PJ Bennett, WA AF Saylor, Ryan K. Miller, Debra L. Vandersea, Mark W. Bevelhimer, Mark S. Schofield, Pamela J. Bennett, Wayne A. TI Epizootic ulcerative syndrome caused by Aphanomyces invadans in captive bullseye snakehead Channa marulius collected from south Florida, USA SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Epizootic ulcerative syndrome; Mycotic dermatitis; Mycotic myositis; Non-native fish species; Oomycete; Water mold ID ATLANTIC MENHADEN; UNITED-STATES; FISH; MYCOSIS; PATHOGENICITY; DISEASE; ESTUARINE; LESIONS; FUNGI AB Epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) caused by the oomycete Aphanomyces invadans is an invasive, opportunistic disease of both freshwater and estuarine fishes. Originally documented as the cause of mycotic granulomatosis of ornamental fishes in Japan and as the cause of EUS of fishes in southeast Asia and Australia, this pathogen is also present in estuaries and freshwater bodies of the Atlantic and gulf coasts of the USA. We describe a mass mortality event of 343 captive juvenile bulls-eye snakehead Channa marulius collected from freshwater canals in Miami-Dade County, Florida. Clinical signs appeared within the first 2 d of captivity and included petechiae, ulceration, erratic swimming, and inappetence. Histological examination revealed hyphae invading from the skin lesions deep into the musculature and internal organs. Species identification was confirmed using a species-specific PCR assay. Despite therapeutic attempts, 100%, mortality occurred. This represents the first documented case of EUS in bullseye snakehead fish collected from waters in the USA. Future investigation of the distribution and prevalence of A. invadans within the bullseye snakehead range in south Florida may give insight into this pathogen-host system. C1 [Miller, Debra L.] Univ Georgia, Vet Diagnost & Invest Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Saylor, Ryan K.; Bennett, Wayne A.] Univ W Florida, Dept Biol, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. [Vandersea, Mark W.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Bevelhimer, Mark S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Schofield, Pamela J.] US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Miller, DL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Vet Diagnost & Invest Lab, 43 Brighton Rd, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM millerdl@uga.edu OI Miller, Debra/0000-0002-8544-174X FU Department of Biology and Research [164053, 2008-003] FX We thank P. L. Shafland and the electrofishing crew of the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Non-native Species Research Laboratory, in Boca Raton, Florida, for collection of and information on juvenile bullseye snakeheads (FWC Permit # ESC Possession 0814). We also thank the Department of Biology and Research and Sponsored Programs for supporting and funding (Grant #164053; IACUC #2008-003) research on bullseye snakehead as well as their transport from south Florida, Finally, we thank the staff of the University of Georgia Veterinary Diagnostic and Investigational Laboratory for help in sample processing, especially D, Rousey, K, Bridges, and M. Gandy. Use of trade or product names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 18 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD JAN 25 PY 2010 VL 88 IS 2 BP 169 EP 175 DI 10.3354/dao02158 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 557DG UT WOS:000274648400009 PM 20225678 ER PT J AU Solomon, A AF Solomon, Amy TI Interannual ENSO variability forced through coupled atmosphere-ocean feedback loops SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; DECADAL VARIABILITY; TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES; ROSSBY WAVES; TROPICS; MODEL; MIDLATITUDES; MECHANISM; PATHWAYS; BRIDGE AB El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events are known to force atmospheric teleconnections that impact extratropical sea surface temperatures and surface winds. In this paper we use focused model experiments to investigate whether this extratropical variability can feedback to, and significantly impact, the Tropics through ocean Rossby waves. We use an atmospheric general circulation model coupled to a reduced gravity Pacific Ocean model to isolate these potential feedback loops and quantify their impact on ENSO variability. We find that anomalous winds and heat fluxes located in regions of maximum mean subduction in the subtropical North Pacific trigger ocean Rossby waves that take approximately four years to reach the equator. Most notably, we demonstrate that this feedback loop causes a primarily 2-year ENSO, when only the Tropics is coupled, to shift to a more realistic broad 2-5 year range by damping similar to 2 year variability and amplifying similar to 4 year variability. Citation: Solomon, A. (2010), Interannual ENSO variability forced through coupled atmosphere-ocean feedback loops, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L02706, doi: 10.1029/2009GL041622. C1 [Solomon, Amy] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Solomon, Amy] Univ Colorado, Climate Diagnost Ctr, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Solomon, A (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM amy.solomon@noaa.gov RI Solomon, Amy/L-8988-2013 FU NOAA's Climate Program Office [GC05-170]; NCAR's CSL [93300116] FX Discussions with M. Alexander, G. Compo, J. McCreary, M. Newman, Eli Tziperman, S.-I. Shin, and an anonymous reviewer are gratefully acknowledged. This work was supported in part by grants from NOAA's Climate Program Office (CLIVAR GC05-170) and NCAR's CSL (#93300116). NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 22 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L02706 DI 10.1029/2009GL041622 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 547OH UT WOS:000273898400002 ER PT J AU Dziak, RP Park, M Lee, WS Matsumoto, H Bohnenstiehl, DR Haxel, JH AF Dziak, Robert P. Park, Minkyu Lee, Won Sang Matsumoto, Haru Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne R. Haxel, Joseph H. TI Tectonomagmatic activity and ice dynamics in the Bransfield Strait back-arc basin, Antarctica SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID WAVE DETECTION THRESHOLDS; SEA-FLOOR EVIDENCE; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; DECEPTION-ISLAND; WEST ANTARCTICA; P-WAVE; PENINSULA; VOLCANO; RIFT; EARTHQUAKES AB An array of moored hydrophones was used to monitor the spatiotemporal distribution of small- to moderate-sized earthquakes and ice-generated sounds within the Bransfield Strait, Antarctica. During a 2 year period, a total of 3900 earthquakes, 5925 icequakes and numerous ice tremor events were located throughout the region. The seismic activity included eight space-time earthquake clusters, positioned along the central neovolcanic rift zone of the young Bransfield back-arc basin. These sequences of small magnitude earthquakes, or swarms, suggest ongoing magmatic activity that becomes localized along isolated volcanic features and fissure-like ridges in the southwest portion of the basin. A total of 122 earthquakes were located along the South Shetland trench, indicating continued deformation and possibly ongoing subduction along this margin. The large number of icequakes observed show a temporal pattern related to seasonal freeze-thaw cycles and a spatial distribution consistent with channeling of sea ice along submarine canyons from glacier fronts. Several harmonic tremor episodes were sourced from a large (similar to 30 km(2)) iceberg that entered northeast portion of the basin. The spectral character of these signals suggests they were produced by either resonance of a small chamber of fluid within the iceberg, or more likely, due to periodicity of discrete stick-slip events caused by contact of the moving iceberg with the seafloor. These pressure waves appear to have been excited by abrasion of the iceberg along the seafloor as it passed Clarence and Elephant Islands. C1 [Dziak, Robert P.; Matsumoto, Haru; Haxel, Joseph H.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, NOAA, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Park, Minkyu; Lee, Won Sang] Korea Polar Res Inst, Polar Environm Res Div, Inchon 406840, South Korea. RP Dziak, RP (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, NOAA, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611 FU Korea Ocean and Polar Research Institute; NOAA Ocean Exploration Program; KOPRI [PP08020, PM09030] FX The authors thank the captain and crew of the R/V Yuzhmorgeologiya and the captain and personnel of King Sejong Base, King George Island, Antarctica, for their support during staging and deployment of the hydrophone arrays. The authors also wish to thank B. Hanshumaker, T.-K. Lau, K. Stafford, S. Heimlich, M. Fowler, A. Young, and S. Yun for their at sea support and laboratory assistance. The authors owe special thanks to J.-H. Lee for his hard work during the first successful deployment/recovery in Antarctic waters, without which the hydrophone experiment could not begin. Also thanks to J. Hong for providing additional ship time during the hydrophone deployments and D. Mellinger for providing the Ishmael software. This project was made possible through support of the Korea Ocean and Polar Research Institute and the NOAA Ocean Exploration Program, PMEL contribution 3265, and KOPRI projects PP08020 and PM09030. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JAN 22 PY 2010 VL 115 AR B01102 DI 10.1029/2009JB006295 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 547QY UT WOS:000273905400002 ER PT J AU Ospelkaus, S Ni, KK Quemener, G Neyenhuis, B Wang, D de Miranda, MHG Bohn, JL Ye, J Jin, DS AF Ospelkaus, S. Ni, K. -K. Quemener, G. Neyenhuis, B. Wang, D. de Miranda, M. H. G. Bohn, J. L. Ye, J. Jin, D. S. TI Controlling the Hyperfine State of Rovibronic Ground-State Polar Molecules SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GAS; ATOMS AB We report the preparation of a rovibronic ground-state molecular quantum gas in a single hyperfine state and, in particular, the absolute lowest quantum state. This addresses the last internal degree of freedom remaining after the recent production of a near quantum degenerate gas of molecules in their rovibronic ground state, and provides a crucial step towards full control over molecular quantum gases. We demonstrate a scheme that is general for bialkali polar molecules and allows the preparation of molecules in a single hyperfine state or in an arbitrary coherent superposition of hyperfine states. The scheme relies on electric-dipole, two-photon microwave transitions through rotationally excited states and makes use of electric nuclear quadrupole interactions to transfer molecular population between different hyperfine states. C1 [Ospelkaus, S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ospelkaus, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Wang, Dajun/F-7026-2012 FU NIST; NSF; DOE; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation FX We acknowledge financial support from NIST, NSF, and DOE. B. N. acknowledges support from NSF, and S. O. from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. We thank J. Perreault, M. Swallows, and C. Ospelkaus for critical reading of the manuscript. NR 22 TC 145 Z9 146 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 22 PY 2010 VL 104 IS 3 AR 030402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.030402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 548XL UT WOS:000274003100002 PM 20366634 ER PT J AU Bender, MA Knutson, TR Tuleya, RE Sirutis, JJ Vecchi, GA Garner, ST Held, IM AF Bender, Morris A. Knutson, Thomas R. Tuleya, Robert E. Sirutis, Joseph J. Vecchi, Gabriel A. Garner, Stephen T. Held, Isaac M. TI Modeled Impact of Anthropogenic Warming on the Frequency of Intense Atlantic Hurricanes SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONE ACTIVITY; NORTH-ATLANTIC; CLIMATE-CHANGE; VARIABILITY; SIMULATIONS AB Several recent models suggest that the frequency of Atlantic tropical cyclones could decrease as the climate warms. However, these models are unable to reproduce storms of category 3 or higher intensity. We explored the influence of future global warming on Atlantic hurricanes with a downscaling strategy by using an operational hurricane-prediction model that produces a realistic distribution of intense hurricane activity for present-day conditions. The model projects nearly a doubling of the frequency of category 4 and 5 storms by the end of the 21st century, despite a decrease in the overall frequency of tropical cyclones, when the downscaling is based on the ensemble mean of 18 global climate-change projections. The largest increase is projected to occur in the Western Atlantic, north of 20 degrees N. C1 [Bender, Morris A.; Knutson, Thomas R.; Sirutis, Joseph J.; Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Garner, Stephen T.; Held, Isaac M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Tuleya, Robert E.] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA. RP Bender, MA (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM Morris.Bender@noaa.gov RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Hamrin, Goran/C-3526-2014 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Hamrin, Goran/0000-0003-4256-2960 FU Office of Science, U. S. Department of Energy FX We wish to thank T. Marchok, R. Stouffer, A. Wittenburg, and three Science reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions on earlier versions of the manuscript. We are also grateful to T. Marchok for his assistance in the preparation of several figures and to S. Sellars for assistance with some statistical calculations. Special appreciation goes to the current director of GFDL, V. Ramaswamy, for his support and encouragement. We thank the CMIP3 modeling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI), and the World Climate Research Programme's (WCRP) Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP3 multi-model dataset. Support of this dataset is provided by the Office of Science, U. S. Department of Energy. NR 22 TC 325 Z9 334 U1 22 U2 146 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 22 PY 2010 VL 327 IS 5964 BP 454 EP 458 DI 10.1126/science.1180568 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 546BS UT WOS:000273783100035 PM 20093471 ER PT J AU Tierney, KB Baldwin, DH Hara, TJ Ross, PS Scholz, NL Kennedy, CJ AF Tierney, Keith B. Baldwin, David H. Hara, Toshiaki J. Ross, Peter S. Scholz, Nathaniel L. Kennedy, Christopher J. TI Olfactory toxicity in fishes SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Olfaction; Fish; Contaminants; Metals; Neurotoxicity; Behavior ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; GOLDFISH CARASSIUS-AURATUS; CHAR SALVELINUS-ALPINUS; CHEMICAL ALARM CUES; MINNOWS PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; MEDIATED ENDOCRINE FUNCTION; MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE; PULP-MILL EFFLUENTS AB Olfaction conveys critical environmental information to fishes, enabling activities such as mating, locating food, discriminating kin, avoiding predators and homing. All of these behaviors can be impaired or lost as a result of exposure to toxic contaminants in surface waters. Historically, teleost olfaction studies have focused on behavioral responses to anthropogenic contaminants (e.g., avoidance). More recently, there has been a shift towards understanding the underlying mechanisms and functional significance of contaminant-mediated changes in fish olfaction. This includes a consideration of how contaminants affect the olfactory nervous system and, by extension, the downstream physiological and behavioral processes that together comprise a normal response to naturally occurring stimuli (e.g., reproductive priming or releasing pheromones). Numerous studies spanning several species have shown that ecologically relevant exposures to common pollutants such as metals and pesticides can interfere with fish olfaction and disrupt life history processes that determine individual survival and reproductive success. This represents one of the pathways by which toxic chemicals in aquatic habitats may increasingly contribute to the decline and at-risk status of many commercially and ecologically important fish stocks. Despite our emerging understanding of the threats that pollution poses for chemical communication in aquatic communities, many research challenges remain. These include: (1) the determination of specific mechanisms of toxicity in the fish olfactory sensory epithelium; (2) an understanding of the impacts of complex chemical mixtures: (3) the capacity to assess olfactory toxicity in fish in situ; (4) the impacts of toxins on olfactory-mediated behaviors that are still poorly understood for many fish species; and (5) the connections between sublethal effects on individual fish and the long-term viability of wild populations. This review summarizes and integrates studies on fish olfaction-contaminant interactions, including metrics ranging from the molecular to the behavioral, and highlights directions for future research. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kennedy, Christopher J.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Tierney, Keith B.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Baldwin, David H.; Scholz, Nathaniel L.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Hara, Toshiaki J.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. [Hara, Toshiaki J.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Zool, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Ross, Peter S.] Inst Ocean Sci, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. RP Kennedy, CJ (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM ckennedy@sfu.ca RI Tierney, Keith/H-8338-2012; Scholz, Nathaniel/L-1642-2013 OI Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Pesticide Research Fund of Fisheries; Oceans Canada. FX We thank Alec Maule, Julian Christians, Cathy Laetz and Russell Nicholson for comments on earlier versions of this review. We also gratefully acknowledge our funding support from Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the National Pesticide Research Fund of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. NR 165 TC 100 Z9 107 U1 14 U2 116 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JAN 21 PY 2010 VL 96 IS 1 BP 2 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.09.019 PG 25 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 558PY UT WOS:000274758200001 PM 19931199 ER PT J AU Tomasi, C Petkov, B Stone, RS Benedetti, E Vitale, V Lupi, A Mazzola, M Lanconelli, C Herber, A von Hoyningen-Huene, W AF Tomasi, Claudio Petkov, Boyan Stone, Robert S. Benedetti, Elena Vitale, Vito Lupi, Angelo Mazzola, Mauro Lanconelli, Christian Herber, Andreas von Hoyningen-Huene, Wolfgang TI Characterizing polar atmospheres and their effect on Rayleigh-scattering optical depth SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Review ID WATER-VAPOR DISTRIBUTIONS; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; SOUTH-POLE; STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; LIDAR MEASUREMENTS; TERRESTRIAL ATMOSPHERE; ANTARCTICA; AIR; TEMPERATURE; TURBIDITY AB A large set of radiosoundings was analyzed to study the dependence of Rayleigh-scattering optical depth (ROD) on pressure and temperature features of the polar clear-sky atmosphere. This set consists of 1320 radiosoundings, launched throughout the year at six Arctic sites, and of 940 radiosoundings launched at five Antarctic sites. The vertical profiles of pressure, temperature, and relative humidity given by these radiosoundings were corrected for lag errors and dry biases and then completed up to 120 km altitude, using COSPAR International Reference Atmosphere (CIRA) monthly vertical profiles of pressure and temperature, water vapor mixing ratio data derived from various satellite observations, and standard CO2 vertical profile relative to 2007, when the ground-level concentration was 380 ppmv. Calculations of the volume Rayleigh-scattering coefficient were made for all the radiosoundings to study its seasonal variations with height due to pressure and temperature changes occurring in the troposphere and stratosphere. It was found that the surface-level pressure and temperature conditions can account to a large extent for these seasonal effects. Therefore, average spectral evaluations of ROD were made at 88 selected wavelengths from 0.20 to 4.0 mm for all the radiosoundings, subdivided into eight latitude/altitude site classes, representing 70 degrees N, 75 degrees N, 80 degrees N, 70 degrees S, 75 degrees S, 80 degrees S, and 90 degrees S latitudes, for which the average ground values of air pressure p(a) and air temperature T-a were defined. The dependence of ROD on the daily ground-level values of air pressure p(o) and air temperature T-o measured at each site can be accounted for by using an algorithm in which the pressure dependence is given with good approximation by ratio (p(o)/p(a)), and the temperature linear dependence is expressed by the difference (T-a - T-o) multiplied by a spectral slope coefficient k(lambda) which varies by site classification. This algorithm was estimated to provide values of ROD with accuracy within +/- 0.5% at the six sea-level Arctic sites, +/- 0.5% at the three Antarctic coastal sites, and +/- 0.7% at the two Antarctic Plateau sites (Dome C and South Pole). When used to analyze the Sun photometer measurements, the present evaluations of ROD are estimated to provide aerosol optical depth values at visible wavelengths with relative errors of 1%-2% at the Arctic sites, 1%-4% at the coastal Antarctic sites, and 3%-13% at the Antarctic Plateau sites, for background aerosol extinction conditions. C1 [Tomasi, Claudio; Petkov, Boyan; Vitale, Vito; Lupi, Angelo; Mazzola, Mauro; Lanconelli, Christian] CNR, ISAC, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Benedetti, Elena] CNR, Inst Acoust OM Corbino, ICES Grp, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Herber, Andreas] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Climate Syst Div, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany. [Stone, Robert S.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [von Hoyningen-Huene, Wolfgang] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Petkov, Boyan] Abdus Salaam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Trieste, Italy. [Stone, Robert S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Tomasi, C (reprint author), CNR, ISAC, Via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. EM c.tomasi@isac.cnr.it RI Mazzola, Mauro/K-9376-2016; OI Mazzola, Mauro/0000-0002-8394-2292; Lanconelli, Christian/0000-0002-9545-1255 FU Programma Nazionale di Ricerche in Antartide (PNRA) FX This research was supported by the Programma Nazionale di Ricerche in Antartide (PNRA) and developed as a part of subproject 2006/6.01: "POLAR-AOD: A network to characterize the means, variability, and trends of the climate-forcing properties of aerosols in polar regions'' planned as an Italian contribution to the International Polar Year (IPY) activities. The authors also thank the International Center for Theoretical Physics (ICTP, Trieste, Italy) for its support of the participation of B. Petkov in the present work, within the framework of the Programme for Training and Research in Italian Laboratories. NR 107 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 21 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D02205 DI 10.1029/2009JD012852 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 547OW UT WOS:000273899900004 ER PT J AU Huang, SL Hsu, YC Wu, CM Lynn, JW Li, WH AF Huang, Shir-Ly Hsu, Yuan-Chang Wu, Chun-Ming Lynn, Jeffrey W. Li, Wen-Hsien TI Thermal Effects on the Activity and Structural Conformation of Catechol 2,3-Dioxygenase from Pseudomonas putida SH1 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; DIOXYGENASE; CLEAVAGE; METAPYROCATECHASE; PRESSURE; PROTEINS; MT-2 AB A bacterium, Pseudomonas putida SH1, which can catabolize phenol, naphthalene, or cresol as the sole carbon and energy Source, was isolated from a petroleum-contaminated site in Taiwan. The catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (C23O) was purified from this bacterial strain when grown on naphthalene as the sole carbon and energy source. The enzyme is composed of four identical subunits with a native molecular weight of 128 +/- 5 kD. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) techniques were employed to study the thermal effects on the structural conformation of this enzyme in Solution. The SANS measurements revealed distinct changes in the size of the enzyme between 50 and 80 degrees C, and the size was not restored during the subsequent cooling. The enzyme started to denature at 55 degrees C, and the structure was destroyed by the time the temperature reached 80 degrees C, at which the enzyme had become more than twice the original size. The optimal catalytic temperature of the enzyme was it 50 degrees C. The half-life of the activity at this temperature was 45 min. The enzyme activity increases starting from 25 degrees C and reaches its maximum at 50 degrees C, below which no obvious change in the size of the enzyme is found. Noticeable enlargement of the enzyme is revealed when the enzymatic activity starts to fall. By combination of SANS measurement and biochemical properties of the enzyme, this study demonstrates the correlation of enzyme size in solution and catalytic activity upon a heat treatment. In addition, for a protein composed of multiple subunits, the shape of the enzyme and the dissociation of the enzyme subunits in a thermal cycle were also demonstrated by SANS methodology. C1 [Wu, Chun-Ming; Li, Wen-Hsien] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Phys, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan. [Wu, Chun-Ming; Li, Wen-Hsien] Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Neutron Beam Applicat, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan. [Lynn, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Huang, Shir-Ly; Hsu, Yuan-Chang] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Life Sci, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan. [Huang, Shir-Ly; Hsu, Yuan-Chang] Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Biotechnol & Biomed Engn, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan. RP Li, WH (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, Dept Phys, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan. EM whli@phy.ncu.edu.tw FU National Science Council of Taiwan [NSC 98-2112-M-008-016-MY3, NSC 98-2313-B-008-001-MY3] FX Identification of commercial equipment in the text is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by NIST. The work at NCU was supported by grant Nos. NSC 98-2112-M-008-016-MY3 and NSC 98-2313-B-008-001-MY3 from the National Science Council of Taiwan. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JAN 21 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 2 BP 987 EP 992 DI 10.1021/jp9078579 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 541HD UT WOS:000273405000038 PM 20038148 ER PT J AU Douglas, JF AF Douglas, Jack F. TI MATERIALS SCIENCE Membrane magic SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID EQUIVALENCE C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Douglas, JF (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jack.douglas@nist.gov NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 14 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 21 PY 2010 VL 463 IS 7279 BP 302 EP 303 DI 10.1038/463302a PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 545PM UT WOS:000273748100028 PM 20090740 ER PT J AU Cooper, OR Parrish, DD Stohl, A Trainer, M Nedelec, P Thouret, V Cammas, JP Oltmans, SJ Johnson, BJ Tarasick, D Leblanc, T McDermid, IS Jaffe, D Gao, R Stith, J Ryerson, T Aikin, K Campos, T Weinheimer, A Avery, MA AF Cooper, O. R. Parrish, D. D. Stohl, A. Trainer, M. Nedelec, P. Thouret, V. Cammas, J. P. Oltmans, S. J. Johnson, B. J. Tarasick, D. Leblanc, T. McDermid, I. S. Jaffe, D. Gao, R. Stith, J. Ryerson, T. Aikin, K. Campos, T. Weinheimer, A. Avery, M. A. TI Increasing springtime ozone mixing ratios in the free troposphere over western North America SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM CHANGES; SURFACE OZONE; UNITED-STATES; ASIAN EMISSIONS; MOZAIC PROGRAM; AIRCRAFT; CLIMATOLOGY; TRANSPORT; POLLUTION; TRENDS AB In the lowermost layer of the atmosphere-the troposphere-ozone is an important source of the hydroxyl radical, an oxidant that breaks down most pollutants and some greenhouse gases(1). High concentrations of tropospheric ozone are toxic, however, and have a detrimental effect on human health and ecosystem productivity(1). Moreover, tropospheric ozone itself acts as an effective greenhouse gas(2). Much of the present tropospheric ozone burden is a consequence of anthropogenic emissions of ozone precursors(3) resulting in widespread increases in ozone concentrations since the late 1800s(3-7). At present, east Asia has the fastest-growing ozone precursor emissions(8). Much of the springtime east Asian pollution is exported eastwards towards western North America(9). Despite evidence that the exported Asian pollution produces ozone(10), no previous study has found a significant increase in free tropospheric ozone concentrations above the western USA since measurements began in the late 1970s(5,11,12). Here we compile springtime ozone measurements from many different platforms across western North America. We show a strong increase in springtime ozone mixing ratios during 1995-2008 and we have some additional evidence that a similar rate of increase in ozone mixing ratio has occurred since 1984. We find that the rate of increase in ozone mixing ratio is greatest when measurements are more heavily influenced by direct transport from Asia. Our result agrees with previous modelling studies, which indicate that global ozone concentrations should be increasing during the early part of the twenty-first century as a result of increasing precursor emissions, especially at northern mid-latitudes(13), with western North America being particularly sensitive to rising Asian emissions(14). We suggest that the observed increase in springtime background ozone mixing ratio may hinder the USA's compliance with its ozone air quality standard. C1 [Cooper, O. R.; Aikin, K.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cooper, O. R.; Parrish, D. D.; Trainer, M.; Oltmans, S. J.; Johnson, B. J.; Gao, R.; Ryerson, T.; Aikin, K.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Stohl, A.] Norwegian Inst Air Res, Dept Reg & Global Pollut Issues, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway. [Nedelec, P.; Thouret, V.; Cammas, J. P.] Observ Midi Pyrenees, CNRS, Lab Aerol, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Tarasick, D.] Environm Canada, Meteorol Serv Canada, Expt Studies Res Div, Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Leblanc, T.; McDermid, I. S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Table Mt Facil, Wrightwood, CA 92397 USA. [Jaffe, D.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher & Environm Chem, Bothell, WA 98011 USA. [Stith, J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Aviat Facil, Broomfield, CO 80021 USA. [Campos, T.; Weinheimer, A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Avery, M. A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Cooper, OR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM owen.r.cooper@noaa.gov RI Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Cooper, Owen/H-4875-2013; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Aikin, Kenneth/I-1973-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Tarasick, David/0000-0001-9869-0692 FU NOAA; European Communities; EADS; National Science Foundation FX This work was supported in part by NOAA's Climate Goal Program. We acknowledge the support of MOZAIC by the European Communities, EADS, Airbus and the airlines (Lufthansa, Austrian, Air France) who have carried MOZAIC equipment free of charge since 1994. B. Ridley, NCAR (retired), measured ozone from the NCAR C-130 during TOPSE. G. L. Gregory, NASA (retired), measured ozone from the Convair CV-990 during CITE-1C. M. Proffitt, NOAA (retired) measured ozone from the NASA ER2 during STRAT and POLARIS, and measured ozone from the NASA WB57 during WAM. PACDEX ozone data were provided by NCAR/EOL under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation (http://data.eol.ucar.edu/). EDGAR (http://www.mnp.nl/edgar) is a product of the National Institute for Public Health and the Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research and is part of the Global Emissions Inventory Activity of IGBP/IGAC. Finally we thank R. Dickerson for providing the mean ozone values for June 1985 and May-June 1986. NR 30 TC 174 Z9 177 U1 15 U2 118 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 21 PY 2010 VL 463 IS 7279 BP 344 EP 348 DI 10.1038/nature08708 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 545PM UT WOS:000273748100041 PM 20090751 ER PT J AU Byrne, RH Mecking, S Feely, RA Liu, XW AF Byrne, Robert H. Mecking, Sabine Feely, Richard A. Liu, Xuewu TI Direct observations of basin-wide acidification of the North Pacific Ocean SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEAWATER PH MEASUREMENTS; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; CARBONIC-ACID; DISSOCIATION; CONSTANTS AB Global ocean acidification is a prominent, inexorable change associated with rising levels of atmospheric CO2. Here we present the first basin-wide direct observations of recently declining pH, along with estimates of anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic contributions to that signal. Along 152 degrees W in the North Pacific Ocean (22-56 degrees N), pH changes between 1991 and 2006 were essentially zero below about 800 m depth. However, in the upper 500 m, significant pH changes, as large as -0.06, were observed. Anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic contributions over the upper 800 m are estimated to be of similar magnitude. In the surface mixed layer (depths to similar to 100 m), the extent of pH change is consistent with that expected under conditions of seawater/atmosphere equilibration, with an average rate of change of -0.0017/yr. Future mixed layer changes can be expected to closely mirror changes in atmospheric CO2, with surface seawater pH continuing to fall as atmospheric CO2 rises. Citation: Byrne, R. H., S. Mecking, R. A. Feely, and X. Liu (2010), Direct observations of basin-wide acidification of the North Pacific Ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L02601, doi: 10.1029/2009GL040999. C1 [Byrne, Robert H.; Liu, Xuewu] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Feely, Richard A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Mecking, Sabine] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Byrne, RH (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. FU NOAA [NAO40AR4310096, GC04-314]; NSF [OCE-0727082] FX This work was supported by NOAA grants NAO40AR4310096 and GC04-314 (Climate Program Office) and NSF award OCE-0727082. Assistance with at-sea pH measurements was provided by T. Clayton (1991) and R. Bell, J. Schijf, and A. Wang (2006). The comments of J. Sarmiento and an anonymous reviewer substantially improved this manuscript. NR 29 TC 103 Z9 105 U1 6 U2 53 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 20 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L02601 DI 10.1029/2009GL040999 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 547OE UT WOS:000273898100001 ER PT J AU Hu, HG Wang, J AF Hu, Haoguo Wang, Jia TI Modeling effects of tidal and wave mixing on circulation and thermohaline structures in the Bering Sea: Process studies SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID OCEAN COUPLED MODEL; SURFACE-LAYER; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; CURRENT SYSTEM; NORTH PACIFIC; ICE MODEL; SHELF; WATER AB Ocean circulation and the tidal current in the Bering Sea are simulated simultaneously using a coupled ice-ocean model (CIOM) with tidal and parameterized wave mixing to investigate several important physical processes. The simulated circulation pattern in the deep basin is relatively stable, cyclonic, and has little seasonal change. The Bering Slope Current is estimated at 5 Sv and the Kamchatka Current at 20 Sv. The modeled volume transports through the Aleutian passes compared reasonably well with observations. It is confirmed that subtidal clockwise circulation around St. George and St. Paul islands are driven by tidal rectification. The simulation results show that wind-wave mixing and tidal stirring are the main factors controlling the formation of the upper and the bottom mixed layers, respectively. The mechanism of thermocline and the cold pool (summer minimum-temperature water) formation in the middle shelf are investigated in depth. The CIOM reproduces the cold winter-convective water in the middle shelf that forms the bottom cold pool, which persists throughout the summer until sea surface cooling and strong wind mixing in fall, leading to an unstable vertical water column and eventually to vertically well-mixed water in the winter. Sensitivity experiments show that tidal and wind-wave mixing are two important factors in accurately estimating the volume of the cold pool, which is the ideal marine habitat for cold water species. C1 [Wang, Jia] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Hu, Haoguo] Univ Michigan, Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 4840 S State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM hghu@umich.edu; jia.wang@noaa.gov FU IARC/JAMSTEC Cooperative Agreement, University of Alaska Costal Marine Institute and Minerals Management Service; NOAA Russian-American Long-Term Census of the Arctic (RUSALCA) FX Thanks for support from IARC/JAMSTEC Cooperative Agreement, University of Alaska Costal Marine Institute and Minerals Management Service, and the NOAA Russian-American Long-Term Census of the Arctic (RUSALCA) International Polar Year (IPY) modeling project awarded to J.W. We would like to thank Cathy Darnell and David Schwab for editing a draft of the paper. We also credit the use of measurement illustrations to P. Stabeno and J. Overland of NOAA PMEL, published by the Alaska Sea Grant College Program, and to T. Wyllie-Echeverria, published in her Ph.D. thesis by the Institute of Marine Science, University of Alaska Fairbanks. This is GLERL contribution 1537. NR 97 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN 19 PY 2010 VL 115 AR C01006 DI 10.1029/2008JC005175 PG 23 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 547QE UT WOS:000273903400001 ER PT J AU Chung, KH Pratt, JR Reitsma, MG AF Chung, Koo-Hyun Pratt, Jon R. Reitsma, Mark G. TI Lateral Force Calibration: Accurate Procedures for Colloidal Probe Friction Measurements in Atomic Force Microscopy SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SPRING CONSTANT; CANTILEVERS; ADHESION; FILMS; SHEAR; AFM AB The colloidal probe technique for atomic force microscopy (AFM) has allowed the investigation of ail extensive range of surface force phenomena, including the measurement of frictional (lateral) forces between numerous materials. The quantitative accuracy of such friction measurements is often debated, in part due to a lack of confidence in existing calibration strategies. Here we compare three in situ AFM lateral force calibration techniques using it single colloidal probe, seeking to establish a foundation for quantitative measurement by linking these techniques to accurate force references available at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. We introduce a procedure for calibrating the AFM lateral force response to known electrostatic forces applied directly to the conductive colloidal probe. In it second procedure, we apply known force directly to the colloidal probe using a precalibrated piezo-resistive reference cantilever. We found agreement between these direct methods oil the order of 2% (within random uncertainty for both Measurements). In a third procedure, we performed it displacement-based calibration using the piezo-resistive reference cantilever its a stiffness reference artifact. The method demonstrated agreement on the order of 7% with the direct force methods, with the difference attributed to ail expected. systematic uncertainty, caused by in-plane deflection in the cantilever during loading. The comparison establishes the existing limits of instrument accuracy and sets down a basis for selection criteria for materials and methods in colloidal probe friction (lateral) force measurements via atomic force microscopy. C1 [Chung, Koo-Hyun; Pratt, Jon R.; Reitsma, Mark G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Reitsma, MG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mark.reitsma@nist.gov RI Chung, KooHyun/O-3042-2013 OI Chung, KooHyun/0000-0002-9092-6784 NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JAN 19 PY 2010 VL 26 IS 2 BP 1386 EP 1394 DI 10.1021/la902488r PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 541GN UT WOS:000273403400105 PM 19827782 ER PT J AU Ranitovic, P Tong, XM Gramkow, B De, S DePaola, B Singh, KP Cao, W Magrakvelidze, M Ray, D Bocharova, I Mashiko, H Sandhu, A Gagnon, E Murnane, MM Kapteyn, HC Litvinyuk, I Cocke, CL AF Ranitovic, P. Tong, X. M. Gramkow, B. De, S. DePaola, B. Singh, K. P. Cao, W. Magrakvelidze, M. Ray, D. Bocharova, I. Mashiko, H. Sandhu, A. Gagnon, E. Murnane, M. M. Kapteyn, H. C. Litvinyuk, I. Cocke, C. L. TI IR-assisted ionization of helium by attosecond extreme ultraviolet radiation SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOFT X-RAYS; HARMONIC-GENERATION; PULSES AB Attosecond science has opened up the possibility of manipulating electrons on their fundamental timescales. Here, we use both theory and experiment to investigate ionization dynamics in helium on the attosecond timescale by simultaneously irradiating the atom with a soft x-ray attosecond pulse train (APT) and an ultrafast laser pulse. Because the APT has resolution in both energy and time, we observe processes that could not be observed without resolution in both domains simultaneously. We show that resonant absorption is important in the excitation of helium and that small changes in energies of harmonics that comprise the APT can result in large changes in the ionization process. With the help of theory, ionization pathways for the infrared-assisted excitation and ionization of helium by extreme ultraviolet (XUV) attosecond pulses have been identified and simple model interpretations have been developed that should be of general applicability to more complex systems (Zewail A 2000 J. Phys. Chem. A 104 5660-94). C1 [Ranitovic, P.; Gramkow, B.; De, S.; DePaola, B.; Singh, K. P.; Cao, W.; Magrakvelidze, M.; Ray, D.; Bocharova, I.; Mashiko, H.; Litvinyuk, I.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, JR Macdonald Lab, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Ranitovic, P.] Stockholm Univ, AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Tong, X. M.] Univ Tsukuba, Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058573, Japan. [Tong, X. M.] Univ Tsukuba, Ctr Computat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058573, Japan. [Sandhu, A.; Gagnon, E.; Murnane, M. M.; Kapteyn, H. C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sandhu, A.; Gagnon, E.; Murnane, M. M.; Kapteyn, H. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sandhu, A.; Gagnon, E.; Murnane, M. M.; Kapteyn, H. C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ranitovic, P (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, JR Macdonald Lab, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM predragr@jila.colorado.edu; tong@ims.tsukuba.ac.jp; cocke@phys.ksu.edu RI Tong, Xiao-Min/A-2748-2011; Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011; ranitovic, predrag/A-2282-2014; Litvinyuk, Igor/A-5739-2009; cao, wei/D-9643-2015; DePaola, Brett/I-3533-2013 OI Tong, Xiao-Min/0000-0003-4898-3491; Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317; Litvinyuk, Igor/0000-0002-4306-1669; DePaola, Brett/0000-0003-3409-671X FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; US Army Research Office [W911NF-07-1-0475]; US Department of Energy; NSF [0822646] FX We thank Gerhard Paulus, Brett Esry, A T Lee and C D Lin for useful discussions. The numerical calculations were carried out by the T2K-Tsukuba System at the Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba. XMT was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. PR thanks Jarlath McKenna and Steve Gilbertson for their support during the data-taking process. This work was supported by the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, the US Army Research Office, under grant number W911NF-07-1-0475; the US Department of Energy; and NSF grant number 0822646. NR 20 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 19 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD JAN 19 PY 2010 VL 12 AR 013008 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/12/1/013008 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 545XL UT WOS:000273770200001 ER PT J AU Chang, DE Regal, CA Papp, SB Wilson, DJ Ye, J Painter, O Kimble, HJ Zoller, P AF Chang, D. E. Regal, C. A. Papp, S. B. Wilson, D. J. Ye, J. Painter, O. Kimble, H. J. Zoller, P. TI Cavity opto-mechanics using an optically levitated nanosphere SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE entanglement; optical levitation; quantum information ID QUANTUM-STATE TRANSFER; TRAPPED IONS; MICROSPHERES; INTERFEROMETER; ENTANGLEMENT; OSCILLATORS; DECOHERENCE; SYSTEMS; MOTION; LIGHT AB Recently, remarkable advances have been made in coupling a number of high-Q modes of nano-mechanical systems to high-finesse optical cavities, with the goal of reaching regimes in which quantum behavior can be observed and leveraged toward new applications. To reach this regime, the coupling between these systems and their thermal environments must be minimized. Here we propose a novel approach to this problem, in which optically levitating a nano-mechanical system can greatly reduce its thermal contact, while simultaneously eliminating dissipation arising from clamping. Through the long coherence times allowed, this approach potentially opens the door to ground-state cooling and coherent manipulation of a single mesoscopic mechanical system or entanglement generation between spatially separate systems, even in room-temperature environments. As an example, we show that these goals should be achievable when the mechanical mode consists of the center-of-mass motion of a levitated nanosphere. C1 [Regal, C. A.; Papp, S. B.; Wilson, D. J.; Ye, J.; Kimble, H. J.; Zoller, P.] CALTECH, Norman Bridge Lab Phys 12 33, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Chang, D. E.] CALTECH, Inst Quantum Informat, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Chang, D. E.] CALTECH, Ctr Phys Informat, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Ye, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Painter, O.] CALTECH, Dept Appl Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Zoller, P.] Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Quantum Opt & Quantum Informat, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RP Kimble, HJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Norman Bridge Lab Phys 12 33, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM hjkimble@caltech.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Zoller, Peter/O-1639-2014; OI Zoller, Peter/0000-0003-4014-1505; Painter, Oskar/0000-0002-1581-9209 FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation through Caltech's Center for the Physics of Information; National Science Foundation [PHY-0803371, PHY-0652914]; Millikan Postdoctoral Fellowship; Moore Fellowship; Austrian Science Fund; EU; Army Research Office; Northrop Grumman Space Technology FX D. C. and S. P. acknowledge support from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation through Caltech's Center for the Physics of Information, D. C. from the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY-0803371, C. R. from a Millikan Postdoctoral Fellowship, and J.Y. and P.Z. from a Moore Fellowship during their stay at Caltech. Work at Innsbruck is supported by the Austrian Science Fund and EU Projects. Research of C. R., S. P., D. W., and H.J.K. is supported by the NSF under Grant No. PHY-0652914, the Army Research Office, and Northrop Grumman Space Technology. NR 47 TC 179 Z9 179 U1 3 U2 38 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 19 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 3 BP 1005 EP 1010 DI 10.1073/pnas.0912969107 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 548BP UT WOS:000273934100013 PM 20080573 ER PT J AU Pomeroy, JM White, TC Grube, H Read, JC Davies, JE AF Pomeroy, J. M. White, T. C. Grube, H. Read, J. C. Davies, J. E. TI Magnetoresistance based first-order reversal curve analysis of magnetic tunnel junctions (vol 95, pg 022514, 2009) SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Correction DE magnetic tunnelling; magnetoresistance C1 [Pomeroy, J. M.; White, T. C.; Grube, H.; Read, J. C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Davies, J. E.] NVE Corp, Adv Technol Grp, Eden Prairie, MN 55344 USA. RP Pomeroy, JM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joshua.pomeroy@nist.gov RI Davies, Joseph/C-4384-2008 OI Davies, Joseph/0000-0001-5727-2371 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 18 PY 2010 VL 96 IS 3 AR 039901 DI 10.1063/1.3291522 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 547LP UT WOS:000273890500065 ER PT J AU Stumpf, RP Werdell, PJ AF Stumpf, Richard P. Werdell, P. Jeremy TI Adjustment of ocean color sensor calibration through multi-band statistics SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID WATER-LEAVING RADIANCE; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; VICARIOUS CALIBRATION; IMAGING SPECTROMETER; SEAWIFS IMAGERY; FLUORESCENCE; REFLECTANCE; ALGORITHMS; SCATTERING; BLOOMS AB The band-by-band vicarious calibration of on-orbit satellite ocean color instruments, such as SeaWiFS and MODIS, using ground-based measurements has significant residual uncertainties. This paper applies spectral shape and population statistics to tune the calibration of the blue bands against each other to allow examination of the interband calibration and potentially provide an analysis of calibration trends. This adjustment does not require simultaneous matches of ground and satellite observations. The method demonstrates the spectral stability of the SeaWiFS calibration and identifies a drift in the MODIS instrument onboard Aqua that falls within its current calibration uncertainties. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Stumpf, Richard P.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Werdell, P. Jeremy] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Stumpf, RP (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, 1305 EW Highway N-SCI1, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM richard.stumpf@noaa.gov RI Werdell, Jeremy/D-8265-2012 FU NASA MODIS Science Team; NASA Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry Program [NRA-03-OES-02, NNH04-AB40I]; NOAA Integrated Program Office Project FX We thank members of the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group for their valuable comments and members of the MOBY Operations Team for access to MOBY data. Funding support was provided through the NASA MODIS Science Team, the NASA Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry Program, NRA-03-OES-02, project NNH04-AB40I, and the NOAA Integrated Program Office Project, "Assuring Ocean Color Product Consistency of NPOESS". Initial computations were made by Kip Desch. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JAN 18 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 2 BP 401 EP 412 DI 10.1364/OE.18.000401 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 547BP UT WOS:000273860400002 PM 20173860 ER PT J AU Stevens, MJ Baek, B Dauler, EA Kerman, AJ Molnar, RJ Hamilton, SA Berggren, KK Mirin, RP Nam, SW AF Stevens, Martin J. Baek, Burm Dauler, Eric A. Kerman, Andrew J. Molnar, Richard J. Hamilton, Scott A. Berggren, Karl K. Mirin, Richard P. Nam, Sae Woo TI High-order temporal coherences of chaotic and laser light SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENCE CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; SINGLE-PHOTON DETECTORS; SEMICONDUCTOR MICROCAVITY; THRESHOLD AB We demonstrate a new approach to measuring high-order temporal coherences that uses a four-element superconducting nanowire single-photon detector. The four independent, interleaved single-photon-sensitive elements parse a single spatial mode of an optical beam over dimensions smaller than the minimum diffraction-limited spot size. Integrating this device with four-channel time-tagging electronics to generate multi-start, multi-stop histograms enables measurement of temporal coherences up to fourth order for a continuous range of all associated time delays. We observe high-order photon bunching from a chaotic, pseudo-thermal light source, measuring maximum third-and fourth-order coherence values of 5.87 +/- 0.17 and 23.1 +/- 1.8, respectively, in agreement with the theoretically predicted values of 3! = 6 and 4! = 24. Laser light, by contrast, is confirmed to have coherence values of approximately 1 for second, third and fourth orders at all time delays. 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Stevens, Martin J.; Baek, Burm; Mirin, Richard P.; Nam, Sae Woo] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Dauler, Eric A.; Berggren, Karl K.] MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Dauler, Eric A.; Kerman, Andrew J.; Molnar, Richard J.; Hamilton, Scott A.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. RP Stevens, MJ (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM marty@nist.gov OI Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655 FU United States Air Force [FA8721-05-C-0002] FX The authors thank S. Glancy for discussions. This work made use of the Scanning Electron Beam Lithography facility in the Research Laboratory of Electronics at MIT and was sponsored in part by the United States Air Force under Air Force Contract #FA8721-05-C-0002. Opinions, interpretations, recommendations and conclusions are those of the authors and are not necessarily endorsed by the United States Government. NR 28 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 24 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JAN 18 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 2 BP 1430 EP 1437 DI 10.1364/OE.18.001430 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 547BP UT WOS:000273860400112 PM 20173970 ER PT J AU Onuma, TA Makino, K Katsumata, H Beckman, BR Ban, M Ando, H Fukuwaka, M Azumaya, T Swanson, P Urano, A AF Onuma, Takeshi A. Makino, Keita Katsumata, Hiroshi Beckman, Brian R. Ban, Masatoshi Ando, Hironori Fukuwaka, Masa-aki Azumaya, Tomonori Swanson, Penny Urano, Akihisa TI Changes in the plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor-I from the onset of spawning migration through upstream migration in chum salmon SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Spawning migration; Chum salmon; Growth; IGF-I; Liver; Gonad; Gonadotropin; Androgen; Estrogen; Pituitary-gonadal axis ID FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; SEX STEROID-HORMONES; HORMONE/PROLACTIN/SOMATOLACTIN FAMILY HORMONES; GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; MASU SALMON; PITUITARY-CELLS; IGF-I; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; EXPRESSION AB An increase in activity of the pituitary-gonadal axis (PG-axis) and gonadal development are essential for the onset of spawning migration of chum salmon from the Bering Sea. In the Bering Sea, fish with larger body sizes initiated gonadal development and commenced spawning migration to the natal river by the end Of Summer. We thus hypothesized that insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), a somatotropic signal that interacts with the PG-axis, can be one of such factors responsible for the onset of migration, and examined changes in plasma levels and hepatic expression of IGF-I gene in oceanic and homing chum salmon in 2001-2003. The plasma IGF-I levels and corresponding body sizes in maturing adults, which had developing gonads, were significantly higher than those in immature fish in all years examined. Such increase in the plasma IGF-I levels in maturing fish was observed even in the Gulf of Alaska during February 2006, while coincident increase was not observed in the hepatic amounts of IGF-I mRNA. In autumn, the plasma IGF-I levels in homing adults decreased during upstream migration in the Ishikari River-Ishikari bay water system in Hokkaido, Japan. In conclusion, the plasma IGF-I levels increased with gonadal development when chum salmon migrated from the winter Gulf of Alaska to the summer Bering Sea. Circulating IGF-I may interact with the PG-axis and promote gonadal development that is inseparable from the onset of spawning migration. Circulating IGF-I levels were thereafter lowered in accordance with final maturation during upstream migration in the breeding season. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Onuma, Takeshi A.; Ando, Hironori] Kyushu Univ, Grad Sch Bioresource & Bioenvironm Sci, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. [Onuma, Takeshi A.; Makino, Keita; Katsumata, Hiroshi; Urano, Akihisa] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Life Sci, Sect Biol Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. [Beckman, Brian R.; Swanson, Penny] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 99164 USA. [Ban, Masatoshi] Fisheries Res Agcy, Natl Salmon Resources Ctr, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0620922, Japan. [Fukuwaka, Masa-aki; Azumaya, Tomonori] Fisheries Res Agcy, Hokkaido Natl Fisheries Res Inst, Kushiro, Hokkaido 0850802, Japan. RP Onuma, TA (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, 830 N Univ, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM takeshikiai@msn.com RI U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016 FU Fisheries Agency; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan; Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science for Young Scientists [200409104, 200609320]; Fisheries Agency of Japan FX The authors thank our colleagues in Hokkaido University, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Mr. H. Aihara (Atsuta fisherman's cooperative association) and crews of R/V Wakatake-maru and Kaiyo-maru for their help in sampling of chum salmon. We appreciate Kathleen A. Cooper (Northwest Fisheries Science Center) for guidance of IGF-I radioimmunoassay. The present study was supported in part by the Grants-in-Aid from the Fisheries Agency and the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan. T.A.O. was supported by a research fellowship from the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science for Young Scientists (No. 200409104 and 200609320). Ocean researches were supported in part by the Promotion Program for International Resources Surveys from the Fisheries Agency of Japan. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD JAN 15 PY 2010 VL 165 IS 2 BP 237 EP 243 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.07.005 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 542TD UT WOS:000273517500008 PM 19595688 ER PT J AU Elliott, MB Eastin, B Caves, CM AF Elliott, Matthew B. Eastin, Bryan Caves, Carlton M. TI Graphical description of Pauli measurements on stabilizer states SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL LA English DT Article AB We use a graphical representation of stabilizer states to describe, simply and efficiently, the effect of measurements of Pauli products on stabilizer states. This work complements our earlier work (2008 Phys. Rev. A 77 042307), which described in graphical terms the action of Clifford operations on stabilizer states. C1 [Elliott, Matthew B.; Caves, Carlton M.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Eastin, Bryan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Caves, Carlton M.] Univ Queensland, Sch Phys Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4066, Australia. RP Elliott, MB (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, MSC07-4220, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM mabellio@gmail.com RI Caves, Carlton/K-8167-2014 OI Caves, Carlton/0000-0001-8876-1186 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1751-8113 J9 J PHYS A-MATH THEOR JI J. Phys. A-Math. Theor. PD JAN 15 PY 2010 VL 43 IS 2 AR 025301 DI 10.1088/1751-8113/43/2/025301 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 534LY UT WOS:000272899800009 ER PT J AU Gardner, JS Kam, KC Ehlers, G AF Gardner, J. S. Kam, K. C. Ehlers, G. TI New relaxation processes in diluted Ho2Ti2O7 SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article DE Spin-ice; Magnetic frustration; Neutron-spin-echo ID HOT SPIN ICE; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; DYNAMICS; HO2RU2O7; Y2MO2O7 AB We have studied the spin relaxation in diluted spin ice Ho2-xRxTi2O7 (R La or Y) by means of neutron scattering. Remarkably, doping with nonmagnetic ions does not relieve the geometrical frustration and the dynamics of the freezing is unaltered whilst the cubic unit cell is maintained. When the nonmagnetic substitution starts to distort the lattice, a new relaxation process is revealed. We present new data from several diluted spin ice samples where Arrhenius behaviour observed in the parent compound, Ho2Ti2O7 is superseded by other processes including a quantum tunnelling process. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gardner, J. S.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Gardner, J. S.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kam, K. C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mat Res Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Ehlers, G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gardner, JS (reprint author), Indiana Univ, 2401 Milo B Sampson Lane, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. EM jsg@nist.gov RI Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013; Ehlers, Georg/B-5412-2008 OI Ehlers, Georg/0000-0003-3513-508X FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-000R22725]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX We thank our collaborators in Refs. [18,20] for their role in this ongoing study. We acknowledge useful discussions with M.J.P. Gingras, S.T. Bramwell, T. Fennell, J. Greedan, B.D. Gaulin. Support for this work was provided through ORNL/SNS which is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-000R22725 and the Centre for High Resolution Neutron Scattering at NIST by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JAN 15 PY 2010 VL 405 IS 2 BP 774 EP 777 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2009.09.104 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 537DA UT WOS:000273091900051 ER PT J AU Krauss, M Schneider, HC Bratschitsch, R Chen, Z Cundiff, ST AF Krauss, M. Schneider, H. C. Bratschitsch, R. Chen, Z. Cundiff, S. T. TI Ultrafast spin dynamics in optically excited bulk GaAs at low temperatures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTORS; ELECTRONS; RELAXATION AB This paper presents a study of electron spin dynamics in bulk GaAs at low temperatures for elevated optical excitation conditions. Our time-resolved Faraday rotation measurements yield subnanosecond electron spin-dephasing times over a wide range of n-doping concentrations in quantitative agreement with a microscopic treatment of electron spin dynamics. The calculation shows the occurrence and breakdown of motional narrowing for spin dephasing under elevated excitation conditions. We also find a peak of the spin-dephasing time around a doping density for which, under lower excitation conditions, a metal-insulator transition occurs. However, the experimental results for high excitation can be explained without a metal-insulator transition. We therefore attribute the peak in spin-dephasing times to the influence of screening and scattering on the spin dynamics of the excited electrons. C1 [Krauss, M.; Schneider, H. C.] Univ Kaiserslautern, Dept Phys, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. [Krauss, M.; Schneider, H. C.] Univ Kaiserslautern, Res Ctr OPTIMAS, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. [Bratschitsch, R.; Chen, Z.; Cundiff, S. T.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80390 USA. [Bratschitsch, R.; Chen, Z.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80390 USA. RP Krauss, M (reprint author), Univ Kaiserslautern, Dept Phys, POB 3049, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Schneider, Hans Christian/B-9450-2009; Bratschitsch, Rudolf/C-9027-2009 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; Schneider, Hans Christian/0000-0001-7656-4919; Bratschitsch, Rudolf/0000-0002-2368-2548 FU German Science Foundation (DFG) [792] FX A grant for CPU time from the NIC Julich is gratefully acknowledged. We thank the Graduiertenkolleg 792 of the German Science Foundation (DFG) for financial support, and Ming-Wei Wu for helpful discussions. NR 35 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 15 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 3 AR 035213 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.035213 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 600FU UT WOS:000277970900005 ER PT J AU Relph, RA Guasco, TL Elliott, BM Kamrath, MZ McCoy, AB Steele, RP Schofield, DP Jordan, KD Viggiano, AA Ferguson, EE Johnson, MA AF Relph, Rachael A. Guasco, Timothy L. Elliott, Ben M. Kamrath, Michael Z. McCoy, Anne B. Steele, Ryan P. Schofield, Daniel P. Jordan, Kenneth D. Viggiano, Albert A. Ferguson, Eldon E. Johnson, Mark A. TI How the Shape of an H-Bonded Network Controls Proton-Coupled Water Activation in HONO Formation SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-ORBITAL CALCULATIONS; NITROUS-ACID FORMATION; CLUSTER IONS; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; BASIS-SETS; NO+(H2O)(N); MECHANISM; SINGLES; CCSD AB Many chemical reactions in atmospheric aerosols and bulk aqueous environments are influenced by the surrounding solvation shell, but the precise molecular interactions underlying such effects have rarely been elucidated. We exploited recent advances in isomer-specific cluster vibrational spectroscopy to explore the fundamental relation between the hydrogen (H)-bonding arrangement of a set of ion-solvating water molecules and the chemical activity of this ensemble. We find that the extent to which the nitrosonium ion (NO(+)) and water form nitrous acid (HONO) and a hydrated proton cluster in the critical trihydrate depends sensitively on the geometrical arrangement of the water molecules in the network. Theoretical analysis of these data details the role of the water network in promoting charge delocalization. C1 [Relph, Rachael A.; Guasco, Timothy L.; Elliott, Ben M.; Kamrath, Michael Z.; Steele, Ryan P.; Johnson, Mark A.] Yale Univ, Dept Chem, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [McCoy, Anne B.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Schofield, Daniel P.; Jordan, Kenneth D.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Viggiano, Albert A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Ferguson, Eldon E.] NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Johnson, MA (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Chem, POB 208107, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM mark.johnson@yale.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA-9550-09-1-0139, 2303EP]; NSF [CHE-0616198, CHE-0911199, CHE-0809457, CHE-0615882, OISE-0730114, CHE-0515627/CHE-0848242]; New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science and Technology FX M. A. J. thanks the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (grant FA-9550-09-1-0139). We also thank the NSF for support under grants CHE-0616198 and CHE-0911199 (M. A. J.), CHE-0809457 (K. D. J.), CHE-0615882 and OISE-0730114 (R. P. S.), and CHE-0515627/CHE-0848242 (A. B. M.). D. P. S. thanks the New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science and Technology for funding, and A. A. V. thanks the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under project 2303EP. NR 26 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 5 U2 61 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 15 PY 2010 VL 327 IS 5963 BP 308 EP 312 DI 10.1126/science.1177118 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 544CM UT WOS:000273629700036 PM 20075247 ER PT J AU Wahl, ER Anderson, DM Bauer, BA Buckner, R Gille, EP Gross, WS Hartman, M Shah, A AF Wahl, E. R. Anderson, D. M. Bauer, B. A. Buckner, R. Gille, E. P. Gross, W. S. Hartman, M. Shah, A. TI An archive of high-resolution temperature reconstructions over the past 2+millennia SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE temperature; climate change; reconstruction; last millennium ID CLIMATE; MILLENNIUM AB High-resolution temperature reconstructions (typically annually to seasonally resolved) have played a key role in understanding paleoclimate immediately prior to the beginning of the instrumental record, especially when calibrated to form an extension of comparable instrumental data coverage (global, hemispheric, and regional). Such calibration allows the information in the instrumental record to be quantitatively extended backward in time in an objective way, enabling description of much longer term fluctuations in climate than possible with instrumental data alone, although with significantly increased uncertainties inherent in proxy-based reconstructions. This data brief describes a newly integrated archive of nearly all the high-resolution temperature reconstructions of the past 2+ millennia included in NOAA's National Climatic Data Center, from small-regional to global scale, which also have been recalibrated to a standard set of instrumental data. Examination of the spectral structure of the data is additionally provided. C1 [Wahl, E. R.; Anderson, D. M.; Bauer, B. A.; Buckner, R.; Gille, E. P.; Gross, W. S.; Hartman, M.; Shah, A.] NOAA, World Data Ctr Paleoclimatol, Paleoclimatol Branch, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wahl, ER (reprint author), NOAA, World Data Ctr Paleoclimatol, Paleoclimatol Branch, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM eugene.r.wahl@noaa.gov RI anderson, david/E-6416-2011 NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD JAN 14 PY 2010 VL 11 AR Q01001 DI 10.1029/2009GC002817 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 553VU UT WOS:000274395700001 ER PT J AU Turner, DL Li, XL Reeves, GD Singer, HJ AF Turner, Drew L. Li, Xinlin Reeves, Geoff D. Singer, Howard J. TI On phase space density radial gradients of Earth's outer-belt electrons prior to sudden solar wind pressure enhancements: Results from distinctive events and a superposed epoch analysis SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WHISTLER-MODE CHORUS; RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS; MAGNETIC STORMS; GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; RESONANT DIFFUSION; MARCH 24; ACCELERATION; ENERGIZATION; SIMULATION AB Here, we present the results of a study of phase space density radial gradients for outer-belt electrons at and beyond geosynchronous orbit prior to 86 sudden solar wind pressure enhancements from 1993 through 2007. All of the events are classified and analyzed based on the results for equatorial electrons with first adiabatic invariants of 50, 200, 750, and 2000 MeV/G. Examples of three distinctive events are compared, and the results from a superposed epoch analysis are presented. We find that the radial gradients are dependent on the first adiabatic invariant (i.e., energy), and that for the majority of cases, the gradient is negative for electrons with energies above a couple of hundred keV, while it is either positive or relatively flat for electrons with energies lower than this, which is evidence of two distinct populations. In the cases where a positive gradient is observed for 2000 MeV/G electrons, the solar wind and geomagnetic conditions are very quiet for at least two days prior to the event, but for the events when the gradient for the same electrons is negative, there is a consistent evidence of enhanced substorm activity and/or convection in the days leading up to the events. Overall, this study puts previous observations of phase space density (PSD) gradients into a broader context of solar wind and geomagnetic conditions, while encompassing a broad range of energies, from the source population of tens to hundreds of keV electrons to relativistic electrons with energies exceeding 1 MeV. We discuss how 41 of the 86 events are consistent with and can be explained by local heating by wave-particle interactions, and we provide evidence of the solar wind and geomagnetic conditions that are important to different types of sources of outer-belt electron PSD. C1 [Turner, Drew L.; Li, Xinlin] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Turner, Drew L.; Li, Xinlin] Chinese Acad Sci, Lab Space Weather, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Turner, Drew L.; Li, Xinlin] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Reeves, Geoff D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Singer, Howard J.