FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Bianchi, D Sarmiento, JL Gnanadesikan, A Key, RM Schlosser, P Newton, R AF Bianchi, Daniele Sarmiento, Jorge L. Gnanadesikan, Anand Key, Robert M. Schlosser, Peter Newton, Robert TI Low helium flux from the mantle inferred from simulations of oceanic helium isotope data SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE helium isotopes; degassing; mantle geochemistry; ocean tracers ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; EAST PACIFIC RISE; PRIMORDIAL HE-3; SOUTH ATLANTIC; NORTH-ATLANTIC; DEEP-WATER; CIRCULATION; EARTH; NEON; GEOCHEMISTRY AB The high (3)He/(4)He isotopic ratio of oceanic helium relative to the atmosphere has long been recognized as the signature of mantle (3)He outgassing from the Earth's interior. The outgassing flux of helium is frequently used to normalize estimates of chemical fluxes of elements from the solid Earth, and provides a strong constraint to models of mantle degassing. Here we use a suite of ocean general circulation models and helium isotope data obtained by the World Ocean Circulation Experiment to constrain the flux of helium from the mantle to the oceans. Our results suggest that the currently accepted flux is overestimated by a factor of 2. We show that a flux of 527 +/- 102 mol year(-1) is required for ocean general circulation models that produce distributions of ocean ventilation tracers such as radiocarbon and chlorofluorocarbons that match observations. This new estimate calls for a reevaluation of the degassing fluxes of elements that are currently tied to the helium fluxes, including noble gases and carbon dioxide. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bianchi, Daniele; Sarmiento, Jorge L.; Gnanadesikan, Anand; Key, Robert M.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Gnanadesikan, Anand] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Schlosser, Peter; Newton, Robert] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Schlosser, Peter] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY USA. [Schlosser, Peter] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Engn, New York, NY USA. RP Bianchi, D (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM dbianchi@princeton.edu; jls@princeton.edu; anand.gnanadesikan@noaa.gov; key@princeton.edu; schlosser@ldeo.columbia.edu; bnewton@ldeo.columbia.edu RI Schlosser, Peter/C-6416-2012; Gnanadesikan, Anand/A-2397-2008 OI Schlosser, Peter/0000-0002-6514-4203; Gnanadesikan, Anand/0000-0001-5784-1116 FU DOE [DOE-DE-FGO2-OTER64467]; NOAA [NA08OAR4310820, NA08OAR4320752, NA03OAR4320179] FX We are deeply grateful to all the people who contributed to the collection of the data that made this study possible, including helium isotopes, neon, tritium. CFCs and hydrographic data. We thank the principal investigators for WOCE helium measurements, H. Craig, W. Jenkins, J. Lupton, W. Roether, Z. Top. We thank R. Lumpkin and S. Downes for providing the estimates of the overturning. D. Bianchi was supported by DOE grant DOE-DE-FGO2-OTER64467. J. Sarmiento participation in this work was supported by NOAA grant NA08OAR4320752. R. Key received support from NOAA grants NA08OAR4310820 and NA08OAR4320752. P. Schlosser received support from NOAA grants NA08OAR4320752 and NA03OAR4320179. NR 42 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2010 VL 297 IS 3-4 BP 379 EP 386 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.06.037 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 654ZE UT WOS:000282209300004 ER PT J AU Lepage, A Hopper, MW Delgado, SA Dragovich, JJ AF Lepage, Andres Hopper, Michael W. Delgado, Sebastian A. Dragovich, Jeff J. TI Best-fit models for nonlinear seismic response of reinforced concrete frames SO ENGINEERING STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Frequency domain error; Hysteresis; Nonlinear dynamic analysis; Time-history analysis AB This paper identifies the optimal combination of hysteresis-modeling and damping parameters for use in practical nonlinear dynamic analysis to obtain satisfactory correlations in both amplitude and waveform between the calculated and measured seismic response of reinforced concrete frames. In this study, frame members are characterized by five modeling parameters: initial stiffness, bond-slip rotations, post-yield stiffness, unloading stiffness, and viscous damping. The calculated response is compared with measured data from three small-scale shake-table multistory test structures and from a seven-story instrumented building. The three test specimens (structures MF1, MF2, and FNW) are each analyzed for two different base acceleration tests whereas the seven-story building (Holiday Inn at Van Nuys, CA) is analyzed using a single recorded seismic event (1994 Northridge) in each of the two principal directions of the building (structures HNS and HEW). Analyses for all five structures are carried out using three different computer programs. The goodness-of-fit of the computed response to the recorded experimental data is measured by the Frequency Domain Error (FDE) index. Simplified rules are presented to derive the best modeling characterizations that give consistent low values of FOE for the various structures and structural analysis programs considered. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lepage, Andres] Penn State Univ, Dept Architectural Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Delgado, Sebastian A.] Univ Zulia, Fac Ingn, Dept Estruct, Maracaibo, Zulia, Venezuela. [Dragovich, Jeff J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab MS 8604, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lepage, A (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Architectural Engn, 104 Engn Unit A Univ Pk, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM lepage@psu.edu NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-0296 J9 ENG STRUCT JI Eng. Struct. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 32 IS 9 BP 2931 EP 2939 DI 10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.05.012 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 652HU UT WOS:000281995300038 ER PT J AU Anenberg, SC Horowitz, LW Tong, DQ West, JJ AF Anenberg, Susan C. Horowitz, Larry W. Tong, Daniel Q. West, J. Jason TI An Estimate of the Global Burden of Anthropogenic Ozone and Fine Particulate Matter on Premature Human Mortality Using Atmospheric Modeling SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE air pollution; atmospheric chemistry model; health effects of air pollution; health impact analysis; ozone; particulate matter ID AIR-POLLUTION; EMISSION CONTROLS; TRENDS; ASSOCIATION; TRANSPORT; EXPOSURE; QUALITY; IMPACTS; US AB BACKGROUND: Ground-level concentrations of ozone (O-3) and fine particulate matter [<= 2.5 mu m in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5)] have increased since preindustrial times in urban and rural regions and are associated with cardiovascular and respiratory mortality. OBJECTIVES: We estimated the global burden of mortality due to O-3 and PM2.5 from anthropogenic emissions using global atmospheric chemical transport model simulations of preindustrial and present-day (2000) concentrations to derive exposure estimates. METHODS: Attributable mortalities were estimated using health impact functions based on long-term relative risk estimates for O-3 and PM2.5 from the epidemiology literature. Using simulated concentrations rather than previous methods based on measurements allows the inclusion of rural areas where measurements are often unavailable and avoids making assumptions for background air pollution. RESULTS: Anthropogenic O-3 was associated with an estimated 0.7 +/- 0.3 million respiratory mortalities (6.3 +/- 3.0 million years of life lost) annually. Anthropogenic PM2.5 was associated with 3.5 +/- 0.9 million cardiopulmonary and 220,000 +/- 80,000 lung cancer mortalities (30 +/- 7.6 million years of life lost) annually. Mortality estimates were reduced approximately 30% when we assumed low-concentration thresholds of 33.3 ppb for O-3 and 5.8 mu g/m(3) for PM2.5. These estimates were sensitive to concentration thresholds and concentration-mortality relationships, often by > 50%. CONCLUSIONS: Anthropogenic O-3 and PM2.5 contribute substantially to global premature mortality. PM2.5 mortality estimates are about 50% higher than previous measurement-based estimates based on common assumptions, mainly because of methodologic differences. Specifically, we included rural populations, suggesting higher estimates; however, the coarse resolution of the global atmospheric model may underestimate urban PM2.5 exposures. C1 [Anenberg, Susan C.; West, J. Jason] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Horowitz, Larry W.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Tong, Daniel Q.] Sci & Technol Corp, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP West, JJ (reprint author), 146B Rosenau Hall,CB 7431, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM jjwest@email.unc.edu RI Tong, Daniel/A-8255-2008; West, Jason/J-2322-2015; OI Tong, Daniel/0000-0002-4255-4568; West, Jason/0000-0001-5652-4987; Henderson, Barron/0000-0002-6755-3051; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314 FU Merck Foundation and Clean Air Task Force; University of North Carolina Institute for the Environment; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (National Network for Environmental Management Studies) FX This work was supported by the Merck Foundation and Clean Air Task Force, the University of North Carolina Institute for the Environment, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (National Network for Environmental Management Studies).; S.C.A. and J.J.W. received unrestricted funding from the Merck Foundation to support a related project, and the Merck Foundation was unaware of this research. D.Q.T. is an employee of Science and Technology Corporation, working at National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration facilities. L.W.H. declares he has no actual or potential competing financial interests. NR 41 TC 168 Z9 172 U1 16 U2 130 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 118 IS 9 BP 1189 EP 1195 DI 10.1289/ehp.0901220 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 647MB UT WOS:000281621500002 PM 20382579 ER PT J AU Sanger, D Hernandez, D Libes, S Voulgaris, G Davis, B Smith, E Shuford, R Porter, D Koepfler, E Bennett, J AF Sanger, Denise Hernandez, Debra Libes, Susan Voulgaris, George Davis, Braxton Smith, Erik Shuford, Rebecca Porter, Dwayne Koepfler, Eric Bennett, Joseph TI A Case History of the Science and Management Collaboration in Understanding Hypoxia Events in Long Bay, South Carolina, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Hypoxia; Water quality; Science to management; Coastal resource management; Long Bay; South Carolina ID DECISION-MAKING; ECOSYSTEM; RESPONSES; DIALOGUE AB Communication of knowledge between the scientific and management communities is a difficult process complicated by the distinctive nature of professional career goals of scientists and decision-makers. This article provides a case history highlighting a collaboration between the science and management communities that resulted from a response to a 2004 hypoxia, or low dissolved oxygen, event in Long Bay, off Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. A working group of scientists and decision-makers was established at the time of the event and has continued to interact to develop a firm understanding of the drivers responsible for hypoxia formation in Long Bay. Several factors were found to be important to ensure that these collaborative efforts were productive: (1) genuine interest in collaboratively working across disciplines to examine a problem; (2) commitment by agency leadership, decision-makers, and researchers to create successful communication mechanisms; (3) respect for each others' perspectives and an understanding how science and management are performed and that they are not mutually exclusive; (4) networking among researchers and decision-makers to ensure appropriate team members are involved in the process; (5) use of decision-maker input in the formulation of research and monitoring projects; and (6) commitment of resources for facilitation to ensure that researchers and decision-makers are communicating effectively. C1 [Sanger, Denise] S Carolina Sea Grant Consortium, Charleston, SC 29401 USA. [Hernandez, Debra] SE Coastal Ocean Observing Reg Assoc, Charleston, SC USA. [Libes, Susan; Koepfler, Eric; Bennett, Joseph] Coastal Carolina Univ, Dept Marine Sci, Conway, SC USA. [Voulgaris, George] Univ S Carolina, Earth & Ocean Sci Dept, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Davis, Braxton] S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Charleston, SC USA. [Smith, Erik] N Inlet Winyah Bay Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, Georgetown, SC USA. [Shuford, Rebecca] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Fisheries Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Porter, Dwayne] Univ S Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Sanger, D (reprint author), S Carolina Sea Grant Consortium, 287 Meeting St, Charleston, SC 29401 USA. EM denise.sanger@scseagrant.org RI Voulgaris, George/A-7593-2014 OI Voulgaris, George/0000-0002-0667-8870 NR 23 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 46 IS 3 BP 340 EP 350 DI 10.1007/s00267-010-9529-8 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 652CQ UT WOS:000281979100003 PM 20676889 ER PT J AU Ge, ZF Nevers, MB Schwab, DJ Whitman, RL AF Ge, Zhongfu Nevers, Meredith B. Schwab, David J. Whitman, Richard L. TI Coastal Loading and Transport of Escherichia coli at an Embayed Beach in Lake Michigan SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FECAL BACTERIA; WATER; COLI; MODEL; VARIABILITY; CALIFORNIA; SWASH; SAND AB A Chicago beach in southwest Lake Michigan was revisited to determine the influence of nearshore hydrodynamic effects on the variability of Escherichia coli (E. coli) concentration in both knee-deep and offshore waters. Explanatory variables that could be used for identifying potential bacteria loading mechanisms, such as bed shear stress due to a combined wave-current boundary layer and wave runup on the beach surface, were derived from an existing wave and current database. The derived hydrodynamic variables, along with the actual observed E. coli concentrations in the submerged and foreshore sands, were expected to reveal bacteria loading through nearshore sediment resuspension and swash on the beach surface, respectively. Based on the observation that onshore waves tend to result in a more active hydrodynamic system at this embayed beach, multiple linear regression analysis of onshore-wave cases further indicated the significance of sediment resuspension and the interaction of swash with gull-droppings in explaining the variability of E. coli concentration in the knee-deep water. For cases with longshore currents, numerical simulations using the Princeton Ocean Model revealed current circulation patterns inside the embayment, which can effectively entrain bacteria from the swash zone into the central area of the embayed beach water and eventually release them out of the embayment The embayed circulation patterns are consistent with the statistical results that identified that 1) the submerged sediment was an additional net source of E. coli to the offshore water and 21 variability of E. coli concentration in the knee-deep water contributed adversely to that in the offshore water for longshore-current cases. The embayed beach setting and the statistical and numerical methods used in the present study have wide applicability for analyzing recreational water quality at similar marine and freshwater sites. C1 [Ge, Zhongfu; Nevers, Meredith B.; Whitman, Richard L.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA. [Schwab, David J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Ge, ZF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, 1100 N Mineral Springs Rd, Porter, IN 46304 USA. EM zge@usgs.gov RI Schwab, David/B-7498-2012; OI Nevers, Meredith/0000-0001-6963-6734 FU USGS; NOAA's Ocean and Human Health Initiative FX The authors would like to thank Gregory Lang of the NOAA and Steve Corsi of the USGS for their help with data. Helpful discussions with Rachael Jones and Pramod Thupaki are also appreciated. This article was funded by USGS Great Lakes Ocean Research Priorities Plan (ORPP) and NOAA's Ocean and Human Health Initiative. This article is Contribution 1601 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center and Contribution No. 1569 of the NOAA GLERL. NR 29 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 17 BP 6731 EP 6737 DI 10.1021/es100797r PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 642OP UT WOS:000281225800032 PM 20687542 ER PT J AU Wang, SK Mamontov, E Bai, M Hansen, FY Taub, H Copley, JRD Sakai, VG Gasparovic, G Jenkins, T Tyagi, M Herwig, KW Neumann, DA Montfrooij, W Volkmann, UG AF Wang, S. -K. Mamontov, E. Bai, M. Hansen, F. Y. Taub, H. Copley, J. R. D. Sakai, V. Garcia Gasparovic, G. Jenkins, T. Tyagi, M. Herwig, K. W. Neumann, D. A. Montfrooij, W. Volkmann, U. G. TI Localized diffusive motion on two different time scales in solid alkane nanoparticles SO EPL LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; X-RAY-SCATTERING; MOLECULAR-MOTION; SIO2 SURFACE; FILMS; TRITRIACONTANE; SPECTROMETER; PARAFFINS; N-C33H68; PHASES AB High-energy-resolution quasielastic neutron scattering on three complementary spectrometers has been used to investigate molecular diffusive motion in solid nano- to bulk-sized particles of the alkane n-C32H66. The crystalline-to-plastic and plastic-to-fluid phase transition temperatures are observed to decrease as the particle size decreases. In all samples, localized molecular diffusive motion in the plastic phase occurs on two different time scales: a "fast" motion corresponding to uniaxial rotation about the long molecular axis; and a "slow" motion attributed to conformational changes of the molecule. Contrary to the conventional interpretation in bulk alkanes, the fast uniaxial rotation begins in the low-temperature crystalline phase. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2010 C1 [Wang, S. -K.; Bai, M.; Hansen, F. Y.; Taub, H.; Montfrooij, W.] Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Wang, S. -K.; Bai, M.; Hansen, F. Y.; Taub, H.; Montfrooij, W.] Univ Missouri, Univ Missouri Res Reactor, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Mamontov, E.; Herwig, K. W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Copley, J. R. D.; Sakai, V. Garcia; Gasparovic, G.; Jenkins, T.; Tyagi, M.; Neumann, D. A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sakai, V. Garcia; Tyagi, M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Volkmann, U. G.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Santiago 22, Chile. [Wang, S. -K.] Ctr Comprehens Canc, Palm Springs, CA 92263 USA. [Hansen, F. Y.] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Chem, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. RP Wang, SK (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM taubh@missouri.edu RI Herwig, Kenneth/F-4787-2011; Volkmann, Ulrich/H-1802-2014; Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/M-4693-2014; Mamontov, Eugene/Q-1003-2015 OI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/0000-0002-4364-7176; Mamontov, Eugene/0000-0002-5684-2675 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [DMR-0705974]; NSF [DMR-0454672]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy FX This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR-0705974 and utilized facilities supported in part by the NSF under agreement No. DMR-0454672. A portion of this research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. We thank C. M. Brown for useful discussions. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PD SEP PY 2010 VL 91 IS 6 AR 66007 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/91/66007 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 674BO UT WOS:000283708700018 ER PT J AU Orth, RJ Williams, MR Marion, SR Wilcox, DJ Carruthers, TJB Moore, KA Kemp, WM Dennison, WC Rybicki, N Bergstrom, P Batiuk, RA AF Orth, Robert J. Williams, Michael R. Marion, Scott R. Wilcox, David J. Carruthers, Tim J. B. Moore, Kenneth A. Kemp, W. Michael Dennison, William C. Rybicki, Nancy Bergstrom, Peter Batiuk, Richard A. TI Long-Term Trends in Submersed Aquatic Vegetation (SAV) in Chesapeake Bay, USA, Related to Water Quality SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Submersed aquatic vegetation; Salinity community-types; Chesapeake Bay; Abundance; Nutrients; Nitrogen; Water quality ID TIDAL POTOMAC RIVER; ZOSTERA-MARINA L.; SEAGRASS ECOSYSTEMS; COASTAL EUTROPHICATION; HABITAT REQUIREMENTS; ESTUARINE ECOSYSTEMS; LIGHT REQUIREMENTS; TEMPORAL VARIATION; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; COCKBURN SOUND AB Chesapeake Bay supports a diverse assemblage of marine and freshwater species of submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV) whose broad distributions are generally constrained by salinity. An annual aerial SAV monitoring program and a bi-monthly to monthly water quality monitoring program have been conducted throughout Chesapeake Bay since 1984. We performed an analysis of SAV abundance and up to 22 environmental variables potentially influencing SAV growth and abundance (1984-2006). Historically, SAV abundance has changed dramatically in Chesapeake Bay, and since 1984, when SAV abundance was at historic low levels, SAV has exhibited complex changes including long-term (decadal) increases and decreases, as well as some large, single-year changes. Chesapeake Bay SAV was grouped into three broad-scale community-types based on salinity regime, each with their own distinct group of species, and detailed analyses were conducted on these three community-types as well as on seven distinct case-study areas spanning the three salinity regimes. Different trends in SAV abundance were evident in the different salinity regimes. SAV abundance has (a) continually increased in the low-salinity region; (b) increased initially in the medium-salinity region, followed by fluctuating abundances; and (c) increased initially in the high-salinity region, followed by a subsequent decline. In all areas, consistent negative correlations between measures of SAV abundance and nitrogen loads or concentrations suggest that meadows are responsive to changes in inputs of nitrogen. For smaller case-study areas, different trends in SAV abundance were also noted including correlations to water clarity in high-salinity case-study areas, but nitrogen was highly correlated in all areas. Current maximum SAV coverage for almost all areas remain below restoration targets, indicating that SAV abundance and associated ecosystem services are currently limited by continued poor water quality, and specifically high nutrient concentrations, within Chesapeake Bay. The nutrient reductions noted in some tributaries, which were highly correlated to increases in SAV abundance, suggest management activities have already contributed to SAV increases in some areas, but the strong negative correlation throughout the Chesapeake Bay between nitrogen and SAV abundance also suggests that further nutrient reductions will be necessary for SAV to attain or exceed restoration targets throughout the bay. C1 [Orth, Robert J.; Marion, Scott R.; Wilcox, David J.; Moore, Kenneth A.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Williams, Michael R.; Carruthers, Tim J. B.; Dennison, William C.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Integrat Applicat Network, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Carruthers, Tim J. B.; Kemp, W. Michael; Dennison, William C.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. [Rybicki, Nancy] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Bergstrom, Peter] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. [Batiuk, Richard A.] US EPA, Chesapeake Bay Program, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. RP Orth, RJ (reprint author), Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Rt 1208,Greate Rd, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM jjorth@vims.edu RI Dennison, William/D-7739-2012; kemp, Michael/F-9955-2013 FU US Environmental Protection Agency; Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972; Allied-Signal Foundation; NOAA; Army Corps of Engineers ERDC FX Funding for much of the monitoring were from the following sources: US Environmental Protection Agency's Chesapeake Bay Program Office; the Coastal Programs of the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality and Maryland Department of Natural Resources funded by Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; US Fish and Wildlife Service; School of Marine Science, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary; private grants from the Allied-Signal Foundation, Norfolk-Southern, and the Keith Campbell Foundation. WMK acknowledges funding from NOAA Maryland Sea Grant and the Army Corps of Engineers ERDC. We thank Kris Beckert for assistance with figures. We appreciate the thoughtful comments of the anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. Contribution no. 3091 from the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary; 4412 from University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. NR 101 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 54 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD SEP PY 2010 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1144 EP 1163 DI 10.1007/s12237-010-9311-4 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 658SR UT WOS:000282510200008 ER PT J AU Jones, KL Mikulski, CM Barnhorst, A Doucette, GJ AF Jones, Kelly L. Mikulski, Christina M. Barnhorst, Amanda Doucette, Gregory J. TI Comparative analysis of bacterioplankton assemblages from Karenia brevis bloom and nonbloom water on the west Florida shelf (Gulf of Mexico, USA) using 16S rRNA gene clone libraries SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Karenia brevis; harmful algal bloom; 16S rRNA gene clone libraries; unifrac; HAB-associated bacteria; dinoflagellate ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; BACTERIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MARINE ROSEOBACTER LINEAGE; MEDITERRANEAN COASTAL WATERS; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; RED TIDE DINOFLAGELLATE; HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; ALGICIDAL BACTERIA; ALEXANDRIUM SPP. AB The brevetoxin-producing dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis, forms nearly annual blooms off the Florida west coast, severely impacting the region's ecology and economy. Bacteria are often cited as either promoting or interfering with the development of algal blooms, and thus a detailed study of the bacterioplankton assemblages associated with K. brevis was undertaken. We developed sixteen 16S rRNA gene clone libraries from K. brevis bloom and adjacent nonbloom water to determine the bacterial groups present and assess the influence of K. brevis cell number and/or depth on bacterioplankton community composition. Most notably, bacterial groups such as Rhodobacterales (Alphaproteobacteria) and Cytophagales/Sphingobacteriales (Bacteroidetes), reported previously to be associated with other harmful algal species, were often abundant in the presence of K. brevis. Cyanobacteria frequently dominated surface samples containing no detectable K. brevis, consistent with earlier work suggesting that these photosynthetic organisms may be important in promoting the proliferation of these blooms by conditioning the water. Moreover, differences in the abundance/diversity of traditionally more rare and often undocumented phylogenetic groups (e.g. Betaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, Chloroflexus, Firmicutes) were apparent in bloom vs. nonbloom water. This is the first study to document the association of these phylogenetic groups with natural K. brevis populations and suggests a potential role for these microorganisms in K. brevis bloom dynamics. C1 [Jones, Kelly L.; Mikulski, Christina M.; Barnhorst, Amanda; Doucette, Gregory J.] NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Doucette, GJ (reprint author), NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM greg.doucette@noaa.gov RI Doucette, Gregory/M-3283-2013 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); US EPA; NSF; NASA; ONR; NOAA/NOS; US ECOHAB Program [335] FX We wish to thank Dr S. Polson for the analysis of our data using his recently developed phylotemp statistical tool to produce our heatmap. We also thank Kimberly Nowocin for her expert assistance in the design/editing of the figures and Dr L. Kracker for providing the sample site map. In addition, we acknowledge Lara Adams, Stephanie Brunelle, and Laura Webster for providing valuable edits to this manuscript, as well as two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. Samples for this work were collected during the ECOHAB Florida Regional Field Program cruises. Support for this research was provided by the US ECOHAB Program sponsored by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the US EPA, NSF, NASA, and ONR, and by NOAA/NOS operational funds. This is contribution number 335 from the US ECOHAB Program. NR 100 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 20 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0168-6496 EI 1574-6941 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 73 IS 3 BP 468 EP 485 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2010.00914.x PG 18 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 635CK UT WOS:000280633000006 PM 20618855 ER PT J AU Levin, PS Dufault, A AF Levin, Phillip S. Dufault, Aaron TI Eating up the food web SO FISH AND FISHERIES LA English DT Article DE Cookbook recipe; ecosystem-based fisheries management; fishing down the food web; marine conservation; rockfish ID FISHERIES; SUSTAINABILITY; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT AB Crafting effective responses to problems faced by the world's oceans requires that we grasp the social drivers compelling harmful patterns of ocean use. One of the disquieting consequences of fishing is reduction in the mean trophic level of commercially captured species (fishing down the food web). While the trophic level of fisheries catch has declined in nearly two-thirds of the world's ecosystems, the social drivers underpinning this have been assumed or asserted, not quantified. Here, we examine patterns in seafood cookbooks as a means to gain insight into the social drivers underlying the changes observed in the trophic level of capture fisheries. We searched libraries in Washington and Oregon, U.S. for seafood cookbooks published within the U.S. Pacific Northwest. We uncovered 3092 recipes published between 1885 and 2007 that met our criteria. We found large increases in average trophic level of recipes over time ('eating up the food web'). This occurred largely because low trophic level invertebrates decreased in their frequency, while the representation of high-trophic level rockfish (Sebastes spp.), increased. We contend that cookbooks reveal much about the societal value of high trophic level species. Ultimately, sustainability of fisheries and marine ecosystems is not solely a biophysical problem - sustainability must also include the viability of socially shaped relationships between people and the sea. Knowledge of the drivers underlying the pattern of 'eating up the food web' should aide in developing policies that move beyond managing pressures (fishing), but also deal with the social drivers that generate those pressures. C1 [Levin, Phillip S.; Dufault, Aaron] NOAA Fisheries, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Levin, PS (reprint author), Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Biol, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. EM phil.levin@noaa.gov NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 12 U2 64 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1467-2960 J9 FISH FISH JI Fish. Fish. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 11 IS 3 BP 307 EP 312 DI 10.1111/j.1467-2979.2010.00355.x PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 635PY UT WOS:000280669800007 ER PT J AU Miller, TJ Blair, JA Ihde, TF Jones, RM Secor, DH Wilberg, MJ AF Miller, Thomas J. Blair, Jeff A. Ihde, Thomas F. Jones, Robert M. Secor, David H. Wilberg, Michael J. TI FishSmart: An Innovative Role for Science in Stakeholder-Centered Approaches to Fisheries Management SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID DECISION-ANALYSIS; ENVIRONMENTAL-MANAGEMENT; RECREATIONAL FISHERIES; HARVEST POLICIES; RISK-ASSESSMENT; SUSTAINABILITY; CONSERVATION; YIELD AB Until recently, marine fisheries managers have predominately interacted with a single user group-commercial fisheries. However, changes in participation in fisheries and progress toward ecosystem-based approaches have introduced new stakeholders into the management process. Yet, there are few examples of successful approaches of how to engage the spectrum of stakeholders interested in management policy and decisions. Here we describe one such approach that was used in the fisheries for king mackerel (Scomberomorus cavalla) along the U. S. southeast coast. The approach combined consensus building in facilitated workshops and decision analysis in which stakeholders could compare the consequences of alternative management options on trends in the king mackerel population and the fisheries it supports. The process resulted in a workgroup of stakeholders that developed a clear vision for its desired future of king mackerel fisheries and several alternative management options. Decision analysis was used to select the best options that were then recommended to the South Atlantic Fisheries Management Council (SAFMC). These options were more conservative than the council's own recommendations. Additional benefits of the process included stakeholder education, both in stock assessment methodology and in an understanding other stakeholder positions, and the development of closer cooperation among stakeholders and managers. C1 [Miller, Thomas J.] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Blair, Jeff A.; Jones, Robert M.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Blair, Jeff A.] FSUs FCRC Consensus Ctr, Tallahassee, FL USA. [Ihde, Thomas F.] NOAA Fisheries Chesapeake Bay Off, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Miller, TJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. EM miller@cbl.umces.edu RI Miller, Thomas/C-2129-2008; Secor, D/D-4367-2012; Wilberg, Michael/C-2765-2008; Wilberg, Michael/D-6289-2013 OI Miller, Thomas/0000-0001-8427-1614; Secor, D/0000-0001-6007-4827; Wilberg, Michael/0000-0001-8982-5946 FU Marine Conservation Initiative; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation FX The authors wish to thank the members of the FishSmart king mackerel workgroup for their enthusiasm, dedication, and insight. We also wish to thank members of the project's steering committee for helpful guidance and advice. In particular, we recognize the contributions of Michael Nussman, president and CEO of the American Sportfishing Association, for encouraging us to pursue this research. The project was funded by grant from the Marine Conservation Initiative, a program of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. This is contribution number 4428 of the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. NR 29 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD SEP PY 2010 VL 35 IS 9 BP 424 EP 433 DI 10.1577/1548-8446-35.9.422 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 649PS UT WOS:000281785300003 ER PT J AU Veronica, DA AF Veronica, Daniel A. TI Detecting Cooling Coil Fouling Automatically-Part 2: Results Using a Multi layer Perceptron SO HVAC&R RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; FAULT-DIAGNOSIS; SYSTEMS AB A new concept to automatically detect cooling coil fouling is introduced in a companion paper (Veronica 2010). The concept maintains a data-driven dynamic model of the cooling coil on-line with coil instruments, so all steady and transient coil behavior is assimilated. The fouling surveillance is to periodically apply a specific transient sequence (the query) to this model off-line as a surrogate for applying such a test to the real coil. A query sum, calculated from the transient response of the model to a query, is used to detect changes in the real coil, to discern fouling from other faults such as instrument drift, and to further discern water-side from air-side fouling. A crucial element to viability of the concept is that the data-driven coil model respond to queries dynamically and recursively, with sufficient stability and accuracy so that fouling can be discerned. Yet, the model should be of reasonably simple architecture, permitting a plausible embedded implementation. Based on trials using simulator data, a relatively simple, three-node, multilayered perceptron demonstrates sufficient accuracy and stability so that the concept can be regarded as viable and as warranting further development. Also presented are the factors found to be critical for dynamically employing a data-driven model of any architecture to detect process faults. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Veronica, DA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 1078-9669 J9 HVAC&R RES JI HVAC&R Res. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 16 IS 5 BP 599 EP 615 DI 10.1080/10789669.2010.10390923 PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 656DT UT WOS:000282307100004 ER PT J AU Cutter, GR Berger, L Demer, DA AF Cutter, George R., Jr. Berger, Laurent Demer, David A. TI A comparison of bathymetry mapped with the Simrad ME70 multibeam echosounder operated in bathymetric and fisheries modes SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bathymetry; mapping; ME70; multibeam echosounder; NOAA FSV; split-beam AB Cutter, G. R. Jr, Berger, L., and Demer, D. A. 2010. A comparison of bathymetry mapped with the Simrad ME70 multibeam echosounder operated in bathymetric and fisheries modes. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1301-1309. The Simrad ME70 multibeam echosounder was designed for quantitative fisheries research and is currently installed on Ifremer's fishery survey vessel (FSV) "Thalassa" and each of the new, quiet, NOAA FSVs. The ME70 has configurable beams and transmits in the range 70-120 kHz to provide calibrated, acoustic-backscattering data throughout the detection range ( fisheries mode, FM). With optional hardware and software, the ME70 can also collect soundings that potentially meet International Hydrographic Organization's S-44 Order 1 standards (bathymetric mode, BM). Furthermore, with custom algorithms and software, bathymetric data can be obtained from the ME70 operating in FM, and volume backscatter can be sampled from the ME70 operating in BM. This flexibility allows data to be concurrently collected on fish and their seabed habitat. A method is described for processing the echo amplitude and phase data from multiple split-beams formed in FM to estimate seabed range, slope, and roughness. The resulting bathymetry is compared with that collected with the ME70 operating in BM in the same area of the Bay of Biscay. A proposal is made for software development to facilitate dual-use data processing. C1 [Cutter, George R., Jr.; Demer, David A.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, La Jolla, CA USA. [Berger, Laurent] Ifremer, Dept NSE, Plouzane, France. RP Cutter, GR (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA USA. EM george.cutter@noaa.gov NR 11 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 67 IS 6 BP 1301 EP 1309 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsq012 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 638TP UT WOS:000280919600020 ER PT J AU Cheng, J Liang, SL Weng, FZ Wang, JD Li, XW AF Cheng, Jie Liang, Shunlin Weng, Fuzhong Wang, Jindi Li, Xiaowen TI Comparison of Radiative Transfer Models for Simulating Snow Surface Thermal Infrared Emissivity SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE DISORT; Mie theory; radiative transfer model; snow emissivity spectra ID BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; ASYMMETRY PARAMETERS; PHASE FUNCTION; SCATTERING; TEMPERATURE; ICE; ALGORITHMS; RETRIEVAL; PARTICLES; WINDOW AB In this study, three analytical radiative transfer (RT) models and a numerical RT model are used to simulate the thermal-infrared (8-13 mu m) emissivity spectra of snow surfaces. The single-scattering albedo and asymmetry factor calculated by Mie theory, in conjunction with that modified by two existing packing correction methods, are used as inputs to these RT models. The simulated snow emissivity spectra are compared with in situ measurements. The best models for simulating snow emissivity spectra are identified at the conclusion of this paper. C1 [Cheng, Jie; Wang, Jindi; Li, Xiaowen] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Cheng, Jie; Wang, Jindi; Li, Xiaowen] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Cheng, Jie; Liang, Shunlin] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Cheng, J (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. EM brucechan2003@126.com RI Cheng, Jie/G-2039-2011; liang, shunlin/C-2809-2015; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Sciences [270401GK]; National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration [NA07NES4400001]; National High Technology Research and Development Program of China [2009AA122100]; National Basic Research Program of China [2007CB714400, 2007CB714407]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40901167] FX This work was supported in part by the Special Fund for Young Talents of the State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Sciences under Grant 270401GK, the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration under Grant NA07NES4400001, the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China under Grant 2009AA122100, the National Basic Research Program of China under Grants 2007CB714400 and 2007CB714407, and by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 40901167. NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1939-1404 EI 2151-1535 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 3 IS 3 BP 323 EP 336 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2010.2050300 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 667KE UT WOS:000283191200010 ER PT J AU Nan, ZT Wang, SG Liang, X Adams, TE Teng, W Liang, Y AF Nan, Zhuotong Wang, Shugong Liang, Xu Adams, Thomas E. Teng, William Liang, Yao TI Analysis of Spatial Similarities Between NEXRAD and NLDAS Precipitation Data Products SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Data analysis; hydrology; pattern recognition; radar; rain ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; RIVER-BASIN; RAIN-GAUGE; FORECASTS; VERIFICATION; ALGORITHMS; RADAR; TEXAS; TIME AB Precipitation is one of the key inputs for hydrological modeling. Although the Multisensor Precipitation Estimator (MPE) from NEXRAD (Next Generation Radar) and the NLDAS (North American Land Data Assimilation System) precipitation data have been extensively used in various hydrological and climatic studies, there has been no systematic investigation of the spatial similarities and differences between them, based on long-term time series data over a large spatial region. In this study, six years of hourly and daily precipitation time series data from NEXRAD and NLDAS were investigated for their spatial similarities, over a subregion of the Ohio River basin. Three spatial metrics were used: Cohen's Kappa coefficient, Forecast Quality Index (FQI), and displacement-based Forecast Quality Measure (FQM). The three metrics were also applied to the two data products after stratification by season (warm, cold). Results show that significant differences exist between NEXRAD MPE and NLDAS. Analyses and discussions are presented on possible causes of the dissimilarities. In addition, results show that a single metric cannot adequately represent their spatial characteristics. The three metrics are complementary to each other and, when used jointly, can provide a more complete picture of the similarities and differences between the two precipitation products. However, if a single metric is desired, then a more comprehensive one needs to be developed to effectively account for magnitude, distance, shape, and neighborhood effects. C1 [Nan, Zhuotong; Wang, Shugong; Liang, Xu] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Adams, Thomas E.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Ohio River Forecast Ctr, Wilmington, OH 45177 USA. [Teng, William] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Goddard Earth Sci DISC Wyle Informat Syst, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Liang, Yao] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. RP Nan, ZT (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Cold & Arid Reg Environm & Engn Res Inst, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. EM nztong@lzb.ac.cn; shw36@pitt.edu; xuliang@pitt.edu; thomas.adams@noaa.gov; William.L.Teng@nasa.gov; yliang@cs.iupui.edu RI westgis.CAREERI, SCI paper/O-2255-2013 OI westgis.CAREERI, SCI paper/0000-0001-5298-1494 FU NASA [NNA07CN83A] FX This work was supported by NASA under Grant NNA07CN83A. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1939-1404 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 3 IS 3 BP 371 EP 385 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2010.2048418 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 667KE UT WOS:000283191200016 ER PT J AU Restelli, A Bienfang, JC Clark, CW Rech, I Labanca, I Ghioni, M Cova, S AF Restelli, Alessandro Bienfang, Joshua C. Clark, Charles W. Rech, Ivan Labanca, Ivan Ghioni, Massimo Cova, Sergio TI Improved Timing Resolution Single-Photon Detectors in Daytime Free-Space Quantum Key Distribution With 1.25 GHz Transmission Rate SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Free-space optical communication; photon timing; quantum key distribution (QKD); single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) ID PERFORMANCE AB In free-space single-photon quantum key distribution (QKD), the error rate due to daytime background photons can be reduced with strong temporal filtering. In this case, the improvement in performance is determined by the receiver's ability to resolve signal-photon arrival times. We use fast clock recovery and commercially available single-photon detectors with timing resolution enhanced by additional electronic circuitry to implement temporal gating down to 50 ps in a free-space QKD system. The single-photon channel operates at 850 nm, and the improved timing resolution enables transmission rates of 1.25 GHz. We observe daytime quantum bit error rates of 0.04, which is less than one-third of the ungated error rate. We present the design and performance of the system and demonstrate its benefit to free-space QKD. C1 [Restelli, Alessandro; Bienfang, Joshua C.; Clark, Charles W.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Restelli, Alessandro; Bienfang, Joshua C.; Clark, Charles W.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Clark, Charles W.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Rech, Ivan; Labanca, Ivan; Ghioni, Massimo; Cova, Sergio] Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Elettron & Informaz, I-20 Milan, Italy. [Rech, Ivan; Labanca, Ivan; Ghioni, Massimo; Cova, Sergio] CNR, Ist Foton & Nanotecnol, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Ghioni, Massimo; Cova, Sergio] Micro Photon Devices, I-39100 Bolzano, Italy. RP Restelli, A (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM alessandro.restelli@nist.gov; bienfang@nist.gov; clark@nist.gov; rech@elet.polimi.it; ghioni@elet.polimi.it RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009; Bienfang, Joshua/A-7285-2010; Restelli, Alessandro/A-4897-2009; OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885; Restelli, Alessandro/0000-0002-1289-3171; Rech, Ivan/0000-0002-1430-1010 FU U.S. Department of Commerce; National Institute of Standards and Technology; EC [248095, FP7-ICT-2009-4] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology and in part by EC Grant Agreement 248095 (Q-ESSENCE) FP7-ICT-2009-4. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1077-260X EI 1558-4542 J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 16 IS 5 BP 1084 EP 1090 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2010.2040710 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 669SZ UT WOS:000283371800005 ER PT J AU Chillarege, R Voas, J AF Chillarege, Ram Voas, Jeffrey TI Reliability of Embedded and Cyber-Physical Systems Introduction SO IEEE SECURITY & PRIVACY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Voas, Jeffrey] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Voas, Jeffrey] US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. EM info@chillarege.com; j.voas@ieee.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 14 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1540-7993 J9 IEEE SECUR PRIV JI IEEE Secur. Priv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 8 IS 5 BP 12 EP 13 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 668MA UT WOS:000283272900003 ER PT J AU Silva, TJ Keller, MW AF Silva, T. J. Keller, Mark W. TI Theory of Thermally Induced Phase Noise in Spin Torque Oscillators for a High-Symmetry Case SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE Langevin equations; macrospin; spin torque; spin torque oscillator; Ornstein-Uhlenbeck; Wiener-Levy; phase noise ID MAGNETIC MULTILAYERS; POLARIZED CURRENT; FIELD-DEPENDENCE; BROWNIAN-MOTION; WHITE-NOISE; DRIVEN; FLUCTUATIONS; EXCITATION; EQUATIONS; DEVICES AB We derive equations for the phase noise spectrum of a spin torque oscillator in the macrospin approximation for the highly symmetric geometry where the equilibrium magnetization, applied field, anisotropy, and spin accumulation are all collinear. This particular problem is one that can be solved by analytical methods, but nevertheless illustrates several important general principles for phase noise in spin torque oscillators. In the limit, where the restoring torque is linearly proportional to the deviation of the precession amplitude from steady-state, the problem reduces to a sum of the Wiener-Levy (W-L) and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (O-U) processes familiar from the physics of random walks and Brownian motion. For typical device parameters, the O-U process dominates the phase noise and results in a phase noise spectrum that is nontrivial, with 1/omega(2) dependence at low Fourier frequencies, and 1/omega(4) dependence at high Fourier frequencies. The contribution to oscillator linewidth due to the O-U process in the low temperature limit is independent of magnetic anisotropy field H-k and scales inversely with the damping parameter, whereas in the high temperature limit the oscillator linewidth is independent of the damping parameter and scales as root vertical bar H-k vertical bar Numerical integration of the fully nonlinear stochastic differential equations is used to determine the temperature and precession amplitude ranges over which our equations for phase noise and linewidth are valid. We then expand the theory to include effects of spin torque asymmetry. Given the lack of experimental data for nanopillars in the geometry considered here, we make a rough extrapolation to the case of nanocontacts, with reasonable agreement with published data. The theory does not yield any obvious means to reduce phase noise to levels required for practical applications in the geometry considered here. C1 [Silva, T. J.; Keller, Mark W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Silva, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM silva@boulder.nist.gov RI Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013 OI Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642 NR 69 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9464 EI 1941-0069 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 46 IS 9 BP 3555 EP 3573 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2010.2044583 PG 19 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 666SV UT WOS:000283140900001 ER PT J AU Taylor, JA Howe, DA AF Taylor, Jennifer A. . Howe, David A. . TI Fast TheoBR: A Method for Long Data Set Stability Analysis SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article AB TheoBR is a high-confidence statistic that evaluates frequency stability at long tau values. However, for real-world data sets that contain thousands of points or more, the calculation of TheoBR can take hours, days, or even weeks on a typical PC. To make the calculation of TheoBR faster for these data sets, a method of averaging points together within the data set is developed. The error introduced by this technique is analyzed and compared with the exact value, and a correction formula is developed to minimize this error for FM noise types. Finally, the technique is applied to real data sets and determines stability at the longest tau values in seconds as opposed to weeks. C1 [Taylor, Jennifer A. .; Howe, David A. .] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO USA. RP Taylor, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO USA. EM megccja@boulder.nist.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD SEP PY 2010 VL 57 IS 9 BP 2091 EP 2094 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2010.1656 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 669OI UT WOS:000283359700020 PM 20875997 ER PT J AU Prasad, K Pitts, W Yang, JA AF Prasad, Kuldeep Pitts, William Yang, Jiann TI Effect of wind and buoyancy on hydrogen release and dispersion in a compartment with vents at multiple levels SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen dispersion; Analytical model; Neural plane analysis ID NATURAL VENTILATION; LEAKAGE AB The natural and forced mixing and dispersion of hydrogen released in an accidental manner in a partially enclosed compartment with vents at multiple heights is investigated using theoretical tools. The key to the analysis is determination of the position of the neutral buoyancy plane, where the pressure in the compartment is equal to that of the exterior. Air flows in through vents below the position of neutral buoyancy and exits from vents above it. CFD simulations are conducted to confirm the physical phenomena and to compare with the analytical results. The analytical model is useful in understanding the important physical processes involved during hydrogen release and dispersion in a compartment with vents at multiple levels, with and without a steady wind. Parametric studies are conducted to identify the relative importance of various parameters. Model results indicate that the steady-state hydrogen volume fraction in the compartment is lower when the hydrogen release rate is smaller and the vent cross-sectional area is larger. Results also indicate that the fastest way to reduce flammable levels of hydrogen concentration in a compartment can be accomplished by blowing through the vents. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Professor T. Nejat Veziroglu. C1 [Prasad, Kuldeep; Pitts, William; Yang, Jiann] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Prasad, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kuldeep.prasad@nist.gov NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD SEP PY 2010 VL 35 IS 17 SI SI BP 9218 EP 9231 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.06.001 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 655ID UT WOS:000282241900045 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, SS Niemann, MU Hattrick-Simpers, JR McGrath, K Sharma, PC Goswami, DY Stefanakos, EK AF Srinivasan, Sesha S. Niemann, Michael U. Hattrick-Simpers, Jason R. McGrath, Kimberly Sharma, Prakash C. Goswami, D. Yogi Stefanakos, Elias K. TI Effects of nano additives on hydrogen storage behavior of the multinary complex hydride LiBH4/LiNH2/MgH2 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Complex hydrides; Mechano-chemical process; Hydrogen storage; Nano additives ID THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; MAGNESIUM AB Multinary complex hydrides comprised of borohydrides, amides and metal hydrides have been synthesized using the solid state mechano-chemical process. After the optimization of the system, it was found that LiBH4/LiNH2/MgH2 exhibits potential reversible hydrogen storage behavior (>6 wt.%) at temperatures of 125-175 degrees C. To further improve the hydrogen performance of the system, various nano additives namely, nickel, cobalt, iron, copper, and manganese were investigated. It was observed that some of these additives (Co, Ni) lowered the hydrogen release temperature at least 75-100 degrees C in the major hydrogen decomposition step. While other additives acted as catalysts and increased the rate at which hydrogen was released. Combinatorial addition of selected materials were also investigated and found to have both a positive effect on kinetics and reduction in hydrogen desorption temperature. (C) 2010 Professor T. Nejat Veziroglu. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Srinivasan, Sesha S.; Sharma, Prakash C.] Tuskegee Univ, CEAPS, Dept Phys, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. [Niemann, Michael U.; Goswami, D. Yogi; Stefanakos, Elias K.] Univ S Florida, Clean Energy Res Ctr, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Hattrick-Simpers, Jason R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20886 USA. [McGrath, Kimberly] QuanturmSphere Inc, Santa Ana, CA 92705 USA. RP Srinivasan, SS (reprint author), Tuskegee Univ, CEAPS, Dept Phys, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. EM sesha.srinivasan@tuskegee.edu FU US Department of Energy (Hydrogen Fuel Initiative) [DE-FG36-04G014224]; QuantumSphere Inc., CA FX The authors wish to acknowledge the US Department of Energy (Hydrogen Fuel Initiative code: DE-FG36-04G014224) and QuantumSphere Inc., CA, for the project funding. Authors, SSS and PCS wish to thank Dr. Luther S. Williams, Dean of Graduate Studies, Tuskegee University, for his encouragement and support in establishing state-of-the-art research facilities at the Physics Department. NR 22 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD SEP PY 2010 VL 35 IS 18 SI SI BP 9646 EP 9652 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.06.061 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 656PA UT WOS:000282347500016 ER PT J AU Pavese, F Fahr, M Hermier, Y Hill, KD Lipinski, L Nakano, T Peruzzi, A Sakurai, H Sparasci, F Steur, PPM Szmyrka-Grzebyk, A Tamura, O Tew, WL Valkiers, S van Geel, J AF Pavese, F. Fahr, M. Hermier, Y. Hill, K. D. Lipinski, L. Nakano, T. Peruzzi, A. Sakurai, H. Sparasci, F. Steur, P. P. M. Szmyrka-Grzebyk, A. Tamura, O. Tew, W. L. Valkiers, S. van Geel, J. TI Further Progress Toward the Determination of T (tp)-x(Ne-22) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st TEMPMEKO and ISHM Joint International Symposium on Temperature, Humidity, Moisture, and Thermal Measurements CY MAY 31-JUN 04, 2010 CL Portoroz, SLOVENIA SP ISHM, Int Measurement Confederat (IMEKO) DE Cryogenic thermometry; Isotopes; ITS-90 fixed points; Neon ID TRIPLE-POINT TEMPERATURE; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; NEON; REALIZATION; NE-20 AB Following the start of exploration of the problem of the effect of neon isotopes on the triple-point temperature in 2005, further progress was achieved in 2006-2008, and published in 2008. This paper summarizes the advances to date in our understanding as obtained from further work done in 2008-2009 on five basic aspects of the problem: new isotopic assays; new thermal measurements on neon of "natural" composition; the feasibility of obtaining a value of the slope dT (tp)/dx(Ne-22) with an accuracy sufficient for the purpose; the possible occurrence of isotopic fractionation during the process of sealing the samples in the cells; and new thermal measurements on the pure isotopes Ne-20 and Ne-22. The recently collected information is sufficient to state that it will eventually be possible to fulfill within 2010 the goal of recommending to the CCT solutions for the correction, with an accuracy fitting the purpose, of the neon isotopic effect on T (tp), to be included in a future revision of the Technical Annexe to the "mise en pratique" of the kelvin. C1 [Pavese, F.; Steur, P. P. M.] Ist Nazl Ric Metrol INRIM, Turin, Italy. [Fahr, M.; Hill, K. D.] Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Hermier, Y.; Sparasci, F.] Lab Natl Metrol & Essays LNE INM, Paris, France. [Lipinski, L.; Szmyrka-Grzebyk, A.] Inst Niskich Temp & Badan Strukturalnych INTiBS, Wroclaw, Poland. [Nakano, T.; Sakurai, H.; Tamura, O.] AIST, Natl Metrol Inst Japan NMIJ, Ibaraki, Japan. [Peruzzi, A.; van Geel, J.] VSL Dutch Metrol Inst VSL, Delft, Netherlands. [Tew, W. L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Valkiers, S.] Inst Reference Mat & Measurements JRC IRMM, Geel, Belgium. RP Pavese, F (reprint author), Ist Nazl Ric Metrol INRIM, Turin, Italy. EM f.pavese@inrim.it RI Fahr, Martin/F-7312-2011; OI Fahr, Martin/0000-0001-6731-2920; Pavese, Franco/0000-0001-9261-6862 NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 31 IS 8-9 SI SI BP 1633 EP 1643 DI 10.1007/s10765-010-0817-6 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 683OV UT WOS:000284486000025 ER PT J AU White, DR Tew, WL AF White, D. R. Tew, W. L. TI Improved Estimates of the Isotopic Correction Constants for the Triple Point of Water SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st TEMPMEKO and ISHM Joint International Symposium on Temperature, Humidity, Moisture, and Thermal Measurements CY MAY 31-JUN 04, 2010 CL Portoroz, SLOVENIA SP ISHM, Int Measurement Confederat (IMEKO) DE Correction; Isotope; Temperature; Triple point; Water ID FREEZING-POINT; FRACTIONATION; MIXTURES; (H2O)-O-16; FUSION; HEAT; ICE; H2O; D2O AB In 2006, the CIPM clarified the definition of the kelvin by specifying the isotopic composition of the water to be used in the realization of the triple point. At the same time, the Consultative Committee for Thermometry gave recommended values for the isotopic correction constants to be used for water departing from the specified composition. However, the uncertainties in the values for the correction constants were undesirably large due to unresolved differences between the data sets from which the values were determined. This paper derives improved values of the constants by considering additional data from isotopic fractionation measurements and the heats of fusion and freezing points of the relevant water isotopologues. Values of the corrections determined from the expanded data are A (D) = 671(10) mu K, A (18O) = 603(3) mu K, and A (17O) = 60(1) mu K. A typical correction made with these values lies just within the expanded uncertainty (k = 2) of the corrections made with the older values, but has about half the uncertainty. C1 [White, D. R.] Measurement Stand Lab New Zealand, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand. [Tew, W. L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP White, DR (reprint author), Measurement Stand Lab New Zealand, POB 31310, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand. EM r.white@irl.cri.nz NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 31 IS 8-9 SI SI BP 1644 EP 1653 DI 10.1007/s10765-010-0819-4 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 683OV UT WOS:000284486000026 ER PT J AU Tew, WL Benz, SP Dresselhaus, PD Coakley, KJ Rogalla, H White, DR Labenski, JR AF Tew, W. L. Benz, S. P. Dresselhaus, P. D. Coakley, K. J. Rogalla, H. White, D. R. Labenski, J. R. TI Progress in Noise Thermometry at 505 K and 693 K Using Quantized Voltage Noise Ratio Spectra SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st TEMPMEKO and ISHM Joint International Symposium on Temperature, Humidity, Moisture, and Thermal Measurements CY MAY 31-JUN 04, 2010 CL Portoroz, SLOVENIA SP ISHM, Int Measurement Confederat (IMEKO) DE ITS-90; Johnson noise thermometry; Synthesized noise; Temperature; Zinc freezing point ID ZINC FREEZING-POINT AB Technical advances and new results in noise thermometry at temperatures near the tin freezing point and the zinc freezing point using a quantized voltage noise source (QVNS) are reported. The temperatures are derived by comparing the power spectral density of QVNS synthesized noise with that of Johnson noise from a known resistance at both 505 K and 693 K. Reference noise is digitally synthesized so that the average power spectra of the QVNS match those of the thermal noise, resulting in ratios of power spectra close to unity in the low-frequency limit. Three-parameter models are used to account for differences in impedance-related time constants in the spectra. Direct comparison of noise temperatures to the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) is achieved in a comparison furnace with standard platinum resistance thermometers. The observed noise temperatures determined by operating the noise thermometer in both absolute and relative modes, and related statistics together with estimated uncertainties are reported. The relative noise thermometry results are combined with results from other thermodynamic determinations at temperatures near the tin freezing point to calculate a value of T - T (90) = +4(18) mK for temperatures near the zinc freezing point. These latest results achieve a lower uncertainty than that of our earlier efforts. The present value of T - T (90) is compared to other published determinations from noise thermometry and other methods. C1 [Tew, W. L.] NIST, Proc Measurements Div 836, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Benz, S. P.; Dresselhaus, P. D.] NIST, Quantum Elect Metrol Div 817, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Coakley, K. J.] NIST, Stat Engn Div 898, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Rogalla, H.] Univ Twente, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. [White, D. R.] Measurement Stand Lab New Zealand, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand. [Labenski, J. R.] BAE Syst, Arlington, VA USA. RP Tew, WL (reprint author), NIST, Proc Measurements Div 836, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wtew@nist.gov NR 19 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 31 IS 8-9 SI SI BP 1719 EP 1738 DI 10.1007/s10765-010-0830-9 PG 20 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 683OV UT WOS:000284486000034 ER PT J AU White, DR Ballico, M del Campo, D Duris, S Filipe, E Ivanova, A Dogan, AK Mendez-Lango, E Meyer, C Pavese, F Peruzzi, A Renaot, E Rudtsch, S Wang, T Yamazawa, K AF White, D. R. Ballico, M. del Campo, D. Duris, S. Filipe, E. Ivanova, A. Dogan, A. Kartal Mendez-Lango, E. Meyer, C. Pavese, F. Peruzzi, A. Renaot, E. Rudtsch, S. Wang, T. Yamazawa, K. TI Uncertainties in the SPRT Subranges of ITS-90: Topics for Further Research SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st TEMPMEKO and ISHM Joint International Symposium on Temperature, Humidity, Moisture, and Thermal Measurements CY MAY 31-JUN 04, 2010 CL Portoroz, SLOVENIA SP ISHM, Int Measurement Confederat (IMEKO) DE Fixed points; Impurity; Standard platinum resistance thermometer; Uncertainty ID PLATINUM RESISTANCE THERMOMETERS; NONLINEAR INSULATION RESISTANCE; TRIPLE-POINT TEMPERATURE; SCHOTTKY-DIODE MODEL; FIXED-POINTS; WATER CELLS; REALIZATION; IMPURITIES; GALLIUM; MERCURY AB The CCT has completed the guide summarizing the uncertainties in the realization of the SPRT subranges of ITS-90 between the triple point of neon (24.5561 K) and the freezing point of silver (961.78 A degrees C). This article identifies aspects of standard platinum resistance thermometry where either data or models are lacking and further research is required. In the calibration of SPRTs, the two main concerns are the need for data on liquidus slopes for the different impurities in the fixed points and improved understanding of the impact of the thermal environment of the fixed point on the realized temperature. In the use of SPRTs, the two largest sources of uncertainty are Types 1 and 3 non-uniqueness and oxidation. The causes of Type 3 non-uniqueness are not yet understood, especially at low temperatures, and there is a paucity of data for the high-temperature subranges. In respect of oxidation, there is a need for validation of the models developed in the 1980s, especially in light of the reduced partial pressure of oxygen used in modern SPRTs. A range of other effects including vacancy effects in SPRTs, isotopic effects in fixed points, and improved statistical methods are discussed. C1 [White, D. R.] Measurement Stand Lab New Zealand MSL, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. [Ballico, M.] Natl Measurement Inst Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [del Campo, D.] CEM, Madrid, Spain. [Duris, S.] Slovak Inst Metrol SMU, Bratislava, Slovakia. [Filipe, E.] IPQ, Monte De Caparica, Portugal. [Ivanova, A.] DI Mendeleyev Sci & Res Inst Metrol VNIIM, St Petersburg, Russia. [Dogan, A. Kartal] TUBITAK Ulusal Metrol Enstitusu UME, Gebze, Turkey. [Mendez-Lango, E.] Ctr Nacl Metrol, Queretaro, Mexico. [Meyer, C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pavese, F.] Ist Nazl Ric Metrol, Turin, Italy. [Peruzzi, A.] VSL Dutch Metrol Inst VSL, Delft, Netherlands. [Renaot, E.] Lab Commun Metrol LNE CNAM LNE INM, Paris, France. [Rudtsch, S.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany. [Wang, T.] Natl Inst Metrol, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Yamazawa, K.] AIST, Natl Metrol Inst Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP White, DR (reprint author), Measurement Stand Lab New Zealand MSL, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. EM r.white@irl.cri.nz OI Pavese, Franco/0000-0001-9261-6862 NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 31 IS 8-9 SI SI BP 1749 EP 1761 DI 10.1007/s10765-010-0832-7 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 683OV UT WOS:000284486000036 ER PT J AU Machin, G Bloembergen, P Anhalt, K Hartmann, J Sadli, M Saunders, P Woolliams, E Yamada, Y Yoon, H AF Machin, G. Bloembergen, P. Anhalt, K. Hartmann, J. Sadli, M. Saunders, P. Woolliams, E. Yamada, Y. Yoon, H. TI Practical Implementation of the Mise en Pratique for the Definition of the Kelvin Above the Silver Point SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st TEMPMEKO and ISHM Joint International Symposium on Temperature, Humidity, Moisture, and Thermal Measurements CY MAY 31-JUN 04, 2010 CL Portoroz, SLOVENIA SP ISHM, Int Measurement Confederat (IMEKO) DE Mise en pratique for the definition of the kelvin; MeP-K; High temperatures; Radiometry; Radiation thermometry; Primary thermometry methods ID TEMPERATURE FIXED-POINTS; THERMOMETRY AB The "Mise en pratique for the definition of the kelvin" (MeP-K) was established in April 2006 to be the repository of information required to perform a "practical measurement of temperature in accordance with the International System of Units (SI)." This article describes the progress made by the MeP-K HT (High Temperature Task Group) of CCT-WG5 (radiation thermometry) in drawing together the appropriate methods for accessing thermodynamic temperature above the silver point involving direct radiometric measurements on the one hand and indirect extrapolation, interpolation, and least-squares fitting on the other. An examination of the uncertainties and a brief discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of the various approaches are given. A summary of the remaining issues to be resolved concludes the article. C1 [Machin, G.; Woolliams, E.] Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Bloembergen, P.] Natl Inst Metrol NIM, Beijing 100013, Peoples R China. [Anhalt, K.; Hartmann, J.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. [Sadli, M.] Lab Commun Metrol LNE Cnam, F-93210 Paris, France. [Saunders, P.] Ind Res Ltd, Measurement Stand Lab New Zealand, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. [Yamada, Y.] AIST, Natl Metrol Inst Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058563, Japan. [Yoon, H.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Machin, G (reprint author), Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. EM graham.machin@npl.co.uk RI Hartmann, Jurgen/C-3543-2015; Woolliams, Emma/A-2404-2014 OI Hartmann, Jurgen/0000-0002-9645-5434; Sadli, Mohamed/0000-0001-8792-4115; Woolliams, Emma/0000-0003-3517-1486 NR 24 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 31 IS 8-9 SI SI BP 1779 EP 1788 DI 10.1007/s10765-010-0834-5 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 683OV UT WOS:000284486000039 ER PT J AU Ripple, DC Davis, R Fellmuth, B Fischer, J Machin, G Quinn, T Steur, P Tamura, O White, DR AF Ripple, D. C. Davis, R. Fellmuth, B. Fischer, J. Machin, G. Quinn, T. Steur, P. Tamura, O. White, D. R. TI The Roles of the Mise en Pratique for the Definition of the Kelvin SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st TEMPMEKO and ISHM Joint International Symposium on Temperature, Humidity, Moisture, and Thermal Measurements CY MAY 31-JUN 04, 2010 CL Portoroz, SLOVENIA SP ISHM, Int Measurement Confederat (IMEKO) DE International System of Units; Kelvin; Mise en Pratique; SI; Temperature; Temperature scale; Thermodynamic temperature ID THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; ACOUSTIC THERMOMETRY; BOLTZMANN CONSTANT; NOISE THERMOMETER; TEMPERATURE; HELIUM; GAS AB The mise en pratique ("practical realization") for the definition of the kelvin (MeP-K) was created by the Consultative Committee for Thermometry (CCT) in 2006 to give practitioners of thermometry a guide to the realization of the kelvin, i.e., measurement of temperature in kelvins, in accord with the International System of Units. In this article, the present and the future content of the MeP-K, the relationship of the MeP-K to other documents relevant to thermometry, the categorization of thermometry techniques in the MeP-K, and the benefits of proposed additions to the 2006 version of the MeP-K are discussed. The three categories of measurements within the MeP-K are: (1) primary methods for measuring thermodynamic temperature T; (2) formal approximations to T, in particular, the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) and the Provisional Low Temperature Scale from 0.9 mK to 1 K (PLTS-2000); and (3) indirect approximation methods that are neither primary nor defined on a temperature scale, yet capable of exceptionally low uncertainties or increased reliability. By providing a framework for primary methods and indirect methods, the MeP-K will foster development and application of new methods, such as the use of absolute radiometry or high-temperature fixed points. The MeP-K provides the CCT with a mechanism to update and to expand the thermometric methods in common use, without imposing on industry the high costs of changing the International Temperature Scale. C1 [Fellmuth, B.; Fischer, J.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany. [Ripple, D. C.] NIST, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Davis, R.; Quinn, T.] BIPM, Sevres, France. [Machin, G.] Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Steur, P.] Ist Nazl Ric Metrol, Turin, Italy. [Tamura, O.] AIST, Natl Metrol Inst Japan, Ibaraki, Japan. [White, D. R.] Measurement Stand Lab New Zealand, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. RP Fellmuth, B (reprint author), Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany. EM Bernd.Fellmuth@ptb.de NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 31 IS 8-9 SI SI BP 1795 EP 1808 DI 10.1007/s10765-010-0837-2 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 683OV UT WOS:000284486000041 ER PT J AU Miller, KW Voas, J AF Miller, Keith W. Voas, Jeffrey TI Ethics and the Cloud SO IT PROFESSIONAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Miller, Keith W.] Univ Illinois, Springfield, IL 62703 USA. [Voas, Jeffrey] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Miller, KW (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Springfield, IL 62703 USA. EM miller.keith@uis.edu; j.voas@ieee.org NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1520-9202 J9 IT PROF JI IT Prof. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 12 IS 5 BP 4 EP 5 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA V23GB UT WOS:000208330200001 ER PT J AU Davidson, RS Letcher, BH Nislow, KH AF Davidson, R. Scott Letcher, Benjamin H. Nislow, Keith H. TI Drivers of growth variation in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): an elasticity analysis approach SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE body growth; density dependence; discharge; environmental variation; global climate change; temperature ID LIFE-HISTORY VARIATION; BROWN TROUT; POPULATION RESPONSES; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; INDIVIDUAL GROWTH; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; SEASONAL GROWTH; PARR; STREAM; SURVIVAL AB 1. Estimating the relative importance of factors affecting key vital rates is an essential challenge for population ecology. In spite of a large literature on individual growth rates of north temperate-zone fishes, relative effect sizes for the wide range of abiotic and biotic factors affecting fish growth are not well characterized, strongly limiting our ability to predict the effects of environmental change on fish populations. 2. We applied generalized linear mixed models to data from a long-term (nine cohorts over 10 years) individual-based (7685 records from 4203 individuals) study of stream-dwelling juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to estimate the relative importance and interactive effects of stream discharge, water temperature and population density on season-specific growth rates. The model explained a large proportion (r2 = 0 center dot 95) of observed variation in growth. 3. Elasticity analysis was used to estimate the relative importance of model variables on growth in length for Atlantic salmon between age 0+ autumn and the end of age 1+ winter. Effects of population density were substantially weaker than effects of discharge and temperature across all seasons. Opposing among-season temperature effects reduced the overall importance of temperature on growth in contrast to discharge, where effects were generally positive among seasons. Consistent among-season effects and a greater range of observed variation combined to increase the effect of discharge on growth compared to temperature. 4. These results suggest that robust predictions of body growth in north temperate stream fishes will need to include season-specific estimates of variation in both abiotic (temperature and discharge) and biotic (density) factors, but that variation in discharge will dominate growth responses. C1 [Davidson, R. Scott] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Davidson, R. Scott; Letcher, Benjamin H.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Nislow, Keith H.] Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Davidson, RS (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM rsdavids@ucsc.edu FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; US Forest Service Northern Research Station; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation FX The US Fish and Wildlife Service and US Forest Service Northern Research Station provided financial support. Cailin Xu and Ted Castor-Santos, Andres Lopez-Sepulcre and an anonymous reviewers provided useful comments on manuscript drafts. We thank Matthew O'Donnell, Todd Dubreuil, Gabe Gries and numerous field assistants for help collecting data. Data on the number of shelters present were collected by Anders Finstad. R.S.D. was supported by the Maine Atlantic Salmon Conservation Fund - National Fish and Wildlife Foundation. NR 50 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8790 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 79 IS 5 BP 1113 EP 1121 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2010.01708.x PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 635QK UT WOS:000280671000020 PM 20487089 ER PT J AU Moon, KW Kim, SK Williams, ME Boettinger, WJ Stafford, GR AF Moon, K-W. Kim, S-K. Williams, M. E. Boettinger, W. J. Stafford, G. R. TI Effect of current density and electrolyte concentration on hillock growth from pure bright Sn electrodeposits SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Hillocks; Sn whiskers; Pb-free solder; Electrodeposition; Texture; Preferred orientation; Stress ID DEFORMATION PROCESSES; TIN WHISKERS; THIN-FILMS; CU; MECHANISM; STRESSES AB The effect of current density and Sn methane sulfonate concentration on hillock density, columnar grain size, crystallographic texture, and residual stress of bright Sn electrodeposits is measured. Correlation was found between hillock density and the ratio of the applied current density to the transport limited current density. When the ratio exceeds unity no hillocks are observed. As the transport limited current is approached and exceeded, the columnar grain size decreases from 1.4 to 0.7 mu m and the preferred orientation (fiber texture) rotates toward the [001] direction. Possible explanations are presented for how these factors reduce hillock growth. Because hillock and whisker growth are related phenomena, electrodeposition beyond the limiting current may be a possible whisker mitigation strategy. C1 [Moon, K-W.; Williams, M. E.; Boettinger, W. J.; Stafford, G. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kim, S-K.] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Fuel Cell Res Ctr, Seoul 136791, South Korea. RP Boettinger, WJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM william.boettinger@nist.gov RI Kim, Soo-Kil/E-1295-2011 NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-891X J9 J APPL ELECTROCHEM JI J. Appl. Electrochem. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 40 IS 9 BP 1671 EP 1681 DI 10.1007/s10800-010-0163-1 PG 11 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 634QA UT WOS:000280596800012 ER PT J AU Pavolonis, MJ AF Pavolonis, Michael J. TI Advances in Extracting Cloud Composition Information from Spaceborne Infrared Radiances-A Robust Alternative to Brightness Temperatures. Part I: Theory SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALGORITHM DESCRIPTION; EFFECTIVE EMISSIVITY; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; CIRRUS CLOUDS; VOLCANIC ASH; AVHRR; SCATTERING; IMAGERY; RETRIEVALS AB Infrared measurements can be used to obtain quantitative information on cloud microphysics, including cloud composition (ice, liquid water, ash, dust, etc.), with the advantage that the measurements are independent of solar zenith angle. As such, infrared brightness temperatures (BT) and brightness temperature differences (BTD) have been used extensively in quantitative remote sensing applications for inferring cloud composition. In this study it is shown that BTDs are fundamentally limited and that a more physically based infrared approach can lead to significant increases in sensitivity to cloud microphysics, especially for optically thin clouds. In lieu of BTDs, a derived radiative parameter beta, which is directly related to particle size, habit, and composition, is used. Although the concept of effective absorption optical depth ratios beta has been around since the mid-1980s, this is the first study to explore the use of beta for inferring cloud composition in the total absence of cloud vertical boundary information. The results showed that, even in the absence of cloud vertical boundary information, one could significantly increase the sensitivity to cloud microphysics by converting the measured radiances to effective emissivity and constructing effective absorption optical depth ratios from a pair of spectral emissivities in the 8-12-mu m "window." This increase in sensitivity to cloud microphysics is relative to BTDs constructed from the same spectral pairs. In this article, the focus is on describing the physical concepts (which can be applied to narrowband or hyperspectral infrared measurements) used in constructing the beta data space. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Pavolonis, MJ (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM mike.pavolonis@noaa.gov RI Pavolonis, Mike/F-5618-2010 OI Pavolonis, Mike/0000-0001-5822-219X NR 40 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 49 IS 9 BP 1992 EP 2012 DI 10.1175/2010JAMC2433.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 655LI UT WOS:000282251100015 ER PT J AU Dhar, S Haney, S Cheng, L Ryu, SR Agarwal, AK Yu, LC Cheung, KP AF Dhar, S. Haney, S. Cheng, L. Ryu, S. -R. Agarwal, A. K. Yu, L. C. Cheung, K. P. TI Inversion layer carrier concentration and mobility in 4H-SiC metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; SIC/SIO2 INTERFACE; MOSFETS; OXIDATION; DEVICES; MODEL; TRAP; 4H AB Free electron concentration and carrier mobility measurements on 4H-SiC metal-oxide-semiconductor inversion layers are reported in this article. The key finding is that in state-of-the-art nitrided gate oxides, loss of carriers by trapping no longer plays a significant role in the current degradation under heavy inversion conditions. Rather, it is the low carrier mobility (maximum similar to 60 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1)) that limits the channel current. The measured free carrier concentration is modeled using the charge-sheet model and the mobility is modeled by existing mobility models. Possible mobility mechanisms have been discussed based on the modeling results. (c) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3484043] C1 [Dhar, S.; Haney, S.; Cheng, L.; Ryu, S. -R.; Agarwal, A. K.] Cree Inc, Power Elect R&D, Durham, NC 27703 USA. [Yu, L. C.; Cheung, K. P.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dhar, S (reprint author), Cree Inc, Power Elect R&D, Durham, NC 27703 USA. EM sarit_dhar@cree.com FU U.S. Army Research Laboratory FX The authors would like to thank C. Scozzie, B. Geil, and A. Lelis at U.S. Army Research Laboratory for supporting this work. NR 32 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2010 VL 108 IS 5 AR 054509 DI 10.1063/1.3484043 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 658GQ UT WOS:000282478900108 ER PT J AU Kimball, SK Mulekar, MS Cummings, S Stamates, J AF Kimball, Sytske K. Mulekar, Madhuri S. Cummings, Shailer Stamates, Jack TI The University of South Alabama Mesonet and Coastal Observing System: A Technical and Statistical Overview SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OKLAHOMA MESONET AB The University of South Alabama Mesonet consists of 26 sites across the north-central Gulf of Mexico coast. Although the original purpose of the mesonet was monitoring landfalling tropical systems, meteorological data are collected and disseminated every 5 min year-round to serve a multitude of purposes, including weather forecasting, education, and research. In this paper a statistical analysis and like-sensor comparison demonstrates that variables, measured by different sensor types or by sensors at different heights, correlate well. The benefits of sensor redundancy are twofold, offering 1) backup sensors in the case of sensor failure during severe weather and 2) the ability to perform a large number of internal consistency checks for quality control purposes. An oceanographic compliment to the University of South Alabama Mesonet system, which was deployed by NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) to measure surface waves and ocean currents in an area south of Mobile, Alabama, is described. A preliminary comparison of mesonet wind data and ocean wave data show good agreement, offering promising opportunities for future research. C1 [Kimball, Sytske K.] Univ S Alabama, Dept Earth Sci, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. [Mulekar, Madhuri S.] Univ S Alabama, Dept Math & Stat, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. [Cummings, Shailer; Stamates, Jack] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Kimball, SK (reprint author), Univ S Alabama, Dept Earth Sci, LSCB 136, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. EM skimball@usouthal.edu RI Stamates, Jack/C-3597-2014 OI Stamates, Jack/0000-0001-6771-1550 FU NOAA [NA07NWS4680011]; NSF [ATM-0239492NSF] FX This project is supported by NOAA Award NA07NWS4680011 and in part by NSF Award ATM-0239492NSF. The authors thank David Brown, Sean Huber, Ivory Reinert, and Russell White for their dedicated and professional service in maintaining and operating the University of South Alabama Mesonet. This project would not have been possible without our numerous site hosts graciously offering a safe location for our weather stations with free access to their property and the Internet. Finally, we extend our gratitude to three anonymous reviewers whose insightful and constructive comments significantly improved the quality of this document. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 27 IS 9 BP 1417 EP 1439 DI 10.1175/2010JTECHA1376.1 PG 23 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 652WS UT WOS:000282042200001 ER PT J AU Hadley, TL Grizzle, J Rotstein, DS Perrin, S Gerhardt, LE Beam, JD Saxton, AM Jones, MP Daniel, GB AF Hadley, Tarah L. Grizzle, Judith Rotstein, David S. Perrin, Shannon Gerhardt, Lillian E. Beam, James D. Saxton, Arnold M. Jones, Michael P. Daniel, Gregory B. TI Determination of an Oral Aflatoxin Dose That Acutely Impairs Hepatic Function in Domestic Pigeons (Columba livia) SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN MEDICINE AND SURGERY LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin B(1); mycotoxin; scintigraphy; 99mTc-mebrofenin; liver; bile acids; avian; pigeon; Columba livia ID TIME-ACTIVITY CURVES; BROILER CHICKS; DIETARY AFLATOXIN; TURKEY POULTS; B-1; PERFORMANCE; RESIDUES; EXPOSURE; DISEASE; DOGS AB Aflatoxin B(1) is a common hepatotoxin in birds. The goal of this study was to establish an acute model for hepatotoxicosis and decreased hepatic function in the white Carneaux pigeon (Columba livia) via oral administration of this mycotoxin. Aflatoxin B(1) was orally administered at a dose of 3 mg/kg dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide to 3 groups of pigeons every 24 hours for 2, 4, and 6 consecutive days, respectively. Diagnostic modalities used to evaluate hepatic damage and impaired hepatic function pre- and postaflatoxin administration included liver enzyme activity, bile acid levels, scintigraphy, and histopathologic evaluation of liver biopsy specimens. Deaths occurred in all groups, increasing with the number of consecutive days the aflatoxin B(1) was dosed. Significant histopathologic lesions were seen on evaluation of hepatic tissue from each group after accumulated aflatoxin exposure (P < .05); therefore, an oral aflatoxin B(1) dose of 3 mg/kg given for 2 consecutive days was selected for the purpose of inducing acute hepatic damage while minimizing mortality. However, although increased liver enzyme activity indicated hepatocellular damage at this dosage, bile acids testing and hepatobiliary scintigraphy did not show significantly decreased hepatic function. C1 [Hadley, Tarah L.; Gerhardt, Lillian E.; Beam, James D.; Jones, Michael P.; Daniel, Gregory B.] Univ Tennessee, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Grizzle, Judith; Perrin, Shannon; Saxton, Arnold M.] Univ Tennessee, Coll Vet Med, Dept Anim Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Rotstein, David S.] Univ Tennessee, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Daniel, Gregory B.] Virginia Tech, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Perrin, Shannon] Univ Tennessee Extens, Maynardville, TN 37807 USA. [Rotstein, David S.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, US Dept Commerce, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Hadley, TL (reprint author), Atlanta Hosp Birds & Exot, 2274 Salem Rd,106-149, Conyers, GA 30013 USA. RI Daniel, Gregory/I-1597-2016 OI Daniel, Gregory/0000-0002-7313-7425 FU Morris Animal Foundation FX We thank the Morris Animal Foundation for financial support of this research. We also thank Roger Long of the East Tennessee Research and Education Center for his expertise in construction of the transparent acrylic boxes used in the study. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASSOC AVIAN VETERINARIANS PI BOCA RATON PA PO BOX 811720, BOCA RATON, FL 33481 USA SN 1082-6742 J9 J AVIAN MED SURG JI J. Avian Med. Surg. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 24 IS 3 BP 210 EP 221 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 665AL UT WOS:000283006000006 PM 21046941 ER PT J AU Rasulov, SM Abdulagatov, IM AF Rasulov, Suleiman M. Abdulagatov, Ilmutdin M. TI PVTx Measurements of Water-n-Pentane Mixtures in Critical and Supercritical Regions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID ISOCHORIC HEAT-CAPACITY; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; HIGH-PRESSURES; CRITICAL-POINT; LIQUID-LIQUID; BINARY-SYSTEM; TEMPERATURES; VAPOR; NONELECTROLYTES; METHANOL AB The PVTx properties of H(2)O + n-C(5)H(12) mixtures have been measured in the near- and supercritical regions. Measurements were made along 66 liquid and vapor isochores in the density range from (63 to 713) kg center dot m(-3), at temperatures from (303 to 684) K, and at pressures up to 63 MPa. Measurements were made for eight concentrations between 0.0270 and 0.8898 mole fractions of n-C(5)H(12). The temperatures and pressures at the three-phase (liquid liquid gas) and two-phase (liquid gas) boundary curves for the H(2)O n-C(5)H(12) mixtures were obtained using the isochoric (P T) break point technique. The expanded uncertainty of the density, pressure, and temperature measurements at the 95 % confidence level with a coverage factor of k = 2 is estimated to be 0.12 % (at high densities) to 0.15 % (at low densities), (0.0005 to 0.03) MPa, and 15 mK, respectively. The critical property (P(C,)T(C)) data of the upper and lower branches of the critical curves were extracted from the derived phase-boundary data. The measured three-phase data were used to estimate the value of the upper critical end point. The value of the Krichevskii parameter was calculated from the direct measured PVTx and the derived critical property data. C1 [Abdulagatov, Ilmutdin M.] Russian Acad Sci, Geothermal Res Inst, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Makhachkala 367030, Dagestan, Russia. [Rasulov, Suleiman M.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Makhachkala 367005, Dagestan, Russia. RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov NR 48 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD SEP PY 2010 VL 55 IS 9 BP 3247 EP 3261 DI 10.1021/je100073y PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 646TX UT WOS:000281567000052 ER PT J AU Kang, JW Diky, V Chirico, RD Magee, JW Muzny, CD Abdulagatov, I Kazakov, AF Frenkel, M AF Kang, Jeong Won Diky, Vladimir Chirico, Robert D. Magee, Joseph W. Muzny, Chris D. Abdulagatov, Ilmutdin Kazakov, Andrei F. Frenkel, Michael TI Quality Assessment Algorithm for Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID THERMODATA ENGINE TDE; THERMODYNAMIC CONSISTENCY; SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION; VIRIAL-COEFFICIENTS; BINARY-MIXTURES; ETHANOL; WATER AB A quality assessment algorithm for vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data has been developed. The proposed algorithm combines four widely used tests of VLE consistency based on the requirements of the Gibbs-Duhem equation, with a check of consistency between the VLE binary data and the pure compound vapor pressures. A VLE data-quality criterion is proposed based on the developed algorithm, and it has been implemented in a software application in support of dynamic data evaluation. VLE predictions (NRTL and UNIFAC) were deployed to detect possible anomalies in the data sets. The proposed algorithm can be applied to VLE data sets with at least three state variables reported (pressure, temperature, plus liquid and/or vapor composition) and is applicable to all nonreacting chemical systems at subcritical conditions. Application of the developed algorithms to identification of erroneous published VLE data sets is demonstrated. C1 [Diky, Vladimir; Chirico, Robert D.; Magee, Joseph W.; Muzny, Chris D.; Abdulagatov, Ilmutdin; Kazakov, Andrei F.; Frenkel, Michael] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kang, Jeong Won] Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. RP Frenkel, M (reprint author), NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM frenkel@boulder.nist.gov RI Magee, Joseph/A-8496-2009; Kang, Jeongwon/F-7010-2013 OI Magee, Joseph/0000-0002-9312-8593; Kang, Jeongwon/0000-0002-5161-1122 NR 37 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD SEP PY 2010 VL 55 IS 9 BP 3631 EP 3640 DI 10.1021/je1002169 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 646TX UT WOS:000281567000115 ER PT J AU Heller, SR AF Heller, Stephen R. TI WordPerfect X5. SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND MODELING LA English DT Software Review C1 NIST, CBRD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Heller, SR (reprint author), NIST, CBRD, 221-A111,100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1549-9596 J9 J CHEM INF MODEL JI J. Chem Inf. Model. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 50 IS 9 BP 1757 EP 1757 DI 10.1021/ci100291b PG 1 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Computer Science GA 653JT UT WOS:000282087300023 ER PT J AU Johnson, RD Irikura, KK Kacker, RN Kessel, R AF Johnson, Russell D., III Irikura, Karl K. Kacker, Raghu N. Kessel, Ruediger TI Scaling Factors and Uncertainties for ab Initio Anharmonic Vibrational Frequencies SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THEORY AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article ID LARGE MOLECULES; ENERGIES; APPROXIMATION; MP2 AB To predict the vibrational spectra of molecules, ab initio calculations are often used to compute harmonic frequencies, which are usually scaled by empirical factors as an approximate correction for errors in the force constants and for anharmonic effects. Anharmonic computations of fundamental frequencies are becoming increasingly popular. We report scaling factors, along with their associated uncertainties, for anharmonic (second-order perturbation theory) predictions from HF, MP2, and B3LYP calculations using the 6-31G(d) and 6-31+G(d,p) basis sets. Different scaling factors are appropriate for low- and high-frequency vibrations. The method of analysis is based upon the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement, published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The data used are from the Computational Chemistry Comparison and Benchmark Database (CCCBDB), maintained by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, which includes more than 3939 independent vibrations for 358 molecules. C1 [Johnson, Russell D., III; Irikura, Karl K.] NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kacker, Raghu N.; Kessel, Ruediger] NIST, Math Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Johnson, RD (reprint author), NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM russell.johnson@nist.gov RI Irikura, Karl/A-4266-2009 OI Irikura, Karl/0000-0001-7515-6761 NR 23 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1549-9618 J9 J CHEM THEORY COMPUT JI J. Chem. Theory Comput. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 6 IS 9 BP 2822 EP 2828 DI 10.1021/ct100244d PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 648KQ UT WOS:000281693000025 PM 26616083 ER PT J AU Yin, JJ Griffies, SM Stouffer, RJ AF Yin, Jianjun Griffies, Stephen M. Stouffer, Ronald J. TI Spatial Variability of Sea Level Rise in Twenty-First Century Projections SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; OCEAN; SIMULATIONS; FORMULATION; WESTERLIES; SCENARIO; INCREASE; IMPACTS AB A set of state-of-the-science climate models are used to investigate global sea level rise (SLR) patterns induced by ocean dynamics in twenty-first-century climate projections. The identified robust features include bipolar and bihemisphere seesaws in the basin-wide SLR, dipole patterns in the North Atlantic and North Pacific, and a beltlike pattern in the Southern Ocean. The physical and dynamical mechanisms that cause these patterns are investigated in detail using version 2.1 of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) Coupled Model (CM2.1). Under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A1B scenario, the steric sea level changes relative to the global mean (the local part) in different ocean basins are attributed to differential heating and salinity changes of various ocean layers and associated physical processes. As a result of these changes, water tends to move from the ocean interior to continental shelves. In the North Atlantic, sea level rises north of the Gulf Stream but falls to the south. The dipole pattern is induced by a weakening of the meridional overturning circulation. This weakening leads to a local steric SLR east of North America, which drives more waters toward the shelf, directly impacting northeastern North America. An opposite dipole occurs in the North Pacific. The dynamic SLR east of Japan is linked to a strong steric effect in the upper ocean and a poleward expansion of the subtropical gyre. In the Southern Ocean, the beltlike pattern is dominated by the baroclinic process during the twenty-first century, while the barotropic response of sea level to wind stress anomalies is significantly delayed. C1 [Yin, Jianjun] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Griffies, Stephen M.; Stouffer, Ronald J.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Yin, JJ (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM yin@coaps.fsu.edu FU Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER64470] FX We thank A. Gnanadesikan, J. Gregory, A. Fiore, and the anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions. We also thank many others at GFDL who contributed to the model's development and the IPCC runs. We acknowledge the modeling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM), for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP3 multimodel dataset. Support of this dataset is provided by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. JY is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (Grant DE-FG02-07ER64470). NR 54 TC 80 Z9 83 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 23 IS 17 BP 4585 EP 4607 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3533.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 647YB UT WOS:000281655600009 ER PT J AU Higgins, RW Kousky, VE Silva, VBS Becker, E Xie, P AF Higgins, R. W. Kousky, V. E. Silva, V. B. S. Becker, E. Xie, P. TI Intercomparison of Daily Precipitation Statistics over the United States in Observations and in NCEP Reanalysis Products SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE FORECAST SYSTEM; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; ENSO; VARIABILITY; RAINFALL; CYCLE AB A comparison of the statistics of daily precipitation over the conterminous United States is carried out using gridded station data and three generations of reanalysis products in use at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). The reanalysis products are the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis (Kalnay et al.), the NCEP-Department of Energy (DOE) reanalysis (Kanamitsu et al.), and the NCEP Climate Forecast System (CFS) reanalysis (Saha et al.). Several simple measures are used to characterize relationships between the observations and the reanalysis products, including bias, precipitation probability, variance, and correlation. Seasonality is accounted for by examining these measures for four nonoverlapping seasons, using daily data in each case. Relationships between daily precipitation and El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phase are also considered. It is shown that the CFS reanalysis represents a clear improvement over the earlier reanalysis products, though significant biases remain. Comparisons of the error patterns in the reanalysis products provide a suitable basis for confident conversion of the Climate Prediction Center (CPC) operational monitoring and prediction products to the new generation of analyses based on CFS. C1 [Higgins, R. W.; Silva, V. B. S.; Xie, P.] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NWS, NCEP, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Kousky, V. E.; Becker, E.] Wyle Informat Syst, Mclean, VA USA. RP Higgins, RW (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NWS, NCEP, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM wayne.higgins@noaa.gov NR 23 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 23 IS 17 BP 4637 EP 4650 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3638.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 647YB UT WOS:000281655600012 ER PT J AU Seager, R Naik, N Vecchi, GA AF Seager, Richard Naik, Naomi Vecchi, Gabriel A. TI Thermodynamic and Dynamic Mechanisms for Large-Scale Changes in the Hydrological Cycle in Response to Global Warming SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; STORM TRACKS; CIRCULATION AB The mechanisms of changes in the large-scale hydrological cycle projected by 15 models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 and used for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's Fourth Assessment Report are analyzed by computing differences between 2046 and 2065 and 1961 and 2000. The contributions to changes in precipitation minus evaporation, P-E, caused thermodynamically by changes in specific humidity, dynamically by changes in circulation, and by changes in moisture transports by transient eddies are evaluated. The thermodynamic and dynamic contributions are further separated into advective and divergent components. The nonthermodynamic contributions are then related to changes in the mean and transient circulation. The projected change in P-E involves an intensification of the existing pattern of P-E with wet areas [the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) and mid-to high latitudes] getting wetter and arid and semiarid regions of the subtropics getting drier. In addition, the subtropical dry zones expand poleward. The accentuation of the twentieth-century pattern of P-E is in part explained by increases in specific humidity via both advection and divergence terms. Weakening of the tropical divergent circulation partially opposes the thermodynamic contribution by creating a tendency to decreased P-E in the ITCZ and to increased P-E in the descending branches of the Walker and Hadley cells. The changing mean circulation also causes decreased P 2 E on the poleward flanks of the subtropics because the descending branch of the Hadley Cell expands and the midlatitude meridional circulation cell shifts poleward. Subtropical drying and poleward moistening are also contributed to by an increase in poleward moisture transport by transient eddies. The thermodynamic contribution to changing P-E, arising from increased specific humidity, is almost entirely accounted for by atmospheric warming under fixed relative humidity. C1 [Seager, Richard; Naik, Naomi] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Vecchi, Gabriel A.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Seager, R (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, 61 Rt 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM seager@ldeo.columbia.edu RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X FU NOAA [NA03OAR4320179, NA08OAR4320912]; NSF [ATM-08-04107] FX This work was supported by NOAA Grants NA03OAR4320179 and NA08OAR4320912, and NSF Grant ATM-08-04107. We thank Isaac Held for his comments on an earlier draft of this paper and three anonymous reviewers for their comments. NR 24 TC 186 Z9 188 U1 7 U2 67 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 23 IS 17 BP 4651 EP 4668 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3655.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 647YB UT WOS:000281655600013 ER PT J AU Seo, KH Wang, WQ AF Seo, Kyong-Hwan Wang, Wanqiu TI The Madden-Julian Oscillation Simulated in the NCEP Climate Forecast System Model: The Importance of Stratiform Heating SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CONVECTION PARAMETERIZATION; ARAKAWA-SCHUBERT; MOIST CONVECTION; RANGE FORECASTS; BOREAL SUMMER; PART I; PRECIPITATION AB This study investigates the capability for simulating the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) in a series of atmosphere-ocean coupled and uncoupled simulations using NCEP operational general circulation models. The effect of air-sea coupling on the MJO is examined by comparing long-term simulations from the coupled Climate Forecast System (CFS T62) and the atmospheric Global Forecast System (GFS T62) models. Another coupled simulation with a higher horizontal resolution model (CFS T126) is performed to investigate the impact of model horizontal resolution. Furthermore, to examine the impact on a deep convection scheme, an additional coupled T126 run (CFS T126RAS) is conducted with the relaxed Arakawa-Schubert (RAS) scheme. The most important factors for the proper simulation of the MJO are investigated from these runs. The empirical orthogonal function, lagged regression, and spectral analyses indicated that the interactive air-sea coupling greatly improved the coherence between convection, circulation, and other surface fields on the intraseasonal time scale. A higher horizontal resolution run (CFS T126) did not show significant improvements in the intensity and structure. However, GFS T62, CFS T62, and CFS T126 all yielded the 30-60-day variances that were not statistically distinguishable from the background red noise spectrum. Their eastward propagation was stalled over the Maritime Continent and far western Pacific. In contrast to the model simulations using the simplified Arakawa-Schubert (SAS) cumulus scheme, CFS T126RAS produced statistically significant spectral peaks in the MJO frequency band, and greatly improved the strength of the MJO convection and circulation. Most importantly, the ability of MJO convection signal to penetrate into the Maritime Continent and western Pacific was demonstrated. In this simulation, an early-stage shallow heating and moistening preconditioned the atmosphere for subsequent intense MJO convection and a top-heavy vertical heating profile was formed by stratiform heating in the upper and middle troposphere, working to increase temperature anomalies and hence eddy available potential energy that sustains the MJO. The stratiform heating arose from convective detrainment of moisture to the environment and stratiform anvil clouds. Therefore, the following factors were analyzed to be most important for the proper simulation of the MJO rather than the correct simulations of basic-state precipitation, sea surface temperature, intertropical convergence zone, vertical zonal wind shear, and lower-level zonal winds: 1) an elevated vertical heating structure (by stratiform heating), 2) a moisture-stratiform instability process (a positive feedback process between moisture and convective-stratiform clouds), and 3) the low-level moisture convergence to the east of MJO convection (through the appropriate moisture and convective-stratiform cloud processes-circulation interactions). The improved MJO simulation did improve the global circulation response to the tropical heating and may extend the predictability of weather and climate over Asia and North America. C1 [Seo, Kyong-Hwan] Pusan Natl Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Pusan, South Korea. [Wang, Wanqiu] NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Seo, KH (reprint author), Pusan Natl Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Pusan, South Korea. EM khseo@pusan.ac.kr FU Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program [CATER 2007-4208]; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Jialin Lin at Ohio State University, Dr. S. Moothi at EMC/NCEP/NOAA, and the anonymous reviewers for their helpful and constructive comments and suggestions. This work was funded by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under Grant CATER 2007-4208. This work was supported by the Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information. NR 65 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 23 IS 18 BP 4770 EP 4793 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI2983.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 660WU UT WOS:000282678000004 ER PT J AU Serra, YL Kiladis, GN Hodges, KI AF Serra, Yolande L. Kiladis, George N. Hodges, Kevin I. TI Tracking and Mean Structure of Easterly Waves over the Intra-Americas Sea SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC HURRICANE SEASON; LOW-LEVEL JET; SYNOPTIC-SCALE DISTURBANCES; ATLANTIC TROPICAL SYSTEMS; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; STORM TRACKS; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; PART I; NORTHERN SUMMER; ITCZ BREAKDOWN AB Easterly waves (EWs) are prominent features of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ), found in both the Atlantic and Pacific during the Northern Hemisphere summer and fall, where they commonly serve as precursors to hurricanes over both basins. A large proportion of Atlantic EWs are known to form over Africa, but the origin of EWs over the Caribbean and east Pacific in particular has not been established in detail. In this study reanalyses are used to examine the coherence of the large-scale wave signatures and to obtain track statistics and energy conversion terms for EWs across this region. Regression analysis demonstrates that some EW kinematic structures readily propagate between the Atlantic and east Pacific, with the highest correlations observed across Costa Rica and Panama. Track statistics are consistent with this analysis and suggest that some individual waves are maintained as they pass from the Atlantic into the east Pacific, whereas others are generated locally in the Caribbean and east Pacific. Vortex anomalies associated with the waves are observed on the leeward side of the Sierra Madre, propagating northwestward along the coast, consistent with previous modeling studies of the interactions between zonal flow and EWs with model topography similar to the Sierra Madre. An energetics analysis additionally indicates that the Caribbean low-level jet and its extension into the east Pacific-known as the Papagayo jet-are a source of energy for EWs in the region. Two case studies support these statistics, as well as demonstrate the modulation of EW track and storm development location by the MJO. C1 [Serra, Yolande L.] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Kiladis, George N.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Hodges, Kevin I.] Univ Reading, Environm Syst Sci Ctr, Reading, Berks, England. RP Serra, YL (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, 1118 E 4th St,POB 210081, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM serra@atmo.arizona.edu RI Serra, Yolande/I-3457-2015 OI Serra, Yolande/0000-0003-3542-1158 FU NOAA Climate Program Office; NOAA's Office of Global Programs [GC05-156] FX YLS was supported by the NOAA Climate Program Office's Climate Predication Program for the Americas (CPPA) program. GNK was supported by NOAA's Office of Global Programs under Grant GC05-156. ERA-I data used in this study were provided by the ECMWF data server. NR 76 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 23 IS 18 BP 4823 EP 4840 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3223.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 660WU UT WOS:000282678000007 ER PT J AU Huang, BY Xue, Y Zhang, DX Kumar, A McPhaden, MJ AF Huang, Boyin Xue, Yan Zhang, Dongxiao Kumar, Arun McPhaden, Michael J. TI The NCEP GODAS Ocean Analysis of the Tropical Pacific Mixed Layer Heat Budget on Seasonal to Interannual Time Scales SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EASTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; 1997-98 EL-NINO; ANNUAL CYCLE; WIND STRESS; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; INSTABILITY WAVES; DATA ASSIMILATION; ANALYSIS SYSTEM; BARRIER-LAYER AB The mixed layer heat budget in the tropical Pacific is diagnosed using pentad (5 day) averaged outputs from the Global Ocean Data Assimilation System (GODAS), which is operational at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). The GODAS is currently used by the NCEP Climate Prediction Center (CPC) to monitor and to understand El Nino and La Nina in near real time. The purpose of this study is to assess the feasibility of using an operational ocean data assimilation system to understand SST variability. The climatological mean and seasonal cycle of mixed layer heat budgets derived from GODAS agree reasonably well with previous observational and model-based estimates. However, significant differences and biases were noticed. Large biases were found in GODAS zonal and meridional currents, which contributed to biases in the annual cycle of zonal and meridional advective heat fluxes. The warming due to tropical instability waves in boreal fall is severely underestimated owing to use of a 4-week data assimilation window. On interannual time scales, the GODAS heat budget closure is good for weak-to-moderate El Ninos. A composite for weak-to-moderate El Ninos suggests that zonal and meridional temperature advection and vertical entrainment/diffusion all contributed to the onset of the event and that zonal advection played the dominant role during decay of the event and the transition to La Nina. The net surface heat flux acts as a damping during the development stage, but plays a critical role in the decay of El Nino and the transition to the following La Nina. The GODAS heat budget closure is generally poor for strong La Ninas. Despite the biases, the GODAS heat budget analysis tool is useful in monitoring and understanding the physical processes controlling SST variability associated with ENSO. Therefore, it has been implemented operationally at CPC in support of NOAA's ENSO forecasting. C1 [Huang, Boyin; Xue, Yan; Kumar, Arun] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Zhang, Dongxiao; McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine & Environm Lab, Seattle, WA USA. RP Huang, BY (reprint author), Wyle Informat Syst, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 605-A WWB, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM boyin.huang@noaa.gov RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 FU NOAA; NOAA's Climate Program Office FX We thank Dr. Kelvin Richards, Dr. Shangping Xie, and an anonymous reviewer for their critical and constructive comments, which helped us improve the manuscript significantly. We also want to thank Dr. David Behringer, who provided us detailed information about the GODAS ocean analysis and for helpful discussions on our results. This work was partially supported by the Climate Test Bed of NOAA and also by NOAA's Climate Program Office. NR 63 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 23 IS 18 BP 4901 EP 4925 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3373.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 660WU UT WOS:000282678000011 ER PT J AU Liu, S Yang, S Lian, Y Zheng, DW Wen, M Tu, G Shen, BZ Gao, ZT Wang, DH AF Liu, Shi Yang, Song Lian, Yi Zheng, Dawei Wen, Min Tu, Gang Shen, Baizhu Gao, Zongting Wang, Donghai TI Time-Frequency Characteristics of Regional Climate over Northeast China and Their Relationships with Atmospheric Circulation Patterns SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; PRECIPITATION; ANOMALIES; SPECTRUM; WINTER AB The time-frequency characteristics of the variations of temperature and precipitation over the city of Changchun in northeast China and their associations with large-scale atmospheric and oceanic conditions are analyzed. It is found that the variations of the regional climate are characterized by strong semiannual signals. For precipitation, the amplitude of semiannual signal is about half of that of the annual cycle. The relationships of the Changchun temperature and precipitation with local winds and large-scale patterns of atmospheric circulation and sea surface temperature are also strongest on annual and semiannual time scales. These strong semiannual signals are potentially helpful for improving the prediction of the regional climate. On the annual time scale, the northeast China climate is affected by both the thermal contrast between the Asian continent and the tropical Indo-Pacific Oceans and that between the continent and the extratropical North Pacific. These effects are manifested by the cyclonic (anticyclonic) pattern over the Asian continent (North Pacific) and the strong southerly flow over East Asia and northwestern Pacific associated with increases in temperature and precipitation. On the semiannual time scale, the northeast China climate is mainly related to the large-scale circulation pattern centered over the North Pacific, with its western portion over northeast China, North and South Korea, and Japan. While temperature signals are related to extratropical atmospheric process more apparently, both extratropical and tropical influences are seen in the semiannual variation of precipitation. There exist strong relationships between Changchun temperature and precipitation and the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) in the frequency band up to 7 months. Temperature increases and precipitation decreases when NPO is positive. The relationships were weak before 1980 but became stronger afterward, associated with the strengthening of the East Asian trough. C1 [Yang, Song] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Liu, Shi; Lian, Yi; Tu, Gang; Shen, Baizhu; Gao, Zongting] Inst Meteorol Sci Jilin Prov, Changchun, Jilin, Peoples R China. [Zheng, Dawei] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Astron Observ, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Wen, Min; Wang, Donghai] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Yang, S (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, World Weather Bldg,Room 605, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM song.yang@noaa.gov RI Yang, Song/B-4952-2009 FU Governor's Foundation of Jilin province, China FX We are thankful for the helpful reviews by editor James Renwick and four anonymous reviewers. This study was partially supported by the Governor's Foundation of Jilin province, China. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 23 IS 18 BP 4956 EP 4972 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3554.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 660WU UT WOS:000282678000014 ER PT J AU Murphy, DM Forster, PM AF Murphy, D. M. Forster, P. M. TI On the Accuracy of Deriving Climate Feedback Parameters from Correlations between Surface Temperature and Outgoing Radiation SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SIMPLE-MODEL; SENSITIVITY AB Changes in outgoing radiation are both a consequence and a cause of changes in the earth's temperature. Spencer and Braswell recently showed that in a simple box model for the earth the regression of outgoing radiation against surface temperature gave a slope that differed from the model's true feedback parameter. They went on to select input parameters for the box model based on observations, computed the difference for those conditions, and asserted that there is a significant bias for climate studies. This paper shows that Spencer and Braswell overestimated the difference. Differences between the regression slope and the true feedback parameter are significantly reduced when 1) a more realistic value for the ocean mixed layer depth is used, 2) a corrected standard deviation of outgoing radiation is used, and 3) the model temperature variability is computed over the same time interval as the observations. When all three changes are made, the difference between the slope and feedback parameter is less than one-tenth of that estimated by Spencer and Braswell. Absolute values of the difference for realistic cases are less than 0.05 W m (2) K (1), which is not significant for climate studies that employ regressions of outgoing radiation against temperature. Previously published results show that the difference is negligible in the Hadley Centre Slab Climate Model, version 3 (HadSM3). C1 [Murphy, D. M.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Forster, P. M.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. RP Murphy, DM (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway,R-CSD2, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM daniel.m.murphy@noaa.gov RI Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Forster, Piers/F-9829-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; Forster, Piers/0000-0002-6078-0171; FU NOAA FX Researcher T. Wong provided CERES data for the tropical ocean regions. This work was supported by NOAA base and climate change funding. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 23 IS 18 BP 4983 EP 4988 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3657.1 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 660WU UT WOS:000282678000016 ER PT J AU Stern, ST Hall, JB Yu, LL Wood, LJ Paciotti, GF Tamarkin, L Long, SE McNeil, SE AF Stern, Stephan T. Hall, Jennifer B. Yu, Lee L. Wood, Laura J. Paciotti, Giulio F. Tamarkin, Lawrence Long, Stephen E. McNeil, Scott E. TI Translational considerations for cancer nanomedicine SO JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th InternatIional NanoDDS Meeting CY OCT 05-06, 2009 CL Indianapolis, IN DE Nanotechnology; Biological potency; Modeling and simulation; Clinical starting dose; Allometry ID IN-VITRO; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; INTRAVENOUS-INJECTION; SILICA NANOPARTICLES; ANTITUMOR EFFICACY; TOXICITY DATA; PBPK MODEL; BIODISTRIBUTION; TUMOR; VIVO AB There are many important considerations during preclinical development of cancer nanomedicines, including: 1) unique aspects of animal study design; 2) the difficulties in evaluating biological potency, especially for complex formulations; 3) the importance of analytical methods that can determine platform stability in vivo, and differentiate bound and free active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in biological matrices; and 4) the appropriateness of current dose scaling techniques for estimation of clinical first-in-man dose from preclinical data. Biologics share many commonalities with nanotechnology products with regard to complexity and biological attributes, and can, in some cases, provide context for dealing with these preclinical issues. In other instances, such as the case of in vivo stability analysis, new approaches are required. This paper will discuss the significance of these preclinical issues, and present examples of current methods and best practices for addressing them. Where possible, these recommendations are justified using the existing regulatory guidance literature. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Stern, Stephan T.; Hall, Jennifer B.; McNeil, Scott E.] NCI, Nanotechnol Characterizat Lab, Adv Technol Program, SAIC Frederick Inc, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Yu, Lee L.; Wood, Laura J.; Long, Stephen E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Paciotti, Giulio F.; Tamarkin, Lawrence] CytImmune Sci, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Stern, ST (reprint author), NCI, Nanotechnol Characterizat Lab, Adv Technol Program, SAIC Frederick Inc, POB B, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM sternstephan@mail.nih.gov; halljennifer@mail.nih.gov; lee.yu@nist.gov; laura.wood@nist.gov; gpaciotti@cytimmune.com; ltamarkin@cytimune.com; stephen.long@nist.gov; ncl@mail.nih.gov RI Nanotechnology Characterization Lab, NCL/K-8454-2012; Yu, Lee/N-7263-2015 OI Yu, Lee/0000-0002-8043-6853 FU CCR NIH HHS [HHSN261200800001C]; Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 CA999999]; NCI NIH HHS [HHSN261200800001E] NR 60 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-3659 J9 J CONTROL RELEASE JI J. Control. Release PD SEP 1 PY 2010 VL 146 IS 2 SI SI BP 164 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.04.008 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 642ZS UT WOS:000281261900002 PM 20385183 ER PT J AU Komabayashi, T Imai, Y Ahn, C Chow, LC Takagi, S AF Komabayashi, Takashi Imai, Yohji Ahn, Chul Chow, Laurence C. Takagi, Shozo TI Dentin permeability reduction by a sequential application of calcium and fluoride-phosphate solutions SO JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY LA English DT Article DE Dentin hypersensitivity; Desensitizing agents; Dentin permeability; Sequential application; Disodium phosphate; Sodium fluoride; Calcium chloride; Dentin tubules ID TUBULE OCCLUSION; PRECIPITATION METHOD; INVITRO; HYPERSENSITIVITY; SENSITIVITY AB Objective A sequential topical application of calcium and fluoride-phosphate solutions was reported to occlude open dentin tubules, mainly with fluoroapatite precipitates by a rapid ionic reaction, and to be effective at treating dentin hypersensitivity However, its ability to reduce dentin permeability (Lp) is unknown The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of this treatment on Lp Methods Nine extracted human third molars were sectioned transversely to obtain 0 5 mm-thick discs, which were then etched and rinsed Aqueous solutions of 5% (w/w) disodium phosphate containing 0 3% (w/w) sodium fluoride (A) and 10% (w/w) calcium chloride (B) were prepared The sequential application of the A&B solutions was repeated three times on each disc, which was then rinsed with distilled water The Lp of the discs was measured before and after the application using a modified Pashley's fluid flow measuring system The differences in the Lp values between the conditions before and after the solution applications were analysed using a generalized estimating equation method and paired t-test Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the dentin surfaces Results All nine discs consistently indicated reduced Lp following the application of the A&B solutions There was a significant decrease in the mean Lp [mu L/(cm(2) s cm H(2)O)] from baseline (-0 27 +/- 0 25, p = 0 011) Overall, an average decrease of 34% Lp occurred after the application of the A&B solutions SEM observation indicated that the reaction products covered the entire dentin disc surface Conclusion The application of the A&B solutions was effective at reducing the Lp of the dentin discs Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 [Komabayashi, Takashi] Baylor Coll Dent, Dept Endodont, Texas A&M Hlth Sci Ctr, Dallas, TX 75246 USA. [Imai, Yohji] Tokyo Med & Dent Univ, Tokyo, Japan. [Ahn, Chul] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Clin Sci, Dallas, TX USA. [Chow, Laurence C.; Takagi, Shozo] NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Komabayashi, T (reprint author), Baylor Coll Dent, Dept Endodont, Texas A&M Hlth Sci Ctr, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX 75246 USA. EM ICD38719@nifty.com RI Komabayashi, Takashi/G-6422-2015 OI Komabayashi, Takashi/0000-0002-6364-8440 FU American Dental Association Foundation (ADAF); National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research [DE11789]; NIH [KL2RR024983]; National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) [UL1 RR024982] FX This work has been supported by the American Dental Association Foundation (ADAF), the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (DE11789), NIH KL2RR024983 (TK) and UL1 RR024982, entitled, "North and Central Texas Clinical and Translational Science Initiative" from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research, and its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NCRR or NIH Information on NCRR is available at http //www ncrr nih gov/ Information on Reengineenng the Clinical Research Enterprise can be obtained from http //nihroadmap nih gov/clinicalresearch/ overview-translational asp NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0300-5712 J9 J DENT JI J. Dent. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 38 IS 9 BP 736 EP 741 DI 10.1016/j.jdent.2010.05.019 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 645XS UT WOS:000281500100007 PM 20685375 ER PT J AU Heideman, CL Rostek, R Anderson, MD Herzing, AA Anderson, IM Johnson, DC AF Heideman, Colby L. Rostek, Raimar Anderson, Michael D. Herzing, Andrew A. Anderson, Ian M. Johnson, David C. TI Synthesis and Electronic Properties of the Misfit Layer Compound [(PbSe)(1.00)](1)[MoSe2](1) SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Conference on Thermoelectrics/7th European Conference on Thermoelectrics CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Freiburg, GERMANY DE Misfit-layered compounds; carrier properties; thermoelectrics; thin films ID CHROMIUM SULFIDE; FILMS; MICROANALYSIS; COATINGS AB An ultralow-thermal-conductivity compound with the ideal formula [(PbSe)(1.00)](1)[MoSe2](1) has been successfully crystallized across a range of compositions. The lattice parameters varied from 1.246 nm to 1.275 nm, and the quality of the observed 00a"" diffraction patterns varied through the composition region where the structure crystallized. Measured resistivity values ranged over an order of magnitude, from 0.03 Omega m to 0.65 Omega m, and Seebeck coefficients ranged from -181 mu V K-1 to 91 mu V K-1 in the samples after the initial annealing to form the basic structure. Annealing of samples under a controlled atmosphere of selenium resulted in low conductivities and large negative Seebeck coefficients, suggesting an n-doped semiconductor. Scanning transmission electron microscopy cross-sections confirmed the interleaving of bilayers of PbSe with Se-Mo-Se trilayers. High-angle annular dark-field images revealed an interesting volume defect, where PbSe grew through a region where a layer of MoSe2 would be expected in the perfect structure. Further studies are required to correlate the density of these defects with the observed electrical properties. C1 [Heideman, Colby L.; Anderson, Michael D.; Johnson, David C.] Univ Oregon, Dept Chem, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Heideman, Colby L.; Anderson, Michael D.; Johnson, David C.] Univ Oregon, Inst Mat Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Rostek, Raimar] Fraunhofer Inst Phys Messtech, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany. [Anderson, Michael D.; Herzing, Andrew A.; Anderson, Ian M.