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Turner, DL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, 1234 Innovat Dr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM drew.lawson.turner@gmail.com RI Turner, Drew/G-3224-2012; Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011 OI Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098 FU NSF [ATM-0549093, ATM-0902813]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40621003, 40728005] FX We would like to thank James McCollough, Weichao Tu, and Edward Burin des Roziers for useful insight and discussions. We are also very grateful to theWorld Data Center for Geomagnetism, Kyoto, Japan, the Coordinated Data Analysis Web (CDAWeb), and the LANL energetic particles team for their online data access. This work was supported by NSF grants (ATM-0549093 and ATM-0902813) and also by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40621003 and 40728005). NR 48 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 14 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A01205 DI 10.1029/2009JA014423 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 545LE UT WOS:000273732800002 ER PT J AU Villano, SM Eyet, N Wren, SW Ellison, GB Bierbaum, VM Lineberger, WC AF Villano, Stephanie M. Eyet, Nicole Wren, Scott W. Ellison, G. Barney Bierbaum, Veronica M. Lineberger, W. Carl TI Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Thermochemistry of the Peroxyformate Anion SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE ACIDITY; NEGATIVE-ION; AB-INITIO; ALKYL HYDROPEROXIDES; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; MICROWAVE-SPECTRUM; PEROXYL RADICALS; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; FORMYL RADICALS; DIPOLE-MOMENT AB The 351.1 nm photoelectron spectrum of the peroxyformate anion has been measured. The photoelectron spectrum displays vibronic features in both the (X) over tilde (2)A '' ground and (A) over tilde (2)A' first excited states of the corresponding radical. Franck-Condon simulations of the spectrum show that the ion is formed exclusively in the trans-conformation. The electron affinity (EA) of the peroxyformyl radical was determined to be 2.493 +/- 0.006 eV, while the term energy splitting was found to be 0.783(-0.020)(+0.060) eV. Extended progressions in the C-OO (973 +/- 20 cm(-1)) and O-O (1098 +/- 20 cm(-1)) stretching modes are observed in the ground state of the radical. The fundamental frequency of the in-plane OCO bend was found to be 574 +/- 35 cm(-1). The gas-phase acidity of peroxyformic acid has been determined using an ion-molecule bracketing technique. On the basis of the size of the trans- to cis- isomerization barrier, the measured acidity was assigned to the higher energy trans-conformer of the acid. The gas-phase acidity of the lower energy cis-conformer of peroxyformic acid was found from the measured acidity for the trans-form and a calculated energy correction: Delta(a)G(298)(cis-peroxyformic acid) = 346.8 +/- 3.3 kcal mol(-1) and Delta(a)H(298)(cis-peroxyformic acid) = 354.4 +/- 3.3 kcal mol(-1). Using a negative ion EA/acidity thermochemical cycle, the O-H bond dissociation energy (D(0)) values of the trans- and cis-conformers of peroxyformic acid to form the trans-radical were determined to be 94.0 +/- 3.3 and 97.1 +/- 3.3 kcal mol(-1), respectively. The heat of formation (Delta(f)H(298)) of the trans-peroxyformyl radical was found to be -22.8 +/- 3.5 kcal mol(-1). C1 [Bierbaum, Veronica M.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bierbaum, VM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM veronica.bierbaum@colorado.edu; wcl@jila.colorado.edu FU AFOSR [FA9550-09-1-0046]; NSF [CHE0809391, PHY0551010, CHE-0647088, CHE-0848606]; DOE [DE-FG02-93ER14364] FX We are grateful to Prof. John F. Stanton, Prof. Kent M. Ervin, and Prof. Charles H. DePuy for helpful discussions and suggestions. Additionally, we acknowledge Ms. Kristen M. Volgelhuber for assisting in the photoelectron spectroscopy experiments. This work is supported by the AFOSR (FA9550-09-1-0046). In addition, W.C.L. acknowledges support from NSF (CHE0809391 and PHY0551010), V.M.B. acknowledges NSF (CHE-0647088), and G.B.E. acknowledges support from the DOE (DE-FG02-93ER14364) and from NSF (CHE-0848606). The computational results are based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under the following NSF programs: Partnerships for Advanced Computational Infrastructure, Distributed Terascale Facility (DTF), and Terascale Extensions: Enhancements to the Extensible Terascale Facility. NR 64 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JAN 14 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 1 BP 191 EP 200 DI 10.1021/jp907569w PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 539PP UT WOS:000273268900024 PM 19827803 ER PT J AU Marchuk, O Ralchenko, Y Janev, RK Biel, W Delabie, E Urnov, AM AF Marchuk, O. Ralchenko, Yu Janev, R. K. Biel, W. Delabie, E. Urnov, A. M. TI Collisional excitation and emission of H-alpha Stark multiplet in fusion plasmas SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EXCITED-STATES; HYDROGEN; ATOMS; IMPACT; SPECTRUM; IONS AB We study the excitation of parabolic Stark states in hydrogen atoms by collisions with fast ions. It is shown that excitation cross sections are very sensitive to the angle between the electric field and the projectile velocity. The calculated collisional data are implemented in a newly developed collisional-radiative model involving parabolic quantum states of hydrogen. Our simulations are shown to explain the frequently observed non-statistical behaviour of the H-alpha component intensities under typical conditions of a motional Stark effect (MSE). A good agreement with the MSE data from the Joint European Torus (JET) for emission of the sigma and pi components (Mandl et al 1993 Plasma Phys. Control Fusion 35 1373) is obtained for the first time. C1 [Marchuk, O.; Janev, R. K.; Biel, W.] Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Inst Energieforsch Plasmaphys, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Ralchenko, Yu] NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Delabie, E.] EURATOM, FOM, Inst Plasma Phys Rijnhuizen, NL-3430 BE Nieuwegein, Netherlands. [Urnov, A. M.] RAS, PN Lebedev Inst, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Urnov, A. M.] Moscow Inst Phys & Technol, Dolgoprudnyi 141700, Moscow Region, Russia. RP Marchuk, O (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Inst Energieforsch Plasmaphys, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RI Ralchenko, Yuri/B-7687-2011; Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016 OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554 FU Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy; Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences FX We would like to thank L A Vainshtein and I L Beigman for useful discussion and critical comments. OM is grateful to the members of the Atomic Spectroscopy Group at NIST for their hospitality. The work of YR is supported in part by the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy. The work of AU is supported by the program of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences. NR 30 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD JAN 14 PY 2010 VL 43 IS 1 AR 011002 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/43/1/011002 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 532ZO UT WOS:000272790900002 ER PT J AU Manson, JL Lancaster, T Blundell, SJ Qiu, YM Singleton, J Sengupta, P Pratt, FL Kang, J Lee, C Whangbo, MH AF Manson, Jamie L. Lancaster, Tom Blundell, Stephen J. Qiu, Yiming Singleton, John Sengupta, Pinaki Pratt, Francis L. Kang, Jinhee Lee, Changhoon Whangbo, Myung-Hwan TI Spin fluctuations and orbital ordering in quasi-one-dimensional alpha-Cu(dca)(2)(pyz) {dca = dicyanamide = N(CN)(2)(-); pyz = pyrazine}, a molecular analogue of KCuF3 SO POLYHEDRON LA English DT Article DE Low-dimensional; Copper; Dicyanamide; Pyrazine; Molecular magnet ID 1-D COORDINATION POLYMERS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; THEORETICAL CHARACTERIZATION; HEISENBERG ANTIFERROMAGNETS; EXCHANGE INTERACTIONS; STRUCTURAL ISOMERISM; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ANTI-FERROMAGNET; 3-D NETWORK AB The magnetic properties of alpha-Cu(dca)(2)(pyz) were examined by magnetic susceptibility, magnetization, inelastic neutron scattering (INS), muon-spin relaxation (mu SR) measurements and by first-principles density functional theoretical (DFT) calculations and quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) simulations. The chi versus T Curve shows a broad maximum at 3.5 K, and the data between 2 and 300 K is well described by an S = 1/2 Heisenberg uniform chain model with g = 2.152(1) and J/k(B) = -5.4(l) K. mu SR measurements, conducted down to 0.02 K and as a function of longitudinal magnetic field, show no oscillations in the muon asymmetry function A(t). This evidence, together with the lack of spin wave formation as gleaned from INS data, suggests that no long-range magnetic order takes place in alpha-Cu(dca)(2)(pyz) down to the lowest measured temperatures. Electronic structure Calculations further show that the spin exchange is significant only along the Cu-pyz-Cu chains, such that alpha-Cu(dca)(2)(pyz) call be described by a Heisenberg anti-ferromagnetic chain model. Further Support for this comes from the M versus B curve, which is strongly concave owing to the reduced spin dimensionality. alpha-Cu(dca)(2)(pyz) is a molecular analogue of KCuF3 owing to d(x2-y2) orbital ordering where nearest-neighbor magnetic orbital planes of the Cu2+ sites are orthogonal in the planes perpendicular to the Cu-pyz-Cu chains. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Manson, Jamie L.] Eastern Washington Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Cheney, WA 99004 USA. [Lancaster, Tom; Blundell, Stephen J.] Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Qiu, Yiming] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Qiu, Yiming] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Singleton, John; Sengupta, Pinaki] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Sengupta, Pinaki] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Pratt, Francis L.] ISIS Pulsed Muon Facil, Rutherford Appleton Lab, Chilton OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Kang, Jinhee; Lee, Changhoon; Whangbo, Myung-Hwan] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Manson, JL (reprint author), Eastern Washington Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Cheney, WA 99004 USA. EM jmanson@ewu.edu RI Sengupta, Pinaki/B-6999-2011 FU Research Corporation; U.S. DoE [DE-FG02-86ER45259]; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672]; EPSRC FX The work at EWU was Supported by an award from the Research Corporation. Work at NCSU was Supported by the U.S. DoE Under Grant No. DE-FG02-86ER45259 and by the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center. Work at NCNR was supported, in part, by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. A portion of this work was performed at the Swiss Muon Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland. We are grateful to Chris Baines and Hubertus Leutkens for technical assistance. This work was also supported in part by the EPSRC. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-5387 J9 POLYHEDRON JI Polyhedron PD JAN 13 PY 2010 VL 29 IS 1 SI SI BP 514 EP 520 DI 10.1016/j.poly.2009.06.063 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 551JO UT WOS:000274204300072 ER PT J AU Egleston, ES Sabine, CL Morel, FMM AF Egleston, Eric S. Sabine, Christopher L. Morel, Francois M. M. TI Revelle revisited: Buffer factors that quantify the response of ocean chemistry to changes in DIC and alkalinity SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; PACIFIC-OCEAN; GROWTH; PHYTOPLANKTON; SURFACE; SYSTEM; IMPACT; CACO3 AB We derive explicit expressions of the Revelle factor and several other buffer factors of interest to climate change scientists and those studying ocean acidification. These buffer factors quantify the sensitivity of CO(2) and H(+) concentrations ([CO(2)] and [H(+)]) and CaCO(3) saturation (Omega) to changes in dissolved inorganic carbon concentration (DIC) and alkalinity (Alk). The explicit expressions of these buffer factors provide a convenient means to compare the degree of buffering of [CO(2)], [H(+)], and Omega in different regions of the oceans and at different times in the future and to gain insight into the buffering mechanisms. All six buffer factors have roughly similar values, and all reach an absolute minimum when DIC = Alk (pH similar to 7.5). Surface maps of the buffer factors generally show stronger buffering capacity in the subtropical gyres relative to the polar regions. As the dissolution of anthropogenic CO(2) increases the DIC of surface seawater over the next century, all the buffer factors will decrease, resulting in a much greater sensitivity to local variations in DIC and Alk. For example, diurnal and seasonal variations in pH and Omega caused by photosynthesis and respiration will be greatly amplified. Buffer factors provide convenient means to quantify the effect that changes in DIC and Alk have on seawater chemistry. They should also help illuminate the role that various physical and biological processes have in determining the oceanic response to an increase in atmospheric CO(2). C1 [Egleston, Eric S.; Morel, Francois M. M.] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Sabine, Christopher L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Egleston, ES (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Guyot Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM morel@princeton.edu FU NSF; Princeton Environmental Institute FX We thank Daniel Sigman and Peter Difiore for insightful discussions. Funding was provided by NSF and by a grant from the Princeton Environmental Institute. This is PMEL contribution 3260. NR 31 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 7 U2 44 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD JAN 12 PY 2010 VL 24 AR GB1002 DI 10.1029/2008GB003407 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 545JP UT WOS:000273728600001 ER PT J AU Stein, GE Liddle, JA Aquila, AL Gullikson, EM AF Stein, Gila E. Liddle, J. Alexander Aquila, Andrew L. Gullikson, Eric M. TI Measuring the Structure of Epitaxially Assembled Block Copolymer Domains with Soft X-ray Diffraction SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID SYMMETRIC DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; THIN-FILMS; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); POLYMER/POLYMER INTERFACES; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; INTERACTION PARAMETER; CHAIN DIMENSIONS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; SCATTERING; POLYSTYRENE AB The size, shape, and interface Structure of poly(styrene-b-methyl methacrylate) block copolymer domains assembled oil ail epitaxial template are characterized with soft X-ray diffraction, The domain size and shape are deformed when the dimensions of the epitaxial template are incommensurate with the equilibrium dimensions of the block copolymer, producing sidewall angles in the range of 1-2 degrees (+/- 0.2 degrees). The average width of the copolymer interface is (4.9 +/- 0.1) nm. Comparison with mean-field theoretic predictions for the Structure of block copolymer interfaces Suggests a low-frequency variance in the copolymer interface position of 1.2 nm(2), or a low-frequency line-edge roughness of approximately 3 nm. C1 [Aquila, Andrew L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Appl Sci & Technol Grad Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gullikson, Eric M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stein, Gila E.; Liddle, J. Alexander] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stein, GE (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Houston, TX 77004 USA. EM gestein@uh.edu RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013; Stein, Gila/P-1927-2016 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910; Stein, Gila/0000-0002-3973-4496 FU NRC-NIST Posdoctoral Fellowship Program; Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX G.E.S acknowledges the NRC-NIST Posdoctoral Fellowship Program for financial support. The Advanced Light Source is Supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Research was performed in part tit the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. We thank A. W. Bosse, W. L. Wit, C. Q. Wang. and E. J. Kramer for helpful discussions, J. B. Kortright for providing PS and PMMA optical constants, and S. J. Weigand for SAXS measurements (not shown). NR 42 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JAN 12 PY 2010 VL 43 IS 1 BP 433 EP 441 DI 10.1021/ma901914b PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 539PO UT WOS:000273268700057 ER PT J AU Levine, LE AF Levine, L. E. TI Comment on "Mechanical heterogeneity and mechanism of plasticity in metallic glasses" [Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 031904 (2009)] SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material DE aluminium alloys; copper alloys; hardness; metallic glasses; nickel alloys; plasticity; zirconium alloys C1 NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Levine, LE (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lyle.levine@nist.gov NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 11 PY 2010 VL 96 IS 2 AR 026101 DI 10.1063/1.3271674 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 544WD UT WOS:000273689400072 ER PT J AU Outcalt, SL Laesecke, A Fortin, TJ AF Outcalt, Stephanie L. Laesecke, Arno Fortin, Tara J. TI Density and speed of sound measurements of 1-and 2-butanol SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS LA English DT Article DE Adiabatic compressibility; Biofuels; 1-butanol; 2-butanol; Compressed liquid; Density; Speed of sound ID PLUS N-HEXANE; EXCESS MOLAR VOLUMES; CONSTITUENT BINARY-MIXTURES; RANGE 298.15-308.15 K; TEMPERATURE 298.15 K; ISENTROPIC COMPRESSIBILITIES; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; RELATIVE PERMITTIVITIES; DYNAMIC VISCOSITIES; ULTRASONIC VELOCITY AB The density and speed of sound of 1- and 2-butanol have been measured with two instruments; both instruments used vibrating-tube sensors for measuring density. At ambient pressure (83 kPa), density and speed of sound were measured from 278.15 K to 343.15 K. Adiabatic compressibilities were derived from these density and speed of sound data. Compressed liquid density measurements were carried out in a second instrument over a range from 270 K to 470 K with pressures from 0.5 MPa to 50 MPa. The measured density data were correlated with a modified Tait equation within their experimental uncertainty, and this correlation provides a baseline for extensive comparisons with literature data. Differences between the measured macroscopic properties of the two butanol isomers are related to differences on the molecular level. These were characterized by quantum mechanical calculations using the second-order Moller-Plesset model with the polarization basis set 6-311 +G**. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Outcalt, Stephanie L.; Laesecke, Arno; Fortin, Tara J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Outcalt, SL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Outcalt@Boulder.NIST.Gov NR 104 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7322 J9 J MOL LIQ JI J. Mol. Liq. PD JAN 10 PY 2010 VL 151 IS 1 BP 50 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.molliq.2009.11.002 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 561OF UT WOS:000274986600009 ER PT J AU de la Cruz, C Hu, WZ Li, SL Huang, Q Lynn, JW Green, MA Chen, GF Wang, NL Mook, HA Si, QM Dai, PC AF de la Cruz, Clarina Hu, W. Z. Li, Shiliang Huang, Q. Lynn, J. W. Green, M. A. Chen, G. F. Wang, N. L. Mook, H. A. Si, Qimiao Dai, Pengcheng TI Lattice Distortion and Magnetic Quantum Phase Transition in CeFeAs1-xPxO SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PAIRING SYMMETRY; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; CRITICALITY; DIAGRAM; STATE AB We use neutron diffraction to study the structural and magnetic phase diagram of CeFeAs1-xPxO. We find that replacing the larger arsenic with smaller phosphorus in CeFeAs1-xPxO simultaneously suppresses the AFM order and orthorhombic distortion near x = 0.4, thus suggesting the presence of a magnetic quantum critical point. Our detailed structural analysis reveals that the pnictogen height is an important controlling parameter for their electronic and magnetic properties, and may play an important role in electron pairing and superconductivity of these materials. C1 [de la Cruz, Clarina; Li, Shiliang; Dai, Pengcheng] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [de la Cruz, Clarina; Mook, H. A.; Dai, Pengcheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hu, W. Z.; Li, Shiliang; Chen, G. F.; Wang, N. L.; Dai, Pengcheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Huang, Q.; Lynn, J. W.; Green, M. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chen, G. F.] Renmin Univ China, Dept Phys, Beijing 100872, Peoples R China. [Si, Qimiao] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP de la Cruz, C (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM daip@ornl.gov RI Li, Shiliang/B-9379-2009; Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012; 石, 源/D-5929-2012; ruc, phy/E-4170-2012; dela Cruz, Clarina/C-2747-2013; Hu, Wanzheng/K-1171-2016 OI Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170; dela Cruz, Clarina/0000-0003-4233-2145; FU DOE BES through DOE [DE-FG02-05ER46202]; NSFC; CAS; MOST; NSF [DMR-0706625]; Robert A. Welch Foundation [C-1411] FX The neutron scattering work at UT/ORNL is supported by the DOE BES through DOE DE-FG02-05ER46202, and in part by the DOE BES Division of Scientific User Facilities. The work at the IOP, CAS is supported by the NSFC, the CAS and the MOST. The work at Rice University is supported by the NSF DMR-0706625 and the Robert A. Welch Foundation through C-1411. NR 28 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 8 PY 2010 VL 104 IS 1 AR 017204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.017204 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 547IX UT WOS:000273881900039 PM 20366390 ER PT J AU Gierczak, T Rajakumar, B Flad, JE Burkholder, JB AF Gierczak, Tomasz Rajakumar, B. Flad, Jonathan E. Burkholder, James B. TI Kinetic study of the reaction of the acetyl radical, CH3CO, with O-3 using cavity ring-down spectroscopy SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RATE COEFFICIENTS; CHAIN-REACTION; ACETALDEHYDE; ACETONE; CHLORINE; NM AB Rate coefficients for the gas-phase reaction CH3CO + O-3 -> products (1) were measured between 248 and 403 K at 60-200 Torr (N-2). Rate coefficients were measured under pseudo-first-order conditions in CH3CO with CH3CO produced by 248 nm pulsed laser photolysis of acetone and monitored using cavity ring-down spectroscopy at 532 nm. Rate coefficients were found to be pressure independent with a weak negative temperature dependence k(1)(T) = 1.50(-0.30)(+0.25) x 10 (11) exp[(300 +/- 50)/T] cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) and k(1)(296 K) = (4.4 +/- 0.5) x 10 (11) cm(3) molecule (1) s (1) where the quoted uncertainties are 2 sigma and include estimated systematic errors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gierczak, Tomasz; Rajakumar, B.; Flad, Jonathan E.; Burkholder, James B.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Gierczak, Tomasz; Rajakumar, B.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Burkholder, JB (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM James.B.Burkholder@noaa.gov RI B, Rajakumar/H-3479-2011; Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU NOAA's Health; NASA's Atmospheric Composition FX This work was supported in part by NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere Program and NASA's Atmospheric Composition Program. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 7 PY 2010 VL 484 IS 4-6 BP 160 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.11.037 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 536NT UT WOS:000273051800015 ER PT J AU Juranek, LW Hamme, RC Kaiser, J Wanninkhof, R Quay, PD AF Juranek, Lauren W. Hamme, Roberta C. Kaiser, Jan Wanninkhof, Rik Quay, Paul D. TI Evidence of O-2 consumption in underway seawater lines: Implications for air-sea O-2 and CO2 fluxes SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INLET MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BIOFILMS; OXYGEN; BALANCE; PCO(2); WATER AB We observed O-2 deficits of 0.5 to 2.0% (1 to 4 mu mol/kg) in the underway seawater lines of three different ships. Deficits in O-2/Ar and isotopic enrichments in dissolved O2 observed in underway seawater lines indicate a respiratory removal process. A 1% respiratory bias in underway lines would lead to a 2.5-5 mu atm (2.5-5 mu bar) enhancement in surface water pCO(2). If an underway pCO(2) bias of this magnitude affected all measurements, the global oceanic carbon uptake based on pCO(2) climatologies would be 0.5-0.8 Pg/yr higher than the present estimate of 1.6 Pg/yr. Treatment of underway lines with bleach for several hours and thorough flushing appeared to minimize O-2 loss. Given the increasing interest in underway seawater measurements for the determination of surface CO2 and O-2 fluxes, respiration in underway seawater lines must be identified and eliminated on all observing ships to ensure unbiased data. Citation: Juranek, L. W., R. C. Hamme, J. Kaiser, R. Wanninkhof, and P. D. Quay (2010), Evidence of O-2 consumption in underway seawater lines: Implications for air-sea O-2 and CO2 fluxes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L01601, doi: 10.1029/2009GL040423. C1 [Juranek, Lauren W.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hamme, Roberta C.] Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. [Kaiser, Jan] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Quay, Paul D.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Wanninkhof, Rik] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Juranek, LW (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM laurie.juranek@noaa.gov RI Kaiser, Jan/D-3327-2009 OI Kaiser, Jan/0000-0002-1553-4043 FU NERC [NE/C51484X/1] FX We thank the captains and crews of all of the ships mentioned for their support of this work. We especially thank J. Shannahoff, who helped to test for and minimize O2 effects on the R/V Brown. We also thank B. Castle, G. Berberian, C. Langdon, N. Gist and B. Barnett for help with analyses. JK was supported by a NERC grant (NE/C51484X/1) to C. Robinson and M. Bender. This is contribution 183 of the AMT program. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 6 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L01601 DI 10.1029/2009GL040423 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 542OZ UT WOS:000273505600001 ER PT J AU Warneke, C Froyd, KD Brioude, J Bahreini, R Brock, CA Cozic, J de Gouw, JA Fahey, DW Ferrare, R Holloway, JS Middlebrook, AM Miller, L Montzka, S Schwarz, JP Sodemann, H Spackman, JR Stohl, A AF Warneke, C. Froyd, K. D. Brioude, J. Bahreini, R. Brock, C. A. Cozic, J. de Gouw, J. A. Fahey, D. W. Ferrare, R. Holloway, J. S. Middlebrook, A. M. Miller, L. Montzka, S. Schwarz, J. P. Sodemann, H. Spackman, J. R. Stohl, A. TI An important contribution to springtime Arctic aerosol from biomass burning in Russia SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION; CARBON; SNOW AB Using aircraft observations and transport model calculations we determine the total amounts of various gas-phase and aerosol species in the Arctic due to distant biomass burning (BB) emissions. We find that for many climate- relevant species, including black carbon (BC) and organic aerosols, fires in Russia that typically occur during the critical springtime snowmelt can more than double the high seasonal Arctic atmospheric background that has built up in the winter months (commonly called "Arctic haze''). Decision makers have targeted BC, because it is expected to cause strong positive forcing over snow-covered surfaces yet is significantly shorter lived than greenhouse gases. These results demonstrate that BB is more important for the Arctic than previously believed and should be considered in any attempt to mitigate impacts. Citation: Warneke, C., et al. (2010), An important contribution to springtime Arctic aerosol from biomass burning in Russia, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L01801, doi: 10.1029/2009GL041816. C1 [Warneke, C.; Froyd, K. D.; Brioude, J.; Bahreini, R.; Brock, C. A.; Cozic, J.; de Gouw, J. A.; Fahey, D. W.; Holloway, J. S.; Middlebrook, A. M.; Schwarz, J. P.; Spackman, J. R.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ferrare, R.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Miller, L.; Montzka, S.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sodemann, H.; Stohl, A.] Norwegian Inst Air Res, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway. [Warneke, C.; Froyd, K. D.; Brioude, J.; Bahreini, R.; Cozic, J.; de Gouw, J. A.; Holloway, J. S.; Schwarz, J. P.; Spackman, J. R.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Warneke, C (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, ESRL, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM carsten.warneke@noaa.gov RI Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Cozic, Julie/A-5464-2011; Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Brioude, Jerome/E-4629-2011; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Froyd, Karl/H-6607-2013; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008 OI Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400; Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826 NR 23 TC 87 Z9 90 U1 3 U2 38 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 6 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L01801 DI 10.1029/2009GL041816 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 542OZ UT WOS:000273505600006 ER PT J AU Xu, J Sigworth, FJ LaVan, DA AF Xu, Jian Sigworth, Fred J. LaVan, David A. TI Synthetic Protocells to Mimic and Test Cell Function SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID LIPID-BILAYER-MEMBRANES; AUREUS ALPHA-TOXIN; F0F1 ATP SYNTHASE; ENERGY-CONVERSION; ELECTRICAL BREAKDOWN; MICROFLUIDIC DEVICE; AIRWAY EPITHELIUM; SODIUM-PUMP; HEMOLYSIN; POWER AB Synthetic protocells provide a new means to probe, mimic and deconstruct cell behavior; they are a powerful tool to quantify cell behavior and a useful platform to explore nanomedicine. Protocells are not simple particles; they mimic cell design and typically consist of a stabilized lipid bilayer with membrane proteins. With a finite number of well characterized components, protocells can be designed to maximize useful outputs. Energy conversion in cells is an intriguing output; many natural cells convert transmembrane ion gradients into electricity by membrane-protein regulated ion transport. Here, a synthetic cell system comprising two droplets separated by a lipid bilayer is described that functions as a biological battery. The factors that affect its electrogenic performance are explained and predicted by coupling equations of the electrodes, transport proteins and membrane behavior. We show that the output of such biological batteries can reach an energy density of 6.9 x 10(6) J. m(-3), which is similar to 5% of the volumetric energy density of a lead-acid battery. The configuration with maximum power density has an energy conversion efficiency of 10%. C1 [LaVan, David A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xu, Jian] Yale Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Sigworth, Fred J.] Yale Univ, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP LaVan, DA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.lavan@nist.gov RI LaVan, David/C-3943-2012; Xu, Jian/A-6424-2013 OI LaVan, David/0000-0002-1952-0028; FU National Institutes of Health [PHS 2 PN2 EY016570B] FX This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health through the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research, as part of the National Center for Design of Biomimetic Nanoconductors, award number PHS 2 PN2 EY016570B. The full description of the materials and software used in this paper requires the identification of certain materials and software suppliers. The inclusion of such information should in no way be construed as indicating that such materials or software are endorsed by NIST or are recommended by NIST or that they are necessarily the best materials or software for the purposes described. Supporting Information is available online from Wiley InterScience or from the author. NR 78 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 41 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD JAN 5 PY 2010 VL 22 IS 1 BP 120 EP 127 DI 10.1002/adma.200901945 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 544SY UT WOS:000273680800022 PM 20217710 ER PT J AU Morgan, A Carlson, JK AF Morgan, Alexia Carlson, John K. TI Capture time, size and hooking mortality of bottom longline-caught sharks SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Shark; Longline; Hook timer; Mortality; Time depth recorder ID NORTHWEST ATLANTIC; SANDBAR SHARK; SURVIVAL; MODEL; FISHERY; GEAR AB The primary gear type used to harvest coastal sharks in the U.S. Atlantic shark fishery is bottom longline. Recent stock assessments have found several species of coastal sharks in U.S. Atlantic Ocean waters have declined from 60% to 80% of virgin levels. To aid in stock rebuilding, alternative gear restriction measures such as reduced soak time. restrictions on the length of gear, and fishing depth restrictions have been considered but not implemented. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of some of these management measures, controlled experiments were performed using hook timers and time depth recorders, assessing the factors affecting mortality during longline capture for the four most abundant species that incurred at-vessel mortality: sandbar (Carcharhinus plumbeus), blacktip (Carcharhinus limbatus), bull (Carcharhinus leucas), and blacknose (Carcharhinus acronotus). Our results indicate that as hook time and shark size increased mortality rates for the sandbar and blacktip sharks increased. Predicted models indicated mortality rates increased steadily for the three species but appeared to increase the most after 10, 6, and 1 h on the hook for sandbar, blacktip and blacknose shark, respectively. Sandbar sharks larger than approximately 170 cm FL are more susceptible to hooking mortality. Blacknose shark mortality rates increased as hook time increased but bull shark mortality rates were not affected by any factor. The probability of a hook being bitten increased the most between 5 and 12 h after the fishing gear had been set and the mean amount of time hooks were in the water prior to being bitten was 4, 5 and 9 h for sandbar and blacknose sharks, blacktip, and bull sharks, respectively. A significant difference was found between these means for sandbar and bull sharks and between blacknose and bull sharks. Shark species were commonly caught at different temperature and depth ranges. These results could be used by fisheries management to implement restrictions of fishing depth and soak time to aid in the recovery of coastal sharks species. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Morgan, Alexia] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Florida Program Shark Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Carlson, John K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. RP Morgan, A (reprint author), Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Florida Program Shark Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM amorgan@flmnh.ufl.edu; John.Carlson@noaa.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service, Cooperative Research Program FX We would like to thank the National Marine Fisheries Service, Cooperative Research Program for providing funding for this project, the F/V's Miss Shell, captain Scott Vaeth and Miss Danielle, captain Mike Egner for participating in this study and Michelle Press, Travis Ford, James Sulikowski and Laughlin Siceloff for collecting data and George Burgess for providing oversight of the Florida Program for Shark Research. NR 23 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD JAN 5 PY 2010 VL 101 IS 1-2 BP 32 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2009.09.004 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 534OT UT WOS:000272907700005 ER PT J AU Thorson, JT Berkson, J AF Thorson, James T. Berkson, Jim TI Evaluating single- and multi-species procedures to estimate time-varying catchability functional parameters SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Time-varying catchability; Stock assessment; Simulation model; Density dependence; Technology creep ID AT-AGE ANALYSIS; GADUS-MORHUA; ATLANTIC COD; FISHERIES; CATCH; MANAGEMENT; ABUNDANCE; STOCK; PERFORMANCE; SELECTION AB Time-varying catchability, is prevalent in many management regions, and can be modeled using density dependence and time trend parameters. A catchability, model can be estimated using single- or multi-species data, and parameter estimates might be of interest as an input for stock assessment models or in their own right (e.g., catchability, trends as an index of technology improvements). An operating model was developed to replicate the catch-at-age, fishery-independent survey, and catch-per-unit-effort data from the Gulf of Mexico. Ordinary least squares was used to estimate catchability, trends, density dependence, and annual catchability using 10 different estimation procedures. Procedures included an "imputation" strategy, where data from similar species are used to estimate catchability parameters for a focal species. Estimated trend, density dependence, and annual catchability were compared with index-specific operating model values to determine the precision and accuracy of different estimation procedures in a factorial model design. Multi-species procedures increased precision and accuracy of parameter estimates when compared with single-species procedures, and minimized errors in annual catchability estimates when compared with the assumption of constant catchability. Multi-species procedures also did not introduce large errors in functional parameter or annual catchability estimates, even when density dependence and trend were absent or when between-species variability was high. Procedures that imputed catchability functional parameters from similar species were precise and median unbiased given the quantity and quality of data that are available for the Gulf of Mexico. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Thorson, James T.] Virginia Tech, NMFS RTR Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Berkson, Jim] Virginia Tech, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, RTR Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Thorson, JT (reprint author), Virginia Tech, NMFS RTR Unit, 101 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM thorson@vt.edu RI Thorson, James/O-7937-2014 OI Thorson, James/0000-0001-7415-1010 FU National Marine Fisheries Service FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Clay Porch and Dr. Mike Prager for providing research guidance, and Alex Chester, Nick Lapointe, Dr. Brian Murphy, and Dr. Don Orth for manuscript reviews. Funding was provided by a grant from the National Marine Fisheries Service to Virginia Tech. NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD JAN 5 PY 2010 VL 101 IS 1-2 BP 38 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2009.09.005 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 534OT UT WOS:000272907700006 ER PT J AU McMillan, WW Pierce, RB Sparling, LC Osterman, G McCann, K Fischer, ML Rappengluck, B Newsom, R Turner, D Kittaka, C Evans, K Biraud, S Lefer, B Andrews, A Oltmans, S AF McMillan, W. W. Pierce, R. B. Sparling, L. C. Osterman, G. McCann, K. Fischer, M. L. Rappenglueck, B. Newsom, R. Turner, D. Kittaka, C. Evans, K. Biraud, S. Lefer, B. Andrews, A. Oltmans, S. TI An observational and modeling strategy to investigate the impact of remote sources on local air quality: A Houston, Texas, case study from the Second Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS II) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER; CARBON-DIOXIDE; WATER-VAPOR; RAMAN LIDAR; OZONE; AEROSOL; MODIS; POLLUTION; EUROPE; VALIDATION AB Quantifying the impacts of remote sources on individual air quality exceedances remains a significant challenge for air quality forecasting. One goal of the 2006 Second Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS II) was to assess the impact of distant sources on air quality in east Texas. From 23 to 30 August 2006, retrievals of tropospheric carbon monoxide (CO) from NASA's Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS) reveal the transport of CO from fires in the United States Pacific Northwest to Houston, Texas. This transport occurred behind a cold front and contributed to the worst ozone exceedance period of the summer in the Houston area. We present supporting satellite observations from the NASA A-Train constellation of the vertical distribution of smoke aerosols and CO. Ground-based in situ CO measurements in Oklahoma and Texas track the CO plume as it moves south and indicate mixing of the aloft plume to the surface by turbulence in the nocturnal boundary layer and convection during the day. Ground-based aerosol speciation and lidar observations do not find appreciable smoke aerosol transport for this case. However, MODIS aerosol optical depths and model simulations indicate some smoke aerosols were transported from the Pacific Northwest through Texas to the Gulf of Mexico. Chemical transport and forward trajectory models confirm the three major observations: (1) the AIRS envisioned CO transport, (2) the satellite determined smoke plume height, and (3) the timing of the observed surface CO increases. Further, the forward trajectory simulations find two of the largest Pacific Northwest fires likely had the most significant impact. C1 [McMillan, W. W.; Sparling, L. C.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [McMillan, W. W.; Sparling, L. C.; McCann, K.; Evans, K.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Pierce, R. B.] Univ Wisconsin, NOAA, NESDIS, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies,STAR, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Osterman, G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Fischer, M. L.; Biraud, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Rappenglueck, B.; Lefer, B.] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Newsom, R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Turner, D.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kittaka, C.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Andrews, A.; Oltmans, S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP McMillan, WW (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, 1000 Hilltop Cir, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM mcmillan@umbc.edu RI Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012; Biraud, Sebastien/M-5267-2013; Lefer, Barry/B-5417-2012 OI Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; Biraud, Sebastien/0000-0001-7697-933X; Lefer, Barry/0000-0001-9520-5495 FU NASA [NAG511163, NAG5-11653, NNG04GN42G, NNG06GB06G]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Division of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC03-76SF00098, DE-FG02-08ER64538] FX We were deeply saddened by the passing of coauthor Chieko Kittaka during the initial review of this manuscript. Her inputs to the revisions were sorely missed. The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the NASA EOS Program through NASA grants NAG511163, NAG5-11653, NNG04GN42G, and NNG06GB06G. Our thanks go to Minnie Wong at the University of Maryland, Fire Information for Resource Management System and the MODIS Rapid Response Project, for providing the MODIS hot spot data. The tower measurements in Oklahoma were supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Division of Biological and Environmental Research, Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program, under contract DE-AC03-76SF00098. Analysis of the Raman lidar data was partially supported by DOE grant DE-FG02-08ER64538 to the University of Wisconsin-Madison. We thank Mark Schoeberl for access to the GSFC trajectory code. Thanks go to the entire AIRS Team, particularly our NOAA collaborators Chris Barnet and Walter Wolf, and the personnel at NASA DISC. A special note of thanks goes to Bruce Doddridge of NASA and Fred Fehsenfeld of NOAA for supporting our involvement with TexAQS II. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U. S. Government position, policy, or decision. W. W. M. thanks Rae Force for her unwavering support. NR 53 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 5 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D01301 DI 10.1029/2009JD011973 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 542PF UT WOS:000273506200002 ER PT J AU Collilieux, X Altamimi, Z Coulot, D van Dam, T Ray, J AF Collilieux, Xavier Altamimi, Zuheir Coulot, David van Dam, Tonie Ray, Jim TI Impact of loading effects on determination of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Terrestrial Reference Frame; Loading effects; Geocenter motion; ITRF; Space geodesy ID BASE-LINE INTERFEROMETRY; ENERGY BALANCES; LAND WATER; EARTH; GPS; GEOCENTER; SURFACE; DISPLACEMENTS; VARIABILITY; MODEL AB The International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF), as a realization of the International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS), is represented by a set of station positions and linear velocities. They are intended to be used as regularized coordinates to which some corrections should be added to access instantaneous coordinates. The latest ITRS realization is the ITRF2005, which has integrated time series of station positions to form long-term solutions for the four space geodetic techniques. Currently, a purely linear model is used to parameterize station displacements in the estimation process, plus occasional discontinuities in case of earthquakes or equipment changes. However the input data have been derived without applying surface loading models and so surface loading effects are supposed to be embedded in the coordinates as measured quantities. We evaluate the effect of applying a posteriori loading corrections, which include the effect of atmospheric, non-tidal ocean, and continental water loading, to time series of positions estimated from Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR), Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), and Global Positioning System (GPS) data. We notice that they reduce about 50% or more of the annual signals in the translation and scale parameter time series of the SLR and VLBI techniques, except in SLR Z translation. In general, the estimated secular frame definition is negligibly affected and estimated positions and velocities are not significantly modified for stations that have accumulated a large number of observations. A mufti-technique combination of such derived frames allows concluding that, for some cases, loading model corrections might degrade co-located station coordinates almost as much as they benefit them. However, most significant improvement of the estimated secular coordinates is observed for stations with less than 100 estimated positions as demonstrated with a mufti-technique combination. (C) 2009 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Collilieux, Xavier; Altamimi, Zuheir; Coulot, David] Inst Geog Natl, LAREG, F-77455 Marne La Vallee, France. [Collilieux, Xavier; Altamimi, Zuheir; Coulot, David] GRGS, F-77455 Marne La Vallee, France. [van Dam, Tonie] Univ Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg. [Ray, Jim] NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Collilieux, X (reprint author), Inst Geog Natl, LAREG, 6-8 Ave Blaise Pascal, F-77455 Marne La Vallee, France. EM xavier.collilieux@ign.fr; zuheir.alta-mimi@ign.fr; david.coulot@ign.fr; tonie.van-dam@uni.lu; jim.ray@noaa.gov RI Altamimi, Zuheir/A-4168-2009 NR 40 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 EI 1879-1948 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PD JAN 4 PY 2010 VL 45 IS 1 BP 144 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2009.08.024 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 547VQ UT WOS:000273918100015 ER PT J AU Bailey, MM Mahoney, CM Dempah, KE Davis, JM Becker, ML Khondee, S Munson, EJ Berkland, C AF Bailey, Mark M. Mahoney, Christine M. Dempah, Kassibla E. Davis, Jeffrey M. Becker, Matthew L. Khondee, Supang Munson, Eric J. Berkland, Cory TI Fluorinated Copolymer Nanoparticles for Multimodal Imaging Applications SO MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE diagnostic imaging; fluoropolymers; magnetic resonance imaging; nanoparticles; SIMS ID ION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; IN-VIVO; TOF-SIMS; F-19 MRI; CHOLESTEROL; AGENTS; CELLS; RESOLUTION; MEMBRANES AB Nanomaterials have emerged as valuable tools in biomedical imaging techniques. Here, the synthesis and characterization of a novel fluorinated nanoparticle with potential applications as an MRI contrast agent is reported. Particles were synthesized using a free radical polymerization technique. Secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis showed that the particles' surface contained fluorinated groups and nitrogen-containing groups. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy suggested the presence of two distinct fluorine resonances, which conforms to the structure of the fluorinated mono mer. Ongoing studies aim to evaluate the performance of the nanoparticles as MRI contrast agents both in vitro and in vivo. C1 [Bailey, Mark M.; Berkland, Cory] Univ Kansas, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA. [Bailey, Mark M.; Mahoney, Christine M.; Davis, Jeffrey M.; Becker, Matthew L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Dempah, Kassibla E.; Khondee, Supang; Munson, Eric J.; Berkland, Cory] Univ Kansas, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA. RP Berkland, C (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA. EM berkland@ku.edu RI Khondee, Supang/I-7440-2016; OI Bailey, Mark/0000-0001-8950-1431 FU Madison and Lila Self Graduate Fellowship at the University of Kansas; Cystic Fibrosis Foundation; Coulter Foundation; Higuchi Biosciences Center; American Heart Association; NIH [R03 AR054035, P20 RRO16443]; NSF [CHE 0719464] FX The authors graciously acknowledge the Student Temporary Employment Program (STEP) at NIST, as well as Dr. Greg Gillen for his mentorship. They would also like to acknowledge funding from the Madison and Lila Self Graduate Fellowship at the University of Kansas, the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, the Coulter Foundation, and the Higuchi Biosciences Center, as well as additional funding from the American Heart Association. In addition, they would like to acknowledge funding from the NIH (R03 AR054035 and P20 RRO16443) and the NSF (CHE 0719464). The authors would also like to thank Dr. John T. Elliott at NIST for valuable discussions. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1336 J9 MACROMOL RAPID COMM JI Macromol. Rapid Commun. PD JAN 4 PY 2010 VL 31 IS 1 BP 87 EP 92 DI 10.1002/marc.200900505 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 544AR UT WOS:000273624100010 PM 21590842 ER PT S AU Aubrecht, C Elvidge, CD Ziskin, D Rodrigues, P Gil, A AF Aubrecht, C. Elvidge, C. D. Ziskin, D. Rodrigues, P. Gil, A. BE Wagner, W Szekely, B TI OBSERVING STRESS OF ARTIFICIAL NIGHT LIGHTING ON MARINE ECOSYSTEMS - A REMOTE SENSING APPLICATION STUDY SO 100 YEARS ISPRS ADVANCING REMOTE SENSING SCIENCE, PT 2 SE International Archives of the Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ISPRS Technical Commission VII Symposium - 100 Years ISPRS - Advancing Remote Sensing Science CY JUL 05-07, 2010 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP ISPRS DE Ecosystem; Marine; Impact Analysis; Monitoring; Satellite ID SEA-TURTLES; MOON PHASE; PETRELS; ATTRACTION; OCEAN AB Satellite based observation of nocturnal lighting opens up a variety of research and application fields dealing with impacts of light on the environment. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Geophysical Data Center (NOAA-NGDC) processes and archives nighttime lights data acquired by the U.S. Air Force Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Operational Linescan System (OLS). Initially designed to detect moonlit clouds this sensor is equipped with a photomultiplier tube intensifying the visible band signal at night and enabling the detection of lights present at the surface of the earth. It thus provides up-to-date information on the location and impact zone of oil and gas producing facilities, heavily lit fishing boats and the artificial night sky brightness that can extend many kilometers out from urban settlements. Artificial night lighting represents a direct threat to marine ecosystems and is an excellent proxy measure for indirect impacts such as human associated chronic water pollution. A growing body of evidence indicates that artificial sky brightness is an important stressor for many marine organisms, including birds and fish. In this paper we present selected 'eco-applications' of nighttime Earth Observation including assessment of light pollution impact on coral reefs and sea turtles. Coral reefs are highly photosensitive, i.e. many species synchronize their spawning through detection of low light intensity from moonlight and reef structure is strongly influenced by illumination. Settlements and other artificial sources of lighting provide illumination brighter than the full moon, especially at shorter wavelengths. Seabirds are intimately linked with the light features of their environments since they are nocturnally active. On the Azores Islands a campaign was initiated reporting light-induced falls of marine birds. Results will be presented of taking these available in situ data as reference for analyzing spatial correlations of altered environmental conditions and actual impact cases. C1 [Aubrecht, C.] AIT Austrian Inst Technol, Donau City Str 1, A-1220 Vienna, Austria. [Elvidge, C. D.; Ziskin, D.] Natl Ocean Atmospher Adm, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ziskin, D.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rodrigues, P.; Gil, A.] Univ Azores, Dept Biol, Azores, Portugal. RP Aubrecht, C (reprint author), AIT Austrian Inst Technol, Donau City Str 1, A-1220 Vienna, Austria. EM christoph.aubrecht@ait.ac.at; chris.elvidge@noaa.gov; daniel.ziskin@noaa.gov; pedrorodrigues@uac.pt; arturgil@uac.pt NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 20 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 2194-9034 J9 INT ARCH PHOTOGRAMM PY 2010 VL 38 BP 41 EP 46 PN 7B PG 6 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BA9HT UT WOS:000339410200009 ER PT S AU Sun, DL Yu, YY AF Sun, D. L. Yu, Y. Y. BE Wagner, W Szekely, B TI DERIVING WATER FRACTION AND FLOOD MAP WITH THE EOS/MODIS DATA USING REGRESSION TREE APPROACH SO 100 YEARS ISPRS ADVANCING REMOTE SENSING SCIENCE, PT 2 SE International Archives of the Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ISPRS Technical Commission VII Symposium - 100 Years ISPRS - Advancing Remote Sensing Science CY JUL 05-07, 2010 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP ISPRS DE Regression Tree; Flood; MODIS; Water fraction ID AVHRR; BANGLADESH; WETLAND; AREA AB This study investigates how to derive water fraction and flood map from the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Earth Observing System (EOS) using a Regression Tree (RT) approach. The RT approach can integrate all the possible candidate predictors, such as the MODIS channel 2 reflectance (CH2), reflectance ratio (CH2/CH1), reflectance difference (CH2-CH1) between MODIS channels 2 and 1, vegetation and water indices. Meanwhile, it provides accuracy estimates of the derivation. The recent floods in New Orleans area in August 2005 were selected for the study. MODIS surface reflectance with the matched surface water fraction data were used for the RT training. From the training set, 60% were used for training, and the remaining 40% for test. Rules and regression models from the RT training were applied for real applications to New Orleans flooding in 2005 to calculate water fraction values. Flood distributions in both space and time domains were generated using the differences in water fraction values after and before the flooding. The derived water fraction maps were evaluated using higher resolution Thematic Mapper (TM) data from the Landsat observations. It shows that correlation between the water fractions derived from the MODIS and TM data is 0.97, with difference or "bias" of 2.16%, standard deviation of 3.89%, and root mean square error (rmse) of 4.45%. The results show that the RT approach in dynamic monitoring of floods is promising. C1 [Sun, D. L.] George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Yu, Y. Y.] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Sun, DL (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM dsun@gmu.edu; yunyue.yu@noaa.gov FU GOES- R program through the GOES- R Algorithm Working Group. FX This study was supported by the GOES- R program through the GOES- R Algorithm Working Group. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 2194-9034 J9 INT ARCH PHOTOGRAMM PY 2010 VL 38 BP 552 EP 556 PN 7B PG 5 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BA9HT UT WOS:000339410200103 ER PT B AU Martin, AF Greenberg, CS AF Martin, Alvin F. Greenberg, Craig S. GP INST SPEECH COMMUN ASSOC TI The NIST 2010 Speaker Recognition Evaluation SO 11TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE INTERNATIONAL SPEECH COMMUNICATION ASSOCIATION 2010 (INTERSPEECH 2010), VOLS 3 AND 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual Conference of the International-Speech-Communication-Association 2010 CY SEP 26-30, 2010 CL Makuhari, JAPAN SP Japan World Exposit, Commemorat Org, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Telecommunicat Advancement Fdn, KDDI Fdn, Murata Sci Fdn, Adv Telecommunicat Technol Res Fdn, Support Ctr, Chiba Convent Bur & Int Ctr, Renesas Elect Corp, Google, Microsoft Corp, Nuance Commun Inc, Appen Pty Ltd, IBM Res, Sony Corp, Hitachi Ltd, Yahoo Japan Corp, Asahi Kasei Corp, KDDI R & D Lab Inc, Yamaha Corp, Toshiba Corp, Fujitsu Ltd, Mitsubishi Elect Corp, RION Co Ltd, NEC Corp DE speaker recognition; speaker detection; NIST evaluations AB The 2010 NIST Speaker Recognition Evaluation continues a series of evaluations of text independent speaker detection begun in 1996. It utilizes the newly collected Mixer-6 and Greybeard Corpora from the Linguistic Data Consortium. Major test conditions to be examined include variations in channel, speech style, vocal effort, and the effect of speaker aging over a multi-year period. A new primary evaluation metric giving increased weight to false alarm errors compared to misses is being used. A small evaluation test with a limited number of trials is also being offered for systems that include human expertise in their processing. C1 [Martin, Alvin F.; Greenberg, Craig S.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Martin, AF (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM alvin.martin@nist.gov; craig.greenberg@nist.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ISCA-INST SPEECH COMMUNICATION ASSOC PI BAIXAS PA C/O EMMANUELLE FOXONET, 4 RUE DES FAUVETTES, LIEU DIT LOUS TOURILS, BAIXAS, F-66390, FRANCE BN 978-1-61782-123-3 PY 2010 BP 2734 EP 2737 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDG18 UT WOS:000313086500296 ER PT S AU Bryant, GW Malkova, N Sims, J Zielinski, M Jaskolski, W Aizpurua, J AF Bryant, Garnett W. Malkova, Natalia Sims, James Zielinski, Michal Jaskolski, W. Aizpurua, Javier BE Vina, L Tejedor, C Calleja, JM TI REENGINEERING THE OPTICS OF QUANTUM DOTS USING NANOMECHANICAL STRAIN SO 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTICS OF EXCITONS IN CONFINED SYSTEMS (OECS11) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Conference on Optics of Excitons in Confined Systems CY SEP 07-11, 2009 CL Univ Autonoma Madrid, SPAIN HO Univ Autonoma Madrid C1 [Bryant, Garnett W.; Malkova, Natalia; Sims, James] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM garnett.bryant@nist.gov RI Jaskolski, Wlodzimierz/D-1318-2014; Aizpurua, Javier/E-6889-2014 OI Jaskolski, Wlodzimierz/0000-0003-4814-1876; Aizpurua, Javier/0000-0002-1444-7589 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 210 PG 1 WC Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA BUL25 UT WOS:000289715800044 ER PT S AU Muller, A Solomon, GS AF Muller, Andreas Solomon, Glenn S. BE Vina, L Tejedor, C Calleja, JM TI EMISSION SPECTRUM OF A DRESSED EXCITON-BIEXCITON SYSTEM IN A SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOT SO 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTICS OF EXCITONS IN CONFINED SYSTEMS (OECS11) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Conference on Optics of Excitons in Confined Systems CY SEP 07-11, 2009 CL Univ Autonoma Madrid, SPAIN HO Univ Autonoma Madrid C1 [Muller, Andreas; Solomon, Glenn S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD USA. EM glenn.solomon@nist.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 210 PG 1 WC Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA BUL25 UT WOS:000289715800147 ER PT S AU Ward, MB Intallura, PM Natarajan, CM Hadfield, RH Atkinson, P Yuan, ZL Miki, S Fujiwara, M Sasaki, M Wang, Z Baek, B Nam, SW Ritchie, DA Shields, AJ AF Ward, M. B. Intallura, P. M. Natarajan, C. M. Hadfield, R. H. Atkinson, P. Yuan, Z. L. Miki, S. Fujiwara, M. Sasaki, M. Wang, Z. Baek, B. Nam, S. W. Ritchie, D. A. Shields, A. J. BE Vina, L Tejedor, C Calleja, JM TI Biexciton cascade in telecommunication wavelength quantum dots SO 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTICS OF EXCITONS IN CONFINED SYSTEMS (OECS11) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Optics of Excitons in Confined Systems CY SEP 07-11, 2009 CL Univ Autonoma Madrid, Cantoblanco, SPAIN SP Univ Autonomous Madrid, Spanish Minist Educ & Sci, European Union, Europhys Letters, Semicond Sci & Technol, European Phys Soc, Fdn Madrid, Consejo Superior Investigac Cientificas, Consolider Res Project Quantum Opt Informat Technol, Lasing SA, Newport, Innova Sci HO Univ Autonoma Madrid ID SINGLE-PHOTON SOURCE AB We report on polarisation correlation from the cascaded recombination of biexcitons in a quantum dot emitting at a telecommunication wavelength. The fine structure splitting of the exciton state in this InAs/GaAs quantum dot is of the order of 100 mu eV and polarisation correlation is expected. Strong polarisation correlation between the biexciton and exciton emission lines is observed under both continuous wave (CW) and pulsed laser excitation so telecom wavelength quantum dots with lower energy splittings could be suitable for entangled photon pair generation. Measurements were performed using nanowire superconducting single photon detectors (SSPDs). SSPDs offer low time-jitter and improve the resolution of features in the correlation spectra, including the asymmetric dip and peak resulting from the cascaded emission with the peak extending more than an order of magnitude above the Poissonian level. C1 [Ward, M. B.; Intallura, P. M.; Yuan, Z. L.; Shields, A. J.] Toshiba Res Europe Ltd, Cambridge Res Lab, 208 Cambridge Sci Pk,Milton Rd, Cambridge CB4 0GZ, England. [Intallura, P. M.; Atkinson, P.; Ritchie, D. A.] Univ Cambridge, Cavevdish Lab, Cambridge CB4 0HE, England. [Natarajan, C. M.; Hadfield, R. H.] Heriot Watt Univ, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. [Miki, S.; Fujiwara, M.; Sasaki, M.; Wang, Z.] Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, 4-2-1 Nukuikitamachi, Koganei, Tokyo 1848795, Japan. [Baek, B.; Nam, S. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Ward, MB (reprint author), Toshiba Res Europe Ltd, Cambridge Res Lab, 208 Cambridge Sci Pk,Milton Rd, Cambridge CB4 0GZ, England. EM martin.ward@crl.toshiba.co.uk RI Hadfield, Robert/L-8081-2013; Natarajan, Chandra/C-3230-2014; Natarajan, Chandra/O-5521-2015; OI Hadfield, Robert/0000-0002-8084-4187; Yuan, Zhiliang/0000-0001-5276-9151 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 210 AR UNSP 012036 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/210/1/012036 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA BUL25 UT WOS:000289715800248 ER PT S AU Yu, TW AF Yu, Tsann-Wang BE Oluseyi, HM TI Advances and Challenges in Numerical Weather and Climate Prediction SO 2009 JOINT ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE NATIONAL SOCIETY OF BLACK PHYSICISTS AND THE NATIONAL SOCIETY OF HISPANIC PHYSICISTS, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Joint Annual Meeting of the National-Society-of-Black-Physicists/National-Society-of-Hispanic-Physic s CY FEB 11-15, 2009 CL Fisk Univ, Nashville, TN SP Natl Sci Fdn, Natl Aeronautics & Space Adm, Us Dept Energy, Off Naval Res (ONR), Fisk Univ, Vanderbilt Univ HO Fisk Univ DE numerical weather and climate prediction; Rossby waves; internal and external gravity waves; three and four dimensional variational data assimilation; ensemble prediction; coupling of physics and dynamics; dispersive waves; group velocity; easterly waves; normal mode analysis ID MULTIRESOLUTION ENSEMBLE FORECASTS; TORNADIC THUNDERSTORM SYSTEM; HIGH-RESOLUTION; PHYSICAL PARAMETERIZATIONS; DATA ASSIMILATION; SINGULAR VECTORS; SPLITTING METHOD; BRED VECTORS; MODEL; PERTURBATIONS AB In this review article, the dispersive nature of various waves that exist in the atmosphere is first reviewed. These waves include Rossby waves, Kelvin wave, acoustic wave, internal and external gravity waves and many others, whose intrinsic nature and great relevancy to weather and climate forecasts are described. This paper then describes the latest development in global observations and data analysis and assimilation methodologies. These include three-dimensional and four dimensional variational data assimilation systems that are being used in the world's major operational weather and climate forecasting centers. Some of the recent results in using novel atmospheric satellite and chemical observation data applied to these data assimilation systems and those from the latest development in high resolution modeling and the ensemble forecasting approach in the operational numerical weather forecasting centers are also presented. Finally, problems of inherent errors associated with initial conditions, and those associated with the coupling of dynamics and physics and their related numerical issues in variational data assimilation systems are discussed. C1 Howard Univ, Dept Mech Engn, NOAA, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Yu, TW (reprint author), Howard Univ, Dept Mech Engn, NOAA, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Washington, DC 20059 USA. NR 83 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0830-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1280 BP 142 EP 158 PG 17 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BTH72 UT WOS:000286947800015 ER PT S AU Celotta, RJ AF Celotta, Robert J. GP IEEE TI The NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology: Supporting US Innovation in Nanotechnology SO 2010 18TH BIENNIAL UNIVERSITY/GOVERNMENT/INDUSTRY MICRO-NANO SYMPOSIUM SE University Government Industry Micro-Nano Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Biennial University/Government/Industry Micro-Nano Symposium CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2010 CL Purdue Univ, West Lafayette, IN SP IEEE HO Purdue Univ DE component; NIST; CNST; commerce; nanocenter; nanofabrication; nanomeasurement; nanomanufacturing; future electronics; energy AB The NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (CNST) was established in May of 2007 to accelerate innovation in nanotechnology-based commerce. Located in NIST's Advanced Measurement Laboratory Complex on the Gaithersburg, MD campus, the CNST is the only national nanocenter with a focus on commerce. It supports the development of nanotechnology through research on measurement and fabrication methods and technology. The CNST has a unique design which supports the U. S. nanotechnology enterprise through the readily available, shared use NanoFab, as well as providing opportunities for collaboration in multidisciplinary research on new nanoscale measurement instruments and methods. The NanoFab is accessible to industry, academia, NIST, and other government agencies on a cost-reimbursable basis. With a simple application process, the NanoFab provides rapid access to a comprehensive suite of tools and processes for nanofabrication and measurement. While the NanoFab provides a comprehensive suite of commercial tools, the CNST's research scientists and engineers are creating the next generation of nanoscale measurement instruments and fabrication methods, which are made available through collaboration. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Celotta, RJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Robert.Celotta@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0749-6877 BN 978-1-4244-4732-9 J9 U GOV IND MICRO NANO PY 2010 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BTO08 UT WOS:000287454500010 ER PT J AU Tang, XA Ma, LJ Slattery, O AF Tang, Xiao Ma, Lijun Slattery, Oliver GP IEEE TI Ultra low dark-count-rate up-conversion single photon detector SO 2010 23RD ANNUAL MEETING OF THE IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual Meeting of the IEEE Photonics-Society CY NOV 07-11, 2010 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE Photon Soc ID WAVELENGTH AB We have demonstrated an ultra low noise up-conversion single photon detector using a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide. The dark count rate of this detector is lower than 100 counts/second at 10% detection efficiency. C1 [Tang, Xiao; Ma, Lijun; Slattery, Oliver] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tang, XA (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM xiao.tang@nist.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5369-6 PY 2010 BP 112 EP 113 DI 10.1109/PHOTONICS.2010.5698783 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BTS83 UT WOS:000287997500057 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, K Miao, HX Rakher, MT Davanco, M Aksyuk, V AF Srinivasan, Kartik Miao, Houxun Rakher, Matthew T. Davanco, Marcelo Aksyuk, Vladimir GP IEEE TI Optomechanical Transduction of a Cantilever Probe Using a High-Q Si Microdisk Cavity SO 2010 23RD ANNUAL MEETING OF THE IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual Meeting of the IEEE Photonics-Society CY NOV 07-11, 2010 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE Photon Soc AB The authors discuss one type of general forward-backward stochastic differential equations (FBSDEs) with It's stochastic delayed equations as the forward equations and anticipated backward stochastic differential equations as the backward equations. The existence and uniqueness results of the general FBSDEs are obtained. In the framework of the general FBSDEs in this paper, the explicit form of the optimal control for linearquadratic stochastic optimal control problem with delay and the Nash equilibrium point for nonzero sum differential games problem with delay are obtained. C1 [Srinivasan, Kartik; Miao, Houxun; Rakher, Matthew T.; Davanco, Marcelo; Aksyuk, Vladimir] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Srinivasan, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Rakher, Matthew/C-2287-2011; OI Rakher, Matthew/0000-0002-4490-4197; Aksyuk, Vladimir/0000-0002-9653-4722 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5369-6 PY 2010 BP 195 EP 196 DI 10.1109/PHOTONICS.2010.5698825 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BTS83 UT WOS:000287997500099 ER PT S AU Mahboubi, H Momeni, A Aghdam, AG Sayrafian-Pour, K Marbukh, V AF Mahboubi, Hamid Momeni, Ahmadreza Aghdam, Amir G. Sayrafian-Pour, Kamran Marbukh, Vladimir GP IEEE TI Optimal Target Tracking Strategy with Controlled Node Mobility in Mobile Sensor Networks SO 2010 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2010 CL Baltimore, MD ID CROSS-LAYER OPTIMIZATION; WIRELESS NETWORKS; DEPLOYMENT; LIFETIME; DESIGN; ROBOTS; ENERGY AB This paper is concerned with target tracking using a network of collaborative sensors. The objective is to compute (online) the desired sensing and communication radii of sensors as well as their location at each time instant, such that a set of prescribed specifications are achieved. These specifications include end-to-end connectivity preservation from the target to a fixed destination, while durability of sensors is maximized and the overall energy consumption is minimized. The problem is formulated as a constrained optimization, and a procedure is presented to solve it. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques. C1 [Mahboubi, Hamid; Momeni, Ahmadreza; Aghdam, Amir G.] Concordia Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1455 Maisonneuve Blvd W,EV005-139, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada. [Sayrafian-Pour, Kamran; Marbukh, Vladimir] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mahboubi, H (reprint author), Concordia Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1455 Maisonneuve Blvd W,EV005-139, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada. EM h_mahbo@ece.concordia.ca; a_momeni@ece.concordia.ca; aghdam@ece.concordia.ca; ksayrafian@nist.gov; marbukh@nist.gov NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-7427-1 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2010 BP 2921 EP 2928 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BTK95 UT WOS:000287187903051 ER PT S AU Minnikanti, S Reyes, DR Aguilar, RC Pancrazio, JJ Gaitan, M Peixoto, N AF Minnikanti, S. Reyes, D. R. Aguilar, R. C. Pancrazio, J. J. Gaitan, M. Peixoto, N. GP IEEE TI Microfluidic based contactless dielectrophoretic device: modeling and analysis SO 2010 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC) SE IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society (EMBC 10) CY AUG 30-SEP 04, 2010 CL Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA SP IEEE Engn Med & Biol Soc (EMBS) ID CELL MANIPULATION; PARTICLES AB While there have been many attempts at patterning cells onto substrates, a reliable method for trapping cell clusters and forming cell arrays in a predefined geometry remains to be demonstrated. We intend to develop a multielectrode array platform to initially trap cells via dielectrophoresis (DEP) and to later measure their electrical activity. As a first step toward that objective, here we present an interdigitated microfabricated comb structure. We designed an optimal insulation layer via finite element modeling for maximum dielectrophoretic field strength in solution and minimal cell damage. The microfabricated structure was combined with a microfluidic channel to vertically constrain cell position. With the objective of capturing cells onto the substrate, we here show that there is an optimal thickness of dielectric which limits electrolysis in solution and still allows for sufficient dielectrophoretic force on the cells to pull them onto the surface. C1 [Minnikanti, S.; Pancrazio, J. J.; Peixoto, N.] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Aguilar, R. C.] Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Gaitan, M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Minnikanti, S (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM sminnika@gmu.edu; jpancraz@gmu.edu; npeixoto@gmu.edu RI Pancrazio, Joseph/M-3206-2015 OI Pancrazio, Joseph/0000-0001-8276-3690 FU Cosmos Club of Washington (Washington, DC) FX The first author thanks the Cosmos Club of Washington (Washington, DC) for financial support. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1557-170X BN 978-1-4244-4124-2 J9 IEEE ENG MED BIO PY 2010 BP 6506 EP 6509 DI 10.1109/IEMBS.2010.5627366 PG 4 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BTS36 UT WOS:000287964006226 ER PT J AU Baumann, E Giorgetta, FR Coddington, I Swann, WC Newbury, NR AF Baumann, E. Giorgetta, F. R. Coddington, I. Swann, W. C. Newbury, N. R. GP IEEE TI Dual Frequency Combs at 3.4 mu m with Subhertz Residual Linewidths SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (QELS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS) CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA ID SPECTROMETER; GENERATION AB Two coherent 1.5 mu m frequency combs are transferred to 3.4 mu m by difference-frequency generation with a 1064 nm cw laser. From a multi-heterodyne measurement, the residual linewidth between the comb teeth is resolution-limited at 200 mHz. Work of the U. S. government, not subject to copyright. C1 [Baumann, E.; Giorgetta, F. R.; Coddington, I.; Swann, W. C.; Newbury, N. R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Baumann, E (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM esther.baumann@nist.