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Heideman, CL (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Dept Chem, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM davej@uoregon.edu RI Herzing, Andrew/D-6239-2012 NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 39 IS 9 BP 1476 EP 1481 DI 10.1007/s11664-010-1303-4 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 644PW UT WOS:000281393000021 ER PT J AU Hwang, CH Lock, A Bundy, M Johnsson, E Ko, GH AF Hwang, Cheol-Hong Lock, Andrew Bundy, Matthew Johnsson, Erik Ko, Gwon Hyun TI Studies on Fire Characteristics in Over- and Underventilated Full-scale Compartments SO JOURNAL OF FIRE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE compartment fire; overventilated fire; underventilated fire; CO production ID COMBUSTION; GENERATION AB An experimental study was conducted to investigate the thermal, chemical, and flow environments of heptane fires in an ISO 9705 room. Fuel flow rates and vent size were manipulated to create overventilated fire (OVF) and underventilated fire (UVF) conditions. Numerical simulations were also performed, for the same conditions, with the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Both OVF and UVF conditions were characterized with temperature distributions, and combustion product formation measured locally in the upper layer, as well as combustion efficiency and global equivalence ratio. It was shown that the numerical results agree quantitatively with measurements in both OVF and UVF. The internal flow pattern rotated in the opposite direction for the UVF relative to the OVF so that a portion of products recirculated to the inside of compartment. This flow pattern may affect changes in the complex processes of CO and soot formation inside the compartment due to an increase in the residence time of high-temperature products. The 3D flow structures including O(2) and CO distribution were visualized inside the underventilated compartment fire using FDS. It was observed that the two gas sample locations in the upper layer of the room were insufficient to completely characterize the internal structure of the compartment fire. C1 [Hwang, Cheol-Hong; Lock, Andrew; Bundy, Matthew; Johnsson, Erik; Ko, Gwon Hyun] NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lock, A (reprint author), NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8661, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andrew.lock@nist.gov FU Korean Government (MOEHRD) [KRF-2007-357-D00028] FX The authors would like to thank Anthony Hamins, Richard Harris, Kevin McGrattan, and Bryan Klein for helpful discussions, and Lauren DeLauter, Doris Reinhart, Tony Chakalis, Greg Masenheimer, and Kelly Opert for their technical assistance. C. H. Hwang gratefully acknowledges support from a Korean Research Foundation Grant funded through the Korean Government (MOEHRD) (KRF-2007-357-D00028). NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 9 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0734-9041 J9 J FIRE SCI JI J. Fire Sci. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 28 IS 5 BP 459 EP 486 DI 10.1177/0734904110363106 PG 28 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 642LJ UT WOS:000281214800003 ER PT J AU Denton, KP Rich, HB Moore, JW Quinn, TP AF Denton, K. P. Rich, H. B., Jr. Moore, J. W. Quinn, T. P. TI The utilization of a Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus nerka subsidy by three populations of charr Salvelinus spp. SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Iliamna Lake; length at age; MixSIR; polymorphism; stable isotopes ID STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; ELEMENTS TRANSPORTED UPSTREAM; POLYMORPHIC ARCTIC CHARR; SOCKEYE-SALMON; TROPHIC POLYMORPHISM; DIETARY SPECIALIZATION; ECOLOGICAL SEGREGATION; DELTA-C-13 EVIDENCE; RESIDENT SALMONIDS; NITROGEN ISOTOPES AB The L-F-at-age trajectories differentiated two populations of Dolly Varden charr Salvelinus malma and a population of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus from the eastern end of Iliamna Lake, Alaska. Salvelinus malma from the Pedro Bay ponds were the smallest for a given age, followed by Salvelinus alpinus from the lake, and S. malma from the Iliamna River were much larger. The utilization of a large sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka subsidy by the three Salvelinus spp. populations was then investigated by comparing diet data and mixing model (MixSIR) outputs based on carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes. Stomach contents indicated that both S. malma populations fed on O. nerka products, especially eggs and larval Diptera that had scavenged O. nerka carcasses, whereas S. alpinus fed on a variety of prey items such as three-spined sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus and snails. Stable-isotope analysis corroborated the diet data; the two S. malma populations incorporated more O. nerka-derived nutrients into their tissues than did S. alpinus from the lake, although all populations showed substantial utilization of O. nerka-derived resources. Salvelinus alpinus also seemed to be much more omnivorous, as shown by stable-isotope mixing models, than the S. malma populations. The dramatic differences in growth rate between the two S. malma populations, despite similar trophic patterns, indicate that other important genetic or environmental factors affect their life history, including proximate temperature controls and ultimate predation pressures. C1 [Denton, K. P.; Rich, H. B., Jr.; Quinn, T. P.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Moore, J. W.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Denton, KP (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM keith.denton@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation FX The authors thank many individuals for collection of specimens, especially T. Jaecks and W. Atlas. They would also thank D. Schindler and T. Essington for comments on drafts of the manuscript and assistance with the study design. M. Liermann provided assistance with the statistical analyses and B. Semmens assisted with the MixSIR model. Financial support was provided by the National Science Foundation's BioComplexity Program, and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. NR 60 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 77 IS 4 BP 1006 EP 1023 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02746.x PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 648SG UT WOS:000281713700016 PM 20840627 ER PT J AU Chu, W Song, J Vorburger, T Ballou, S AF Chu, Wei Song, John Vorburger, Theodore Ballou, Susan TI Striation Density for Predicting the Identifiability of Fired Bullets with Automated Inspection Systems SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE edge detection; firearms identification; forensic science; identifiability; morphology; striation density ID EDGE-DETECTION; TOPOGRAPHY AB Automated firearms identification systems will correlate a reference bullet with all evidence bullets without a selection procedure to exclude the bullets having insufficient bullet identifying signature. Correlations that include such bullets increase the workload and may affect the correlation accuracy. In this article, a parameter called striation density is proposed for determining and predicting bullet identifiability. After image preprocessing, edge detection and filtering techniques are used to extract the edges of striation marks, the resulting binary image distinctly shows the amount and distribution of striation marks. Then striation density is calculated for determining the quality of images. In the experiment, striation densities for six lands of 48 bullets fired from 12 gun barrels of six manufactures are calculated. Statistical results show strong relation between striation density and identification rate. It can provide firearms identification systems with a quantitative criterion to assess whether there are sufficient striae for reliable bullet identification. C1 [Chu, Wei; Song, John; Vorburger, Theodore; Ballou, Susan] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chu, Wei] Harbin Inst Technol, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. RP Chu, W (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8212, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wei.chu@nist.gov FU National Institute of Justice (NIJ) through the Office of Law Enforcement Standards (OLES) at NIST FX The funding for this research is provided by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) through the Office of Law Enforcement Standards (OLES) at NIST. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper to specify adequately the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 55 IS 5 BP 1222 EP 1226 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2010.01438.x PG 5 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 647FI UT WOS:000281602800013 PM 20487148 ER PT J AU Sorooshian, A Feingold, G Lebsock, MD Jiang, HL Stephens, GL AF Sorooshian, Armin Feingold, Graham Lebsock, Matthew D. Jiang, Hongli Stephens, Graeme L. TI Deconstructing the precipitation susceptibility construct: Improving methodology for aerosol-cloud precipitation studies SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL RAINFALL; EFFECTIVE RADIUS; STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; DRIZZLE FORMATION; DROPLET SIZE; SATELLITE; MODEL; CLIMATE AB It is generally thought that an increase in aerosol particles suppresses precipitation in warm clouds. The nature and magnitude of this effect are highly uncertain owing to numerous microphysical and macrophysical processes that influence clouds over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. This work addresses the need to improve the evidence for and quantification of aerosol effects on precipitation by using observational data. Previous work introduced the concept of precipitation susceptibility as a metric for changes in precipitation that result from aerosol perturbations. Motivated by the difficulty in obtaining statistically significant aerosol measurements in the vicinity of clouds, this study explores breaking up the precipitation susceptibility construct into separate components: an aerosol-cloud interaction component and a cloud-precipitation component. These are used to quantify precipitation susceptibility, while also accounting for meteorological factors that could obfuscate the response of clouds to aerosol perturbations. The utility of this technique is demonstrated using a diverse set of tools, including data from NASA's A-Train constellation of satellites, aircraft measurements, and models of various complexities. Employing this method results in increased confidence in causal relationships between aerosol perturbations and precipitation. C1 [Sorooshian, Armin] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Sorooshian, Armin] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Feingold, Graham; Jiang, Hongli] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lebsock, Matthew D.; Stephens, Graeme L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Sorooshian, A (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, POB 210011, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM armin@email.arizona.edu RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Jiang, Hongli/N-3281-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Sorooshian, Armin/0000-0002-2243-2264 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-10-1-0811, N00014-04-1-0018]; NOAA's Climate Goal FX A. S. acknowledges support from an Office of Naval Research YIP Award (N00014-10-1-0811). The aircraft measurements were supported by the Office of Naval Research grant N00014-04-1-0018. G.F. and H.J. acknowledge support from NOAA's Climate Goal. We thank Toshihisa Matsui and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. NR 72 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 1 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D17201 DI 10.1029/2009JD013426 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 646WD UT WOS:000281573900002 ER PT J AU Wang, J Hu, HG Schwab, D Leshkevich, G Beletsky, D Hawley, N Clites, A AF Wang, Jia Hu, Haoguo Schwab, David Leshkevich, George Beletsky, Dmitry Hawley, Nathan Clites, Anne TI Development of the Great Lakes Ice-circulation Model (GLIM): Application to Lake Erie in 2003-2004 SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Coupled Ice-Ocean Model; Ice modeling; Lake ice cover; Ice thickness; Ice speed; Lake surface temperature; Great Lakes; Lake Erie ID OCEAN CLIMATE SIMULATIONS; SEA-ICE; HUDSON-BAY; SEASONAL CYCLE; LABRADOR SEA; BALTIC SEA; MICHIGAN; CANADA; COVER; LAYER AB To simulate ice and water circulation in Lake Erie over a yearly cycle, a Great Lakes Ice-circulation Model (GLIM) was developed by applying a Coupled Ice-Ocean Model (CIOM) with a 2-km resolution grid. The hourly surface wind stress and thermodynamic forcings for input into the GLIM are derived from meteorological measurements interpolated onto the 2-km model grids. The seasonal cycles for ice concentration, thickness, velocity, and other variables are well reproduced in the 2003/04 ice season. Satellite measurements of ice cover were used to validate GLIM with a mean bias deviation (MBD) of 7.4%. The seasonal cycle for lake surface temperature is well reproduced in comparison to the satellite measurements with a MBD of 1.5%. Additional sensitivity experiments further confirm the important impacts of ice cover on lake water temperature and water level variations. Furthermore, a period including an extreme cooling (due to a cold air outbreak) and an extreme warming event in February 2004 was examined to test GLIM's response to rapidly-changing synoptic forcing. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wang, Jia; Schwab, David; Leshkevich, George; Hawley, Nathan; Clites, Anne] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Hu, Haoguo; Beletsky, Dmitry] Univ Michigan, CILER, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 4840 S State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM jia.wang@noaa.gov RI Schwab, David/B-7498-2012; OI Beletsky, Dmitry/0000-0003-4532-0588 NR 46 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 36 IS 3 BP 425 EP 436 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2010.04.002 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 647XN UT WOS:000281654200006 ER PT J AU Fuentes, MS Rick, JJ Hasenstein, KH AF Fuentes, M. Soledad Rick, Johannes J. Hasenstein, Karl H. TI Occurrence of a Cylindrospermopsis bloom in Louisiana SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cylindrospermopsis; Harmful Algal Bloom; Nutrients; Morphotypes; Phytoplankton ID CYANOBACTERIUM; RACIBORSKII; FLORIDA; BRAZIL; LAKES AB Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii occurs predominantly in tropical to subtropical freshwaters but appears to be spreading to temperate regions. After the hurricanes of 2005, a bloom of this organism took place in Lake Dauterive and Lake Fausse Pointe in Louisiana. The cyanobacterium dominated the phytoplankton community for three months. Of the three known morphotypes (straight, coiled and spiral) only coiled and spiral were found. In June 2006, 60% of the organisms were of the spiral morphotype but the relative abundance of this morphotype decreased dramatically within the month of June. However, the average density for both morphotypes remained the same until September. Densities (up to 160,000 cells/mL) significantly exceeded the threshold for toxicity. Because the sampled region offers optimal light and nutrient conditions, it is likely that C. raciborskii has been established in this region and future blooms can be expected. Therefore, a monitoring program should be implemented. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fuentes, M. Soledad; Rick, Johannes J.; Hasenstein, Karl H.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. RP Hasenstein, KH (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, 212 Rogers Ave, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM Maria.Soledad.Fuentes@noaa.gov; hjrick@hotmail.com; hasenstein@louisiana.edu NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 36 IS 3 BP 458 EP 464 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2010.05.006 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 647XN UT WOS:000281654200009 ER PT J AU Rucinski, DK Beletsky, D DePinto, JV Schwab, DJ Scavia, D AF Rucinski, Daniel K. Beletsky, Dmitry DePinto, Joseph V. Schwab, David J. Scavia, Donald TI A simple 1-dimensional, climate based dissolved oxygen model for the central basin of Lake Erie SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lake Erie; Dissolved oxygen; Hypoxia; Model ID GREAT-LAKES; WATER-QUALITY; TOTAL PHOSPHORUS; DEPLETION; DEMAND; TRENDS; OCEAN; SCENARIOS; SEDIMENTS; DYNAMICS AB A linked 1-dimensional thermal-dissolved oxygen model was developed and applied in the central basin of Lake Erie. The model was used to quantify the relative contribution of meteorological forcings versus the decomposition of hypolimnetic organic carbon on dissolved oxygen. The model computes daily vertical profiles of temperature, mixing, and dissolved oxygen for the period 1987-2005. Model calibration resulted in good agreement with observations of the thermal structure and oxygen concentrations throughout the period of study. The only calibration parameter, water column oxygen demand (WCOD), varied significantly across years. No significant relationships were found between these rates and the thermal properties; however, there was a significant correlation with soluble reactive phosphorus loading. These results indicate that climate variability alone, expressed as changes in thermal structure, does not account for the inter-annual variation in hypoxia. Rather, variation in the production of organic matter is a dominant driver, and this appears to have been responsive to changes in phosphorus loads. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rucinski, Daniel K.; Beletsky, Dmitry; DePinto, Joseph V.; Scavia, Donald] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Rucinski, Daniel K.; DePinto, Joseph V.] LimnoTech, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Beletsky, Dmitry] Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Schwab, David J.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Scavia, Donald] Univ Michigan, Graham Environm Sustainabil Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Rucinski, DK (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 440 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM drucinski@limno.com RI Schwab, David/B-7498-2012; OI Scavia, Donald/0000-0002-2784-8269; Beletsky, Dmitry/0000-0003-4532-0588 FU NOAA Center for Sponsored Coastal [NA07OAR432000] FX This research was supported in part by NOAA Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research grant NA07OAR432000. This paper is contribution no. 09-009 of the NOAA EcoFore-Lake Erie Project, and GLERL Contribution Number 1526. NR 43 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 36 IS 3 BP 465 EP 476 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2010.06.002 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 647XN UT WOS:000281654200010 ER PT J AU Shi, WS Wang, MH AF Shi, Wei Wang, Menghua TI Satellite observations of the seasonal sediment plume in central East China Sea SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Sediment plume; Ocean turbidity; Remote sensing; Ocean color; East China Sea ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF; RIVER SEDIMENT; TRANSPORT; ACCUMULATION; DEPOSITION AB Ocean color and sea surface temperature (SST) data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer on Aqua from 2002 to 2008, wind speed data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction, satellite-measured sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) data, and World Ocean Atlas 1998 data are analyzed to study and understand the variability of a sediment plume in the central East China Sea, as well as its mechanism for producing this plume. The plume peaks in the winter, with an areal coverage of similar to 4 x 10(4) km(2) and the diffuse attenuation coefficient at the wavelength of 490 nm (K(d)(490)) reaching over 1.5 m(-1), and almost disappears in the summer. The increase (decrease) of SST is coincident with the K(d)(490) decrease (increase) during the late spring (fall) and early summer (winter). In the winter, the entire water column becomes uniform with SST similar to 12 degrees C in the East China Sea, while in the summer the water column is strongly stratified with SST over similar to 27 degrees C. This seasonal sediment plume is attributed to sediment resuspension due to the strong vertical mixing and convection driven by the cooling of the upper ocean and enhanced surface winds during the winter season. In addition, satellite SSHA observations also confirm that the cross-shelf circulation resulting in this plume proposed by Yuan et al. (2008) does not exist. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Shi, Wei; Wang, Menghua] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Shi, Wei] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wang, MH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E-RA3,Room 102,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Menghua.Wang@noaa.gov RI Shi, Wei/F-5625-2010; Liu, Cheng-Chien/E-4859-2011; Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125 FU NASA; NOAA FX This research was supported by the NASA and NOAA funding and grants. The MODIS LIB data, MODIS SST data, and SSHA data were obtained from the NASA/GSFC MODAPS Services website, NASA/GSFC Ocean Color website, and Colorado Center for Astrodynamics Research, respectively. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 21 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 82 IS 4 BP 280 EP 285 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2010.06.002 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 647LT UT WOS:000281620700009 ER PT J AU Kawashima, Y Usami, T Suenram, RD Golubiatnikov, GY Hirota, E AF Kawashima, Yoshiyuki Usami, Tsuyoshi Suenram, Richard D. Golubiatnikov, G. Yu. Hirota, Eizi TI Dynamical structure of peptide molecules: Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy and ab initio calculations of N-methylformamide SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Peptide linkage molecule; Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy; Isotopomer; Molecular structure; Internal rotation ID NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ROTATIONAL SPECTRUM; MONOSUBSTITUTED AMIDES; NORMAL VIBRATIONS; INFRARED SPECTRA; CONFIGURATION; STATES; METHYLACETAMIDE; ALKYLFORMAMIDES; ACETAMIDE AB Rotational spectra of both trans and cis forms of the N-methylformamide normal as well as deuterated (HCONDCH(3), referred to as N-D) species were observed by Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy in the frequency region from 5 to 118 GHz. Samples were prepared in the form of a beam by a pulsed Jet valve maintained at 50 degrees C and were introduced in a high-vacuum cavity cell, with either Ne or Ar as a carrier gas at a backing pressure of 100 kPa. The observed spectra were analyzed to yield molecular parameters including rotational constants and barrier, V(3), to CH(3) internal-rotation: 53.9 (6) and 301 (4) cm(-1) for the trans and cis forms of the normal species, respectively, and 41.9 (6) and 309 (4) cm(-1) for the trans and cis forms of the N-D species, respectively. Spectra of four trans isotopologues with (13)C, (15)N, or (18)O singly-substituted in the internal-rotation A state were observed and analyzed to derive the r(s) structure of the trans form. For comparison with the experimental data, ab initio calculations were carried out at MP2/6-31G** level to derive molecular structure, potential barrier to CH(3) internal rotation, and the energy difference between the cis and trans forms. An extensive coupling was found between the CH(3) internal rotation and N-H out-of-plane bending, suggesting that the potential function for the CH(3) internal-rotation deviates considerably from a simple cos(3 alpha) form. The effects of the V(6) term is briefly discussed. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kawashima, Yoshiyuki; Usami, Tsuyoshi] Kanagawa Inst Technol, Dept Appl Chem, Kanagawa 2430292, Japan. [Suenram, Richard D.; Golubiatnikov, G. Yu.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Suenram, Richard D.] Univ Virginia, Dept Chem, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Hirota, Eizi] Grad Univ Adv Studies, Kanagawa 2400193, Japan. [Golubiatnikov, G. Yu.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Appl Phys, Nishnii Novgorod 603600, Russia. RP Kawashima, Y (reprint author), Kanagawa Inst Technol, Dept Appl Chem, Kanagawa 2430292, Japan. EM kawasima@chem.kanagawa-it.ac.jp FU Joint JSPS-NSF FX The present study was partially supported by a Joint JSPS-NSF Grant for Cooperative Research Program. The authors are grateful to Professor Satoshi Yamamoto and Dr. E. Kim of the University of Tokyo for performing an experiment in 43 GHz region. Some of the early work was performed at NIST in Gaithersburg, Maryland when Richard Suenram was at NIST. He has since retired from NIST and is now associated with Professor Brooks Pate's Group at the University of Virginia. We greatly appreciate the support provided by NIST and all of the staff in the Optical Technology Division. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 263 IS 1 BP 11 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2010.06.004 PG 10 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 647KI UT WOS:000281617000002 ER PT J AU Saloman, EB AF Saloman, E. B. TI Energy Levels and Observed Spectral Lines of Ionized Argon, Ar II through Ar XVIII SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE compilation; critically evaluated data; energy levels; Ar; argon; argon ions; observed spectral lines; spectra ID SOFT-X-RAY; HELIUM-LIKE ARGON; ULTRAVIOLET CORONAGRAPH SPECTROMETER; DOUBLE ELECTRON-CAPTURE; FINE-STRUCTURE LINES; SOLAR ACTIVE-REGION; HIGHLY-CHARGED IONS; MAGNETIC DIPOLE TRANSITIONS; CAPILLARY DISCHARGE DRIVEN; ANGSTROM WAVELENGTH RANGE AB The energy levels and observed spectral lines of ionized argon atoms, in all stages of ionization, have been compiled. Sufficient experimental data were found to generate level and line tables for Ar II through Ar XV. For Ar XVI a mix of experimental and theoretical data were used. Because of the superiority of the theoretical data for Ar XVII and Ar XVIII, theoretical values are compiled for the energy levels and the lines are calculated from them. Experimental g-factors are included for Ar II. A value, either experimental, semiempirical, or theoretical, is included for the ionization energy of each ion. (C) 2010 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. [doi: 10.1063/1.3337661] C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Saloman, EB (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM edward.saloman@nist.gov FU Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy [ER54293]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNH09AL77I] FX I wish to thank J. Reader for a careful reading of this manuscript and for many helpful discussions and advice on the selection of data to include in this compilation. I also want to thank A. E. Kramida for discussions on corrections to published calculations of energy levels of hydrogen-like argon. This work was supported in part by the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy Contract No. ER54293 and by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Contract No. NNH09AL77I. NR 251 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD SEP PY 2010 VL 39 IS 3 AR 033101 DI 10.1063/1.3337661 PG 162 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 657VI UT WOS:000282445700001 ER PT J AU Sansonetti, JE Nave, G AF Sansonetti, J. E. Nave, G. TI Wavelengths, Transition Probabilities, and Energy Levels for the Spectrum of Neutral Strontium (Sr I) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE atomic clocks; atomic structure; collections of physical data; ionisation potential; radiative lifetimes; spectral line intensity; strontium ID OPTICAL LATTICE CLOCK; LASER OPTOGALVANIC SPECTROSCOPY; D-1,3(2) RYDBERG SERIES; ALKALINE-EARTHS; EVEN-PARITY; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; THEORETICAL-ANALYSIS; AUTOIONIZING SPECTRUM; ABSORPTION-SPECTRUM; ACCURACY EVALUATION AB Following a critical review of spectroscopic data for neutral strontium (Z=38), the energy levels, with designations and uncertainties, have been tabulated. Wavelengths with classifications, intensities, and transition probabilities have also been reviewed. In addition, the 5s S-2(1/2), 4d D-2(3/2), and 4d D-2(5/2) ionization energies have been listed. A summary of the current state of measurements of the Sr I 5s(2) S-1(0)-5s5p P-3(0)o, F=9/2 atomic clock transition, and other isotopic observations has also been included. (C) 2010 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. [doi: 10.1063/1.3449176] C1 [Sansonetti, J. E.; Nave, G.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sansonetti, JE (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jean.sansonetti@nist.gov NR 70 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 EI 1529-7845 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD SEP PY 2010 VL 39 IS 3 AR 033103 DI 10.1063/1.3449176 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 657VI UT WOS:000282445700003 ER PT J AU Yang, SJ Lach-hab, M Vaisman, II Blaisten-Barojas, E Li, XA Karen, VL AF Yang, Shujiang Lach-hab, Mohammed Vaisman, Iosif I. Blaisten-Barojas, Estela Li, Xiang Karen, Vicky L. TI Framework-Type Determination for Zeolite Structures in the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE zeolite; crystallography; framework type code; ICSD; Inorganic Crystal Structure Database ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; NEUTRON POWDER-DIFFRACTION; MORDENITE-TYPE FRAMEWORK; Y-TYPE ZEOLITES; ETHYLENE SORPTION COMPLEX; PARTIALLY COBALT(II)-EXCHANGED ZEOLITE; HIGH-SILICA ZEOLITE; SI-29 MAS-NMR; FAUJASITE-TYPE FRAMEWORK; SOLID-STATE NMR AB In this work a structural characterization of zeolite crystals is performed by identifying the framework type to which each zeolite belongs. The framework type is assigned for 1433 zeolite database entries in the FIZ/NIST Inorganic Crystal Structure Database (ICSD) populating 95 framework types. These entries correspond to both natural and synthetic zeolites. Each ICSD entry is based on published work containing crystallographic information of the zeolite crystalline structure and some physical and chemical data. Today, the Structure Commission of the International Zeolite Association recognizes crystalline materials as belonging to the "zeolite" family only if they possess one of the approved framework types by the organization. Such information is of fundamental importance for identifying zeolites, for reference, for zeolite standards, for supporting the discovery of new zeolites, and for crystalline substance selection based on application. Unfortunately, framework-type information is not contained in the ICSD records. The long term goal of this work is filling such gap. Although the ICSD contains an extensive collection of zeolites, inclusion of zeolites belonging to the 191 accepted framework types could substantially expand such collection. The structural determination was achieved via several structural analysis methods based on numerical-computer implementations. (C) 2010 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved.. [doi: 10.1063/1.3432459] C1 [Yang, Shujiang; Lach-hab, Mohammed; Vaisman, Iosif I.; Blaisten-Barojas, Estela; Li, Xiang] George Mason Univ, Computat Mat Sci Ctr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Blaisten-Barojas, Estela] George Mason Univ, Dept Computat & Data Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Vaisman, Iosif I.] George Mason Univ, Dept Bioinformat & Computat Biol, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Li, Xiang; Karen, Vicky L.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Blaisten-Barojas, E (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Computat Mat Sci Ctr, MSN 6A2, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM blaisten@gmu.edu RI Blaisten-Barojas, Estela/B-9520-2009; Yang, Shujiang/E-3787-2012; Vaisman, Iosif/K-5268-2012 OI Vaisman, Iosif/0000-0001-6858-1516 FU National Science Foundation [CHE-0626111]; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) [70NANB5H1110]; TERAGRID [PHY050026T] FX This work was supported under the National Science Foundation Grant No. CHE-0626111 and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Cooperative Agreement No. 70NANB5H1110. The TERAGRID Grant No. PHY050026T is acknowledged for computer time allocation. The authors at George Mason University gratefully acknowledge the Standard Reference Data Program of NIST for making available flat text files of the zeolite data set from the ICSD. NR 786 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 7 U2 39 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD SEP PY 2010 VL 39 IS 3 AR 033102 DI 10.1063/1.3432459 PG 45 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 657VI UT WOS:000282445700002 ER PT J AU Nikurashin, M Ferrari, R AF Nikurashin, Maxim Ferrari, Raffaele TI Radiation and Dissipation of Internal Waves Generated by Geostrophic Motions Impinging on Small-Scale Topography: Application to the Southern Ocean SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; TURBULENT DISSIPATION; ABYSSAL OCEAN; TRANSPORT; CAPTURE; ENERGY; MODEL; TIDES; SHEAR AB Recent estimates from observations and inverse models indicate that turbulent mixing associated with internal wave breaking is enhanced above rough topography in the Southern Ocean. In most regions of the ocean, abyssal mixing has been primarily associated with radiation and breaking of internal tides. In this study, it is shown that abyssal mixing in the Southern Ocean can be sustained by internal waves generated by geostrophic motions that dominate abyssal flows in this region. Theory and fully nonlinear numerical simulations are used to estimate the internal wave radiation and dissipation from lowered acoustic Doppler current profiler (LADCP), CTD, and topography data from two regions in the Southern Ocean: Drake Passage and the southeast Pacific. The results show that radiation and dissipation of internal waves generated by geostrophic motions reproduce the magnitude and distribution of dissipation previously inferred from finescale measurements in the region, suggesting that it is one of the primary drivers of abyssal mixing in the Southern Ocean. C1 [Nikurashin, Maxim; Ferrari, Raffaele] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Nikurashin, M (reprint author), Princeton Univ GFDL, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM man@alum.mit.edu RI Ferrari, Raffaele/C-9337-2013; Nikurashin, Maxim/J-3506-2013 OI Ferrari, Raffaele/0000-0002-3736-1956; FU National Science Foundation [OCE-6919248] FX We thank Eric Kunze, Kurt Polzin, and two anonymous reviewers for their useful comments. We thank Dr. Nycander for providing his tidal energy flux data. This research was supported by the National Science Foundation under Award OCE-6919248. NR 38 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 40 IS 9 BP 2025 EP 2042 DI 10.1175/2010JPO4315.1 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 654VK UT WOS:000282198900006 ER PT J AU Perez, RC Cronin, MF Kessler, WS AF Perez, Renellys C. Cronin, Meghan F. Kessler, William S. TI Tropical Cells and a Secondary Circulation near the Northern Front of the Equatorial Pacific Cold Tongue SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; LAYER HEAT-BALANCE; OCEAN MIXED-LAYER; INSTABILITY WAVES; SEASONAL CYCLE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; SUBTROPICAL CELL; LONG WAVES; ATLANTIC AB Shipboard measurements and a model are used to describe the mean structure of meridional-vertical tropical cells (TCs) in the central equatorial Pacific and a secondary circulation associated with the northern front of the cold tongue. The shape of the front is convoluted by the passage of tropical instability waves (TIWs). When velocities are averaged in a coordinate system centered on the instantaneous position of the northern front, the measurements show a near-surface minimum in northward flow north of the surface front (convergent flow near the front). This convergence and inferred downwelling extend below the surface mixed layer, tilt poleward with depth, and are meridionally bounded by regions of divergence and upwelling. Similarly, the model shows that, on average, surface cold tongue water moves northward toward the frontal region and dives below tilted front, whereas subsurface water north of the front moves southward toward the front, upwells, and then moves northward in the surface mixed layer. The model is used to demonstrate that this mean quasi-adiabatic secondary circulation is not a frozen field that migrates with the front but is instead highly dependent on the phase of the TIWs: southward-upwelling flow on the warm side of the front tends to occur when the front is displaced southward, whereas northward-downwelling flow on the cold side of the front occurs when the front is displaced northward. Consequently, when averaged in geographic coordinates, the observed and simulated TCs appear to be equatorially asymmetric and show little trace of a secondary circulation near the mean front. C1 [Perez, Renellys C.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Perez, Renellys C.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Cronin, Meghan F.; Kessler, William S.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Perez, RC (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM renellys.c.perez@noaa.gov RI Perez, Renellys/D-1976-2012 OI Perez, Renellys/0000-0002-4401-3853 FU NOAA/CPO; NRC FX The authors thank Greg Johnson and Chris Meinen for helpful discussion regarding the data analysis. We also thank Jules Hummon, Eric Firing, and Patrick Caldwell for providing data from the JASADCP archive. Comments from anonymous reviewers, Jaclyn Brown, Kelvin Richards, Eric Firing, Bob Molinari, and Sang-Ki Lee led to significant improvements in the paper. The authors were funded by NOAA/CPO, and this research was performed while RCP held an NRC Research Associateship Award at NOAA/PMEL. NR 54 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 40 IS 9 BP 2091 EP 2106 DI 10.1175/2010JPO4366.1 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 654VK UT WOS:000282198900010 ER PT J AU Long, DA Havey, DK Okumura, M Miller, CE Hodges, JT AF Long, D. A. Havey, D. K. Okumura, M. Miller, C. E. Hodges, J. T. TI O-2 A-band line parameters to support atmospheric remote sensing SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Oxygen; A-band; Galatry profile; Cavity ring-down spectroscopy; Remote sensing ID RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; HERMAN-WALLIS FACTORS; CW-CAVITY RING; HIGH-RESOLUTION; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; INTENSITY MEASUREMENTS; SCATTERING ATMOSPHERE; PRESSURE-SHIFT; HIGH-PRECISION AB Numerous satellite and ground-based remote sensing measurements rely on the ability to calculate O-2 A-band [b(1)Sigma(+)(g) <- X-3 Sigma(-)(g)(0,0)] spectra from line parameters, with combined relative uncertainties below 0.5% required for the most demanding applications. In this work, we combine new O-16(2) A-band R-branch measurements with our previous P-branch observations, both of which are based upon frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy. The combined set of data spans angular momentum quantum number, J' up to 46. For these measurements, we quantify a J-dependent quadratic deviation from a standard model of the rotational distribution of the line intensities. We provide calculated transition wave numbers, and intensities for J' up to 60. The calculated line intensities are derived from a weighted fit of the generalized model to an ensemble of data and agree with our measured values to within 0.1% on average, with a relative standard deviation of approximate to 0.3%. We identify an error in the calculated frequency dependence of the O-2 A-band line intensities in existing spectroscopic databases. Other reported lineshape parameters include a revised set of ground-state energies, self- and air-pressure-broadening coefficients and self- and air-Dicke-narrowing coefficients. We also report a band-integrated intensity at 296 K of 2.231(7) x 10(-22) cm molec(-1) and Einstein-A coefficient of 0.0869(3) s(-1). Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Havey, D. K.; Hodges, J. T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Long, D. A.; Okumura, M.] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Miller, C. E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Hodges, JT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.hodges@nist.gov RI Havey, Daniel/C-1997-2009; Okumura, Mitchio/I-3326-2013 OI Okumura, Mitchio/0000-0001-6874-1137 FU National Defense Science and Engineering; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD; Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO); NASA Earth System Science Pathfinder (ESSP) mission; NASA [NNG06GD88G, NNX09AE21G]; NIST Office of Microelectronics FX We thank Piotr Mastowski of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland for useful discussions regarding lineshape analysis. David A. Long was supported by the National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship. We acknowledge the National Research Council for awarding Daniel Havey a postdoctoral fellowship at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD. Part of the research described in this paper was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Additional support was provided by the Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO) project, a NASA Earth System Science Pathfinder (ESSP) mission; the NASA Upper Atmospheric Research Program grant NNG06GD88G and NNX09AE21G; and the NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs. NR 69 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 111 IS 14 BP 2021 EP 2036 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2010.05.011 PG 16 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 638IN UT WOS:000280887400001 ER PT J AU Anderson, DM Baulcomb, CK Duvivier, AK Gupta, AK AF Anderson, David M. Baulcomb, Corinne K. Duvivier, Alice K. Gupta, Anil K. TI Indian summer monsoon during the last two millennia SO JOURNAL OF QUATERNARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE monsoon; Holocene; Tropics; India; Arabian Sea ID ASIAN SOUTHWEST MONSOON; NORTH-ATLANTIC CLIMATE; LATE QUATERNARY; RAINFALL SERIES; ABRUPT CHANGES; HOLOCENE; OMAN; VARIABILITY; RECORD; OCEAN AB The monsoon is a large-scale feature of the tropical atmospheric circulation, affecting people and economies in the world's most densely populated regions. Future trends due to natural variability and human-induced climate changes are uncertain. Palaeoclimate records can improve our understanding of monsoon dynamics and thereby reduce this uncertainty. Palaeoclimate records have revealed a dramatic decrease in the Asian summer monsoon since the early Holocene maximum 9 ka BP. Here we focus on the last 2 ka, where some records indicate an increasing trend in the summer monsoon. Analysing Globigerina bulloides upwelling records from the Arabian Sea, we find the weakest monsoon occurred 1500 a BP, with an increasing trend towards the present. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Anderson, David M.; Baulcomb, Corinne K.; Duvivier, Alice K.] NOAAs Natl Climat Data Ctr, Paleoclimatol Branch, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Gupta, Anil K.] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Geol & Geophys, Kharagpur 721302, W Bengal, India. RP Anderson, DM (reprint author), NOAAs Natl Climat Data Ctr, Paleoclimatol Branch, 325 Broadway,E CC23, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM david.m.anderson@noaa.gov RI anderson, david/E-6416-2011 NR 33 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 17 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0267-8179 J9 J QUATERNARY SCI JI J. Quat. Sci. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 25 IS 6 BP 911 EP 917 DI 10.1002/jqs.1369 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 650OL UT WOS:000281858800009 ER PT J AU Muralikrishnan, B Blackburn, C Sawyer, D Phillips, S Bridges, R AF Muralikrishnan, B. Blackburn, C. Sawyer, D. Phillips, S. Bridges, R. TI Measuring Scale Errors in a Laser Tracker's Horizontal Angle Encoder Through Simple Length Measurement and Two-Face System Tests SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ASME B89.4.19; encoder scale error; geometric misalignment; laser tracker; second order harmonic AB We describe a method to estimate the scale errors in the horizontal angle encoder of a laser tracker in this paper. The method does not require expensive instrumentation such as a rotary stage or even a calibrated artifact. An uncalibrated but stable length is realized between two targets mounted on stands that are at tracker height. The tracker measures the distance between these two targets from different azimuthal positions (say, in intervals of 20 degrees over 360 degrees). Each target is measured in both front face and back face. Low order harmonic scale errors can be estimated from this data and may then be used to correct the encoder's error map to improve the tracker's angle measurement accuracy. We have demonstrated this for the second order harmonic in this paper. It is important to compensate for even order harmonics as their influence cannot be removed by averaging front face and back face measurements whereas odd orders can be removed by averaging. We tested six trackers from three different manufacturers. Two of those trackers are newer models introduced at the time of writing of this paper. For older trackers from two manufacturers, the length errors in a 7.75 m horizontal length placed 7 m away from a tracker were of the order of +/- 65 mu m before correcting the error map. They reduced to less than +/- 25 mu m after correcting the error map for second order scale errors. Newer trackers from the same manufacturers did not show this error. An older tracker from a third manufacturer also did not show this error. C1 [Muralikrishnan, B.; Blackburn, C.; Sawyer, D.; Phillips, S.] NIST, Div Precis Engn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bridges, R.] FARO Technol, Kennett Sq, PA 19348 USA. RP Muralikrishnan, B (reprint author), NIST, Div Precis Engn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bala.muralikrishnan@nist.gov; christopher.blackburn@nist.gov; daniel.sawyer@nist.gov; steven.phillips@nist.gov; robert.bridges@faro.com NR 4 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 115 IS 5 BP 291 EP 301 DI 0.6028/jres.115.022 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 660NW UT WOS:000282651300001 PM 27134789 ER PT J AU Marshall, J Allen, RA McGray, CD Geist, J AF Marshall, Janet Allen, Richard A. McGray, Craig D. Geist, Jon TI MEMS Young's Modulus and Step Height Measurements With Round Robin Results SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE interferometry; microelectro-mechanical systems; round robin; standard test methods; step height; test structure; vibrometry; Young's modulus AB This paper presents the results of a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) Young's modulus and step height round robin experiment, completed in April 2009, which compares Young's modulus and step height measurement results at a number of laboratories. The purpose of the round robin was to provide data for the precision and bias statements of two \ related Semiconductor Equipment and Materials International (SEMI) standard test methods for MEMS. The technical basis for the test methods on Young's modulus and step height measurements are also provided in this paper. Using the same test method, the goal of the round robin was to assess the repeatability of measurements at one laboratory, by the same operator, with the same equipment, in the shortest practical period of time as well as the reproducibility of measurements with independent data sets from unique combinations of measurement setups and researchers. Both the repeatability and reproducibility measurements were done on random test structures made of the same homogeneous material. The average repeatability Young's modulus value (as obtained from resonating oxide cantilevers) was 64.2 GPa with 95 % limits of +/- 10.3 % and an average combined standard uncertainty value of 3.1 GPa. The average reproducibility Young's modulus value was 62.8 GPa with 95 % limits of +/- 11.0 % and an average combined standard uncertainty value of 3.0 GPa. The average repeatability step height value (for a metal2-over-poly1 step from active area to field oxide) was 0.477 mu m with 95 % limits of 7.9 % and an average combined standard uncertainty value of 0.014 mu m. The average reproducibility step height value was 0.481 mu m with 95 % limits of +/- 6.2 % and an average combined standard uncertainty value of 0.014 mu m. In summary, this paper demonstrates that a reliable methodology can be used to measure Young's modulus and step height. Furthermore, a micro and nano technology (MNT) 5-in-1 standard reference material (SRM) can be used by industry to compare their in-house measurements using this methodology with NIST measurements thereby validating their use of the documentary standards. C1 [Marshall, Janet; Allen, Richard A.; McGray, Craig D.; Geist, Jon] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Marshall, J (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM janet.marshall@nist.gov; richard.allen@nist.gov; craig.mcgray@nist.gov; jon.geist@nist.gov FU Office of Microelectronics Programs FX And lastly, an acknowledgment to Dr. Michael Gaitan (Enabling Devices and ICs Group Leader) and the Office of Microelectronics Programs for supporting this work. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 115 IS 5 BP 303 EP 342 DI 0.6028/jres.115.023 PG 40 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 660NW UT WOS:000282651300002 PM 27134790 ER PT J AU Quinn, JB Quinn, GD Sundar, V AF Quinn, Janet B. Quinn, George D. Sundar, Veeraraghaven TI Fracture Toughness of Veneering Ceramics for Fused to Metal (PFM) and Zirconia Dental Restorative Materials SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dental restorations; fracture toughness; hardness; PFM; surface crack in flexure; veneering ceramic; zirconia ID FIXED PARTIAL DENTURES; SURFACE CRACK; PORCELAIN AB Veneering ceramics designed to be used with modern zirconia framework restorations have been reported to fracture occasionally in vivo. The fracture toughness of such veneering ceramics was measured and compared to that of conventional feldspathic porcelain veneering ceramics for metal framework restorations. The fracture toughness of the leucite free veneer was measured to be 0.73 MPa m + 0.02 MPa m, which is less than that for the porcelain fused to metal (PFM) veneering ceramic: 1.10 MPa +/- 0.2 MPa. (Uncertainties are one standard deviation unless otherwise noted.) The surface crack in flexure (SCF) method was suitable for both materials, but precrack identification was difficult for the leucite containing feldspathic porcelain PFM veneer. C1 [Quinn, Janet B.; Quinn, George D.] NIST, Paffenberger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sundar, Veeraraghaven] Dentsply Prosthet, York, PA USA. RP Quinn, JB (reprint author), NIST, Paffenberger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM george.quinn@nist.gov; VeeraraghavenSundar@dentsply.com FU National Institute for Standards and Technology; American Dental Association Foundation; National Institute of Health [NIH R01-DE17983] FX This work was supported by National Institute for Standards and Technology, American Dental Association Foundation and National Institute of Health with grant NIH R01-DE17983. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 12 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 115 IS 5 BP 343 EP 352 DI 0.6028/jres.115.024 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 660NW UT WOS:000282651300003 PM 21833158 ER PT J AU Ricker, RE Myneni, GR AF Ricker, R. E. Myneni, G. R. TI Evaluation of the Propensity of Niobium to Absorb Hydrogen During Fabrication of Superconducting Radio Frequency Cavities for Particle Accelerators SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE corrosion; diffusion; electropolishing; fabrication; hydrogen absorption; niobium; particle accelerator cavities; superconducting radio frequency ID SALT FILMS; IRON; IMPEDANCE; CORROSION; ELECTROLYTES; MECHANISM; EVOLUTION; ALUMINUM; KINETICS; METALS AB During the fabrication of niobium superconducting radio frequency (SRF) particle accelerator cavities procedures are used that chemically or mechanically remove the passivating surface film of niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5). Removal of this film will expose the underlying niobium metal and allow it to react with the processing environment. If these reactions produce hydrogen at sufficient concentrations and rates, then hydrogen will be absorbed and diffuse into the metal. High hydrogen activities could result in supersaturation and the nucleation of hydride phases. If the metal repassivates at the conclusion of the processing step and the passive film blocks hydrogen egress, then the absorbed hydrogen or hydrides could be retained and alter the performance of the metal during subsequent processing steps or in-service. This report examines the feasibility of this hypothesis by first identifying the postulated events, conditions, and reactions and then determining if each is consistent with accepted scientific principles, literature, and data. Established precedent for similar events in other systems was found in the scientific literature and thermodynamic analysis found that the postulated reactions were not only energetically favorable, but produced large driving forces. The hydrogen activity or fugacity required for the reactions to be at equilibrium was determined to indicate the propensity for hydrogen evolution, absorption, and hydride nucleation. The influence of processing conditions and kinetics on the proximity of hydrogen surface coverage to these theoretical values is discussed. This examination found that the hypothesis of hydrogen absorption during SRF processing is consistent with published scientific literature and thermodynamic principles. C1 [Ricker, R. E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Myneni, G. R.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Ricker, RE (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM richard.ricker@nist.gov; rao@jlab.org RI Ricker, Richard/H-4880-2011 OI Ricker, Richard/0000-0002-2871-4908 NR 67 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 115 IS 5 BP 353 EP 371 DI 0.6028/jres.115.025 PG 19 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 660NW UT WOS:000282651300004 PM 27134791 ER PT J AU Ricker, RE AF Ricker, Richard E. TI Analysis of Pipeline Steel Corrosion Data From NBS (NIST) Studies Conducted Between 1922-1940 and Relevance to Pipeline Management SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE corrosion; pipeline; pipeline corrosion allowance; pitting; statistics; steel AB Between 1911 and 1984, the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) conducted a large number of corrosion studies that included the measurement of corrosion damage to samples exposed to real-world environments. One of these studies was an investigation conducted between 1922 and 1940 into the corrosion of bare steel and wrought iron pipes buried underground at 47 different sites representing different soil types across the Unites States. At the start of this study, very little was known about the corrosion of ferrous alloys underground. The objectives of this study were to determine (i) if coatings would be required to prevent corrosion, and (ii) if soil properties could be used to predict corrosion and determine when coatings would be required. While this study determined very quickly that coatings would be required for some soils, it found that the results were so divergent that even generalities based on this data must be drawn with care. The investigators concluded that so many diverse factors influence corrosion rates underground that planning of proper tests and interpretation of the results were matters of considerable difficulty and that quantitative interpretations or extrapolations could be done "only in approximate fashion" and attempted only in the "restricted area" of the tests until more complete information is available. Following the passage of the Pipeline Safety Improvement Act in 2002 and at the urging of the pipeline industry, the Office of Pipeline Safety of the U. S. Department of Transportation approached the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NBS became NIST in 1988) and requested that the data from this study be reexamined to determine if the information handling and analysis capabilities of modern computers and software could enable the extraction of more meaningful information from these data. This report is a summary of the resulting investigations. The data from the original NBS studies were analyzed using a variety of commercially available software packages for statistical analysis. The emphasis was on identifying trends in the data that could be later exploited in the development of an empirical model for predicting the range of expected corrosion behavior for any given set of soil chemistry and conditions. A large number of issues were identified with this corrosion dataset, but given the limited knowledge of corrosion and statistical analysis at the time the study was conducted, these shortcomings are not surprising and many of these were recognized by the investigators before the study was concluded. However, it is important to keep in mind that complete soil data is provided for less than half of the sites in this study. In agreement with the initial study, it was concluded that any differences in the corrosion behavior of the alloys could not be resolved due to the scatter in the results from the environmental factors and no significant difference could be determined between alloys. Linear regression and curve fitting of the corrosion damage measurements against the measured soil composition and properties found some weak trends. These trends improved with multiple regression, and empirical equations representing the performance of the samples in the tests were developed with uncertainty estimates. The uncertainties in these empirical models for the corrosion data were large, and extrapolation beyond the parameter space or exposure times of these experiments will create additional uncertainties. It is concluded that equations for the estimation of corrosion damage distributions and rates can be developed from these data, but these models will always have relatively large uncertainties that will limit their utility. These uncertainties result from the scatter in the measurements due to annual, seasonal, and sample position dependent variations at the burial sites. The data indicate that more complete datasets with soil property measurements reflecting the properties of the soil and ground water directly in contact with the sample from statistically designed experiments would greatly reduce this scatter and enable more representative predictions. C1 NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ricker, RE (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM richard.ricker@nist.gov RI Ricker, Richard/H-4880-2011 OI Ricker, Richard/0000-0002-2871-4908 NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 115 IS 5 BP 373 EP 392 DI 0.6028/jres.115.026 PG 20 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 660NW UT WOS:000282651300005 PM 27134792 ER PT J AU Stroud, JR Stein, ML Lesht, BM Schwab, DJ Beletsky, D AF Stroud, Jonathan R. Stein, Michael L. Lesht, Barry M. Schwab, David J. Beletsky, Dmitry TI An Ensemble Kalman Filter and Smoother for Satellite Data Assimilation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Circulant embedding; Covariance tapering; Gaussian random field; Nonlinear state-space model; Spatial statistics; Spatio-temporal model; Variogram ID SEQUENTIAL DATA ASSIMILATION; SPACE-TIME MODELS; OZONE DATA; STATE AB This paper proposes a methodology for combining satellite images with advection-diffusion models for interpolation and prediction of environmental processes. We propose a dynamic state-space model and an ensemble Kalman filter and smoothing algorithm for on-line and retrospective state estimation. Our approach addresses the high dimensionality, measurement bias, and nonlinearities inherent in satellite data. We apply the method to a sequence of SeaWiFS satellite images in Lake Michigan from March 1998, when a large sediment plume was observed in the images following a major storm event. Using our approach, we combine the images with a sediment transport model to produce maps of sediment concentrations and uncertainties over space and time. We show that our approach improves out-of-sample RMSE by 20%-30% relative to standard approaches. This article has supplementary material online. C1 [Stroud, Jonathan R.] George Washington Univ, Dept Stat, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Stein, Michael L.] Univ Chicago, Dept Stat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Lesht, Barry M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Schwab, David J.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Beletsky, Dmitry] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Stroud, JR (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Stat, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM stroud@gwu.edu RI Schwab, David/B-7498-2012; OI Lesht, Barry/0000-0003-0801-4290; Beletsky, Dmitry/0000-0003-4532-0588 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [R-82940201] FX Jonathan R. Stroud is Associate Professor, Department of Statistics, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052 (E-mail: stroud@gwu.edu). Michael L. Stein is Ralph and Mary Otis Isham Professor. Department of Statistics. University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637. Barry M. Lesht is Adjunct Professor, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences. University of Illinois at Chicago. Chicago, IL 60607. David J. Schwab is Physical Oceanographer. Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Ann Arbor, MI 48108. Dmitry Beletsky is Associate Research Scientist. Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research, School of Natural Resources and Environment. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109. Funding was provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through STAR Cooperative Agreement R-82940201 to the University of Chicago. However, this research has not been subjected to the EPA's required peer and policy review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. The authors are grateful to NASA for providing the SeaWiFS data and the SeaDAS processing software, and to NOAA for providing the in situ data through the EEGLE Project and the Coastal Ocean Program. The authors thank the editor, associate editor, and two referees for their suggestions which greatly improved the manuscript, and Chris Wikle, Bruno Sanso, and Lurdes Inoue for helpful comments. NR 38 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 732 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1943 USA SN 0162-1459 J9 J AM STAT ASSOC JI J. Am. Stat. Assoc. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 105 IS 491 BP 978 EP 990 DI 10.1198/jasa.2010.ap07636 PG 13 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 673WQ UT WOS:000283695300011 ER PT J AU Luo, DH Zhu, ZH Ren, RC Zhong, LH Wang, CZ AF Luo, Dehai Zhu, Zhihui Ren, Rongcai Zhong, Linhao Wang, Chunzai TI Spatial Pattern and Zonal Shift of the North Atlantic Oscillation. Part I: A Dynamical Interpretation SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY DIPOLE MODES; SEA-ICE EXPORT; GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT; EASTWARD SHIFT; 2 PARADIGMS; NAO; HEMISPHERE; PROPAGATION; VARIABILITY; ATMOSPHERE AB This paper presents a possible dynamical explanation for why the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) pattern exhibits an eastward shift from the period 1958-77 (P1) to the period 1978-97 (P2) or 1998-2007 (P3). First, the empirical orthogonal function analysis of winter mean geopotential heights during P1, P2, and P3 reveals that the NAO dipole anomaly exhibits a northwest southeast (NW SE) tilting during PI but a northeast southwest (NE-SW) tilting during P2 and P3. The NAO pattern, especially its northern center, undergoes a more pronounced eastward shift from P1 to P2. The composite calculation of NAO events during P1 and P2 also indicates that the negative (positive) NAO phase dipole anomaly can indeed exhibit such a NW-SE (NE-SW) tilting. Second, a linear Rossby wave formula derived in a slowly varying basic flow with a meridional shear is used to qualitatively show that the zonal phase speed of the NAO dipole anomaly is larger (smaller) in higher latitudes and smaller (larger) in lower latitudes during the life cycle of the positive (negative) NAO phases because the core of the Atlantic jet is shifted to the north (south). Such a phase speed distribution tends to cause the different movement speeds of the NAO dipole anomaly at different latitudes, thus resulting in the different spatial tilting of the NAO dipole anomaly depending on the phase of the NAO. The zonal displacement of the northern center of the NAO pattern appears to be more pronounced because the change of the mean flow between two phases of the NAO is more distinct in higher latitudes than in lower latitudes. In addition, a weakly nonlinear analytical solution, based on the assumption of the scale separation between the NAO anomaly and transient synoptic-scale waves, is used to demonstrate that an eastward shift of the Atlantic storm-track eddy activity that is associated with the eastward extension of the Atlantic jet stream is a possible cause of the whole eastward shift of the center of action of the NAO pattern during P2/P3. C1 [Luo, Dehai; Zhu, Zhihui] Ocean Univ China, Coll Phys & Environm Oceanog, Phys Oceanog Lab, Qingdao 266003, Peoples R China. [Ren, Rongcai] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, LASG, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Zhong, Linhao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, LACS, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Wang, Chunzai] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Luo, DH (reprint author), Ocean Univ China, Coll Phys & Environm Oceanog, Phys Oceanog Lab, Qingdao 266003, Peoples R China. EM ldh@ouc.edu.cn RI REN, R.-C./I-8656-2012; Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009 OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308 FU National Science Foundation [40921004]; FANEDD; Chinese Ministry of Education [B07036] FX The authors acknowledge the support from the National Science Foundation Innovation Group Program (40921004), Taishan Scholar funding, FANEDD, and the Chinese Ministry of Education's 111 Project (B07036). The authors thank Prof. Feldstein and Prof. Mu Mu for their insightful discussions on this work. We are also grateful to Prof. Dennis Hartmann and three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions. NR 42 TC 14 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 67 IS 9 BP 2805 EP 2826 DI 10.1175/2010JAS3345.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 655LL UT WOS:000282251400007 ER PT J AU Luo, DH Zhong, LH Ren, RC Wang, CZ AF Luo, Dehai Zhong, Linhao Ren, Rongcai Wang, Chunzai TI Spatial Pattern and Zonal Shift of the North Atlantic Oscillation. Part II: Numerical Experiments SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LOW-FREQUENCY VARIABILITY; SEA-ICE EXPORT; EASTWARD SHIFT; DIPOLE MODES; NAO; DYNAMICS; CIRCULATION; BLOCKING; EDDIES; LINK AB In this part, the spatial evolution of an initial dipole anomaly in a prescribed jet is at first investigated by numerically solving linear and nonlinear models without forcing in order to examine how the spatial pattern of a dipole anomaly depends on the meridional distribution of a specified jet. It is shown that in a linear experiment an initial symmetric dipole anomaly in the meridional direction can evolve into a northeast southwest (NE-SW) or northwest southeast (NW-SE) tilted dipole structure if the core of this jet is in higher latitudes (the north) or in lower latitudes (the south). This is in agreement with the result predicted by the linear Rossby wave theory in slowly varying media. The conclusion also holds for the nonlinear and unforced experiment. North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) events are then reproduced in a fully nonlinear barotropic model with a wavemaker that mimics the Atlantic storm-track eddy activity. In the absence of topography the spatial tilting of the eddy-driven NAO pattern is found to be independent of the NAO phase. The eddy-driven NAO pattern for the positive (negative) phase can exhibit a NE SW (NW SE) tilting only when the core of a prescribed jet prior to the NAO is confined in the higher latitude (lower latitude) region. However, in the presence of the wavenumber-2 topography (two oceans and continents) in the Northern Hemisphere the spatial tilting of the eddy-driven NAO dipole anomaly can be dependent on the NAO phase. Even when the specified basic flow prior to the NAO is uniform, the eddy-driven positive (negative) NAO phase dipole anomaly can also show a NE-SW (NW-SE) tilting because the northward (southward) shift of the excited westerly jet can occur in the presence of topography. In addition, it is found that when the wavemaker is closer to the position of the initial NAO, the eddy-driven positive (negative) NAO phase pattern can display a whole eastward shift and a more distinct NE SW (NW SE) tilting. This thus explains why the first empirical orthogonal function of the NAO pattern observed during 1998-2007 exhibits a more pronounced NE SW tilting than during 1978-97. It appears that the latitudinal shift of the jet, the large-scale topography, and the zonal position of the Atlantic storm-track eddy activity are three important factors for controlling the spatial tilting and zonal shift of eddy-driven NAO dipole anomalies. C1 [Luo, Dehai] Ocean Univ China, Coll Phys & Environm Oceanog, Phys Oceanog Lab, Qingdao 266003, Peoples R China. [Zhong, Linhao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, LACS, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Ren, Rongcai] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, LASG, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Wang, Chunzai] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Luo, DH (reprint author), Ocean Univ China, Coll Phys & Environm Oceanog, Phys Oceanog Lab, Qingdao 266003, Peoples R China. EM ldh@ouc.edu.cn RI REN, R.-C./I-8656-2012; Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009 OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308 FU National Science Foundation [40921004]; Chinese Ministry of Education [B07036]; NSFC [40705016] FX The authors acknowledge the support from the National Science Foundation Innovation Group Program (40921004), Taishan Scholar funding, FANEDD, the Chinese Ministry of Education's lit Project (B07036), and NSFC (40705016). We are also grateful to three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 67 IS 9 BP 2827 EP 2853 DI 10.1175/2010JAS3340.1 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 655LL UT WOS:000282251400008 ER PT J AU Mansell, ER AF Mansell, Edward R. TI On Sedimentation and Advection in Multimoment Bulk Microphysics SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MIXED-PHASE CLOUDS; CONVECTIVE STORMS; PARAMETERIZATION; SCHEME; SIMULATION; THUNDERSTORM; MODEL; ELECTRIFICATION; EVOLUTION; GROWTH AB In two-moment bulk microphysics schemes, the practice of using different weighted fall velocities for the various moments is known to lead to artificial growth in reflectivity values for fast-falling particles, particularly at the downward leading edge of a precipitation column. Two simple correction schemes that prevent these artifacts while still allowing some effects of size sorting are presented. The corrections are obtained by comparing particle number concentrations that result from two or three different sedimentation calculations. The corrections do not conserve particle number concentrations but do prevent spurious reflectivity growth automatically without the need to place ad hoc limits on mean particle size. Multimoment bulk microphysics schemes often have used inconsistent variables in terms of the appropriate advection equation (e.g., mass mixing ratio and particle number concentration). A brief review of consistent advection and turbulent mixing for such variables is presented to provide clarification. C1 [Mansell, Edward R.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Mansell, ER (reprint author), NSSL Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM ted.mansell@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0119398, ATM-0451639]; NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227]; U.S. Department of Commerce FX Support for this research was provided under National Science Foundation Grants ATM-0119398 and ATM-0451639. Funding was provided by the NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, U.S. Department of Commerce. The author thanks Dr. Louis Wicker for comments and suggestions on the manuscript and for sharing expertise in advection schemes. Likewise Drs. Conrad Ziegler and Daniel Dawson are appreciated for informal contributions. Two anonymous reviewers are very much appreciated for comments that resulted in an improved and more comprehensive manuscript. The cloud model was run in MPI (Message-Passing Interface) parallel mode thanks primarily to the efforts of Allison Silveira. NR 28 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 67 IS 9 BP 3084 EP 3094 DI 10.1175/2010JAS3341.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 655LL UT WOS:000282251400024 ER PT J AU Tao, L Yang, S Lu, WS AF Tao Li Yang, Song Lu Wei-song TI 20 TO 30-DAY AND 30 TO 60-DAY OSCILLATIONS IN ASSIMILATED GLOBAL DATASETS USING TRMM RAINFALL OBSERVATIONS SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE 20 to 30-day oscillation; 30 to 60-day oscillation; GEOS data assimilation system; Kelvin wave; TRMM precipitation ID SUMMER INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; LOW-FREQUENCY VARIABILITY; AIR-SEA INTERACTION; TROPICAL ATMOSPHERE; PACIFIC; MODEL; WAVES; MODULATION; MECHANISMS AB The influences of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation products on the structure and underlying physics of intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) are investigated with the U. S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Earth Observing System model version 3 (GEOS-3) data assimilation system (DAS). The strong ISO phase in the 1998 summer is apparently located in the Asian monsoon region and the east equatorial Pacific region. The eastward propagation is a dominant feature for the tropical ISO at 20 to 30-day oscillation while the northeastward propagation is the salient ISO at 30 to 60-day oscillation over the 10 degrees N to 25 degrees N belt region. It appears that the Kelvin wave structure is for the tropical 20 to 30-day oscillation. The tropical 30 to 60-day oscillation has the characteristics of the Kelvin-Rossby wave. The impact of satellite-derived precipitation (and its associated latent heating) on the ISO intensity is limited in the GEOS-3 assimilation system. However, its impact on the ISO spatial structures is obvious. Overall, the results demonstrate a better eastward propagation and a northward propagation of ISO with the TRMM precipitation simulation, indicating that latent heating is very important in exciting the equatorial ISO. C1 [Tao Li; Lu Wei-song] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Minist Educ, Nanjing 210044, Peoples R China. [Yang, Song] NOAA, IM Syst Grp, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Tao, L (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Minist Educ, Nanjing 210044, Peoples R China. EM taoli@nuist.edu.cn FU Qing Lan Project; Special Public Sector Research [GYHY200806009]; NASA Global Water and Energy Cycle [NNG04G098G] FX Qing Lan Project and a Special Public Sector Research (GYHY200806009); The authors wish to thank Dr. Arthur Hou and Derek Van Pelt at NASA/GSFC for providing the GEOS-3 assimilated datasets for this study. Dr. Erich Stocker and his colleagues at TRMM Science Data and Information System (TSDIS) kindly supported the TRMM precipitation products. The observational OLR from NOAA and ECMWF analysis datasets are highly appreciated. The second author was funded by the NASA Global Water and Energy Cycle project with a grant NNG04G098G. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOURNAL OF TROPICAL METEOROLOGICAL PRESS PI GUANGZHOU PA 6 FU JIN RD, GUANGZHOU, 510080, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1006-8775 J9 J TROP METEOROL JI J. Trop. Meteorol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 16 IS 3 BP 210 EP 220 DI 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8775.2010.03.002 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 654AK UT WOS:000282140300002 ER PT J AU Perera, GM Stein, GE Liddle, JA AF Perera, Ginusha M. Stein, Gila E. Liddle, J. Alexander TI Spatial coherence in electron-beam patterning SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article DE electron beam lithography; random noise; scanning electron microscopy; X-ray diffraction ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; LITHOGRAPHY; METROLOGY; ARRAYS; ANGLE AB The authors demonstrate a simple method to identify noise sources in electron-beam systems and accurately quantify the resulting errors in feature placement. Line gratings with a 46 nm average pitch were patterned with electron-beam lithography and measured with transmission x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All SEM micrographs were analyzed in Fourier space to facilitate comparison with the XRD data. Diffraction profiles and Fourier transforms of SEM micrographs contained numerous "satellite" peaks, meaning weak peaks adjacent to the strong primary nodes, that are characteristic of periodic extensions and compressions in the grating pitch. The wavelength and amplitude of these pitch variations were calculated with a simple scaling law by comparing the positions and intensities of satellite peaks relative to their neighboring primary nodes. This approach is remarkably easy to implement because it does not require any modeling of electron density profiles. Data were used to calculate the frequency of each noise source and the resulting variations in the grating pitch. Two persistent noise frequencies were detected in the tool studied, (62 +/- 2) Hz and (86 +/- 3) Hz, and the tool manufacturer identified likely noise sources as electromagnetic and mechanical in nature, respectively. The 60 Hz noise produced errors in a 46 nm grating pitch of 3 sigma=1.5 nm, where sigma is the standard deviation in the grating pitch. Errors due to the 86 Hz noise ranged from 3 sigma=1.5 to 2.5 nm. Variations of these magnitudes can be expected to have adverse effects on coupling efficiencies, cavity quality factors, and center wavelength values in photonic devices. (C) 2010 American Vacuum Society. [DOI: 10.1116/1.3490407] C1 [Perera, Ginusha M.; Stein, Gila E.] Univ Houston, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Liddle, J. Alexander] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stein, GE (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM gestein@uh.edu RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013; Stein, Gila/P-1927-2016 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910; Stein, Gila/0000-0002-3973-4496 FU NSF [0927147]; UH [98520]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors appreciate financial support from the NSF ENG EEC/ECCS Program under Award No. 0927147 and the UH GEAR Program under Award No. 98520. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Research was performed in part at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. The authors thank W. L. Wu and C. Q. Wang for helpful discussions. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 28 IS 5 BP 1048 EP 1055 DI 10.1116/1.3490407 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 657TH UT WOS:000282434900031 ER PT J AU Liao, ZH Hong, Y Wang, J Fukuoka, H Sassa, K Karnawati, D Fathani, F AF Liao, Zonghu Hong, Yang Wang, Jun Fukuoka, Hiroshi Sassa, Kyoji Karnawati, Dwikorita Fathani, Faisal TI Prototyping an experimental early warning system for rainfall-induced landslides in Indonesia using satellite remote sensing and geospatial datasets SO LANDSLIDES LA English DT Article DE Landslide; Rainfall; Warning system; Indonesia ID SHALLOW LANDSLIDES AB An early warning system has been developed to predict rainfall-induced shallow landslides over Java Island, Indonesia. The prototyped early warning system integrates three major components: (1) a susceptibility mapping and hotspot identification component based on a land surface geospatial database (topographical information, maps of soil properties, and local landslide inventory, etc.); (2) a satellite-based precipitation monitoring system (http://trmm.gsfc.nasa.gov) and a precipitation forecasting model (i.e., Weather Research Forecast); and (3) a physically based, rainfall-induced landslide prediction model SLIDE. The system utilizes the modified physical model to calculate a factor of safety that accounts for the contribution of rainfall infiltration and partial saturation to the shear strength of the soil in topographically complex terrains. In use, the land-surface "where" information will be integrated with the "when" rainfall triggers by the landslide prediction model to predict potential slope failures as a function of time and location. In this system, geomorphologic data are primarily based on 30-m Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data, digital elevation model (DEM), and 1-km soil maps. Precipitation forcing comes from both satellite-based, real-time National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), and Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) model forecasts. The system's prediction performance has been evaluated using a local landslide inventory, and results show that the system successfully predicted landslides in correspondence to the time of occurrence of the real landslide events. Integration of spatially distributed remote sensing precipitation products and in-situ datasets in this prototype system enables us to further develop a regional, early warning tool in the future for predicting rainfall-induced landslides in Indonesia. C1 [Liao, Zonghu; Hong, Yang; Wang, Jun] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Fukuoka, Hiroshi] Kyoto Univ, Kyoto Univ Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Kyoto, Japan. [Sassa, Kyoji] Int Consortium Landslides, Kyoto, Japan. [Karnawati, Dwikorita; Fathani, Faisal] Univ Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. [Hong, Yang] Natl Weather Ctr, Ctr Nat Hazard & Disaster Res, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Wang, Jun] Chinese Acad Sci, Nansen Zhu Int Res Ctr, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Hong, Y (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM yanghong@ou.edu RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X FU NASA [IPL C105] FX Support for this study from NASA Headquarter Applied Science Program and International Programme on Landslides (IPL C105: Early Warning of Landslides) are acknowledged for providing in situ landslide inventory data and field investigation. We also thank the satellite remote sensing from NASA and USGS. NR 15 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 5 U2 36 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1612-510X J9 LANDSLIDES JI Landslides PD SEP PY 2010 VL 7 IS 3 BP 317 EP 324 DI 10.1007/s10346-010-0219-7 PG 8 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 637VA UT WOS:000280845600009 ER PT J AU Wynne, TT Stumpf, RP Tomlinson, MC Dyble, J AF Wynne, Timothy T. Stumpf, Richard P. Tomlinson, Michelle C. Dyble, Julianne TI Characterizing a cyanobacterial bloom in western Lake Erie using satellite imagery and meteorological data SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SAGINAW BAY; MICROCYSTIN CONCENTRATIONS; IMAGING SPECTROMETER; GREAT-LAKES; LANDSAT-TM; WATER; CHLOROPHYLL; HURON; NM; TEMPERATURE AB The distribution and intensity of a bloom of the toxic cyanobacterium, Microcystis aeruginosa, in western Lake Erie was characterized using a combination of satellite ocean-color imagery, field data, and meteorological observations. The bloom was first identified by satellite on 14 August 2008 and persisted for. 2 months. The distribution and intensity of the bloom was estimated using a satellite algorithm that is sensitive to near-surface concentrations of M. aeruginosa. Increases in both area and intensity were most pronounced for wind stress, 0.05 Pa. Area increased while intensity did not change for wind stresses of 0.05-0.1 Pa, and both decreased for wind stress. 0.1 Pa. The recovery in intensity at the surface after strong wind events indicated that high wind stress mixed the bloom through the water column and that it returned to the surface once mixing stopped. This interaction is consistent with the understanding of the buoyancy of these blooms. Cloud cover (reduced light) may have a weak influence on intensity during calm conditions. While water temperature remained. > 15 degrees C, the bloom intensified if there were calm conditions. For water temperature < 15 degrees C, the bloom subsided under similar conditions. As a result, wind stress needs to be considered when interpreting satellite imagery of these blooms. C1 [Wynne, Timothy T.; Stumpf, Richard P.; Tomlinson, Michelle C.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Dyble, Julianne] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Wynne, TT (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM Timothy.Wynne@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Center of Excellence for Great Lakes and Human Health; National Center for Environmental Health at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; NASA [NNH08ZDA001N, NNH09AL53I] FX Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer Instrument (MERIS) imagery was provided by the European Space Agency (Category-1 Proposal C1P.3975). Lee Wyrobek and Sander Robinson contributed to the field sampling and processing. Travis Briggs provided various contributions to this submission. We thank two anonymous reviewers whose comments greatly strengthened this paper. Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Center of Excellence for Great Lakes and Human Health, and through the National Center for Environmental Health at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and by the NASA Applied Science Program announcement NNH08ZDA001N under contract NNH09AL53I. NR 53 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 55 IS 5 BP 2025 EP 2036 DI 10.4319/lo.2010.55.5.2025 PG 12 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 673MI UT WOS:000283667100020 ER PT J AU Daly, EA Benkwitt, CE Brodeur, RD Litz, MNC Copeman, LA AF Daly, Elizabeth A. Benkwitt, Cassandra E. Brodeur, Richard D. Litz, Marisa N. C. Copeman, Louise A. TI Fatty acid profiles of juvenile salmon indicate prey selection strategies in coastal marine waters SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIEL FEEDING CHRONOLOGY; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; COD GADUS-MORHUA; COHO SALMON; LIPID-COMPOSITION; CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; SPECIES VARIABILITY; YELLOWTAIL FLOUNDER; LIMANDA-FERRUGINEA AB Juvenile salmon exhibit high growth rates upon their arrival into the marine environment. Dietary changes from freshwater and estuarine habitats to those derived from the marine environment may play an important role in ultimate adult survival. We measured the total lipid and fatty acid (FA) composition of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), coho salmon (O. kisutch), and 18 of their potential prey items sampled from coastal waters during their first few months at sea. Coho salmon had significant reductions in their lipid content (% wet weight) between May and June, likely due to early marine growth. We did not find a significant drop between May and June Chinook salmon lipid content, which may indicate an earlier ontogenetic selection to marine prey that are higher in lipids and essential fatty acids (EFAs). Juvenile salmon ate prey of both high and low lipids. Significant FA compositional changes occurred for both coho and Chinook salmon between May and June. In May, the FA profile of juvenile salmon, especially coho salmon, did not resemble their prey items; however, in June, there was a strong correlation between salmon and their common fish prey as determined by gut content analysis. Significant increases in the level of EFAs, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) accounted for the majority of the monthly differences in salmon tissue FA composition. In order for juvenile salmon to adequately meet their physiological requirements, they may have adapted to select advantageous prey with higher levels of EFAs, especially DHA, in order to rapidly increase their growth and ultimate survival. C1 [Daly, Elizabeth A.; Litz, Marisa N. C.; Copeman, Louise A.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Benkwitt, Cassandra E.] Aquat Farms, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Brodeur, Richard D.] NOAA, Estuarine & Ocean Ecol Program, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Daly, EA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, 2030 Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM elizabeth.daly@noaa.gov OI Benkwitt, Cassandra/0000-0001-6756-7958 FU Bonneville Power Administration; NOAA Fisheries FX The authors gratefully acknowledge C. Toole, L. Fitzgerald, and T. Auth for Weld sample collections. Thanks to the captains and crew of the research vessels who aided in collection of fish used in this study. We are grateful to R. Rasmussen for technical support and advice. This research was supported by funding from Bonneville Power Administration and NOAA Fisheries. Comments on early drafts of this paper were provided by L. Schauffler, R. Johnson, E. Casillas, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 56 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 157 IS 9 BP 1975 EP 1987 DI 10.1007/s00227-010-1466-9 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 639YI UT WOS:000281012700008 ER PT J AU McClain, CR Lundsten, L Barry, J DeVogelaere, A AF McClain, Craig R. Lundsten, Lonny Barry, James DeVogelaere, Andrew TI Assemblage structure, but not diversity or density, change with depth on a northeast Pacific seamount SO MARINE ECOLOGY-AN EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE LA English DT Article DE Alpha-diversity; assemblage structure; bathymetric; beta-diversity; density; species turnover ID DEEP-SEA BENTHOS; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; BATHYMETRIC PATTERNS; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; STANDING STOCK; DISTANCE DECAY; BODY-SIZE; GASTROPODS; ATLANTIC AB Although depth-related patterns in assemblage structure are documented in several deep-sea systems, variation in diversity, assemblage structure, and abundance with depth on individual seamounts remains unexplored. Knowledge of alpha- and beta-diversity on single seamounts is needed for any robust generalization about large-scale biodiversity patterns on seamounts. Here, we explore bathymetric variation in benthic megafauna, based on ROV video transects, on Davidson seamount (1246-3656 m) in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. We found that substantial change in assemblage structure can occur over vertical scales on an individual seamount. Changes of 50% in assemblage composition (beta-diversity, faunal turnover) were observed over as little as a similar to 1500 m depth interval down the flanks of the seamount, although bathymetric clines in composition were not uniform across major taxa. Diversity and density exhibit no consistent bathymetric pattern and can vary greatly on a single isobath. Our findings suggest that ecological and evolutionary processes may vary considerably on a single seamount. As such, seamounts should be viewed as patchworks of habitats where high beta-diversity may ultimately increase total biodiversity. C1 [McClain, Craig R.] Natl Evolutionary Synth Ctr, Durham, NC 27705 USA. [Lundsten, Lonny; Barry, James] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Monterey, CA USA. [DeVogelaere, Andrew] Monterey Bay Natl Marine Sanctuary, Monterey, CA USA. RP McClain, CR (reprint author), Natl Evolutionary Synth Ctr, 2024 W Main St, Durham, NC 27705 USA. EM cmcclain@nescent.org OI McClain, Craig/0000-0003-0574-428X FU Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute [200002, 900703, 900608]; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NSF) [EF-0423641]; CenSeam FX We thank the pilots of the ROV Tiburon and the crew of the RV Western Flyer. We are grateful for the assistance of Erica Burton, David Clague, and Linda Kuhnz. Michelle Gaither-McClain provided editorial assistance and loving patience with the first author. Four anonymous reviewers provided evaluations that strengthened the manuscript. The following taxonomic experts were consulted with: R. Lee for Actinopterygii, G. Cailliet for Actinopterygii, D. Pawson for Holothuroidea, G. Rouse for Polychaeta, S. Cairns for Octocorallia, H. Reiswig for Hexactinellida, W. Lee for Demospongiae, G. Williams for Octocorallia, C. Mah for Asteroidea, C. Messing for Crinoidea, and R. Mooi for Echinoidea. This work was supported by the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (projects 200002, 900703, 900608), and the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. CRM was supported by a Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute Postdoctoral Fellowship and the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NSF #EF-0423641) and a grant from the Census of Marine Life field project CenSeam (a global census of marine life on seamounts). NR 47 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0173-9565 J9 MAR ECOL-EVOL PERSP JI Mar. Ecol.-Evol. Persp. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 31 SU 1 BP 14 EP 25 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0485.2010.00367.x PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 649TO UT WOS:000281797000002 ER PT J AU Marks, KM Smith, WHF Sandwell, DT AF Marks, K. M. Smith, W. H. F. Sandwell, D. T. TI Evolution of errors in the altimetric bathymetry model used by Google Earth and GEBCO SO MARINE GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Errors; Satellite bathymetry; Bathymetric grids; Google Earth; GEBCO; Multibeam ID SHIP-BORNE PROFILES; SATELLITE ALTIMETRY; GLOBAL BATHYMETRY; SEAMOUNT TOPOGRAPHY; GRAVITY-ANOMALIES; PREDICTION; INVERSION; ACCURACY; GEOSAT AB We analyze errors in the global bathymetry models of Smith and Sandwell that combine satellite altimetry with acoustic soundings and shorelines to estimate depths. Versions of these models have been incorporated into Google Earth and the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO). We use Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) multibeam surveys not previously incorporated into the models as "ground truth" to compare against model versions 7.2 through 12.1, defining vertical differences as "errors." Overall error statistics improve over time: 50th percentile errors declined from 57 to 55 to 49 m, and 90th percentile errors declined from 257 to 235 to 219 m, in versions 8.2, 11.1 and 12.1. This improvement is partly due to an increasing number of soundings incorporated into successive models, and partly to improvements in the satellite gravity model. Inspection of specific sites reveals that changes in the algorithms used to interpolate across survey gaps with altimetry have affected some errors. Versions 9.1 through 11.1 show a bias in the scaling from gravity in milliGals to topography in meters that affected the 15-160 km wavelength band. Regionally averaged (> 160 km wavelength) depths have accumulated error over successive versions 9 through 11. These problems have been mitigated in version 12.1, which shows no systematic variation of errors with depth. Even so, version 12.1 is in some respects not as good as version 8.2, which employed a different algorithm. C1 [Marks, K. M.; Smith, W. H. F.] NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Sandwell, D. T.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Marks, KM (reprint author), NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Karen.Marks@noaa.gov RI Marks, Karen/F-5610-2010; Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011; Smith, Walter/F-5627-2010; OI Marks, Karen/0000-0001-6524-1495; Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611; Smith, Walter/0000-0002-8814-015X; Sandwell, David/0000-0001-5657-8707 NR 24 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3235 EI 1573-0581 J9 MAR GEOPHYS RES JI Mar. Geophys. Res. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 31 IS 3 BP 223 EP 238 DI 10.1007/s11001-010-9102-0 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography GA 682VY UT WOS:000284432300005 ER PT J AU Hannesson, R Herrick, SF AF Hannesson, Roegnvaldur Herrick, Samuel F., Jr. TI The value of Pacific sardine as forage fish SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Pacific sardine; Aquaculture; Forage fish; Ecosystem management; Transfer efficiency; California Current ID FISHERIES; AQUACULTURE; MANAGEMENT; CLIMATE AB This paper develops a simple bioeconomic model to investigate the economic and ecological issues associated with the commercial harvest of Pacific sardines relative to their value as forage for commercially, recreationally, and ecologically important predators in the California Current ecosystem. The model was used to evaluate how changes in the net per unit value of sardines, the net per unit value of sardine predators, and the transfer efficiency of predators affect the total net value of sardines, i.e. the net value of catches and the net value from sardine predation. Given recent market conditions for sardines and their commercial predators, and transfer efficiencies derived from predation data of the 1960s, it was found that the value of commercially caught predators and the efficiency by which they convert sardines to exploitable biomass were most important in determining the viability of the sardine fishery. The values assumed for predators that are not commercially caught were of no consequence under these conditions. Taking the value of sardines as forage into account does not necessarily mean an either-or situation for the fishery. As long as there is some measure of net value from the fishery and net value from predation, both benefit society at large. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Herrick, Samuel F., Jr.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Resources Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Hannesson, Roegnvaldur] Norwegian Sch Econ & Business Adm, NHH, NO-5045 Bergen, Norway. RP Herrick, SF (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Resources Div, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM rognvaldur.hannesson@nhh.no; sam.herrick@noaa.gov NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 34 IS 5 BP 935 EP 942 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2010.01.024 PG 8 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA 614BJ UT WOS:000279029700014 ER PT J AU Foley, MM Halpern, BS Micheli, F Armsby, MH Caldwell, MR Crain, CM Prahler, E Rohr, N Sivas, D Beck, MW Carr, MH Crowder, LB Duffy, JE Hacker, SD McLeod, KL Palumbi, SR Peterson, CH Regan, HM Ruckelshaus, MH Sandifer, PA Steneck, RS AF Foley, Melissa M. Halpern, Benjamin S. Micheli, Fiorenza Armsby, Matthew H. Caldwell, Margaret R. Crain, Caitlin M. Prahler, Erin Rohr, Nicole Sivas, Deborah Beck, Michael W. Carr, Mark H. Crowder, Larry B. Duffy, J. Emmett Hacker, Sally D. McLeod, Karen L. Palumbi, Stephen R. Peterson, Charles H. Regan, Helen M. Ruckelshaus, Mary H. Sandifer, Paul A. Steneck, Robert S. TI Guiding ecological principles for marine spatial planning SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Marine spatial planning; MSP; Ecosystem-based MSP; Ecological principles ID ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT; SEA USE MANAGEMENT; CORAL-REEF; FOOD WEBS; COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS; UPWELLING SYSTEM; TROPHIC CASCADES; PACIFIC-OCEAN; POPULATION CONNECTIVITY; FUNCTIONAL REDUNDANCY AB The declining health of marine ecosystems around the world is evidence that current piecemeal governance is inadequate to successfully support healthy coastal and ocean ecosystems and sustain human uses of the ocean. One proposed solution to this problem is ecosystem-based marine spatial planning (MSP), which is a process that informs the spatial distribution of activities in the ocean so that existing and emerging uses can be maintained, use conflicts reduced, and ecosystem health and services protected and sustained for future generations. Because a key goal of ecosystem-based MSP is to maintain the delivery of ecosystem services that humans want and need, it must be based on ecological principles that articulate the scientifically recognized attributes of healthy, functioning ecosystems. These principles should be incorporated into a decision-making framework with clearly defined targets for these ecological attributes. This paper identifies ecological principles for MSP based on a synthesis of previously suggested and/or operationalized principles, along with recommendations generated by a group of twenty ecologists and marine scientists with diverse backgrounds and perspectives on MSP. The proposed four main ecological principles to guide MSP maintaining or restoring: native species diversity, habitat diversity and heterogeneity, key species, and connectivity and two additional guidelines, the need to account for context and uncertainty, must be explicitly taken into account in the planning process. When applied in concert with social, economic, and governance principles, these ecological principles can inform the designation and siting of ocean uses and the management of activities in the ocean to maintain or restore healthy ecosystems, allow delivery of marine ecosystem services, and ensure sustainable economic and social benefits. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Foley, Melissa M.; Armsby, Matthew H.; Caldwell, Margaret R.; Prahler, Erin; Rohr, Nicole; Sivas, Deborah] Stanford Univ, Ctr Ocean Solut, Woods Inst Environm, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Foley, Melissa M.; Crain, Caitlin M.; Carr, Mark H.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Halpern, Benjamin S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Micheli, Fiorenza; Palumbi, Stephen R.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Rohr, Nicole] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Biol Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Beck, Michael W.] Nature Conservancy, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Crowder, Larry B.] Duke Univ, Ctr Marine Conservat, Beaufort, NC USA. [Duffy, J. Emmett] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA USA. [Hacker, Sally D.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [McLeod, Karen L.] Oregon State Univ, COMPASS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Peterson, Charles H.] Univ N Carolina Chapel Hill, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC USA. [Regan, Helen M.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Ruckelshaus, Mary H.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Sandifer, Paul A.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC USA. [Steneck, Robert S.] Univ Maine, Darling Marine Ctr, Sch Marine Sci, Walpole, ME 04573 USA. RP Foley, MM (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Ctr Ocean Solut, Woods Inst Environm, 99 Pacific St,Suite 155A, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM mmfoley@stanford.edu NR 147 TC 170 Z9 174 U1 10 U2 144 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 34 IS 5 BP 955 EP 966 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2010.02.001 PG 12 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA 614BJ UT WOS:000279029700016 ER PT J AU Williams, GD Levin, PS Palsson, WA AF Williams, Gregory D. Levin, Phillip S. Palsson, Wayne A. TI Rockfish in Puget Sound: An ecological history of exploitation SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Rockfish; Sebastes; Puget Sound; Historical fisheries; Exploitation; Ecosystem management ID MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; GENUS SEBASTES; FISHERIES; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; PACIFIC; JUVENILES; COMMUNITY; DYNAMICS; FUTURE AB In Puget Sound, WA (USA), rockfish (Sebastes spp.) have significantly declined in abundance, with multiple petitions to list individual species under the Endangered Species Act. In order to better understand the ecological legacy of rockfish fishing to the Puget Sound ecosystem, the local history of rockfish exploitation was reviewed, focusing on the socioeconomic forces and management decisions which influenced the trajectory of landings. Rockfish have always been harvested for human consumption in the region, but over time exploitation patterns have changed from an opportunistic subsistence activity by indigenous peoples, to a year-round target of commercial and recreational interests. Annual commercial and recreational harvests together peaked (almost 400 mt) in the early 1980s as anglers' attitudes changed, gear technology improved, rockfish became more familiar to the market, human population increased, and agency programs promoted fisheries to sustain employment. Rockfishes were generally not managed intensely or with conservation goals in mind until the late 1980s, in part due to scientific shortcomings and a lack of resources. By the time management actions were deemed necessary, the greatest harvest had already occurred. However, the low intrinsic productivity of most rockfish species suggests that the legacy of fishing will remain for years to come. As managers strive to restore the integrity and resilience of Puget Sound, they must realize the significance of historical fishery removals to the ecosystem and use the proper social and economic incentives to drive individual behavior toward these ecosystem goals. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Williams, Gregory D.] Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Levin, Phillip S.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Palsson, Wayne A.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Marine Resources Unit, Mill Creek, WA 98012 USA. RP Williams, GD (reprint author), Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM greg_williams@psmfc.org NR 73 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1010 EP 1020 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2010.02.008 PG 11 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA 614BJ UT WOS:000279029700022 ER PT J AU Waples, RS AF Waples, Robin S. TI Spatial-temporal stratifications in natural populations and how they affect understanding and estimation of effective population size SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE age structure; contemporary N(e); long-term N(e); metapopulation; migration ID OVERLAPPING GENERATIONS; SUBDIVIDED POPULATIONS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; STRUCTURED POPULATION; TIME DEPENDENCY; MIGRATION RATES; CONSERVATION; DIVERGENCE; VARIANCE AB The concept of effective population size (N(e)) is based on an elegantly simple idea which, however, rapidly becomes very complex when applied to most real-world situations. In natural populations, spatial and temporal stratifications create different classes of individuals with different vital rates, and this in turn affects (generally reduces) N(e) in complex ways. I consider how these natural stratifications influence our understanding of effective size and how to estimate it, and what the consequences are for conservation and management of natural populations. Important points that emerge include the following: The relative influences of local vs metapopulation N(e) depend on a variety of factors, including the time frame of interest. Levels of diversity in local populations are strongly influenced by even low levels of migration, so these measures are not reliable indicators of local N(e). For long-term effective size, obtaining a reliable estimate of mutation rate is the most important consideration; unless this is accomplished, estimates can be biased by orders of magnitude. At least some estimators of contemporary N(e) appear to be robust to relatively high (approximately 10%) equilibrium levels of migration, so under many realistic scenarios they might yield reliable estimates of local N(e). Age structure probably has little effect on long-term estimators of N(e) but can strongly influence contemporary estimates. More research is needed in several key areas: (i) to disentangle effects of selection and drift in metapopulations connected by intermediate levels of migration; (ii) to elucidate the relationship between N(b) (effective number of breeders per year) and N(e) per generation in age-structured populations; (iii) to perform rigorous sensitivity analyses of new likelihood and coalescent-based methods for estimating demographic and evolutionary histories. C1 NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Waples, RS (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM robin.waples@noaa.gov RI Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 FU National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (Durham, NC); National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (Santa Barbara, CA, USA) FX I thank Severine Vuilleumier, who made many useful suggestions and generously shared unpublished results, as well as two Italians from Argentina (Oscar Gaggiotti and Daniel Ruzzante) and three anonymous reviewers, who provided constructive comments on an earlier draft. This work also benefitted from discussions within the Genetic Monitoring (GeM) Working Group jointly supported by the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (Durham, NC) and the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (Santa Barbara, CA, USA). NR 62 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 10 IS 5 BP 785 EP 796 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02876.x PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 639TU UT WOS:000280998200004 PM 21565090 ER PT J AU Ploshay, JJ Lau, NC AF Ploshay, Jeffrey J. Lau, Ngar-Cheung TI Simulation of the Diurnal Cycle in Tropical Rainfall and Circulation during Boreal Summer with a High-Resolution GCM SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SOUTH CHINA SEA; UNITED-STATES; CUMULUS CONVECTION; NORTHERN MEXICO; TIBETAN PLATEAU; HEAT-SOURCES; TRMM PR; PART I; PRECIPITATION; MODEL AB The simulation of the diurnal cycle (DC) of precipitation and surface wind pattern by a general circulation model (GCM) with a uniform horizontal resolution of 50 km over the global domain is evaluated. The model output is compared with observational counterparts based on datasets provided by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission and reanalysis products of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. The summertime diurnal characteristics over tropical regions in Asia, the Americas, and Africa are portrayed using the amplitude and phase of the first harmonic of the 24-h cycle, departures of data fields during selected hours from the daily mean, and differences between extreme phases of the DC. There is general agreement between the model and observations with respect to the large-scale land-sea contrasts in the DC. Maximum land precipitation, onshore flows, and landward migration of rainfall signals from the coasts occur in the afternoon, whereas peak maritime rainfall and offshore flows prevail in the morning. Seaward migration of precipitation is discernible over the western Bay of Bengal and South China Sea during nocturnal and morning hours. The evolution from low-intensity rainfall in the morning/early afternoon to heavier precipitation several hours later is also evident over selected continental sites. However, the observed incidence of rainfall with very high intensity in midafternoon is not reproduced in the model atmosphere. Although the model provides an adequate simulation of the daytime upslope and nighttime downslope winds in the vicinity of mountain ranges, valleys, and basins, there are notable discrepancies between model and observations in the DC of precipitation near some of these orographic features. The model does not reproduce the observed seaward migration of precipitation from the western coasts of Myanmar (Burma) and India, and from individual islands of the Indonesian Archipelago at nighttime. C1 [Ploshay, Jeffrey J.; Lau, Ngar-Cheung] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Lau, NC (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Forrestal Campus,POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM gabriel.lau@noaa.gov NR 47 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 138 IS 9 BP 3434 EP 3453 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3291.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 656CO UT WOS:000282303700005 ER PT J AU Mejia, JF Douglas, MW Lamb, PJ AF Mejia, John F. Douglas, Michael W. Lamb, Peter J. TI Aircraft Observations of the 12-15 July 2004 Moisture Surge Event during the North American Monsoon Experiment SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; TROPICAL EASTERLY WAVES; LOW-LEVEL JET; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; AIR AB This paper describes aspects of a strong moisture surge over the Gulf of California that was observed during the 2004 North American Monsoon Experiment. Although a variety of special observation platforms aid the analyses, the authors focus on observations collected during two NOAA research aircraft flights made on 12 and 13 July. These flights sampled the initial and mature phases of a strong surge associated with Tropical Storm Blas. The first flight is identified by both a convective outflow and another feature, both deeper and with larger spatial scale, ahead of the outflow in association with the surge's leading edge. The surge speed, similar to 8 m s(-1), was identified from anomaly analysis of surface station pressure data. Observations show interesting multiscale features associated with the surge during its initial stages but do not allow for unambiguous identification of the surge's forcing mechanism or dynamical properties. Data from the second flight were used to describe the along- and cross-gulf structure of the enhanced low-level flow associated with the surge event. The strongest winds were over the northernmost gulf, with weaker winds over the surrounding coastal areas. The kinematic moisture flux increased toward the northern gulf; wind speed is the main control on the flux as the moist layer shows only small horizontal gradients. Over the northern gulf, the combination of a very shallow moist layer and a shallow low-level jet yield maximum moisture fluxes near 950 hPa that are almost an order of magnitude larger than those at 850 hPa. C1 [Mejia, John F.; Lamb, Peter J.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Mejia, John F.; Lamb, Peter J.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Mejia, John F.; Douglas, Michael W.] NOAA OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Mejia, JF (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM john.mejia@dri.edu FU NOAA; National Science Foundation FX This research was sponsored by the NOAA's Climate Program Office. Many Mexican and U.S. organizations and individuals contributed to the NAME data collection effort. Useful discussions with Joseph Zehnder of Creighton University are greatly appreciated. Most NAME datasets used in this study were provided by NCAR/EOL under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. We thank David Gochis, R. H. Johnson, and two anonymous reviewers for their thorough reviews and highly appreciate the comments and suggestions, which significantly contributed to improving the quality of this paper. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 138 IS 9 BP 3498 EP 3513 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3228.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 656CO UT WOS:000282303700008 ER PT J AU Coniglio, MC Hwang, JY Stensrud, DJ AF Coniglio, Michael C. Hwang, Jason Y. Stensrud, David J. TI Environmental Factors in the Upscale Growth and Longevity of MCSs Derived from Rapid Update Cycle Analyses SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; CONDITIONAL SYMMETRIC INSTABILITY; WARM-SEASON PRECIPITATION; LIVED SQUALL LINES; LOW-LEVEL JET; INERTIAL INSTABILITY; GREAT-PLAINS; SYNOPTIC CLIMATOLOGY; PROXIMITY SOUNDINGS AB Composite environments of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) are produced from Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) analyses to explore the differences between rapidly and slowly developing MCSs as well as the differences ahead of long- and short-lived MCSs. The composite analyses capture the synoptic-scale features known to be associated with MCSs and depict the inertial oscillation of the nocturnal low-level jet (LLJ), which remains strong but tends to veer away from decaying MCSs. The composite first storms environment for the rapidly developing MCSs contains a stronger LLJ located closer to the first storms region, much more conditional instability, potential instability, and energy available for downdrafts, smaller 3-10-km vertical wind shear, and smaller geostrophic potential vorticity in the upper troposphere, when compared to the environment for the slowly developing MCSs. The weaker shear above 3 km for the rapidly developing MCSs is consistent with supercell or discrete cell modes being less likely in weaker deep-layer shear and the greater potential for a cold pool to trigger convection when the shear is confined to lower levels. Furthermore, these results suggest that low values of upper-level potential vorticity may signal a rapid transition to an MCS. The composite environment ahead of the genesis of long- lived MCSs contains a broader LLJ, a better-defined frontal zone, stronger low-level frontogenesis, deeper moisture, and stronger wind shear above 2 km, when compared to short-lived MCSs. The larger shear above 2 km for the long- lived MCSs is consistent with the importance of shear elevated above the ground to help organize and maintain convection that feeds on the elevated unstable parcels after dark and is indicative of the enhanced baroclinicity ahead of the MCSs. C1 [Coniglio, Michael C.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Coniglio, MC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, Room 2234,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM michael.coniglio@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227]; U.S. Department of Commerce; NOAA FX Partial funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, U.S. Department of Commerce. The authors thank the efforts of the NOAA Hollings scholarship program, which supported the second author (JYH) during this project. We also thank Dr. Kim Elmore of the University of Oklahoma-NOAA/Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies and Greg Dial and Steve Corfidi of the NOAA/Storm Prediction Center for valuable discussions. Finally, we are thankful to Drs. Matt Parker and Morris Weisman for their very constructive and careful reviews. NR 72 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 138 IS 9 BP 3514 EP 3539 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3233.1 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 656CO UT WOS:000282303700009 ER PT J AU Lorsolo, S Zhang, JA Marks, F Gamache, J AF Lorsolo, Sylvie Zhang, Jun A. Marks, Frank, Jr. Gamache, John TI Estimation and Mapping of Hurricane Turbulent Energy Using Airborne Doppler Measurements SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER PARAMETERIZATIONS; INNER CORE STRUCTURE; HIGH WIND SPEEDS; TROPICAL CYCLONES; KINEMATIC STRUCTURE; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; ROLL VORTICES; MOMENTUM FLUX; ALLEN 1980; PART II AB Hurricane turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) was computed using airborne Doppler measurements from the NOAAWP-3D tail radars, and TKE data were retrieved for a variety of storms at different stages of their life cycle. The geometry of the radar analysis coupled with the relatively small beam resolution at ranges <8 km allowed for the estimation of subkilometer turbulent processes. Two-dimensional profiles of TKE were constructed and revealed that the strongest turbulence was generally located in convective regions, such as the eyewall, with magnitudes often exceeding 15 m(2) s(-2) and in the boundary layer with values of 5-10 m(2) s(-2) in the lowest kilometer. A correlation analysis showed that the strong turbulence was generally associated with strong horizontal shear of vertical and radial wind components in the eyewall and strong vertical shear of horizontal wind in the boundary layer. Mean vertical profiles of TKE decrease sharply above the hurricane boundary layer and level off at low magnitude for all regions outside the radius of maximum wind. The quality of the retrieval method was evaluated and showed very good agreement with TKE values directly calculated from the three-dimensional wind components of in situ measurements. The method presented here provides a unique opportunity to assess hurricane turbulence throughout the storm, especially in high-wind regions, and can be applied on extensive datasets of past and future airborne hurricane penetrations. C1 [Lorsolo, Sylvie; Marks, Frank, Jr.; Gamache, John] NOAA AOML, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Lorsolo, Sylvie; Zhang, Jun A.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Lorsolo, S (reprint author), NOAA AOML, Hurricane Res Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM sylvie.lorsolo@noaa.gov RI Marks, Frank/A-5733-2011; Zhang, Jun/F-9580-2012; Gamache, John/A-9702-2014 OI Marks, Frank/0000-0003-0371-5514; Gamache, John/0000-0001-5624-0378 FU University of South Alabama [NA06NWS4680008]; HFIP FX The authors thank Dr. Mark Powell and Peter Dodge for their insightful input. This research is supported by University of South Alabama Grant NA06NWS4680008 and the HFIP program. NR 46 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 138 IS 9 BP 3656 EP 3670 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3183.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 656CO UT WOS:000282303700017 ER PT J AU Lehman, J Sanders, A Hanssen, L Wilthan, B Zeng, JA Jensen, C AF Lehman, John Sanders, Aric Hanssen, Leonard Wilthan, Boris Zeng, Jinan Jensen, Christopher TI Very Black Infrared Detector from Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes and Electric-Field Poling of Lithium Tantalate SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Absorptance; carbon nanotube; optical coating; pyroelectric detector; reflectance; spectral responsivity; thermal detector ID PYROELECTRIC DETECTOR; RESPONSIVITY; ABSORBER; FILMS AB Vertically aligned multiwall carbon nanotubes were grown by water-assisted chemical vapor deposition on a large-area lithium tantalate pyroelectric detector. The processing parameters are nominally identical to those by which others have achieved the "world's darkest substance" on a silicon substrate. The pyroelectric detector Material, though a good candidate for such a coating, presents additional challenges and outcomes. After coating, a cycle of heating, electric field poling, and cooling was employed to restore the spontaneous polarization perpendicular to the detector electrodes. The detector responsivity is reported along with imaging as well as visible and infrared reflectance measurements of the detector and a silicon witness sample. We find that the detector responsivity is slightly compromised by the heat of processing and the coating properties are substrate dependent. However, it is possible to achieve nearly ideal values of detector reflectance uniformly less than 0.1 % from 400 nm to 4 mu m and less than 1 % from 4 to 14 mu m. C1 [Lehman, John; Sanders, Aric] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hanssen, Leonard; Wilthan, Boris; Zeng, Jinan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jensen, Christopher] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Lehman, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM lehman@boulder.nist.gov NR 29 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 11 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 10 IS 9 BP 3261 EP 3266 DI 10.1021/nl100582j PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 645WZ UT WOS:000281498200007 PM 20681568 ER PT J AU Xie, WJ He, J Kang, HJ Tang, XF Zhu, S Laver, M Wang, SY Copley, JRD Brown, CM Zhang, QJ Tritt, TM AF Xie, Wenjie He, Jian Kang, Hye Jung Tang, Xinfeng Zhu, Song Laver, Mark Wang, Shanyu Copley, John R. D. Brown, Craig M. Zhang, Qingjie Tritt, Terry M. TI Identifying the Specific Nanostructures Responsible for the High Thermoelectric Performance of (Bi,Sb)(2)Te-3 Nanocomposites SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE (Bi,Sb)(2)Te-3; thermoelectric material; multiscale nanostructures; inelastic neutron scattering; small angle neutron scattering ID SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; FIGURE; MERIT; APPARATUS; ALLOYS; POWER AB Herein, we report the synthesis of multiscale nanostructured p-type (Bi,Sb)(2)Te-3 bulk materials by melt-spinning single elements of Bi, Sb, and Te followed by a spark plasma sintering process. The samples that were most optimized with the resulting composition (Bi0.48Sb1.52Te3) and specific nanostructures showed an increase of similar to 50 % or more in the figure of merit, ZT, over that of the commercial bulk material between 280 and 475 K, making it suitable for commercial applications related to both power generation and refrigeration. The results of high-resolution electron microscopy and small angle and inelastic neutron scattering along with corresponding thermoelectric property measurements corroborate that the 10-20 nm nanocrystalline domains with coherent boundaries are the key constituent that accounts for the resulting exceptionally low lattice thermal conductivity and significant improvement of ZT. C1 [Xie, Wenjie; Tang, Xinfeng; Wang, Shanyu; Zhang, Qingjie] Wuhan Univ Technol, State Key Lab Adv Technol Mat Synth & Proc, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. [Xie, Wenjie; He, Jian; Kang, Hye Jung; Zhu, Song; Tritt, Terry M.] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Laver, Mark] Paul Scherrer Inst, Neutron Scattering Lab, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Copley, John R. D.; Brown, Craig M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tang, XF (reprint author), Wuhan Univ Technol, State Key Lab Adv Technol Mat Synth & Proc, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. EM tangxf@whut.edu.cn; ttritt@clemson.edu RI Wang, Shanyu/G-6175-2013; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009; Leon-Lugo, Nathyely/H-5680-2015; XIE, WENJIE/G-5049-2011 OI Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355; Leon-Lugo, Nathyely/0000-0001-6576-7040; XIE, WENJIE/0000-0003-1826-7574 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2007CB607501]; Natural Science Foundation of China [50731006, 50672118]; 111 Project [B07040]; DOE/EPSCoR [DE-FG02-04ER-46139]; SC EPSCoR; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672]; China Scholarship Council (CSC) [2008695022] FX We acknowledge the support of the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB607501) and the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50731006 and 50672118) along with 111 Project (Grant No. B07040). The work at Clemson University is supported by DOE/EPSCoR Implementation Grant (#DE-FG02-04ER-46139), and the SC EPSCoR cost sharing program. The work at NIST was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. W.J. Xie would also like to thank the China Scholarship Council (CSC) for support in the Form of a partial fellowship (No. 2008695022). NR 28 TC 222 Z9 223 U1 15 U2 167 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 10 IS 9 BP 3283 EP 3289 DI 10.1021/nl100804a PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 645WZ UT WOS:000281498200011 PM 20687520 ER PT J AU Scott, CA Pasqualetti, MJ AF Scott, Christopher A. Pasqualetti, Martin J. TI Energy and Water Resources Scarcity: Critical Infrastructure for Growth and Economic Development in Arizona and Sonora SO NATURAL RESOURCES JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Water-Energy Conundrum - Water Constraints on New Energy Development in the Southwest CY FEB 12, 2010 CL Univ New Mexico Sch Law, Albuquerque, NM HO Univ New Mexico Sch Law ID MANAGEMENT; CONSUMPTION; DROUGHT; POLICY; TRADE; NEXUS AB Climate change, rapid urbanization, and the emerging carbon economy, among other factors, have elevated the energy-water nexus from an operational tool to a new joint-resource management and policy paradigm. Nowhere in North America, and in few regions globally, is this need greater than in the Southwest United States and Northwest Mexico. In the states of Arizona and Sonora, investment is inadequate to meet energy and water infrastructure needs. On par with critical infrastructure in economic development terms, agriculture is likewise energy-intensive and currently consumes the largest share of water resources in both states. The important gains to be made through coupled energy- and water-based conservation, including the potential of certain types of renewable energy development to reduce water requirements for electricity generation, raise questions over conventional plans to rapidly increase investments in infrastructure. The purpose of this paper is to assess the region's energy-water nexus through analysis of data on water supply, electrical power generation, and energy consumption. Four cases are examined to illustrate the coupled nature of policies for energy and water: (1) rapidly growing urban centers; (2) water consumed in power generation and the "virtual water" implications of regional interstate power trade; (3) the irrigation-electrical power nexus in agriculture; and (4) coastal desalination and proposed trans-boundary transfer schemes. The paper concludes that conventional water management for cities has a large and rising energy footprint. Conversely, power generation that is often considered "non-consumptive" in this arid region is a major consumer of water. Similarly, there is a major opportunity for energy and water conservation in groundwater irrigation. Finally, desalination may hold promise, particularly for coastal communities, but current costs and institutional barriers suggest that transboundary transfer of desalinated water for general purposes, including environmental conservation and agriculture, has low feasibility. C1 [Scott, Christopher A.] Udall Ctr Studies Publ Policy, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Scott, Christopher A.] Univ Arizona, Sch Geog & Dev, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Scott, Christopher A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Washington, DC USA. [Scott, Christopher A.] Int Water Management Inst, Colombo, Sri Lanka. [Pasqualetti, Martin J.