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-890-2 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BUW45 UT WOS:000290513600290 ER PT J AU Biercuk, MJ Uys, H VanDevender, AP Shiga, N Itano, WM Bollinger, JJ AF Biercuk, Michael J. Uys, Hermann VanDevender, Aaron P. Shiga, Nobuyasu Itano, Wayne M. Bollinger, John J. GP IEEE TI Preserving quantum coherence using optimized open-loop control techniques SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (QELS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS) CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB We describe experimental and theoretical studies of open-loop quantum control techniques known as dynamical decoupling (DD) for the suppression of decoherence-induced errors in quantum systems. Our experiments on trapped atomic ion qubits demonstrate that it is possible to optimize the construction of DD sequences for a given noise power spectral density. Studies of novel sequences derived analytically or through numerical optimization - while maintaining fixed control resources - demonstrate large gains in our ability to preserve quantum coherence in arbitrary noise environments. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Biercuk, Michael J.; Uys, Hermann; VanDevender, Aaron P.; Shiga, Nobuyasu; Itano, Wayne M.; Bollinger, John J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Biercuk, MJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM biercuk@boulder.nist.gov RI Biercuk, Michael/B-4768-2010 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-890-2 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BUW45 UT WOS:000290513602081 ER PT J AU Chao, Q Hudson, D Kutz, JN Christodoulides, DN Morandotti, R Cundiff, ST AF Chao, Qing Hudson, Darren Kutz, J. Nathan Christodoulides, Demetrios N. Morandotti, Roberto Cundiff, Steven T. GP IEEE TI Spectral Phase Clamping in Waveguide Arrays SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (QELS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS) CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB We report spectral phase clamping of femtosecond pulses propagating in a waveguide array. The waveguide sets the spectral phase of the output pulses to a fixed value, regardless of the input chirp. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Chao, Qing; Hudson, Darren; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Chao, Qing; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hudson, Darren; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kutz, J. Nathan] Univ Washington, Dept Math Appl, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Christodoulides, Demetrios N.] Univ Cent Florida, CREOL, Coll Opt & Photon, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Morandotti, Roberto] Univ Quebec, Inst Natl Recherche Sci, Varennes, PQ J3X 1S2, Canada. [Hudson, Darren] Univ Otago, Dept Phys, NL-9054 Dunedin, New Zealand. RP Chao, Q (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-890-2 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BUW45 UT WOS:000290513603272 ER PT J AU Chen, MC Arpin, P Popmintchev, T Gerrity, MR Seaberg, M Zhang, B Murnane, MM Kapteyn, HC AF Chen, M. -C. Arpin, P. Popmintchev, T. Gerrity, M. R. Seaberg, M. Zhang, B. Murnane, M. M. Kapteyn, H. C. GP IEEE TI Full Phase Matching of Ultrafast Coherent High Harmonic X-Rays at 0.5 keV SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (QELS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS) CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB By focusing a 2 mu m driving laser into a multi-atmosphere pressure, gas-filled waveguide, we demonstrate full phase matching of high harmonic x-rays throughout the water window for the first time, at energies >0.5 keV. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Chen, M. -C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Chen, M. -C.; Arpin, P.; Popmintchev, T.; Gerrity, M. R.; Seaberg, M.; Zhang, B.; Murnane, M. M.; Kapteyn, H. C.] UCB, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Chen, MC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM mchen@jila.colorado.edu RI Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011; Popmintchev, Tenio/B-6715-2008; Zhang, Bosheng/F-6122-2016 OI Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317; Popmintchev, Tenio/0000-0002-2023-2226; Zhang, Bosheng/0000-0001-7027-833X NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-890-2 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BUW45 UT WOS:000290513602230 ER PT J AU Dai, XC Bristow, AD Karaiskaj, D Cundiff, ST AF Dai, Xingcan Bristow, Alan D. Karaiskaj, Denis Cundiff, Steven T. GP IEEE TI Two-Dimensional Fourier-Transform Spectroscopy of Potassium Vapor SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (QELS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS) CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB Various two-dimensional Fourier-transform spectra of potassium vapor have been obtained to show coherent interactions and isolate Raman-like coherences. The experimental results agree well with numerical calculation based on optical Bloch equations. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Dai, Xingcan; Bristow, Alan D.; Karaiskaj, Denis; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Dai, XC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiffs@jila.colorado.edu RI Bristow, Alan/F-9703-2013 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-890-2 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BUW45 UT WOS:000290513603055 ER PT J AU Davanco, M Rakher, MT Badolato, A Srinivasan, K AF Davanco, Marcelo Rakher, Matthew T. Badolato, Antonio Srinivasan, Kartik GP IEEE TI Fiber-coupled waveguides for strong resonant interactions with single semiconductor quantum dots SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (QELS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS) CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA ID DIPOLE; SYSTEM AB We investigate fiber-coupled waveguides engineered for efficient interaction with single semiconductor quantum dots, with calculated fluorescence collection > 70% and approximate to 15 dB transmission contrast upon resonant excitation. Characterization of passive waveguides and preliminary photoluminescence measurements are presented. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Davanco, Marcelo; Rakher, Matthew T.; Srinivasan, Kartik] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Davanco, Marcelo] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nano Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Badolato, Antonio] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Davanco, M (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mdavanco@nist.gov RI Rakher, Matthew/C-2287-2011 OI Rakher, Matthew/0000-0002-4490-4197 FU NIST-CNST/UMD-NanoCenter Cooperative Agreement FX This work has been partly supported by the NIST-CNST/UMD-NanoCenter Cooperative Agreement. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-890-2 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BUW45 UT WOS:000290513600195 ER PT J AU Dyer, SD Baek, B Nam, SW Tanner, MG Hadfield, RH AF Dyer, Shellee D. Baek, Burm Nam, Sae Woo Tanner, Michael G. Hadfield, Robert H. GP IEEE TI High Spatial Resolution Distributed Fiber Sensor Using Raman Scattering in Single-Mode Fiber SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (QELS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS) CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA ID DETECTOR AB We demonstrate a distributed fiber temperature sensor based on Raman scattering in single-mode fiber. Using low-timing jitter superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors, we are able to achieve spatial resolution as fine as 1 cm. C1 [Dyer, Shellee D.; Baek, Burm; Nam, Sae Woo; Tanner, Michael G.; Hadfield, Robert H.] NIST, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Dyer, SD (reprint author), NIST, Div Optoelect, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sdyer@boulder.nist.gov RI Hadfield, Robert/L-8081-2013; Tanner, Michael/A-4440-2012 OI Hadfield, Robert/0000-0002-8084-4187; NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-890-2 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BUW45 UT WOS:000290513600048 ER PT J AU Feng, MM Mirin, RP Silverman, KL Cundiff, ST AF Feng, Mingming Mirin, Richard P. Silverman, Kevin L. Cundiff, Steven T. GP IEEE TI Bistable wavelength switching in a two-section quantum-dot mode-locked diode laser SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (QELS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS) CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB We investigate the wavelength-switching dynamics of a bistable two-section quantum-dot diode laser. The switching time between the two stable wavelengths is about 150 ps, which corresponds to two round trips in the laser. (C)2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Feng, Mingming; Mirin, Richard P.; Silverman, Kevin L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cundiff, Steven T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Feng, MM (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mingming.feng@colorado.edu RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-890-2 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BUW45 UT WOS:000290513600363 ER PT J AU Flagg, EB Muller, A Polyakov, SV Ling, A Migdall, AL Solomon, GS AF Flagg, E. B. Muller, A. Polyakov, S. V. Ling, A. Migdall, A. L. Solomon, G. S. GP IEEE TI Two-photon Interference from Separate Quantum Dots SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (QELS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS) CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB We use strain to tune into resonance two different, remote quantum dots and show that the emitted photons will produce Hong-Ou-Mandel interference. C1 [Flagg, E. B.; Muller, A.; Polyakov, S. V.; Ling, A.; Migdall, A. L.; Solomon, G. S.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, NIST, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Flagg, EB (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, NIST, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM edward.flagg@nist.gov RI Flagg, Edward/G-2897-2013 OI Flagg, Edward/0000-0002-8065-4092 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-890-2 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BUW45 UT WOS:000290513603266 ER PT J AU Fox, RW AF Fox, R. W. GP IEEE TI Temperature Response of ULE Fabry-Perot Cavities SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (QELS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS) CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA ID EXPANSION AB Low expansion glass cavities with optically contacted mirrors can exhibit structural distortions at the mirrors which may shift the temperature at which d./dT=0. An update on experiments to confirm finite element modeling analysis is presented. (C)2010 Optical Society of America C1 NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Fox, RW (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM richard.fox@nist.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-890-2 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BUW45 UT WOS:000290513602428 ER PT J AU Giorgetta, FR Coddington, I Baumann, E Swann, WC Newbury, NR AF Giorgetta, F. R. Coddington, I. Baumann, E. Swann, W. C. Newbury, N. R. GP IEEE TI Dual Frequency Comb Sampling of a Quasi-Thermal Incoherent Light Source SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (QELS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS) CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA ID SPECTROMETER AB Dual, coherent frequency combs are used to measure the spectrum of an incoherent, quasi-thermal source through Fourier spectroscopy. The source spectrum is acquired over 1 THz bandwidth with an absolute frequency accuracy set by the combs. Work of the U. S. government, not subject to copyright. C1 [Giorgetta, F. R.; Coddington, I.; Baumann, E.; Swann, W. C.; Newbury, N. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Giorgetta, FR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM fabrizio.giorgetta@nist.gov RI Giorgetta, Fabrizio/O-1730-2014 OI Giorgetta, Fabrizio/0000-0003-2066-3912 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-890-2 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BUW45 UT WOS:000290513601381 ER PT J AU Giorgetta, FR Coddington, I Baumann, E Swann, WC Newbury, NR AF Giorgetta, F. R. Coddington, I. Baumann, E. Swann, W. C. Newbury, N. R. GP IEEE TI Fast and Accurate Comb-based Spectral Analysis of a Frequency Agile CW Laser SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (QELS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS) CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA ID NOBEL LECTURE; PRECISION; DIODE AB The time-resolved frequency spectrum of a frequency agile CW laser is measured with a 300 ms update rate and 3 kHz resolution/accuracy over a 28 nm wavelength range with a coherent dual comb setup. Work of the U. S. government, not subject to copyright. C1 [Giorgetta, F. R.; Coddington, I.; Baumann, E.; Swann, W. C.; Newbury, N. R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Giorgetta, FR (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM fabrizio.giorgetta@nist.gov RI Giorgetta, Fabrizio/O-1730-2014 OI Giorgetta, Fabrizio/0000-0003-2066-3912 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-890-2 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BUW45 UT WOS:000290513600388 ER PT J AU Goldschmidt, EA Polyakov, SV Beavan, SE Fan, J Migdall, AL AF Goldschmidt, E. A. Polyakov, S. V. Beavan, S. E. Fan, J. Migdall, A. L. GP IEEE TI Tailored State Preparation for Solid-State Quantum Memory SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (QELS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS) CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB We report progress in implementing a quantum memory scheme in Pr(3+):Y(2)SiO(5), including experimental and theoretical results using spectral hole-burning to generate narrow absorbing features and implement narrow spectral filtering. C1 [Goldschmidt, E. A.; Polyakov, S. V.; Beavan, S. E.; Fan, J.; Migdall, A. L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Goldschmidt, EA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM elizabeth.goldschmidt@nist.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-890-2 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BUW45 UT WOS:000290513603120 ER PT J AU Johnson, TA Diddams, SA AF Johnson, Todd A. Diddams, Scott A. GP IEEE TI Mid-IR frequency comb upconversion spectroscopy SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (QELS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS) CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA ID GENERATION; PULSES AB We present a mid-infrared frequency comb generated via differency frequency mixing of a Yb femtosecond fiber laser. After passing through a methane gas sample, the MIR comb is upconverted and dispersed onto a CCD for detection. (C)2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Johnson, Todd A.; Diddams, Scott A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Johnson, TA (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM toddj@nist.gov RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-890-2 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BUW45 UT WOS:000290513600389 ER PT J AU Karaiskaj, D Moody, G Bristow, AD Siemens, ME Dai, X Bracker, AS Gammon, D Cundiff, ST AF Karaiskaj, D. Moody, G. Bristow, A. D. Siemens, M. E. Dai, X. Bracker, A. S. Gammon, D. Cundiff, S. T. GP IEEE TI Homogeneous Linewidth Temperature Dependence of Interfacial GaAs Quantum Dots Studied with Optical 2D Fourier-Transform Spectroscopy SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (QELS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS) CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB Optical 2D Fourier-transform spectroscopy extracts the temperature-dependent homogeneous lineshape of an ensemble of interfacial quantum dots. The asymmetric lineshape reveals that confinement and excitation-induced dephasing compete with strong exciton-phonon interactions, which dominate at higher temperature. (C)2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Karaiskaj, D.; Moody, G.; Bristow, A. D.; Siemens, M. E.; Dai, X.; Cundiff, S. T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Karaiskaj, D.] Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Moody, G.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bracker, A. S.; Gammon, D.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Karaiskaj, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM karaiskaj@cas.usf.edu RI Bristow, Alan/F-9703-2013; Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Moody, Galan/J-5811-2014 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; Moody, Galan/0000-0001-7263-1483 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-890-2 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BUW45 UT WOS:000290513603019 ER PT J AU La-O-Vorakiat, C Mathias, S Grychtol, P Adam, R Siemens, M Shaw, J Nembach, H Aeschlimann, M Schneider, CM Silva, T Murnane, M Kapteyn, H AF La-O-Vorakiat, Chan Mathias, Stefan Grychtol, Patrik Adam, Roman Siemens, Mark Shaw, Justin Nembach, Hans Aeschlimann, Martin Schneider, Claus M. Silva, Thomas Murnane, Margaret Kapteyn, Henry GP IEEE TI Ultrafast, Element-Specific, Demagnetization Dynamics Probed using Coherent High Harmonic Beams SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (QELS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS) CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA ID NICKEL AB High harmonics from a tabletop laser are used to probe ultrafast demagnetization of a compound material (Permalloy) with elemental selectivity. We achieve the highest time resolution, element-specific, measurements to date at 50fs. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [La-O-Vorakiat, Chan; Mathias, Stefan; Siemens, Mark; Murnane, Margaret; Kapteyn, Henry] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Shaw, Justin; Nembach, Hans; Silva, Thomas] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Mathias, Stefan; Aeschlimann, Martin] Univ Kaiserslautern, Res Ctr OPTIMAS, Kaiserslautern, Germany. [Grychtol, Patrik; Adam, Roman; Schneider, Claus M.] Res Ctr Julich, IFF 9, Inst Solid State Res, Julich, Germany. RP La-O-Vorakiat, C (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM chan.la-o-vorakiat@colorado.edu RI Aeschlimann, Martin/D-7141-2011; Shaw, Justin/C-1845-2008; Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011; Schneider, Claus/H-7453-2012; Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013 OI Aeschlimann, Martin/0000-0003-3413-5029; Shaw, Justin/0000-0003-2027-1521; Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317; Schneider, Claus/0000-0002-3920-6255; Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-890-2 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BUW45 UT WOS:000290513603261 ER PT J AU Levine, ZH Chen, J Ling, A Fan, J Migdall, A AF Levine, Z. H. Chen, J. Ling, A. Fan, J. Migdall, A. GP IEEE TI Heralded, pure-state single-photon source based on a KTP waveguide SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (QELS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS) CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA ID FREQUENCY; FIBER; SPACE AB We show that with simple spectral filtering, the Schmidt number for the transmitted photon-pairs (with 90% transmittance) which are produced via type-II parametric down-conversion in a KTP waveguide equals to unity to within 0.2 %. C1 [Levine, Z. H.; Chen, J.; Ling, A.; Fan, J.; Migdall, A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Levine, ZH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8441, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM z.levine@nist.gov; jfan@nist.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-890-2 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BUW45 UT WOS:000290513603003 ER PT J AU Ling, A Pearlman, A Goldschmidt, E Fan, JY Migdall, A AF Ling, Alexander Pearlman, Aaron Goldschmidt, Elizabeth Fan, Jingyun Migdall, Alan GP IEEE TI Enhancing contrast of point images using coherent states and photon-number-resolving detectors SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (QELS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS) CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB We map the transverse profile of light beams using photon-number-resolving detectors, and observe compression of beam profiles for higher detected photon-number, enabling contrast enhancement between two Airy disk beams at the Rayleigh limit. C1 [Ling, Alexander] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Ling, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM alexander.ling@nist.gov RI Pearlman, Aaron/L-8912-2013 OI Pearlman, Aaron/0000-0002-4498-2208 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-890-2 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BUW45 UT WOS:000290513603191 ER PT J AU Mathias, S Ruffing, A Deicke, F Wiesenmayer, M Aeschlimann, M Bauer, M AF Mathias, Stefan Ruffing, Andreas Deicke, Frederik Wiesenmayer, M. Aeschlimann, Martin Bauer, Michael GP IEEE TI Ultrafast electron dynamics in a Pb/Cu(111) quantum-well system SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (QELS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS) CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB Time- and angle-resolved two-photon photoemission has been used to investigate hot-electron lifetimes in Pb/Cu(111). Our findings suggest that the peculiar electronic structure of quantum-well systems can be used to tune ultrafast dynamical properties in metals. (C)2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Mathias, Stefan; Ruffing, Andreas; Deicke, Frederik; Aeschlimann, Martin] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mathias, Stefan; Ruffing, Andreas; Deicke, Frederik; Aeschlimann, Martin] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mathias, Stefan] Univ Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany. [Mathias, Stefan] Res Ctr OPTIMAS, Kaiserslautern, Germany. [Wiesenmayer, M.; Bauer, Michael] Univ Kiel, Inst Expt & Angewandte Phys, Kiel, Germany. RP Mathias, S (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM smathias@jila.colorado.edu RI Aeschlimann, Martin/D-7141-2011; Mathias, Stefan/I-4679-2012 OI Aeschlimann, Martin/0000-0003-3413-5029; NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-890-2 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BUW45 UT WOS:000290513603130 ER PT J AU Miao, HX Srinivasan, K Aksyuk, V AF Miao, Houxun Srinivasan, Kartik Aksyuk, Vladimir GP IEEE TI Integrated MEMS Tunable High Quality Factor Optical Cavity for Optomechanical Transduction SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (QELS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS) CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB We demonstrate a fully integrated optomechanical transducer achieving 580 ppm wavelength tuning of a high quality factor (Q=10(5)-10(6)) waveguide-coupled silicon microdisk by electrostatically actuating a dielectric membrane located in the evanescent field region above it. (C)2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Miao, Houxun; Srinivasan, Kartik; Aksyuk, Vladimir] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Miao, HX (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hmiao@nist.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-890-2 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BUW45 UT WOS:000290513600376 ER PT J AU Moody, G Siemens, ME Bristow, AD Dai, X Bracker, AS Gammon, D Cundiff, ST AF Moody, G. Siemens, M. E. Bristow, A. D. Dai, X. Bracker, A. S. Gammon, D. Cundiff, S. T. GP IEEE TI Temperature-Dependent Coupling of GaAs Quantum Well and Interfacial Quantum Dots Studied with Optical 2D Fourier-Transform Spectroscopy SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (QELS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS) CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB Optical 2D Fourier-transform spectra reveal time and temperature dependent relaxation from GaAs quantum well states into the interfacial quantum dot ensemble. We attribute the increased rate of relaxation at higher temperature to stimulated phonon emission. (C)2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Moody, G.; Siemens, M. E.; Bristow, A. D.; Dai, X.; Cundiff, S. T.] JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Moody, G.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bracker, A. S.; Gammon, D.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Moody, G (reprint author), JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiff@jila.colorado.edu RI Bristow, Alan/F-9703-2013; Moody, Galan/J-5811-2014 OI Moody, Galan/0000-0001-7263-1483 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-890-2 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BUW45 UT WOS:000290513603043 ER PT J AU Muller, A Flagg, EB Metcalfe, M Lawall, J Solomon, GS AF Muller, Andreas Flagg, Edward B. Metcalfe, Michael Lawall, John Solomon, Glenn S. GP IEEE TI Coupling a quantum dot to an open microcavity SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (QELS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS) CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA ID CAVITY AB Single InAs semiconductor quantum dots were coupled to a microcavity consisting of a semiconductor Bragg reflector below the quantum dot layer, and an external micromirror fabricated at the tip of a single mode fiber. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Muller, Andreas; Flagg, Edward B.; Metcalfe, Michael; Solomon, Glenn S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lawall, John; Solomon, Glenn S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Maryland, MA USA. RP Muller, A (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andreas.muller@nist.gov RI Flagg, Edward/G-2897-2013 OI Flagg, Edward/0000-0002-8065-4092 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-890-2 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BUW45 UT WOS:000290513603208 ER PT J AU Perkins, TT King, GM Churnside, AB Carter, AR AF Perkins, Thomas T. King, Gavin M. Churnside, Allison B. Carter, Ashley R. GP IEEE TI Ultrastable Atomic Force Microscopy using Laser-Based, Active Noise Cancelation SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (QELS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS) CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA ID REGISTRATION; STABILITY AB We achieved a 100-fold improvement in tip-sample stability by stabilizing the tip and the sample in 3D using laser light back-scattered off the apex of an AFM tip and a reference mark in the sample. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [King, Gavin M.; Churnside, Allison B.; Carter, Ashley R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Perkins, TT (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM tperkins@jila.colorado.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-890-2 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BUW45 UT WOS:000290513601347 ER PT J AU Polyakov, SV Muller, A Ling, A Flagg, EB Rutter, N Van Keuren, E Migdall, AL Solomon, GS AF Polyakov, S. V. Muller, A. Ling, A. Flagg, E. B. Rutter, N. Van Keuren, E. Migdall, A. L. Solomon, G. S. GP IEEE TI Towards Interfacing Dissimilar Quantum Systems SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (QELS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS) CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB We report on an experimental implementation of an interface between quantum dots (QD) and parametric downconversion (PDC). We present a PDC source compatible with QD emission and our efforts to demonstrate such compatibility. *Contribution of NIST, an agency of the US Government, not subject to copyright C1 [Polyakov, S. V.; Muller, A.; Ling, A.; Flagg, E. B.; Rutter, N.; Migdall, A. L.; Solomon, G. S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rutter, N.; Van Keuren, E.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP Polyakov, SV (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM spoly@nist.gov RI Van Keuren, Edward/E-5581-2010; Flagg, Edward/G-2897-2013 OI Van Keuren, Edward/0000-0001-8348-7587; Flagg, Edward/0000-0002-8065-4092 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-890-2 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BUW45 UT WOS:000290513603154 ER PT J AU Quinlan, F Ycas, G Osterman, S Diddams, SA AF Quinlan, Franklyn Ycas, Gabe Osterman, Steve Diddams, Scott A. GP IEEE TI A 12.5 GHz-Spaced Optical Frequency Comb Spanning > 400 nm for Astronomical Spectrograph Calibration SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (QELS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS) CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB A 12.5 GHz-spaced optical frequency comb spanning 1380 nm to 1820 nm is generated via filtering and nonlinearly broadening a 250 MHz-spaced comb. Sidemode suppression from 1380 nm to 1630 nm has been measured. (C)2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Quinlan, Franklyn; Ycas, Gabe; Diddams, Scott A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Quinlan, F (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM fquinlan@boulder.nist.gov; sdiddams@boulder.nist.gov RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-890-2 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BUW45 UT WOS:000290513600217 ER PT J AU Rakher, MT Bose, R Wong, CW Srinivasan, K AF Rakher, Matthew T. Bose, Ranojoy Wong, Chee Wei Srinivasan, Kartik GP IEEE TI Fiber-based spectroscopy of 1.55 mu m PbS Quantum Dots coupled to Si Microcavities SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (QELS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS) CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB We use a fiber-taper waveguide to measure the transmission, photoluminescence, photo-darkening, and lifetime from a low density of near-infrared PbS quantum dots integrated with silicon photonic crystal cavities, microdisks, and the taper itself. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Rakher, Matthew T.; Srinivasan, Kartik] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bose, Ranojoy; Wong, Chee Wei] Columbia Univ, Ctr Integrated Sci & Engn Solid State Sci & Engn, Opt Nanostruct Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Rakher, MT (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mrakher@nist.gov RI Rakher, Matthew/C-2287-2011; Wong, Chee Wei/E-9169-2017 OI Rakher, Matthew/0000-0002-4490-4197; NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-890-2 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BUW45 UT WOS:000290513600198 ER PT J AU Sridharan, D Waks, E Fourkas, JT Solomon, G AF Sridharan, Deepak Waks, Edo Fourkas, John T. Solomon, Glenn GP IEEE TI Reversible tuning of photonic crystal cavities using photochromic films SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (QELS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS) CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB We demonstrate reversible tuning of photonic-crystal cavity resonance by 2.7nm using a photochromic film of spiropyran. Exposure of spiropyran to ultraviolet light redshifts the cavity resonance that can be reversed by exposure to visible light. (C)2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Sridharan, Deepak; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, IREAP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sridharan, Deepak; Waks, Edo; Solomon, Glenn] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Fourkas, John T.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Nanophys & Adv Mat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Fourkas, John T.] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Solomon, Glenn] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sridharan, D (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, IREAP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-890-2 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BUW45 UT WOS:000290513601121 ER PT J AU Yang, JK Rooks, MJ Boriskina, S Solomon, G Dal Negro, L Cao, H AF Yang, Jin-Kyu Rooks, Michael J. Boriskina, Svetlana Solomon, Glenn Dal Negro, Luca Cao, Hui GP IEEE TI Lasing from Localized Modes in Deterministic Aperiodic Nanostructures SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (QELS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS) CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB We demonstrate lasing in two-dimensional deterministic aperiodic nanostructures with optical pumping. The lasing modes are strongly localized within the structures. Such lasers combine the advantages of both photonic crystal lasers and random lasers. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Yang, Jin-Kyu; Rooks, Michael J.; Cao, Hui] Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Boriskina, Svetlana; Dal Negro, Luca] Boston Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn & Photon Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Solomon, Glenn] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Solomon, Glenn] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yang, JK (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. EM jinkyu.yang@yale.edu RI Boriskina, Svetlana/P-9396-2016 OI Boriskina, Svetlana/0000-0001-6798-8082 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-890-2 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BUW45 UT WOS:000290513603230 ER PT J AU Tang, Y AF Tang, Y. GP IEEE TI AUTOMATION OF DIRECT JOSEPHSON VOLTAGE STANDARD COMPARISON AND AN APPLICATION SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS CPEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE AB A direct Comparison between two Josephson Voltage Standard (JVS) systems has been used in the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) key comparisons or regional supplementary comparisons to verify the performance of a JVS with an uncertainty of few parts in 1010. Most direct JVS comparisons were manually operated. Hardware and protocol for an automatic direct JVS comparison have been developed to improve the efficiency while retaining the same level of uncertainty attained from a manual comparison. The automatic JVS direct comparison greatly improves the efficiency of data acquisition. A case study examining the offset related to digital voltmeter (DVM) polarity in an automatic direct JVS comparison is presented. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tang, Y (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6794-5 PY 2010 BP 4 EP 5 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTO48 UT WOS:000287511200003 ER PT J AU Haddad, D Steiner, R Williams, E Liu, R AF Haddad, D. Steiner, R. Williams, E. Liu, R. GP IEEE TI IN SITU CORRECTION OF ABBE OFFSET ERROR IN THE WATT BALANCE EXPERIMENT SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS CPEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE ID PLANCK CONSTANT AB The paper describes a technique to simultaneously measure the tilt angles of the induction coil used in the watt balance experiment and correct its position from the Abbe offset error. The same three laser interferometers placed on the induction coil to determine the vertical position are also used for angular measures. An optimization algorithm is tested that allow a better estimation and correction of the Abbe offset error. C1 [Haddad, D.; Steiner, R.; Williams, E.; Liu, R.] NIST, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Haddad, D (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, US Dept Commerce, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6794-5 PY 2010 BP 14 EP 15 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTO48 UT WOS:000287511200008 ER PT J AU Filipski, PS Boecker, M Benz, SP Burroughs, CJ AF Filipski, P. S. Boecker, M. Benz, S. P. Burroughs, C. J. GP IEEE TI ESTABLISHING AN AC JOSEPHSON VOLTAGE STANDARD AT NRC SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS CPEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE AB NRC recently established an AC Josephson Voltage Standard (ACJVS) system based on a NIST pulse-driven Josephson-junction array. This paper describes the efforts undertaken at NRC and the experience that was gained. An experimental method of measuring corrections due to the probe leads is described and first results are reported. C1 [Filipski, P. S.; Boecker, M.] Natl Res Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Rd,Bldg M36, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. [Benz, S. P.; Burroughs, C. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Filipski, PS (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Rd,Bldg M36, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6794-5 PY 2010 BP 22 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTO48 UT WOS:000287511200012 ER PT J AU Burroughs, CJ Dresselhaus, PD Rufenacht, A Elsbury, MM Benz, P AF Burroughs, C. J. Dresselhaus, P. D. Ruefenacht, A. Elsbury, M. M. Benz, P. GP IEEE TI DESIGN OF THE NIST 10 V PROGRAMMABLE JOSEPHSON VOLTAGE STANDARD SYSTEM SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS CPEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE ID JUNCTIONS; ERROR AB NIST has developed and implemented a new Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard (PJVS) that operates at 10 V. This next-generation system is optimized for both dc metrology and stepwise-approximated ac voltage measurements for frequencies up to a few hundred hertz. The non-hysteretic Josephson junctions in these 10 V PJVS systems, which produce intrinsically stable voltages, provide a number of advantages and additional features as compared to conventional JVS systems. C1 [Burroughs, C. J.; Dresselhaus, P. D.; Elsbury, M. M.; Benz, P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ruefenacht, A.] Federal Off Metrol METAS, Bern, Switzerland. RP Burroughs, CJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6794-5 PY 2010 BP 24 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTO48 UT WOS:000287511200013 ER PT J AU Steiner, R Haddad, D Liu, R Perl, E AF Steiner, R. Haddad, D. Liu, R. Perl, E. GP IEEE TI UPGRADING THE NIST ELECTRONIC KILOGRAM SYSTEM SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS CPEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE AB The electronic kilogram project at the National Institute of Standards and Technology is upgrading several major subsystems to improve the operational reliability of the watt balance system and lower the uncertainty of results for the Planck constant, h. These include a picosecond time interval analyzer, piezo motor coil tilt control, lock-in AC signal coil transverse-position detection, fiber-optic standard frequency distribution, and a dry vacuum pumping system. C1 [Steiner, R.; Haddad, D.; Liu, R.; Perl, E.] NIST, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Steiner, R (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, US Dept Commerce, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6794-5 PY 2010 BP 32 EP 33 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTO48 UT WOS:000287511200017 ER PT J AU Kohlmann, J Muller, F Kieler, OF Schleussner, D Egeling, B Behr, R Olaya, D Dresselhaus, PD Benz, SP AF Kohlmann, J. Mueller, F. Kieler, O. F. Schleussner, D. Egeling, B. Behr, R. Olaya, D. Dresselhaus, P. D. Benz, S. P. GP IEEE TI DEVELOPMENT AND INVESTIGATION OF INTRINSICALLY SHUNTED JUNCTION SERIES ARRAYS FOR AC JOSEPHSON VOLTAGE STANDARDS SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS CPEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE AB Different types of intrinsically shunted Josephson junctions have been developed and investigated for ac voltage standard applications at PTB. The first type, for generation of voltages up to 10 V, is driven by a 70 GHz sinusoidal microwave signal and consists of 69,632 series-connected junctions, where the number of junctions per segment follows a binary sequence. The second type, which is driven by short current pulses, contains up to 5,000 junctions and enables the synthesis of intrinsically accurate ac waveforms. C1 [Kohlmann, J.; Mueller, F.; Kieler, O. F.; Schleussner, D.; Egeling, B.; Behr, R.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Olaya, D.; Dresselhaus, P. D.; Benz, S. P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Kohlmann, J (reprint author), Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. FU European Community's Seventh Framework Programme; ERA-NET Plus [217257] FX The research within this EURAMET joint research project leading to these results has received in part funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme, ERA-NET Plus, under Grant Agreement No. 217257 (JoSy project). The authors additionally thank Th. Weimann, R. Wendisch, L. Palafox, and P. Duda from PTB and C. J. Burroughs and H. Rogalla from NIST for valuable discussions and technical assistance. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6794-5 PY 2010 BP 56 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTO48 UT WOS:000287511200029 ER PT J AU Qu, JF Benz, SP Pollarolo, A Rogalla, H AF Qu, Jifeng Benz, S. P. Pollarolo, A. Rogalla, H. GP IEEE TI REDUCED NONLINEARITIES IN THE NIST JOHNSON NOISE THERMOMETRY SYSTEM SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS CPEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE AB Improved electronics and synthesized noise waveforms for the NIST quantum-voltage-standard-calibrated Johnson noise thermometer (JNT) have lead to reduced uncertainty in the temperature measurement. Recent measurements show that some of the distortion in the present electronics arises in the differential stage of both the preamplifier and the analog-digital converter (ADC). Distortion from the preamplifier can be reduced by compensating the DC offset of the signal at the inputs to the differential stage. A four-channel system with a new ADC is under construction to achieve the goal of re-determining the Boltzmann constant at a relative uncertainty of 6x10(-6). C1 [Qu, Jifeng] Natl Inst Metrol, Beijing 100013, Peoples R China. [Benz, S. P.; Pollarolo, A.; Rogalla, H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Qu, JF (reprint author), Natl Inst Metrol, Beijing 100013, Peoples R China. EM qujf@nim.ac.cn NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6794-5 PY 2010 BP 74 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTO48 UT WOS:000287511200038 ER PT J AU Lipe, TE Kinard, JR Waltrip, BC Tang, YH AF Lipe, Thomas E. Kinard, Joseph R. Waltrip, Bryan C. Tang, Yi-hua GP IEEE TI LINKING AC QUANTUM SYSTEMS USING A THERMAL CONVERTER SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS CPEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed two types of ac sources that rely on Josephson Junction Arrays to provide quantum-accurate voltage. The pulsed-programmable AC Josephson Voltage Standard (ACJVS) and the Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard (PJVS) used as the basis for the NIST Quantum Watt can both be used to provide quantum-accurate ac signals; however, owing to hardware limitations, the output frequencies available do not overlap. We have used a thermal transfer standard with negligible frequency coefficient to link the two AC quantum standards. We describe the experiment, present the results, and describe plans to use these systems as the basis for ac voltage and current metrology at NIST. C1 [Lipe, Thomas E.; Kinard, Joseph R.; Waltrip, Bryan C.; Tang, Yi-hua] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lipe, TE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6794-5 PY 2010 BP 89 EP 90 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTO48 UT WOS:000287511200047 ER PT J AU Lipe, TE Kinard, JR Scarioni, L AF Lipe, T. E. Kinard, J. R. Scarioni, L. GP IEEE TI DEVELOPMENT OF MJTCS ON FUSED SILICA SUBSTRATES AT NIST SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS CPEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE ID MULTIJUNCTION THERMAL CONVERTERS AB We are developing a new generation of thin-film multijunction thermal converters based on fused silica substrates for ac voltage measurements at frequencies up to 100 MHz and for ac current measurements at frequencies up to 1 MHz. Fused silica has been selected over the previous crystalline quartz material because it is significantly more robust that crystalline quartz, yet retains excellent dielectric properties. We report on the design and fabrication of the new fused silica chips, including a novel method for forming thin membranes, and present results for two designs as both ac voltage and current converters. C1 [Lipe, T. E.; Kinard, J. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Scarioni, L.] Univ Carabobo, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, Dept Fis, Valencia, Carabobo, Venezuela. RP Lipe, TE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU CCG; NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology FX This work was funded in part by CCG Project 546.Research performed in part at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6794-5 PY 2010 BP 95 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTO48 UT WOS:000287511200050 ER PT J AU Steiner, R Haddad, D Liu, R Williams, E Davidson, S AF Steiner, R. Haddad, D. Liu, R. Williams, E. Davidson, S. GP IEEE TI MEASUREMENT OF MASS SCALING AND ALTERNATE MATERIALS ON THE NIST ELECTRONIC KILOGRAM SYSTEM SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS CPEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE AB A blind test was conducted with mass references of a 0.5 kg silicon and 1 kg each of steel and gold-plated copper, calibrated in vacuum at the NPL and measured with the watt balance at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The results were analyzed against a 1 kg PtIr mass calibrated at NIST. The results showed good and consistent agreement between the Si, steel, and PtIr masses. The Au-plated Cu mass was stable while being measured but may have shifted during the transfer. C1 [Steiner, R.; Haddad, D.; Liu, R.; Williams, E.; Davidson, S.] NIST, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Steiner, R (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, US Dept Commerce, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6794-5 PY 2010 BP 103 EP 104 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTO48 UT WOS:000287511200054 ER PT J AU Durand, M Lawall, J Wang, Y AF Durand, M. Lawall, J. Wang, Y. GP IEEE TI Fabry-Perot Displacement Interferometry for Next-Generation Calculable Capacitor SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS CPEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE AB We describe a Fabry-Perot interferometer system designed to measure the variable spacing between two electrodes in the new NIST calculable capacitor. Using narrow-linewidth telecom lasers, we span a frequency interval of 18 GHz, and achieve a fractional uncertainty of delta v/Delta v similar to 1.7 x 10(-8) without an optical frequency standard. In the near future we will introduce a rubidium optical standard and frequency comb to make the displacement uncertainty a negligible component of the total target uncertainty of 0.1 zF for capacitance measurements. C1 [Durand, M.; Lawall, J.; Wang, Y.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Durand, M (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6794-5 PY 2010 BP 111 EP 112 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTO48 UT WOS:000287511200058 ER PT J AU Massa, E Mana, G Kessler, EG AF Massa, E. Mana, G. Kessler, E. G. GP IEEE TI ADVANCES IN THE MEASUREMENT OF THE Si-28 LATTICE PARAMETER SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS CPEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE AB This paper reports about the results of lattice parameter measurements aimed at determining the Avogadro constant by counting the atoms in enriched Si-28 spheres. C1 [Massa, E.; Mana, G.] INRIM, Str Cacce 91, I-10135 Turin, Italy. [Kessler, E. G.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Massa, E (reprint author), INRIM, Str Cacce 91, I-10135 Turin, Italy. OI Mana, Giovanni/0000-0002-4109-7254 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6794-5 PY 2010 BP 133 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTO48 UT WOS:000287511200069 ER PT J AU Dresselhaus, PD Elsbury, MM Burroughs, CJ Benz, SP AF Dresselhaus, P. D. Elsbury, M. M. Burroughs, C. J. Benz, S. P. GP IEEE TI MICROWAVE OPTIMIZATION OF 10 V PJVS CIRCUITS SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS CPEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE AB Proper operation of programmable Josephson voltage standard arrays depends on the uniform distribution of microwaves to a large number of Josephson junctions. Too much or too little microwave power will change the current range of a junction's constant voltage step so that an entire array of junctions will have a smaller total current margin. In this paper we discuss the important aspects of microwave power distribution including splitting the microwaves to different arrays, keeping the microwave bias uniform within an array, and minimizing the total input power to the circuit. C1 [Dresselhaus, P. D.; Elsbury, M. M.; Burroughs, C. J.; Benz, S. P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Dresselhaus, PD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6794-5 PY 2010 BP 161 EP 162 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTO48 UT WOS:000287511200083 ER PT J AU Tang, Y Solve, S Witt, TJ AF Tang, Y. Solve, S. Witt, T. J. GP IEEE TI IMPACT OF 1/f NOISE OF DVM ON JOSEPHSON VOLTAGE STANDARD COMPARISON SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS CPEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE AB In most key and regional comparisons of Josephson voltage standards (JVS) the Type A uncertainty is assumed to be the standard deviation of the mean of the measurand calculated as if repeated measurement values were uncorrelated. In a recent JVS key comparison (BIPM.EM-K10.b) between the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), an alternative protocol was used by the NIST to enable automatic data acquisition over 14 hours. After correcting the data for residual dependence on barometric pressure, the 218 individual results are sufficient to numerically characterize autocorrelation effects. The analysis shows that the Type A uncertainty is limited by 1/f noise in the DVM used as the null detector. C1 [Tang, Y.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Solve, S.; Witt, T. J.] Bur Int Poids & Mesures, F-92312 Sevres, France. RP Tang, Y (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6794-5 PY 2010 BP 175 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTO48 UT WOS:000287511200090 ER PT J AU Landim, RP Tang, Y Afonso, E Ferreira, V AF Landim, R. P. Tang, Y. Afonso, E. Ferreira, V. GP IEEE TI A 10 V JOSEPHSON VOLTAGE STANDARD COMPARISON BETWEEN NIST AND INMETRO AS A LINK TO BIPM SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS CPEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE AB This paper describes a 10 V Josephson Voltage Standard (JVS) direct comparison between the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Normalizacao e Qualidade Industrial (Inmetro) using automatic data acquisition. The results were in agreement to within 1.1 nV and the mean difference between the two JVSs at 10 V is 0.54 nV with a pooled combined standard uncertainty of 1.48 nV. Considering a recent JVS comparison between NIST and the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) [1], the difference between Inmetro and the BIPM thus was found to be -0.26 nV with a standard uncertainty of 1.76 nV. C1 [Landim, R. P.; Afonso, E.; Ferreira, V.] Inst Nacl Metrol Normalizacao & Qualidade Ind, BR-25250020 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Tang, Y.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. RP Landim, RP (reprint author), Inst Nacl Metrol Normalizacao & Qualidade Ind, BR-25250020 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6794-5 PY 2010 BP 189 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTO48 UT WOS:000287511200097 ER PT J AU Baker-Jarvis, J Janezic, MD Riddle, B Kim, S AF Baker-Jarvis, James Janezic, Michael D. Riddle, Bill Kim, Sung GP IEEE TI Behavior of epsilon '(omega) and tan delta for a Class of Low-Loss Materials SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS CPEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE AB We report a study on the relaxation behavior of the real part of the permittivity. We also discuss the loss tangent of a class of materials in the microwave to millimeter band of frequencies. For relaxation response we show that the permittivity is a monotonic decreasing function of frequency. Also, for many low-loss ceramics, glasses, crystals, and solid polymers we found that the loss tangent increases nearly linearly with frequency. This linearity is explained in terms of the pulse-response function and the Sparks-King-Mills model. We show that the linearity may be used to extrapolate the loss tangent beyond the measurement band. C1 [Baker-Jarvis, James; Janezic, Michael D.; Riddle, Bill; Kim, Sung] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Baker-Jarvis, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6794-5 PY 2010 BP 289 EP 290 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTO48 UT WOS:000287511200147 ER PT J AU Avramov-Zamurovic, S Dagalakis, NG Lee, RD Kim, YS Yoo, JM Yang, SH AF Avramov-Zamurovic, Svetlana Dagalakis, Nicholas G. Lee, Rae Duk Kim, Yong Sik Yoo, Jae Myung Yang, Seung Ho GP IEEE TI Embedded Capacitive Displacement Sensor for Nanopositioning Applications SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS CPEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE AB The scale of nano objects requires very precise position determination. The state-of-the-art manipulators involve accurate nanometer positioning. This paper presents the design of a capacitive displacement sensor for a nanopositioning application. The challenges of designing a capacitor sensitive to nanometer movements that fits in the area of a few hundred square micrometers are described. Analysis of several different designs was carried out using commercial simulation software. Results suggest a sensing resolution of 10 nm displacement. A sensor prototype was fabricated and tested. C1 [Avramov-Zamurovic, Svetlana] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Dagalakis, Nicholas G.; Lee, Rae Duk; Kim, Yong Sik; Yoo, Jae Myung; Yang, Seung Ho] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Avramov-Zamurovic, S (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM avramov@usna.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6794-5 PY 2010 BP 316 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTO48 UT WOS:000287511200161 ER PT J AU Pasquale, M Bertotti, G Olivetti, E Coisson, M Celegato, F Kuepferling, M Endo, Y Mitsuzuka, Y Yamaguchi, M Serrano-Guisan, S Schumacher, HW Kabos, P AF Pasquale, M. Bertotti, G. Olivetti, E. Coisson, M. Celegato, F. Kuepferling, M. Endo, Y. Mitsuzuka, Y. Yamaguchi, M. Serrano-Guisan, S. Schumacher, H. W. Kabos, P. GP IEEE TI COMPARISON OF FERROMAGNETIC RESONANCE AND DAMPING IN PERMALLOY FILMS USING TIME AND FREQUENCY DOMAIN TECHNIQUES SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS CPEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE AB This paper describes the results of a comparison between measurements of FMR frequency and the Gilbert damping constant alpha made using time and frequency domain experimental techniques. The measurements were performed on reference samples circulated among different laboratories within the frame of an ongoing European and transnational research projects. C1 [Pasquale, M.; Bertotti, G.; Olivetti, E.; Coisson, M.; Celegato, F.; Kuepferling, M.] INRiM, Turin, Italy. [Endo, Y.; Mitsuzuka, Y.; Yamaguchi, M.] Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. [Serrano-Guisan, S.; Schumacher, H. W.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany. [Kabos, P.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. RP Pasquale, M (reprint author), INRiM, Turin, Italy. RI Schumacher, Hans /C-7403-2009; Pasquale, Massimo/I-8390-2012 OI Pasquale, Massimo/0000-0002-8336-1391 FU FP7 EU FX This work was partially funded by the FP7 EU Eranet EMRP+ Project Nanospin www.nanospin.eu and the Italy-Japan Cooperation on science and technology program 2008 2009 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6794-5 PY 2010 BP 333 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTO48 UT WOS:000287511200170 ER PT J AU Booth, JC Orloff, ND Lu, XL Wang, Y Rocas, E Mateu, J Collado, C Janezic, M AF Booth, J. C. Orloff, N. D. Lu, X. L. Wang, Y. Rocas, E. Mateu, J. Collado, C. Janezic, M. GP IEEE TI QUANTITATIVE PERMITTIVITY MEASUREMENTS OF NANOLITER FLUID VOLUMES FROM 50 MHZ TO 40 GHZ WITH MICROFLUIDIC CHANNELS SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS CPEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE AB This paper describes the development of coplanar waveguide measurement structures integrated with microfluidic channels in order to rapidly determine the broadband dielectric properties of nanoliter volumes of fluids, fluid mixtures, and colloids over the range of frequencies from 50 MHz to 40 GHz. A number of different integrated microfluidic-microelectronic structures are employed in order to quantitatively determine the complex permittivity function over this wide range of frequencies. Transmission line network models are developed that use experimentally derived parameters to de-embed the response of the fluid-loaded devices, and finite-element models relate the fluid complex permittivity to the transmission line circuit parameters. C1 [Booth, J. C.; Orloff, N. D.; Lu, X. L.; Wang, Y.; Rocas, E.; Mateu, J.; Collado, C.; Janezic, M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. RP Booth, JC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. RI Lu, Xiaoli/C-1297-2011; collado, carlos/B-1651-2010; mateu, jordi/H-7285-2015 OI Lu, Xiaoli/0000-0003-3689-5996; collado, carlos/0000-0002-8869-2739; mateu, jordi/0000-0001-9833-9966 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6794-5 PY 2010 BP 353 EP 354 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTO48 UT WOS:000287511200180 ER PT J AU MacReynolds, K Francis, MH Tamura, D AF MacReynolds, K. Francis, M. H. Tamura, D. GP IEEE TI COMPARISON OF NEAR-FIELD METHODS AT NIST SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS CPEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE AB A comparison of the planar, spherical and cylindrical near-field techniques was completed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for a Ku-band cassegrain reflector antenna. This paper discusses the measurement results for the near-to-far field measurements. C1 [MacReynolds, K.; Francis, M. H.; Tamura, D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP MacReynolds, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6794-5 PY 2010 BP 363 EP 364 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTO48 UT WOS:000287511200186 ER PT J AU Kang, J Kang, N Gentle, D MacReynolds, K Francis, M AF Kang, J. Kang, N. Gentle, D. MacReynolds, K. Francis, M. GP IEEE TI INTERCOMPARISON OF W-BAND STANDARD GAIN HORN ANTENNAS SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS CPEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE AB An intercomparison of power gain for W-band (75 GHz to 110 GHz) standard horn antennas has been performed among KRISS, NPL and NIST. This paper describes the comparison and its measurement results. C1 [Kang, J.; Kang, N.] Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Ctr Electromagnet, 209 Gajeong Ro, Taejon 305340, South Korea. [Gentle, D.] Natl Phys Lab, Electromagnet Grp, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [MacReynolds, K.; Francis, M.] NIST, RF Fields Grp, Boulder 80305, CO USA. RP Kang, J (reprint author), Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Ctr Electromagnet, 209 Gajeong Ro, Taejon 305340, South Korea. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6794-5 PY 2010 BP 367 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTO48 UT WOS:000287511200188 ER PT J AU Francis, MH AF Francis, Michael H. GP IEEE TI Estimating Measurement Uncertainties SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS CPEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Francis, MH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6794-5 PY 2010 BP 369 EP 369 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTO48 UT WOS:000287511200189 ER PT J AU Pratt, JR Brandenburg, N Stoup, JR Lee, R Wang, YC AF Pratt, Jon R. Brandenburg, Nolan Stoup, John R. Lee, Raeduk Wang, Yicheng GP IEEE TI Fabrication and Measurement of Electrode Components for the National Institute of Standards and Technology Calculable Capacitor SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS CPEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE AB The current effort to manufacture a new calculable capacitor at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is summarized with a focus on issues associated with the fabrication and measurement of the geometric properties of the main electrodes. Results presented here for a diamond turned aluminum prototype electrode show a useable profile that deviates from straight by less than 25 nm as measured using the NIST M48 coordinate measuring machine. C1 [Pratt, Jon R.; Brandenburg, Nolan; Stoup, John R.; Lee, Raeduk; Wang, Yicheng] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pratt, JR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6794-5 PY 2010 BP 410 EP 411 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTO48 UT WOS:000287511200210 ER PT J AU Pollarolo, A Qu, J Rogalla, H Dresselhaus, PD Benz, SP AF Pollarolo, A. Qu, Jifeng Rogalla, H. Dresselhaus, P. D. Benz, S. P. GP IEEE TI Development of a Four-channel System for Johnson Noise Thermometry SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS CPEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE ID CALIBRATION AB Long integration time is necessary to reach low uncertainty when measuring temperature through Johnson Noise Thermometry (JNT). The main goal of the NIST JNT experiment is to achieve a 6 x 10(-6) relative uncertainty in the measurement of the water triple point, which could contribute to the re-determination of Boltzmann's constant. A four-channel JNT system, which will reduce the measurement time two-fold, is being developed with new components, including a switchboard, an analog to digital converter (ADC) and a programmable, recharging power supply system. While implementing the new ADC, a source of systematic error was revealed, as well as a means to increase the measurement bandwidth. C1 [Pollarolo, A.; Qu, Jifeng; Rogalla, H.; Dresselhaus, P. D.; Benz, S. P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Pollarolo, A (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6794-5 PY 2010 BP 490 EP 491 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTO48 UT WOS:000287511200250 ER PT J AU Lim, SH Wallis, TM Imtiaz, A Gu, DZ Krivosik, P Kabos, P AF Lim, Sang-Hyun Wallis, T. Mitch Imtiaz, Atif Gu, Dazhen Krivosik, Pavol Kabos, Pavel GP IEEE TI METROLOGY OF MICROSTRUCTURED WAVEGUIDES FOR SPINTRONIC APPLICATIONS SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS CPEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE AB Patterned permalloy films embedded in a coplanar waveguide (CPW) were fabricated, and the magnetization dynamics of such structures were investigated. Anisotropic magneto-resistance (AMR) effect was utilized as the detection mechanism to study the dynamics of such device structures. The introduced approach is suitable for investigation of magnetization dynamics in small magnetic devices and other candidate systems for spintronic applications. C1 [Lim, Sang-Hyun; Wallis, T. Mitch; Imtiaz, Atif; Gu, Dazhen; Kabos, Pavel] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Krivosik, Pavol] Univ Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA. RP Lim, SH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Gu, Dazhen/B-4854-2012 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6794-5 PY 2010 BP 524 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTO48 UT WOS:000287511200267 ER PT J AU Wollman, DA FitzPatrick, GJ Boynton, PA Nelson, TL AF Wollman, D. A. FitzPatrick, G. J. Boynton, P. A. Nelson, T. L. GP IEEE TI NIST COORDINATION OF SMART GRID INTEROPERABILITY STANDARDS SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS CPEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology has efforts underway to accelerate the development of interoperability standards to support the future modernized "Smart Grid" electric grid or energy delivery network characterized by a two-way flow of electricity and information, capable of monitoring and responding to changes in everything from power plants to customer preferences to individual appliances. Through a high-visibility, rapid, and open process that brought together the Smart Grid community, including utilities, equipment suppliers, government and consumers of electricity, NIST has developed and published its Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards, Release 1.0 [1], to create the basis for prioritizing, coordinating and accelerating the development of standards in private-sector standards setting organizations, including international standards development organizations such as the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and the IEEE. C1 [Wollman, D. A.; FitzPatrick, G. J.; Boynton, P. A.; Nelson, T. L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wollman, DA (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6794-5 PY 2010 BP 531 EP 532 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTO48 UT WOS:000287511200271 ER PT J AU Cui, XH Crowley, TP AF Cui, Xiaohai Crowley, T. P. GP IEEE TI COMPARISON OF EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES FOR EVALUATING THE CORRECTION FACTOR OF A RECTANGULAR WAVEGUIDE MICROCALORIMETER SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS CPEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE AB We have evaluated the correction factor of a WR-15 (50 to 75 GHz) rectangular waveguide microcalorimeter with four different techniques. The four methods are in agreement. Our initial uncertainty analysis indicates that the technique with the lowest uncertainty is one that utilized two identical microcalorimeter core sections whose reference planes were connected to each other. This initial uncertainty is smaller than expected, which will require us to re-evaluate uncertainty contributions that were neglected. C1 [Cui, Xiaohai; Crowley, T. P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Cui, XH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6794-5 PY 2010 BP 551 EP 552 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTO48 UT WOS:000287511200281 ER PT J AU Randa, J AF Randa, James GP IEEE TI SIMULATOR FOR AMPLIFIER AND TRANSISTOR NOISE-PARAMETER MEASUREMENTS SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS CPEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE AB This paper describes a simulation program that was developed to compare the uncertainties that would be expected with different measurement strategies for the noise parameters of connectorized amplifiers and of amplifiers or transistors on wafers. Both type A and type B uncertainties are included. An illustrative example is given. C1 NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Randa, J (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, NIST-818-01, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6794-5 PY 2010 BP 555 EP 556 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTO48 UT WOS:000287511200283 ER PT J AU Jarrett, DG Dupree, AJ AF Jarrett, D. G. Dupree, A. J. GP IEEE TI NEXT GENERATION GUARDED HAMON TRANSFER STANDARDS FOR HIGH RESISTANCE SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS CPEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE AB Guarded Hamon transfer standards have been used at NIST for decades for scaling to high resistance levels. A recent project has been undertaken to apply improved designs in guarded Hamon transfer standards to the 1 M to 100 M ranges with the larger goal of applying these experimental guarding and construction techniques to guarded Hamon transfer standards in the 100 G to 100 T ranges in the future. A guarded backbone structure, elimination of charge-storing materials in the connections, and the hermetic sealing of all the elements in one canister are the key features of this new design of transfer standards. C1 [Jarrett, D. G.; Dupree, A. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jarrett, DG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6794-5 PY 2010 BP 571 EP 572 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTO48 UT WOS:000287511200291 ER PT J AU Ginley, R Williams, D LeGolvan, D AF Ginley, R. Williams, D. LeGolvan, D. GP IEEE TI A NEW ELECTRONIC VERIFICATION METHOD FOR VECTOR NETWORK ANALYZERS SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS CPEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has recently introduced a new method for the verification of Vector Network Analyzers (VNAs). The technique is based on the new electronic calibration units that are available from several manufacturers. Using data obtained from different states of the electronic calibration unit, the user can compare their measurements against those of NIST with NIST's uncertainty identified. Additionally, the users can compare the calibration based on their data against NIST's calibration based on the same electronic calibration unit. The resultant is a single figure of merit that characterizes the accuracy of the entire measurement process. In this paper we will describe the new technique and results from trial runs that have been conducted. C1 [Ginley, R.; Williams, D.; LeGolvan, D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Ginley, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6794-5 PY 2010 BP 587 EP 588 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTO48 UT WOS:000287511200299 ER PT J AU Dupree, AJ Jarrett, DG AF Dupree, A. J. Jarrett, D. G. GP IEEE TI NEW DESIGNS FOR HIGH-RESISTANCE STANDARD RESISTORS SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS CPEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE AB Discussed are recent efforts undertaken at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to create a new set of high-resistance standards (specifically in the 10 M Omega to 100 M Omega range) using newer, more stable film-type resistors. The history of film-type resistors in high-resistance standards is briefly reviewed. Also examined are the improvements made upon similar resistance standard implementations done by the Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Industrial (INTI) in Argentina. The new NIST standards use a guarded, highly resistive backbone to reduce leakage currents. Promising results, including reduced settling time and improved stability, are presented. C1 [Dupree, A. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dupree, AJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6794-5 PY 2010 BP 613 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTO48 UT WOS:000287511200312 ER PT J AU Crowley, TP Riddle, BF AF Crowley, T. P. Riddle, B. F. GP IEEE TI ERROR IN CALORIMETRIC EFFECTIVE EFFICIENCY MEASUREMENTS DUE TO DC LOSSES SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS CPEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE AB DC losses in the four-wire leads or connector of a microwave power transfer standard can result in incorrect effective efficiency measurements as measured by a calorimeter. Symptoms of the error and a method for setting an upper limit of its magnitude are described. C1 [Crowley, T. P.; Riddle, B. F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Crowley, TP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6794-5 PY 2010 BP 694 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTO48 UT WOS:000287511200352 ER PT J AU Yoon, HW Eppeldauer, GP Jarrett, DG Larason, TC Kim, WS AF Yoon, Howard W. Eppeldauer, George P. Jarrett, Dean G. Larason, Thomas C. Kim, Wan-Seop GP IEEE TI Calibrations of current-to-voltage transimpedance amplifiers using electrical standards SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS CPEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE AB For photocurrent measurements with low uncertainties, a wide-dynamic range current-to-voltage converter traceable to resistance standards has been developed at the NIST. The design and calibration of the converter standard are described. For validation, the converter standard was compared to the low-current scale of KRISS. C1 [Yoon, Howard W.; Eppeldauer, George P.; Jarrett, Dean G.; Larason, Thomas C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kim, Wan-Seop] Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Daejeon, South Korea. RP Yoon, HW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6794-5 PY 2010 BP 753 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTO48 UT WOS:000287511200380 ER PT S AU Souryal, M Gentile, C Griffith, D Cypher, D Golmie, N AF Souryal, Michael Gentile, Camillo Griffith, David Cypher, David Golmie, Nada GP IEEE TI A Methodology to Evaluate Wireless Technologies for the Smart Grid SO 2010 IEEE 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SMART GRID COMMUNICATIONS (SMARTGRIDCOMM) SE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm) CY OCT 04-06, 2010 CL Natl Inst Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, IEEE SmartGrid, Consumer Elect Soc, CSS, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, Sensor Council, IEEE Informat Theory Soc, APS, NTC, IEEE Power & Energy Soc, Reliabil Soc, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE USA, IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc HO Natl Inst Sci & Technol ID IEEE-802.11 AB This paper presents a methodology for assessing the suitability of various wireless technologies for meeting the communication requirements of Smart Grid applications. It describes an approach for translating application requirements to link traffic characteristics, determining the transmission range or coverage area of a wireless technology, and modeling the link layer to obtain performance measures such as message reliability, delay, and throughput. To illustrate the use of this approach, we analyze the performance of three representative application use cases over an IEEE 802.11 link. C1 [Souryal, Michael; Gentile, Camillo; Griffith, David; Cypher, David; Golmie, Nada] NIST, Emerging & Mobile Network Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Souryal, M (reprint author), NIST, Emerging & Mobile Network Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM michael.souryal@nist.gov; camillo.gentile@nist.gov; david.griffith@nist.gov; david.cypher@nist.gov; nada.golmie@nist.gov NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2373-6836 BN 978-1-4244-6512-5 J9 INT CONF SMART GRID PY 2010 BP 356 EP 361 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJT41 UT WOS:000330185100061 ER PT S AU Liu, YX Goldberg, AJ Elliott, JT Plant, AL Kuhn, LT AF Liu, Yongxing Goldberg, A. Jon Elliott, John T. Plant, Anne L. Kuhn, Liisa T. GP IEEE TI Osteogenic Differentiation of hESCs After Culturing on Fibrillar Type I Collagen Coatings SO 2010 IEEE 36TH ANNUAL NORTHEAST BIOENGINEERING CONFERENCE SE Annual IEEE Northeast Bioengineering Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE 36th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference CY MAR 26-28, 2010 CL Columbia Univ, New York, NY SP IEEE HO Columbia Univ ID EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS AB This paper reports a new method to induce osteogenic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Singly dissociated hESCs treated with ROCK inhibitor Y27632 were plated on type I fibrillar collagen (FC) coatings and achieved a high rate of survival. After culturing in osteogenic medium for 10 d, several cell colonies developed on the coatings. Cells forming the colonies showed homogenous, fibroblastic-like morphology. Subcultures of these cells on FC coatings in osteogenic medium developed an osteoblastic phenotype evidenced by strong staining for deposited minerals and expression of the ostoblastic related genes Runx2 and Col1a1. However, gene expression of osteocalcin (OC) was not detected, implying that while mineral deposition was mediated by the cells they did not mature during the culture period. FACS analysis showed the surface markers were 82.9% CD73(+), 81.0% CD105(+) and 99.8% CD45(-), consistent with the pattern of MSCs'. Additionally, in subsequent second subcultures these cells displayed a 5-fold increase in OC gene expression. We conclude that FC either exerted a unique cell-matrix interaction which promoted osteogenic differentiation or it selectively supported the survival and growth of cells committed to the osteoblastic lineage. Further characterization of the cells and the cell-collagen coating interactions are in progress. C1 [Liu, Yongxing; Goldberg, A. Jon; Kuhn, Liisa T.] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Farmington, CT USA. [Elliott, John T.] NIST, Biochem Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Plant, Anne L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Liu, YX (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Farmington, CT USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0277-1063 BN 978-1-4244-6924-6 J9 NORTHEAST BIOENGIN C PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA BTO96 UT WOS:000287664400116 ER PT S AU Kuester, EF Holloway, CL Mohamed, MA AF Kuester, Edward F. Holloway, Christopher L. Mohamed, Mohamed A. GP IEEE TI A Generalized Sheet Transition Condition Model for a Metafilm Partially Embedded in an Interface SO 2010 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Symposium Antennas and Propagation/CNC-USNC/URSI Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 11-17, 2010 CL Toronto, CANADA SP IEEE, URSI C1 [Kuester, Edward F.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Holloway, Christopher L.] Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Mohamed, Mohamed A.] Univ Ottawa, SITE, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. RP Kuester, EF (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Edward.Kuester@colorado.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-4968-2 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2010 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTL34 UT WOS:000287212401085 ER PT S AU Marx, E AF Marx, Egon GP IEEE TI Electromagnetic Scattering by a Finite Strip on a Substrate SO 2010 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Symposium Antennas and Propagation/CNC-USNC/URSI Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 11-17, 2010 CL Toronto, CANADA SP IEEE, URSI C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Marx, E (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-4968-2 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2010 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTL34 UT WOS:000287212403194 ER PT S AU Young, WF Holloway, CL Koepke, G Fielitz, H Matolak, DW AF Young, William F. Holloway, Christopher L. Koepke, Galen Fielitz, Helge Matolak, David W. GP IEEE TI Measurements of the Wireless Ad Hoc Array Concept in a Large Building Setting for Public-Safety Communications SO 2010 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Symposium Antennas and Propagation/CNC-USNC/URSI Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 11-17, 2010 CL Toronto, CANADA SP IEEE, URSI ID TRANSMITTERS; VOLUME AB Here we report on measurements of the ad hoc array concept in an enclosed atrium/lobby area of a high-rise building in Denver, Colorado. A typical ad hoc network is limited to coverage area achieved by the useable coverage of single nodes; however, we seek to expand the radio frequency coverage by using two or more nodes as elements of an ad hoc array. Previous simulations and theoretical analysis suggest the benefits of the array concept; these measurements in a real-world environment demonstrate that the ad hoc array can provide meaningful gain, up to 10 dB with only four elements. The measurements also indicate a gain of 4 dB to 6 dB using only two elements. C1 [Young, William F.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Holloway, Christopher L.; Koepke, Galen; Fielitz, Helge] Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Matolak, David W.] Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. RP Young, WF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-4968-2 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2010 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTL34 UT WOS:000287212404039 ER PT J AU Marbukh, V Sayrafian-Pour, K Mahboubi, H Momeni, A Aghdam, AG AF Marbukh, Vladimir Sayrafian-Pour, Kamran Mahboubi, Hamid Momeni, Ahmadreza Aghdam, Amir G. GP IEEE TI Towards Evolutionary-Pricing Framework for Mobile Sensor Network Self-organization SO 2010 IEEE CONGRESS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION (CEC) SE IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence CY JUL 18-23, 2010 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE, IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc, Int Neural Network Soc, Evolut Program Soc, IET DE mobile sensor network; socially optimal sensor fitness; pricing ID OPTIMIZATION AB This paper reports on work in progress on developing a unified co-evolutionary/pricing framework for Mobile Sensor Networks (MSN) self-organization. MSN self-organization involves cooperative sensor positioning and formation of a multi-hop Mobile Ad-hoc NETwork (MANET) enabling sensor information acquisition and communication while prolonging MSN life-span. A number of inherent MSN traits such as lack of centralized control and variety of performance criteria suggest framing MSN self-organization as a sensor co-evolutionary optimization. The first issue to be addressed is aligning individual sensor utility/fitness landscapes with the overall MSN goals as "selfish" sensor behavior may result in suboptimal overall MSN performance. The paper proposes using "socially optimal pricing" to internalize the effect of each sensor relocation on the overall MSN performance. It is assumed that intermediate nodes in the MSN relay sensor information to a single fusion point without processing. The proposed framework is illustrated for the special case of a MSN tracking a single target. C1 [Marbukh, Vladimir; Sayrafian-Pour, Kamran] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mahboubi, Hamid; Momeni, Ahmadreza; Aghdam, Amir G.] Concordia Univ, Montreal, PQ H3G1M8, Canada. RP Marbukh, V (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marbukh@nist.gov; ksayrafian@nist.gov; h_mahbo@ece.concordia.ca; a_momeni@ece.concordia.ca; aghdam@ece.concordia.ca NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-8126-2 J9 IEEE C EVOL COMPUTAT PY 2010 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BTM91 UT WOS:000287375802017 ER PT S AU Kim, MS Lee, S Cypher, D Golmie, N AF Kim, Mun-Suk Lee, SuKyoung Cypher, David Golmie, Nada GP IEEE TI Fast Handover Latency Analysis in Proxy Mobile IPv6 SO 2010 IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE GLOBECOM 2010 SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 2010) CY DEC 06-10, 2010 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE DE PMIPv6; Fast handover; Latency analysis AB In Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6), any involvement by the Mobile Node (MN) is not required so that any tunneling overhead could be removed from over-the-air. However, during the PMIPv6 handover process, there still exists a service interruption period during which the MN is unable to send or receive data packets because of PMIPv6 protocol operations. To reduce the handover latency, Fast Handover for PMIPv6 (PFMIPv6) is being standardized in the IETF MIPSHOP working group. In PFMIPv6, however, handover initiation can be false, resulting in the PFMIPv6 handover process done so far becoming unnecessary. Therefore, in this paper, we provide a thorough analysis of the handover latency in PFMIPv6, considering the false handover initiation case. The analysis is very meaningful to obtain important insights on how PFMIPv6 improves the handover latency. Further, our analytical study is verified by simulation results. C1 [Kim, Mun-Suk; Lee, SuKyoung] Yonsei Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Cypher, David; Golmie, Nada] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Emerging & Mobile Network Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Kim, MS (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM sklee@cs.yonsei.ac.kr FU Industrial Strategic Technology Development Program [KI002116]; Ministry of Knowledge Economy, Korea FX This work was supported by the Industrial Strategic Technology Development Program, KI002116, Development of user-centric terminal-controlled seamless mobility technology funded by the Ministry of Knowledge Economy, Korea. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 978-1-4244-5638-3 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2010 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTS42 UT WOS:000287977405082 ER PT S AU Mahboubi, H Moezzi, K Aghdam, AG Sayrafian-Pour, K Marbukh, V AF Mahboubi, Hamid Moezzi, Kaveh Aghdam, Amir G. Sayrafian-Pour, Kamran Marbukh, Vladimir GP IEEE TI Self-Deployment Algorithms for Coverage Problem in a Network of Mobile Sensors with Unidentical Sensing Ranges SO 2010 IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE GLOBECOM 2010 SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 2010) CY DEC 06-10, 2010 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE ID PROTOCOLS AB In this paper, efficient sensor deployment algorithms are proposed to improve the coverage area in the target field. The proposed algorithms calculate the position of the sensors iteratively, based on the existing coverage holes in the target field. The multiplicatively weighted Voronoi (MW-Voronoi) diagram is used to discover the coverage holes corresponding to different sensors with different sensing ranges. Under the proposed procedures, the sensors move in such a way that the coverage holes in the target field are reduced. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the deployment schemes proposed in this paper. C1 [Mahboubi, Hamid; Moezzi, Kaveh; Aghdam, Amir G.] Concordia Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1455 Maisonneuve Blvd W,EV005-139, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada. [Sayrafian-Pour, Kamran; Marbukh, Vladimir] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mahboubi, H (reprint author), Concordia Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1455 Maisonneuve Blvd W,EV005-139, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada. EM h_mahbo@ece.concordia.ca; k_moezz@ece.concordia.ca; aghdam@ece.concordia.ca; ksayrafian@nist.gov; marbukh@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) [70NANB8H8146] FX This work has been supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), under grant 70NANB8H8146. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 978-1-4244-5638-3 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2010 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTS42 UT WOS:000287977400127 ER PT S AU Souryal, MR Valoit, F Guo, H Moayeri, N Damiano, NW Snyder, DP AF Souryal, Michael R. Valoit, Fabien Guo, Hui Moayeri, Nader Damiano, Nicholas W. Snyder, David P. GP IEEE TI Simulation of a Medium Frequency Mesh Network for Communications in Underground Mines SO 2010 IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING SE IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the IEEE Industry-Applications-Society CY OCT 03-07, 2010 CL Houston, TX SP IEEE Ind Applicat Soc, IEEE AB Signals at the lower end of the medium frequency range (300 kHz to 3 MHz) propagate with relatively low attenuation along existing metallic infrastructure in an underground mine, such as cables, pipes and rails. Exploiting this capability, low-bandwidth medium frequency mesh networks are being developed to extend digital voice and data communications throughout a mine. This paper presents a network modeling and simulation tool that can be used to plan and evaluate medium frequency mesh networks in mines. Examples are given of mine communication scenarios that can be modeled and the quantitative analysis that can be performed using communication performance metrics such as end-to-end delay and packet delivery rate. C1 [Souryal, Michael R.; Valoit, Fabien; Guo, Hui; Moayeri, Nader] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Damiano, Nicholas W.; Snyder, David P.] NIOSH, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Souryal, MR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM souryal@nist.gov; fabien.valoit@nist.gov; hui.guo@nist.gov; moayeri@nist.gov; nwd4@cdc.gov; fwx4@cdc.gov FU National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Office of Mine Safety and Health FX This work was sponsored by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Office of Mine Safety and Health NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-2618 BN 978-1-4244-6395-4 J9 IEEE IND APPLIC SOC PY 2010 PG 6 WC Engineering, Industrial SC Engineering GA BTN68 UT WOS:000287415300096 ER PT S AU Guo, H Qian, Y Lu, KJ Moayeri, N AF Guo, Hui Qian, Yi Lu, Kejie Moayeri, Nader GP IEEE TI Backbone Routing over Multihop Wireless Networks: Increased Network Coding Opportunity SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS SE IEEE International Conference on Communications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Conference on Communications CY MAY 23-27, 2010 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP IEEE AB Network coding has been proved as an effective way to enhance the throughput of the multihop wireless ad hoc networks in both unicast and multicast traffics. However, in a random network topology with non-coding-aware routing protocols, the performance enhancement may be limited because the packet routing scheme does not take advantage of the possibility of network coding. In this paper, we propose a Backbone ROuting with Network Coding (BRONC) scheme over a multihop wireless network, which combines the benefits of both backbone routing and network coding techniques. With backbone-based routing, all packets are forced to be transmitted over a constructed backbone. Because of the characteristics of bi-directional traffic flow and pre-specified routes in backbone routing, the possibility of coding packets at intermediate nodes can be substantially increased, and thus the benefit of network coding is fully exploited. Simulation results show that BRONC improves the coding opportunity significantly, and it outperforms the existing opportunistic coding schemes in terms of throughput, packet delivery ratio and transmission overhead. C1 [Guo, Hui; Moayeri, Nader] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Qian, Yi] Univ Nebraska, Dept Comp & Elect Engn, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. [Lu, Kejie] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. RP Guo, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-3607 BN 978-1-4244-6404-3 J9 IEEE ICC PY 2010 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BUU13 UT WOS:000290335600052 ER PT S AU Shankar, PM Gentile, C AF Shankar, P. M. Gentile, Camillo GP IEEE TI Statistical analysis of short term fading and shadowing in Ultra-Wideband systems SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS SE IEEE International Conference on Communications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Conference on Communications CY MAY 23-27, 2010 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP IEEE DE UWB; Wireless systems; Short term fading; Shadowing; K distribution; Chi-square tests ID PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS; K-DISTRIBUTION; CHANNELS; MODEL; ESTIMATORS; CLUTTER AB Statistical analysis of Ultra-Wideband (UWB) signals is undertaken to examine the existence of short term fading and shadowing. Based on the data collected from multiple locations and 4 different sites using a single transmitter and a 96-element receiving antenna in the 2-8 GHz range, hypothesis testing was performed to explore the statistical fit to composite probability density functions such the double Rayleigh, double Nakagami and the K distribution as well as the Nakagami and lognormal. The tests clearly showed that excellent match existed with the K distribution, with the Nakagami distribution being the next best. These results point to the existence of shadowing besides the short fading reported by other researchers. They can also assist in the development of fading and shadowing mitigation techniques. C1 [Shankar, P. M.] Drexel Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Gentile, Camillo] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Emerging & Mobile Networking Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Shankar, PM (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-3607 BN 978-1-4244-6404-3 J9 IEEE ICC PY 2010 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BUU13 UT WOS:000290335603177 ER PT S AU Gentile, C Golmie, N Remley, KA Holloway, CL Young, WF AF Gentile, Camillo Golmie, Nada Remley, Kate A. Holloway, Chris L. Young, William F. GP IEEE TI A Channel Propagation Model for the 700 MHz Band SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS - ICC 2010 SE IEEE International Conference on Communications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Conference on Communications CY MAY 23-27, 2010 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP IEEE DE Public safety bands; LTE ID STATISTICAL-MODEL AB Conversion from analog television in the United States combined with the appeal for broadband public safety communications is generating a lot of interest in the so-called 700 MHz band between 698-806 MHz. To our knowledge, no channel propagation model for this band exists to date. In this work, we derive such a model reduced from a measurement campaign realized through a stepped-frequency system. The campaign includes 89 transmitter-receiver configurations in seven different environments relevant to residential, commercial and public safety communications, ranging from subterranean mine tunnels to an oil refinery, from mid-size to high-rise buildings. The stochastic impulse response model is complete with 17 parameters which enables reconstruction for use in simulation engines, amongst others. C1 [Gentile, Camillo; Golmie, Nada] NIST, Adv Network Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 20899 USA. [Young, William F.] Sandia Natl Labs, Wireless & Event Sensing Applicat, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Gentile, C (reprint author), NIST, Adv Network Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU Public Safety Communications Research Lab through NIST's Office of Law Enforcement Standards FX This work was funded by the Public Safety Communications Research Lab through NIST's Office of Law Enforcement Standards. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-3607 BN 978-1-4244-6404-3 J9 IEEE ICC PY 2010 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTI68 UT WOS:000287029400009 ER PT S AU Gharavi, H Hu, B Wu, N AF Gharavi, Hamid Hu, Bin Wu, Nan GP IEEE TI A Design Framework for High-Density Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks Achieving Cooperative Diversity SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS - ICC 2010 SE IEEE International Conference on Communications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Conference on Communications CY MAY 23-27, 2010 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP IEEE ID MAC AB In this paper, we present a systematic design structure for high-density ad hoc networks aimed at achieving full cooperative diversity, based on which the PHY, MAC and Network layers of the system are specifically tailored. For the latter in particular, we present a cooperative routing protocol that is capable of exploiting full transmit diversity in ad-hoc networks. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the substantial performance gain in terms of increased packet delivery reliability over high-throughput scenarios and reduced system delay, achieved by the cooperative diversity attained using a virtual MIMO system architecture. C1 [Gharavi, Hamid; Hu, Bin; Wu, Nan] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gharavi, H (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gharavi@nist.gov; bhu@nist.gov; nan.wu@nist.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-3607 BN 978-1-4244-6404-3 J9 IEEE ICC PY 2010 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTI68 UT WOS:000287029400020 ER PT S AU Yang, WB Sayrafian-Pour, K AF Yang, Wen-Bin Sayrafian-Pour, Kamran GP IEEE TI A Low Complexity Interference Cancellation Technique for Multi-User DS-CDMA Communications SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS - ICC 2010 SE IEEE International Conference on Communications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Conference on Communications CY MAY 23-27, 2010 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP IEEE DE Interference cancellation; Direct-sequence code division multiple access; Fast Walsh-Hadamard transformation ID MULTIPLE-ACCESS CHANNELS; DETECTORS AB A low complexity Parallel Interference Cancellation (PIC) technique is proposed to suppress Multi-Access Interference (MAI) and minimize near-far effect for multi-user communication using Direct-Sequence Code Division Multiple Access (DS-CDMA). Interference signal is estimated using a relationship between cyclic correlation of the received signal and user's code of the interferer without requiring any knowledge of the channel condition. The user's codes for the multi-user DS-CDMA communication are constructed by using a set of msequences. The cyclic correlation is performed using Fast Walsh-Hadamard Transform (FWHT) which exhibits low computational complexity, i.e., it does not require any multiplication/division operations. In addition to low complexity, the proposed technique does not require complicated channel condition estimation and has no convergence issues. The uncoded Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of the proposed interference cancellation is calculated and compared with the conventional one over three different types of channels: AWGN, slow Rayleigh fading, and multipath channels. C1 [Yang, Wen-Bin; Sayrafian-Pour, Kamran] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yang, WB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-3607 BN 978-1-4244-6404-3 J9 IEEE ICC PY 2010 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTI68 UT WOS:000287029400042 ER PT S AU Wang, MH Yan, B Gharavi, H AF Wang, Miaohui Yan, Bo Gharavi, Hamid GP IEEE TI PYRAMID MODEL BASED DOWN-SAMPLING FOR IMAGE INPAINTING SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING SE IEEE International Conference on Image Processing ICIP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Image Processing CY SEP 26-29, 2010 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE Image inpainting; Pyramid model; Down-sampling AB Image inpainting is a useful and powerful technique for automatically restoring or removing objects in films and damaged pictures. In the last ten years, many excellent inpainting algorithms have been proposed after Bertalmio et al. [1]. However, no paper systematically and theoretically analyzes the factors, which limit the performances of existing algorithms. Based on extensive experiments, we firstly construct a universal framework for image inpainting, which contains three crucial factors-Area, Shape, and Perimeter (ASP). Then we propose a Pyramid model based Down-sampling Inpainting (PDI) model according to the ASP principles. Experimental results show that the performances of existing methods can be tremendously improved after incorporating the PDI model. C1 [Wang, Miaohui; Yan, Bo] Fudan Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Gharavi, Hamid] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Wang, MH (reprint author), Fudan Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. EM miaohwang@fudan.edu.cn; byan@fudan.edu.cn; gharavi@nist.gov RI Yan, Bo/B-2502-2012 FU NSFC [60703034] FX This work is supported by NSFC (Grant No.: 60703034). NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-4880 BN 978-1-4244-7994-8 J9 IEEE IMAGE PROC PY 2010 BP 429 EP 432 DI 10.1109/ICIP.2010.5653469 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BTP82 UT WOS:000287728000106 ER PT S AU Lian, ZH Godil, A Sun, XF Zhang, H AF Lian, Zhouhui Godil, Afzal Sun, Xianfang Zhang, Hai GP IEEE TI NON-RIGID 3D SHAPE RETRIEVAL USING MULTIDIMENSIONAL SCALING AND BAG-OF-FEATURES SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING SE IEEE International Conference on Image Processing ICIP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Image Processing CY SEP 26-29, 2010 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE 3D shape retrieval; Non-rigid 3D shape; Multidimensional Scaling (MDS); Bag-of-Features (BOF) ID DISTRIBUTIONS AB Matching non-rigid shapes is a challenging research field in content-based 3D object retrieval. In this paper, we present an image-based method to effectively address this problem. Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) are first applied to each object to calculate its canonical form, which is afterward represented by 66 depth-buffer images captured on the vertices of an unit geodesic sphere. Then, each image is described as a word histogram obtained by the vector quantization of the image's salient local features. Finally, a multi-view shape matching scheme is carried out to measure the dissimilarity between two models. Experimental results on the McGill Articulated Shape Benchmark database demonstrate that, our method obtains better retrieval performance compared to the state-of-the-art. C1 [Lian, Zhouhui; Sun, Xianfang; Zhang, Hai] Beihang Univ, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Lian, Zhouhui; Godil, Afzal] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Sun, Xianfang] Cardiff Univ, Cardiff CF10 3AX, S Glam, Wales. RP Lian, ZH (reprint author), Beihang Univ, Beijing, Peoples R China. RI Lian, Zhouhui/D-8432-2012; OI Sun, Xianfang/0000-0002-6114-0766 FU SIMA; IDUS program FX This work has been supported by the SIMA and the IDUS program. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-4880 BN 978-1-4244-7994-8 J9 IEEE IMAGE PROC PY 2010 BP 3181 EP 3184 DI 10.1109/ICIP.2010.5654226 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BTP82 UT WOS:000287728003065 ER PT S AU Balakirsky, S Dimitrov, D AF Balakirsky, Stephen Dimitrov, Denis GP IEEE TI Single-query, Bi-directional, Lazy Roadmap Planner Applied to Car-like Robots SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA) SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY MAY 03-08, 2010 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE AB The Single-query, Bi-directional, Lazy roadmap (SBL) algorithm successfully builds upon the traditional Probabilistic Roadmaps (PRM) approach by introducing a number of related optimizations. While these optimizations are applicable in the domain of car-like robots, the non-holonomic constraints of these systems and non-independence of several of their degrees of freedom pose challenges that will be examined in this paper. We present several enhancements that improve the quality of the generated path in comparison with the simple adaptation of the SBL algorithm. Results demonstrate that this work provides a planner that quickly and reliably discovers efficient paths for car-like robots. C1 [Balakirsky, Stephen] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Dimitrov, Denis] Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP Balakirsky, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stephen@nist.gov; dd322@georgetown.edu NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-4244-5040-4 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2010 BP 5015 EP 5020 DI 10.1109/ROBOT.2010.5509583 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BSD39 UT WOS:000284150003012 ER PT S AU Donley, E Liebisch, TC Blanshan, E Kitching, J AF Donley, Elizabeth Liebisch, Tara Cubel Blanshan, Eric Kitching, John GP IEEE TI Number Enhancement for Compact Laser-Cooled Atomic Samples by use of Stimulated Radiation Forces SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM (FCS) SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium CY JUN 01-04, 2010 CL Newport Beach, CA SP IEEE ID VAPOR-CELL; TRAP AB For cold samples of laser-cooled atoms to be useful in emerging technologies such as compact atomic clocks and sensors, it is necessary to achieve small sample sizes while retaining a large number of cold atoms. Achieving large atom numbers in a small system is a major challenge for producing miniaturized laser-cooled atomic clocks, since the number of captured atoms in a vapor-cell magneto-optical trap (MOT) scales as the fourth power of the laser beam diameter [1]. This strong dependence on size is fundamentally set by the maximum spontaneous light force h k gamma/2, where hk is the photon momentum and gamma/2 is the maximum spontaneous photon scatter rate of a saturated transition of linewidth gamma. We are attempting to surmount the limit imposed by spontaneous emission by using bichromatic cooling [2] - a technique that uses stimulated emission to slow the atoms. We have built a table-top experiment that uses stimulated-emission bichromatic cooling to pre-cool rubidium atoms and dramatically enhance the trappable atom number in a small MOT. The apparatus lets us test how bichromatic cooling scales with miniaturization. Here we report on our first experimental results of cooling a thermal beam of rubidium atoms down to MOT capture velocities. C1 [Donley, Elizabeth; Liebisch, Tara Cubel; Blanshan, Eric; Kitching, John] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Donley, E (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM edonley@boulder.nist.gov RI Donley, Elizabeth/A-4525-2010 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-4244-6401-2 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2010 BP 125 EP 128 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556359 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTM93 UT WOS:000287378700026 ER PT S AU Parker, TE Jefferts, SR Heavner, TP AF Parker, T. E. Jefferts, S. R. Heavner, T. P. GP IEEE TI Medium-Term Frequency Stability of Hydrogen Masers as Measured by a Cesium Fountain SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM (FCS) SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium CY JUN 01-04, 2010 CL New Port Beach, CA SP IEEE AB Hydrogen masers are used extensively in time scale ensembles, but the frequency drift must be accurately known. NIST-F1, the cesium fountain primary frequency standard at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, now operates nearly every month and has provided an unprecedented opportunity to characterize the medium-term frequency stability (t = 30 to 90 days) of six hydrogen masers. An unexpected observation was a moderate level of correlation in the frequency fluctuations of all the masers. C1 [Parker, T. E.; Jefferts, S. R.; Heavner, T. P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Parker, TE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM tparker@boulder.nist.gov NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-4244-6401-2 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2010 BP 318 EP 323 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556319 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTM93 UT WOS:000287378700066 ER PT S AU Mhaskar, RR Knappe, S Kitching, J AF Mhaskar, Rahul R. Knappe, Svenja Kitching, John GP IEEE TI Low-Frequency Characterization of MEMS-based Portable Atomic Magnetometer SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM (FCS) SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium CY JUN 01-04, 2010 CL Newport Beach, CA SP IEEE ID LEVEL CROSSING RESONANCES; VAPOR CELLS AB Atomic magnetometers based on absorption or polarization rotation of light in an alkali vapor have recently demonstrated sensitivities rivaling those of superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) [1]. Miniaturization of such devices containing vapor cells fabricated with microelectro-mechanical (MEMS) technology has been the focus of development for the better part of the last decade. In this paper, we describe a portable magnetometry system with a sensitivity below 50 fT/root Hz at 100 Hz. The atomic magnetometer consists of a microfabricated sensor head that is fiber coupled to a control module consisting of a laser and electronics. We describe the construction of this system and present the results of sensitivity measurements with an emphasis on identifying and characterizing the source of 1/f (flicker) noise. This portable magnetometer system was developed to measure magnetocardiograms (MCG) of human subjects inside a shielded environment [2]. C1 [Mhaskar, Rahul R.; Knappe, Svenja; Kitching, John] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Mhaskar, RR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Rahul.Mhaskar@nist.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-4244-6401-2 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2010 BP 376 EP 379 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556307 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTM93 UT WOS:000287378700078 ER PT S AU Hati, A Nelson, CW Riddle, BF Howe, DA AF Hati, Archita Nelson, Craig W. Riddle, Bill F. Howe, David A. GP IEEE TI High Spectral Purity Oscillator at 40 GHz: Design Using Air-Dielectric Cavity SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM (FCS) SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium CY JUN 01-04, 2010 CL Newport Beach, CA SP IEEE AB We describe the design of a low-phase modulated (PM) noise 40 GHz oscillator that uses a conventional air-dielectric cavity resonator as a frequency discriminator to clean up the PM noise of a commercial 10 GHz dielectric resonator oscillator (DRO) multiplied by four. The main features of this design incorporate (1) unloaded cavity quality factor (Q) of 30,000, (2) high coupling coefficient, (3) large carrier suppression by use of interferometric signal processing, (4) large operating signal power of approximately 1 Watt (W), and (5) relatively small size. C1 [Hati, Archita; Nelson, Craig W.; Riddle, Bill F.; Howe, David A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hati, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM archita@boulder.nist.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-4244-6401-2 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2010 BP 437 EP 439 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556293 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTM93 UT WOS:000287378700092 ER PT S AU Nelson, CW Hati, A Nava, JFG Howe, DA AF Nelson, C. W. Hati, A. Nava, J. F. G. Howe, D. A. GP IEEE TI Phase noise suppression in frequency comb generators SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM (FCS) SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium CY JUN 01-04, 2010 CL New Port Beach, CA SP IEEE DE comb generation; flicker noise; frequency multiplication; phase noise; noise suppression; step recovery diode AB We propose an idea to suppress the flicker (1/f) noise in radio frequency (RF) multiplier-based frequency comb generators. Comb generators are often used for frequency multiplication in frequency synthesis. In general, comb generators apply high power to a nonlinear element (NLE) such as a step-recovery diode to generate harmonics. Flicker of phase from the NLE causes significant noise to be projected onto the higher-order harmonics of the input signal. The phase noise of the n-th harmonic increases by n(2) relative to the noise of the input signal; this is also true for the input-referred multiplier phase noise. A system can be constructed that compares the fundamental signal before and after it enters the comb generator. If the phase perturbations between the fundamental and any particular harmonic can be measured in real time, a feedback or feed-forward servo can be implemented to correct the phase noise that is introduced by frequency multiplication. A defective excessively noisy comb generator is used in this experiment to act as the candidate for noise correction. This allows for simplified testing of the proof of principle by measuring the corrected candidate versus a typical comb generator. C1 [Nelson, C. W.; Hati, A.; Nava, J. F. G.; Howe, D. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Nelson, CW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM craig.nelson@boulder.nist.gov NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-4244-6401-2 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2010 BP 440 EP 442 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556294 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTM93 UT WOS:000287378700093 ER PT S AU Esnault, FX Donley, E Kitching, J AF Esnault, Francois-Xavier Donley, Elizabeth Kitching, John GP IEEE TI Towards a compact cold atom frequency standard based on coherent population trapping SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM (FCS) SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium CY JUN 01-04, 2010 CL New Port Beach, CA SP IEEE ID DARK RESONANCES; RAMAN; CONTRAST; LIGHT; BEAM; LINE AB We describe the main features of a cold atom frequency standard based on coherent population trapping (CPT). We explain our particular CPT configuration and our experimental setup, and present simulations of the expected performance (stability and major systematics). C1 [Esnault, Francois-Xavier; Donley, Elizabeth; Kitching, John] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Devices & Instrumentat Grp, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Esnault, FX (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Devices & Instrumentat Grp, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM edonley@nist.gov RI Donley, Elizabeth/A-4525-2010 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-4244-6401-2 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2010 BP 465 EP 469 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556285 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTM93 UT WOS:000287378700100 ER PT S AU Meiser, D Ye, J Holland, MJ AF Meiser, D. Ye, Jun Holland, M. J. GP IEEE TI Prospects for milli-hertz linewidth lasers using collective emission SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM (FCS) SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium CY JUN 01-04, 2010 CL Newport Beach, CA SP IEEE ID QUANTUM OPTICS; LATTICE CLOCK; FREQUENCY AB Ultra-stable lasers are core components of many precision measurements and clock experiments. The stability of the most stable lasers is limited by thermal noise of the reference cavities to which the frequency of the laser is locked. Overcoming this limitation is a serious challenge. We discuss an alternative route to ultra-stable light that circumvents the need for an improved reference cavity. The idea is to generate light actively from ultra-cold atoms in a lattice clock. We discuss the physical mechanism underlying this light source, experimental requirements, and key characteristics of the generated light such as its intensity, linewidth, and noise properties. C1 [Meiser, D.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Meiser, D (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU NSF; DARPA; DFG (of Germany); NIST FX We are grateful for stimulating discussions with J. K. Thompson, A. D. Ludlow, and J. Cooper. This work has been supported in part by NSF, DARPA, DFG (of Germany) and NIST. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-4244-6401-2 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2010 BP 629 EP 633 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556254 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTM93 UT WOS:000287378700133 ER PT S AU Taylor, JA Quinlan, F Hati, A Nelson, C Diddams, SA Datta, S Joshi, A AF Taylor, Jennifer A. Quinlan, Frank Hati, Archita Nelson, Craig Diddams, Scott A. Datta, Shubhashish Joshi, Abhay GP IEEE TI Phase Noise in the Photodetection of Ultrashort Optical Pulses SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM (FCS) SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium CY JUN 01-04, 2010 CL Newport Beach, CA SP IEEE ID MICROWAVE SIGNALS; FEMTOSECOND-LASER; NONLINEARITIES AB Femtosecond laser frequency combs provide an effective and efficient way to take an ultra-stable optical frequency reference and divide the signal down into the microwave region. In order to convert optical pulses into a usable RF signal, one must use high-speed photodetection; unfortunately, excess phase noise from both technical and fundamental sources can arise in the photodetection process. In order to ultimately minimize the noise effects of the photodetector, we must first characterize some of the known sources for noise arising in these devices. In this paper, we will study two sources of excess noise in high-speed photodiodes-power-to-phase conversion and shot noise. The noise performance of each device will give us clues as to the nature of the sources, their effect on the output signal, and what design features of the photodiode minimize these noise effects. C1 [Taylor, Jennifer A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Taylor, Jennifer A.; Quinlan, Frank; Hati, Archita; Nelson, Craig; Diddams, Scott A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Time & Frequency Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Datta, Shubhashish; Joshi, Abhay] Discovery Semiconduct Inc, Ewing, NJ USA. RP Taylor, JA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Jennifer.Taylor@nist.gov RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-4244-6401-2 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2010 BP 684 EP 688 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556176 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTM93 UT WOS:000287378700145 ER PT S AU Bachmann, CM Nichols, CR Montes, MJ Fusina, RA Li, RR Gross, C Fry, J Parrish, C Sellars, J White, SA Jones, CA Lee, K AF Bachmann, Charles M. Nichols, C. Reid Montes, Marcos J. Fusina, Robert A. Li, Rong-Rong Gross, Carl Fry, John Parrish, Chris Sellars, Jon White, Stephen A. Jones, Christopher A. Lee, Krista GP IEEE TI COASTAL CHARACTERIZATION FROM HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY: AN INTERCOMPARISON OF RETRIEVAL PROPERTIES FROM THREE COAST TYPES SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE remote sensing; hyperspectral imagery; coast type; environmental factors; spectroscopy AB Over the past three years, the Naval Research Laboratory has conducted three remote sensing campaigns in regions which included barrier island, coral, and mangrove coastal characteristics. These investigations were conducted at the Virginia Coast Reserve during September 2007, in and around Kaneohe and Waimanalo Bays during January and February 2009, and along the Queensland coast in Australia during May 2009. During each of the studies, hyperspectral imagery (HSI) was acquired over the site in conjunction with both land and water spectral and geotechnical measurements. For coastal classification, such as retrievals of bottom reflectance, bathymetry, beach composition, and vegetation type, subtle variations in spectral properties of physical and biological features are often significant. Beach composition in these coast types differed dramatically due to the origin of the sands. These findings suggest the need to develop models specific to a particular coast type. C1 [Bachmann, Charles M.; Montes, Marcos J.; Fusina, Robert A.; Li, Rong-Rong; Gross, Carl] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Coastal Sci & Interpretat Sect, Code 7232,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nichols, C. Reid; Fry, John] Marine Informat Resource Corp, Ellicott 21042, MARYLAND. [Parrish, Chris; Sellars, Jon; White, Stephen A.] NOAA NOS, Remote Sensing Div, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Jones, Christopher A.; Lee, Krista] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Remote Sensing, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Bachmann, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Coastal Sci & Interpretat Sect, Code 7232,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bachmann@nrl.navy.mil RI Montes, Marcos/J-9239-2015 OI Montes, Marcos/0000-0002-4725-5380 NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 138 EP 141 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5650660 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933800036 ER PT S AU Ceccato, P Vancutsem, C Temimi, M AF Ceccato, P. Vancutsem, C. Temimi, M. GP IEEE TI MONITORING AIR AND LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURES FROM REMOTELY SENSED DATA FOR CLIMATE-HUMAN HEALTH APPLICATIONS SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Air temperature; Land Surface Temperature; human health; climate change AB This study proposes a methodology to infer maximum air temperature from space using observations from polar orbiting satellite MODIS. A previous study showed that minimum Land Surface Temperature (LST) derived from MODIS night-time images provides a good surrogate for minimum air temperature while the retrieval of maximum air temperature is less straightforward. The objective of this work is to estimate maximum air temperatures through the extrapolation of the minimum temperature derived from MODIS according to the diurnal cycle. The diurnal cycle parameters (i.e. phase and amplitude) which are used to estimate the maximum air temperature are determined locally using data from the WORDCLIM database. The proposed approach is applied over four different areas in Africa (Eritrea, Ethiopia, Botswana and Madagascar) based on measurements collected in 28 different stations over the period 2002-2008. An acceptable agreement between maximum air temperature estimated and observed temperatures was noticed. This implies that satellite imagery has an interesting potential in inferring maximum air temperature at an interesting temporal and spatial resolution. C1 [Ceccato, P.; Vancutsem, C.] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, Lamont Campus,61 Route 9W,Monell Bldg, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Vancutsem, C.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, MARS Unit, FOOD SEC Act, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Temimi, M.] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Ceccato, P (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, Lamont Campus,61 Route 9W,Monell Bldg, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM pceccato@iri.columbia.edu FU Earth Institute, Columbia University (Cross-Cutting Initiative project); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA050AR4311004] FX This work was funded by The Earth Institute, Columbia University (Cross-Cutting Initiative project) and a cooperative agreement (NA050AR4311004) from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its sub-agencies. We thank the meteorological services of Eritrea, Ethiopia, Botswana, and Madagascar for providing the temperature observations. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 178 EP 180 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5649810 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933800046 ER PT S AU Norouzi, H Temimi, M Khanbilvardi, R AF Norouzi, Hamidreza Temimi, Marouane Khanbilvardi, Reza GP IEEE TI DEVELOPMENT OF GLOBAL LAND SURFACE EMISSIVITY PRODUCT AT AMSR-E PASSIVE MICROWAVE FREQUENCIES SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Land surface emissivity; microwave; diurnal cycle; soil moisture ID MODEL AB Microwave land surface emissivity is one of the key inputs in Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models. It can be used also to classify land surface and subsurface properties such as soil moisture. The objective of this study is to develop global land effective emissivity product using passive microwave observations from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). Ancillary data such as land surface skin temperature and cloud flag were obtained from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) data set are used in the analysis. Atmospheric parameters were obtained from TOVS observations to account for the upwelling and downwelling atmospheric emissions as well as atmospheric transmission. Instantaneous land emissivity maps were determined over cloud free pixels for each ascending and descending overpass. In addition, a global clear sky composite is produced on monthly basis. The derived maps show acceptable agreement with the global pattern of land cover types. The emissivity maps also agree reasonably well with the existing SSM/I based product. C1 [Norouzi, Hamidreza; Temimi, Marouane; Khanbilvardi, Reza] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Norouzi, H (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM hnorouzi@gc.cuny.edu OI Norouzi, Hamid/0000-0003-0405-5108 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 280 EP 283 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5652464 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933800073 ER PT S AU Smith, WL Minnis, P Benjamin, SG Weygandt, SS AF Smith, William L., Jr. Minnis, Patrick Benjamin, Stanley G. Weygandt, Stephen S. GP IEEE TI 4-D CLOUD WATER CONTENT FIELDS DERIVED FROM OPERATIONAL SATELLITE DATA SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE C1 [Smith, William L., Jr.; Minnis, Patrick] NASA, LaRC, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Benjamin, Stanley G.; Weygandt, Stephen S.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Smith, WL (reprint author), NASA, LaRC, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RI Benjamin, Stan/C-5818-2015; Weygandt, Stephen/E-7497-2015; Minnis, Patrick/G-1902-2010 OI Benjamin, Stan/0000-0002-5751-8236; Minnis, Patrick/0000-0002-4733-6148 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 308 EP 311 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5652807 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933800080 ER PT S AU Bly, PL Edwards, MA AF Bly, Patrina L. Edwards, Michael A. GP IEEE TI THE APPLICABILITY OF GIS AND REMOTE SENSING IN IDENTIFYING PBDES SOURCES USING NOAA NATIONAL STATUS & TRENDS MUSSEL WATCH PROGRAM DATA SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE AB Utilizing formats such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing data assessment, an attempt was made to identify possible releasers of effluent waste into the major coastal watershed regions pertaining to ongoing research conducted within monitored mussel watch sites. The categorization of possible contaminating locations was made available through the development of a series of dataset. This dataset was primarily derived from agencies such as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Mussel Watch Program, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U. S. EPA), and the United States Geological Survey (USGS), as well as other state government databases. With the utilization of platforms such as the ESRI (R) ArcMap (TM) software, analysis and assessment of spatially referenced locations, via point, vector, and line data format were used to depict points and sites of interest within sampled locations and areas of Interest (AOI). Points and areas of interest (AOI) were also verified using Remote Sensing imagery in order to maintain spatial and spectral integrity within areas that were detected with known contaminant. As such, the contaminant Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) within observable mussel watch sites was cross checked with those assessed by the NOAA's Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment (CCMA), in order to clearly identify all the possible sources of the contaminant Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) within the sampled locations. With the use of this data, researchers are able to identify current as well future possible sources of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) contaminant contributors within monitored mussel watch sites and other fragile coastal ecosystems. C1 [Bly, Patrina L.] Elizabeth City State Univ, Elizabeth City, NC 27909 USA. [Edwards, Michael A.] NOAA, NOS NCCOS CCMA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Bly, PL (reprint author), Elizabeth City State Univ, Elizabeth City, NC 27909 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 421 EP 424 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5650007 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933800109 ER PT S AU Gu, DZ Cox, AE Houtz, D Walker, DK Randa, J Billinger, RL AF Gu, Dazhen Cox, Amanda E. Houtz, Derek Walker, David K. Randa, James Billinger, Robert L. GP IEEE TI REFLECTIVITY STUDIES OF PASSIVE MICROWAVE CALIBRATION TARGETS AND ABSORPTIVE MATERIALS SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Blackbody targets; brightness standard; free-space measurement; reflection coefficients AB We report on the characterization of blackbody reflections as a part of the recent progress on the development of brightness standards for microwave remote sensing at National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Three blackbody targets at variable temperatures used for airborne and/or satellite systems along with an aluminum plate were measured in terms of their reflection coefficients by horn antennas in connection with a vector network analyzer (VNA) in the WR-42 waveguide band. Precision measurements of reflection are needed for blackbody emissivity computation to check against the brightness temperature measurement of blackbody targets. All experiments were conducted in two distance ranges by free-space methods in an anechoic chamber. Preliminary results show negligible reflections from the calibration targets, indicating near ideal blackbody characteristics in the measured frequency range. C1 [Gu, Dazhen; Cox, Amanda E.; Houtz, Derek; Walker, David K.; Randa, James; Billinger, Robert L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Gu, DZ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RI Gu, Dazhen/B-4854-2012 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 570 EP 573 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5653688 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933800148 ER PT S AU Kizer, S Liu, X Larar, A Smith, W Zhou, D Barnet, C Divakarla, M Guo, G Blackwell, B Leslie, V Jairam, L St Jermain, K AF Kizer, Susan Liu, Xu Larar, Allen Smith, William Zhou, Daniel Barnet, Chris Divakarla, Murty Guo, Guang Blackwell, Bill Leslie, Vincent Jairam, Laura St Jermain, Karen GP IEEE TI PORTING AND TESTING NPOESS CRIMSS EDR ALGORITHMS SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE AB As a part of the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) and the NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP), the instruments Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) and Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) make up the Cross-track Infrared and Microwave Sounder Suite (CrIMSS). CrIMSS will primarily provide global temperature, moisture, and pressure profiles and calibrated radiances [1]. In preparation for the NPOESS/NPP launch, porting and testing of the CrIMSS Environmental Data Record (EDR) algorithms need to be performed. C1 [Kizer, Susan] Sci Syst Applicat Intl, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Liu, Xu; Larar, Allen; Zhou, Daniel] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Smith, William] Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [Barnet, Chris] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Appl, Silver Spring, MD 20746 USA. [Divakarla, Murty] IM Syst Grp Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Guo, Guang] PSGS, Fairfax, VA 20706 USA. [Blackwell, Bill; Leslie, Vincent; Jairam, Laura] MIT, Lincoln Lab, 244 Wood St, Lexington, MA 02173 USA. [St Jermain, Karen] NOAA, NPOESS Integrated Program Office, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Kizer, S (reprint author), Sci Syst Applicat Intl, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. RI Divakarla, Murty/E-7936-2011 OI Divakarla, Murty/0000-0002-0399-3381 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 1067 EP 1069 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5652925 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933801053 ER PT S AU Hayden, L Jearld, A Powell, J Hayden, K Jackson, NL AF Hayden, Linda Jearld, Ambrose, Jr. Powell, Je'aime Hayden, Kuchumbi Jackson, Nina L. GP IEEE TI HANDS-ON GPS AND REMOTE SENSING TRAINING FOR HIGH SCHOOL LEARNERS DURING IGARSS 2009 IN CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE AB Continuing the commitment of the Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society (GRSS) to education and outreach, the IEEE 2009 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) conference in Cape Town, South Africa provided an opportunity for over 400 local high school students to engage in handson GPS training and remote sensing workshops. Mafeteng Schools Environment Network (MSEN) and the Students' Health and Welfare Centres Organization (SHAWCO) worked with the University of Cape Town (UCT) in identifying student learners from socio-economically challenged populations in metropolitan Cape Town. Activities included a remote sensing art workshop, Mathematics of Remote Sensing team contest, and a scavenger hunt. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) scientists led discussions and demonstrations of educational products to help build understanding of the science of Earth's systems and the stewardship of our planet, and to foster avenues to explore careers in science. This paper details the education outreach events and gives demographic information on the participants. C1 [Hayden, Linda; Powell, Je'aime; Hayden, Kuchumbi] Elizabeth City State Univ, Elizabeth City, NC 27909 USA. [Jearld, Ambrose, Jr.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Jackson, Nina L.] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite, Data & Informat Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Hayden, L (reprint author), Elizabeth City State Univ, Elizabeth City, NC 27909 USA. EM haydenl@mindspring.com; ambrose.jearld@noaa.gov; jeaimehp@gmail.com; khayden5@hotmail.com; nina.jackson@noaa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 1118 EP 1121 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5651320 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933801067 ER PT J AU Soisuvarn, S Jelenak, Z Chang, PS Zhu, Q AF Soisuvarn, Seubson Jelenak, Zorana Chang, Paul S. Zhu, Qi GP IEEE TI A REVISED GEOPHYSICAL MODEL FUNCTION FOR THE ADVANCED SCATTEROMETER (ASCAT) AT NOAA/NESDIS SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE ASCAT; QuikSCAT; Geophysical Model Function; Ocean Vector Winds; High Winds AB The current ASCAT winds retrieval is based on the CMOD5.n geophysical model function (GMF) with the ASCAT wind data processor developed at the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI). Recent validation of ASCAT wind retrieval reveals that high wind retrievals were underestimated as being compared to the operational QuikSCAT scatterometer. The goal in this paper is to improve ASCAT wind retrievals at high winds. In this paper we map the radar backscatter (sigma(0)) as a function of extreme wind conditions as measured by an airborne scatterometer and adjusted the isotropic term in CMOD5.n to follow the aircraft GMF trend. The geophysical model function validation shows the model sigma(0) that calculated from QuikSCAT wind inputs are improved for sigma(0) approximately > -15 dB and in very good agreement with the ASCAT sigma(0) measurement. The wind retrieval validations show wind speed rms error is improved at approximately wind speed > 12 m/s and example mean wind composite from two winter seasons shows significant in detection of storm-force winds. C1 [Soisuvarn, Seubson; Jelenak, Zorana; Chang, Paul S.; Zhu, Qi] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Soisuvarn, S (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RI Jelenak, Zorana/F-5596-2010; Chang, Paul/F-5580-2010; Soisuvarn, Seubson/R-8130-2016 OI Jelenak, Zorana/0000-0003-0510-2973; Chang, Paul/0000-0001-5113-0938; Soisuvarn, Seubson/0000-0002-1373-8974 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 1335 EP 1338 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5650850 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933801123 ER PT S AU Tian, YH Romanov, P Yu, YY Xu, H Tarpley, D AF Tian, Yuhong Romanov, Peter Yu, Yunyue Xu, Hui Tarpley, Dan GP IEEE TI ANALYSIS OF VEGETATION INDEX NDVI ANISOTROPY TO IMPROVE THE ACCURACY OF THE GOES-R GREEN VEGETATION FRACTION PRODUCT SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Remote Sensing; geostationary satellite; NDVI; angular anisotropy; modeling ID MODELS AB Green Vegetation Fraction (GVF) is the fraction of area within the instrument footprint occupied by green vegetation. Information on GVF is needed to estimate the surface energy balance in numerical weather prediction (NWP) and climate models. For the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R Series (GOES-R) Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) algorithm development, a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) based linear mixture algorithm has been chosen to convert NDVI into GVF. The GVF algorithm has been developed and tested using a proxy dataset from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) sensor onboard the European Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) geostationary satellite. Studies of SEVIRI data have shown that NDVI strongly depends upon the viewing and illumination geometry of observations, especially over dense vegetation. If not corrected, this angular anisotropy of NDVI causes substantial spurious diurnal variations in the derived GVF. An empirical kernel-driven model to correct NDVI for angular anisotropy has been developed and implemented in the GVF algorithm. Its kernel weights for the GVF algorithm were also determined empirically from the SEVIRI clear-sky data. The preliminary validation estimates show that the model's performance is good. C1 [Tian, Yuhong; Xu, Hui] NOAA NESDIS STAR, IM Syst Grp, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Romanov, Peter] Univ Maryland, CICS, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Yu, Yunyue] NOAA NESDIS STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Tarpley, Dan] Short & Assoc, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Tian, YH (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS STAR, IM Syst Grp, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Romanov, Peter/F-5622-2010; Yu, Yunyue/F-5636-2010; Xu, Hui/F-5635-2010 OI Romanov, Peter/0000-0002-2153-8307; Xu, Hui/0000-0002-0917-6526 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2091 EP 2094 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5651925 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802060 ER PT S AU Sun, FY Goldberg, MD AF Sun, Fengying Goldberg, Mitchell D. GP IEEE TI ASSESSMENT OF A TECHNIQUE FOR ESTIMATION OF OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION FROM THE ATMOSPHERIC INFRARED SOUNDER RADIANCE OBSERVATIONS SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Remote sensing ID ENERGY SYSTEM CERES; CLOUDS; AIRS AB Outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) at the top of atmosphere (TOA) derived from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) radiance observations is compared with the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) OLR in monthly and daily time scales. The global monthly mean OLR differences between AIRS and CERES and the spatial standard deviations of the OLR differences are about 1 Wm(2) and 6 Wm(-2), respectively. The regional daily mean differences between AIRS and CERES OLR from 60 degrees N to 60 degrees S are within 1 Wm(-2). These results suggest that AIRS and the Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) could be used to monitor the performance of CERES and used as a backup in case of CERES failure. C1 [Sun, Fengying] Dell Perot Syst, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. [Sun, Fengying; Goldberg, Mitchell D.] NOAA NESDIS STAR, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Sun, FY (reprint author), Dell Perot Syst, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. FU National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) Climate Program FX The authors want to thank Norman G. Loeb at NASA Langley for providing CERES 1x1 daily gridded data. This work was supported by funding from the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) Climate Program. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2279 EP 2282 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5650839 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802108 ER PT S AU Rank, R McCormick, S Cremidis, C AF Rank, Robert McCormick, Scott Cremidis, Constantino GP IEEE TI NOAA ENTERPRISE ARCHIVE ACCESS TOOL (NEAAT): ACCELERATED APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT (XAD) SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE CLASS; accelerated; application; development AB A challenge for any consumer of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) environmental data archives is that the disparate nature of these archives makes it difficult for consumers to access data in a unified manner. If it were possible for consumers to have seamless access to these archives, they would be able to better utilize the data and thus maximize the return on investment for NOAA's archival program. When unified data access is coupled with sophisticated data querying and discovery techniques, it will be possible to provide consumers with access to richer data sets and services that extend the use of key NOAA data. A traditional waterfall methodology is unlikely to keep up with the ever increasing volumes of data and number of data sources, and as a consequence the ever increasing number of access (interface) requirements driven by a ever increasing and diverse consumers. A new methodology that is more agile while at the time preserves the tenants of formal configuration management and appropriate approval and review cycles is necessary to effectively address this challenge. C1 [Rank, Robert] NOAA, NESDIS, OSD, GSD, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [McCormick, Scott] Global Sci & Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Cremidis, Constantino] CSC, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Rank, R (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, OSD, GSD, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2330 EP 2332 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5653174 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802121 ER PT S AU Rank, R McCormick, S Cremidis, C AF Rank, Robert McCormick, Scott Cremidis, Constantino GP IEEE TI CLASS PLANS PROVIDING ARCHIVE, ACCESS, AND DISTRIBUTION SERVICES FOR GOES-R DATA SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE CLASS; requirements; campaigns; stewardship; archive AB The Comprehensive Large Array-data Stewardship System (CLASS), a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Information Technology (IT) enterprise solution, supports NOAA's data archive and science data stewardship missions by providing the IT portion of an archive for environmental data. Currently, CLASS is part of a major 10-year growth program to add new data sets and functionality to support a broader user base. The CLASS requirements to support this growth are defined by NOAA's data centers in conjunction with their users and with data producers to ensure that science and other user requirements are clearly defined. These requirements are captured in documents that include requirements specifications, Interface Control Documents, and Submission Agreements that drive the changes needed to handle the future increases in user and data volumes. The paper will present CLASS' approach for other major data campaigns such as NPP, NPOESS, and NEXRAD, historical data, and its plans for going forward with the GOES-R data campaign. C1 [Rank, Robert] NOAA NESDIS OSD GSD, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [McCormick, Scott] Global Sci & Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Cremidis, Constantino] CSC, Washington, DC USA. RP Rank, R (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS OSD GSD, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2460 EP 2462 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5649262 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802155 ER PT S AU Carswell, JR Perkovic, D Chu, T Frasier, SJ Chang, P Jelenak, Z AF Carswell, James R. Perkovic, Dragana Chu, Tao Frasier, Stephen J. Chang, Paul Jelenak, Zorana GP IEEE TI PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION OF SPLASH EFFECT ON HIGH WIND C-BAND HH-POL MODEL FUNCTION SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Airborne scatterometer; C-band GMF; splash AB The National Research Council Decadal Survey [1] identified the need for a future mission to provide accurate real-time observations of ocean wind vectors from calm to tropical cyclone wind conditions with or without the presence of rain. Tasked by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) developed a future scatterometer design that would leverage its success on the heritage of QuikSCAT but would provide more accurate measurements under all weather conditions through the use of Ku- and C-band coincident measurements of the ocean surface. To design a cost effective instrument for all weather operations from space the existing risks need to be mitigated. The work described in this paper attempts to validate results reported at hurricane strength winds in [2] and investigate the effects of splash caused by precipitation on the scatterometer wind estimation. C1 [Carswell, James R.] Remote Sensing Solut, Barnstable, MA 02630 USA. [Perkovic, Dragana] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Radar Sci & Engn Dept, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Chu, Tao; Frasier, Stephen J.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Chang, Paul; Jelenak, Zorana] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR UCAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Carswell, JR (reprint author), Remote Sensing Solut, Barnstable, MA 02630 USA. RI Jelenak, Zorana/F-5596-2010; Frasier, Stephen/H-1536-2015 OI Jelenak, Zorana/0000-0003-0510-2973; Frasier, Stephen/0000-0003-4287-2889 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2539 EP 2542 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5651890 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802176 ER PT J AU Atlas, R AF Atlas, Robert GP IEEE TI REVIEW OF OBSERVING SYSTEM SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS TO EVALUATE THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF LIDAR WINDS ON WEATHER PREDICTION SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE OSSE; lidar; wind; weather AB Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) are an important tool for evaluating the potential impact of proposed new observing systems, as well as for evaluating trade-offs in observing system design, and in developing and assessing improved methodology for assimilating new observations. Extensive OSSEs have been conducted at NASA/GSFC and NOAA/AOML in collaboration with Simpson Weather Associates and operational data assimilation centers over the last 25 years. These OSSEs determined correctly the quantitative potential for several proposed satellite observing systems to improve weather prediction prior to their launch, and evaluated trade-offs in orbits, coverage, and accuracy for space-based wind lidars. In this paper, we summarize OSSE methodology and present results from OSSEs to assess the potential impact of lidar winds. C1 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Atlas, R (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM robert.atlas@noaa.gov NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2587 EP 2590 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5654376 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802188 ER PT S AU Allan, GR Hasselbrack, W Riris, H Abshire, JB Weaver, C Mao, JP Sun, XL Andrews, AE AF Allan, Graham R. Hasselbrack, William Riris, Haris Abshire, James B. Weaver, Clark Mao, Jianping Sun, Xiaoli Andrews, Arlyn E. GP IEEE TI REMOTE SENSING ATMOSPHERIC CO2 COLUMN ABUNDANCE USING AN AIRBORNE PULSED LASER SOUNDER AT 13 KM ALTITUDE SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Planetary atmospheres; Carbon Dioxide; Spectroscopy; Laser radar AB Accurate global measurements of tropospheric Carbon Dioxide abundance to the "parts per million" (ppm) level is required to better quantify processes that regulate CO2 exchange between atmosphere, land and ocean. To measure CO2 globally NASA has planned the ASCENDS mission, Active Sensing of CO2 Emissions over Nights, Days and Seasons. We report on an airborne laser-based remote sensing instrument we have developed at NASA-GSFC as a candidate for the ACENDS mission. Preliminary analyses of data from initial flight testing to 13 km altitude indicates a CO2 mixing ratio of 396 ppm from CO2 column abundance where in situ sensors determine 390 ppm mixing ratio. C1 [Allan, Graham R.; Hasselbrack, William] Sigma Space Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Riris, Haris; Abshire, James B.; Sun, Xiaoli] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Weaver, Clark; Mao, Jianping] Univ Maryland, GEST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Andrews, Arlyn E.] NOAA, ESRL, GMD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Allan, GR (reprint author), Sigma Space Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM graham.allan@nasa.gov RI Riris, Haris/D-1004-2013; Abshire, James/I-2800-2013; Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012; Allan, Graham/D-3905-2013 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2595 EP 2598 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5649889 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802190 ER PT S AU Schroeder, W Csiszar, I Giglio, L Ellicott, E Schmidt, CC Hoffman, JP Lindstrom, S AF Schroeder, Wilfrid Csiszar, Ivan Giglio, Louis Ellicott, Evan Schmidt, Christopher C. Hoffman, Jay P. Lindstrom, Scott GP IEEE TI EARLY CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ACTIVE FIRE DETECTION PRODUCTS DERIVED FROM THE NEXT GENERATION NPOESS/VIIRS AND GOES-R/ABI INSTRUMENTS SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Remote Sensing; Fires; Validation ID MODIS AB In this study, we discuss the early characterization of the active fire products derived from NPOESS/VIIRS and GOES-R ABI proxy data generated using ASTER and MODIS L1B input data, respectively. Improvements in spatial resolution of both VIIRS and ABI instruments result in higher probability of detection compared to their predecessors (MODIS and GOES Imager, respectively). The onboard pixel aggregation scheme that will be applied to VIIRS M15 band used by the fire algorithm shall reduce the probability of fire detection for relatively small fires compared to the unaggregated data, whereas the lower saturation temperature of band M15 could result in more frequent ambiguous fire detection information. C1 [Schroeder, Wilfrid] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Csiszar, Ivan] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Appl & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Giglio, Louis] Sci Syst & Appl Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Schmidt, Christopher C.; Hoffman, Jay P.; Lindstrom, Scott] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Stud, Madison, WI USA. RP Schroeder, W (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Csiszar, Ivan/D-2396-2010 FU NPOESS Integrated Program Office (IPO); GOES-R program through Algorithm Working Group at NOAA/NESDIS's Center for Satellite Applications and Research FX This work is being supported by the NPOESS Integrated Program Office (IPO) and the GOES-R program through the Algorithm Working Group at NOAA/NESDISs Center for Satellite Applications and Research. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2683 EP 2686 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5650863 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802213 ER PT S AU Nunziata, F Li, X Migliaccio, M Montuori, A Pichel, W AF Nunziata, F. Li, X. Migliaccio, M. Montuori, A. Pichel, W. GP IEEE TI METALLIC OBJECTS AND OIL SPILL DETECTION WITH MULTI-POLARIZATION SAR SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE SAR; polarimetry; metallic object; oil spill AB In this study, two innovative physically-based approaches have been developed to detect man-made metallic objects and oil slicks in polarimetric SAR data. They are based on the different sea surface scattering mechanisms expected with and without oil slicks and metallic objects. Experiments, accomplished over Single Look Complex (SLC) Level 1.1 quad-pol L-band ALOS PALSAR SAR data, demonstrate the effectiveness of the two approaches for oil slick and metallic target detection purposes and witness the capability of ALOS PALSAR data for such applications. C1 [Nunziata, F.; Migliaccio, M.; Montuori, A.] Univ Napoli Parthenope, I-80143 Naples, Italy. [Li, X.] NOAA NESDIS, IMSG, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Pichel, W.] NOAA NESDIS, STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Nunziata, F (reprint author), Univ Napoli Parthenope, I-80143 Naples, Italy. RI Nunziata, Ferdinando/D-4054-2012; OI Nunziata, Ferdinando/0000-0003-4567-0377; migliaccio, maurizio/0000-0002-8363-3502; Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2765 EP 2768 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5648999 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802234 ER PT S AU Wang, LK Goldberg, M Liu, XP Zhou, LH AF Wang, Likun Goldberg, Mitch Liu, Xingpin Zhou, Lihang GP IEEE TI Assessment of Reanalysis Datasets Using AIRS and IASI Hyperspectral Radiances SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE AIRS; Reanalysis; Validation; Radiances AB Modern reanalysis datasets provide us with the best available four-dimensional, homogeneous datasets for studying the climate and weather systems and for possible validation of climate models. In order to have confidence in the use of reanalysis data for the above-mentioned studies, it is important to see how they compare with a common dataset with high data quality and to understand any discrepancies among them. In this study, the radiance measurements from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on NASA Aqua are used to assess the data quality of reanalysis datasets, including NASA's Modern Era Retrospective-analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA), European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast's ERA-Interim Reanalysis, Japanese 25-year Reanalysis (JRA-25). Particularly, we focus on the spectral signature regions that are sensitive to stratosphere temperature and upper troposphere water vapor. The preliminary results on are presented. C1 [Wang, Likun; Liu, Xingpin] Dell Perot Syst Govt Serv, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. [Goldberg, Mitch] NOAA NESDIS, STAR, Marietta, GA 20746 USA. [Zhou, Lihang] NOAA, NPOESS IPO, Silver Spring, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Wang, LK (reprint author), Dell Perot Syst Govt Serv, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. RI Wang, Likun/B-7524-2008 OI Wang, Likun/0000-0001-5646-9746 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2936 EP 2939 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5650744 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933803021 ER PT S AU Hamlington, BD Leben, RR Godin, OA Irisov, VG AF Hamlington, B. D. Leben, R. R. Godin, O. A. Irisov, V. G. GP IEEE TI ON THE FEASIBILITY OF TSUNAMI DETECTION USING SATELLITE-BASED SEA SURFACE ROUGHNESS MEASUREMENTS SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE tsunami detection; satellite altimetry ID OPEN-OCEAN; ALTIMETRY AB Observations of tsunamis away from shore are critical for improving early warning systems and understanding of tsunami generation and propagation. Using analysis already applied to the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman tsunami, we positively identify the 2010 Chilean tsunami in satellite altimeter measurements of sea surface roughness. Use of radar backscattering strength measurements from satellite altimeters would be impractical for tsunami detection and early warning purposes due to the limited temporal and spatial resolution. On the other hand, it is likely that tsunami-induced changes in sea surface roughness are observable with other types of space-and airborne sensors that sense sea surface roughness over much wider swaths. With this in mind, we explore the feasibility of using existing instruments and technology as the basis for a tsunami detection and early warning system. C1 [Hamlington, B. D.; Leben, R. R.] Univ Colorado, Colorado Ctr Astrodynam Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Godin, O. A.; Irisov, V. G.] Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Godin, O. A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Hamlington, BD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Colorado Ctr Astrodynam Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Godin, Oleg/E-6554-2011 OI Godin, Oleg/0000-0003-4599-2149 NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 3035 EP 3038 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5652522 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933803046 ER PT J AU Atlas, R AF Atlas, Robert GP IEEE TI APPLICATION OF REMOTELY SENSED WIND MEASUREMENTS TO OCEAN SURFACE WIND ANALYSES SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE microwave radiometry; scatterometry AB The assimilation and validation of cross-calibrated, multi-satellite ocean surface wind data is described. The principal data set covers the global ocean for the twenty-two year period from 1987 through 2009 with six-hour and 25-km resolution. This data set is produced by combining all ocean surface wind speed observations from SSM/I, AMSR-E, and TMI, and all ocean surface wind vector observations from QuikSCAT and SeaWinds. An enhanced variational analysis method (VAM) performs quality control and combines these data with available ship and buoy data and ECMWF analyses. The VAM analyses fit the data used very closely and contain small-scale structures not present in operational analyses. Comparisons with withheld observations are also shown to be very good. These data should be extremely useful to atmospheric and oceanic research, and to air-sea interaction studies. C1 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Atlas, R (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM robert.atlas@noaa.gov NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 3538 EP 3540 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5652511 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933803173 ER PT S AU Cardellach, E Rius, A Cerezo, F Garcia-Primo, MA de la Torre-Juarez, M Cucurull, L Ector, D AF Cardellach, E. Rius, A. Cerezo, F. Garcia-Primo, M. A. de la Torre-Juarez, M. Cucurull, L. Ector, D. GP IEEE TI POLARIMETRIC GNSS RADIO-OCCULTATIONS FOR HEAVY RAIN DETECTION SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE GNSS; GNSS Remote Sensing; GNSS Radio-Occultations; Atmospheric Profiles; Heavy Precipitation AB A Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Radio-Occultation (RO) experiment is being accommodated in the Spanish Low Earth Orbiter (LEO) for Earth Observation PAZ. The RO-payload will provide globally distributed vertical thermodynamic profiles of the Atmosphere in Near Real-Time (NRT) suitable to be assimilated into Weather Numerical Prediction Models. The NRT operability will be dispensed by the Ground Segment services of the U. S. A. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Moreover, the mission will run, for the first time from Space, a double-polarization GNSS experiment, to assess the capabilities of polarimetric GNSS-RO for detection of heavy rain events. C1 [Cardellach, E.; Rius, A.] ICE CSIC IEEC, Inst Ciencies Espai, Barcelona, Spain. [Cerezo, F.; Garcia-Primo, M. A.] HISDESAT, Madrid, Spain. [de la Torre-Juarez, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Cucurull, L.; Ector, D.] NOAA, Washington, DC USA. RP Cardellach, E (reprint author), ICE CSIC IEEC, Inst Ciencies Espai, Barcelona, Spain. RI Cardellach, Estel/C-9418-2012; Cucurull, Lidia/E-8900-2015 OI Cardellach, Estel/0000-0001-8908-0972; FU Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [ACI2009-1023, AYA2008-05906-C02-02/ESP]; E.C; Ramon y Cajal Programme FX ROHPP is funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, projects ACI2009-1023 and AYA2008-05906-C02-02/ESP. E.C. is funded by the Ramon y Cajal Programme. The ground campaign antenna is provided by the UPC. Part of this research is carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Members of the ROHPP International Science Team have contributed to the scientific requirements of the ROHPP, ROHPP proposal, and the ground campaign definition (particuarly to J. Turk, R. Kursinski, and T. Meehan). Figure 5 was generated with data provided by CLABSA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 3841 EP 3844 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5650907 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933803250 ER PT S AU Fusina, RA Fry, JC Nichols, CR Bachmann, CM Li, RR Sellars, J Parrish, C Montes, MJ Gross, C White, SA Lee, K Jones, CA AF Fusina, Robert A. Fry, John C. Nichols, C. Reid Bachmann, Charles M. Li, Rong-Rong Sellars, Jon Parrish, Chris Montes, Marcos J. Gross, Carl White, Stephen A. Lee, Krista Jones, Christopher A. GP IEEE TI GEODATABASE DEVELOPMENT TO SUPPORT HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY EXPLOITATION SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE geodatabase; coast type; hyperspectral imagery; ground control; geospatial analysis AB Geodatabase development for coastal studies conducted by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is essential to support the exploitation of hyperspectral imagery (HSI). NRL has found that the remote sensing and mapping science community benefits from coastal classifications that group coastal types based on similar features. Selected features in project geodatabases relate to significant biological and physical forces that shape the coast. The project geodatabases help researchers understand factors that are necessary for imagery post processing, especially those features having a high degree of temporal and spatial variability. NRL project geodatabases include a hierarchy of environmental factors that extend from shallow water bottom types and beach composition to inland soil and vegetation characteristics. These geodatabases developed by NRL allow researchers to compare features among coast types. The project geodatabases may also be used to enhance littoral data archives that are sparse. This paper highlights geodatabase development for recent remote sensing experiments in barrier island, coral, and mangrove coast types. C1 [Fusina, Robert A.; Bachmann, Charles M.; Li, Rong-Rong; Montes, Marcos J.; Gross, Carl] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Coastal Sci & Interpretat Sect, Code 7232,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Fry, John C.; Nichols, C. Reid] Marine Informat Res Corp, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. [Sellars, Jon; Parrish, Chris; White, Stephen A.] NOAA NOS, Natl Geodet Surv, Remote Sensing Div, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Lee, Krista; Jones, Christopher A.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Remote Sensing Ctr, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Fusina, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Coastal Sci & Interpretat Sect, Code 7232,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bachmann@nrl.navy.mil RI Montes, Marcos/J-9239-2015 OI Montes, Marcos/0000-0002-4725-5380 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 4224 EP 4227 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5654182 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933804096 ER PT J AU Walker, DK Gu, D MacReynolds, K Direen, R Randa, J Cox, AE Houtz, D Billinger, RL AF Walker, D. K. Gu, D. MacReynolds, K. Direen, R. Randa, J. Cox, A. E. Houtz, D. Billinger, R. L. GP IEEE TI COMPARISON OF MICROWAVE BLACK-BODY TARGET RADIOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Radiometer calibration; measurement uncertainty; calibration target AB Accurate characterization of the brightness temperature (T(B)) of black-body targets used for calibrating microwave remote-sensing radiometers includes many inputs: antenna pattern and loss, target temperature, target emissivity, mechanical alignment, and radiometric T(B) measurements, all of which must be calibrated against physical standards. Here, we describe measurements made using several black-body targets and two different antennas within the WR-42 (18 to 26.5 GHz) waveguide band. Uncertainty estimates are also shown for the retrieved target T(B) measurements. C1 [Walker, D. K.; Gu, D.; MacReynolds, K.; Direen, R.; Randa, J.; Cox, A. E.; Houtz, D.; Billinger, R. L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Walker, DK (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Gu, Dazhen/B-4854-2012 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 4278 EP 4281 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5652481 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933804110 ER PT S AU Amarin, RA Jones, L Johnson, J Ruf, C Miller, TL Uhlhorn, E AF Amarin, Ruba A. Jones, Linwood Johnson, James Ruf, Chris Miller, Timothy L. Uhlhorn, Eric GP IEEE TI THE HURRICANE IMAGING RADIOMETER WIDE SWATH SIMULATION AND WIND SPEED RETRIEVALS SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE HIRAD; hurricane imaging; microwave radiometry; wind speed retrievals AB The knowledge of peak winds in hurricanes is critical to classification of hurricane intensity; therefore, there is a strong interest in the operational remote sensing of ocean surface winds for monitoring tropical storms and hurricanes, especially those which threaten landfall. Presently, the airborne Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer (SFMR) is the state-of-the-art remote sensor for providing this information in real-time, during hurricane surveillance flights. However, for the future, NASA and NOAA are collaborating in the development of the Hurricane Imaging Radiometer (HIRAD), which is a prototype of the next-generation high-flying airborne instrument for monitoring hurricanes. This paper describes a realistic end-to-end simulation of HIRAD hurricane measurements while flying on an unmanned Global Hawk aircraft. The objective of this research is to develop baseline retrieval algorithms and provide a wind speed measurement accuracy assessment for the upcoming NASA hurricane field program, Genesis and Rapid Intensification Processes (GRIP), to be conducted in 2010. C1 [Amarin, Ruba A.; Jones, Linwood; Johnson, James] Univ Cent Florida, Cent Florida Remote Sensing Lab, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Ruf, Chris] Univ Michigan, Space Phys Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Miller, Timothy L.] NASA Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA. [Uhlhorn, Eric] NOAA AOML, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. RP Amarin, RA (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Cent Florida Remote Sensing Lab, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM ramarin@mail.ucf.edu RI Ruf, Christopher/I-9463-2012 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 4290 EP 4293 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5650693 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933804113 ER PT S AU Zhan, XW Anderson, M Liu, JC AF Zhan, Xiwu Anderson, Martha Liu, Jicheng GP IEEE TI MERGING THERMAL AND MICROWAVE SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS FOR A HIGH-RESOLUTION SOIL MOISTURE DATA PRODUCT SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE C1 [Zhan, Xiwu; Liu, Jicheng] NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Anderson, Martha] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Liu, Jicheng] IMSG Inc, NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Zhan, XW (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RI Zhan, Xiwu/F-5487-2010; Liu, Jicheng/B-4575-2009; OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 4440 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5652038 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933804152 ER PT S AU Hale, PD Dienstfrey, A AF Hale, Paul D. Dienstfrey, Andrew GP IEEE TI Waveform metrology and a quantitative study of regularized deconvolution SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE I2MTC 2010, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) CY MAY 03-06, 2010 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE ID ILL-POSED PROBLEMS; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS AB We present methodology and preliminary results of a Monte-Carlo simulation to perform a quantified analysis of regularized deconvolution in the context of full waveform metrology. We analyze the behavior of different regularized inversion methods with varying dimensionless parameters that serve as indicators of the problem difficulty, including: the ratio of input pulse duration to that of the system impulse response, signal to noise ratio, pulse shape, and/or the ratio of high frequency roll-off of input to system response. We characterize the waveform estimates in terms of pulse parameters and total error, comparing different Tikhonov deconvolution algorithms as well as commonly used heuristic approaches. We present a quantitative comparison of the relative merits of the different procedures, and compare the numerical performance with asymptotic analyses. C1 [Hale, Paul D.; Dienstfrey, Andrew] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hale, PD (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM paul.hale@nist.gov; andrew.dienstfrey@nist.gov RI Hale, Paul/B-1737-2013 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 978-1-4244-2833-5 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2010 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTS80 UT WOS:000287997200077 ER PT S AU Gordon, JA Holloway, CL Jefferts, S Heavner, T AF Gordon, Joshua A. Holloway, Christopher L. Jefferts, Steve Heavner, Tom GP IEEE TI Quantum-Based SI Traceable Electric-Field Probe SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC 2010) SE IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY JUL 25-30, 2010 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL SP EMC Soc, IEEE ID SODIUM AB We are presently investigating the feasibility of developing a technique that will allow direct traceable microwave electric field (E-field) measurements. The new approach is based on atomic rf-resonance spectroscopy, where an applied electrical field causes a transition between high-lying Rydberg states of an atom. The new technique will allow direct E-field measurements traceable to fundamental physical constants and SI units. If successful, this self calibrating probe will provide more accurate field measurements along with better sensitivity than do present techniques. Direct traceable E-field measurements with sensitivities below 0.1 V/m could be possible. C1 [Gordon, Joshua A.; Holloway, Christopher L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Jefferts, Steve; Heavner, Tom] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Gordon, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jagordon@boulder.nist.gov; holloway@boulder.nist.gov; jefferts@boulder.nist.gov; heavner@boulder.nist.gov FU Jim Bergquist; Michael Thorpe; Till Rosenband; Sara Bickman; NIST; Boulder CO FX We acknowledge the support from Jim Bergquist, Michael Thorpe, Till Rosenband and Sara Bickman from the Physics Lab at NIST, Boulder CO for their generous help and use of equipment supporting this effort. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2158-110X BN 978-1-4244-6307-7 J9 IEEE INT SYMP ELEC PY 2010 BP 321 EP 324 DI 10.1109/ISEMC.2010.5711293 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BWU78 UT WOS:000294962100058 ER PT S AU Souryal, MR Novotny, DR Kuester, DG Guerrieri, JR Remley, KA AF Souryal, Michael R. Novotny, David R. Kuester, Daniel G. Guerrieri, Jeffrey R. Remley, Kate A. GP IEEE TI Impact of RF Interference between a Passive RFID System and a Frequency Hopping Communications System in the 900 MHz ISM Band SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC 2010) SE IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY JUL 25-30, 2010 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL SP EMC Soc, IEEE AB We present experimental measurements and analysis of RF interference between a passive RFID system and a generic frequency hopping communications system in the 902 MHz to 928 MHz ISM radio band. Interference in both directions is considered, RFID to communications and vice-versa, and interference mitigation strategies are assessed. Variables of interest include transmission power, antenna locations and polarization, and frequency hopping channel bandwidth and dwell time. Among the findings are the susceptibility of the RFID backscatter link to sources operating within regulatory limits, characterization of the performance asymmetry between the systems, and the constructive effect of interference to RFID at low powers. C1 [Souryal, Michael R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Novotny, David R.; Guerrieri, Jeffrey R.; Remley, Kate A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kuester, Daniel G.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Souryal, MR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM michael.souryal@nist.gov; david.novotny@nist.gov; daniel.kuester@nist.gov; jeffrey.guerrieri@nist.gov; kate.remley@nist.gov NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2158-110X BN 978-1-4244-6307-7 J9 IEEE INT SYMP ELEC PY 2010 BP 495 EP 500 DI 10.1109/ISEMC.2010.5711325 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BWU78 UT WOS:000294962100090 ER PT S AU Coder, JB Ladbury, JM Holloway, CL Remley, KA AF Coder, Jason B. Ladbury, John M. Holloway, Christopher L. Remley, Kate A. GP IEEE TI Examining the True Effectiveness of Loading a Reverberation Chamber How to Get Your Chamber Consistently Loaded SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC 2010) SE IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY JUL 25-30, 2010 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL SP EMC Soc, IEEE DE Reverberation Chambers; RF Absorber; Power Decay Time; Wireless Deivce Testing AB In this paper we explore how placing the same amount of absorber in different locations within a reverberation chamber can have different loading effects. This difference can have a significant impact on measurement reproducibility, both for measurements in the same chamber and measurements between chambers (i.e., round robin style testing). We begin by discussing some of the theories behind this and show some experimental results from different absorber placements in a reverberation chamber. We conclude with some suggestions to ensure absorber is placed consistently. C1 [Coder, Jason B.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Engn, Campus Box 104,POB 173364, Denver, CO 80217 USA. [Ladbury, John M.; Holloway, Christopher L.; Remley, Kate A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Coder, JB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Engn, Campus Box 104,POB 173364, Denver, CO 80217 USA. EM jason.coder@nist.gov; john.ladbury@nist.gov NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2158-110X BN 978-1-4244-6307-7 J9 IEEE INT SYMP ELEC PY 2010 BP 530 EP 535 DI 10.1109/ISEMC.2010.5711332 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BWU78 UT WOS:000294962100097 ER PT S AU Ladbury, JM Hill, DA AF Ladbury, John M. Hill, David A. GP IEEE TI An Improved Model for Antennas in Reverberation Chambers SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC 2010) SE IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY JUL 25-30, 2010 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL SP EMC Soc, IEEE AB We present an improved model for antennas in a reverberation chamber. The derivation of this model is more rigorous than previous derivations and models, but is still, admittedly, overly simplistic. However, this model should be applicable for a special class of antennas (those that can be modeled as an unknown 2-port network between the test port and an ideal antenna). For more realistic antennas, these models should still provide valuable insight into the possible behavior of any antenna. Using these models, we show that some previous assumptions regarding receiving characteristics (mismatch and efficiency) of an antenna are invalid: most significantly we show that there can be differences between the transmitting and receiving efficiency of an antenna, and also between the transmitting and receiving mismatch factors. However, we show that the errors are unimportant for most measurements. We also give justification for the assumption that the average reflection coefficient of an antenna in a reverberation chamber is simply the free-space reflection coefficient of the antenna. C1 [Ladbury, John M.; Hill, David A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Ladbury, JM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway MS 818-02, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM john.ladbury@nist.gov NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2158-110X BN 978-1-4244-6307-7 J9 IEEE INT SYMP ELEC PY 2010 BP 663 EP 667 DI 10.1109/ISEMC.2010.5711356 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BWU78 UT WOS:000294962100121 ER PT S AU Kuester, DG Novotny, DR Guerrieri, JR AF Kuester, Daniel G. Novotny, David R. Guerrieri, Jeffrey R. GP IEEE TI Forward and Reverse Link Constraints in UHF RFID with Passive Tags SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC 2010) SE IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY JUL 25-30, 2010 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL SP EMC Soc, IEEE AB This paper examines the relative roles of the forward and reverse links in determining the operational range of passive UHF RFID systems. Simple free space examples in free space show when the forward or reverse link may be the main range constraint in practical systems, depending on reader and tag characteristics. Measurements of transmission and scattering off of a dipole in a real environment demonstrate showed different multipath effects; transmission power fading squared disagreed with backscattered fading in the test environment by up to 8 dB within a measurement range of 2 m. C1 [Kuester, Daniel G.; Novotny, David R.; Guerrieri, Jeffrey R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kuester, DG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM daniel.kuester@nist.gov; david.novotny@nist.gov; jeffrey.guerrieri@nist.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2158-110X BN 978-1-4244-6307-7 J9 IEEE INT SYMP ELEC PY 2010 BP 680 EP 685 DI 10.1109/ISEMC.2010.5711359 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BWU78 UT WOS:000294962100124 ER PT S AU Kim, K Rice, P Kabos, P Filipovic, DS AF Kim, Kichul Rice, Paul Kabos, Pavel Filipovic, Dejan S. GP IEEE TI Full-wave Evaluation of Carbon Nanotubes as Microwave Interconnects SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC 2010) SE IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY JUL 25-30, 2010 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL SP EMC Soc, IEEE ID WIRES AB Microwave interconnect configurations composed of single wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are studied in this paper. Specifically, an atomic layer deposition (ALD) enabled nano-coaxial line with individual CNTs comprising the inner conductor, CNT Goubau line with ALD enabled alumina coating, a nano-coaxial line with inner conductor composed of CNT bundles, and Goubau lines of CNT bundles are discussed. The characteristic impedance and losses of these interconnects are compared with the similar size copper-based transmission lines. Full wave simulations with incorporated quantum effects are conducted using finite element and method of moments tools ANSYS HFSS1 and EMSS FEKO1, respectively. A thorough modeling validation, interconnect design and analysis are carried out over the wide microwave spectrum. Obtained results clearly show that although their inherent loss and impedance are high, the CNT interconnects can indeed outperform their copper counterparts with lower loss and impedance, and that observation is reinforced with decreasing the CNT radius. C1 [Kim, Kichul; Filipovic, Dejan S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, 425 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rice, Paul] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO USA. [Kabos, Pavel] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. RP Kim, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, 425 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM kkkim@colorado.edu; pavel.kabos@nist.gov; dejan@colorado.edu FU DARPA Center on Nanoscale Science and Technology for Integrated Micro/Nano-Electromechanical Transducers (iMINT); DARPAN/MEMS S&T Fundamentals Program [HR0011-06-1-0048] FX The studies conducted by the authors from the University of Colorado-Boulder are supported by the DARPA Center on Nanoscale Science and Technology for Integrated Micro/Nano-Electromechanical Transducers (iMINT) funded by DARPAN/MEMS S&T Fundamentals Program (HR0011-06-1-0048) (Dr. D. L. Polla, Program Manager). NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2158-110X BN 978-1-4244-6307-7 J9 IEEE INT SYMP ELEC PY 2010 BP 853 EP 856 DI 10.1109/ISEMC.2010.5711391 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BWU78 UT WOS:000294962100156 ER PT S AU Maximoff, JR Trela, MD Kuhn, DR Kacker, R AF Maximoff, Joshua R. Trela, Michael D. Kuhn, D. Richard Kacker, Raghu GP IEEE TI A Method for Analyzing System State-space Coverage within a t-Wise Testing Framework SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEMS CONFERENCE SE Annual IEEE Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th IEEE International Systems Conference CY APR 05-08, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Syst Council, Int Council Syst Engn DE state-space coverage; verification and validation (V&V); t-wise testing; partial t-wise testing; configuration model; component interaction failure AB Inadequate state-space coverage of complex configurable systems during test phases is an area of concern for systems engineers. Determining the state-space coverage of a proposed or executed test suite traditionally involves qualitative assessment, rendering meaningful comparative analysis between tests for a given system or across multiple systems difficult. We propose a method for assessing state-space coverage of a test suite utilizing t-wise testing, a combinatorial technique borrowed from the software testing community which generalizes pair-wise testing. We refine traditional notions of a t-wise test suite to analyze the configuration coverage of a test plan. This provides a methodology and a set of metrics to assess both the level and the distribution of state-space coverage. We detail a proof-of-concept experiment using this partial t-wise coverage framework to analyze Integration and Test (I& T) data from three separate NASA spacecraft. C1 [Maximoff, Joshua R.] JHU APL, Embedded Applicat Grp, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Trela, Michael D.] JHU APL, Syst Engn Grp, Laurel, MD USA. [Kuhn, D. Richard] NIST, Comp Secur Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kacker, Raghu] NIST, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Maximoff, JR (reprint author), JHU APL, Embedded Applicat Grp, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM joshua.maximoff@jhuapl.edu; michael.trela@jhuapl.edu; d.kuhn@nist.gov; raghu.kacker@nist.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-7620 BN 978-1-4244-5883-7 J9 ANN IEEE SYST CONF PY 2010 BP 598 EP 603 DI 10.1109/SYSTEMS.2010.5482481 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BH0DQ UT WOS:000394671800100 ER PT S AU Rocas, E Collado, C Orloff, N Booth, JC AF Rocas, Eduard Collado, Carlos Orloff, Nathan Booth, James C. GP IEEE TI Third-Order Intermodulation Distortion due to Self-heating in Gold Coplanar Waveguides SO 2010 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST (MTT) SE IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest CY MAY 23-28, 2010 CL Anaheim, CA SP IEEE DE Coplanar waveguides; nonlinearities; electrothermal effects; intermodulation distortion ID RF POWER AB We present measurements and modeling of a self-heating mechanism responsible for third-order intermodulation distortion in coplanar waveguide transmission lines. Temperature variations, at the envelope frequency of the input signal, induce dynamic changes in the distributed resistance that, when mixed with the fundamental tones, give rise to intermodulation. C1 [Rocas, Eduard; Collado, Carlos] Univ Politecn Cataluna, ES-08034 Barcelona, Cat, Spain. [Rocas, Eduard; Collado, Carlos; Orloff, Nathan; Booth, James C.] Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Rocas, E (reprint author), Univ Politecn Cataluna, ES-08034 Barcelona, Cat, Spain. RI collado, carlos/B-1651-2010 OI collado, carlos/0000-0002-8869-2739 FU Spanish Government (CICYT) [TEC-2006-13248-C04- 02ITCM]; Generalitat de Catalunya [2008- BE2-00196]; [BES-2007-16775] FX This work was partially supported by the Spanish Government (CICYT) under Grant TEC-2006-13248-C04- 02ITCM. E.R. thanks the support from BES-2007-16775. C.C thanks the support from Generalitat de Catalunya, grant 2008- BE2-00196. The authors thank David Novotny for his help in performing this work. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 978-1-4244-6057-1 J9 IEEE MTT S INT MICR PY 2010 BP 425 EP 428 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTV71 UT WOS:000288196500109 ER PT S AU Kim, K Wallis, TM Rice, P Chiang, CJ Imtiaz, A Kabos, P Filipovic, DS AF Kim, Kichul Wallis, T. Mitch Rice, Paul Chiang, Chin-Jen Imtiaz, Atif Kabos, Pavel Filipovic, Dejan S. GP IEEE TI Modeling and Metrology of Metallic Nanowires with Application to Microwave Interconnects SO 2010 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST (MTT) SE IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest CY MAY 23-28, 2010 CL Anaheim, CA SP IEEE DE Interconnects; nanowires; modeling; measurement; conductivity; contact impedance AB Broadband characterization of individual metallic nanowires for microwave interconnect applications is discussed. Circuit and method of moments (MoM) modeling are benchmarked using a set of coplanar waveguide (CPW) test devices with Au microwire (MW) interconnect and air gaps in the middle of the CPW. Comparison with measurements reveals significantly larger errors from circuit models though all dimensions are much smaller than wavelength. Similar CPW devices hosting 100 nm and 250 nm diameter Pt nanowires (NWs) are then investigated to determine the ranges of conductivity and contact resistance for each Pt NW. An algorithm that utilizes the transmission line theory and different nanowire lengths to determine the actual conductivity and contact resistance is proposed and validated. C1 [Kim, Kichul; Filipovic, Dejan S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wallis, T. Mitch; Kabos, Pavel] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Rice, Paul] Univ Colorado, Dept Engn Mech, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Chiang, Chin-Jen] Natl Changhua Univ Educ, Changhua 500, Taiwan. RP Kim, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 978-1-4244-6057-1 J9 IEEE MTT S INT MICR PY 2010 BP 1292 EP 1295 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTV71 UT WOS:000288196501094 ER PT S AU Yeary, M Crain, G Zahrai, A Kelley, R Meier, J Zhang, Y Ivic, I Curtis, C Palmer, R Yu, TY Doviak, R AF Yeary, M. Crain, G. Zahrai, A. Kelley, R. Meier, J. Zhang, Y. Ivic, I. Curtis, C. Palmer, R. Yu, T. -Y. Doviak, R. GP IEEE TI Phased Array Weather/Multipurpose Radar SO 2010 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 10-14, 2010 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE ID SPACED-ANTENNA INTERFEROMETRY AB The first phased array radar dedicated to weather observation and analysis is now instrumented with eight, simultaneous digital receivers. The addition of these additional channels will enable the use of advanced signal processing to improve signal/clutter in an adaptive mode. Elimination of strong point and ground clutter returns from the low-level, volumetrically distributed weather cell returns is a new application of adaptive processing. The NSF funded 8-channel receiver has been added to the National Weather Radar Testbed (NWRT) system in Norman, OK to enable operation as a multifunction and/or adaptive processing system. This paper will describe the system concept, system installation and early results from fielded weather data returns. C1 [Yeary, M.; Crain, G.; Kelley, R.; Meier, J.; Zhang, Y.; Palmer, R.; Yu, T. -Y.] Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Zahrai, A.; Meier, J.; Ivic, I.; Curtis, C.; Doviak, R.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Yeary, M (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. FU National Science Foundation's Major Research Instrumentation (MRI) [ATM-0723132] FX Partial support for this work was provided by the National Science Foundation's Major Research Instrumentation (MRI) program under grant ATM-0723132 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-5812-7 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2010 BP 140 EP 143 DI 10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494638 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTO60 UT WOS:000287532500028 ER PT S AU Donley, EA AF Donley, E. A. GP IEEE TI Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Gyroscopes SO 2010 IEEE SENSORS SE IEEE Sensors LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE Sensors Conference CY NOV 01-04, 2010 CL Kona, HI SP IEEE ID LEVEL CROSSING RESONANCES; RUBIDIUM VAPOR; SPIN-EXCHANGE; GAS NUCLEI; HE-3 GAS; XE-131; POLARIZATION; ATOMS; RELAXATION; PHASE AB Nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscopes (NMRGs) detect rotation as a shift in the Larmor precession frequency of nuclear spins. A review of the open literature on NMRGs is presented, which includes an introduction to the spectroscopic techniques that enable NMRGs and a discussion of the design details for several specific NMRGs that have been built. C1 NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Donley, EA (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM edonley@boulder.nist.gov RI Donley, Elizabeth/A-4525-2010 NR 70 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 34 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-0395 BN 978-1-4244-8168-2 J9 IEEE SENSOR PY 2010 BP 17 EP 22 DI 10.1109/ICSENS.2010.5690983 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTS59 UT WOS:000287982100004 ER PT S AU Raman, B Shenoy, R Meier, DC Benkstein, KD Semancik, S AF Raman, Baranidharan Shenoy, Rupa Meier, Douglas C. Benkstein, Kurt D. Semancik, Steve GP IEEE TI A MEMS-Based Approach that Uses Temperature-Dependent Sensing Responses to Recognize Chemical Targets in Untrained Backgrounds SO 2010 IEEE SENSORS SE IEEE Sensors LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE Sensors Conference CY NOV 01-04, 2010 CL Kona, HI SP IEEE ID SENSORS; MODEL AB A major practical challenge for solid state microsensors is the detection of trace chemical species over time and in complex gas-phase backgrounds. We describe a MEMS-based, chemiresistive technology that has succeeded in such problems by combining oxide nanomaterials on microscale platforms, acquisition of dense temperature-dependent response data streams, and novel signal processing methods. Unlike the operation and analysis employed with many electronic noses, our higher dimensional approach captures surface electronic implications of changing adsorptive/reactive phenomena caused by rapid thermal cycling. Here, we demonstrate new capabilities for recognizing toxic targets over extended time periods, even in untrained backgrounds that contain aggressive contaminants at higher concentrations. The approach involves a moving-window, correlation-based methodology to identify chemical events and decouple the foreground conditions from the background. C1 [Raman, Baranidharan] Washington Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Shenoy, Rupa; Meier, Douglas C.; Benkstein, Kurt D.; Semancik, Steve] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Raman, B (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM steves@nist.gov FU U.S. Department of Homeland Security; Science and Technology Directorate; NIH(NIBIB)- NIST Joint Postdoctoral Associateship Award administered through the National Research Council FX We acknowledge partial financial support of this project by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate. BR was supported by a NIH(NIBIB)- NIST Joint Postdoctoral Associateship Award administered through the National Research Council. We also thank Mike Carrier and Chip Montgomery for their valuable contributions to this project. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-0395 BN 978-1-4244-8168-2 J9 IEEE SENSOR PY 2010 BP 1262 EP 1266 DI 10.1109/ICSENS.2010.5690597 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTS59 UT WOS:000287982100279 ER PT S AU Perez, MA Knappe, S Kitching, J AF Perez, Maximillian A. Knappe, Svenja Kitching, John GP IEEE TI MEMS Techniques for the Parallel Fabrication of Chip Scale Atomic Devices SO 2010 IEEE SENSORS SE IEEE Sensors LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE Sensors Conference CY NOV 01-04, 2010 CL Kona, HI SP IEEE ID VAPOR CELLS; FREQUENCY REFERENCES; MAGNETOMETER; CLOCKS AB The Atomic Devices and Instrumentation Group at NIST Boulder is working with the MEMS and Nanotechnology Exchange (MNX) to develop an Atomic MEMS process technology module for Chip Scale Atomic Devices (CSADs). Such devices are of continuing research interest as a key technology in a number of U. S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) programs and are being investigated for use in advanced frequency referencing, magnetometry and inertial sensing. The pursued module is designed to reduce development time and cost in CSAD research programs by providing a proven process to fabricate the elements commonly needed in most CSAD projects at the wafer level. The integrated platform provides thermal isolation, cell heating and electromagnetic control forming a 'smart' package for miniature atomic vapor cells. This paper describes the design of the package made available through the MNX module. The device will able to thermally stabilize a vapor cell at 150 C with less than 5 mW of heater power. In addition, a system is currently under development at NIST Boulder designed to allow wafer-level, parallel fabrication of micromachined atomic vapor cells. The fabrication system will be suitable for use in the R&D fabrication facilities, such as those comprising the MNX network. C1 [Perez, Maximillian A.; Knappe, Svenja; Kitching, John] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Devices & Instrumentat Grp, Boulder, CO USA. RP Perez, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Devices & Instrumentat Grp, Boulder, CO USA. EM max.perez@nist.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-0395 BN 978-1-4244-8168-2 J9 IEEE SENSOR PY 2010 BP 2155 EP 2158 DI 10.1109/ICSENS.2010.5690546 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTS59 UT WOS:000287982100475 ER PT S AU Afridi, MY Geist, J AF Afridi, M. Yaqub Geist, Jon GP IEEE TI MEMS Microhotplate Temperature Sensor BIST: Importance and Applications SO 2010 IEEE SENSORS SE IEEE Sensors LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE Sensors Conference CY NOV 01-04, 2010 CL Kona, HI SP IEEE AB This paper describe the importance of temperature sensor built-in self test (BIST) for microhotplate-based sensors. It shows possible ways to implement BIST functionality for microhotplate temperature sensors, including resistance temperature detectors (RTD), microhotplate thermal efficiency, and Thermocouples. A calibration technique is discussed and conclusions are given. C1 [Afridi, M. Yaqub; Geist, Jon] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Afridi, MY (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM afridi@nist.gov; Jon.geist@nist.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-0395 BN 978-1-4244-8168-2 J9 IEEE SENSOR PY 2010 BP 2159 EP 2160 DI 10.1109/ICSENS.2010.5690549 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTS59 UT WOS:000287982100476 ER PT S AU Krasnopolsky, VM Fox-Rabinovitz, MS Belochitski, AA AF Krasnopolsky, Vladimir M. Fox-Rabinovitz, Michael S. Belochitski, Alexei A. GP IEEE TI Development of Neural Network Convection Parameterizations for Numerical Climate and Weather Prediction Models using Cloud Resolving Model Simulations SO 2010 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS IJCNN 2010 SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT World Congress on Computational Intelligence (WCCI 2010) CY 2010 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE ID UNCERTAINTIES; EMULATION; RADIATION; ACCURATE; LONGWAVE AB A novel approach based on the neural network (NN) technique is formulated and used for development of a NN ensemble stochastic convection parameterization for numerical climate and weather prediction models. This fast parameterization is built based on data from Cloud Resolving Model (CRM) simulations initialized with TOGA-COARE data. CRM emulated data are averaged and projected onto the General Circulation Model (GCM) space of atmospheric states to implicitly define a stochastic convection parameterization. This parameterization is comprised as an ensemble of neural networks. The developed NNs are trained and tested. The inherent uncertainty of the stochastic convection parameterization derived in such a way is estimated. The major challenges of development of stochastic NN parameterizations are discussed based on our initial results. C1 [Krasnopolsky, Vladimir M.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Fox-Rabinovitz, Michael S.; Belochitski, Alexei A.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Krasnopolsky, VM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Vladimir.Krasnopolsky@noaa.gov; foxrab@essic.umd.edu; foxrab@essic.umd.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2161-4393 BN 978-1-4244-6917-8 J9 IEEE IJCNN PY 2010 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BTN74 UT WOS:000287421403135 ER PT J AU Zhang, F Cheung, KP Campbell, JP Suehle, J AF Zhang, F. Cheung, K. P. Campbell, J. P. Suehle, J. GP IEEE TI Frequency-Dependent Charge-Pumping: The Depth Question Revisited SO 2010 INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM SE INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Reliability Physics Symposium CY APR 10-14, 2011 CL Monterey, CA DE frequency dependent charge pumping ID OXIDE TRAPS AB A popular defect depth-profiling technique, frequency-dependent charge-pumping is carefully re-examined. Without complicated math of modeling, the physics behind the technique is examined clearly. It is shown that there is no unique relationship between the measurement frequency and the probed depth. The conclusion is that frequency-dependent charge-pumping is not a defect depth-profiling technique. C1 [Zhang, F.; Cheung, K. P.; Campbell, J. P.; Suehle, J.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhang, F (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kpckpc@ieee.org NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5431-0 J9 INT REL PHY PY 2010 BP 804 EP 806 DI 10.1109/IRPS.2010.5488731 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BTO50 UT WOS:000287515600131 ER PT J AU Campbell, JP Cheung, KP Yu, LC Suehle, JS Sheng, K Oates, A AF Campbell, J. P. Cheung, K. P. Yu, L. C. Suehle, J. S. Sheng, K. Oates, A. GP IEEE TI New Methods for the Direct Extraction of Mobility and Series Resistance from a Single Ultra-Scaled Device SO 2010 SYMPOSIUM ON VLSI TECHNOLOGY, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS SE Symposium on VLSI Technology-Digest of Technical Papers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on VLSI Technology (VLSIT) CY JUN 15-17, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc (EDS), Japan Soc Appl Phys (JSAP) ID MAGNETORESISTANCE; TRANSISTORS C1 [Campbell, J. P.; Cheung, K. P.; Yu, L. C.; Suehle, J. S.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yu, L. C.; Sheng, K.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Oates, A.] TSMC Ltd, Hsinchu 300-77, Taiwan. RP Campbell, JP (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kpckpc@ieee.org NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-7637-4 J9 S VLSI TECH PY 2010 BP 75 EP + DI 10.1109/VLSIT.2010.5556178 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BTO43 UT WOS:000287495500027 ER PT S AU Borkowski, M Ciurylo, R Julienne, PS Tojo, S Enomoto, K Takahashi, Y AF Borkowski, M. Ciurylo, R. Julienne, P. S. Tojo, S. Enomoto, K. Takahashi, Y. BE Lewis, JKC PredoiCross, A TI Influence of ground-state scattering properties on photoassociation spectra near the intercombination line of bosonic ytterbium SO 20TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SPECTRAL LINE SHAPES SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Spectral Line Shapes CY JUN 06-11, 2010 CL Memorial Univ Newfoundland, St Johns, CANADA SP Memorial Univ Newfoundland, Univ Lethbridge, Atlantic Computat Excellence Network, City St Johns, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys (IUPAP), Int Union Pure & Appl Chem (IUPAC) HO Memorial Univ Newfoundland DE ultracold atomic collisions; molecular potentials; photoassociation spectroscopy; shape resonances ID SPECTROSCOPY; COLLISIONS AB We study theoretically the properties of photoassociation spectra near the S-1(0)-P-3(1) intercombination line of bosonic ytterbium. We construct a mass scaled model of the excited state interaction potential that well describes bound state energies obtained in a previous photoassociation experiment. We then use it to calculate theoretical photoassociation spectra in a range of ultracold temperatures using semianalytical theory developed by Bohn and Julienne. Photoassociation spectra not only give us the energies of excited bound states, but also provide information about the behavior of the ground state wavefunction. In fact, it can be shown that within the so-called reflection approximation the line intensity is proportional to the ground state wavefunction at the transition's Condon point. We show that in the case of ytterbium, the rotational structure of the photoassociation spectra depends heavily on the behavior of the ground-state wavefunction. The change of the scattering length from one isotope to another and the resulting occurence of shape resonances in higher partial waves determines the appearance and disapperance of rotational components, especially in the deeper lying states, whose respective Condon points lie near the ground state centrifugal barrier. Thus, photoassociation spectra differ qualitatively between isotopes. C1 [Borkowski, M.; Ciurylo, R.] Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika, Inst Fizyki, Ul Grudziadzka, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. [Julienne, P. S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Julienne, P. S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tojo, S.] Gakushuin Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1718588, Japan. [Enomoto, K.] Toyama Univ, Dept Phys, Toyama 9308588, Japan. [Takahashi, Y.] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. RP Borkowski, M (reprint author), Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika, Inst Fizyki, Ul Grudziadzka, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. RI Borkowski, Mateusz/C-2499-2013; Ciurylo, Roman/G-8680-2014; Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-73540-845-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1290 BP 34 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3517578 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BTH77 UT WOS:000286948500006 ER PT S AU Borkowski, M Ciurylo, R Julienne, PS Tojo, S Enomoto, K Takahashi, Y AF Borkowski, M. Ciurylo, R. Julienne, P. S. Tojo, S. Enomoto, K. Takahashi, Y. BE Lewis, JKC PredoiCross, A TI Influence of ground-state scattering properties on photoassociation spectra near the intercombination line of bosonic ytterbium SO 20TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SPECTRAL LINE SHAPES SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Spectral Line Shapes CY JUN 06-11, 2010 CL Memorial Univ Newfoundland, St Johns, CANADA SP Memorial Univ Newfoundland, Univ Lethbridge, Atlantic Computat Excellence Network, City St Johns, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys (IUPAP), Int Union Pure & Appl Chem (IUPAC) HO Memorial Univ Newfoundland DE ultracold atomic collisions; molecular potentials; photoassociation spectroscopy; shape resonances ID SPECTROSCOPY; COLLISIONS AB We study theoretically the properties of photoassociation spectra near the S-1(0)-P-3(1) intercombination line of bosonic ytterbium. We construct a mass scaled model of the excited state interaction potential that well describes bound state energies obtained in a previous photoassociation experiment. We then use it to calculate theoretical photoassociation spectra in a range of ultracold temperatures using semianalytical theory developed by Bohn and Julienne. Photoassociation spectra not only give us the energies of excited bound states, but also provide information about the behavior of the ground state wavefunction. In fact, it can be shown that within the so-called reflection approximation the line intensity is proportional to the ground state wavefunction at the transition's Condon point. We show that in the case of ytterbium, the rotational structure of the photoassociation spectra depends heavily on the behavior of the ground-state wavefunction. The change of the scattering length from one isotope to another and the resulting occurence of shape resonances in higher partial waves determines the appearance and disapperance of rotational components, especially in the deeper lying states, whose respective Condon points lie near the ground state centrifugal barrier. Thus, photoassociation spectra differ qualitatively between isotopes. C1 [Borkowski, M.; Ciurylo, R.] Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika, Inst Fizyki, Ul Grudziadzka 5-7, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. [Julienne, P. S.] Univ Maryland, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tojo, S.] Gakushuin Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Tokyo, 1718588, Japan. [Enomoto, K.] Univ Toyama, Dept Phys, Toyama, 9308555, Japan. [Takahashi, Y.] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. RP Borkowski, M (reprint author), Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika, Inst Fizyki, Ul Grudziadzka 5-7, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. RI Borkowski, Mateusz/C-2499-2013; Ciurylo, Roman/G-8680-2014; Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 FU JSPS [18204035]; GCOE; MEXT of Japan; Office of Naval Research; National Laboratory FAMO in Torun, Poland; Polish MNISW [N N202 1489 33] FX This work was partially supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research of JSPS (18204035) and GCOE "The Next Generation of Physics, Spun from Universality and Emergence" from MEXT of Japan. PSJ was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research. The research is part of the program of the National Laboratory FAMO in Torun, Poland and partially supported by the Polish MNISW (Project No. N N202 1489 33). NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0845-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1290 BP 34 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3517578 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BTG70 UT WOS:000286908200006 ER PT S AU Bielska, K Havey, DK Scace, GE Lisak, D Hodges, JT AF Bielska, K. Havey, D. K. Scace, G. E. Lisak, D. Hodges, J. T. BE Lewis, JKC PredoiCross, A TI Application of precise line shape measurements to determine the vapor pressure of ice in the temperature range from 0 to-70 degrees C SO 20TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SPECTRAL LINE SHAPES SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Spectral Line Shapes CY JUN 06-11, 2010 CL Memorial Univ Newfoundland, St Johns, CANADA SP Memorial Univ Newfoundland, Univ Lethbridge, Atlantic Computat Excellence Network, City St Johns, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys (IUPAP), Int Union Pure & Appl Chem (IUPAC) HO Memorial Univ Newfoundland DE vapor pressure of ice; spectral line shapes; CRDS ID WATER AB We performed spectroscopic measurement of the vapor pressure of ice. We describe an experimental method that enables such a measurement over a wide temperature range that covers the change of the vapor pressure of ice by a few orders of magnitude. Our preliminary results have relative uncertainties at the sub-percent level and are compared to correlations given by Wexler [A. Wexler, J. Res. NBS 81A, 5 (1977)] and Marti and Mauersberger [J. Marti and K. Mauersberger, Geophys. Res. Lett. 20,363 (1993)]. C1 [Bielska, K.; Lisak, D.] Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika, Inst Fizyki, Ul Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. [Havey, D. K.; Scace, G. E.; Hodges, J. T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bielska, K (reprint author), Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika, Inst Fizyki, Ul Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. RI Bielska, Katarzyna/G-4532-2014; Lisak, Daniel/E-1470-2014 FU NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs; National Laboratory FAMO in Torun, Poland; Polish MNISW [N N202 1255 35] FX This research was supported by the NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs. We also acknowledge additional support by the Program of the National Laboratory FAMO in Torun, Poland and the Polish MNISW Project No. N N202 1255 35. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-73540-845-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1290 BP 169 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3517549 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BTH77 UT WOS:000286948500026 ER PT S AU Bielska, K Havey, DK Scace, GE Lisak, D Hodges, JT AF Bielska, K. Havey, D. K. Scace, G. E. Lisak, D. Hodges, J. T. BE Lewis, JKC PredoiCross, A TI Application of precise line shape measurements to determine the vapor pressure of ice in the temperature range from 0 to-70 degrees C SO 20TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SPECTRAL LINE SHAPES SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Spectral Line Shapes CY JUN 06-11, 2010 CL Memorial Univ Newfoundland, St Johns, CANADA SP Memorial Univ Newfoundland, Univ Lethbridge, Atlantic Computat Excellence Network, City St Johns, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys (IUPAP), Int Union Pure & Appl Chem (IUPAC) HO Memorial Univ Newfoundland DE vapor pressure of ice; spectral line shapes; CRDS ID SPECTROSCOPY; WATER AB We performed spectroscopic measurement of the vapor pressure of ice. We describe an experimental method that enables such a measurement over a wide temperature range that covers the change of the vapor pressure of ice by a few orders of magnitude. Our preliminary results have relative uncertainties at the sub-percent level and are compared to correlations given by Wexler [A. Wexler, J. Res. NBS 81A, 5 (1977)] and Marti and Mauersberger [J. Marti and K. Mauersberger, Geophys. Res. Lett. 20,363 (1993)]. C1 [Bielska, K.; Lisak, D.] Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Inst Phys, Ul Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. [Havey, D. K.; Scace, G. E.; Hodges, J. T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bielska, K (reprint author), Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Inst Phys, Ul Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. RI Bielska, Katarzyna/G-4532-2014; Lisak, Daniel/E-1470-2014 FU NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs; National Laboratory FAMO in Torun, Poland; Polish MNISW [N N202 1255 35] FX This research was supported by the NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs. We also acknowledge additional support by the Program of the National Laboratory FAMO in Torun, Poland and the Polish MNISW Project No. N N202 1255 35. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0845-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1290 BP 169 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3517549 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BTG70 UT WOS:000286908200026 ER PT S AU Lisak, D Maslowski, P Cygan, A Bielska, K Wojtewicz, S Piwinski, M Hodges, JT Trawinski, RS Ciurylo, R AF Lisak, D. Maslowski, P. Cygan, A. Bielska, K. Wojtewicz, S. Piwinski, M. Hodges, J. T. Trawinski, R. S. Ciurylo, R. BE Lewis, JKC PredoiCross, A TI CRDS investigation of line shapes and intensities of the oxygen B-band transitions at low pressures SO 20TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SPECTRAL LINE SHAPES SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Spectral Line Shapes CY JUN 06-11, 2010 CL Memorial Univ Newfoundland, St Johns, CANADA SP Memorial Univ Newfoundland, Univ Lethbridge, Atlantic Computat Excellence Network, City St Johns, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys (IUPAP), Int Union Pure & Appl Chem (IUPAC) HO Memorial Univ Newfoundland DE Spectral line shapes and intensities; cavity ring-down spectroscopy; molecular oxygen spectra ID A-BAND; SPECTRAL LINES; SPECTROSCOPY; O-2; SPECTROMETER; PARAMETERS; COLLISION; PROFILES; DOPPLER; N-2 AB We performed high resolution line shape and line intensity measurements of self-broadened O-2 b(1)Sigma(+)(g)(nu = 1) <- X-3 Sigma(-)(g) (nu = 0) band transitions using the frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy technique under relatively low-pressure conditions. We compared our measured line intensities, which had relative uncertainties below 0.7%, to available data. C1 [Lisak, D.; Maslowski, P.; Cygan, A.; Bielska, K.; Wojtewicz, S.; Piwinski, M.; Trawinski, R. S.; Ciurylo, R.] Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Inst Phys, Grudziadzka 5-7, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. [Hodges, J. T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lisak, D (reprint author), Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Inst Phys, Grudziadzka 5-7, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. RI Bielska, Katarzyna/G-4532-2014; Trawinski, Ryszard /G-3523-2014; Ciurylo, Roman/G-8680-2014; Maslowski, Piotr/H-4476-2014; Lisak, Daniel/E-1470-2014; Wojtewicz, Szymon/A-5425-2015; Piwinski, Mariusz/D-6648-2014; Cygan, Agata/E-1393-2014 OI Maslowski, Piotr/0000-0001-8882-7106; Piwinski, Mariusz/0000-0001-5847-2578; FU National Laboratory FAMO in Torun, Poland; Polish MNISW [N N202 1255 35, N N202 1489 33, MR UMK 503-F] FX The research is part of the program of the National Laboratory FAMO in Torun, Poland and supported by the Polish MNISW Project No. N N202 1255 35 and N N202 1489 33, and by Grant JMR UMK 503-F. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0845-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1290 BP 174 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3517550 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BTG70 UT WOS:000286908200027 ER PT S AU Lisak, D Maslowski, P Cygan, A Bielska, K Wojtewicz, S Piwinski, M Hodges, JT Trawinski, RS Ciurylo, R AF Lisak, D. Maslowski, P. Cygan, A. Bielska, K. Wojtewicz, S. Piwinski, M. Hodges, J. T. Trawinski, R. S. Ciurylo, R. BE Lewis, JKC PredoiCross, A TI CRDS investigation of line shapes and intensities of the oxygen B-band transitions at low pressures SO 20TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SPECTRAL LINE SHAPES SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Spectral Line Shapes CY JUN 06-11, 2010 CL Memorial Univ Newfoundland, St Johns, CANADA SP Memorial Univ Newfoundland, Univ Lethbridge, Atlantic Computat Excellence Network, City St Johns, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys (IUPAP), Int Union Pure & Appl Chem (IUPAC) HO Memorial Univ Newfoundland DE Spectral line shapes and intensities; cavity ring-down spectroscopy; molecular oxygen spectra ID A-BAND; SPECTRAL LINES; SPECTROSCOPY; O-2; SPECTROMETER; PARAMETERS; COLLISION; PROFILES; DOPPLER; N-2 AB We performed high resolution line shape and line intensity measurements of self-broadened O-2 b(1)Sigma(+)(g)(v = 1) <- X-3 Sigma(-)(g) (v = 0) band transitions using the frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy technique under relatively low-pressure conditions. We compared our measured line intensities, which had relative uncertainties below 0.7%, to available data. C1 [Lisak, D.; Maslowski, P.; Cygan, A.; Bielska, K.; Wojtewicz, S.; Piwinski, M.; Trawinski, R. S.; Ciurylo, R.] Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika, Inst Fizyki, Grudziadzka 5-7, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. [Hodges, J. T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lisak, D (reprint author), Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika, Inst Fizyki, Grudziadzka 5-7, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. RI Bielska, Katarzyna/G-4532-2014; Trawinski, Ryszard /G-3523-2014; Ciurylo, Roman/G-8680-2014; Maslowski, Piotr/H-4476-2014; Lisak, Daniel/E-1470-2014; Wojtewicz, Szymon/A-5425-2015; Piwinski, Mariusz/D-6648-2014; Cygan, Agata/E-1393-2014 OI Maslowski, Piotr/0000-0001-8882-7106; Piwinski, Mariusz/0000-0001-5847-2578; FU National Laboratory FAMO in Torun, Poland; Polish MNISW [N N202 1255 35, N N202 1489 33]; [JMR UMK 503-F] FX The research is part of the program of the National Laboratory FAMO in Torun, Poland and supported by the Polish MNISW Project No. N N202 1255 35 and N N202 1489 33, and by Grant JMR UMK 503-F. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-73540-845-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1290 BP 174 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3517550 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BTH77 UT WOS:000286948500027 ER PT S AU Cygan, A Lisak, D Maslowski, P Bielska, K Wojtewicz, S Domyslawska, J Abe, H Hodges, JT Trawinski, RS Ciurylo, R AF Cygan, A. Lisak, D. Maslowski, P. Bielska, K. Wojtewicz, S. Domyslawska, J. Abe, H. Hodges, J. T. Trawinski, R. S. Ciurylo, R. BE Lewis, JKC PredoiCross, A TI Frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy with a PDH locked laser SO 20TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SPECTRAL LINE SHAPES SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Spectral Line Shapes CY JUN 06-11, 2010 CL Memorial Univ Newfoundland, St Johns, CANADA SP Memorial Univ Newfoundland, Univ Lethbridge, Atlantic Computat Excellence Network, City St Johns, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys (IUPAP), Int Union Pure & Appl Chem (IUPAC) HO Memorial Univ Newfoundland DE cavity ring-down spectroscopy; Pound-Drever-Hall method; line shapes measurements ID SPECTROMETER AB We present recent improvements of a frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy setup in which the Pound-Drever-Hall technique is used to lock the probe laser to the ring-down cavity. This approach, which yields a high repetition rate of ring-down events of approximately 7.7 kHz, and narrowing of the probe laser line width below 20 kHz, enables a five-fold increase in the signal-to-noise ratio. Using line shape measurements to illustrate system performance, we demonstrate improvements in the spectrometer perfomance afforded by the PDH. C1 [Cygan, A.; Lisak, D.; Maslowski, P.; Bielska, K.; Wojtewicz, S.; Domyslawska, J.; Trawinski, R. S.; Ciurylo, R.] Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika, Inst Fizyki, Grudziadzka 5-7, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. [Abe, H.] Natl Metrol Inst Japan NMIJ, AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058563, Japan. [Hodges, J. T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cygan, A (reprint author), Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika, Inst Fizyki, Grudziadzka 5-7, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. RI Bielska, Katarzyna/G-4532-2014; Trawinski, Ryszard /G-3523-2014; Ciurylo, Roman/G-8680-2014; Maslowski, Piotr/H-4476-2014; Lisak, Daniel/E-1470-2014; Wojtewicz, Szymon/A-5425-2015; Domyslawska, Jolanta/H-7167-2014; Abe, Hisashi/J-4129-2015; Cygan, Agata/E-1393-2014 OI Maslowski, Piotr/0000-0001-8882-7106; Abe, Hisashi/0000-0002-1473-0659; FU National Laboratory FAMO in Torun, Poland; Polish MNISW [N N202 1255 35, N N202 1489 33]; JMR [UMK 503-F] FX The research is part of the program of the National Laboratory FAMO in Torun, Poland and supported by the Polish MNISW Project No. N N202 1255 35 and N N202 1489 33, and by Grant JMR UMK 503-F. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-73540-845-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1290 BP 204 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3517556 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BTH77 UT WOS:000286948500032 ER PT S AU Cygan, A Lisak, D Maslowski, P Bielska, K Wojtewicz, S Domyslawska, J Abe, H Hodges, JT Trawinski, RS Ciurylo, R AF Cygan, A. Lisak, D. Maslowski, P. Bielska, K. Wojtewicz, S. Domyslawska, J. Abe, H. Hodges, J. T. Trawinski, R. S. Ciurylo, R. BE Lewis, JKC PredoiCross, A TI Frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy with a PDH locked laser SO 20TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SPECTRAL LINE SHAPES SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Spectral Line Shapes CY JUN 06-11, 2010 CL Memorial Univ Newfoundland, St Johns, CANADA SP Memorial Univ Newfoundland, Univ Lethbridge, Atlantic Computat Excellence Network, City St Johns, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys (IUPAP), Int Union Pure & Appl Chem (IUPAC) HO Memorial Univ Newfoundland DE cavity ring-down spectroscopy; Pound-Drever-Hall method; line shapes measurements ID SPECTROMETER AB We present recent improvements of a frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy setup in which the Pound-Drever-Hall technique is used to lock the probe laser to the ring-down cavity. This approach, which yields a high repetition rate of ring-down events of approximately 7.7 kHz, and narrowing of the probe laser line width below 20 kHz, enables a five-fold increase in the signal-to-noise ratio. Using line shape measurements to illustrate system performance, we demonstrate improvements in the spectrometer perfomance afforded by the PDH. C1 [Cygan, A.; Lisak, D.; Maslowski, P.; Bielska, K.; Wojtewicz, S.; Domyslawska, J.; Trawinski, R. S.; Ciurylo, R.] Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Inst Phys, Grudziadzka 5-7, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. [Abe, H.] AIST, Natl Metrol Inst Japan NMIJ, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. [Hodges, J. T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cygan, A (reprint author), Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Inst Phys, Grudziadzka 5-7, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. RI Bielska, Katarzyna/G-4532-2014; Trawinski, Ryszard /G-3523-2014; Ciurylo, Roman/G-8680-2014; Maslowski, Piotr/H-4476-2014; Lisak, Daniel/E-1470-2014; Wojtewicz, Szymon/A-5425-2015; Domyslawska, Jolanta/H-7167-2014; Abe, Hisashi/J-4129-2015; Cygan, Agata/E-1393-2014 OI Maslowski, Piotr/0000-0001-8882-7106; Abe, Hisashi/0000-0002-1473-0659; FU National Laboratory FAMO in Torun, Poland; Polish MNISW [N N202 1255 35, N N202 1489 33]; [JMR UMK 503-F] FX The research is part of the program of the National Laboratory FAMO in Torun, Poland and supported by the Polish MNISW Project No. N N202 1255 35 and N N202 1489 33, and by Grant JMR UMK 503-F. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0845-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1290 BP 204 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3517556 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BTG70 UT WOS:000286908200032 ER PT S AU Thomas, PC Raghavan, SR Forry, SP AF Thomas, Peter C. Raghavan, Srinivasa R. Forry, Samuel P. BE Herold, KE Bentley, WE Vossoughi, J TI Monitoring and Controlling Oxygen Levels in Microfluidic Devices SO 26TH SOUTHERN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING CONFERENCE: SBEC 2010 SE IFMBE Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference, SBEC 2010 CY APR 30-MAY 02, 2010 CL Univ Maryland, College Park, MD SP Natl Sci Fdn, Biomed Engn Soc Chongqing, Natl Canc Inst (NCI) HO Univ Maryland DE Microfluidics; oxygen control; PDMS; oxygen sensor ID CELLS AB Mammalian cell culture has been traditionally performed in a static oxygen concentration of 21 mol %. However, oxygen level in vivo is significantly more hypoxic with an average oxygen concentration of 3 mol % to 5 mol %. In addition, many cells within the body experience dynamic oxygen levels. Such differences in oxygen tension have been shown to affect cell behavior, and controlling and monitoring oxygen level is crucial in creating biomimetic cell culture conditions. Previously, we have developed a luminescence-based oxygen sensor capable of monitoring cellular oxygen consumption rates in a multi-well plate format that is compatible with conventional cell microscopy techniques (e.g. phase contrast and fluorescence imaging). In the current study, we demonstrate successful integration of this oxygen sensor into a multi-layer microfluidic cell culture device. The oxygen sensor provides a facile method for continuous monitoring of on-chip oxygen levels. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) based microfluidic cell culture devices are permeable to oxygen, allowing physiologically relevant oxygen environments to be generated. Control channels are incorporated to enable on-chip control of dissolved oxygen tension. Finite element simulations and experimental measurements are in excellent agreement in monitoring oxygen diffusion through the PDMS to generate stable oxygen gradients and rapidly changing conditions on-chip. Further, on-chip calibration matches sensitivities measured outside of the microfludic environment. Cells will be monitored during culture in this microfluidic system under physiologically relevant oxygen environments. C1 [Thomas, Peter C.; Forry, Samuel P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Thomas, Peter C.] Univ Maryland, Fischell Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD USA. [Raghavan, Srinivasa R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, College Pk, MD USA. RP Thomas, PC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sam.forry@nist.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1680-0737 BN 978-3-642-14997-9 J9 IFMBE PROC PY 2010 VL 32 BP 325 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA BBO72 UT WOS:000307744700083 ER PT S AU Tomlin, NA Lehman, JH Hurst, KE Tanner, DB Kamaras, K Pekker, A AF Tomlin, Nathan A. Lehman, John H. Hurst, Katherine E. Tanner, David B. Kamaras, K. Pekker, Aron GP IEEE TI METHOD TO DETERMINE THE ABSORPTANCE OF THIN FILMS FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC TECHNOLOGY SO 35TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 20-25, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE Elect Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc, Solar Energy Industries Assoc AB We have demonstrated a novel method to determine optical properties of opaque or semi-transparent films for photovoltaic (PV) applications. Such films may be the basis of transparent conductors or photoconductive material. As an example, we measure the absolute absorptance (at visible and near infrared wavelengths) of an optically thick single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) film by using a pyroelectric detector. This novel method obviates the need for analysis with respect to polarization and associated difficulties of ellipsometry. The Kramers-Kronig relation is used to determine the thick film index of refraction, which we use to calculate the optical properties of thin films as a function of thickness. A transmittance measurement obtained from a thin SWCNT film shows excellent agreement with results from our model. C1 [Tomlin, Nathan A.; Lehman, John H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Tomlin, NA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-5891-2 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2010 BP 1745 EP 1748 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2010.5615860 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BTO69 UT WOS:000287579501210 ER PT S AU Bertness, KA Schlager, JB Sanford, NA Imtiaz, A Wallis, TM Weber, JC Kabos, P Mansfield, LM AF Bertness, Kris A. Schlager, John B. Sanford, Norman A. Imtiaz, Atif Wallis, Thomas M. Weber, Joel C. Kabos, Pavel Mansfield, Lorelle M. GP IEEE TI APPLICATION OF MICROWAVE SCANNING PROBES TO PHOTOVOL TAlC MATERIALS SO 35TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 20-25, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE Elect Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc, Solar Energy Industries Assoc ID FILM SOLAR-CELLS; EFFICIENCY AB We demonstrate that near-field scanning microwave microscopy (NSMM) can be used to detect photoresponse in photovoltaic materials with potential for submicrometer lateral resolution. In this approach, a radio-frequency scanning tunneling microscopy (RF-STM) tip is coupled to a resonant microwave cavity with a resonance near 4.5 GHz. The presence of additional mobile carriers in the vicinity of the probe tip changes the load on the cavity. These changes are quantified through the shifts in both the resonance frequency and quality factor Q. The changes in conductivity under illumination with blue light are easily detected for Cu(ln,Ga)Se-2 and GaAs solar cell test material. C1 [Bertness, Kris A.; Schlager, John B.; Sanford, Norman A.; Imtiaz, Atif; Wallis, Thomas M.; Weber, Joel C.; Kabos, Pavel] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. [Mansfield, Lorelle M.] NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Bertness, KA (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-5891-2 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2010 PG 1 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BTO69 UT WOS:000287579501194 ER PT J AU Bintley, D Friberg, P MacIntosh, MJ Holland, WS Berry, D Dempsey, JT Thomas, HS Jenness, T Kelly, D Gao, XF Ade, PAR Grainger, W Moncelsi, L Irwin, KD Hilton, GC Niemack, M Reintsema, CD Hollister, MI Woodcraft, A Amiri, M Burger, B Chapin, E Gibb, A Halpern, M Hasselfield, M Scott, D AF Bintley, Dan Friberg, Per MacIntosh, Michael J. Holland, Wayne S. Berry, David Dempsey, Jessica T. Thomas, Holly S. Jenness, Tim Kelly, Dennis Gao, Xiaofeng Ade, Peter A. R. Grainger, William Moncelsi, Lorenzo Irwin, Kent D. Hilton, Gene C. Niemack, Michael Reintsema, Carl D. Hollister, Matthew I. Woodcraft, Adam Amiri, Mandana Burger, Bryce Chapin, Ed Gibb, Andy Halpern, Mark Hasselfield, Matthew Scott, Douglas GP IEEE TI Characterising and calibrating the SCUBA-2 superconducting bolometer arrays for science observing SO 35TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND TERAHERTZ WAVES (IRMMW-THZ 2010) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves CY SEP 05-10, 2010 CL Rome, ITALY ID TRANSITION-EDGE SENSORS AB SCUBA-2 is a 10,000 pixel wide field sub-millimeter camera which started science observing on James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) in the spring of 2010. We present the results of characterising individual 1280 bolometer science grade subarrays, as well as experience from operating the instrument. C1 [Bintley, Dan; Friberg, Per; Berry, David; Dempsey, Jessica T.; Thomas, Holly S.; Jenness, Tim] Joint Astron Ctr, 660 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [MacIntosh, Michael J.; Holland, Wayne S.; Kelly, Dennis; Gao, Xiaofeng] Royal Observ, UK Astron Technol Ctr, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Ade, Peter A. R.; Grainger, William; Moncelsi, Lorenzo] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3YB, S Glam, Wales. [Irwin, Kent D.; Hilton, Gene C.; Niemack, Michael; Reintsema, Carl D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hollister, Matthew I.; Woodcraft, Adam] Univ Edinburgh, Inst Astron, Royal Observ, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Amiri, Mandana; Burger, Bryce; Chapin, Ed; Gibb, Andy; Halpern, Mark; Hasselfield, Matthew; Scott, Douglas] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. RP Bintley, D (reprint author), Joint Astron Ctr, 660 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RI gao, xiaofeng/D-4825-2014 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6657-3 PY 2010 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTU73 UT WOS:000288130600549 ER PT J AU Siegrist, KM Plusquellic, DF Thomas, ME AF Siegrist, K. M. Plusquellic, D. F. Thomas, M. E. GP IEEE TI THz Spectroscopy of Ceramic and Polycrystalline Materials for Characterization of Microwave Dielectric Properties SO 35TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND TERAHERTZ WAVES (IRMMW-THZ 2010) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves CY SEP 05-10, 2010 CL Rome, ITALY ID MULTIPHONON ABSORPTION; INFRARED-ABSORPTION; FREQUENCY; DEPENDENCE; CRYSTALS AB Theoretically expected frequency and temperature dependence of weak multiphonon bands at the far infrared absorption band edge are used to develop classical oscillator models of permittivity for several window materials (sapphire, ZnS and Pyroceram (R) 9606) which accurately model dielectric behavior from the infrared through the THz and into the microwave regions. C1 [Siegrist, K. M.; Thomas, M. E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Plusquellic, D. F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Siegrist, KM (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6657-3 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTU73 UT WOS:000288130600175 ER PT S AU Payne, B Harper, KK Vogl, GW AF Payne, Bev Harper, Kari K. Vogl, Gregory W. BE Tomasini, EP TI Piezoelectric Shaker Development for High Frequency Calibration of Accelerometers SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS BY LASER AND NONCONTACT TECHNIQUES AND SHORT COURSE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Vibration Measurements by Laser and Noncontact Techniques and Short Course CY JUN 22-25, 2010 CL Ancona, ITALY SP Italian Assoc Laser Velocimetry Noninvasive Diagnost DE accelerometers; calibration; interferometric; laser; shakers; vibration AB Calibration of vibration transducers requires sinusoidal motion over a wide frequency range with low distortion and low cross-axial motion. Piezoelectric shakers are well suited to generate such motion and are suitable for use with laser interferometric methods at frequencies of 3 kHz and above. An advantage of piezoelectric shakers is the higher achievable accelerations and displacement amplitudes as compared to electro-dynamic (ED) shakers. Typical commercial ED calibration shakers produce maximum accelerations from 100 m/s(2) to 500 m/s(2). Very large ED shakers may produce somewhat higher accelerations but require large amplifiers and expensive cooling systems to dissipate heat. Due to the limitations in maximum accelerations by ED shakers at frequencies above 5 kHz, the amplitudes of the generated sinusoidal displacement are frequently below the resolution of laser interferometers used in primary calibration methods. This limits the usefulness of ED shakers in interferometric based calibrations at higher frequencies. Small piezoelectric shakers provide much higher acceleration and displacement amplitudes for frequencies above 5 kHz, making these shakers very useful for accelerometer calibrations employing laser interferometric measurements, as will be shown in this paper. These piezoelectric shakers have been developed and used at NIST for many years for high frequency calibration of accelerometers. This paper documents the construction and performance of a new version of these shakers developed at NIST for the calibration of accelerometers over the range of 3 kHz to 30 kHz and possibly higher. Examples of typical calibration results are also given. C1 [Payne, Bev; Harper, Kari K.; Vogl, Gregory W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Payne, B (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8220, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0802-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1253 BP 373 EP 382 DI 10.1063/1.3455479 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BRS38 UT WOS:000283528800042 ER PT S AU Vogl, GW Harper, KK Payne, B AF Vogl, Gregory W. Harper, Kari K. Payne, Bev BE Tomasini, EP TI Modeling and Experimental Analysis of Piezoelectric Shakers for High-Frequency Calibration of Accelerometers SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS BY LASER AND NONCONTACT TECHNIQUES AND SHORT COURSE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Vibration Measurements by Laser and Noncontact Techniques and Short Course CY JUN 22-25, 2010 CL Ancona, ITALY SP Italian Assoc Laser Velocimetry Noninvasive Diagnost DE calibration; accelerometers; vibration; piezoelectric actuation; shakers AB Piezoelectric shakers have been developed and used at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for decades for high-frequency calibration of accelerometers. Recently, NIST researchers built new piezoelectric shakers in the hopes of reducing the uncertainties in the calibrations of accelerometers while extending the calibration frequency range beyond 20 kHz. The ability to build and measure piezoelectric shakers invites modeling of these systems in order to improve their design for increased performance, which includes a sinusoidal motion with lower distortion, lower cross-axial motion, and an increased frequency range. In this paper, we present a model of piezoelectric shakers and match it to experimental data. The equations of motion for all masses are solved along with the coupled state equations for the piezoelectric actuator. Finally, additional electrical elements like inductors, capacitors, and resistors are added to the piezoelectric actuator for matching of experimental and theoretical frequency responses. C1 [Vogl, Gregory W.; Harper, Kari K.; Payne, Bev] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vogl, GW (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8220, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0802-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1253 BP 383 EP 394 DI 10.1063/1.3455480 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BRS38 UT WOS:000283528800043 ER PT J AU Kipphardt, H Matschat, R Vogl, J Gusarova, T Czerwensky, M Heinrich, HJ Hioki, A Konopelko, LA Methven, B Miura, T Petersen, O Riebe, G Sturgeon, R Turk, GC Yu, LL AF Kipphardt, Heinrich Matschat, Ralf Vogl, Jochen Gusarova, Tamara Czerwensky, Michael Heinrich, Hans-Joachim Hioki, Akiharu Konopelko, Leonid A. Methven, Brad Miura, Tsutomu Petersen, Ole Riebe, Gundel Sturgeon, Ralph Turk, Gregory C. Yu, Lee L. TI Purity determination as needed for the realisation of primary standards for elemental determination: status of international comparability SO ACCREDITATION AND QUALITY ASSURANCE LA English DT Article DE Interlaboratory comparison; Purity analysis; High purity metals; CCQM-P107; Zinc ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY AB Within the National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) and designated laboratories, an interlaboratory comparison, CCQM-P107, was conducted to verify the degree of international comparability concerning the results of purity analysis. The mass fractions of Ag, Bi, Cd, Cr, Ni, Tl at the lower mg/kg-level in a high purity zinc material were determined, but the real measurand in metrological sense was the sum of the six mass fractions. Homogeneity was investigated by glow discharge mass spectrometry, reference values were obtained using isotope dilution mass spectrometry. Six NMIs participated, contributing eight independent data sets. The agreement amongst the results of the participants, their median and the agreement with the reference values were usually excellent and in almost all cases below the target uncertainty of 30% relative. In this manner, the accuracy of results and the comparability between the participants was demonstrated to be established. C1 [Kipphardt, Heinrich; Matschat, Ralf; Vogl, Jochen; Gusarova, Tamara; Czerwensky, Michael; Heinrich, Hans-Joachim; Riebe, Gundel] BAM Fed Inst Mat Res & Testing, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Hioki, Akiharu; Miura, Tsutomu] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, NMIJ, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058563, Japan. [Konopelko, Leonid A.] DI Mendeleyev Inst Metrol VNIIM, St Petersburg 190005, Russia. [Methven, Brad; Sturgeon, Ralph] Inst Natl Measurement Stand NRC, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Petersen, Ole] FORCE Technol, DK-2605 Brondby, Denmark. [Turk, Gregory C.; Yu, Lee L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kipphardt, H (reprint author), BAM Fed Inst Mat Res & Testing, Richard Willstatter Str 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. EM heinrich.kipphardt@bam.de RI Vogl, Jochen/A-5960-2009; Yu, Lee/N-7263-2015; Miura, Tsutomu/M-7185-2016; OI Yu, Lee/0000-0002-8043-6853; Miura, Tsutomu/0000-0003-3509-0205; Konopelko, Leonid/0000-0002-4942-8329; Sturgeon, Ralph/0000-0001-7304-3034 NR 4 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-1775 J9 ACCREDIT QUAL ASSUR JI Accredit. Qual. Assur. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 15 IS 1 BP 29 EP 37 DI 10.1007/s00769-009-0557-0 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 540BI UT WOS:000273305100005 ER PT J AU Ma, LD Feng, LX Hioki, A Cho, KH Vogl, J Berger, A Turk, G Macleod, S Labarraque, G Tong, WF Schiel, D Yafa, C Valiente, L Konopelko, LA Quetel, C Vermaercke, P Manzano, JVL Linsky, M Cortes, E Tangpitayakul, S Plangsangmas, L Bergamaschi, L Hearn, R AF Ma, Liandi Feng, Liuxing Hioki, A. Cho, K. H. Vogl, J. Berger, A. Turk, G. Macleod, S. Labarraque, G. Tong, W. F. Schiel, D. Yafa, C. Valiente, L. Konopelko, L. A. Quetel, C. Vermaercke, P. Manzano, J. V. L. Linsky, M. Cortes, E. Tangpitayakul, S. Plangsangmas, L. Bergamaschi, L. Hearn, R. TI International comparison of the determination of the mass fraction of cadmium, chromium, mercury and lead in polypropylene: the Comit, Consultatif pour la Quantit, de MatiSre pilot study CCQM-P106 SO ACCREDITATION AND QUALITY ASSURANCE LA English DT Article DE Cadmium; Chromium; Mercury; Lead; Polypropylene; CCQM ID DILUTION ICP-MS AB The CCQM-P106 pilot study was organized by the inorganic working group of the Comit, Consultatif pour la Quantit, de MatiSre (CCQM) as a feasibility comparison to study the applicability of different analysis methods to the polypropylene sample and test the abilities of the participants for measuring the Cd, Cr, Hg and Pb in polypropylene. National Institute of Metrology P.R. China (NIM) acted as the coordinating laboratory of this pilot study. There were 21 laboratories that submitted the final results. The median values of the mass fraction of Cd, Cr, Hg and Pb were 36.12 mg kg(-1) (the median absolute deviation about the median (MADe) = 0.46 mg kg(-1)), 252.5 mg kg(-1) (MADe = 3.4 mg kg(-1)), 387.0 mg kg(-1) (MADe = 10.1 mg kg(-1)) and 466.2 mg kg(-1) (MADe = 8.9 mg kg(-1)), respectively. Isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS), inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) measurement methods were used, and microwave digestion was used by the most of the participants. In general, very good agreement of the results was observed. Moreover, compared to the results of other methods, the results of IDMS still showed less spread amongst laboratories and had a smaller uncertainty. In addition, the results of some analytes used by XRF and INAA also got satisfactory agreement with the median value. C1 [Ma, Liandi; Feng, Liuxing] Natl Inst Metrol, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Hioki, A.] Natl Metrol Inst Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Cho, K. H.] Korean Res Inst Stand & Sci, Taejon, South Korea. [Vogl, J.; Berger, A.] Fed Inst Mat Res & Testing, Berlin, Germany. [Turk, G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Macleod, S.] Underwriter Labs, Millville, NY USA. [Labarraque, G.] Lab Natl Metrol & Essais, Paris, France. [Tong, W. F.] Lab Govt Chemist, Homantin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Schiel, D.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-3300 Braunschweig, Germany. [Yafa, C.] Natl Inst Metrol, Pathum Thani, Thailand. [Valiente, L.] Inst Nacl Tecnol Ind, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Konopelko, L. A.] All Russia DI Mendeleyev Sci & Res Inst Metrol, St Petersburg, Russia. [Quetel, C.; Vermaercke, P.] Ctr Etud Energie Nucl, Studiectr Kernenergie, Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, Geel, Belgium. [Manzano, J. V. L.] Ctr Nacl Metrol, Queretaro, Mexico. [Linsky, M.] Natl Metrol Inst S Africa, Pretoria, South Africa. [Cortes, E.] Comis Chilena Energia Nucl, Santiago, Chile. [Tangpitayakul, S.] Dept Sci Serv, Bangkok, Thailand. [Plangsangmas, L.] Thailand Inst Sci & Technol Res, Bangkok, Thailand. [Bergamaschi, L.] Natl Inst Metrol Res, Unit Radiochem & Spect, Pavia, Italy. [Hearn, R.] Lab Govt Chemist, Teddington TW11 0LY, Middx, England. RP Feng, LX (reprint author), Natl Inst Metrol, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM fenglx@nim.ac.cn RI Vogl, Jochen/A-5960-2009 FU Innovation Methods Program [2008IM021800, AKY0817] FX The author gratefully acknowledges the funding from the Innovation Methods Program (2008IM021800) and AKY0817 program. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-1775 J9 ACCREDIT QUAL ASSUR JI Accredit. Qual. Assur. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 15 IS 1 BP 39 EP 44 DI 10.1007/s00769-009-0574-z PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 540BI UT WOS:000273305100006 ER PT J AU Song, LY Feng, D Fredin, NJ Yager, KG Jones, RL Wu, QY Zhao, DY Vogt, BD AF Song, Lingyan Feng, Dan Fredin, Nathaniel J. Yager, Kevin G. Jones, Ronald L. Wu, Quanyan Zhao, Dongyuan Vogt, Bryan D. TI Challenges in Fabrication of Mesoporous Carbon Films with Ordered Cylindrical Pores via Phenolic Oligomer Self-Assembly with Triblock Copolymers SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE mesostructure; phenol formaldehyde resin; self-assembly; mesoporous materials; thin film ID SILICA THIN-FILMS; TEMPLATING APPROACH; ROUTE; FRAMEWORKS; POLYMER; POROSIMETRY; MESOPHASES AB Mesoporous phenol formaldehyde (PF) polymer resin and carbon films are prepared by a solution self-assembly of PF oligomers with amphiphilic triblock copolymers. After thermopolymerization of the PF to cross-link the network, the films show an ordered morphology as determined by X-ray diffraction and,grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS). Our results show that the amphiphilic triblock copolymer template greatly influences the stability of the final porous mescistructures. The pyrolysis of the two-dimensional (2-D) hexagonal, films with p6mm symmetry templated by Pluronic F127 yields a disordered porous structure following the template removal. Conversely, films templated by Pluronic P123 can exhibit well-ordered cylindrical pores after the template removal, but the solution composition range to yield ordered cylindrical mesopores is significantly reduced (nearly 70%) for thin films in comparison to bulk powders. We propose two dominant difficulties in fabricating well-ordered cylindrical mesopores In films: first, the stress from contraction during the pyrolysis can lead to a collapse of the mescistructure if the wall thickness is insufficient, and second, the surface wetting behavior in thin films leads to a small compositional range. C1 [Feng, Dan; Zhao, Dongyuan] Fudan Univ, Dept Chem, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Feng, Dan; Zhao, Dongyuan] Fudan Univ, Adv Mat Lab, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Song, Lingyan; Vogt, Bryan D.] Arizona State Univ, Chem Engn Program, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Fredin, Nathaniel J.; Yager, Kevin G.; Jones, Ronald L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wu, Quanyan] On Semicond, Phoenix, AZ 85008 USA. RP Zhao, DY (reprint author), Fudan Univ, Dept Chem, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. EM dyzhao@fudan.edu.cn; bryan.vogt@asu.edu RI Fredin, Nathaniel/B-2890-2010; Zhao, Dongyuan/E-5796-2010; Yager, Kevin/F-9804-2011 OI Zhao, Dongyuan/0000-0002-1642-2510; Yager, Kevin/0000-0001-7745-2513 FU National Science Foundation [CBET-0746664]; NSF of China; NSERC Canada; NIST-NRC; NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH1 1357] FX The authors acknowledge financial support from the State of Arizona. Facilities supported by the Center for Solid State Science were used for the characterization of materials. This work is partially supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CBET-0746664. D.F. and D.Y.Z. thank NSF of China for financial support. K.G.Y. acknowledges the support of NSERC Canada in the form of a postdoctoral fellowship. N.J.F. is supported by a NIST-NRC postcloctoral fellowship program. This work was funded in part by the NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs. We acknowledge J. Strzalka for help with X-ray scattering measurements. Additionally, the authors thank M. Tate and H. Hillhouse for providing the NANOCELL code (http://www.ecn.purdue.edu/-hugh). Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH1 1357. NR 37 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 5 U2 86 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JAN PY 2010 VL 4 IS 1 BP 189 EP 198 DI 10.1021/nn9012884 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 547CP UT WOS:000273863400025 PM 20000606 ER PT J AU Lacerda, SHD Park, JJ Meuse, C Pristinski, D Becker, ML Karim, A Douglas, JF AF Lacerda, Silvia H. De Paoli Park, Jung Jin Meuse, Curt Pristinski, Denis Becker, Matthew L. Karim, Alamgir Douglas, Jack F. TI Interaction of Gold Nanoparticles with Common Human Blood Proteins SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE gold nanoparticles; fluorescence quenching; protein-nanoparticle interaction; binding affinity; conformational change; nanotoxicology; biocompatibility; protein adsorption ID HUMAN CARBONIC-ANHYDRASE; INDUCED CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES; TRYPTOPHAN FLUORESCENCE; SILICA NANOPARTICLES; SERUM-ALBUMIN; COLLOIDAL GOLD; TYROSINE FLUORESCENCE; CANCER-THERAPY; QUANTUM DOTS; AMINO-ACID AB In order to better understand the physical basis of the biological activity of nanoparticles (NPs) in nanomedicine applications and under conditions of environmental exposure, we performed an array of photophysical measurements to quantify the interaction of model gold NPs having a wide range of NP diameters with common blood proteins, In particular, absorbance, fluorescence quenching, circular dichroism, dynamic light scattering, and electron microscopy measurements were performed on surface-functionalized water-soluble gold NPs having a diameter range from 5 to 100 nm in the presence of common human blood proteins: albumin, fibrinogen, gamma-globulin, histone, and insulin, We find that the gold NPs strongly associate with these essential blood proteins where the binding constant, K, as well as the degree of cooperativity of particle-protein binding (Hill constant, n), depends on particle size and the native protein structure. We also find tentative evidence that the model proteins undergo conformational change upon association with the NPs and that the thickness of the adsorbed protein layer (bare NO diameter <50 nm) progressively increases with NP size, effects that have potential general importance for understanding NP aggregation in biological media and the interaction of NP with biological materials broadly. C1 [Lacerda, Silvia H. De Paoli] US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Park, Jung Jin] Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Meuse, Curt; Pristinski, Denis; Douglas, Jack F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Becker, Matthew L.; Karim, Alamgir] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Lacerda, SHD (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM silvia.lacerda@fda.hhs.gov; jack.douglas@nist.gov RI Park, Jung Jin/C-7627-2011 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology; Polymers Division FX SHDPL thanks the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the Polymers Division in particular for its support of this research. NR 71 TC 320 Z9 324 U1 34 U2 254 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JAN PY 2010 VL 4 IS 1 BP 365 EP 379 DI 10.1021/nn9011187 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 547CP UT WOS:000273863400047 PM 20020753 ER PT J AU Klokocnik, J Kostelecky, J Novak, P Wagner, CA AF Klokocnik, Jaroslav Kostelecky, Jan Novak, Pavel Wagner, Carl A. TI DETECTION OF EARTH IMPACT CRATERS AIDED BY THE DETAILED GLOBAL GRAVITATIONAL MODEL EGM2008 SO ACTA GEODYNAMICA ET GEOMATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE global gravitational model; gravity anomaly; second-order derivative of the disturbing potential; impact craters on the Earth ID GRAVITY; SIZE AB We have surveyed the Earth's surface using gravity anomalies and second-order radial derivatives of the disturbing gravitational potential computed from the gravitational model EGM2008 complete to degree and order 2159 (for selected degrees up to 2190). It corresponds to 5 arcmin resolution on the ground. Over most well known impact crater sites on the Earth we found the second-order derivatives (not available from ordinary gravity surveys) offered finer discrimination of circular features than the gravity anomalies themselves. We also discovered that some of the sites show evidence of double or multiple craters which will need further ground verification. Some of these signatures (in hilly or mountainous terrain) may also need to be corrected for the gravitational effect of topography to sharpen their hidden features. C1 [Klokocnik, Jaroslav] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Astron Inst, CZ-25165 Ondrejov, Czech Republic. [Kostelecky, Jan; Novak, Pavel] Res Inst Geodesy Topog & Cartog, CZ-25066 Zdiby 98, Czech Republic. [Kostelecky, Jan] Czech Tech Univ, Dept Adv Geodesy, CZ-16629 Prague 6, Czech Republic. [Novak, Pavel] Univ W Bohemia, Fac Sci Appl, Dept Math, CZ-30614 Plzen, Czech Republic. [Wagner, Carl A.] NOAA, Lab Satel Altim, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Klokocnik, J (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republic, Astron Inst, CZ-25165 Ondrejov, Czech Republic. EM jklokocn@asu.cas.cz RI Novak, Pavel/I-3746-2012; Klokocnik, Jaroslav/G-9025-2014 OI Novak, Pavel/0000-0001-7173-7905; FU ESA/PECS [C 98056]; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic [CEDR LC 506] FX This work has been conducted in the frame of the grant # C 98056 provided kindly by ESA/PECS in 2007. It was partly supported also by the project CEDR LC 506 of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic. The authors are grateful to Nikolaos K. Pavlis and other authors of EGM2008 for this excellent gravitational model and also to Jianliang Huang, leader of the Evaluation Team of EGM08, for inviting us to cooperate within his group. We also thank Simon A. Holmes, Nikolaos K. Pavlis and other co-authors of "A FORTRAN PROGRAM FOR VERY-HIGH-DEGREE HARMONIC SYNTHESIS" for providing this software, our basic computational tool. The ESA representative Bernard Zufferey, PECS Program Manager, very kindly led our first steps within the grant from ESA/PECS and helped us with necessary administrative tasks. Geologists Vaclav Cilek, Patrick Taylor, Jan Kutina, Gunter Kletetschka, David Rajmond, physical geographer Jan Kalvoda and geodesist (Ms) Ivanka Charvatova inspired us with their consultations. We also thank to Christoph Foerste for his criticism and fruitful comments. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC INST ROCK STRUCTURE & MECHANICS PI PRAGUE 8 PA IRSM AS CR, V HOLESOVICKACH 41, PRAGUE 8, 182 09, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 1214-9705 J9 ACTA GEODYN GEOMATER JI Acta Geodyn. Geomater. PY 2010 VL 7 IS 1 BP 71 EP + PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 596LQ UT WOS:000277686900008 ER PT J AU Creuziger, A Foecke, T AF Creuziger, A. Foecke, T. TI Transformation potential predictions for the stress-induced austenite to martensite transformation in steel SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE TRIP steel; Texture; Austenitic steels; Martensitic phase transformation ID ASSISTED MULTIPHASE STEELS; INDUCED-PLASTICITY; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; TRIP; MICROSTRUCTURE; DEFORMATION; BEHAVIOR; TEXTURE; CUALNI; TIP AB The stress-induced transformation behavior of retained austenite is considered in this work. With the development of transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) steels this deformation mode is of growing importance. Twinned martensite structures were calculated using the crystallographic theory of martensite. An available work criterion was used to predict the transformation potentials for 16 different in-plane stress states for sheet sample geometry. By rotating the twinned martensite structures over all crystallographic orientations using Euler angles, the magnitude of the transformation potential was plotted as an orientation distribution plot for comparison with typical texture components. From these data, the Brass and Copper orientation components that are typical in retained austenite such as in TRIP steels were found to have low transformation potential values. Grains aligned with these orientations would require higher stresses to transform than other orientations, and may therefore never transform. This correlates to experimental observations that heavily deformed TRIP steel contains residual retained austenite. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Creuziger, A.; Foecke, T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Creuziger, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM adam.creuziger@nist.gov; tim.foecke@nist.gov FU Research Associate Program at the National Academies FX The authors thank T.W. Shield for use of his CTM-0.0.1 program; Steve Banovic, Thomas Gnaupel-Herold, Mark Iadicola and Mark Stoudt at the Center for Metal Forming at NIST for advice and assistance; and the Research Associate Program at the National Academies for supporting this work. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 58 IS 1 BP 85 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2009.08.059 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 527XW UT WOS:000272405600010 ER PT J AU Wanner, T Fuller, ER Saylor, DM AF Wanner, Thomas Fuller, Edwin R., Jr. Saylor, David M. TI Homology metrics for microstructure response fields in polycrystals SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Homology metrics; Microstructures; Polycrystals; Finite element simulations; Thermal expansion anisotropy ID FE-CR ALLOYS; SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION; COMPUTER-MODELS; ATOMIC-LEVEL; ORIENTATION; COMPLEXITY; EVOLUTION; MARBLE AB Quantitative homology metrics are proposed for characterizing the thermal-elastic response of polycrystalline materials. Simulations for a calcite-based polycrystal, marble, are used as an illustrative example. The homology metrics are based on topological measurements, such as the number of components and the number of handles of the thermal-elastic response fields for a complex microstructure. These homology metrics are applied to characterize not only the elastic energy density and maximum principal stress response fields in a polycrystal but also the correlated grain-boundary misorientation distributions that influenced the formation of these response fields. It is demonstrated that the topological analysis can quantitatively distinguish between different types of grain-boundary misorientations, as well as between differences in the resulting response fields. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Wanner, Thomas] George Mason Univ, Dept Math Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Fuller, Edwin R., Jr.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Labs, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Saylor, David M.] US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Off Sci & Engn Labs, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. RP Wanner, T (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Math Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM twanner@gmu.edu; edwin.fuller@nist.gov; david.saylor@fda.hhs.gov FU NSF [DMS-0406231]; US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER25712] FX Thomas Wanner was partially supported by NSF Grant DMS-0406231 and the US Department of Energy under Contract DE-FG02-05ER25712. NR 22 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 58 IS 1 BP 102 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2009.08.061 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 527XW UT WOS:000272405600012 ER PT B AU Piotrowski, PL Cannara, RJ Gao, GT Urban, JJ Carpick, RW Harrison, JA AF Piotrowski, Pamela L. Cannara, Rachel J. Gao, Guangtu Urban, Joseph J. Carpick, Robert W. Harrison, Judith A. BE Kim, SH Dugger, MT Mittal, KL TI Atomistic Factors Governing Adhesion between Diamond, Amorphous Carbon and Model Diamond Nanocomposite Surfaces SO ADHESION ASPECTS IN MEMS/NEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Adhesion; diamond; nanocomposite diamond; amorphous carbon; diamond-like carbon; nanotribology; work of adhesion; pull-off force; atomic force microscopy; friction force microscopy; molecular dynamics; ab initio studies; density functional theory ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; FORCE MICROSCOPY; SCALE FRICTION; ULTRANANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; ALKANE MONOLAYERS; CONTACT; FILMS; MEMS AB Complementary atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted to determine the work of adhesion for diamond (C)(111)(1x1) and C(001)(2x1) surfaces paired with carbon-based materials. While the works of adhesion from experiments and simulations are in reasonable agreement, some differences were identified. Experimentally, the work of adhesion between an amorphous carbon tip and individual C(001)(2 x 1)-H and C(111)(1 x 1)-H surfaces yielded adhesion values that were larger on the C(001)(2x1)-H surface. The simulations revealed that the average adhesion between self-mated C(001)(2x1) surfaces was smaller than for self-mated C(111)(1x1) contacts. Adhesion was reduced when amorphous carbon counterfaces were paired with both types of diamond surfaces. Pairing model diamond nanocomposite surfaces with the C(111)(1x1)-H sample resulted in even larger reductions in adhesion. These results point to the importance of atomic-scale roughness for adhesion. The simulated adhesion also shows a modest dependence on hydrogen coverage. Density functional theory calculations revealed small, C-H bond dipoles on both diamond samples, with the C(001)(2 x 1)-H surface having the larger dipole, but having a smaller dipole moment per unit area. Thus, charge separation at the surface is another possible source of the difference between the measured and calculated works of adhesion. C1 [Piotrowski, Pamela L.; Gao, Guangtu; Urban, Joseph J.; Harrison, Judith A.] US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Cannara, Rachel J.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Carpick, Robert W.] Univ Penn, Dept Mech Engn & Appl Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Harrison, JA (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, 572 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM jah@usna.edu NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-9-00-419095-5; 978-90-04-19094-8 PY 2010 BP 135 EP 161 PG 27 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BC2WY UT WOS:000351401400009 ER PT S AU Fitzpatrick, CR Natarajan, CM Warburton, RE Buller, GS Baek, B Nam, S Miki, S Wang, Z Sasaki, M Sinclair, AG Hadfield, RH AF Fitzpatrick, C. R. Natarajan, C. M. Warburton, R. E. Buller, G. S. Baek, B. Nam, S. Miki, S. Wang, Z. Sasaki, M. Sinclair, A. G. Hadfield, R. H. BE Itzler, MA Campbell, JC TI A superconducting nanowire single-photon detector system for single-photon source characterization SO ADVANCED PHOTON COUNTING TECHNIQUES IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Photon Counting Techniques IV CY APR 07-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE quantum information; quantum optics; single-photon detector; single-photon source; superconducting detector ID OPTICAL CAVITY; EFFICIENCY; RANGE; LIGHT; NBN AB Single-photon sources and detectors are key enabling technologies for photonics in quantum information science and technology (QIST). QIST applications place high-level demands on the performance of sources and detectors; it is therefore essential that their properties can be characterized accurately. Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) have spectral sensitivity from visible to beyond 2 mu m in wavelength, picosecond timing resolution (Jitter < 100 ps FWHM) and the capacity to operate ungated with low dark counts (< 1 kHz). This facilitates data acquisition at high rates with an excellent signal-to-noise ratio. We report on the construction and characterization of a two-channel SNSPD system. The detectors are mounted in a closed-cycle refrigerator, which eliminates reliance on liquid cryogens. Our specification was to deliver a system with 1 % efficiency in both channels at a wavelength of 1310 nm with 1 kHz dark count rate. A full width at half maximum timing jitter of less than 90 ps is achieved in both channels. The system will be used to detect individual photons generated by quantum-optical sources at telecom wavelengths. Examples include single-photon sources based on quantum dots (emitting at 1310 nm). The SNSPD system's spectral sensitivity and timing resolution make it suited to characterization of such sources, and to wider QIST applications. C1 [Fitzpatrick, C. R.; Natarajan, C. M.; Warburton, R. E.; Buller, G. S.; Hadfield, R. H.] Heriot Watt Univ, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Fitzpatrick, C. R.; Sinclair, A. G.] Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Baek, B.; Nam, S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Miki, S.; Wang, Z.; Sasaki, M.] Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Tokyo, Japan. RP Fitzpatrick, CR (reprint author), Heriot Watt Univ, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. RI Hadfield, Robert/L-8081-2013; Natarajan, Chandra/C-3230-2014; Natarajan, Chandra/O-5521-2015; OI Hadfield, Robert/0000-0002-8084-4187; Fitzpatrick, Catherine/0000-0002-8866-9547; Buller, Gerald/0000-0003-0441-2830 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8145-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7681 AR 76810H DI 10.1117/12.851892 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BSS23 UT WOS:000285622400009 ER PT S AU Lita, AE Calkins, B Pellouchoud, LA Miller, AJ Nam, S AF Lita, A. E. Calkins, B. Pellouchoud, L. A. Miller, A. J. Nam, S. BE Itzler, MA Campbell, JC TI Superconducting Transition-Edge Sensors Optimized for High-Efficiency Photon-Number Resolving Detectors SO ADVANCED PHOTON COUNTING TECHNIQUES IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Photon Counting Techniques IV CY APR 07-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Photon number resolving; single-photon detector; superconducting transition-edge detector AB Superconducting photon detectors have emerged as a powerful new option for detecting single photons. System detection efficiency that incorporates the quantum efficiency of the device and system losses is one of the most important single-photon detector performance metrics for quantum information applications. Superconducting transition-edge sensors (TESs) are microcalorimeters that have the ability of distinguishing single photons with negligible dark counts. In addition, TESs are capable of directly measuring the photon number in a pulse of light. We have achieved near-unity system detection efficiency with TESs at particular wavelengths in the near-infrared by using multilayer structures that enhance the absorption of light into the active device material. We describe the design of the multilayer structure enabling high detection efficiency TESs including issues and requirements for obtaining detection efficiency values higher than 99 %. We describe the device fabrication and finally, show recent results of devices optimized for high detection efficiency using the multilayer structure. C1 [Lita, A. E.; Calkins, B.; Pellouchoud, L. A.; Nam, S.] NIST, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO USA. RP Lita, AE (reprint author), NIST, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8145-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7681 AR 76810D DI 10.1117/12.852221 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BSS23 UT WOS:000285622400008 ER PT J AU Wang, DH Li, XF Tao, WK AF Wang Donghai Li, Xiaofan Tao, Wei-Kuo TI Responses of vertical structures in convective and stratiform regions to large-scale forcing during the landfall of severe tropical storm Bilis (2006) SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE cloud-resolving simulation; large-scale vertical velocity; water vapor and hydrometeor mass fluxes; heat budgets ID RESOLVING MODEL SIMULATIONS; ICE-PHASE MICROPHYSICS; SOUTH CHINA SEA; CLOUD SYSTEMS; SQUALL LINES; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; MESOSCALE PROCESSES; RAINFALL PROCESSES; FRONTAL RAINBANDS; PART II AB The responses of vertical structures, in convective and stratiform regions, to the large-scale forcing during the landfall of tropical storm Bilis (2006) are investigated using the data from a two-dimensional cloud-resolving model simulation. An imposed large-scale forcing with upward motion in the mid and upper troposphere and downward motion in the lower troposphere on 15 July suppresses convective clouds, which leads to similar to 100% coverage of raining stratiform clouds over the entire model domain. The imposed forcing extends upward motion to the lower troposphere during 16-17 July, which leads to an enhancement of convective clouds and suppression of raining stratiform clouds. The switch of large-scale lower-tropospheric vertical velocity from weak downward motion on 15 July to moderate upward motion during 16-17 July produces a much broader distribution of the vertical velocity, water vapor and hydrometeor fluxes, perturbation specific humidity, and total hydrometeor mixing ratio during 16-17 July than those on 15 July in the analysis of contoured frequency-altitude diagrams. Further analysis of the water vapor budget reveals that local atmospheric moistening is mainly caused by the enhancement of evaporation of rain associated with downward motion on 15 July, whereas local atmospheric drying is mainly determined by the advective drying associated with downward motion over raining stratiform regions and by the net condensation associated with upward motion over convective regions during 16-17 July. C1 [Wang Donghai] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Wang Donghai] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Li, Xiaofan] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Appl & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Tao, Wei-Kuo] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Wang, DH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM d.wang@hotmail.com RI Li, Xiaofan/F-5605-2010; AAS, AAS/C-2949-2014; Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014 FU State Key Basic Research Development Program [2004CB418300, 2009CB421504]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40633016, 40830958] FX The authors thank Shanghai Typhoon Institute for its diagram of the best track of tropical storm Bilis (2006) and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that significantly improved the manuscript. This research was supported by the State Key Basic Research Development Program (2004CB418300 and 2009CB421504), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 40633016 and 40830958. NR 51 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 27 IS 1 BP 33 EP 46 DI 10.1007/s00376-009-8139-y PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 538BH UT WOS:000273158500003 ER PT J AU Hu, L Yang, S Li, YD Gao, ST AF Hu Liang Yang, Song Li Yaodong Gao Shouting TI Diurnal variability of precipitation depth over the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding regions SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE precipitation depth; diurnal variability; total rain; convective rain; stratiform rain ID MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEM; TRMM PR; RAIN; STRATIFORM; ORIGIN; MODES AB The diurnal variability of precipitation depth over the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding regions is investigated using nine years of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation radar (PR) measurements. The Tibetan Plateau, the plains area, and the East China Sea are selected as the focus regions in this study. The average precipitation depths (PD) are about 4.6 km, 5.8 km, and 5.6 km, while convective (stratiform) PDs are about 6.6 (4.5) km, 7.5 (5.7) km, and 6.0 (5.6) km over the plateau, the plains, and the ocean region, respectively. Results demonstrate a prominent PD diurnal cycle, and its diurnal phase is generally a few hours behind the surface precipitation. The spatial variation of the PD diurnal magnitude is weaker near the coastal areas than that of surface precipitation. The height of the PD diurnal peak is around 6-7 km for convective systems and 5-6 km for stratifrom systems. The dominant afternoon diurnal peak for convective PD and the flat diurnal peak for stratiform PD over the Tibetan Plateau indicate that solar diurnal forcing is the key mechanism of the PD diurnal cycle over land. In addition, the diurnal variation is obvious for shallow and deep convective systems, but not for shallow and deep stratiform systems. C1 [Yang, Song] NOAA NESDIS, IM Syst Grp, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Hu Liang; Li Yaodong; Gao Shouting] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Hu Liang] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Li Yaodong] Beijing Aviat Meteorol Inst, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. RP Yang, S (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS, IM Syst Grp, Camp Springs, MD USA. EM song.2.yang@noaa.gov RI AAS, AAS/C-2949-2014 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [40428002, 40633018, 40775058] FX The authors would like to thank the TRMM Science Data and Information System (TSDIS) team at NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center for providing the 2A25 rain product. This study is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China with research Grant Nos. 40428002, 40633018, and 40775058. Comments from two anonymous reviewers are appreciated for their improvements to the quality of this paper. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 27 IS 1 BP 115 EP 122 DI 10.1007/s00376-009-8193-5 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 538BH UT WOS:000273158500011 ER PT S AU Shah, V Kitching, J AF Shah, Vishal Kitching, John BE Arimondo, E Berman, PR Lin, CC TI Advances in Coherent Population Trapping for Atomic Clocks SO ADVANCES IN ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS, VOL 59 SE Advances In Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID RESONANCE RAMAN TRANSITION; CONTRAST DARK RESONANCES; FREQUENCY STANDARDS; MICROWAVE EMISSION; LASER SPECTROSCOPY; RAMSEY FRINGES; ALKALI-METALS; LIGHT-SHIFT; DIODE-LASER; VAPOR-CELL AB We review advances in the field of coherent population trapping (CPT) over the last decade with respect to the application of this physical phenomenon to atomic frequency references. We provide an overview of both the basic phenomenon of CPT and how it has traditionally been used in atomic clocks. We then describe a number of advances made with the goal of improving the resonance contrast, decreasing its line width, and reducing light shifts that affect the long-term stability. We conclude with a discussion of how these new approaches can impact future generations of laboratory and commercial instruments. C1 [Shah, Vishal] Symmetricom Technol Realizat Ctr, Beverly, MA 01915 USA. [Kitching, John] NIST, Time & Frequency Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Shah, V (reprint author), Symmetricom Technol Realizat Ctr, 34 Tozer Rd, Beverly, MA 01915 USA. NR 152 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-250X BN 978-0-12-381021-2 J9 ADV ATOM MOL OPT PHY JI Adv. Atom. Mol. Opt. Phys. PY 2010 VL 59 BP 21 EP 74 DI 10.1016/S1049-250X(10)59002-5 PG 54 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA BAJ34 UT WOS:000304330200002 ER PT B AU Choong, YY Stanton, B Theofanos, M AF Choong, Yee-Yin Stanton, Brian Theofanos, Mary BE Kaber, D Boy, G TI Biometric Symbol Design for the Public - Case Studies in the United States and Four Asian Countries SO ADVANCES IN COGNITIVE ERGONOMICS SE Advances in Human Factors and Ergonomics Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Biometrics; Symbols; Usability; Cross-Cultural AB The use of biometric systems has been expanded beyond traditional law enforcement applications to other areas such as identity management, access control, e-commerce, and even healthcare. With the deployment of biometric systems on the rise, the user bases are also expanding from targeted users such as police to general computer users. This phenomenon challenges biometric researchers and developers to design systems with good usability. This paper evaluated a set of symbols intended for use in biometric systems to help users better understand biometric operations. Six studies with a total of 186 participants were conducted in the United States and in four Asian countries to investigate the cultural effects on people's perception and understanding of the symbols. Some symbols show culture-free results, while some have mixed results. The cross-cultural implications of the case studies are discussed and future research is recommended. C1 [Choong, Yee-Yin; Stanton, Brian; Theofanos, Mary] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Choong, YY (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-3492-3 J9 ADV HUM FACT ERG SER JI ADV. HUMAN FACT. ERG. SER PY 2010 BP 1 EP 12 PG 12 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering GA BSY32 UT WOS:000286105400002 ER PT B AU Kwon, YB Lee, Y Choong, YY AF Kwon, Young-Bin Lee, Yooyoung Choong, Yee-Yin BE Kaber, D Boy, G TI An Empirical Study of Korean Culture Effects on the Usability of Biometric Symbols SO ADVANCES IN COGNITIVE ERGONOMICS SE Advances in Human Factors and Ergonomics Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Biometrics; Usability; Symbol; Cultural factors; Korean AB Biometrics is an umbrella term for methods that identify an individual based on physiological and/or behavioral characteristics such as fingerprint, face, iris, retina, vein, palm, voice, gait, signature, etc. The use of biometric systems is increasing worldwide; consequently there is a need for understanding its procedures via common biometric symbols. However, people with different backgrounds, such as native language, culture, customs, life style, education level, and religion, have various perceptions and expectations of any given symbol. We evaluated how Korean culture influences the use of biometric symbols. Our study was performed by interviewing 100 subjects residing in South Korea using 24 symbols which were developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Biometrics Usability group. The results present empirical evidence of potential differences in understanding and expectations of biometric symbols due to Korean culture and user knowledge. C1 [Kwon, Young-Bin; Lee, Yooyoung] Chung Ang Univ, Seoul 156756, South Korea. [Lee, Yooyoung; Choong, Yee-Yin] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kwon, YB (reprint author), Chung Ang Univ, Seoul 156756, South Korea. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-3492-3 J9 ADV HUM FACT ERG SER JI ADV. HUMAN FACT. ERG. SER PY 2010 BP 13 EP 22 PG 10 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering GA BSY32 UT WOS:000286105400003 ER PT S AU Martovetsky, NN Mann, TL Miller, JR Freudenberg, KD Reed, RP Walsh, RP McColskey, JD Evans, D AF Martovetsky, N. N. Mann, T. L. Miller, J. R. Freudenberg, K. D. Reed, R. P. Walsh, R. P. McColskey, J. D. Evans, D. BE Balachandran, U TI ITER CENTRAL SOLENOID COIL INSULATION QUALIFICATION SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING (MATERIALS), VOL 56: TRANSACTIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRYOGENIC MATERIALS CONFERENCE - ICMC SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE High voltage insulation; cyclic load; voltage breakdown; elastic module AB An insulation system for ITER Central Solenoid must have sufficiently high electrical and structural strength. Design efforts to bring stresses in the turn and layer insulation within allowables failed. It turned out to be impossible to eliminate high local tensile stresses in the winding pack. When high local stresses can not be designed out, the qualification procedure requires verification of the acceptable structural and electrical strength by testing. We built two 4x4 arrays of the conductor jacket with two options of the CS insulation and subjected the arrays to 1.2 million compressive cycles at 60 MPa and at 76 K. Such conditions simulated stresses in the CS insulation. We performed voltage withstand tests and after end of cycling we measured the breakdown voltages between in the arrays. After that we dissectioned the arrays and studied micro cracks in the insulation. We report details of the specimens' preparation, test procedures and test results. C1 [Martovetsky, N. N.; Mann, T. L.; Miller, J. R.; Freudenberg, K. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US ITER Project Off, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Martovetsky, N. N.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Reed, R. P.] Cryogenic Mat Inc, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Walsh, R. P.] Natl High Magnet Field lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [McColskey, J. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Evans, D.] Adv Cryogen Mat, Abingdon OX14 2HQ, Oxon, England. RP Martovetsky, NN (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US ITER Project Off, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy by Oak Ridge National Laboratory [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Oak Ridge National Laboratory under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 and by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1219 BP 135 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3402294 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQB51 UT WOS:000280573400018 ER PT S AU Duckworth, RC Zhang, Y Gouge, MJ Rey, CM van der Laan, DC Clickner, C AF Duckworth, R. C. Zhang, Y. Gouge, M. J. Rey, C. M. van der Laan, D. C. Clickner, C. BE Balachandran, U TI VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION AND MECHANICAL STRENGTH IN SPLICE JOINTS MADE FROM AS-MANUFACTURED YBCO COATED CONDUCTORS SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING (MATERIALS), VOL 56: TRANSACTIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRYOGENIC MATERIALS CONFERENCE - ICMC SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE Splice joints; voltage distribution; YBCO coated conductors AB With recommendations from wire manufacturers as a starting point, a series of solder joints were fabricated and characterized to determine the best method for producing repeatable, low-resistance and high-mechanical-strength splices in as-manufactured, stabilized YBCO coated conductors. From the 2.54 cm long splice joints that were fabricated, parameters such as solder material, stabilization material, fabrication method, and conductor geometry were varied to determine the impact of each on the properties of splice joints. Results indicate that the splice joints of lowest resistance were influenced primarily by the tape orientation in the joint and the stabilization material The lowest resistances were between 2 x 10(-8) Omega and 1.0 x 10(-7) in 4-mm wide tapes and were obtained from pure copper-stabilized tapes oriented with the YBCO layers in closest proximity. The voltage drop along the splice length indicated that only a fraction of the splice length contributes to the splice joint resistance. Mechanical characterization of splice joints showed that the joint resistance remained unchanged under axial stress up to a stress level at which the critical current of the tapes forming the joint degrades irreversibly. C1 [Duckworth, R. C.; Zhang, Y.; Gouge, M. J.; Rey, C. M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zhang, Y.; van der Laan, D. C.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [van der Laan, D. C.; Clickner, C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Duckworth, RC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI van der Laan, Danko/L-5098-2016 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Oak Ridge National Laboratory, LLC [DE-AI05-98OR22652]; National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Superconductivity Program for Electric Power Systems, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC and under contract DE-AI05-98OR22652 with National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1219 BP 370 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3402325 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQB51 UT WOS:000280573400046 ER PT S AU Lewis, MA Taylor, RP Radebaugh, R Garaway, I Bradley, PE AF Lewis, M. A. Taylor, R. P. Radebaugh, R. Garaway, I. Bradley, P. E. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI INVESTIGATION OF FLOW NON UNIFORMITIES IN A LARGE 50 K PULSE TUBE CRYOCOOLER SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE Active Denial System; Fast Cooldown; Superconducting Magnet AB A single-stage pulse tube cryocooler was optimized to provide 50 W of net refrigeration power at 50 K when driven by a pressure oscillator that can produce up to 2.8 kW of acoustic power at 60 Hz. The cryocooler was designed with the ability to provide rapid cooldown. The rapid cooling technique makes use of a resonant phenomenon in the inertance tube and reservoir system to decrease the flow impedance and thereby increase the acoustic power and refrigeration power in the system when the cold end is near room temperature. Initial experimental data produced no-load temperatures of about 100 K and showed large azimuthal non-uniformities in temperature profiles around the center plane of both the regenerator and the pulse tube. Inadequate diffusion bonding in the initial aftercooler resulted in non-uniform temperatures in the aftercooler and regenerator warm end where temperatures were as high as 350 K. Jetting into the pulse tube through both the warm and cold heat exchangers also contributed to the poor performance. This paper discusses the performance after an improved aftercooler and pulse tube modifications are added. The steps taken to eliminate the non-uniformities and their effect on the cooler performance are discussed. C1 [Lewis, M. A.; Radebaugh, R.; Garaway, I.; Bradley, P. E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Taylor, R. P.] Virginia Mil Inst, Lexington, VA 24450 USA. RP Lewis, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. FU Cryomagnetics; U.S. Air Force FX Funding from Cryomagnetics and the U.S. Air Force is acknowledged. Additionally the authors do so thank Mike Rybowiak and Robert Gomez for careful machining of parts utilized. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 68 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3422419 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800009 ER PT S AU Taylor, RP Nellis, GF Klein, SA Radebaugh, R Lewis, M Bradley, P AF Taylor, R. P. Nellis, G. F. Klein, S. A. Radebaugh, R. Lewis, M. Bradley, P. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION OF A PULSE TUBE CFD MODEL SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE Pulse Tube; Cryocooler; Computational Fluid Dynamics; Design Model AB Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis has been applied by various authors to study the processes occurring in the pulse tube cryocooler and carry out parametric design and optimization. However, a thorough and quantitative validation of the CFD model predications against experimental data has not been accomplished. This is in part due to the difficulty associated with measuring the specific quantities of interest (e.g., internal enthalpy flows and acoustic power) rather than generic system performance (e.g., cooling power). This paper presents the experimental validation of a previously published two-dimensional, axisymmetric CFD model of the pulse tube and its associated flow transitions. The test facility designed for this purpose is unique in that it allows the precise measurement of the cold end acoustic power, regenerator loss, and cooling power. Therefore, it allows the separate and precise measurement of both the pulse tube loss and the regenerator loss. The experimental results are presented for various pulse tube and flow transition configurations operating at a cold end temperature of 80 K over a range of pressure ratios. The comparison of the model prediction to the experimental data is presented with discussion. C1 [Taylor, R. P.] Virginia Mil Inst, Dept Mech Engn, Lexington, VA 24450 USA. [Nellis, G. F.; Klein, S. A.] Univ Wisconsin, Cryogen Engn Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Radebaugh, R.; Lewis, M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Cryogen Technol Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Taylor, RP (reprint author), Virginia Mil Inst, Dept Mech Engn, Lexington, VA 24450 USA. FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-06-1-0007]; CEC Timmerhaus Scholarship FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research under contract N00014-06-1-0007 and the CEC Timmerhaus Scholarship. Additionally, the authors would like to thank the Mike Rybowiak for careful machining of parts used in the experimental measurements. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 76 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3422429 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800010 ER PT S AU Garaway, I Veprik, A Radebaugh, R AF Garaway, I. Veprik, A. Radebaugh, R. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI DIAGNOSTICS AND OPTIMIZATION OF A MINIATURE HIGH FREQUENCY PULSE TUBE CRYOCOOLER SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE High Frequency Stirling Pulse Tube; Miniature Pulse Tube Cryocooler AB A miniature, high energy density, pulse tube cryocooler with an inertance tube and reservoir has been developed, tested, diagnosed and optimized to provide appropriate cooling for size-limited cryogenic applications demanding fast cool down. This cryocooler, originally designed using REGEN 3.2 for 80 K, an operating frequency of 150 Hz and an average pressure of 5.0 MPa, has regenerator dimensions of 4.4 mm inside diameter and 27 mm length and is filled with #635 mesh stainless steel screen. Various design features, such as the use of compact heat exchangers and a miniature linear compressor, resulted in a remarkably compact pulse tube cryocooler. In this report, we present the preliminary test results and the subsequent diagnostic and optimization sequence performed to improve the overall design and operation of the complete cryocooler. These experimentally determined optimal parameters, though slightly different from those proposed in the initial numerical model, yielded 530 mW of gross cooling power at 120 K with an input electrical power of only 25 W. This study highlights the need to further establish our understanding of miniature, high frequency, regenerative cryocoolers, not only as a collection of independent subcomponents, but as one single working unit. It has also led to a list of additional improvements that may yet be made to even further improve the operating characteristics of such a complete miniature cryocooler. C1 [Garaway, I.; Radebaugh, R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Garaway, I.] Technion Israel Inst Technol, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Veprik, A.] RICOR Cryogen & Vacuum Syst, IL-18960 Ein Harod Ihud, Israel. RP Garaway, I (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 167 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3422350 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800021 ER PT S AU Wikus, P Adams, JS Bagdasarova, Y Bandler, SR Doriese, WB Eckart, ME Figueroa-Feliciano, E Kelley, RL Kilbourne, CA Leman, SW McCammon, D Porter, FS Rutherford, JM Trowbridge, SN AF Wikus, P. Adams, J. S. Bagdasarova, Y. Bandler, S. R. Doriese, W. B. Eckart, M. E. Figueroa-Feliciano, E. Kelley, R. L. Kilbourne, C. A. Leman, S. W. McCammon, D. Porter, F. S. Rutherford, J. M. Trowbridge, S. N. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI THE ADIABATIC DEMAGNETIZATION REFRIGERATOR FOR THE MICRO-X SOUNDING ROCKET TELESCOPE SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE Space cryogenics; Adiabatic Demagnetization Refrigerator; Low Temperature Detectors; Magnetic Shielding; Kevlar Suspension Systems ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; KEVLAR AB The Micro-X Imaging X-ray Spectrometer is a sounding rocket payload slated for launch in 2011. An array of Transition Edge Sensors, which is operated at a bath temperature of 50 mK, will be used to obtain a high resolution spectrum of the Puppis-A supernova remnant. An Adiabatic Demagnetization Refrigerator (ADR) with a 75 gram Ferric Ammonium Alum (FAA) salt pill in the bore of a 4 T superconducting magnet provides a stable heat sink for the detector array only a few seconds after burnout of the rocket motors. This requires a cold stage design with very short thermal time constants. A suspension made from Kevlar strings holds the 255 gram cold stage in place. It is capable of withstanding loads in excess of 200g. Stable operation of the TES array in proximity to the ADR magnet is ensured by a three-stage magnetic shielding system which consists of a superconducting can, a high-permeability shield and a bucking coil. The development and testing of the Micro-X payload is well underway. C1 [Wikus, P.; Bagdasarova, Y.; Figueroa-Feliciano, E.; Leman, S. W.; Rutherford, J. M.; Trowbridge, S. N.] MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Adams, J. S.; Bandler, S. R.; Eckart, M. E.; Kelley, R. L.; Kilbourne, C. A.; Porter, F. S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Doriese, W. B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [McCammon, D.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Wikus, P (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Bandler, Simon/A-6258-2010; Porter, Frederick/D-3501-2012; Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012 OI Bandler, Simon/0000-0002-5112-8106; Porter, Frederick/0000-0002-6374-1119; FU NASA [NNX07AK52G] FX This work has been conducted under NASA grant NNX07AK52G. We thank Alexander Usoskin of Bruker HTS GmbH and Aashish Chourey of American Magnetics Inc. for supplying samples of superconducting materials for the construction of the Micro-X cryostat. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 633 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3422413 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800078 ER PT S AU Radebaugh, R Huang, YH O'Gallagher, A Gary, J AF Radebaugh, Ray Huang, Yonghua O'Gallagher, Agnes Gary, John BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI OPTIMIZATION CALCULATIONS FOR A 30 HZ, 4 K REGENERATOR WITH HELIUM-3 WORKING FLUID SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE Cryocoolers; cryogenics; efficiency; Gifford-McMahon; helium-3; helium-4; numerical analysis; pulse tubes; real gas; refrigeration; regenerators; Stirling; theory AB The NIST numerical software, REGEN3.3, which incorporates both He-4 and He-3 properties, was used to calculate the losses and second law efficiencies of 4 K regenerators operating at 30 Hz. Operating parameters, such as average pressure, pressure ratio, and warm-end temperature were varied to investigate the effect of non-ideal gas properties. Regenerator parameters such as matrix material and shape, hydraulic diameter, and regenerator geometry were varied to investigate losses due to non-ideal regenerator behavior. The results show that He-3 can increase the regenerator efficiency by a factor of at least two compared to a regenerator optimized for He-4. A layered regenerator of gadolinium oxysulfate (GOS) at the cold end and ErPr at the warm end is the best of many material combinations. A regenerator with parallel holes of about 20 % porosity showed only slight improvement over one with packed spheres. The regenerator warm-end temperature has little effect on its efficiency for temperatures below 35 K and pressures of 1.0 MPa and above. An optimized 4 K He-3 regenerator uses layered GOS and ErPr with the warm end at about 30 K and an average pressure of about 1.0 MPa. With those optimum conditions a reduced regenerator loss of 0.36 and a regenerator second law efficiency of 25 % are achieved. C1 [Radebaugh, Ray; O'Gallagher, Agnes; Gary, John] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Huang, Yonghua] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, Peoples R China. RP Radebaugh, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. OI Huang, Yonghua/0000-0001-6453-8430 FU Office of Naval Research FX This research was partially funded by the Office of Naval Research with Deborah Van Vechten as the project monitor. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 1581 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3422340 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800189 ER PT S AU Bradley, PE Gerecht, E Radebaugh, R Garaway, I AF Bradley, P. E. Gerecht, E. Radebaugh, R. Garaway, I. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI DEVELOPMENT OF A 4 K STIRLING-TYPE PULSE TUBE CRYOCOOL ER FOR A MOBILE TERAHERTZ DETECTION SYSTEM SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE Cryocooler; pulse tube; He-3; He-4; heterodyne detector; terahertz AB We discuss in this paper the design and development of a 4 K Stirling-type pulse tube cryocooler for a mobile terahertz detection system. This system integrates new heterodyne detector technology at terahertz frequencies with advancements of Stirling-type pulse tube technology that brings the advent of cooled detector sensitivities in a mobile, compact, and long duration operation system without degradation of sensitivity. To achieve this goal we reduced overall system size, input power, and temperature fluctuations and mechanical vibrations in order to maintain the detector sensitivity. The Stirling-type pulse tube cryocooler developed for this system is a hybrid design employing a He-4 pulse-tube cryocooler operating at 60 Hz and 2.5 MPa average pressure that precools a He-3 pulse tube cryocooler operating at 30 Hz and 1.0 MPa average pressure to achieve 4 K cooling for the terahertz receiver. The He-4 cryocooler employs stainless steel mesh regenerators for the first stage and ErPr spheres for the second stage, while the He-3 cryocooler employs stainless mesh for the first stage and ErPr spheres for the second stage with a layered rare-earth third stage regenerator. Design details and cooler performance goals are discussed. C1 [Bradley, P. E.; Gerecht, E.; Radebaugh, R.; Garaway, I.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bradley, PE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 1593 EP 1600 DI 10.1063/1.3422341 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800190 ER PT S AU Wong-Ng, W Martin, J Thomas, EL Otani, M Lowhorn, N Green, M Liu, G Yan, YG Hattrick-Simpers, J Tran, T AF Wong-Ng, W. Martin, J. Thomas, E. L. Otani, M. Lowhorn, N. Green, M. Liu, G. Yan, Y. G. Hattrick-Simpers, J. Tran, T. BE Nair, KM Priya, S TI RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THERMOELECTRIC METROLOGY AT NIST SO ADVANCES IN ELECTROCERAMIC MATERIALS II SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials Science and Technology 2009 Conference and Exhibition CY OCT 25-29, 2009 CL David L Lawrence Convention Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA SP Amer Ceram Soc, Nucl & Env Technol Div, ASM Int HO David L Lawrence Convention Ctr ID COMPOSITION-SPREAD APPROACH; STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIAL; 2 CANDIDATE MATERIALS; SKUTTERUDITES; FILMS; MERIT AB We have recently developed several important thermoelectric metrologies at NIST. First, a low temperature (10 K to 390 K) Seebeck coefficient Standard Reference Material (SRM (TM)), Bi2Te3, which is crucial for inter-laboratory data comparison and for instrument calibration, has been produced. Second, to accelerate thermoelectric material exploration, a high-throughput thermoelectric screening system for combinatorial thin films was developed. The screening device for thermoelectric power factor (S-2 sigma, S = Seebeck coefficient, sigma = electrical conductivity) allows us to measure sigma and S of over 1000 sample-points within 6 hours. The thermal effusivity screening system using the frequency domain thermoreflectance technique allows us to determine thermal conductivity of combinatorial films, conventional films and bulk materials with high efficiency, i.e. 1000 data points within 6 hours. Third, a flexible and reliable instrument to measure high temperature Seeebeck coefficient. and resistivity is under development. This tool allows the minimization of a number of measurement uncertainties that contribute to the overall systematic errors. C1 [Wong-Ng, W.; Martin, J.; Thomas, E. L.; Otani, M.; Lowhorn, N.; Green, M.; Liu, G.; Yan, Y. G.; Hattrick-Simpers, J.] NIST, MSEL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tran, T.] NSWC, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), NIST, MSEL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 978-0-470-92716-8 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2010 VL 221 BP 253 EP + PG 3 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BTL70 UT WOS:000287221600023 ER PT B AU Xu, XD Lu, CG AF Xu, Xiangde Lu, Chungu BE Haider, M Muller, T TI PLATEAU-MONSOON WATER VAPOR TRANSPORT FOR MEIYU RAINFALL SO ADVANCES IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH, VOL 2 SE Advances in Environmental Research-Nova LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TIBETAN PLATEAU; CLIMATE MODEL; BOUNDARY AB Asian summer monsoonal flow in the lower troposphere is rich in water vapor, which brings moist air from the adjacent low-latitude oceans to South and East Asia. In particular, this moist air contributes largely to early summer precipitation in South China, and summer Meiyu rainfall in the mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) as well as in Korean Peninsula and Japan. It is generally believed that the Bay of Bengal, South China Sea, and the tropical western Pacific are the major water vapor source regions. To reveal the water vapor transport, especially the long-distance transport, is critical to the understanding of precipitation processes and the anomalous monsoon rainfall in the East Asia countries, such as in the YRB in China, where moisture from local evaporation is not enough to explain the observed precipitation amount. The summer precipitation in the YRB and East Asian countries is highly correlated with the column-integrated water vapor in the low latitudinal band from the Bay of Bengal, Indochina Peninsula, and South China Sea to the Philippine Islands. The water vapor transport from the source regions to the YRB is mainly through a pathway associated with the southwesterly monsoonal flow. An eastward transport from the Bay of Bengal and a westward transport from the Philippine Islands meet over South China Sea and form a main water vapor channel, which turns northward and reaches the eastern Tibetan Plateau and South China, then continues on transporting eastward to the YRB. In addition to the identified sources for moisture supply, topographic features over Asian continent also play important roles in facilitating water vapor transport as well as controlling precipitation patterns and intensity over East Asian countries, particularly over the YRB region. Due to its strong thermal forcing, the Tibetan Plateau acts as a dynamic attractor to attract warm and moist air northward. However, because of the Plateau's significant rise-up in the vertical, a large portion of water vapor is deflected to the east. In this sense, the Tibetan Plateau works also as a "re-channel station," which redirects the northward-transporting water vapor to the east. The analyses and investigation in this study reveal the continuous processes between the inflow flux on the south boundary of the water vapor transport in a "delta" key region and the outflow flux on the east boundary of the delta, the water vapor budget, and the water vapor transport mechanism which reflects the unique roles of the Tibetan Plateau as a dynamic attractor as well as a re-channel station. The correlation vector field highlights the important contribution of South China Sea, Indian Ocean and Northern Pacific water vapor sources to the YRB Meiyu rainband. All these features together contribute to a prominent strong "precipitation core" or "rainy center" in the southeast of the Plateau. Based on the above analyses, a synthetic model of "delta" source and influencing regions of plateau-monsoon water vapor transport is constructed. C1 [Xu, Xiangde] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Lu, Chungu] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lu, Chungu] Colorado State Univ, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Xu, XD (reprint author), Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing, Peoples R China. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60741-793-4 J9 ADV ENVIRON RES-SER PY 2010 VL 2 BP 265 EP 288 PG 24 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BSF74 UT WOS:000284342500008 ER PT J AU Jin, ML Shepherd, JM Zheng, WZ AF Jin, Menglin Shepherd, J. Marshall Zheng, Weizhong TI Urban Surface Temperature Reduction via the Urban Aerosol Direct Effect: A Remote Sensing and WRF Model Sensitivity Study SO ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article AB The aerosol direct effect, namely, scattering and absorption of sunlight in the atmosphere, can lower surface temperature by reducing surface insolation. By combining National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork) observations in large cities with Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model simulations, we find that the aerosol direct reduction of surface insolation ranges from 40-100Wm(-2), depending on aerosol loading and land-atmosphere conditions. To elucidate the maximum possible effect, values are calculated using a radiative transfer model based on the top quartile of the multiyear instantaneous aerosol data observed by AERONET sites. As a result, surface skin temperature can be reduced by 1 degrees C-2 degrees C while 2-m surface air temperature reductions are generally on the order of 0.5 degrees C-1 degrees C. C1 [Jin, Menglin] San Jose State Univ, Dept Meteorol & Climate Sci, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Shepherd, J. Marshall] Univ Georgia, Dept Geog, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Zheng, Weizhong] NOAA NCEP, IMSG Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Jin, ML (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, Dept Meteorol & Climate Sci, 1 Washington Sq, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. EM jin@met.sjsu.edu RI Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015 FU NSF Climate Dynamics Program (ATM CDP) [0701440]; NASA PMM Program [NNX07AF39G]; Defense Threat Reduction Agency FX This work was funded by NSF Climate Dynamics Program (ATM CDP) (Award no. 0701440), NASA PMM Program Award no. NNX07AF39G), and by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (PI Steve Burian). The authors thank AERONET PIs Hong-Bin Chen and Philippe Goloub for making the measurements public accessible via AERONET site. Thanks forMichael D. King, Tom Eck, and BrentHolben for helpful discussions on AERONET measurements. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-9309 EI 1687-9317 J9 ADV METEOROL JI Adv. Meteorol. PY 2010 AR 681587 DI 10.1155/2010/681587 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V24IB UT WOS:000208403000031 ER PT J AU Lakshmivarahan, S Lewis, JM AF Lakshmivarahan, S. Lewis, J. M. TI Forward Sensitivity Approach to Dynamic Data Assimilation SO ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article AB The least squares fit of observations with known error covariance to a strong-constraint dynamical model has been developed through use of the time evolution of sensitivity functions-the derivatives of model output with respect to the elements of control (initial conditions, boundary conditions, and physical/empirical parameters). Model error is assumed to stem from incorrect specification of the control elements. The optimal corrections to control are found through solution to an inverse problem. Duality between this method and the standard 4D-Var assimilation using adjoint equations has been proved. The paper ends with an illustrative example based on a simplified version of turbulent heat transfer at the sea/air interface. C1 [Lakshmivarahan, S.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Comp Sci, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Lewis, J. M.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Forecast R&D, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Lewis, J. M.] Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Lakshmivarahan, S (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Comp Sci, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM varahan@ou.edu FU NSF [105-155900, 105-15400]; Naval Research (ONR) [N00014-08-1-0451] FX At an early stage of formulating our ideas on this method of data assimilation, Fedor Mesinger and Qin Xu offered advice and encouragement. Qin Xu and Jim Purser carefully checked the mathematical development, and suggestions from the following reviewers went far to improve the presentation: Yoshi Sasaki, Bill Stockwell, and anonymous formal reviewers of the manuscript. S. Lakshmivarahan's work is supported in part by NSF EPSCoR RII Track 2 Grant 105-155900 and by NSF Grant 105-15400, and J. Lewis acknowledges the Office of Naval Research (ONR), Grant No. N00014-08-1-0451, for research support on this project. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-9309 J9 ADV METEOROL JI Adv. Meteorol. PY 2010 AR 375615 DI 10.1155/2010/375615 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V24IB UT WOS:000208403000020 ER PT J AU Pu, ZX Hong, SY Li, YH Juang, HMH AF Pu, Zhaoxia Hong, Song-You Li, Yaohui Juang, Hann-Ming Henry TI Advanced Data Assimilation and Predictability Studies on High-Impact Weather and Climate SO ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Pu, Zhaoxia] Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Hong, Song-You] Yonsei Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Global Environm Lab, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Li, Yaohui] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Inst Arid Meteorol, Lanzhou 730020, Peoples R China. [Juang, Hann-Ming Henry] NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Pu, ZX (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM zhaoxia.pu@utah.edu RI Hong, Song-You/I-3824-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-9309 J9 ADV METEOROL JI Adv. Meteorol. PY 2010 AR 121763 DI 10.1155/2010/121763 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V24IB UT WOS:000208403000001 ER PT J AU Xu, Q Wei, L Gu, W Gong, JD Zhao, QY AF Xu, Qin Wei, Li Gu, Wei Gong, Jiandong Zhao, Qingyun TI A 3.5-Dimensional Variational Method for Doppler Radar Data Assimilation and Its Application to Phased-Array Radar Observations SO ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article AB A 3.5-dimensional variational method is developed for Doppler radar data assimilation. In this method, incremental analyses are performed in three steps to update the model state upon the background state provided by the model prediction. First, radar radial-velocity observations from three consecutive volume scans are analyzed on the model grid. The analyzed radial-velocity fields are then used in step 2 to produce incremental analyses for the vector velocity fields at two time levels between the three volume scans. The analyzed vector velocity fields are used in step 3 to produce incremental analyses for the thermodynamic fields at the central time level accompanied by the adjustments in water vapor and hydrometeor mixing ratios based on radar reflectivity observations. The finite element B-spline representations and recursive filter are used to reduce the dimension of the analysis space and enhance the computational efficiency. The method is applied to a squall line case observed by the phased-array radar with rapid volume scans at the National Weather Radar Testbed and is shown to be effective in assimilating the phased-array radar observations and improve the prediction of the subsequent evolution of the squall line. C1 [Xu, Qin] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Wei, Li] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Gu, Wei] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gong, Jiandong] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Meteorol Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Qingyun] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM qin.xu@noaa.gov FU NOAA HPCC program; ONR [N000140410312]; NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227]; FAA [DTFA03-01-X-9007] FX The authors are thankful to Carl Hane, Jidong Gao, and the anonymous reviewer for their comments and suggestions that improved the presentation of the paper and to Douglas Forsyth, Kurt Hondl, Richard Adams, Pengfei Zhang and Kang Nai for their help in obtaining and processing the phased-array radar data. The research work was supported by the NOAA HPCC program, the FAA contract IA# DTFA03-01-X-9007 to NSSL, the ONR Grants N000140410312 to the University of Oklahoma, and the NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement no. NA17RJ1227. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-9309 J9 ADV METEOROL JI Adv. Meteorol. PY 2010 AR 797265 DI 10.1155/2010/797265 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V24IB UT WOS:000208403000042 ER PT S AU Yuan, J Li, YM Liu, CL Zha, XAF AF Yuan, Jin Li, Yan-Ming Liu, Cheng-Liang Zha, Xuan F. BE Zhang, LQ Lu, BL Kwok, J TI Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation Based Model Selection for Manifold Regularization SO ADVANCES IN NEURAL NETWORKS - ISNN 2010, PT 1, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Neural Networks CY JUN 06-09, 2010 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Chinese Univ Hong Kong, IEEE Shanghai Sect, Int Neural Network Soc, IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc, Asia Pacific Neural Network Assembly, Int Assoc Math & Comp Simulat, European Neural Network Soc, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL); Leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV); Manifold Regularization (MR); Model selection AB Classified labels are expensive by virtue of the utilization of field knowledge while the unlabeled data contains significant information, which call not be explored by supervised learning. The Manifold Regularization (MR) based semi-supervised learning (SSL) could explores information from both labeled and unlabeled data. Moreover. the model selection of MR seriously affects its predictive performance due to the inherent; additional geometry regularizer of SSL. In this paper, a leave-one-out cross-validation based PRESS criterion is first presented for model selection of MR to choose appropriate regularization coefficients and kernel parameters. The Manifold regularization and model selection algorithm are employed to a real-life benchmark dataset. The proposed approach, leveraged by effectively exploiting the embedded intrinsic geometric manifolds, outperforms the original MR and supervised learning approaches. C1 [Yuan, Jin; Li, Yan-Ming; Liu, Cheng-Liang] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Zha, Xuan F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Yuan, J (reprint author), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Shanghai, Peoples R China. EM jinyuan@sjtu.edu.cn FU National Science Foundation for Post-doctoral Scientists of China [20090450700]; national key project of China [2009ZX04014-103]; National "863" Program of China [2008AA04Z801] FX The work was supported by National Science Foundation for Post-doctoral Scientists of China (Grant No.20090450700) and also supported by the national key project of China: high-grade NC machine tools and fundamental manufacturing equipment (Grant No.2009ZX04014-103) and the national 863 Program of China (Grant No. 2008AA04Z801). NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-13277-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6063 BP 457 EP + PN I PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BPP46 UT WOS:000279593300059 ER PT J AU White, C Tan, K Wolf, A Carbary, L AF White, C. Tan, K. Wolf, A. Carbary, L. BE Dillard, DA TI Advances in structural silicone adhesives SO ADVANCES IN STRUCTURAL ADHESIVE BONDING SE Woodhead Publishing in Materials LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE silicone; structural adhesives; silicone formulation; silicone chemistry ID POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE OILS; PHOTOOXIDATION; ELASTOMERS AB This chapter presents the latest research on silicone structural adhesives. Beginning with an introduction to silicone adhesives, this chapter discusses chemical and physical properties of silicone adhesives which make them versatile and cost-effective solutions in a wide variety of applications. Developments in the chemistry and formulation of silicone adhesives are then reviewed. The final section of this chapter concentrates on advances in the use of silicone adhesives in construction, electronics, domestic applications, renewable energy, automotive and aerospace industries. C1 [White, C.; Tan, K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wolf, A.] Dow Corning Corp, D-65201 Wiesbaden, Germany. [Carbary, L.] Dow Corning Corp, Midland, MI 48686 USA. RP White, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8615, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM christopher.white@nist.gov; andreas.wolf@dowcorning.com; l.carbary@dowcorning.com RI Dillard, David/C-3185-2012 OI Dillard, David/0000-0002-2903-9318 NR 95 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84569-435-7 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL MATER PY 2010 BP 66 EP 95 DI 10.1533/9781845698058.1.66 D2 10.1533/9781845698058 PG 30 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BRP92 UT WOS:000283352600004 ER PT J AU Tan, K White, C Hunston, D Vogt, B Haag, A AF Tan, K. White, C. Hunston, D. Vogt, B. Haag, A. BE Dillard, DA TI Assessing and improving bonding in wet conditions SO ADVANCES IN STRUCTURAL ADHESIVE BONDING SE Woodhead Publishing in Materials LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE durability; moisture; degradation; aging; biological adhesives; accelerated testing; interfacial water distribution ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; STRUCTURAL ADHESIVE JOINTS; CRITICAL RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; INTERFACIAL SILANE LAYERS; WATER-ADSORPTION; ORGANIC COATINGS; EPOXY ADHESIVE; FRACTURE ENERGY; CRACK-GROWTH AB Moisture is a key culprit in degrading adhesive bonds. This chapter reviews recent developments in test methods and techniques that have been used to assess and understand the role moisture plays in bond degradation, placing emphasis on accelerated destructive aging and testing, as well as non-destructive evaluation. Current understanding of interfacial water accumulation and advances in techniques for quantifying interfacial water distribution and diffusion are discussed. Finally, progress in surface pretreatment techniques, modification of bulk properties, engineering of novel biological adhesives and joint design considerations for improving adhesive bonds in wet conditions are presented. C1 [Tan, K.; White, C.; Hunston, D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Vogt, B.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. [Haag, A.] Haag Chem LLC, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. RP White, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8615, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM christopher.white@nist.gov; bryan.vogt@asu.edu; haagap@q.com RI Dillard, David/C-3185-2012 OI Dillard, David/0000-0002-2903-9318 NR 110 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84569-435-7 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL MATER PY 2010 BP 547 EP 573 DI 10.1533/9781845698058.4.547 D2 10.1533/9781845698058 PG 27 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BRP92 UT WOS:000283352600018 ER PT S AU Chalfoun, J Dima, AA Peskin, AP Elliott, JT Filliben, JJ AF Chalfoun, Joe Dima, Alden A. Peskin, Adele P. Elliott, John T. Filliben, James J. BE Bebis, G Boyle, R Parvin, B Koracin, D Chung, R Hammound, R Hussain, M Han, TK Crawfis, R Thalmann, D Kao, D Avila, L TI A Human Inspired Local Ratio-Based Algorithm for Edge Detection in Fluorescent Cell Images SO ADVANCES IN VISUAL COMPUTING, PT I SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Visual Computing CY NOV 29-DEC 01, 2010 CL Las Vegas, NV SP UNR, DRI, LBNL, NASA Ames, Air Force Res Lab, Intel, DigitalPersona, Equinox, Ford, Hewlett Packard, Mitsubishi Elect Res Lab, iCore, Toyota, Delphi, Gen Elect, Microsoft MSDN, Volt ID MICROSCOPY AB We have developed a new semi-automated method for segmenting images of biological cells seeded at low density on tissue culture substrates, which we use to improve the generation of reference data for the evaluation of automated segmentation algorithms. The method was designed to mimic manual cell segmentation and is based on a model of human visual perception. We demonstrate a need for automated methods to assist with the generation of reference data by comparing several sets of masks from manually segmented cell images created by multiple independent hand-selections of pixels that belong to cell edges. We quantify the differences in these manually segmented masks and then compare them with masks generated from our new segmentation method which we use on cell images acquired to ensure very sharp, clear edges. The resulting masks from 16 images contain 71 cells and show that our semi-automated method for reference data generation locates cell edges more consistently than manual segmentation alone and produces better edge detection than other techniques like 5-means clustering and active contour segmentation for our images. C1 [Chalfoun, Joe; Dima, Alden A.; Elliott, John T.; Filliben, James J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Peskin, Adele P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Chalfoun, J (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-17288-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6453 BP 23 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BUW97 UT WOS:000290548000003 ER PT S AU Peskin, AP Dima, AA Chalfoun, J Elliott, JT AF Peskin, Adele P. Dima, Alden A. Chalfoun, Joe Elliott, John T. BE Bebis, G Boyle, R Parvin, B Koracin, D Chung, R Hammound, R Hussain, M Han, TK Crawfis, R Thalmann, D Kao, D Avila, L TI Predicting Segmentation Accuracy for Biological Cell Images SO ADVANCES IN VISUAL COMPUTING, PT I SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Visual Computing CY NOV 29-DEC 01, 2010 CL Las Vegas, NV SP UNR, DRI, LBNL, NASA Ames, Air Force Res Lab, Intel, DigitalPersona, Equinox, Ford, Hewlett Packard, Mitsubishi Elect Res Lab, iCore, Toyota, Delphi, Gen Elect, Microsoft MSDN, Volt ID THIN-FILMS; COLLAGEN AB We have performed segmentation procedures on a large number of images from two mammalian cell lines that were seeded at low density, in order to study trends in the segmentation results and make predictions about cellular features that affect segmentation accuracy. By comparing segmentation results from approximately 40000 cells, we find a linear relationship between the highest segmentation accuracy seen for a given cell and the fraction of pixels in the neighborhood of the edge of that cell. This fraction of pixels is at greatest risk for error when cells are segmented. We call the ratio of the size of this pixel fraction to the size of the cell the extended edge neighborhood and this metric can predict segmentation accuracy of any isolated cell. C1 [Peskin, Adele P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Dima, Alden A.; Chalfoun, Joe; Elliott, John T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Peskin, AP (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-17288-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6453 BP 549 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BUW97 UT WOS:000290548000053 ER PT S AU Peskin, AP Dima, AA AF Peskin, Adele P. Dima, Alden A. BE Bebis, G Boyle, R Parvin, B Koracin, D Chung, R Hammound, R Hussain, M Han, TK Crawfis, R Thalmann, D Kao, D Avila, L TI Modeling Clinical Tumors to Create Reference Data for Tumor Volume Measurement SO ADVANCES IN VISUAL COMPUTING, PT II SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Visual Computing CY NOV 29-DEC 01, 2010 CL Las Vegas, NV SP UNR, DRI, LBNL, NASA Ames, Air Force Res Lab, Intel, DigitalPersona, Equinox, Ford, Hewlett Packard, Mitsubishi Elect Res Lab, iCore, Toyota, Delphi, Gen Elect, Microsoft MSDN, Volt ID PULMONARY NODULES; CT; SIZE AB Expanding on our previously developed method for inserting synthetic objects into clinical computed tomography (CT) data, we model a set of eight clinical tumors that span a range of geometries and locations within the lung. The goal is to create realistic but synthetic tumor data, with known volumes. The set of data we created can be used as ground truth data to compare volumetric methods, particularly for lung tumors attached to vascular material in the lung or attached to lung walls, where ambiguities for volume measurement occur. In the process of creating these data sets, we select a sample of often seen lung tumor shapes and locations in the lung, and show that for this sample a large fraction of the voxels representing tumors in the gridded data are partially filled voxels. This points out the need for volumetric methods that handle partial volumes accurately. C1 [Peskin, Adele P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Dima, Alden A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Peskin, AP (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-17273-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6454 BP 736 EP + PN II PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BUW95 UT WOS:000290547200072 ER PT J AU Ogren, JA AF Ogren, John A. TI Comment on oCalibration and Intercomparison of Filter-Based Measurements of Visible Light Absorption by Aerosolso SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID CALIBRATION C1 NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Ogren, JA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway R GMD1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM John.A.Ogren@noaa.gov RI Ogren, John/M-8255-2015 OI Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583 NR 5 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 44 IS 8 BP 589 EP 591 AR PII 924399079 DI 10.1080/02786826.2010.482111 PG 3 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 626JM UT WOS:000279962200001 ER PT J AU Cross, ES Onasch, TB Ahern, A Wrobel, W Slowik, JG Olfert, J Lack, DA Massoli, P Cappa, CD Schwarz, JP Spackman, JR Fahey, DW Sedlacek, A Trimborn, A Jayne, JT Freedman, A Williams, LR Ng, NL Mazzoleni, C Dubey, M Brem, B Kok, G Subramanian, R Freitag, S Clarke, A Thornhill, D Marr, LC Kolb, CE Worsnop, DR Davidovits, P AF Cross, Eben S. Onasch, Timothy B. Ahern, Adam Wrobel, William Slowik, Jay G. Olfert, Jason Lack, Daniel A. Massoli, Paola Cappa, Christopher D. Schwarz, Joshua P. Spackman, J. Ryan Fahey, David W. Sedlacek, Arthur Trimborn, Achim Jayne, John T. Freedman, Andrew Williams, Leah R. Ng, Nga L. Mazzoleni, Claudio Dubey, Manvendra Brem, Benjamin Kok, Greg Subramanian, R. Freitag, Steffen Clarke, Antony Thornhill, Dwight Marr, Linsey C. Kolb, Charles E. Worsnop, Douglas R. Davidovits, Paul TI Soot Particle StudiesInstrument Inter-ComparisonProject Overview SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAVITY-RING-DOWN; AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETER; AERODYNAMIC DIAMETER MEASUREMENTS; DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLES; BLACK-CARBON; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; SULFURIC-ACID; MEXICO-CITY; INTEGRATING NEPHELOMETER; DENSITY CHARACTERIZATION AB An inter-comparison study of instruments designed to measure the microphysical and optical properties of soot particles was completed. The following mass-based instruments were tested: Couette Centrifugal Particle Mass Analyzer (CPMA), Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass SpectrometerScanning Mobility Particle Sizer (AMS-SMPS), Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2), Soot Particle-Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (SP-AMS) and Photoelectric Aerosol Sensor (PAS2000CE). Optical instruments measured absorption (photoacoustic, interferometric, and filter-based), scattering (in situ), and extinction (light attenuation within an optical cavity). The study covered an experimental matrix consisting of 318 runs that systematically tested the performance of instruments across a range of parameters including: fuel equivalence ratio (1.8 phi 5), particle shape (mass-mobility exponent (Dfm), 2.0 Dfm 3.0), particle mobility size (30 dm 300 nm), black carbon mass (0.07 mBC 4.2 fg) and particle chemical composition. In selected runs, particles were coated with sulfuric acid or dioctyl sebacate (DOS) (0.5 rve 201 nm) where rve is the change in the volume equivalent radius due to the coating material. The effect of non-absorbing coatings on instrument response was determined. Changes in the morphology of fractal soot particles were monitored during coating and denuding processes and the effect of particle shape on instrument response was determined. The combination of optical and mass based measurements was used to determine the mass specific absorption coefficient for denuded soot particles. The single scattering albedo of the particles was also measured. An overview of the experiments and sample results are presented. C1 [Cross, Eben S.; Onasch, Timothy B.; Ahern, Adam; Wrobel, William; Davidovits, Paul] Boston Coll, Dept Chem, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [Cross, Eben S.; Onasch, Timothy B.; Ahern, Adam; Massoli, Paola; Trimborn, Achim; Jayne, John T.; Freedman, Andrew; Williams, Leah R.; Ng, Nga L.; Kolb, Charles E.; Worsnop, Douglas R.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Slowik, Jay G.] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Olfert, Jason; Sedlacek, Arthur] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Lack, Daniel A.; Massoli, Paola; Schwarz, Joshua P.; Spackman, J. Ryan; Fahey, David W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Cappa, Christopher D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Mazzoleni, Claudio; Dubey, Manvendra] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Brem, Benjamin] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Kok, Greg; Subramanian, R.] Droplet Measurement Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Freitag, Steffen; Clarke, Antony] Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Thornhill, Dwight; Marr, Linsey C.] Virginia Tech, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Olfert, Jason] Univ Alberta, Dept Mech Engn, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Mazzoleni, Claudio] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Lack, Daniel A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Cross, ES (reprint author), MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM escross@mit.edu RI Slowik, Jay/F-4894-2011; Lucas, Elizabeth/E-2733-2010; Lack, Daniel/I-9053-2012; Kolb, Charles/A-8596-2009; Marr, Linsey/C-9698-2010; Dubey, Manvendra/E-3949-2010; Mazzoleni, Claudio/E-5615-2011; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Subramanian, R/A-4913-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Worsnop, Douglas/D-2817-2009 OI Slowik, Jay/0000-0001-5682-850X; Marr, Linsey/0000-0003-3628-6891; Dubey, Manvendra/0000-0002-3492-790X; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; Subramanian, R/0000-0002-5553-5913; Worsnop, Douglas/0000-0002-8928-8017 FU Office of Science (BER), Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER63995]; National Science Foundation [ATM-052535, ATM-0854916]; NOAA; NASA; Upper Atmosphere Research Program; Gold-haber Distinguished Fellowship Program FX This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), Department of Energy (Atmospheric Science Program) grant No. DE-FG02-05ER63995 and the Atmospheric Chemistry Program of the National Science Foundation grants No. ATM-0525355 and ATM-0854916 to Boston College and Aerodyne Research, Inc. NOAA SP2 participation was supported by the NOAA Atmospheric Composition and Climate, and Health of the Atmosphere Programs, and the NASA Radiation Sciences Program and Upper Atmosphere Research Program. J. Olfert would like to thank Cambustion Ltd. for lending the Couette CPMA for this study. J. Olfert acknowledges the Gold-haber Distinguished Fellowship Program for providing funding for this project. C. Mazzoleni would like to thank MTU for start-up funds for SEM analysis and Owen P. Mills and Claire F. Drom at the Applied Chemical and Morphological Analysis Laboratory for their support. NR 70 TC 104 Z9 104 U1 3 U2 73 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 EI 1521-7388 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 44 IS 8 BP 592 EP 611 AR PII 924397787 DI 10.1080/02786826.2010.482113 PG 20 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 626JM UT WOS:000279962200002 ER PT J AU Schwarz, JP Spackman, JR Gao, RS Perring, AE Cross, E Onasch, TB Ahern, A Wrobel, W Davidovits, P Olfert, J Dubey, MK Mazzoleni, C Fahey, DW AF Schwarz, J. P. Spackman, J. R. Gao, R. S. Perring, A. E. Cross, E. Onasch, T. B. Ahern, A. Wrobel, W. Davidovits, P. Olfert, J. Dubey, M. K. Mazzoleni, C. Fahey, D. W. TI The Detection Efficiency of the Single Particle Soot Photometer SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED INCANDESCENCE; BLACK CARBON; MASS ANALYZER; AEROSOLS; STATE AB A single particle soot photometer (SP2) uses an intense laser to heat individual aerosol particles of refractory black carbon (rBC) to vaporization, causing them to emit detectable amounts of thermal radiation that are used to quantify rBC mass. This approach is well suited for the detection of the majority of rBC mass loading in the ambient atmosphere, which occurs primarily in the accumulation mode ( 1-300 fg-rBC/particle). In addition to operator choices about instrument parameters, SP2 detection of rBC number and/or mass can be limited by the physical process inherent in the SP2 detection technique namely at small rBC mass or low laser intensities, particles fail to heat to vaporization, a requirement for proper detection. In this study, the SP2's ability to correctly detect and count individual flame-generated soot particles was measured at different laser intensities for different rBC particle masses. The flame-generated soot aerosol used for testing was optionally prepared with coatings of organic and non-organic material and/or thermally denuded. These data are used to identify a minimum laser intensity for accurate detection at sea level of total rBC mass in the accumulation mode (300 nW/(220-nm PSL)), a minimum rBC mass ( 0.7-fg rBC-mass corresponding to 90 nm volume-equivalent diameter) for near-unity number detection efficiency with a typical operating laser intensity (450 nW/(220-nm PSL)), and a methodology using observed color temperature to recognize laser intensity insufficient for accurate rBC mass detection. Additionally, methods for measurement of laser intensity using either laboratory or ambient aerosol are presented. C1 [Schwarz, J. P.; Spackman, J. R.; Gao, R. S.; Perring, A. E.; Fahey, D. W.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Schwarz, J. P.; Spackman, J. R.; Perring, A. E.; Fahey, D. W.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cross, E.; Onasch, T. B.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Ahern, A.; Wrobel, W.; Davidovits, P.] Boston Coll, Dept Chem, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [Olfert, J.] Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Dubey, M. K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Mazzoleni, C.] Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Schwarz, JP (reprint author), 325 Broadway R CSD 6, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Joshua.p.schwarz@noaa.gov RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Mazzoleni, Claudio/E-5615-2011; Dubey, Manvendra/E-3949-2010; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Perring, Anne/G-4597-2013; Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013 OI Dubey, Manvendra/0000-0002-3492-790X; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634 FU NOAA; NASA; Office of Science (BER), Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER63995]; National Science Foundation [ATM-0525355] FX NOAASP2 participation was supported by the NOAA Atmospheric Composition and Climate, and Health of the Atmosphere Programs, and the NASA Radiation Sciences Program and Upper Atmosphere Research Program. The intercomparison was supported in part by the Office of Science (BER), Department of Energy (Atmospheric Science Program) grant No. DE-FG02-05ER63995, and the Atmospheric Chemistry Program of the National Science Foundation, grant No. ATM-0525355. NR 25 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 38 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 EI 1521-7388 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 44 IS 8 BP 612 EP 628 AR PII 924376370 DI 10.1080/02786826.2010.481298 PG 17 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 626JM UT WOS:000279962200003 ER PT J AU Baigorria, GA Chelliah, M Mo, KC Romero, CC Jones, JW O'Brien, JJ Higgins, RW AF Baigorria, Guillermo A. Chelliah, Muthuvel Mo, Kingtse C. Romero, Consuelo C. Jones, James W. O'Brien, James J. Higgins, R. Wayne TI Forecasting Cotton Yield in the Southeastern United States using Coupled Global Circulation Models SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE FORECAST; TEMPERATURE; SYSTEM; VARIABILITY; RAINFALL; USA; PREDICTABILITY; INFORMATION; GROWTH; SKILL AB We developed methods of forecasting cotton (Gossypium birsutum L. var. birsutum) yields at a county level 3 mo before harvest for the states of Alabama and Georgia. Cotton yield historical records for 57 counties were obtained from NASS and detrended using a low-pass spectral filter. A Canonical Correlation Analysis regression-based model was annually recalibrated to incorporate the year-by-year accumulating data: (i) April-June (during vegetative growth) observed rainfall for the forecasting year, and (ii) July-September (during reproductive growth) global-scaled 2-m mean temperatures for years before the forecasting year, beginning with 1970. We produced two types of forecasts: short range and medium range. The short-range near-term yield forecast (just before initiating harvest in the region) used gridded assimilated observed 2-m mean temperatures obtained from the NCEP-NCAR CDAS Reanalysis data. The medium-range forecast (3 mo before harvest) used 2-m mean temperature retrospective forecasts from the operational NOAA/NWS/NCEP Climate Forecasts System coupled global circulation model. The short-range, near-term forecast performance was measured by leave-one-out cross-validation and retroactive validation, whereas medium-range forecast performance used the previous two methods plus a proposed coral-reef validation method. The agreement between short-range near-term forecast and actual cotton yield was statistically significant at the 0.05 level in 31 out of 57 counties. For 4896 of these 31 counties, the agreements between medium-range forecasts and actual cotton yields were statistically significant at the 0.05 level. The goodness-of-fit index for those 15 counties was 0.51 and the RMSE ranged from 13 to 31% of the annual yield. C1 [Baigorria, Guillermo A.; Romero, Consuelo C.; Jones, James W.] Univ Florida, Agr & Biol Engn Dep, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Chelliah, Muthuvel; Mo, Kingtse C.; Higgins, R. Wayne] NCEP NWS NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [O'Brien, James J.] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Baigorria, GA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Agr & Biol Engn Dep, Frazier Rogers Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM gbaigorr@ifas.ufl.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration- Climate Project Office- Climate Test Bed (NOAA/CPO/CTB) FX The research was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration- Climate Project Office- Climate Test Bed (NOAA/CPO/CTB) and developed under the auspices of the Southeast Climate Consortium (SECC). The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its subagencies. NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 102 IS 1 BP 187 EP 196 DI 10.2134/agronj2009.0201 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 545QE UT WOS:000273750500027 ER PT S AU Clawson, KL Finn, D Carter, RG Rich, JD Eckman, RM Perry, SG Isakov, V Heist, DK Pierce, T AF Clawson, Kirk L. Finn, Dennis Carter, Roger G. Rich, Jason D. Eckman, Richard M. Perry, Steven G. Isakov, Vlad Heist, David K. Pierce, Thomas BE Steyn, DG Rao, ST TI NOAA EPA Near-Roadway Sound Barrier Atmospheric Tracer Study 2008 SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION XX SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B-Physics and Biophysics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th NATO/SPS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and Its Applications CY MAY 18-22, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA SP NATO, SPS DE Wake zone; traffic emissions; pollutant dispersion near roadways; concentration deficits; atmospheric tracer; atmospheric stability ID AIR-QUALITY; IMPACTS AB A roadway toxics dispersion study was conducted at the Idaho National Laboratory to document the effects on concentrations of roadway emissions behind a roadside sound barrier in various conditions of atmospheric stability. The key finding was that reduced concentrations were measured behind the barrier in all stability conditions. It was also found that the magnitude of the concentration footprint behind the barrier was tied to atmospheric stability and that the roadway tended to trap high concentrations during light wind speed conditions. C1 [Clawson, Kirk L.; Finn, Dennis; Carter, Roger G.; Rich, Jason D.; Eckman, Richard M.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Field Res Div, 1750 Foote Dr, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. [Perry, Steven G.; Isakov, Vlad; Heist, David K.; Pierce, Thomas] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Clawson, KL (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Field Res Div, 1750 Foote Dr, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. EM kirk.clawson@Noaa.agov RI Clawson, Kirk/C-5910-2016; Eckman, Richard/D-1476-2016; Finn, Dennis/C-3204-2016 OI Clawson, Kirk/0000-0002-8789-9607; FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the U.S Goverment [DW-13-92274201-0] FX We Wish to thank Alan Vette and S.T.Rao from the Contributions they made to the study. This Work Was Completed under Interagency Agreement DW-13-92274201-0 between the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the U.S Goverment right to retain a nonexculusive royal-free locenes in and copyright is.acknowledged. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-465X BN 978-90-481-3810-4 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SEC B PY 2010 BP 27 EP + PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BPY43 UT WOS:000280347800005 ER PT S AU Lee, P Byun, D Stein, A Tang, YH Lin, HM Huang, HC Lu, S Tsidulko, M McQueen, J Tong, D Yu, SC Chai, TF Kim, D Stajner, I Davidson, P AF Lee, Pius Byun, Daewon Stein, Ariel Tang, You-Hua Lin, Hsin-Mu Huang, Ho-Chun Lu, Sarah Tsidulko, Marina McQueen, Jeff Tong, Daniel Yu, Shaocai Chai, Tianfeng Kim, Dongchul Stajner, Ivanka Davidson, Paula BE Steyn, DG Rao, ST TI Effect of Temporal Averaging of Vertical Eddy Diffusivity on the Forecast Quality of Surface Ozone Concentration of the National Air Quality Forecast SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION XX SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B-Physics and Biophysics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th NATO/SPS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and Its Applications CY MAY 18-22, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA SP NATO, SPS ID MODEL; CMAQ AB Air Quality forecast models are employed to provide numerical guidance for forecasters to issue timely ozone and particulate matter concentration forecast pertinent to human health exposures to the communities they serve. The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), National Weather Service Weather Research and Forecasting Non-hydrostatic Mesoscale Model (WRF/NMM) has been coupled off-line with the EPA Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model in 2003 to form the National Air Quality Forecast Capability (NAQFC). Coupling of the turbulent mixing processes of the meteorological driver and CMAQ has been a challenge. WRF/NMM uses the Mellor-Yamada-Janjic (MYJ) turbulence mixing scheme in the boundary layer. The option of directly using MYJ provided vertical eddy diffusivity to calculate turbulent mixing of the atmospheric chemical constituents in CMAQ has been tested. This study investigated the effect of various temporal averaging treatments of vertical eddy diffusivity in redistributing ozone in the boundary layer. Model predicted concentration structures of ozone resulting from these various temporal treatments of vertical eddy diffusivity have been studied and verified using AIRNOW, an EPA surface ozone concentration network, and ozone-sonde data. C1 [Lee, Pius; Byun, Daewon; Stein, Ariel] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Lee, P (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, 1315 EW Highway,Room 3316, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM pius.lee@noaaa.gov RI Tong, Daniel/A-8255-2008; Stein, Ariel F/L-9724-2014; Chai, Tianfeng/E-5577-2010; Stajner, Ivanka/B-5228-2009; Tang, Youhua/D-5205-2016; Lee, Pius/D-5201-2016 OI Tong, Daniel/0000-0002-4255-4568; Stein, Ariel F/0000-0002-9560-9198; Chai, Tianfeng/0000-0003-3520-2641; Stajner, Ivanka/0000-0001-6103-3939; Tang, Youhua/0000-0001-7089-7915; NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-465X BN 978-90-481-3810-4 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SEC B PY 2010 BP 295 EP 301 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BPY43 UT WOS:000280347800053 ER PT S AU Lu, S Huang, HC Hou, YT Tang, YH McQueen, J da Silva, A Chin, MA Joseph, E Stockwell, W AF Lu, Sarah Huang, Ho-Chun Hou, Yu-Tai Tang, Youhua McQueen, Jeff da Silva, Arlindo Chin, Mian Joseph, Everette Stockwell, William BE Steyn, DG Rao, ST TI Development of NCEP Global Aerosol Forecasting System: An Overview and It Applications for Improving Weather and Air Quality Forecasts SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION XX SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B-Physics and Biophysics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th NATO/SPS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and Its Applications CY MAY 18-22, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA SP NATO, SPS DE Aerosols; lateral boundary condition; aerosol-radiation feedback AB The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Environmental Modeling Center (EMC) is developing global aerosol forecasting and assimilation capabilities to improve the treatment of radiation feedback in the numerical weather predictions and to provide aerosols boundary conditions for the regional air quality forecast system. This paper present two impact studies: (1) the impact of lateral aerosol boundary conditions on aerosol air quality forecasts, and (2) the impact of improved aerosol treatment on medium range weather forecasts. C1 [Lu, Sarah; Huang, Ho-Chun; Hou, Yu-Tai; Tang, Youhua; McQueen, Jeff] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Lu, S (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI da Silva, Arlindo/D-6301-2012; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012; Tang, Youhua/D-5205-2016 OI da Silva, Arlindo/0000-0002-3381-4030; Tang, Youhua/0000-0001-7089-7915 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-465X BN 978-90-481-3810-4 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SEC B PY 2010 BP 451 EP 454 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BPY43 UT WOS:000280347800079 ER PT S AU Fiore, AM Levy, H Ming, Y Fang, Y Horowitz, LW AF Fiore, A. M. Levy, H., II Ming, Y. Fang, Y. Horowitz, L. W. BE Steyn, DG Rao, ST TI Interactions Between Climate and Air Quality SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION XX SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B-Physics and Biophysics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th NATO/SPS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and Its Applications CY MAY 18-22, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA SP NATO, SPS ID TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; GLOBAL CHANGES; UNITED-STATES; METHANE; MODEL; ATTRIBUTION; EMISSIONS; POLLUTION; AEROSOLS; TRENDS AB We present two examples of air pollutant contributions to climate forcing. First, oxidation of the potent greenhouse gas methane produces tropospheric ozone, another greenhouse gas and the primary constituent of ground-level smog. Methane emission controls are thus a "win-win" strategy for jointly addressing air quality and climate goals, particularly given the availability of low-cost emission control options. Second is the "win-lose" case of aerosol sulfate, where decreases improve air quality but lead to additional warming due to decreased scattering of solar radiation. We highlight the potential for aerosols to change the hydrologic cycle and key aspects of how climate change may affect air quality, underscoring a need for evaluating chemistry-climate models with observed relationships between meteorology and air pollutants to build confidence in future projections. C1 [Fiore, A. M.; Levy, H., II; Ming, Y.; Fang, Y.; Horowitz, L. W.] NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Fiore, AM (reprint author), NOAA, GFDL, POB 308, Princeton, NJ USA. RI Fang, Yuanyuan/F-1308-2011 OI Fang, Yuanyuan/0000-0001-7067-7103 NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-465X BN 978-90-481-3810-4 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SEC B PY 2010 BP 481 EP 489 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BPY43 UT WOS:000280347800085 ER PT S AU Gladkova, I Grossberg, M Shahriar, F AF Gladkova, Irina Grossberg, Michael Shahriar, Fazlul BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Quantitative Image Restoration SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XVI CY APR 05-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE ID FIELDS AB Even with the most extensive precautions and careful planning, space based imagers will inevitably experience problems resulting in partial data corruption and possible loss. Such a loss occurs, for example, when individual image detectors are damaged. For a scanning imager this results in missing lines in the image. Images with missing lines can wreak havoc since algorithms not typically designed to handle missing pixels. Currently the metadata stores the locations of missing data, and naive spatial interpolation is used to fill it in. Naive interpolation methods can create image artifacts and even statistically or physically implausible image values. We present a general method, which uses non-linear statistical regression to estimate the values of the missing data in a principled manner. A statistically based estimate is desirable because it will preserve the statistical structure of the uncorrupted data and avoid the artifacts of naive interpolation. It also means that the restored images are suitable as input for higher-level statistical products. Previous methods replaced the missing values with those of a single closely related band, by applying a function or lookup table. We propose to use the redundant information in multiple bands to restore the lost information. The estimator we present in this paper uses values in a neighborhood of the pixel to be estimated, and propose a value based on training data from the uncorrupted pixels. Since we use the spatial variations in other channels, we avoid the blurring inherent spatial interpolation, which have implicit smoothness priors. C1 [Gladkova, Irina; Grossberg, Michael; Shahriar, Fazlul] CUNY City Coll, NOAA, CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Gladkova, I (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, NOAA, CREST, 138th St & Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM gladkova@cs.ccny.cuny.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8159-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7695 AR 769519 DI 10.1117/12.851731 PG 12 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BSS80 UT WOS:000285716700043 ER PT J AU Staymates, JL Gillen, G AF Staymates, Jessica L. Gillen, Greg TI Fabrication and characterization of gelatin-based test materials for verification of trace contraband vapor detectors SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID ION MOBILITY SPECTROMETRY; CHEMICAL-WARFARE AGENTS AB This work describes a method to produce inexpensive and field deployable test materials that can be used to verify the performance of trace contraband vapor detection systems such as ion mobility spectrometers (IMS) currently deployed worldwide for explosives, narcotics, and chemical warfare agent (CWA) detection. Requirements for such field deployable test materials include long shelf life, portability, and low manufacturing costs. Reported here is a method for fabricating these test materials using encapsulation of high vapor pressure compounds, such as methyl salicylate (MS), into a gelatin matrix. Gelatin serves as a diffusion barrier allowing for controlled and sustained release of test vapors. Test materials were prepared by incorporating serial dilutions of MS into gelatin, which provide controlled analyte vapor release over 3 to 4 orders of magnitude of instrument response. The test materials are simple to prepare and have been shown to be stable for at least one year under controlled laboratory conditions. C1 [Staymates, Jessica L.; Gillen, Greg] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Staymates, JL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jessica.staymates@nist.gov FU Science and Technology Directorate of the US Department of Homeland Security; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX The Science and Technology Directorate of the US Department of Homeland Security sponsored the production of this work under an Interagency Agreement with the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2010 VL 135 IS 10 BP 2573 EP 2578 DI 10.1039/c0an00380h PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 652JX UT WOS:000282003800013 PM 20820496 ER PT J AU Reiner, JE Jahn, A Stavis, SM Culbertson, MJ Vreeland, WN Burden, DL Geist, J Gaitan, M AF Reiner, Joseph E. Jahn, Andreas Stavis, Samuel M. Culbertson, Michael J. Vreeland, Wyatt N. Burden, Daniel L. Geist, Jon Gaitan, Michael TI Accurate Optical Analysis of Single-Molecule Entrapment in Nanoscale Vesicles SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENCE CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; LIGHT-SCATTERING; FLUCTUATION SPECTROSCOPY; LIPID VESICLES; LIPOSOMES; ENCAPSULATION; NANOPARTICLES; DISTRIBUTIONS; SIZE; NANOCONTAINERS AB We present a nondestructive method to accurately characterize low analyte concentrations (0-10 molecules) in nanometer-scale lipid vesicles. Our approach is based on the application of fluorescence fluctuation analysis (FFA) and multiangle laser light scattering (MALUS) in conjunction with asymmetric field flow fractionation (AFFF) to measure the entrapment efficiency (the ratio of the concentration of encapsulated dye to the initial bulk concentration) of an ensemble of liposomes with an average diameter less than 100 nm. Water-soluble sulforhodamine B (SRB) was loaded into the aqueous interior of nanoscale liposomes synthesized in a microfluidic device. A confocal microscope was used to detect a laser-induced fluorescence signal resulting from both encapsulated and unencapsulated SRB molecules. The first two cumulants of this signal along with the autocorrelation function (ACF) were used to quantify liposome entrapment efficiency. Our analysis moves beyond typical, nonphysical assumptions of equal liposome size and brightness. These advances are essential for characterizing liposomes in the single-molecule encapsulation regime. Our work has further analytical impact because it could increase the interrogation time of free-solution molecular analysis by an order of magnitude and form the basis for the development of liposome standard reference materials. C1 [Reiner, Joseph E.; Jahn, Andreas; Stavis, Samuel M.; Geist, Jon; Gaitan, Michael] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Culbertson, Michael J.; Burden, Daniel L.] Wheaton Coll, Dept Chem, Wheaton, IL 60187 USA. [Vreeland, Wyatt N.] NIST, Div Biotechnol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Reiner, JE (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.reiner@nist.gov RI Reiner, Joseph/B-7893-2013; OI Geist, Jon/0000-0001-7749-318X; Reiner, Joseph/0000-0002-1056-8703; Culbertson, Michael/0000-0001-6883-9767 FU American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund (ACS-PRF); Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation Teacher-Scholar Award; National Science Foundation [0550005, 0722688] FX M.J.C. and D.L.B. acknowledge funding from the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund (ACS-PRF), the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation Teacher-Scholar Award, and the National Science Foundation (0550005, 0722688). This research was performed while S.M.S. held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Commercial names of materials and equipment arc identified only to adequately specify the experimental procedures. This does not imply a recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that they are the best available for the purpose. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 1 BP 180 EP 188 DI 10.1021/ac901698v PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 539OT UT WOS:000273265700033 PM 19950933 ER PT J AU Xiang, SC Zhou, W Zhang, ZJ Green, MA Liu, Y Chen, BL AF Xiang, Shengchang Zhou, Wei Zhang, Zhangjing Green, Mark A. Liu, Yun Chen, Banglin TI Open Metal Sites within Isostructural Metal-Organic Frameworks for Differential Recognition of Acetylene and Extraordinarily High Acetylene Storage Capacity at Room Temperature SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE acetylene; mesoporous materials; metal-organic frameworks; molecular recognition; structure elucidation ID COORDINATION POLYMER; SORPTION PROPERTIES; HYDROGEN ADSORPTION; AIR SEPARATION; GAS-STORAGE; H-2; POROSITY; MOLECULES; CATALYSIS; SIZE C1 [Zhou, Wei; Green, Mark A.; Liu, Yun] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xiang, Shengchang; Zhang, Zhangjing; Chen, Banglin] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Liu, Yun] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yunliu@nist.gov; banglin.chen@utsa.edu RI Chen, Banglin/F-5461-2010; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; Zhang, Zhangjing/A-1038-2011; Xiang, Shengchang/F-9210-2010; Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Zhang, Zhangjing/P-2680-2014 OI Chen, Banglin/0000-0001-8707-8115; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; Xiang, Shengchang/0000-0001-6016-2587; Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Zhang, Zhangjing/0000-0003-1264-7648 FU NSF [CHE 0718281]; Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy through the Hydrogen Sorption Center of Excellence FX We would like to thank Dr. Dan Neumann for many useful discussions. This work was supported by an Award CHE 0718281 from the NSF (B.C.). Work at NIST was supported in part by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy through the Hydrogen Sorption Center of Excellence. This manuscript was prepared under cooperative agreement 70NANB7H6178 from NIST, US Department of Commerce. NR 59 TC 150 Z9 150 U1 5 U2 63 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2010 VL 49 IS 27 BP 4615 EP 4618 DI 10.1002/anie.201000094 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 620OF UT WOS:000279508500015 PM 20491101 ER PT J AU Liu, YL Walker, ARH AF Liu, Yonglin Walker, A. R. Hight TI Monodisperse Gold Copper Bimetallic Nanocubes: Facile One-Step Synthesis with Controllable Size and Composition SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE alloys; copper; gold; nanocubes; nanostructures ID SHAPE-CONTROLLED SYNTHESIS; PLATINUM NANOCRYSTALS; PYRROLE HYDROGENATION; SELECTIVE SYNTHESIS; AUCU3 NANOCRYSTALS; CONTRAST AGENTS; NANOPARTICLES; NANOCAGES; CLUSTERS; TRANSFORMATION C1 [Liu, Yonglin; Walker, A. R. Hight] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Liu, YL (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009 OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672 FU National Research Council (NRC, NIH(NIBIB)/NIST); NSF; University of Maryland X-ray crystallographic center; XRD FX Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper to foster understanding and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by NIST, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose Y.L acknowledges the support of the National Research Council (NRC, NIH(NIBIB)/NIST) for a research associate fellowship Both authors acknowledge the Maryland NanoCenter and its NispLab (the NispLab is supported in part by the NSF as a MRSEC Shared Experimental Facility), the University of Maryland X-ray crystallographic center, and Dr Zhufang Liu for XRD measurements NR 51 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 5 U2 93 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2010 VL 49 IS 38 BP 6781 EP 6785 DI 10.1002/anie.201001931 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 659BF UT WOS:000282541300013 PM 20715029 ER PT J AU Burress, JW Gadipelli, S Ford, J Simmons, JM Zhou, W Yildirim, T AF Burress, Jacob W. Gadipelli, Srinivas Ford, Jamie Simmons, Jason M. Zhou, Wei Yildirim, Taner TI Graphene Oxide Framework Materials: Theoretical Predictions and Experimental Results SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE boronic acids; carbon dioxide capture; graphene oxide; hydrogen storage; nanomaterials ID ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; HYDROGEN STORAGE; ADSORPTION C1 [Burress, Jacob W.; Gadipelli, Srinivas; Ford, Jamie; Simmons, Jason M.; Zhou, Wei; Yildirim, Taner] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gadipelli, Srinivas; Ford, Jamie; Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Yildirim, T (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM taner@seas.upenn.edu RI Burress, Jacob/C-8258-2009; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009; Gadipelli, Srinivas/A-8622-2010 OI Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; Gadipelli, Srinivas/0000-0002-1362-6905 FU DOE BES [DE-FG02-08ER46522] FX This work was supported by the DOE BES Grant No. DE-FG02-08ER46522. Special thanks go to Prof. J. E. Fischer at UPenn for the use of his lab for the synthesis of GO. We thank Chris Stafford of NIST for assistance with XPS. NR 15 TC 145 Z9 148 U1 7 U2 138 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 EI 1521-3773 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2010 VL 49 IS 47 BP 8902 EP 8904 DI 10.1002/anie.201003328 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 705PP UT WOS:000286149700013 PM 20936611 ER PT J AU Ganushkina, NY Liemohn, MW Kubyshkina, MV Ilie, R Singer, HJ AF Ganushkina, N. Yu Liemohn, M. W. Kubyshkina, M. V. Ilie, R. Singer, H. J. TI Distortions of the magnetic field by storm-time current systems in Earth's magnetosphere SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Magnetospheric physics; Current systems; Magnetospheric configuration and dynamics; Storms and substorms ID ASYMMETRIC RING CURRENT; TAIL CURRENT; MODEL; SUBSTORM; PLASMA; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; MAGNETOPAUSE; SIMULATION; DRIVEN; SHEET AB Magnetic field and current system changes in Earth's inner magnetosphere during storm times are studied using two principally different modeling approaches: on one hand, the event-oriented empirical magnetic field model, and, on the other, the Space Weather Modeling Framework (SWMF) built around a global MHD simulation. Two storm events, one moderate storm on 6-7 November 1997 with Dst minimum about -120 nT and one intense storm on 21-23 October 1999 with Dst minimum about -250 nT were modeled. Both modeling approaches predicted a large ring current ( first partial, later symmetric) contribution to the magnetic field perturbation for the intense storm. For the moderate storm, the tail current plays a dominant role in the event-oriented model results, while the SWMF results showed no strong tail current in the main phase, which resulted in a poorly timed storm peak relative to the observations. These results imply that the the development of a ring current depends on a strong force to inject the particles deep into the inner magnetosphere, and that the tail current is an important external source for the distortions of the inner magnetospheric magnetic field for both storms. Neither modeling approach was able to reproduce all the variations in the B-x and By components observed at geostationary orbit by GOES satellites during these two storms: the magnetopause current intensifications are inadequate, and the field-aligned currents are not sufficiently represented. While the event-oriented model reproduces rather well the B-z component at geostationary orbit, including the substorm-associated changes, the SWMF field is too dipolar at these locations. The empirical model is a useful tool for validation of the first-principle based models such as the SWMF. C1 [Ganushkina, N. Yu; Liemohn, M. W.; Ilie, R.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Ganushkina, N. Yu] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Kubyshkina, M. V.] St Petersburg State Univ, Inst Phys, St Petersburg, Russia. [Singer, H. J.] NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Ganushkina, NY (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM natalia.ganushkina@fmi.fi RI Liemohn, Michael/H-8703-2012; Ilie, Raluca/A-9291-2013; Kubyshkina, Marina/G-9436-2013; Ganushkina, Natalia/K-6314-2013 OI Liemohn, Michael/0000-0002-7039-2631; Kubyshkina, Marina/0000-0001-5897-9547; FU NASA [NNG05GM48G, NNX07AL88G, NNX08AQ15G]; NSF [ATM-0802705]; LANL-IGPP; Academy of Finland FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of this work by NASA through grants NNG05GM48G, NNX07AL88G, and NNX08AQ15G, by NSF through grant ATM-0802705, and by the LANL-IGPP minigrant program. We thank K. Ogilvie and R. Lepping for the use of WIND data in this paper, World Data Center C2 for Geomagnetism, Kyoto, for the provisional AE, Kp and Dst indices data. The data were obtained from the Coordinated Data Analysis Web (CDAWeb). Natalia Ganushkina's work was partly supported by the Academy of Finland. We thank T. Pulkkinen for very useful discussions. NR 47 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2010 VL 28 IS 1 BP 123 EP 140 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 550OI UT WOS:000274136900012 ER PT J AU Mierla, M Inhester, B Antunes, A Boursier, Y Byrne, JP Colaninno, R Davila, J de Koning, CA Gallagher, PT Gissot, S Howard, RA Howard, TA Kramar, M Lamy, P Liewer, PC Maloney, S Marque, C McAteer, TJ Moran, T Rodriguez, L Srivastava, N Cyr, OCS Stenborg, G Temmer, M Thernisien, A Vourlidas, A West, MJ Wood, BE Zhukov, AN AF Mierla, M. Inhester, B. Antunes, A. Boursier, Y. Byrne, J. P. Colaninno, R. Davila, J. de Koning, C. A. Gallagher, P. T. Gissot, S. Howard, R. A. Howard, T. A. Kramar, M. Lamy, P. Liewer, P. C. Maloney, S. Marque, C. McAteer, T. J. Moran, T. Rodriguez, L. Srivastava, N. Cyr, O. C. St. Stenborg, G. Temmer, M. Thernisien, A. Vourlidas, A. West, M. J. Wood, B. E. Zhukov, A. N. TI On the 3-D reconstruction of Coronal Mass Ejections using coronagraph data SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Solar physics, astrophysics, and astronomy; Flares and mass ejections ID GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; STEREO MISSION; CONE MODEL; SECCHI; LASCO; CMES; ASSOCIATION; TRANSIENTS; SPACECRAFT; GEOMETRY AB Coronal Mass ejections (CMEs) are enormous eruptions of magnetized plasma expelled from the Sun into the interplanetary space, over the course of hours to days. They can create major disturbances in the interplanetary medium and trigger severe magnetic storms when they collide with the Earth's magnetosphere. It is important to know their real speed, propagation direction and 3-D configuration in order to accurately predict their arrival time at the Earth. Using data from the SECCHI coronagraphs onboard the STEREO mission, which was launched in October 2006, we can infer the propagation direction and the 3-D structure of such events. In this review, we first describe different techniques that were used to model the 3-D configuration of CMEs in the coronagraph field of view ( up to 15 R-circle dot). Then, we apply these techniques to different CMEs observed by various coronagraphs. A comparison of results obtained from the application of different reconstruction algorithms is presented and discussed. C1 [Mierla, M.] Romanian Acad, Inst Geodynam, Bucharest, Romania. [Mierla, M.; Gissot, S.; Marque, C.; Rodriguez, L.; West, M. J.; Zhukov, A. N.] Royal Observ Belgium, Solar Terr Ctr Excellence SIDC, Brussels, Belgium. [Inhester, B.] Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. [Antunes, A.; Howard, R. A.; Vourlidas, A.; Wood, B. E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Boursier, Y.; Lamy, P.] Lab Astrophys Marseille, Marseille, France. [Boursier, Y.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Signal Proc Inst, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Byrne, J. P.; Gallagher, P. T.; Maloney, S.; McAteer, T. J.] Trinity Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Astrophys Res Grp, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Colaninno, R.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [de Koning, C. A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES SWPC, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Howard, T. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Natl Solar Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. [Howard, T. A.] SW Res Inst, Dept Space Studies, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Kramar, M.] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Liewer, P. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Srivastava, N.] Phys Res Lab, Udaipur Solar Observ, Udaipur, India. [Stenborg, G.] Interferometrics Inc, Herndon, VA USA. [Temmer, M.] Graz Univ, Inst Phys, Kanzelhohe Observ IGAM, Graz, Austria. [Thernisien, A.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Zhukov, A. N.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Skobeltsyn Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. RP Mierla, M (reprint author), Romanian Acad, Inst Geodynam, Bucharest, Romania. EM mmierla@gmail.com RI Maloney, Shane/G-6879-2016; Gallagher, Peter/C-7717-2011; Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009; McAteer, R. T. James/D-3736-2011; Byrne, Jason/K-4827-2013 OI Gallagher, Peter/0000-0001-9745-0400; Temmer, Manuela/0000-0003-4867-7558; Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948; Byrne, Jason/0000-0002-9412-8878 FU SIDC; ROB; Austrian Academy of Sciences at the Institute of Physics, University of Graz [APART 11262]; ESA; NASA FX M. M. would like to thank SIDC and ROB for the financial support and for the facilities to carry out this work. M. T. is a recipient of an APART-fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at the Institute of Physics, University of Graz (APART 11262). We acknowledge the SECCHI/STEREO and SOHO/LASCO consortia for providing the data. The SEC-CHI data used here were produced by an international consortium of the Naval Research Laboratory (USA), Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Lab (USA), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (USA), Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK), University of Birmingham (UK), Max-Planck Institute for Solar System Research (Germany), Centre Spatiale de Liege (Belgium), Institut d'Optique Theorique et Appliquee (France), Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale (France). The LASCO data used here were produced by an international consortium of the Naval Research Laboratory (USA), the Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (France, the former Laboratoire d'Astronomie Spatiale), the Max-Planck Institute for Solar System Research (Germany), and the School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, (UK). SoHO is a project of joint collaboration by ESA and NASA. NR 73 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2010 VL 28 IS 1 BP 203 EP 215 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 550OI UT WOS:000274136900019 ER PT J AU Hargreaves, JK Birch, MJ Evans, DS AF Hargreaves, J. K. Birch, M. J. Evans, D. S. TI On the fine structure of medium energy electron fluxes in the auroral zone and related effects in the ionospheric D-region SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Magnetospheric physics; Auroral phenomena; Energetic particles, precipitating; Energetic particles, trapped ID VLF EMISSIONS; ABSORPTION; LATITUDE; EVENTS AB This study is based on measurements of trapped and precipitated electrons of energy > 30 keV and > 100 keV observed by polar orbiting environmental satellites during overpasses of the imaging riometer at Kilpisjarvi, Finland. The satellites are in sun-synchronous orbits of about 850 km altitude, recording the electron fluxes at 2-s time resolution. The riometer measures the radiowave absorption at 38.2 MHz, showing the spatial pattern within a 240 km field of view. The analysis has focussed on two areas. Having found a close correlation between the radiowave absorption and the medium-energy electron fluxes during satellite overpasses, empirical relationships are derived, enabling one quantity to be predicted from the other for three sectors of local time. It is shown that small-scale variations observed during a pass are essentially spatial rather than temporal. Other properties, such as the spectra and the relation between precipitated and trapped components, are also considered in the light of the theory of pitch angle scattering by VLF waves. It is found that the properties and behaviour depend strongly on the time of day. In the noon sector, the precipitated and trapped fluxes are highly correlated through a square law relationship. C1 [Hargreaves, J. K.] Univ Lancaster, Dept Commun Syst, Lancaster LA1 4YW, England. [Hargreaves, J. K.; Birch, M. J.] Univ Cent Lancashire, Jeremiah Horrocks Inst Astrophys & Supercomp, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. [Birch, M. J.] Univ Cent Lancashire, John Tyndall Inst Nucl Res, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. [Evans, D. S.] NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Hargreaves, JK (reprint author), Univ Lancaster, Dept Commun Syst, Lancaster LA1 4YW, England. EM j.hargreaves@lancaster.ac.uk NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2010 VL 28 IS 5 BP 1107 EP 1120 DI 10.5194/angeo-28-1107-2010 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 603CF UT WOS:000278184800006 ER PT J AU Corach, D Lao, O Bobillo, C van Der Gaag, K Zuniga, S Vermeulen, M van Duijn, K Goedbloed, M Vallone, PM Parson, W de Knijff, P Kayser, M AF Corach, Daniel Lao, Oscar Bobillo, Cecilia van Der Gaag, Kristiaan Zuniga, Sofia Vermeulen, Mark van Duijn, Kate Goedbloed, Miriam Vallone, Peter M. Parson, Walther de Knijff, Peter Kayser, Manfred TI Inferring Continental Ancestry of Argentineans from Autosomal, Y-Chromosomal and Mitochondrial DNA SO ANNALS OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Argentina; genetic ancestry; autosomal SNPs; Y-SNPs; mtDNA ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; CONTROL-REGION SEQUENCES; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GENETIC ATTRIBUTES; FORENSIC CASEWORK; MTDNA; MARKERS; EVOLUTIONARY; PROVINCES; STRS AB P>We investigated the bio-geographic ancestry of Argentineans, and quantified their genetic admixture, analyzing 246 unrelated male individuals from eight provinces of three Argentinean regions using ancestry-sensitive DNA markers (ASDM) from autosomal, Y and mitochondrial chromosomes. Our results demonstrate that European, Native American and African ancestry components were detectable in the contemporary Argentineans, the amounts depending on the genetic system applied, exhibiting large inter-individual heterogeneity. Argentineans carried a large fraction of European genetic heritage in their Y-chromosomal (94.1%) and autosomal (78.5%) DNA, but their mitochondrial gene pool is mostly of Native American ancestry (53.7%); instead, African heritage was small in all three genetic systems (< 4%). Population substructure in Argentina considering the eight sampled provinces was very small based on autosomal (0.92% of total variation was between provincial groups, p = 0.005) and mtDNA (1.77%, p = 0.005) data (none with NRY data), and all three genetic systems revealed no substructure when clustering the provinces into the three geographic regions to which they belong. The complex genetic ancestry picture detected in Argentineans underscores the need to apply ASDM from all three genetic systems to infer geographic origins and genetic admixture. This applies to all worldwide areas where people with different continental ancestry live geographically close together. C1 [Corach, Daniel; Bobillo, Cecilia] Univ Buenos Aires, Serv Huellas Digitales Genet, RA-1113 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Corach, Daniel; Bobillo, Cecilia] Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Pharm & Biochem, Catedra Genet & Biol Mol, RA-1113 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Lao, Oscar; Vermeulen, Mark; van Duijn, Kate; Goedbloed, Miriam; Kayser, Manfred] Erasmus Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Forens Mol Biol, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [van Der Gaag, Kristiaan; Zuniga, Sofia; de Knijff, Peter] Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Human & Clin Genet, Leiden, Netherlands. [Vallone, Peter M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Parson, Walther] Innsbruck Med Univ, Inst Legal Med, Innsbruck, Austria. RP Corach, D (reprint author), Univ Buenos Aires, Serv Huellas Digitales Genet, Junin 956, RA-1113 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM dcorach@ffyb.uba.ar OI Lao, Oscar/0000-0002-8525-9649; Corach, Daniel/0000-0002-0662-7424 FU National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET) [PIP 6114, UBACyT B-035]; Austrian Science Fund [TR397]; Netherlands Forensic Institute; Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI) / Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO); Buenos Aires University FX We thank the HGDP-CEPH donors for their contribution to this panel, and Howard Cann for providing DNAs. Our work was supported, in part, by the National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET) PIP 6114 Res. 438/05 and UBACyT B-035 grants to DC, by the FWF Austrian Science Fund (TR397) to WP, by funds from the Netherlands Forensic Institute to MK, and received additional support by a grant from the Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI) / Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) within the framework of the Forensic Genomics Consortium Netherlands (FGCN) to PdK and MK. DC is members of the Carrera del Investigador Cientifico y Tecnologico (CONICET) and MCB is a doctoral fellowship of Buenos Aires University. NR 57 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 89 U2 160 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0003-4800 J9 ANN HUM GENET JI Ann. Hum. Genet. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 74 BP 65 EP 76 DI 10.1111/j.1469-1809.2009.00556.x PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 533OY UT WOS:000272835300008 PM 20059473 ER PT S AU Adler, F Thorpe, MJ Cossel, KC Ye, J AF Adler, Florian Thorpe, Michael J. Cossel, Kevin C. Ye, Jun BE Yeung, ES Zare, RN TI Cavity-Enhanced Direct Frequency Comb Spectroscopy: Technology and Applications SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, VOL 3 SE Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE femtosecond enhancement cavity; trace-gas detection; cold-molecule spectroscopy; ultrasensitive spectroscopy; frequency-domain ultrafast spectroscopy ID OPTICAL PARAMETRIC OSCILLATOR; TI-SAPPHIRE LASER; RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; POLED STOICHIOMETRIC LITAO3; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; HIGH-SENSITIVITY DETECTION; PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FIBERS; ENVELOPE PHASE-CONTROL; HUMAN BREATH ANALYSIS AB Cavity-enhanced direct frequency comb spectroscopy combines broad bandwidth, high spectral resolution, and ultrahigh detection sensitivity in one experimental platform based on an optical frequency comb efficiently coupled to a high-finesse cavity. The effective interaction length between light and matter is increased by the cavity, massively enhancing the sensitivity for measurement of optical losses. Individual comb components act as independent detection channels across a broad spectral window, providing rapid parallel processing. In this review we discuss the principles, the technology, and the first applications that demonstrate the enormous potential of this spectroscopic method. In particular, we describe various frequency comb sources, techniques for efficient coupling between comb and cavity, and detection schemes that utilize the technique's high-resolution, wide-bandwidth, and fast data-acquisition capabilities. We discuss a range of applications, including breath analysis for medical diagnosis, trace-impurity detection in specialty gases, and characterization of a supersonic jet of cold molecules. C1 [Adler, Florian] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Adler, F (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM fadler@jila.colorado.edu; ye@jila.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 NR 146 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 3 U2 71 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1936-1327 BN 978-0-8243-4403-0 J9 ANNU REV ANAL CHEM JI Annu. Rev. Anal. Chem. PY 2010 VL 3 BP 175 EP 205 DI 10.1146/annurev-anchem-060908-155248 PG 31 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA BQB83 UT WOS:000280599500009 PM 20636039 ER PT J AU Deser, C Alexander, MA Xie, SP Phillips, AS AF Deser, Clara Alexander, Michael A. Xie, Shang-Ping Phillips, Adam S. TI Sea Surface Temperature Variability: Patterns and Mechanisms SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE SE Annual Review of Marine Science LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE ocean-atmosphere interaction; El Nino; Pacific Decadal Oscillation; Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation; climate variability ID NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; ATLANTIC MULTIDECADAL OSCILLATION; PACIFIC DECADAL OSCILLATION; NORTHERN HEMISPHERE WINTER; ENSO-LIKE VARIABILITY; EL-NINO; INDIAN-OCEAN; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION AB Patterns of sea surface temperature (SST) variability on interannual and longer timescales result from a combination of atmospheric and oceanic processes. These SST anomaly patterns may be due to intrinsic modes of atmospheric circulation variability that imprint themselves upon the SST field mainly via Surface energy fluxes. Examples include SST fluctuations in the Southern Ocean associated with the Southern Annular Mode, a tripolar pattern of SST anomalies in the North Atlantic associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation, and a pan-Pacific mode known as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (with additional contributions from oceanic processes). They may also result from coupled ocean-atmosphere interactions, such as the El Nino-Southern Oscillation phenomenon in the tropical Indo-Pacific, the tropical Atlantic Nino, and the cross-equatorial meridional modes ill the tropical Pacific and Atlantic. Finally, patterns of SST variability may arise from intrinsic oceanic modes, notably the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. C1 [Deser, Clara; Phillips, Adam S.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate Anal Sect, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Alexander, Michael A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Assoc, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Xie, Shang-Ping] Univ Hawaii, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Deser, C (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate Anal Sect, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM cdeser@ucar.edu; Michael.Alexander@noaa.edu; xie@hawaii.edu; asphilli@ucar.edu RI Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013; Xie, Shang-Ping/C-1254-2009 OI Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427; Xie, Shang-Ping/0000-0002-3676-1325 FU NOAA; National Science Foundation FX Support from the NOAA Climate Program Office's Climate Variability and Predictability Program is gratefully acknowledged. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is supported by the National Science Foundation. NR 112 TC 189 Z9 195 U1 12 U2 89 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1941-1405 EI 1941-0611 J9 ANNU REV MAR SCI JI Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. PY 2010 VL 2 BP 115 EP 143 DI 10.1146/annurev-marine-120408-151453 PG 29 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 548SA UT WOS:000273985300005 PM 21141660 ER PT J AU Sabine, CL Tanhua, T AF Sabine, Christopher L. Tanhua, Toste TI Estimation of Anthropogenic CO2 Inventories in the Ocean SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE SE Annual Review of Marine Science LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE decadal change; ocean biogeochemistry; climate change; carbon cycle ID RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; SUBPOLAR NORTH-ATLANTIC; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; INDIAN-OCEAN; CARBON MEASUREMENTS; PACIFIC-OCEAN; SEA; INCREASE; WATER; ACIDIFICATION AB A significant impetus for recent ocean biogeochemical research has been to better understand the ocean's role as a sink for anthropogenic CO2. In the 1990s the global carbon survey of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) and the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) inspired the development of several approaches for estimating anthropogenic carbon inventories in the ocean interior. Most approaches agree that the total global ocean inventory of C-ant was around 120 Pg C in the mid-1990s. Today, the ocean carbon uptake rate estimates suggest that the ocean is not keeping pace with the CO2 emissions growth rate. Repeat occupations of the WOCE/JGOFS survey lines consistently show increases in carbon inventories over the last decade, but have not yet been synthesized enough to verify a slowdown in die carbon storage rate. There are many uncertainties in the future ocean carbon storage. Continued observations are necessary to monitor changes and understand mechanisms controlling ocean carbon uptake and storage in the future. C1 [Sabine, Christopher L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Tanhua, Toste] Leibniz Inst Meereswissensch, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. RP Sabine, CL (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM chris.sabine@noaa.gov; ttanhua@ifm-geomar.de FU EU [511176-2]; NOAA's FX T Tanhua received funding from the EU project CarboOcean (Project 511176-2). The authors acknowledge A. Olsen, J. Patsch, and R. Sonnerup for providing column inventory change data and suggestions for the text. C. Sabine acknowledges the NOAA's Climate Program Office for support for this work. This is PMEL contribution number 3323. NR 100 TC 84 Z9 88 U1 8 U2 87 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1941-1405 EI 1941-0611 J9 ANNU REV MAR SCI JI Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. PY 2010 VL 2 BP 175 EP 198 DI 10.1146/annurev-marine-120308-080947 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 548SA UT WOS:000273985300007 PM 21141662 ER PT S AU Lawn, BR Lee, JJW Chai, H AF Lawn, Brian R. Lee, James J. -W. Chai, Herzl BE Clarke, DR Ruhle, M Zok, F TI Teeth: Among Nature's Most Durable Biocomposites SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MATERIALS RESEARCH, VOL 40 SE Annual Review of Materials Research LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE dentistry; biological evolution; enamel; dental crowns; fracture; tooth mechanics ID LAYER STRUCTURES; HUMAN ENAMEL; DENTAL ENAMEL; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; BRITTLE MATERIALS; MATERIALS DESIGN; CONTACT DAMAGE; CYCLIC CONTACT; FRACTURE MODES; FAILURE AB This paper addresses the durability of natural teeth from a materials perspective. Teeth are depicted as smart biocomposites, highly resistant to cumulative deformation and fracture. Favorable morphological features of teeth at both macroscopic and microscopic levels contribute to an innate damage tolerance. Damage modes are activated readily within the brittle enamel coat but are contained from spreading catastrophically into the vulnerable tooth interior in sustained occlusal loading. Although tooth enamel contains a multitude of microstructural defects that can act as sources of fracture, substantial overloads are required to drive any developing cracks to ultimate failure nature's strategy is to contain damage rather than avoid it. Tests on model glass-shell systems simulating the basic elements of the tooth enamel/dentin layer structure help to identify important damage modes. Fracture and deformation mechanics provide a basis for analyzing critical conditions for each mode, in terms of characteristic tooth dimensions and materials properties. Comparative tests on extracted human and animal teeth confirm the validity of the model test approach and point to new research directions. Implications in biomechanics, especially as they relate to dentistry and anthropology, are outlined. C1 [Lawn, Brian R.; Lee, James J. -W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chai, Herzl] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Mech Engn, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Lawn, BR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM brianlawn@gmail.com; james.lee@nist.gov; herzl@eng.tau.ac.il NR 79 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 35 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1531-7331 BN 978-0-8243-1740-9 J9 ANNU REV MATER RES JI Ann. Rev. Mater. Res. PY 2010 VL 40 BP 55 EP 75 DI 10.1146/annurev-matsci-070909-104537 PG 21 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BQE94 UT WOS:000280818700003 ER PT S AU Jacox, ME AF Jacox, Marilyn E. BE Leone, SR Cremer, PS Groves, JT Johnson, MA Richmond, G TI On Walking in the Footprints of Giants SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, VOL 61 SE Annual Review of Physical Chemistry LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE cage recombination; electronic spectrum; free radicals; infrared spectrum; matrix isolation; molecular ions ID INFRARED SPECTROSCOPIC EVIDENCE; POLYATOMIC TRANSIENT MOLECULES; ELECTRONIC-ENERGY LEVELS; VACUUM-ULTRAVIOLET PHOTOLYSIS; INERT SOLID MATRICES; DIODE-LASER SPECTROSCOPY; FREE RADICAL NCN; 4.2 DEGREES K; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; ARGON MATRIX AB This article tells of a lifelong fascination with light, a messenger bearing information from realms ranging from the galactic to the submicroscopic. Personal interactions have shaped and informed this life journey. Accounts of some of the most important of these are related. Infrared and electronic spectra have been obtained, often for the first time, for many small free radicals and molecular ions short-lived reaction intermediates in most chemical processes. The infrared spectrum of a molecule tells how its atoms vibrate with respect to one another and is as characteristic of the molecule as a fingerprint is of a person. Analysis of this spectrum provides sometimes surprising information about the structure and chemical bonding of the molecule in its lowest-energy electronic state. The electronic spectrum provides information on the molecule in more highly excited electronic states, in which its structure or reaction pattern may change or it may decompose. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jacox, ME (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jacoxm@nist.gov NR 96 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 0066-426X BN 978-0-8243-1061-5 J9 ANNU REV PHYS CHEM JI Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. PY 2010 VL 61 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1146/annurev.physchem.012809.103439 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BOX60 UT WOS:000277960500001 PM 20055674 ER PT J AU Tomberlin, D Holloway, G AF Tomberlin, David Holloway, Garth TI Bayesian hierarchical estimationof technical efficiency in a fishery SO APPLIED ECONOMICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB This article presents a Bayesian hierarchical approach to estimating stochastic production frontiers in fisheries. Based on our application of this approach to the US West Coast hake fishery, we conclude that (1) panel models with hierarchical structure to allow for boat- and year-specific efficiency measures are preferable to simpler specifications, and (2) there appears to have been a progressive outward shift in the efficient frontier in the shore-based hake fishery during 1987-2003. C1 [Tomberlin, David] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Holloway, Garth] Univ Reading, Reading, Berks, England. RP Tomberlin, D (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM david.tomberlin@noaa.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1350-4851 J9 APPL ECON LETT JI Appl. Econ. Lett. PY 2010 VL 17 IS 2 BP 201 EP 204 AR PII 793016176 DI 10.1080/13504850701720056 PG 4 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 525KR UT WOS:000272215300019 ER PT J AU Vayshenker, I Yang, S Amemiya, K Mukai, S Zama, T AF Vayshenker, I. Yang, S. Amemiya, K. Mukai, S. Zama, T. TI Optical high-power nonlinearity comparison between the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the National Metrology Institute of Japan at 1480 nm SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID METERS AB We compare the results of measurements of the nonlinearity of high-power optical fiber powermeters (OFPMs) by two national metrology institutes (NMIs): the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST-USA) and the National Metrology Institute of Japan/National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (NMIJ/AIST-Japan) at a wavelength of 1480nm. The nonlinearity and range discontinuity of a commercial OFPM were measured from 1 mW to 500 mW by use of a superposition method (both laboratories) and from 1 mW to 250 mW by use of a comparison method (NMIJ only). Measurement results showed largest differences of less than 1.6 parts in 10(3), which is within the combined expanded (k = 2) uncertainty for both laboratories. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Vayshenker, I.; Yang, S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Amemiya, K.; Mukai, S.; Zama, T.] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Natl Metrol Inst Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058563, Japan. RP Vayshenker, I (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM igor@boulder.nist.gov RI Vayshenker, Igor/H-9793-2013; OI Vayshenker, Igor/0000-0002-7098-3781; Amemiya, Kuniaki/0000-0002-8748-3062 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 49 IS 1 BP 32 EP 36 DI 10.1364/AO.49.000032 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 538QQ UT WOS:000273199500005 PM 20062487 ER PT J AU Slifka, AJ Singh, G Lauria, DS Rice, P Mahajan, RL AF Slifka, Andrew J. Singh, Gurpreet Lauria, Damian S. Rice, Paul Mahajan, Roop L. TI Observations of Nanobubble Formation on Carbon Nanotubes SO APPLIED PHYSICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY AB We used an optical trap and a high-speed camera to image water bubble initiation on the surfaces of multiwalled carbon nanotubes. The laser wavelength was 1064nm and the average power was 100mW. This is the first demonstration of bubble formation on individual nanotubes. Most, but not all, nanotubes exhibited bubble formation. Bubbles both grew from and collapsed down to submicrometer size. Bubbles grew at the point where the laser heated a given nanotube. Transmission electron microscopy showed presence of amorphous coating and other structural defects on nanotube surface, which are most likely to act as bubble nucleation sites. No separation of the bubble from the nanotube surface was observed. (C) 2010 The Japan Society of Applied Physics C1 [Singh, Gurpreet] Kansas State Univ, Mech & Nucl Engn Dept, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Slifka, Andrew J.; Lauria, Damian S.] NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Rice, Paul] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mahajan, Roop L.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, Inst Crit Technol & Appl Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Singh, G (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Mech & Nucl Engn Dept, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM gurpreet@ksu.edu RI Singh, Gurpreet/J-9083-2012 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 13 PU JAPAN SOC APPLIED PHYSICS PI TOKYO PA KUDAN-KITA BUILDING 5TH FLOOR, 1-12-3 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 1882-0778 J9 APPL PHYS EXPRESS JI Appl. Phys. Express PY 2010 VL 3 IS 6 AR 065103 DI 10.1143/APEX.3.065103 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 613ES UT WOS:000278961400027 ER PT J AU Massillon-JL, G Minniti, R Soares, CG Maryanski, MJ Robertson, S AF Massillon-JL, G. Minniti, R. Soares, C. G. Maryanski, M. J. Robertson, S. TI Characteristics of a new polymer gel for high-dose gradient dosimetry using a micro optical CT scanner SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE Ionization density; Polymer gel; BANG gel dosimetry; Optical CT scanner; Small radiation field; (60)Co gamma rays; Beta particles ID DISTRIBUTIONS AB The properties of a new polymer gel with two sensitivities, made specifically for high-dose-gradient dosimetry, were investigated. The measurements were performed at NIST using a 1 cm X 1 cm calibrated (60)Co field, and a 1 cm active diameter (90)Sr/(90)Y beta particle source. A high-resolution laser CT scanner was used to quantify the response. The results show that the high-sensitivity gel responds linearly to the absorbed dose for doses from 0.5 up to 15 Gy, while the low-sensitivity one is linear up to 225 Gy. For both radiation types, the gel response remains stable in time up to a month after the irradiation. The response of the gel was found to have no dose rate dependence for dose rates ranging from 3.7 to 15 mGy/s. Within the measurement uncertainty, the gel response is more sensitive for beta particles than high energy photons. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Massillon-JL, G.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Mexico City 01000, DF, Mexico. [Massillon-JL, G.; Minniti, R.; Soares, C. G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ionizing Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Maryanski, M. J.] MGS Res Inc, Madison, CT 06443 USA. [Robertson, S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Massillon-JL, G (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, AP 20-364, Mexico City 01000, DF, Mexico. EM massillon@fisica.unam.mx RI Massillon-JL, Guerda/E-9052-2013 FU National Science Foundation [0453430] FX The authors thank Marc Desrosiers for assistance during the preparation and measurement of the density of the gel and Stephen M Seltzer for inspiring discussions regarding the calibration of the small radiation 60Co field. Also acknowledged are Jim Puhl and David Eardley for their technical support.; Scott Robertson performed this work as a SURF student from the University of Maryland, College Park, supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant no. 0453430. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 68 IS 1 BP 144 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2009.08.016 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 580BQ UT WOS:000276422300026 PM 19775899 ER PT J AU Venerus, DC Buongiorno, J Christianson, R Townsend, J Bang, IC Chen, G Chung, SJ Chyu, M Chen, HS Ding, YL Dubois, F Dzido, G Funfschilling, D Galand, Q Gao, JW Hong, HP Horton, M Hu, LW Iorio, CS Jarzebski, AB Jiang, YR Kabelac, S Kedzierski, MA Kim, C Kim, JH Kim, S McKrell, T Ni, R Philip, J Prabhat, N Song, PX Van Vaerenbergh, S Wen, DS Witharana, S Zhao, XZ Zhou, SQ AF Venerus, David C. Buongiorno, Jacopo Christianson, Rebecca Townsend, Jessica Bang, In Cheol Chen, Gang Chung, Sung Jae Chyu, Minking Chen, Haisheng Ding, Yulong Dubois, Frank Dzido, Grzegorz Funfschilling, Denis Galand, Quentin Gao, Jinwei Hong, Haiping Horton, Mark Hu, Lin-wen Iorio, Carlo S. Jarzebski, Andrzej B. Jiang, Yiran Kabelac, Stephan Kedzierski, Mark A. Kim, Chongyoup Kim, Ji-Hyun Kim, Sukwon McKrell, Thomas Ni, Rui Philip, John Prabhat, Naveen Song, Pengxiang Van Vaerenbergh, Stefan Wen, Dongsheng Witharana, Sanjeeva Zhao, Xiao-Zheng Zhou, Sheng-Qi TI VISCOSITY MEASUREMENTS ON COLLOIDAL DISPERSIONS (NANOFLUIDS) FOR HEAT TRANSFER APPLICATIONS SO APPLIED RHEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nanofluids; colloidal dispersion; viscosity; thermal conductivity ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY AB This article reports viscosity data on a series of colloidal dispersions collected as part of the International Nanofluid Property Benchmark Exercise (INPBE). Data are reported for seven different fluids that include dispersions of metal-oxide nanoparticles in water, and in synthetic oil. These fluids, which are also referred to as 'nanofluids,' are currently being researched for their potential to function as heat transfer fluids. In a recently published paper from the INPBE study, thermal conductivity data from more than 30 laboratories around the world were reported and analyzed. Here, we examine the influence of particle shape and concentration on the viscosity of these same nanofluids and compare data to predictions from classical theories on suspension rheology. C1 [Venerus, David C.; Jiang, Yiran] IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Buongiorno, Jacopo; Chen, Gang; Gao, Jinwei; Hu, Lin-wen; McKrell, Thomas; Prabhat, Naveen] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Christianson, Rebecca; Townsend, Jessica] Olin Coll Engn, Needham, MA 02492 USA. [Bang, In Cheol; Kim, Ji-Hyun] Ulsan Natl Inst Sci & Technol, Sch Energy Engn, Ulsan Metropolitan City, South Korea. [Bang, In Cheol] Tokyo Inst Technol, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528550, Japan. [Chen, Haisheng; Ding, Yulong; Witharana, Sanjeeva] Univ Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Dubois, Frank; Galand, Quentin; Iorio, Carlo S.; Van Vaerenbergh, Stefan] Univ Libre Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Dzido, Grzegorz; Jarzebski, Andrzej B.] Silesian Tech Univ, Dept Chem & Proc Engn, PL-44100 Gliwice, Poland. [Funfschilling, Denis; Ni, Rui; Zhao, Xiao-Zheng; Zhou, Sheng-Qi] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys, Ctr Sci, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Hong, Haiping; Horton, Mark] S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. [Kabelac, Stephan] Univ Hamburg, Inst Thermodynam, D-22039 Hamburg, Germany. [Kedzierski, Mark A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kim, Chongyoup; Kim, Sukwon] Korea Univ, Seoul 136713, South Korea. [Philip, John] Indira Gandhi Ctr Atom Res, SMARTS, NDED, Met & Mat Grp, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamil Nadu, India. [Song, Pengxiang; Wen, Dongsheng] Queen Mary Univ London, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, London E1 4NS, England. [Chung, Sung Jae; Chyu, Minking] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. RP Venerus, DC (reprint author), IIT, 10 W 33rd St, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. EM venerus@iit.edu RI Van Vaerenbergh, Stefan/J-8655-2013; Chen, Haisheng/B-3349-2009; Song, Pengxiang/B-3485-2011; witharana, sanjeeva/A-1068-2012; Bang, In Cheol/F-5703-2010; Kim, Ji Hyun/F-5704-2010; Ni, Rui/E-5430-2012; Gao, Jinwei/D-4824-2009; Wen, Dongsheng/A-5307-2010; Chen, Gang/J-1325-2014; Gao, Jinwei/J-5732-2014; Kim, Chongyoup/I-8576-2015; philip, john/F-2602-2013; Dzido, Grzegorz/J-5372-2016 OI Van Vaerenbergh, Stefan/0000-0002-6614-0458; witharana, sanjeeva/0000-0001-9230-1537; Kim, Ji Hyun/0000-0002-3984-0686; Gao, Jinwei/0000-0002-4545-1126; Wen, Dongsheng/0000-0003-3492-7982; Chen, Gang/0000-0002-3968-8530; Gao, Jinwei/0000-0002-4545-1126; Kim, Chongyoup/0000-0002-3936-0893; philip, john/0000-0001-6293-8131; Dzido, Grzegorz/0000-0002-0732-6607 FU National Science Foundation [CBET-0812804] FX This work was made possible by the support of the National Science Foundation under grant CBET-0812804. The authors are also grateful to Sasol and W. R. Grace & Co. for donating some of the samples used in INPBE. NR 17 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 4 U2 36 PU KERSCHENSTEINER VERLAG GMBH PI LAPPERSDORF PA MORIKESTR 4, LAPPERSDORF, 93138, GERMANY SN 1430-6395 J9 APPL RHEOL JI Appl. Rheol. PY 2010 VL 20 IS 4 AR 44582 DI 10.3933/ApplRheol-20-44582 PG 7 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 662KG UT WOS:000282805600008 ER PT B AU Lemmon, EW Span, R AF Lemmon, Eric W. Span, Roland BE Goodwin, ARH Sengers, JV Peters, CJ TI Multi-parameter Equations of State for Pure Fluids and Mixtures SO APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INTERNATIONAL STANDARD FORMULATION; SHORT FUNDAMENTAL EQUATIONS; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; OF-STATE; MELTING LINE; TEMPERATURE-RANGE; TECHNICAL APPLICATIONS; EMPIRICAL EQUATIONS; FUNCTIONAL FORMS; NONPOLAR FLUIDS C1 [Lemmon, Eric W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Span, Roland] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Lehrstuhl Thermodynam, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. RP Lemmon, EW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. OI Span, Roland/0000-0002-8350-8285 NR 91 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84755-806-0 PY 2010 BP 394 EP 432 DI 10.1039/9781849730983-00394 D2 10.1039/9781849730983 PG 39 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA BSW50 UT WOS:000285958000012 ER PT J AU Warden, ML AF Warden, Melissa L. TI Bycatch of wintering common and red-throated loons in gillnets off the USA Atlantic coast, 1996-2007 SO AQUATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bycatch mitigation; Commercial fishing; Seabird-fishery interaction; Gillnet; Atlantic; Red-throated loon; Common loon ID SEABIRD BYCATCH; UNITED-STATES; URIA-AALGE; FISHERIES; POPULATIONS; MORTALITY; MIGRATION; TRENDS; BIRDS; AREA AB Common loons Gavia immer and red-throated loons G. stellata winter along the USA Atlantic coast, where fisheries observers have documented interactions with commercial fishing operations, largely coastal gillnets. The red-throated loon is a conservation priority for the US Fish and Wildlife Service, so interest lies in gauging fisheries bycatch relative to population levels. Gillnet fisheries observer data from 1996 to 2007 were used in developing generalized linear models to predict common and red-throated loon bycatch rates and investigate gear characteristics associated with high bycatch rates. The predicted bycatch rates were applied to commercial gillnet effort data to estimate total bycatch during this time period. Bycatch was then compared to a potential biological removal (PBR) measure that was calculated from limited demographic parameters. Factors most commonly associated with the bycatch rates were bottom depth and sea surface temperature. Common loon bycatch rates were higher for strings without spacing between nets versus strings with spacing, and for strings that fished >= 24 h versus strings that fished <24 h. Average annual bycatch was 74 (95% CI: 29-189) common loons in the Northeast, and 477 (370-615) common loons and 897 (620-1297) red-throated loons in the Mid-Atlantic. The average red-throated loon bycatch reached about 60% of the PBR measure. This estimated level of bycatch emphasizes that the red-throated loon is a conservation priority, especially considering the unknown level of bycatch in non-oceanic coastal gillnet fisheries and uncertain demographic parameters. C1 [Warden, Melissa L.] Integrated Stat, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Warden, ML (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM melissa.warden@noaa.gov NR 51 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 12 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1864-7790 J9 AQUAT BIOL JI Aquat. Biol. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 2 BP 167 EP 180 DI 10.3354/ab00273 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 673QA UT WOS:000283676800007 ER PT J AU Hammerschlag, N Ovando, D Serafy, JE AF Hammerschlag, Neil Ovando, Dan Serafy, Joseph E. TI Seasonal diet and feeding habits of juvenile fishes foraging along a subtropical marine ecotone SO AQUATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diet; Niche breadth; Resource use; Habitat use; Snapper; Grunt; Barracuda; Food availability; Feeding intensity; Individual specialization ID MANGROVE-SEAGRASS ECOTONE; INDIVIDUAL SPECIALIZATION; NICHE WIDTH; REEF FISH; CARIBBEAN BAY; FOOD-HABITS; SHIFTS; PREDATION; FLORIDA; ASSEMBLAGES AB Few studies have examined seasonal diet variation and trophic relationships among fishes in shallow subtropical waters. We sampled consecutive wet and dry seasons within Biscayne Bay, Florida, USA, to examine seasonal diet and feeding habit variation in juvenile gray snapper Lutjanus griseus (GS), bluestriped grunt Haemulon sciurus (BSG), seabream Archosargus rhomboidalis (SB) and great barracuda Sphyraena barracuda (GB). We found significantly lower feeding intensity during the dry season compared to the wet, which is likely related to lower water temperatures during the former season. GS fed on a variety of fishes and crustaceans, while BSG fed primarily on caridean shrimps. SB fed on vegetation and GB was piscivorous. Seasonal shifts in major food resources generally did not correspond with changes in relative abundance of food supply. Seasonal population niche breadth differences were evident for GS, GB and BSG, but for SB niche breadth was similar between seasons. Based on seasonal food supply, population niche breadth values did not match basic foraging theory predictions, which state that niche breadth should expand as preferred food items become scarce. In GS, BSG and GB, individuals fed on a narrow subset of prey consumed by the population, revealing the existence of individual specialization. For these species, seasonal expansion in population niche breadth did not correspond to increased individual specialization, but rather via increased within-individual variation in resource use. Given the seasonal differences in feeding habits, it is important to incorporate seasonal variation when modeling trophodynamics of shallow subtropical systems or characterizing them as essential fish habitats. C1 [Hammerschlag, Neil; Ovando, Dan; Serafy, Joseph E.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Hammerschlag, Neil] Univ Miami, Leonard & Jayne Abess Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Policy, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Serafy, Joseph E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Hammerschlag, N (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM nhammerschlag@rsmas.miami.edu FU Herbert W. Hoover Foundation; Batchelor Foundation; NOAA Living Marine Resource Cooperative Science Center; National Park Service (Biscayne National Park, BNP); SeaStar Foundation; Save The Blue; YSI Inc.; Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science; University of Miami FX Funding support was primarily provided by the Herbert W. Hoover Foundation, the Batchelor Foundation, NOAA Living Marine Resource Cooperative Science Center, National Park Service (Biscayne National Park, BNP), the SeaStar Foundation, Save The Blue, YSI Inc., the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science and the University of Miami's South Florida Student Shark Program (SFSSP), now the RJ Dunlap Marine Conservation Program. As part of the educational component of this project, several hundreds of high school and undergraduate students were involved in field data collection, laboratory processing and data organization. We are indebted to the technical support of all program participants, primarily E. Overstreet, L. Winn, D. Washington, A. Disilvestro, A. Matulik, A. Morgan, J. Ross, C. Antal, X. Serrano, K. Titley and the students of Palmer Trinity High School, South Broward High School, MAST Academy and the University of Miami. Special thanks to M. Heithaus, D. Lirman, L. Brand, T. Kellison, G. Thomas, D. Die, C. Layman, M. Araujo, B. Teare, C. M. Hammerschlag, H. Luria, S. Spielman, T. Jackson, L. Hoover and R. Mann. For logistical support, thanks to M. Lewis, E. Alvear, R. Curry and M. Tritt of BNP. Thanks to the anonymous reviewers whose comments helped strengthen this paper. This work was conducted under BNP permit no. BISC-2008-SCI-0003. NR 71 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 20 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1864-7790 J9 AQUAT BIOL JI Aquat. Biol. PY 2010 VL 9 IS 3 BP 279 EP 290 DI 10.3354/ab00251 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 613KI UT WOS:000278977700008 ER PT J AU Baremore, IE Murie, DJ Carlson, JK AF Baremore, Ivy E. Murie, Debra J. Carlson, John K. TI Seasonal and size-related differences in diet of the Atlantic angel shark Squatina dumeril in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico SO AQUATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diet; Size-related feeding; Niche breadth; Angel shark; Squatina dumeril; Elasmobranch ID COMPARATIVE FEEDING ECOLOGY; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; ONTOGENIC CHANGES; STOMACH CONTENTS; PREY SELECTION; NORTHERN GULF; DAILY RATION; FISH; HABITS; CALIFORNICA AB Atlantic angel sharks Squatina dumeril were collected for stomach contents (n = 437) from November 2002 through April 2005 from a butterfish Peprilus burti bottom trawl fishery in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Teleost fishes, especially Atlantic croaker Micropogonias undulatus, butterfish, and goatfishes (Mullidae), dominated the diet of Atlantic angel sharks and were the most important prey items for sharks of all sizes (305 to 1160 mm total length). Squid (Loligo sp.) were also important prey for all shark sizes, though they became less important with increasing shark size. Crustaceans like mantis shrimp Lysosquilla sp., brown rock shrimp Sicyonia brevirostris, and portunid crabs (Portunidae) were also eaten by angel sharks of all sizes in all seasons sampled. Seasonal differences in diet were detected with niche breadth, which was narrowest in winter and broadest in fall. Niche breadth was also size related and narrowed with increasing shark size. Size of prey was also related to shark size, with sharks mostly consuming prey <30% of their total length and prey with body depths <60% of their gape width. C1 [Baremore, Ivy E.; Murie, Debra J.] Univ Florida, Program Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Baremore, IE (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32908 USA. EM Ivy.Baremore@noaa.gov FU Program of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Florida; NOAA Fisheries Panama City Laboratory; NOAA Fisheries Service Exempted Fishing Permit [HMS-EFP-03-01, EFP-04-01, EFP-05-01] FX We thank D. Parkyn and M. Allen for their suggestions during the development of the present study and on previous versions of this manuscript. P. Rabaut, J. Sachs, K. Robinson, L. Hollensead, D. Bethea, and E. Leonard assisted with the processing of angel sharks and other samples associated with this study. Raffield's Fisheries provided all of the samples, and have been very helpful to us over the years. Financial and logistical support was provided by the Program of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Florida, and the NOAA Fisheries Panama City Laboratory. All Atlantic angel sharks were collected with a NOAA Fisheries Service Exempted Fishing Permit (HMS-EFP-03-01, EFP-04-01, EFP-05-01). NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 11 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1864-7790 J9 AQUAT BIOL JI Aquat. Biol. PY 2010 VL 8 IS 2 BP 125 EP 136 DI 10.3354/ab00214 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 574SE UT WOS:000276012500003 ER PT J AU Kopf, RK Drew, K Humphreys, RL AF Kopf, R. Keller Drew, Katherine Humphreys, Robert L., Jr. TI Age estimation of billfishes (Kajikia spp.) using fin spine cross-sections: the need for an international code of practice SO AQUATIC LIVING RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Age determination; Sclerochronology; Growth; Population dynamics; Marlin; Tuna longline fisheries ID PACIFIC BLUE MARLIN; ISTIOPHORUS-PLATYPTERUS; XIPHIAS-GLADIUS; TETRAPTURUS-AUDAX; MAKAIRA-NIGRICANS; STRIPED MARLIN; DORSAL SPINES; GROWTH; ATLANTIC; VALIDATION AB Fin spine ageing is the most common technique used to estimate age and growth parameters of large pelagic billfishes from the families Istiophoridae and Xiphiidae. The most suitable methods for processing and interpreting these calcified structures for age estimation have not been clearly defined. Methodological differences between unvalidated ageing studies are of particular concern for highly migratory species because multiple researchers in different regions of the world may conduct age estimates on the same species or stock. This review provides a critical overview of the methods used in previous fin spine ageing studies on billfishes and provides recommendations towards the development of a standardized protocol for estimating the age of striped marlin, Kajikia audax and white marlin, Kajikia albida. Three on-going fin spine ageing studies from Australia, Hawaii, and Florida are used to illustrate some of the considerations and difficulties encountered when developing an ageing protocol for highly migratory fish species. Particular areas of concern that may influence age and growth estimates included differences in fin spine selection, sectioning methods, criteria for identifying and measuring annuli, distinguishing false annuli, validation procedures, identification of the first annulus, and methods used to replace annuli lost due to vascularization of the fin spine core. C1 [Kopf, R. Keller] Charles Sturt Univ, Sch Environm Sci, Albury, NSW 2640, Australia. [Drew, Katherine] Univ Miami, RSMAS, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Humphreys, Robert L., Jr.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Aiea Hts Res Facil, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. RP Kopf, RK (reprint author), Charles Sturt Univ, Sch Environm Sci, POB 789, Albury, NSW 2640, Australia. EM rkopf@csu.edu.au; kdrew@rsmas.miami.edu NR 55 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 11 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0990-7440 J9 AQUAT LIVING RESOUR JI Aquat. Living Resour. PD JAN-MAR PY 2010 VL 23 IS 1 BP 13 EP 23 DI 10.1051/alr/2009045 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 571QX UT WOS:000275770700002 ER PT J AU Cortes, E Arocha, F Beerkircher, L Carvalho, F Domingo, A Heupel, M Holtzhausen, H Santos, MN Ribera, M Simpfendorfer, C AF Cortes, Enric Arocha, Freddy Beerkircher, Lawrence Carvalho, Felipe Domingo, Andres Heupel, Michelle Holtzhausen, Hannes Santos, Miguel N. Ribera, Marta Simpfendorfer, Colin TI Ecological risk assessment of pelagic sharks caught in Atlantic pelagic longline fisheries SO AQUATIC LIVING RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Ecological risk assessment; Leslie matrix; Shark life history; Vulnerability; Pelagic fisheries ID POPULATIONS; AUSTRALIA; BYCATCH AB An ecological risk assessment (ERA; also known as productivity and susceptibility analysis, PSA) was conducted on eleven species of pelagic elasmobranchs (10 sharks and 1 ray) to assess their vulnerability to pelagic longline fisheries in the Atlantic Ocean. This was a level-3 quantitative assessment consisting of a risk analysis to evaluate the biological productivity of these species and a susceptibility analysis to assess their propensity to capture and mortality in pelagic longline fisheries. The risk analysis estimated productivity (intrinsic rate of increase, r) using a stochastic Leslie matrix approach that incorporated uncertainty in age at maturity, lifespan, age-specific natural mortality and fecundity. Susceptibility to the fishery was calculated as the product of four components, which were also calculated quantitatively: availability of the species to the fleet, encounterability of the gear given the species vertical distribution, gear selectivity and post-capture mortality. Information from observer programs by several ICCAT nations was used to derive fleet-specific susceptibility values. Results indicated that most species of pelagic sharks have low productivities and varying levels of susceptibility to pelagic longline gear. A number of species were grouped near the high-risk area of the productivity-susceptibility plot, particularly the silky (Carcharhinus falciformis), shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus), and bigeye thresher (Alopias superciliosus) sharks. Other species, such as the oceanic whitetip (Carcharhinus longimanus) and longfin mako (Isurus paucus) sharks, are also highly vulnerable. The blue shark (Prionace glauca) has intermediate vulnerability, whereas the smooth hammerhead (Sphyrna zygaena), scalloped hammerhead (Sphyrna lewini), and porbeagle (Lamna nasus) sharks are less vulnerable, and the pelagic stingray (Pteroplatytrygon violacea) and common thresher (Alopias vulpinus) sharks have the lowest vulnerabilities. As a group, pelagic sharks are particularly vulnerable to pelagic longline fisheries mostly as a result of their limited productivity. C1 [Cortes, Enric; Ribera, Marta] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City Lab, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. [Arocha, Freddy] Univ Oriente, Inst Oceanog Venezuela, Cumana 6101, Venezuela. [Beerkircher, Lawrence] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Carvalho, Felipe] Univ Florida, Dept Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Florida Program Shark Res, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Domingo, Andres] DINARA, Area Recursos Pelag, Montevideo, Uruguay. [Simpfendorfer, Colin] James Cook Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Fishing & Fisheries Res Ctr, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Santos, Miguel N.] IPIMAR, INRB IP, P-8700305 Olhao, Portugal. RP Cortes, E (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City Lab, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. EM Enric.Cortes@noaa.gov RI Santos, Miguel/D-7304-2012; Simpfendorfer, Colin/G-9681-2011; Cortes, Enric/H-2700-2013 OI Simpfendorfer, Colin/0000-0002-0295-2238; NR 14 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 6 U2 63 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0990-7440 J9 AQUAT LIVING RESOUR JI Aquat. Living Resour. PD JAN-MAR PY 2010 VL 23 IS 1 BP 25 EP 34 DI 10.1051/alr/2009044 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 571QX UT WOS:000275770700003 ER PT J AU Ingram, GW Richards, WJ Lamkin, JT Muhling, B AF Ingram, G. Walter, Jr. Richards, William J. Lamkin, John T. Muhling, Barbara TI Annual indices of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) larvae in the Gulf of Mexico developed using delta-lognormal and multivariate models SO AQUATIC LIVING RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Mathematical models; Multivariate analysis; Fish larvae; Atlantic Ocean ID BINOMIAL REGRESSION; ZERO; ABUNDANCE AB Fishery independent indices of spawning biomass of Atlantic bluefin tuna in western North Atlantic Ocean are presented which utilize National Marine Fisheries Service ichthyoplankton survey data collected from 1977 through 2007 in the Gulf of Mexico. Indices were developed using similarly standardized data from which previous indices were developed (i.e. abundance of larvae with a first daily otolith increment formed per 100 m(2) of water sampled with bongo gear). Indices were also developed for the first time from standardized data collected with neuston gear [i.e. abundance of 5-mm larvae (i. e. seven-day-old larvae) per 10 minute tow]. Indices of larval abundance were developed using delta-lognormal models, including following covariates: time of day, time of month, area sampled and year. Due to the large frequency of zero catches during ichthyoplankton surveys, a zero-inflated delta-lognormal approach was also used to develop indices. Finally, a multivariate delta-lognormal approach was employed to develop indices of annual abundance based on both bongo and neuston catches. The results of these approaches were compared with one another and with other indices of larval abundance previously developed for the Gulf ofMexico. Residual analyses indicated that abundance indices of Atlantic bluefin tuna larvae were more appropriately developed from bongo-collected data through the zero-inflated delta-lognormal approach than other data sets and modeling approaches. Also, when modeling bongo-collected data with the zero-inflated delta-lognormal approach, the index values increased, indicating some correction for zero-inflation, and their variability decreased as compared to indices developed with the delta-lognormal approach. C1 [Ingram, G. Walter, Jr.] SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Mississippi Labs, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. [Richards, William J.; Lamkin, John T.; Muhling, Barbara] SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Protected Resources & Biodivers Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Ingram, GW (reprint author), SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Mississippi Labs, 3209 Frederic St, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. EM Walter.Ingram@noaa.gov NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0990-7440 J9 AQUAT LIVING RESOUR JI Aquat. Living Resour. PD JAN-MAR PY 2010 VL 23 IS 1 BP 35 EP 47 DI 10.1051/alr/2009053 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 571QX UT WOS:000275770700004 ER PT J AU Jimenez, S Abreu, M Pons, M Ortiz, M Domingo, A AF Jimenez, Sebastian Abreu, Martin Pons, Maite Ortiz, Mauricio Domingo, Andres TI Assessing the impact of the pelagic longline fishery on albatrosses and petrels in the southwest Atlantic SO AQUATIC LIVING RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Seabird bycatch estimation; Albatrosses; Petrels; Pelagic longline; South Atlantic Ocean ID WHITE-CHINNED PETRELS; PROCELLARIA-AEQUINOCTIALIS; SEABIRD BYCATCH; REGRESSION TREES; FALKLAND ISLANDS; BY-CATCH; MORTALITY; CONSERVATION; POPULATION; GEORGIA AB The black-browed (Thalassarche melanophrys) and Atlantic yellow-nosed (Thalassarche chlororhynchos) albatrosses and the white-chinned petrel (Procellaria aequinoctialis) are the seabird species most frequently captured by pelagic longline fisheries in the southwest Atlantic. This study estimates this type of bycatch and describes the spatial-temporal patterns of the incidental capture of these species by the Uruguayan pelagic longline fleet, based on data collected by scientific observers on 47 fishing trips from 2004 to 2007. Three generalized linear models (GLM) models were employed to predict bycatch for each species based on the observed data. We also developed a spatio-temporal species-specific analysis. Captures were recorded in Uruguayan waters, mainly over the slope and depth waters, and in international waters adjacent to Uruguay, the north of Argentina, and the south of Brazil. The highest catch rates for black-browed albatrosses and white-chinned petrels were recorded on the Uruguayan slope from fall to spring, while the highest values for Atlantic yellow-nosed albatrosses were recorded further to the north, in the international waters off Brazil in late winter. The average estimated number of black-browed and Atlantic yellow-nosed albatrosses and white-chinned petrels caught during the study period was 1683, 257 and 239 birds, respectively. Taking into account the total effort of the fleet, these values represent an estimated catch rate of 0.276, 0.042, and 0.039 birds/1000 hooks for these species, respectively. The results of the present study suggest that the annual impact of this fishery is medium to high on the black-browed albatross, low on the Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross and low on the white-chinned petrel. However, the situation of these species in the southwest Atlantic should be viewed with considerable concern, as our understanding of the impact of the bycatch on their populations requires more research. Any effort to reduce seabird mortality in the southern hemisphere should target this geographic region. C1 [Jimenez, Sebastian; Abreu, Martin; Domingo, Andres] Proyecto Albatros & Petreles Uruguay, El Pinar, Canelones, Uruguay. [Jimenez, Sebastian; Abreu, Martin; Pons, Maite; Domingo, Andres] Direcc Nacl Recursos Acuat, Montevideo, Uruguay. [Jimenez, Sebastian; Pons, Maite] Univ Republica, Fac Ciencias, Secc Ecol, Montevideo 4225, Uruguay. [Ortiz, Mauricio] SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Domingo, A (reprint author), Proyecto Albatros & Petreles Uruguay, Ave Giannattasio Km 30-500, El Pinar, Canelones, Uruguay. EM adomingo@dinara.gub.uy FU Pelagic Resources Department (DINARA); International Association of Antarctic Tour Operators (IAATO); Birds Australia; Birdlife International FX The authors would like to thank the boat owners of the Uruguayan fleet and their crews for their continued cooperation, as well as the PNOFA observers. We express our gratitude to our colleagues of the Pelagic Resources Department (DINARA) for their continued support. "Proyecto Albatros y Petreles-Uruguay" would like to thank the International Association of Antarctic Tour Operators (IAATO), Birds Australia, and Birdlife International's "Save the Albatross" campaign, for funding the program " Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels in Uruguay". Special thanks go to Caren Barcelo for the translation; Stella Weng and L. E. Fleming for the comments and translation review. We would also like to express our recognition towards the anonymous referees whose comments and recommendations helped us to improve this paper. NR 50 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 12 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0990-7440 EI 1765-2952 J9 AQUAT LIVING RESOUR JI Aquat. Living Resour. PD JAN-MAR PY 2010 VL 23 IS 1 BP 49 EP 64 DI 10.1051/alr/2010002 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 571QX UT WOS:000275770700005 ER PT J AU Pons, M Domingo, A Sales, G Fiedler, FN Miller, P Giffoni, B Ortiz, M AF Pons, Maite Domingo, Andres Sales, Gilberto Fiedler, Fernando Niemeyer Miller, Philip Giffoni, Bruno Ortiz, Mauricio TI Standardization of CPUE of loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) caught by pelagic longliners in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean SO AQUATIC LIVING RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Sea turtle; bycatch; longline; GLM; Southwestern Atlantic Ocean ID SOUTHERN BRAZIL; SEABIRD BYCATCH; NORTH-ATLANTIC; CATCH; FISHERY; MARINE; ABUNDANCE; MODELS; RATES; CLASSIFICATION AB The population abundance estimates used in stock assessments or required to establish management measures, depend on the sampling of the entire demographic spectrum of a population resident in a given area. However, for sea turtles, most population estimates are based mainly on nesting beach survey data and only consider a fraction of the population. The Southwest Atlantic Ocean (SWA) is an important foraging and development area for juveniles of the loggerhead sea turtle Caretta caretta where reproductive stocks from various nesting beaches mix. Declines in C. caretta populations have been observed in many parts of the world and bycatch rates of this species in the SWA are among the highest worldwide. This study standardizes the catch rates of loggerheads caught by pelagic long-line fisheries in the region, using data collected by observer programs from Brazil and Uruguay. Generalized linear models (GLM) with a delta lognormal approximation were used. The variables used in the model take into account spatial and temporal variations as well as the characteristics of the fleet. In total, 6 272 344 hooks were observed between 1998 and 2007, with minimum effort registered in 2000 (12 010 hooks) and maximum effort in 2005 (1 989 431 hooks). During this period 3778 loggerheads were incidentally captured. The catch rates of loggerheads by the Uruguayan and Brazilian pelagic longline fisheries show oscillations through the years without a clear tendency; however, a low negative trend was observed from 1998 to 2005 with an increase in the last two years (2006 and 2007). The capture per unit of effort (CPUE) values varied between 0.38 to 1.78 ind/1000 hooks in 2005 and 2007, respectively. Distinct zones with differential catch rates were identified, with the higher CPUE values over the continental slope of Uruguay and adjacent waters. The incidental catch rates of this species are influenced, not only by fishing area, but also by year, season, sea surface temperature and gear type. In consequence, these variables and other potential ones should be considered in bycatch estimates by different fisheries because the loggerhead sea turtles are not uniformly distributed. This study intends to contribute not only to the general knowledge of loggerhead sea turtles in the SWA but to a future assessment of their populations at a global scale. C1 [Pons, Maite; Domingo, Andres; Miller, Philip] Direcc Nacl Recursos Acuat, Montevideo, Uruguay. [Pons, Maite; Domingo, Andres; Miller, Philip] Ctr Invest & Conservac Marina, El Pinar, Canelones, Uruguay. [Sales, Gilberto] ICMCB, Ctr TAMAR, Mata De Sao Joao, Bahia, Brazil. [Fiedler, Fernando Niemeyer] Fundacao Pro TAMAR, BR-11680000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Giffoni, Bruno] SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Ortiz, Mauricio] Fundacao Pro TAMAR, BR-88301700 Itajai, SC, Brazil. RP Domingo, A (reprint author), Direcc Nacl Recursos Acuat, Constituyente 1497,CP 11200, Montevideo, Uruguay. EM adomingo@dinara.gub.uy NR 52 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 12 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0990-7440 J9 AQUAT LIVING RESOUR JI Aquat. Living Resour. PD JAN-MAR PY 2010 VL 23 IS 1 BP 65 EP 75 DI 10.1051/alr/2010001 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 571QX UT WOS:000275770700006 ER PT J AU Berman-Kowalewski, M Gulland, FMD Wilkin, S Calambokidis, J Mate, B Cordaro, J Rotstein, D Leger, JS Collins, P Fahy, K Dover, S AF Berman-Kowalewski, Michelle Gulland, Frances M. D. Wilkin, Sarah Calambokidis, John Mate, Bruce Cordaro, Joe Rotstein, Dave Leger, Judy St. Collins, Paul Fahy, Krista Dover, Samuel TI Association Between Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus) Mortality and Ship Strikes Along the California Coast SO AQUATIC MAMMALS LA English DT Article DE blue whale; Balaenoptera musculus; ship strike; trauma; shipping lane; Sarcocystis ID EASTERN NORTH PACIFIC; FIN WHALES; COLLISIONS AB Blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) are distributed worldwide, and although severely depleted by commercial whaling, their abundance off the California coast now appears to be increasing. Little is known about natural causes of mortality of blue whales, but human-related mortality continues despite legal protection. Ship strikes are a significant mortality factor for other species of baleen whale, and changes in shipping traffic have been advocated to minimize further deaths. Between 1988 and 2007, 21 blue whale deaths were reported along the California coast, typically one or two cases annually. Three pulses in strandings were observed, with three carcasses observed in fall 1988, three in 2002, and four in fall 2007. Two of the four animals in 2007 were first observed dead in the Santa Barbara Channel and had wounds typical of a ship strike. Blue whale strandings were spatially associated with locations of shipping lanes, especially those associated with the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach, and were most common in the fall months. C1 [Berman-Kowalewski, Michelle; Collins, Paul; Fahy, Krista] Santa Barbara Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Santa Barbara, CA 93105 USA. [Gulland, Frances M. D.] Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. [Wilkin, Sarah; Cordaro, Joe] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Long Beach, CA 90803 USA. [Calambokidis, John] Cascadia Res, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Mate, Bruce] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal Inst, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Rotstein, Dave] UCAR Smithsonian Museum Osteoprep Lab, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [Dover, Samuel] Channel Isl Marine & Wildlife Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93140 USA. RP Berman-Kowalewski, M (reprint author), Santa Barbara Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Santa Barbara, CA 93105 USA. EM mberman@sbnature2.org FU National Marine Fisheries Service FX We thank all the California Marine Mammal Stranding Network participants for assistance in generating the data reported here, the National Marine Fisheries Service Marine Mammal Unusual Mortality Event Response Fund for financial assistance, and the numerous volunteers who made full necropsy examinations in 2007 possible. We also thank Spencer Fire, National Ocean Service, for his rapid bio-toxin analysis, as well as volunteer pilot Stephen Parker and National Geographic photographer Flip Nicklin for reporting specimen SBMNH 2007-19 during their spotting and aerial photography in support of Oregon State University's satellite tagging of blue whales. NR 28 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 9 U2 50 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS PI MOLINE PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA SN 0167-5427 J9 AQUAT MAMM JI Aquat. Mamm. PY 2010 VL 36 IS 1 BP 59 EP 66 DI 10.1578/AM.36.1.2010.59 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 670SP UT WOS:000283447900007 ER PT J AU Fire, SE Wang, ZH Berman, M Langlois, GW Morton, SL Sekula-Wood, E Benitez-Nelson, CR AF Fire, Spencer E. Wang, Zhihong Berman, Michelle Langlois, Gregg W. Morton, Steve L. Sekula-Wood, Emily Benitez-Nelson, Claudia R. TI Trophic Transfer of the Harmful Algal Toxin Domoic Acid as a Cause of Death in a Minke Whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) Stranding in Southern California SO AQUATIC MAMMALS LA English DT Article DE domoic acid; harmful algal bloom; algal toxin; stranding; marine mammal; minke whale; Balaenoptera acutorostrata ID LIONS ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA-AUSTRALIS; SEA LIONS; FOOD WEBS; MARINE MAMMALS; PHYTOPLANKTON; MORTALITY; TOXICITY; VECTOR; BLOOM AB Unusually high concentrations of the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA) were detected in a minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) carcass recovered during a severe harmful algal bloom (HAB), which occurred in southern California in April 2007. Cell fragments of the toxigenic diatom Pseudo-nitzschia australis were observed in whale gastric fluid and feces, corresponding to a dominance of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. in the phytoplankton community at the time of stranding. A high abundance of otoliths from a prominent DA vector, the northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax), were recovered in whale stomach contents, indicating trophic transfer of DA via the food web. Whale feces contained 258 mu g DA per gram sample, exceeding DA concentrations reported for any marine mammal. DA intoxication was identified as the cause of mortality of this animal, expanding on the limited understanding of the impacts of DA-producing HABs on large whales. C1 [Fire, Spencer E.; Wang, Zhihong; Morton, Steve L.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Berman, Michelle] Santa Barbara Museum Nat Hist, Santa Barbara, CA 93105 USA. [Langlois, Gregg W.] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. [Sekula-Wood, Emily; Benitez-Nelson, Claudia R.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Sekula-Wood, Emily; Benitez-Nelson, Claudia R.] Univ S Carolina, Marine Sci Program, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Fire, SE (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM spencer.fire@noaa.gov RI Fire, Spencer/P-6040-2014; OI Fire, Spencer/0000-0002-1657-790X; Benitez-Nelson, Claudia/0000-0002-1004-5048 FU National Science Foundation [OCE: 0850425] FX The authors would like to thank Dave Rotstein for assistance with histopathological analyses. We thank Gina Ylitalo for analysis of persistent organic pollutants in blubber tissues. We thank the U. S. Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program for use of level A stranding data. We thank Jennifer Maucher Fuquay, Greg Doucette, and Wayne McFee for their assistance in the revision of this manuscript. This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation, Chemical Oceanography Program OCE: 0850425. NR 43 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 33 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS PI MOLINE PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA SN 0167-5427 J9 AQUAT MAMM JI Aquat. Mamm. PY 2010 VL 36 IS 4 BP 342 EP 350 DI 10.1578/AM.36.4.2010.342 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 699EI UT WOS:000285646300002 ER PT J AU Bradley, PB Sanderson, MP Nejstgaard, JC Sazhin, AF Frischer, ME Killberg-Thoreson, LM Verity, PG Campbell, L Bronk, DA AF Bradley, P. B. Sanderson, M. P. Nejstgaard, J. C. Sazhin, A. F. Frischer, M. E. Killberg-Thoreson, L. M. Verity, P. G. Campbell, L. Bronk, D. A. TI Nitrogen uptake by phytoplankton and bacteria during an induced Phaeocystis pouchetii bloom, measured using size fractionation and flow cytometric sorting SO AQUATIC MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nitrogen uptake; Mesocosm experiments; Phaeocystis; Phytoplankton; Bacteria; Flow cytometry ID LONG-TERM CHANGES; NORTH-SEA; ORGANIC NITROGEN; SPRING BLOOM; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; INORGANIC NITROGEN; COASTAL WATERS; NUTRIENT; AMMONIUM AB Uptake of inorganic and organic nitrogen (N) by phytoplankton and bacteria was investigated during a mesocosm study conducted in Raunefjord, Norway in April 2005. One mesocosm was fertilized with nitrate and phosphate at a ratio of 16:1 and maintained in the light, while one unamended light mesocosm served as a control. Dissolved nutrients, phytoplankton and bacterial biomass, and phytoplankton community composition were monitored throughout the 26 d experiment. Uptake of (15)N-labeled ammonium and nitrate, and dual-labeled ((15)N and (13)C) urea and dissolved free amino acids (DFAA) was measured for phytoplankton and bacteria using 2 methods: size fractionation into 0.2-0.8 and > 0.8 pm size classes, and flow cytometric sorting based on chlorophyll autofluorescence. Prior to fertilization, dissolved inorganic N concentrations were low and comprised similar to 5% of total dissolved N. Added nitrate was completely utilized in the amended mesocosm within 10 d, stimulating a large bloom of colonial Phaeocystis pouchetii. Ammonium contributed over half of total measured N uptake by phytoplankton and bacteria in both enclosures, while nitrate and urea each supplied roughly 10 to 25%. Overall, DFAA were a negligible N source to phytoplankton but contributed 11 % to total bacterial N uptake. Bacterial uptake represented a significant portion of total uptake of all N forms, especially urea and DFAA. Comparison of the 2 methods for measuring phytoplankton versus bacterial uptake demonstrates how the use of 0.8 mu m filters can lead to significant overestimation of phytoplankton N uptake due to the retention of bacterial biomass. C1 [Nejstgaard, J. C.] Uni Environm, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. [Nejstgaard, J. C.] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, N-5006 Bergen, Norway. [Sazhin, A. F.] RAS, PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow 117997, Russia. [Frischer, M. E.; Verity, P. G.] Skidaway Inst Oceanog, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. [Campbell, L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Bradley, P. B.; Sanderson, M. P.; Killberg-Thoreson, L. M.; Bronk, D. A.] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Bradley, PB (reprint author), NOAA, 1305 EW Hwy N-MB5, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM paul.bradley@noaa.gov RI Campbell, Lisa/E-6587-2011 OI Campbell, Lisa/0000-0003-2756-2743 FU US Department of Energy [FG02-98ER-62531]; US National Science Foundation [OPP-00-83381, OCE-08-25999, OCE-05-45312, OCE-07-52490]; Norwegian Research Council [152714/120]; US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [FP916328] FX We dedicate this paper to the legacy of Peter Verity. Peter touched countless individuals, both personally and professionally, and we celebrate his contributions to oceanographic research, science education, and public out-reach. We are grateful to A. Aadnesen, H. Gjertsen, T. Sorlie, and the rest of the staff at the University of Bergen's Marine Biological Station, as well as Q. Roberts, J. Brofft, M. Booth, P. Simonelli, S. Putzeys, and T. Walters for their help in conducting this study. We also thank M. Hagebo for analyses of fixed nutrient samples, R. Condon and S. Baer for their assistance with DOC measurements, and I. Anderson and D. Steinberg for their comments on the manuscript. This research was supported by the US Department of Energy Biotechnology Investigations/Ocean Margins Program (FG02-98ER-62531 to DAB., M.E.F., and P.G.V.), the US National Science Foundation (OPP-00-83381 to M.E.F. and P.G.V., OCE-08-25999 to M.E.F., OCE-05-45312 to P.G.V., and OCE-07-52490 to DAB.), the Norwegian Research Council (152714/120 to J.C.N.), and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Science to Achieve Results (STAR) graduate fellowship program (FP916328 to P.B.B.). This publication is not officially endorsed by the US EPA and may not reflect the views of the agency. This paper is Contribution No. 3028 from the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, The College of William & Mary. NR 53 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 29 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0948-3055 J9 AQUAT MICROB ECOL JI Aquat. Microb. Ecol. PY 2010 VL 61 IS 1 BP 89 EP 104 DI 10.3354/ame01414 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 667OL UT WOS:000283203300007 ER EF