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Geog Sci & Urban Planning, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Scott, CA (reprint author), Udall Ctr Studies Publ Policy, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM cascott@email.arizona.edu; pasqualetti@asu.edu RI Scott, Christopher/D-1262-2013 OI Scott, Christopher/0000-0002-6767-0450 NR 78 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 10 U2 61 PU UNIV NEW MEXICO, SCH LAW PI ALBUQUERQUE PA MSC11-6070, 1 UNIVERSITY NEW MEXICO, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87131 USA SN 0028-0739 J9 NAT RESOUR J JI Nat. Resour. J. PD FAL PY 2010 VL 50 IS 3 BP 645 EP 682 PG 38 WC Environmental Studies; Law SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Government & Law GA 764AC UT WOS:000290599800005 ER PT J AU Demir, E Cary, MP Paley, S Fukuda, K Lemer, C Vastrik, I Wu, GN D'Eustachio, P Schaefer, C Luciano, J Schacherer, F Martinez-Flores, I Hu, ZJ Jimenez-Jacinto, V Joshi-Tope, G Kandasamy, K Lopez-Fuentes, AC Mi, HY Pichler, E Rodchenkov, I Splendiani, A Tkachev, S Zucker, J Gopinath, G Rajasimha, H Ramakrishnan, R Shah, I Syed, M Anwar, N Babur, O Blinov, M Brauner, E Corwin, D Donaldson, S Gibbons, F Goldberg, R Hornbeck, P Luna, A Murray-Rust, P Neumann, E Reubenacker, O Samwald, M van Iersel, M Wimalaratne, S Allen, K Braun, B Whirl-Carrillo, M Cheung, KH Dahlquist, K Finney, A Gillespie, M Glass, E Gong, L Haw, R Honig, M Hubaut, O Kane, D Krupa, S Kutmon, M Leonard, J Marks, D Merberg, D Petri, V Pico, A Ravenscroft, D Ren, LY Shah, N Sunshine, M Tang, R Whaley, R Letovksy, S Buetow, KH Rzhetsky, A Schachter, V Sobral, BS Dogrusoz, U McWeeney, S Aladjem, M Birney, E Collado-Vides, J Goto, S Hucka, M Le Novere, N Maltsev, N Pandey, A Thomas, P Wingender, E Karp, PD Sander, C Bader, GD AF Demir, Emek Cary, Michael P. Paley, Suzanne Fukuda, Ken Lemer, Christian Vastrik, Imre Wu, Guanming D'Eustachio, Peter Schaefer, Carl Luciano, Joanne Schacherer, Frank Martinez-Flores, Irma Hu, Zhenjun Jimenez-Jacinto, Veronica Joshi-Tope, Geeta Kandasamy, Kumaran Lopez-Fuentes, Alejandra C. Mi, Huaiyu Pichler, Elgar Rodchenkov, Igor Splendiani, Andrea Tkachev, Sasha Zucker, Jeremy Gopinath, Gopal Rajasimha, Harsha Ramakrishnan, Ranjani Shah, Imran Syed, Mustafa Anwar, Nadia Babur, Oezguen Blinov, Michael Brauner, Erik Corwin, Dan Donaldson, Sylva Gibbons, Frank Goldberg, Robert Hornbeck, Peter Luna, Augustin Murray-Rust, Peter Neumann, Eric Reubenacker, Oliver Samwald, Matthias van Iersel, Martijn Wimalaratne, Sarala Allen, Keith Braun, Burk Whirl-Carrillo, Michelle Cheung, Kei-Hoi Dahlquist, Kam Finney, Andrew Gillespie, Marc Glass, Elizabeth Gong, Li Haw, Robin Honig, Michael Hubaut, Olivier Kane, David Krupa, Shiva Kutmon, Martina Leonard, Julie Marks, Debbie Merberg, David Petri, Victoria Pico, Alex Ravenscroft, Dean Ren, Liya Shah, Nigam Sunshine, Margot Tang, Rebecca Whaley, Ryan Letovksy, Stan Buetow, Kenneth H. Rzhetsky, Andrey Schachter, Vincent Sobral, Bruno S. Dogrusoz, Ugur McWeeney, Shannon Aladjem, Mirit Birney, Ewan Collado-Vides, Julio Goto, Susumu Hucka, Michael Le Novere, Nicolas Maltsev, Natalia Pandey, Akhilesh Thomas, Paul Wingender, Edgar Karp, Peter D. Sander, Chris Bader, Gary D. TI The BioPAX community standard for pathway data sharing SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS BIOLOGY; COLLABORATIVE CONSTRUCTION; SOFTWARE ENVIRONMENT; INTERACTION NETWORK; CELLULAR PATHWAYS; REPRESENTATION; ONTOLOGY; INFORMATION; CANCER; KNOWLEDGEBASE AB Biological Pathway Exchange (BioPAX) is a standard language to represent biological pathways at the molecular and cellular level and to facilitate the exchange of pathway data. The rapid growth of the volume of pathway data has spurred the development of databases and computational tools to aid interpretation; however, use of these data is hampered by the current fragmentation of pathway information across many databases with incompatible formats. BioPAX, which was created through a community process, solves this problem by making pathway data substantially easier to collect, index, interpret and share. BioPAX can represent metabolic and signaling pathways, molecular and genetic interactions and gene regulation networks. Using BioPAX, millions of interactions, organized into thousands of pathways, from many organisms are available from a growing number of databases. This large amount of pathway data in a computable form will support visualization, analysis and biological discovery. (C) 2010 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Rodchenkov, Igor; Donaldson, Sylva; Bader, Gary D.] Univ Toronto, Banting & Best Dept Med Res, Donnelly Ctr Cellular & Biomol Res, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Demir, Emek; Cary, Michael P.; Anwar, Nadia; Babur, Oezguen; Sander, Chris] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Demir, Emek; Babur, Oezguen; Dogrusoz, Ugur] Bilkent Univ, Ctr Bioinformat, Ankara, Turkey. [Demir, Emek; Babur, Oezguen; Dogrusoz, Ugur] Bilkent Univ, Dept Comp Engn, Ankara, Turkey. [Mi, Huaiyu; Thomas, Paul] SRI Int, Ctr Artificial Intelligence, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Fukuda, Ken] Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, Inst Bioinformat Res & Dev, Tokyo, Japan. [Lemer, Christian; Hubaut, Olivier] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. [Vastrik, Imre; Birney, Ewan; Le Novere, Nicolas] European Bioinformat Inst, Cambridge, England. [Wu, Guanming; Haw, Robin] Ontario Inst Canc Res, Toronto, ON, Canada. [D'Eustachio, Peter] NYU, Sch Med, New York, NY USA. [Schaefer, Carl] NCI, Ctr Biomed Informat & Informat Technol, Rockville, MD USA. [Luciano, Joanne] Predict Med, Belmont, MA USA. [Schacherer, Frank; Braun, Burk] BIOBASE Corp, Beverly, MA USA. [Martinez-Flores, Irma; Jimenez-Jacinto, Veronica; Collado-Vides, Julio] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Genom, Cuernavaca 62191, Morelos, Mexico. [Hu, Zhenjun] Boston Univ, Biomol Syst Lab, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Joshi-Tope, Geeta; Ren, Liya] Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. [Kandasamy, Kumaran; Pandey, Akhilesh] Johns Hopkins Univ, McKusick Nathans Inst Genet Med, Baltimore, MD USA. [Kandasamy, Kumaran; Pandey, Akhilesh] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Biol Chem, Baltimore, MD USA. [Kandasamy, Kumaran; Pandey, Akhilesh] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Kandasamy, Kumaran; Pandey, Akhilesh] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Oncol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Splendiani, Andrea] Univ Rennes 1, Fac Med, Rennes, France. [Splendiani, Andrea] Rothamsted Res, Harpenden, Herts, England. [Tkachev, Sasha; Hornbeck, Peter] Cell Signaling Technol Inc, Danvers, MA USA. [Zucker, Jeremy] Broad Inst, Cambridge, MA USA. [Gopinath, Gopal] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Laurel, MD USA. [Rajasimha, Harsha; Sobral, Bruno S.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Bioinformat Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Rajasimha, Harsha] NEI, Neurobiol Neurodegenerat & Repair Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Ramakrishnan, Ranjani; McWeeney, Shannon] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Behav Neurosci, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Shah, Imran] US Environm Protect Agcy Durham, Durham, NC USA. [Syed, Mustafa; Glass, Elizabeth; Maltsev, Natalia] Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Blinov, Michael] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Farmington, CT USA. [Brauner, Erik; Gibbons, Frank] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biol Chem & Mol Pharmacol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Corwin, Dan] Lexikos Corp, Boston, MA USA. [Goldberg, Robert] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Luna, Augustin; Sunshine, Margot; Aladjem, Mirit] NCI, Ctr Canc Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Murray-Rust, Peter] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Unilever Ctr Mol Sci Informat, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. [Neumann, Eric] Clin Semant Grp, Lexington, MA USA. [Reubenacker, Oliver] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Ctr Cell Anal & Modeling, Storrs, CT USA. [Samwald, Matthias] Natl Univ Ireland, Digital Enterprise Res Inst, Galway, Ireland. [Samwald, Matthias] Konrad Lorenz Inst Evolut & Cognit Res, Altenberg, Austria. [van Iersel, Martijn] Maastricht Univ, Dept Bioinformat, Maastricht, Netherlands. [Wimalaratne, Sarala] Univ Auckland, Auckland 1, New Zealand. [Allen, Keith; Leonard, Julie] Syngenta Biotech Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Whirl-Carrillo, Michelle; Gong, Li; Tang, Rebecca; Whaley, Ryan] Stanford Univ, Dept Genet, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Cheung, Kei-Hoi] Yale Univ, Yale Ctr Med Informat, New Haven, CT USA. [Dahlquist, Kam] Loyola Marymount Univ, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. [Finney, Andrew] Physiomics PLC, Magdalen Ctr, Oxford, England. [Gillespie, Marc] St Johns Univ, Jamaica, NY 11439 USA. [Honig, Michael] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Kane, David] SRA Int, Fairfax, VA USA. [Krupa, Shiva] Novartis Knowledge Ctr, Cambridge, MA USA. [Kutmon, Martina] Univ Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Marks, Debbie] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Syst Biol, Boston, MA USA. [Merberg, David] Vertex Pharmaceut, Cambridge, MA USA. [Petri, Victoria] Med Coll Wisconsin, Human & Mol Genet Ctr, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Pico, Alex] Gladstone Inst Cardiovasc Dis, San Francisco, CA USA. [Ravenscroft, Dean] Cornell Univ, Dept Genet & Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY USA. [Shah, Nigam] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Biomed Informat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Letovksy, Stan] Millennium Pharmaceut Inc, Computat Sci Informat, Cambridge, MA USA. [Buetow, Kenneth H.] NCI, Ctr Biomed Informat & Informat Technol, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Rzhetsky, Andrey] Univ Chicago, Inst Genom & Syst Biol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Rzhetsky, Andrey] Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL USA. [Schachter, Vincent] Total Gas & Power, Paris, France. [Goto, Susumu] Kyoto Univ, Inst Chem Res, Bioinformat Ctr, Kyoto 606, Japan. [Hucka, Michael] CALTECH, Biol Network Modeling Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wingender, Edgar] Dept Bioinformat, Gottingen, Germany. RP Bader, GD (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Banting & Best Dept Med Res, Donnelly Ctr Cellular & Biomol Res, Toronto, ON, Canada. EM biopax-paper@biopax.org RI Haw, Robin/D-1393-2009; van Iersel, Martijn/E-9105-2010; Syed, Mustafa/A-5252-2011; Bader, Gary/C-1176-2009; Le Novere, Nicolas/F-9973-2010; sander, chris/H-1452-2011; Hucka, Michael/B-1896-2012; rzhetsky, andrey/B-6118-2012; Pandey, Akhilesh/B-4127-2009; Vastrik, Imre/C-2690-2009; Zucker, Jeremy/M-3643-2016; OI Birney, Ewan/0000-0001-8314-8497; Fukuda, Ken/0000-0001-7366-1094; D'Eustachio, Peter/0000-0002-5494-626X; Wingender, Edgar/0000-0002-7729-8453; Pico, Alexander/0000-0001-5706-2163; Gillespie, Marc/0000-0002-5766-1702; Haw, Robin/0000-0002-2013-7835; Kutmon, Martina/0000-0002-7699-8191; Wimalaratne, Sarala/0000-0002-5355-2576; Karp, Peter/0000-0002-5876-6418; van Iersel, Martijn/0000-0002-5877-4338; Bader, Gary/0000-0003-0185-8861; Le Novere, Nicolas/0000-0002-6309-7327; Pandey, Akhilesh/0000-0001-9943-6127; Zucker, Jeremy/0000-0002-7276-9009; Murray-Rust, Peter/0000-0003-3386-3972; McWeeney, Shannon/0000-0001-8333-6607; BABUR, OZGUN/0000-0002-0239-5259; Demir, Emek/0000-0002-3663-7113 FU US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-04ER63931]; caBIG program; US National Institute of General Medical Sciences workshop [1R13GM076939, P41HG004118]; US National Human Genome Research Institute and Genome Canada through the Ontario Genomics Institute [2007-OGI-TD-05]; US National Institutes of Health [R01GM071962-07] FX Funded by the US Department of Energy workshop grant DE-FG02-04ER63931, the caBIG program, the US National Institute of General Medical Sciences workshop grant 1R13GM076939, grant P41HG004118 from the US National Human Genome Research Institute and Genome Canada through the Ontario Genomics Institute (2007-OGI-TD-05) and US National Institutes of Health grant R01GM071962-07. Thanks to many people who contributed to discussions on BioPAX mailing lists, at conferences and at BioPAX workshops, especially A. Ruttenberg and J. Rees. NR 65 TC 251 Z9 253 U1 5 U2 27 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 28 IS 9 BP 935 EP 942 DI 10.1038/nbt.1666 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 648UF UT WOS:000281719100019 PM 20829833 ER PT J AU Liu, TJ Hu, J Qian, B Fobes, D Mao, ZQ Bao, W Reehuis, M Kimber, SAJ Prokes, K Matas, S Argyriou, DN Hiess, A Rotaru, A Pham, H Spinu, L Qiu, Y Thampy, V Savici, AT Rodriguez, JA Broholm, C AF Liu, T. J. Hu, J. Qian, B. Fobes, D. Mao, Z. Q. Bao, W. Reehuis, M. Kimber, S. A. J. Prokes, K. Matas, S. Argyriou, D. N. Hiess, A. Rotaru, A. Pham, H. Spinu, L. Qiu, Y. Thampy, V. Savici, A. T. Rodriguez, J. A. Broholm, C. TI From (pi,0) magnetic order to superconductivity with (pi,pi) magnetic resonance in Fe1.02Te1-xSex SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-DIAGRAM; LAO1-XFXFEAS; COEXISTENCE AB The iron chalcogenide Fe1+y(Te1-xSex) is structurally the simplest of the Fe-based superconductors(1-3). Although the Fermi surface is similar to iron pnictides(4,5), the parent compound Fe1+y Te exhibits antiferromagnetic order with an in-plane magnetic wave vector (pi,0) (ref. 6). This contrasts the pnictide parent compounds where the magnetic order has an in-plane magnetic wave vector (pi,pi) that connects hole and electron parts of the Fermi surface(7,8). Despite these differences, both the pnictide and chalcogenide Fe superconductors exhibit a superconducting spin resonance around (pi,pi) (refs 9-11). A central question in this burgeoning field is therefore how(pi,pi) superconductivity can emerge from a (pi,0) magnetic instability(12). Here, we report that the magnetic soft mode evolving from the (pi,0)-type magnetic long-range order is associated with weak charge carrier localization. Bulk superconductivity occurs as magnetic correlations at (pi,0) are suppressed and the mode at (pi,pi) becomes dominant for x > 0.29. Our results suggest a common magnetic origin for superconductivity in iron chalcogenide and pnictide superconductors. C1 [Liu, T. J.; Hu, J.; Qian, B.; Fobes, D.; Mao, Z. Q.] Tulane Univ, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Bao, W.] Renmin Univ China, Dept Phys, Beijing 100872, Peoples R China. [Reehuis, M.; Kimber, S. A. J.; Prokes, K.; Matas, S.; Argyriou, D. N.] Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin Mat & Energie, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. [Hiess, A.] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Rotaru, A.; Pham, H.; Spinu, L.] Univ New Orleans, Adv Mat Res Inst, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [Rotaru, A.; Pham, H.; Spinu, L.] Univ New Orleans, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [Qiu, Y.; Rodriguez, J. A.; Broholm, C.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Qiu, Y.; Rodriguez, J. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20899 USA. [Thampy, V.; Savici, A. T.; Rodriguez, J. A.; Broholm, C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Thampy, V.; Savici, A. T.; Rodriguez, J. A.; Broholm, C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Savici, A. T.] NSSD, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mao, ZQ (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM zmao@tulane.edu; wbao@ruc.edu.cn RI Hu, Jin/C-4141-2014; Rotaru, Aurelian/C-2871-2011; Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011; Bao, Wei/E-9988-2011; 石, 源/D-5929-2012; ruc, phy/E-4170-2012; LIU, TIJIANG/A-3242-2013; Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/A-4872-2013; Savici, Andrei/F-2790-2013; Prokes, Karel/J-5438-2013; Reehuis, Manfred/J-3383-2013; Fobes, David/E-8526-2014; OI Hu, Jin/0000-0003-0080-4239; Rotaru, Aurelian/0000-0002-8782-7988; Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892; Bao, Wei/0000-0002-2105-461X; Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/0000-0002-8633-8314; Savici, Andrei/0000-0001-5127-8967; Prokes, Karel/0000-0002-7034-1738; Reehuis, Manfred/0000-0002-6461-4074; Fobes, David/0000-0001-8252-2061; Kimber, Simon/0000-0003-0489-1851 FU NSF [DMR-0645305, DMR-0454672]; DOE [DE-FG02-07ER46358, DE-FG02-08ER46544]; DARPA [HR 0011-09-1-0047]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SPP 1458, AR 613/1-2] FX The work at Tulane is supported by the NSF under grant DMR-0645305 for materials and equipment, and the DOE under DE-FG02-07ER46358 for personnel. Work at AMRI was supported by DARPA through grant HR 0011-09-1-0047. Work at NIST is in part supported by the NSF under grant DMR-0454672. Work at the Johns Hopkins University Institute for Quantum Matter is supported by the DOE under grant DE-FG02-08ER46544. D.N.A. and K.P. acknowledge the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft for support under the priority program SPP 1458 and contract AR 613/1-2. NR 31 TC 171 Z9 173 U1 4 U2 66 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 9 IS 9 BP 716 EP 720 DI 10.1038/NMAT2800 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 642BP UT WOS:000281178400020 PM 20639892 ER PT J AU Biercuk, MJ Uys, H Britton, JW VanDevender, AP Bollinger, JJ AF Biercuk, Michael J. Uys, Hermann Britton, Joe W. VanDevender, Aaron P. Bollinger, John J. TI Ultrasensitive detection of force and displacement using trapped ions SO NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NANOMECHANICAL MOTION; QUANTUM LIMIT; PENNING TRAP; PLASMA; STATE AB The ability to detect extremely small forces and nanoscale displacements is vital for disciplines such as precision spin-resonance imaging(1), microscopy(2), and tests of fundamental physical phenomena(3-5). Current force-detection sensitivity limits have surpassed 1 aN Hz(-1/2) (refs 6,7) through coupling of nanomechanical resonators to a variety of physical readout systems(1,7-10). Here, we demonstrate that crystals of trapped atomic ions(11,12) behave as nanoscale mechanical oscillators and may form the core of exquisitely sensitive force and displacement detectors. We report the detection of forces with a sensitivity of 390+/-150 yN Hz(-1/2), which is more than three orders of magnitude better than existing reports using nanofabricated devices(7), and discriminate ion displacements of similar to 18 nm. Our technique is based on the excitation of tunable normal motional modes in an ion trap(13) and detection through phase-coherent Doppler velocimetry(14,15), and should ultimately allow force detection with a sensitivity better than 1 yN Hz(-1/2) (ref. 16). Trapped-ion-based sensors could enable scientists to explore new regimes in materials science where augmented force, field and displacement sensitivity may be traded against reduced spatial resolution. C1 [Biercuk, Michael J.; Uys, Hermann; Britton, Joe W.; VanDevender, Aaron P.; Bollinger, John J.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Biercuk, MJ (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM michael.biercuk@sydney.edu.au RI Biercuk, Michael/B-4768-2010; OI Britton, Joe/0000-0001-8103-7347 FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA); National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity; Georgia Tech.; Council for Scientific and Industrial Relations, South Africa FX The authors thank K. Lehnert, D. Leibfried, D.J. Reilly, T. Rosenband and D.J. Wineland for useful discussions. Thanks also go to J. Kitching and U. Warring for their comments on the manuscript. The authors acknowledge research funding from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the DARPA Optical Lattice Emulator program, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Quantum Information Program. M. J. B. acknowledges fellowship support from the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity and Georgia Tech. H. U. acknowledges support from the Council for Scientific and Industrial Relations, South Africa. This manuscript is a contribution of NIST and not subject to US copyright. NR 30 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 18 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1748-3387 J9 NAT NANOTECHNOL JI Nat. Nanotechnol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 5 IS 9 BP 646 EP 650 DI 10.1038/NNANO.2010.165 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 647FO UT WOS:000281603400009 PM 20729835 ER PT J AU Carothers, C Lew, DK Sepez, J AF Carothers, Courtney Lew, Daniel K. Sepez, Jennifer TI Fishing rights and small communities: Alaska halibut IFQ transfer patterns SO OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB In the Alaska halibut individual fishing quota (IFQ) fishery, small remote fishing communities (SRFCs) have disproportionately lost fishing rights. Our analysis of quota market participation from 1995 to 1999 confirms that SRFC residents are more likely to sell than buy quota. Alaska Native heritage is another important predictor of quota market behavior. Residents of Alaska Native villages have an increased likelihood of selling quota. Loss of fisheries participation in small indigenous communities can be an unintended consequence of quota systems. Mitigation measures should take into account the social factors that can lead to such a redistribution of fishing rights in privatized access fisheries. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Carothers, Courtney] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Lew, Daniel K.; Sepez, Jennifer] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Lew, Daniel K.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Carothers, C (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 905 N Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM clcarothers@alaska.edu OI Lew, Daniel/0000-0002-3394-138X NR 15 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-5691 J9 OCEAN COAST MANAGE JI Ocean Coastal Manage. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 53 IS 9 BP 518 EP 523 DI 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2010.04.014 PG 6 WC Oceanography; Water Resources SC Oceanography; Water Resources GA 665EU UT WOS:000283018800003 ER PT J AU Sabine, CL Ducklow, H Hood, M AF Sabine, Christopher L. Ducklow, Hugh Hood, Maria TI INTERNATIONAL CARBON COORDINATION Roger Revelle's Legacy in the intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID OCEANIC CO2 INCREASE; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; BUDGET; SINK; DIOXIDE; PCO(2); FLUX AB Since its inception in 1960, the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) has been responsible for organizing and coordinating the scientific investigation of ocean carbon. Roger Revelle (Scripps Institution of Oceanography) first articulated the principal need for international and intergovernmental coordination to address global-scale problems such as climate change when IOC was first developed. Regional to global-scale carbon studies started in earnest with the International Decade of Ocean Exploration (I DOE) and Geochemical Ocean Sections Study (GEOSECS) programs in the 1970s, but they were hampered by technological barriers that limited both the precision of carbon system measurements and the greater sampling frequency needed for a comprehensive global view. In 1979, IOC established the Committee on Climate Change and the Ocean (CCCO) with Revelle as Chair. CCCO called for a carbon observation program and sampling strategy that could determine the global oceanic CO, inventory to an accuracy of 10-20 petagrams of carbon (Pg C). Perfection of the coulometric analysis technique of total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in seawater by Ken Johnson (University of Rhode Island) and introduction of certified reference materials for DIC and alkalinity by Andrew Dickson (Scripps Institution of Oceanography) made such a study possible. The first global survey of ocean CO, was carried out under the joint sponsorship of IOC and the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) in the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) and the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) in the 1990s. With these programs and underway pCO(2) measuring systems on research vessels and ships of opportunity, ocean carbon data grew exponentially, reaching about a million total measurements by 2002 when Taro Takahashi (Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory) and others provided the first robust mapping of surface ocean CO2. Using a new approach developed by Nicolas Gruber (ETH Zurich) and colleagues with JGOFS-WOCE and other synthesized data sets, one of this article's authors (Sabine) with a host of coauthors estimated that the total accumulation of anthropogenic CO2 between 1800 and 1994 was 118 19 Pg C, just within the uncertainty goals set by JGOFS and IOC prior to the global survey. Today, ocean carbon activities are coordinated through the International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project (IOCCP). Ocean carbon measurements now accumulate at a rate of over a million measurements per year matching the total number achieved over the first three decades of ocean carbon studies. IOCCP is actively working to combine these data into uniform data sets that the community can use to better understand ocean carbon uptake and storage. The problem of ocean acidification caused by uptake of anthropogenic CO, is now a major target of IOC and IOCCP. C1 [Sabine, Christopher L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Ducklow, Hugh] Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Hood, Maria] UNESCO, CO2 Advisory Panel & Int Ocean Carbon Coordinat, Paris, France. RP Sabine, CL (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM chris.sabine@noaa.gov RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611 FU IOC; SCOR; US National Science Foundation [OCE-0715161, OCE-0608600] FX IOC's ocean carbon activities are funded through IOC and SCOR, with major financial support provided by the US National Science Foundation through a grant to UNESCO-IOC (OCE-0715161) and a grant to the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (OCE-0608600) for IOCCP. The activities also benefit from generous in-kind contributions from NOAA and national carbon programs in Japan and the EU. This is NOAA/PMEL publication number 3523. NR 41 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD SEP PY 2010 VL 23 IS 3 BP 48 EP 61 DI 10.5670/oceanog.2010.23 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 649FC UT WOS:000281752200010 ER PT J AU Peterson, B Cyr, N AF Peterson, Bill Cyr, Ned TI The Role of IOC in Promoting Cooperative Research on Marine Ecosystems and Living Marine Resources SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID INDIAN-OCEAN; DIVERSITY; PROGRAM; CONUS C1 [Peterson, Bill] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Cyr, Ned] NOAA Fisheries, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Peterson, B (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM bill.peterson@noaa.gov NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD SEP PY 2010 VL 23 IS 3 BP 62 EP 71 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 649FC UT WOS:000281752200011 ER PT J AU McPhaden, MJ Busalacchi, AJ Anderson, DLT AF McPhaden, Michael J. Busalacchi, Antonio J. Anderson, David L. T. TI A TOGA RETROSPECTIVE SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERE RESPONSE EXPERIMENT; EL NINO/SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; INDIAN-OCEAN; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; TROPICAL PACIFIC; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; CLIMATE MODELS AB The Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere (TOGA) program was a 10-year international climate research effort carried out between 1985 and 1994 under the auspices of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP). TOGA'S goals were to determine the predictability of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system in the tropics on seasonal-to-interannual time scales, to understand the mechanisms responsible for that predictability, and to establish an observing system to support climate prediction. The US contribution to TOGA focused mainly on the El Nino/ Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, which is the most prominent climate signal on seasonal-to-interannual time scales. One of TOGA's great strengths was that it forged the three fields of observation, theory, and modeling into a coherent program. TOGA also included climate impact studies from the very beginning by collaborating with scientists outside the field of physical climate research. This article highlights some key successes of TOGA and assesses its legacy from a perspective of progress over the past 15 years. It also celebrates the fiftieth anniversary of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IC), established within the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization to promote international cooperation in marine research, services, and observations. 10C, together with the World Meteorological Organization and the International Council of Science, co-sponsored not only TOGA, but also antecedent and follow-on climate research programs under WCRP. The continuity of these research programs over the time span of decades is one of the reasons for their long-term successes. C1 [McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Busalacchi, Antonio J.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Anderson, David L. T.] Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. RP McPhaden, MJ (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM michael.j.mcphaden@noaa.gov RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 NR 92 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 11 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD SEP PY 2010 VL 23 IS 3 BP 86 EP 103 DI 10.5670/oceanog.2010.26 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 649FC UT WOS:000281752200013 ER PT J AU Glover, DM Wiebe, PH Chandler, CL Levitus, S AF Glover, David M. Wiebe, Peter H. Chandler, Cynthia L. Levitus, Sydney TI IOC CONTRIBUTIONS TO INTERNATIONAL, INTERDISCIPLINARY OPEN DATA SHARING SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article C1 [Glover, David M.; Wiebe, Peter H.; Chandler, Cynthia L.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Levitus, Sydney] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Data Ctr Ocean Climate Lab, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Glover, DM (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM dglover@whoi.edu RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD SEP PY 2010 VL 23 IS 3 BP 140 EP 151 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 649FC UT WOS:000281752200016 ER PT J AU Chu, JY Wang, QD Lehan, JP Gao, GJ Griesmann, U AF Chu, Jiyoung Wang, Quandou Lehan, John P. Gao, Guangjun Griesmann, Ulf TI Spatially resolved height response of phase-shifting interferometers measured using a patterned mirror with varying spatial frequency SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE interferometry; spatial frequency; height response ID LASER FIZEAU INTERFEROMETER AB In the performance evaluation of phase-shifting interferometers for figure metrology, the height response, or height transfer function, is rarely taken into consideration, because in most applications smooth surfaces are measured and only the lowest spatial frequencies are of interest. For measurements with low uncertainty it is important to understand the height response as a function of the spatial-frequency content of a surface under test, in particular when it contains form-error components with frequencies at the high end of an interferometer's spatial-frequency passband. A mirror with a patterned area of 140-mm diameter, consisting of several subpatterns with varying spatial frequency, was used to evaluate the spectral response. Our goal was to develop a method for efficient mapping of the spectral response over the circular field of view of a phase-shifting interferometer. A new way of representing the dependence of the spectral response on the field of view of an interferometer is described. (C) 2010 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [DOI: 10.1117/1.3488052] C1 [Chu, Jiyoung; Wang, Quandou; Gao, Guangjun; Griesmann, Ulf] NIST, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chu, Jiyoung] Samsung Elect Co, Suwon, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. [Lehan, John P.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Lehan, John P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gao, Guangjun] Natl Univ Singapore, Div Bioengn, Singapore 117574, Singapore. RP Chu, JY (reprint author), NIST, Mfg Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ulf.griesmann@nist.gov NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 49 IS 9 AR 095601 DI 10.1117/1.3488052 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 656VY UT WOS:000282370400027 ER PT J AU Glauber, RJ Orozco, LA Vogel, K Schleich, WP Walther, H AF Glauber, R. J. Orozco, L. A. Vogel, K. Schleich, W. P. Walther, H. TI Field fluctuations measured by interferometry SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Central European Workshop on Quantum Optics CY MAY 23-27, 2009 CL Turku, FINLAND ID PROBABILITY-DISTRIBUTIONS; OPTICAL NETWORK; QUANTUM PHASE; LIGHT; SUPERPOSITIONS; STATES AB We derive the complete photon count statistics of an interferometer based on two beam splitters. As a special case we consider a joint intensity-electric field measurement. Our approach is based on the transformation properties of state vectors as well as field operators at a beam splitter. C1 [Glauber, R. J.] Harvard Univ, Lyman Lab, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Orozco, L. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Orozco, L. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Vogel, K.; Schleich, W. P.] Univ Ulm, Inst Quantenphys, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. [Walther, H.] Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Walther, H.] Univ Munich, Sekt Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Glauber, RJ (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Lyman Lab, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM glauber@physics.harvard.edu; karl.vogel@uni-ulm.de RI Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD/H-4494-2011 NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 EI 1402-4896 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD SEP PY 2010 VL T140 AR 014002 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/2010/T140/014002 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 686JW UT WOS:000284693600004 ER PT J AU Ruff, JPC Gaulin, BD Rule, KC Gardner, JS AF Ruff, J. P. C. Gaulin, B. D. Rule, K. C. Gardner, J. S. TI Superlattice correlations in Tb2Ti2O7 under the application of [110] magnetic field SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PYROCHLORE ANTIFERROMAGNET TB2TI2O7; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SPIN LIQUID; STATE AB We report an analysis of neutron diffraction from single crystals of the spin-liquid pyrochlore Tb2Ti2O7 under the application of magnetic fields along the crystallographic [110] direction. Such a perturbation has been shown to destroy the spin-liquid ground state and induce long-range order, although the nature of the ordered state was not immediately determined. Recently, it has been proposed that the ordered state is characterized by spin-ice-like correlations, evincing an emergent ferromagnetic tendency in this material despite the large negative Curie-Weiss constant. Here, we argue instead that the ordered state is dominated by Q not equal 0 correlations that emerge either from strong antiferromagnetism or magnetoelastic distortion of the crystal. In contrast to previous reports, we observe no evidence for re-entrant behavior in the high-field limit. Extreme sensitivity of the ordered state to the alignment of the applied field is suggested to account for these discrepancies. C1 [Ruff, J. P. C.; Gaulin, B. D.] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Gaulin, B. D.] McMaster Univ, Brockhouse Inst Mat Res, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Gaulin, B. D.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. [Rule, K. C.] Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin Mat & Energie, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. [Gardner, J. S.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gardner, J. S.] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. RP Ruff, JPC (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. RI Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009; Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013 FU NSERC of Canada FX The authors would like to thank Pat Clancy and Michel Gingras for useful discussions and a critical reading of the manuscript, and acknowledge the contributions of John Copley and Yiming Qiu to the measurements performed at DCS. This work was supported by NSERC of Canada. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 1 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 10 AR 100401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.100401 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 645JE UT WOS:000281450400001 ER PT J AU O'Corry-Crowe, G Lydersen, C Heide-Jorgensen, MP Hansen, L Mukhametov, LM Dove, O Kovacs, KM AF O'Corry-Crowe, Gregory Lydersen, Christian Heide-Jorgensen, Mads Peter Hansen, Lauren Mukhametov, Lev M. Dove, Outi Kovacs, Kit M. TI Population genetic structure and evolutionary history of North Atlantic beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from West Greenland, Svalbard and the White Sea SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE White whale; Population structure; mtDNA; Microsatellites; Isolation with migration; Climate ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; MIGRATION RATES; AMERICAN POPULATIONS; COALESCENT APPROACH; AUTUMN MOVEMENTS; BOWHEAD WHALES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BEAUFORT SEA AB Population structure in many Arctic marine mammal species reflects a dynamic interplay between physical isolating mechanisms and the extent to which dispersal opportunities are met. We examined variation within mtDNA and eight microsatellite markers to investigate population structure and demographic history in beluga whales in the North Atlantic. Genetic heterogeneity was observed between Svalbard and West Greenland that reveals limited gene flow over ecological time scales. Differentiation was also recorded between Atlantic belugas and two previously studied populations in the North Pacific, the Beaufort Sea and Gulf of Alaska. However, Bayesian cluster analysis of the nDNA data identified two population clusters that did not correspond to the respective ocean basins, as predicted, but to: (1) Arctic (Svalbard-White Sea-Greenland-Beaufort Sea) and (2) Subarctic (Gulf of Alaska) regions. Similarly, the deepest phylogeographic signal was between the Arctic populations and the Gulf of Alaska. Fitting an isolation-with-migration model yielded genetic abundance estimates that match census estimates and revealed that Svalbard and the Beaufort Sea likely diverged 7,600-35,400 years ago but have experienced recurrent periods with gene flow since then, most likely via the Russian Arctic during subsequent warm periods. Considering current projections of continued sea ice losses in the Arctic, this study identified likely routes of future contact among extant beluga populations, and other mobile marine species, which have implications for genetic introgression, health, ecology and behavior. C1 [O'Corry-Crowe, Gregory] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch, Oceanog Inst, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [O'Corry-Crowe, Gregory; Hansen, Lauren] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Lydersen, Christian; Dove, Outi; Kovacs, Kit M.] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. [Heide-Jorgensen, Mads Peter] Greenland Inst Nat Resources, Nuuk 3900, Greenland. [Mukhametov, Lev M.] Severtsov Inst Ecol & Evolut, Moscow 117071, Russia. RP O'Corry-Crowe, G (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch, Oceanog Inst, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. EM gocorryc@hboi.fau.edu FU U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service; Norwegian Polar Institute, (Tromso, Norway) FX We thank the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service and the Norwegian Polar Institute, (Tromso, Norway) for providing logistical and financial support. Thanks also to Magnus Andersen, Mike Fedak, Colin Hunter and Ole Anders Nost who helped with the collection of tissue samples. Special thanks are extended to Carolina Bonin and Amy Frey for conducting much of the lab work, and to Barbara Taylor, Leader of the Population Identity Program at the Southwest Fisheries Science Center for providing laboratory facilities. The Beaufort Sea and Gulf of Alaska samples are part of a large study of Nearctic belugas conducted in collaboration with the Alaska Beluga Whale Committee, Barbara Mahoney, Robert Suydam, Rod Hobbs and Lois Harwood. Thanks to Per Palsboll and two anonymous reviewers who provided valuable criticism that resulted in a greatly improved final paper. HBOI contribution no. 1810. NR 77 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 61 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 EI 1432-2056 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 33 IS 9 BP 1179 EP 1194 DI 10.1007/s00300-010-0807-y PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 637FQ UT WOS:000280802000003 ER PT J AU Tan, KT White, CC Benatti, DJ Hunston, DL AF Tan, K. T. White, C. C. Benatti, D. J. Hunston, D. L. TI Effects of ultraviolet radiation, temperature and moisture on aging of coatings and sealants - A chemical and rheological study SO POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY LA English DT Article DE Aging; Chemorheological tool; Coatings; Degradation; SBS; Sealants ID PHOTOOXIDATION; STYRENE; COPOLYMER AB Photodegradation of polymeric materials leads to significant modifications in both chemical properties and mechanical-rheological behaviors over time. Thus, it is important to characterize both properties to gain a better understanding of the durability of the materials. In this contribution, the chemorheological tools based upon Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) were used to study the effects of temperature and moisture on photodegradation of a model sealant/coating system based upon a styrene-butadiene-styrene triblock copolymer. Specimens were exposed coincidentally to ultraviolet-visible radiation between 295 nm and 600 nm, and one of four different combinations of temperature and relative humidity (RH), i.e., (a) 30 degrees C and <1% RH, (b) 30 degrees C and 80% RH, (c) 55 degrees C and <1% RH, and (d) 55 degrees C and 80% RH. The rate of photodegradation was examined in terms of formation of oxidation species and evolution of mechanical-rheological data, including glass transition temperatures, moduli, and the number of effective crosslinked butadiene chains per unit volume per exposure time. Environmental exposure resulted in similar degradation modes for all four environments but the rate of photodegradation was found to depend strongly on temperature. Conversely, the role of moisture on photodegradation was not significant. The study shows that chemical modification can be directly related to the corresponding rheological modifications. In addition, the relative stability of styrene and butadiene against photodegradation as a function of temperature and moisture was compared. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Tan, K. T.; White, C. C.; Benatti, D. J.; Hunston, D. L.] NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP White, CC (reprint author), NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Mat & Construct Res Div, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8615, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kar.tan@nist.gov; christopher.white@nist.gov FU NIST/industry consortium entitled the Service Life Prediction of Sealant Materials FX The support from a NIST/industry consortium entitled the Service Life Prediction of Sealant Materials is greatly appreciated. Participating companies include DAP, Degussa, Dow Corning, Kaneka Texas, SIKA, Solvay, Tremco and Wacker Silicones. Technical assistances from Jason Garver and Arthur Ellison are highly appreciated. Kraton Polymer, Inc. is gratefully acknowledged for supplying the study material. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-3910 J9 POLYM DEGRAD STABIL JI Polym. Degrad. Stabil. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 95 IS 9 BP 1551 EP 1556 DI 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.06.008 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 644IV UT WOS:000281369500015 ER PT J AU Davis, R Chin, J Lin, CC Petit, S AF Davis, Rick Chin, Joannie Lin, Chiao-Chi Petit, Sylvain TI Accelerated weathering of polyaramid and polybenzimidazole firefighter protective clothing fabrics SO POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY LA English DT Article DE Polyaramid; Polybenzimidazole; Firefighter; Accelerated weathering ID ARAMID FIBERS; FUEL-CELLS; DEGRADATION AB Exposure to simulated ultraviolet sunlight at 50 degrees C and 50% relative humidity caused a significant deterioration in the mechanical performance of polyaramid and polyaramid/polybenzimidazole based outer shell fabrics used in firefighter jacket and pants. After 13 days of exposure to these conditions the tear resistance and tensile strength of both fabrics decreased by more than 40%. The polybenzimidazole containing fabric was less impacted by these conditions as it maintained approximately 20% more of its mechanical properties. These conditions also significantly degraded a water repellant coating on the fabric, which is critical to the water absorption performance of the outer shell fabrics. However, these conditions had little impact on the ultraviolet light protection of the outer shell as both fabrics still blocked 94% of ultraviolet light after 13 days of exposure. Confocal microscopy showed these conditions caused significant surface decomposition of and the switch from ductile to brittle failure of the polyaramid fibers. Cleavage of the amide linkages and the formation of oxidation species (as observed by Infrared spectroscopy) suggested these conditions caused photo-oxidation of the polyaramid fibers. There was little evidence of polybenzimidazole fiber degradation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Davis, Rick; Chin, Joannie; Lin, Chiao-Chi; Petit, Sylvain] NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Davis, R (reprint author), NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr,MS-8665, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rick.davis@nist.gov NR 26 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-3910 J9 POLYM DEGRAD STABIL JI Polym. Degrad. Stabil. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 95 IS 9 BP 1642 EP 1654 DI 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.05.029 PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 644IV UT WOS:000281369500026 ER PT J AU Fang, J Burghardt, WR Bubeck, RA Burgard, SM Fischer, DA AF Fang, Jun Burghardt, Wesley R. Bubeck, Robert A. Burgard, Susan M. Fischer, Daniel A. TI Bulk and Surface Molecular Orientation Distribution in Injection-Molded Liquid Crystalline Polymers: Experiment and Simulation SO POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; X-RAY-SCATTERING; CLOSURE APPROXIMATIONS; COPOLYESTER MOLDINGS; NEMATIC POLYMERS; CHANNEL FLOWS; COMPLEX FLOW; SHEAR; REFLECTION; TRANSIENT AB Bulk and surface distributions of molecular orientation in injection-molded plaques of thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers (TLCPs) have been studied using a combination of techniques, coordinated with process simulations using the Larson-Doi "polydomain" model. Wide-angle X-ray scattering was used to map out the bulk orientation distribution. Fourier Transform Infrared Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR-ATR) and Near-Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) were utilized to probe the molecular orientation states to within about similar to 5 mu m and similar to 2 nm, respectively, of the sample surface. These noninvasive, surface-sensitive techniques yield reasonable self-consistency, providing complementary validation of the robustness of these methods. An analogy between Larson-Doi and fiber orientation models has allowed the first simulations of TLCP injection molding. The simulations capture many fine details in the bulk orientation distribution across the sample plaque. Direct simulation of surface orientation at the level probed by FTIR-ATR and NEXAFS was not possible due to the limited spatial resolution of the simulations. However, simulation results extracted from the shear-dominant skin region are found to provide a qualitatively accurate indicator of surface orientation. Finally, simulations capture the relation between bulk and surface orientation states across the different regions of the sample plaque. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 50:1864-1877, 2010. (C) 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers C1 [Fang, Jun; Burghardt, Wesley R.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Bubeck, Robert A.; Burgard, Susan M.] Michigan Mol Inst, Midland, MI 48640 USA. [Burgard, Susan M.] Saginaw Valley State Univ, University Ctr, MI 48710 USA. [Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Burghardt, WR (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM w-burghardt@northwestern.edu RI Burghardt, Wesley/B-7642-2009 FU National Science Foundation [DMI-0521771, 0521823]; U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Energy [W-31-102-Eng-38] FX Contract grant sponsor: National Science Foundation; contract grant numbers: DMI-0521771, 0521823.; The NEXAFS experiments were carried out at the NIST/Dow Soft X-ray Materials Characterization Facility at beam line U7A at the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the United States Department of Energy, Division of Materials Sciences and Chemical Sciences. Wideangle X-ray scattering experiments were conducted at the DuPont-Northwestern-Dow Collaborative Access Team (DND-CAT) Synchrotron Research Center located at Sector 5 of the Advanced Photon Source of Argonne National Laboratory. DND-CAT is supported by the E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Co., the Dow Chemical Company, and the National Science Foundation through Grant DMR9304725 and the State of Illinois through the Department of Commerce and the Board of Higher Education Grant IBHE HECA NINU 96. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Energy Research, under Contract No. W-31-102-Eng-38. The authors thank Lowell Thomas (M.M.I.) for his assistance in sample fabrication, Kathey Robertson (M.M.I.) and Dick Nyquist for their assistance in the IR measurements and the assignment of absorption bands, and Judy Eastland (M.M.I.) for library support. The authors thank Ticona for their kind donation of Vectra A950. Certain commercial equipment is identified in the article in order to adequately specify the experimental procedure. In no case does such identification imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the items identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0032-3888 J9 POLYM ENG SCI JI Polym. Eng. Sci. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 50 IS 9 BP 1864 EP 1877 DI 10.1002/pen.21710 PG 14 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 641KI UT WOS:000281123700018 ER PT J AU Liu, LJ Liu, DM Huang, QZ Zhang, TL Zhang, L Yue, M Lynn, JW Zhang, JX AF Liu, L. J. Liu, D. M. Huang, Q. Z. Zhang, T. L. Zhang, L. Yue, M. Lynn, J. W. Zhang, J. X. TI Neutron diffraction study of the magnetic refrigerant Mn1.1Fe0.9P0.76Ge0.24 SO POWDER DIFFRACTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Chinese National Conference on X-Ray Diffraction/ICDD Workshop CY OCT 12-15, 2009 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Comm Powder Diffract, Chinese Soc Crystallograp, Comm X-ray Diffraction, Chinese Soc Physics, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Int Ctr Diffract Data, Beijing Ceramic Soc, Shanghai Jiaotong Univ, Shangai Inst Ceramic DE neutron diffraction; crystal structure; magnetic refrigerant ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE AB Polycrystalline Mn1.1Fe0.9P0.76Ge0.24 was prepared by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering. Neutron diffraction was used to determine the structure of the title compound, and its nuclear and magnetic structures were refined using the Rietveld method. It is found that temperature and magnetic field can induce phase transition between the paramagnetic and the ferromagnetic phases in the material, and the paramagnetic and ferromagnetic phases have very distinct crystal structures and different Ge contents. (C) 2010 International Centre for Diffraction Data. [DOT: 10.1154/1.3478986] C1 [Liu, L. J.; Liu, D. M.; Zhang, T. L.; Zhang, L.] Beijing Univ Technol, Inst Microstruct & Property Adv Mat, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China. [Huang, Q. Z.; Lynn, J. W.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yue, M.; Zhang, J. X.] Beijing Univ Technol, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China. RP Liu, DM (reprint author), Beijing Univ Technol, Inst Microstruct & Property Adv Mat, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China. EM dmliu@bjut.edu.cn NR 8 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU J C P D S-INT CENTRE DIFFRACTION DATA PI NEWTOWN SQ PA 12 CAMPUS BLVD, NEWTOWN SQ, PA 19073-3273 USA SN 0885-7156 J9 POWDER DIFFR JI Powder Diffr. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 25 IS 3 SU 1 BP S25 EP S27 DI 10.1154/1.3478986 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 657BS UT WOS:000282386800007 ER PT J AU Tretyakov, KV Todua, NG Borisov, RS Zaikin, VG Stein, SE Mikaia, AI AF Tretyakov, Kirill V. Todua, Nino G. Borisov, Roman S. Zaikin, Vladimir G. Stein, Stephen E. Mikaia, Anzor I. TI Unique para-effect in electron ionization mass spectra of bis(perfluoroacyl) derivatives of bifunctional aminobenzenes SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article AB A new kind of 'para-effect' under electron ionization (EI) conditions has been discovered for a series of bis(perfluoroacyl) derivatives of o-, m- and p-phenylenediamines, -hydroxybenzeneamines and -mercaptobenzeneamines of a common structure RCOX C(6)H(4) NHCOR (X = NH, S, O; R = CF(3), C(2)F(5), C(3)F(7)). Only the para-isomers showed successive loss of a radical RCO(center dot) and a molecule RCN, leading to very intense peaks in the EI spectra. The composition and the origin of the [M-COR-NCR](+) ions were confirmed by exact mass measurements and linked scan experiments. The proposed mechanism of their formation takes into account likely para-quinoid structures of the precursor ions. A similar rearrangement has not been observed for para-isomers in the series of bis(perfluoroacyl) derivatives of benze-nediols, mercaptophenols and dimercaptobenzenes. Published in (C) 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Tretyakov, Kirill V.; Todua, Nino G.; Stein, Stephen E.; Mikaia, Anzor I.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Borisov, Roman S.; Zaikin, Vladimir G.] RAS, AV Topchiev Petrochem Synth Inst, Moscow 117901, Russia. RP Tretyakov, KV (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8320, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kirill.tretyakov@nist.gov FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 5 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 24 IS 17 BP 2529 EP 2532 DI 10.1002/rcm.4661 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 644ED UT WOS:000281355000006 PM 20740526 ER PT J AU Mann, JL Kelly, WR AF Mann, Jacqueline L. Kelly, W. Robert TI Measurement of the delta S-34 value in methionine by double spike multi-collector thermal ionization mass spectrometry using Carius tube digestiont SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ISOTOPE REFERENCE MATERIALS; S-33-S-36 DOUBLE SPIKE; STABLE-ISOTOPE; IAEA SULFUR; HOMOCYSTEINE; METABOLISM; FRACTIONATION; MOLYBDENUM; METEORITES; ABUNDANCES AB Methionine is an essential amino acid and is the primary source of sulfur for humans. Using the double spike (S-33-S-36) multi-collector thermal ionization mass spectrometry (MC-TIMS) technique, three sample bottles of a methionine material obtained from the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements have been measured for delta S-34 and sulfur concentration. The mean delta S-34 value, relative to Vienna Canyon Diablo Troilite (VCDT), determined was 10.34 +/- 0.11 parts per thousand (n = 9) with the uncertainty reported as expanded uncertainties (U). These delta S-34 measurements include a correction for blank which has been previously ignored in studies of sulfur isotopic composition. The sulfur concentrations for the three bottles range from 56 to 88 mu g/g. The isotope composition and concentration results demonstrate the high accuracy and precision of the DS-MC-TIMS technique for measuring sulfur in methionine. Published in (C) 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Mann, Jacqueline L.; Kelly, W. Robert] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Inorgan Chem Metrol Grp, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mann, JL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Inorgan Chem Metrol Grp, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,MS8391, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jmann@nist.gov NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 24 IS 17 BP 2673 EP 2679 DI 10.1002/rcm.4686 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 644ED UT WOS:000281355000025 PM 20740545 ER PT J AU Ballance, LT Whitty, T AF Ballance, Lisa T. Whitty, Tara TI Ecosystem-Based Management for the Oceans SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Ballance, Lisa T.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Ballance, Lisa T.; Whitty, Tara] Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Ballance, LT (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Lisa.Ballance@noaa.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 18 IS 5 BP 780 EP 781 PG 2 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 646OS UT WOS:000281552500018 ER PT J AU Gerbig, YB Stranick, SJ Cook, RF AF Gerbig, Yvonne B. Stranick, Stephan J. Cook, Robert F. TI Measurement of residual stress field anisotropy at indentations in silicon SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Nanoindentation; Raman spectroscopy; Silicon; Residual stresses ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SINGLE-CRYSTAL SILICON; PHASE-TRANSFORMATIONS; CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC ORIENTATION; CARRIER MOBILITY; SI; DEFORMATION; HARDNESS; NANOINDENTATION; TRANSITION AB The residual stress field around spherical indentations on single-crystal silicon of different crystallographic orientations is mapped by Raman microscopy. All orientations exhibit an anisotropic stress pattern with an orientation specific symmetry that can be related to the number and type of the active {111}< 110 > slip systems Residual compressive stress is concentrated in lobes oriented along the projection onto the indented plane of the activated slip plane normal and tensile stress regions are arranged alternating with the compressive stress lobes Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc C1 [Gerbig, Yvonne B.; Cook, Robert F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stranick, Stephan J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gerbig, YB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 41 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 63 IS 5 BP 512 EP 515 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2010.05.017 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 627OE UT WOS:000280048400014 ER PT J AU Xu, HHK Zhao, LA Detamore, MS Takagi, S Chow, LC AF Xu, Hockin H. K. Zhao, Liang Detamore, Michael S. Takagi, Shozo Chow, Laurence C. TI Umbilical Cord Stem Cell Seeding on Fast-Resorbable Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement SO TISSUE ENGINEERING PART A LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO CHARACTERIZATION; MARROW STROMAL CELLS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; OSTEOGENIC DIFFERENTIATION; TISSUE REGENERATION; ALGINATE HYDROGELS; BIOACTIVE GLASS; SCAFFOLDS; BIOCOMPATIBILITY; REINFORCEMENT AB Tissue engineering offers immense promise for bone regeneration. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) can be collected without invasive procedures required for bone marrow MSCs. The objective of this study was to investigate the physical properties and the differentiation capacity of hUCMSCs on calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffolds with improved dissolution/resorption rates. CPC consisted of tetracalcium phosphate and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous, with various tetracalcium phosphate/dicalcium phosphate anhydrous ratios. At 1/3 ratio, CPC had a dissolution rate 40% faster than CPC control at 1/1. The faster-resorbable CPC had strength and modulus similar to CPC control. Their strength and modulus exceeded the reported values for cancellous bone, and were much higher than those of hydrogels and injectable polymers for cell delivery. hUCMSCs attached to the nano-apatitic CPC and proliferated rapidly. hUCMSCs differentiated into the osteogenic lineage, with significant increases in alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin, collagen I, and osterix gene expression. In conclusion, in this study we reported that hUCMSCs attaching to CPC with high dissolution/resorption rate showed excellent proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. hUCMSCs delivered via high-strength CPC have the potential to be an inexhaustible and low-cost alternative to the gold-standard human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. These results may broadly impact stem-cell-based tissue engineering. C1 [Xu, Hockin H. K.; Zhao, Liang] Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Stem Cell Biol & Regenerat Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Detamore, Michael S.] Univ Kansas, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Takagi, Shozo; Chow, Laurence C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Xu, HHK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, 650 W Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM hxu@umaryland.edu FU NIH [R01DE14190, R01DE17974, R01DE11789]; State of Kansas; Maryland Stem Cell Research Fund; University of Maryland Dental School FX We thank Dr. C.G. Simon at the National Institute of Standards and Technology for discussions, and A.A. Giuseppetti for help with the SEM. We are indebted to Dr. M. D. Weir and Dr. J.P. Fisher at the University of Maryland for discussions and help. This study was supported by NIH grants R01DE14190 (HX), R01DE17974 (HX), R01DE11789 (LC), the State of Kansas (MD), Maryland Stem Cell Research Fund (HX), and the University of Maryland Dental School. NR 62 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1937-3341 J9 TISSUE ENG PT A JI Tissue Eng. Part A PD SEP PY 2010 VL 16 IS 9 BP 2743 EP 2753 DI 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0757 PG 11 WC Cell & Tissue Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Cell Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 643IJ UT WOS:000281288500005 PM 20388037 ER PT J AU Beakes, MP Satterthwaite, WH Collins, EM Swank, DR Merz, JE Titus, RG Sogard, SM Mangel, M AF Beakes, Michael P. Satterthwaite, William H. Collins, Erin M. Swank, David R. Merz, Joseph E. Titus, Robert G. Sogard, Susan M. Mangel, Marc TI Smolt Transformation in Two California Steelhead Populations: Effects of Temporal Variability in Growth SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; LIFE-HISTORY VARIATION; ATLANTIC SALMON; JUVENILE STEELHEAD; HATCHERY; PATTERNS; WILD; PROXIMATE; GAIRDNERI; SURVIVAL AB We tested the effect of temporal patterns in food supply on life history decisions in coastal steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus from a Central California coastal (CCC) population (Scott Creek) and a Northern California Central Valley (NCCV) population (upper Sacramento River basin). We manipulated growth through feeding experiments conducted from May to the following March using warm (2006 cohort) and cool (2007 cohort) temperature regimes. Survival in seawater challenges just before the time of typical juvenile emigration provided an index of steelhead smolt versus nonsmolt life history pathways. Survival varied significantly with fish size (with larger fish being more likely to survive than smaller fish) and by source population (with CCC steelhead being more likely to survive than NCCV steelhead of the same size). The timing of increased food supply (treatment group) did not significantly affect seawater survival rates in either NCCV or CCC steelhead. For both strains, the eventual survivors of seawater challenges (putative smolts) diverged from the eventual mortalities (putative nonsmolts) in both size and growth rate by June in both years, suggesting that the initial growth advantages were maintained throughout the experiments. A significant divergence in condition factor between smolts and nonsmolts by December matched the expected morphological transition of smolts, which showed faster growth in length than weight compared with nonsmolts. The apparent timing of the decision window, several months before the typical period of smolt emigration, matches the patterns observed for other salmonids. In coastal California, this decision must occur before fish have had the opportunity to take advantage of improved winter-early spring feeding conditions. These results support the role of early growth opportunity in life history decisions and provide insight into the applicability of life history models for managing California steelhead. C1 [Beakes, Michael P.; Satterthwaite, William H.; Mangel, Marc] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Beakes, Michael P.; Sogard, Susan M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Satterthwaite, William H.] MRAG Amer, Capitola, CA 95010 USA. [Collins, Erin M.; Titus, Robert G.] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Sacramento, CA 95826 USA. [Swank, David R.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Merz, Joseph E.] Cramer Fish Sci, Auburn, CA 95603 USA. [Merz, Joseph E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Beakes, MP (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM michael.beakes@noaa.gov FU CALFED Science Program [SCI-05-140]; [U-05-SC-40] FX This material is based upon work supported by the CALFED Science Program under Science Program Project No. SCI-05-140 to Marc Mangel, Susan Sogard, and Rob Titus under grant agreement number U-05-SC-40. NOAA's Center for Stock Assessment Research provided additional support. We thank the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Kurtis Brown, The Monterey Bay Salmon and Trout project, Dave Streig, the University of California-Santa Cruz Center for Stock Assessment research laboratory, the NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center and employees therein for providing technical and logistic support in addition to the facilities with which to conduct these rearing experiments. NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 32 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 139 IS 5 BP 1263 EP 1275 DI 10.1577/T09-146.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 659VC UT WOS:000282594000001 ER PT J AU Seitz, AC Norcross, BL Payne, JC Kagley, AN Meloy, B Gregg, JL Hershberger, PK AF Seitz, Andrew C. Norcross, Brenda L. Payne, John C. Kagley, Anna N. Meloy, Buck Gregg, Jacob L. Hershberger, Paul K. TI Feasibility of Surgically Implanting Acoustic Tags into Pacific Herring SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID VIRAL HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA; GROWTH; SALMON; TROUT AB Internally implanted acoustic tags represent a potentially valuable approach to assessing the seasonal migration and distribution patterns of Pacific herring Clupea palasii. We examined the feasibility of implanting two sizes of dummy acoustic tags (9 mm in diameter x 21 mm long, 1.6 g; and 7 mm in diameter x 18 mm long, 0.7 g) in Pacific herring that had been held in captivity for nearly a year and that ranged from 165 to 215 mm in fork length (FL) and from 41.6 to 142.6 g. Relatively low mortality (4%) and tag shedding (4%), as well as growth similar to that observed in control fish after 135 d, indicate that, with proper handling, Pacific herring are amenable to surgical implantation of acoustic tags. C1 [Seitz, Andrew C.; Norcross, Brenda L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Kagley, Anna N.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Payne, John C.] Pacific Ocean Shelf Tracking Project, Vancouver, BC V6B 3X8, Canada. [Gregg, Jacob L.; Hershberger, Paul K.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. RP Seitz, AC (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM aseitz@sfos.uaf.edu FU Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council [070819]; University of Alaska Fairbanks FX This research was conducted under the University of Alaska-Fairbanks Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Assurance of Animal Care 08-69. Partial funding for this project was provided by the Pacific Ocean Shelf Tracking Project, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Program, Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council Project 070819, and the University of Alaska Fairbanks. Additional technical support was provided by Rachael Collins, USGS Marrowstone Marine Field Station, and Wyatt Fournier, NOAA Fisheries, Ted Stevens Marine Science Institute. Pacific herring were provided by Marty Sanbeck. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of Interior or the USGS of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 139 IS 5 BP 1288 EP 1291 DI 10.1577/T09-195.1 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 659VC UT WOS:000282594000003 ER PT J AU Dann, TH Smoker, WW Hard, JJ Gharrett, AJ AF Dann, Tyler H. Smoker, William W. Hard, Jeffrey J. Gharrett, Anthony J. TI Outbreeding Depression after Two Generations of Hybridizing Southeast Alaska Coho Salmon Populations? SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BROODYEAR PINK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY; ATLANTIC SALMON; SOCKEYE-SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; DEVELOPMENTAL INSTABILITY; GENETIC-VARIATION; WILD POPULATIONS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA AB No fitness loss was detected in second-generation hybrids, relative to parental controls, between three pairs of coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch populations from Southeast Alaska, in which groups were cultured in a common freshwater environment, released to sea together, and recovered together as adults. Divergence among the populations as measured by neutral molecular markers was significant. Marine survival did not differ among parental groups, F(1) groups, F(2) groups, and hybrid groups, between parental and hybrid groups, and between parental and F(2) groups. Marine survival of F(1) hybrids in the first generation of the experiment exceeded that of parental controls but did not differ among parental or F(1) groups, although the power of the latter tests was low. Tests for the loss of fitness in hybrids relative to parental controls based on fluctuating asymmetry (FA) yielded only one significant result among six tests, and in many instances hybrids exhibited less FA than parental controls. Body length differed among years, populations, sexes, and cross types (parental, F(1) hybrids, and F(2) hybrids); the differences among cross types were consistent with among-population differences. In contrast, bilateral meristic counts exhibited little variability (coefficients of variation = 0.02-0.09). Meristic differences among years probably reflect the effects of the different environments experienced by the fish. The small variability in bilateral meristic characters suggests strong genetic canalization for these traits. Although no losses in fitness (as measured by marine survival and FA) were observed, the power of each of our tests was low and the among-population differences were unique to this experiment. C1 [Dann, Tyler H.; Smoker, William W.; Gharrett, Anthony J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau Ctr, Div Fisheries, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Hard, Jeffrey J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Dann, TH (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Gene Conservat Lab, Div Commercial Fisheries, 333 Raspberry Rd, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. EM tyler.dann@alaska.gov RI Hard, Jeffrey/C-7229-2009 FU National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, Washington (NOAA) [50ABNF600123] FX This research represents, in part, the master's thesis of T. Dann at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. The authors thank K. Bush (Granath), S. Walden, D. Oxman, S. Hall, I. Wang, A. Sreenivasan, J. Echave, M. Garvin, L. Kamin, K. Palof, M. Malick, P. J. Hulson, C. Reese, S. Triebenbach, and S. Schick for their technical assistance. R. Focht of Douglas Island Pink and Chum, Inc., L. Garrison and S. Reifenstuhl of Northern Southeast Regional Aquaculture Association, and S. Doherty of Southern Southeast Regional Aquaculture Association and their staffs provided mature salmon and historical information. R. Josephson and D. Buettner, and the staff of the Alaska Department of Fish & Game's Mark, Tag and Age Laboratory provided on-site CWT recovery and decoding and CWT database analysis. Douglas Island Pink and Chum, Inc. provided facilities and fish culture assistance. W. S. Grant, two anonymous reviewers, and an associate editor contributed valuable comments to this manuscript. This project was supported by a grant from the National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, Washington (NOAA Grant 50ABNF600123) and was carried out in accordance with policy and regulations of the State of Alaska. Animal Care and Use protocols for this research were approved by the University of Alaska Fairbanks. NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 139 IS 5 BP 1292 EP 1305 DI 10.1577/T09-203.1 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 659VC UT WOS:000282594000004 ER PT J AU Laikre, L Schwartz, MK Waples, RS Ryman, N AF Laikre, Linda Schwartz, Michael K. Waples, Robin S. Ryman, Nils CA GeM Working Grp TI Compromising genetic diversity in the wild: unmonitored large-scale release of plants and animals SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Review ID STOCK-ENHANCEMENT PROGRAMS; EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; RED DRUM; ATLANTIC SALMON; NATURAL HYBRIDIZATION; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; GENOTYPIC DIVERSITY; PACIFIC SALMON; BROWN TROUT; TEXAS BAYS AB Large-scale exploitation of wild animals and plants through fishing, hunting and logging often depends on augmentation through releases of translocated or captively raised individuals. Such releases are performed worldwide in vast numbers. Augmentation can be demographically and economically beneficial but can also cause four types of adverse genetic change to wild populations: (1) loss of genetic variation, (2) loss of adaptations, (3) change of population composition, and (4) change of population structure. While adverse genetic impacts are recognized and documented in fisheries, little effort is devoted to actually monitoring them. In forestry and wildlife management, genetic risks associated with releases are largely neglected. We outline key features of programs to effectively monitor consequences of such releases on natural populations. C1 [Laikre, Linda; Ryman, Nils] Stockholm Univ, Dept Zool, Div Populat Genet, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Schwartz, Michael K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Waples, Robin S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Laikre, L (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Zool, Div Populat Genet, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM linda.laikre@popgen.su.se RI Hansen, Michael/I-5979-2013; Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014; Olivieri, Isabelle/E-5872-2016; Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 OI Hansen, Michael/0000-0001-5372-4828; Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367; FU National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NSF) [EF-0423641]; U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB-0553768]; University of California, Santa Barbara; State of California; Swedish Research Council; Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (Formas); BONUS Baltic Organisations' Network for Funding Science EEIG FX We thank three anonymous reviewers for valuable comments and suggestions. We also thank John Gold and Michael Tringali for information about red drum. This work was conducted as part of the 'Working Group on Genetic Monitoring: Development of Tools for Conservation and Management' supported by the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NSF #EF-0423641) and the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a Center funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF #DEB-0553768), the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the State of California. L.L. and N.R. acknowledge financial support from The Swedish Research Council, The Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (Formas), and the BONUS Baltic Organisations' Network for Funding Science EEIG (the Balt Gene research project). NR 97 TC 163 Z9 168 U1 12 U2 143 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 25 IS 9 BP 520 EP 529 DI 10.1016/j.tree.2010.06.013 PG 10 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 647YT UT WOS:000281657500009 PM 20688414 ER PT J AU Dahlheim, ME White, PA AF Dahlheim, Marilyn E. White, Paula A. TI Ecological aspects of transient killer whales Orcinus orca as predators in southeastern Alaska SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE area usage; kill rates; marine predator; prey handling; prey selection; southeastern Alaska; transient killer whales ID SEQUENTIAL MEGAFAUNAL COLLAPSE; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; SEA OTTERS; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; FEEDING SUCCESS; HUMPBACK WHALES; SPERM-WHALES AB In this study we present empirical data on predator numbers, movements and area usage, and predation obtained from tracking transient killer whales Orcinus orca throughout the inland waters of southeastern Alaska, USA. During 19912007, we documented 155 transient killer whales via photo-identification methodology within the large study area (27,808 km(2)). Transient killer whales were distributed throughout southeastern Alaska and were present during all seasons, although not all individuals were seen every year. Resighting data suggested that within southeastern Alaska, maternal groups may partition area usage of their environment. By following whales for 1,467 km, we calculated a mean travel speed of 7.2 km/hour with mean daily movements of 134 km +/- 88 km/24 hours and ranging within 59-240 km/24 hours. Photographic matches demonstrated that most of the transient killer. whales (86%) identified in southeastern Alaska also utilized British Columbia and Washington State waters. In contrast, photographic matches between whales in southeastern Alaska and whales seen off of California, USA, were rare, suggesting that different transient killer whale stocks occupy these two regions. Transient killer whales preyed upon Dall's porpoise Phocoenoides dalli, Pacific white-sided dolphins Lagenoryhcus obliquidens, harbor porpoise Phocoena phocoena, minke whales Balaenoptera acutorostrata, Steller sea lions Eumetopias jubatus, harbor seals Phoca vitulina and seabirds. Potential prey species that were available, but not targeted, included humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae, elephant seals Mirounga angustirostris and sea otters Enhydra lutris. Prey-handling techniques varied depending on the prey being targeted with no evidence of prey specialization. During 114 encounters totaling 332.5 hours of direct observations of transient killer whales, we documented 36 predation events for a calculated kill rate of 0.62 prey items/24-hour period/whale. The data we present in this article provide a foundation of transient killer whale ecology aimed at improving our ability to understand the impact of transient killer whale predation on southeastern Alaska prey populations. C1 [Dahlheim, Marilyn E.] Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [White, Paula A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dahlheim, ME (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM marilyn.dahlheim@noaa.gov; paw@carnivoreconservation.com RI Bignell, Elisha/F-5890-2014 OI Bignell, Elisha/0000-0003-4136-2377 NR 60 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 8 U2 82 PU WILDLIFE BIOLOGY PI RONDE PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK SN 0909-6396 J9 WILDLIFE BIOL JI Wildlife Biol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 16 IS 3 BP 308 EP 322 DI 10.2981/09-075 PG 15 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 673ZG UT WOS:000283702100010 ER PT J AU Mah, C Nizinski, M Lundsten, L AF Mah, Christopher Nizinski, Martha Lundsten, Lonny TI Phylogenetic revision of the Hippasterinae (Goniasteridae; Asteroidea): systematics of deep sea corallivores, including one new genus and three new species (vol 160, pg 266, 2010) SO ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Correction C1 [Mah, Christopher] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Nizinski, Martha] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Lundsten, Lonny] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Video Lab, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. RP Mah, C (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst Invertebrate Zool, MRC 163,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0024-4082 J9 ZOOL J LINN SOC-LOND JI Zool. J. Linn. Soc. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 160 IS 3 BP 620 EP 620 DI 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00703.x PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 672QH UT WOS:000283601500010 ER PT J AU Draxler, RR Ginoux, P Stein, AF AF Draxler, Roland R. Ginoux, Paul Stein, Ariel F. TI An empirically derived emission algorithm for wind-blown dust SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL PROPERTIES; UNITED-STATES; MODEL; TRANSPORT; VARIABILITY; SENSITIVITY; EXTINCTION; THRESHOLD; STORMS; CYCLE AB A wind-blown dust emission algorithm was developed by matching the frequency of high-aerosol optical depth (AOD) events derived from the MODIS Deep Blue algorithm with the frequency of friction velocities derived from National Centers for Environmental Prediction's North American Mesoscale model. The threshold friction velocity is defined as the velocity that has the same frequency of as the 0.75 AOD. The AODs are converted to an emission flux that is used to compute the linear regression slope of the flux to the friction velocity. The slope represents the potential of a particular land surface to produce airborne dust and, in combination with the friction velocity, is used as a predictor for wind-blown dust emissions. Calculations for a test period of June and July 2007 showed the model prediction to capture the major measured plume events in timing and magnitude, although peak events tended to be overpredicted and many of the near-background level ambient concentrations were underpredicted. Most of the airborne dust loadings are attributed to locations with relatively low threshold friction velocities (<45 cm s(-1)), although these locations only composed of 9% of the total number of source locations. There was some evidence that the duration of wind-blown dust plume events was comparable to the 3 day sampling frequency of the IMPROVE monitoring network. Higher temporal frequency AIRNow observations at Phoenix showed a surprisingly good fit with the magnitude of the model-predicted peak concentrations. C1 [Draxler, Roland R.; Stein, Ariel F.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Ginoux, Paul] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Stein, Ariel F.] Earth Resources Technol, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Draxler, RR (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM roland.draxler@noaa.gov RI Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Stein, Ariel/G-1330-2012; Stein, Ariel F/L-9724-2014 OI Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; Stein, Ariel F/0000-0002-9560-9198 FU NOAA FX This project was carried out under the auspices of NOAA's National Air Quality Forecast Capability, and the views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of NOAA. NR 40 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 31 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D16212 DI 10.1029/2009JD013167 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 646WB UT WOS:000281573700002 ER PT J AU Pfister, L Selkirk, HB Starr, DO Rosenlof, K Newman, PA AF Pfister, L. Selkirk, H. B. Starr, D. O. Rosenlof, K. Newman, P. A. TI A meteorological overview of the TC4 mission SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LOW-LEVEL JET; NORTHWESTERN SOUTH-AMERICA; TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE; DIURNAL PATTERNS; CONVECTION; RAINFALL; PACIFIC; WAVES AB The TC4 mission in Central America during summer 2007 examined convective transport into the tropical UTLS and the evolution of cirrus clouds. The tropical tropopause layer (TTL) circulation is dominated by the Asian monsoon anticyclone and westward winds that stretch from the western Pacific into the Atlantic. During TC4, TTL westward flow over Central America was stronger than normal. Incidence of cold clouds over the Central American region was the third lowest out of 34 years sampled. The major factor was an incipient La Nina, specifically anomalously cold temperatures off the Pacific Coast of South America. Weakness in the low level Caribbean jet caused a shift in the coldest clouds from the Caribbean to the Pacific side of Central America. The character of tropopause temperature variability was that of upward propagating waves generated by local and nonlocal convection. These waves produced tropopause temperature variations of 3 K, with peak-to-peak variations of 8 K. At low levels in Central America, flow from the Sahara desert predominated; further south, the air came from the Amazon region. Convectively influenced air in the upper troposphere came from Central America, the northern Amazon region, the Atlantic ITCZ, and the North American monsoon. In the TTL, Asian and African convection affected the observed air masses. North of 10N in the Central American TTL, African and Asian convection may have contributed as much to the air masses as Central and South American convection. South of 8N, Asian and African convection had far less impact. C1 [Pfister, L.] NASA, Div Earth Sci, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Starr, D. O.; Newman, P. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Rosenlof, K.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Selkirk, H. B.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Pfister, L (reprint author), NASA, Div Earth Sci, Ames Res Ctr, MS 245-5, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM leonhard.pfister@nasa.gov; david.o.starr@nasa.gov; karen.h.rosenlof@nasa.gov; paul.a.newman@nasa.gov RI Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Newman, Paul/D-6208-2012; Selkirk, Henry/H-2021-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270; Newman, Paul/0000-0003-1139-2508; FU NASA FX The authors of this paper would like to acknowledge support from the NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program, the NASA Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program, and the NOAA Atmospheric Composition and Climate program. NR 37 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 31 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D00J12 DI 10.1029/2009JD013316 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 646WB UT WOS:000281573700004 ER PT J AU Idziaszek, Z Quemener, G Bohn, JL Julienne, PS AF Idziaszek, Zbigniew Quemener, Goulven Bohn, John L. Julienne, Paul S. TI Simple quantum model of ultracold polar molecule collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article AB We present a unified formalism for describing chemical reaction rates of trapped, ultracold molecules. This formalism reduces the scattering to its essential features, namely, a propagation of the reactant molecules through a gauntlet of long-range forces before they ultimately encounter one another, followed by a probability for the reaction to occur once they do. In this way, the electric-field dependence should be readily parametrized in terms of a pair of fitting parameters (along with a C(6) coefficient) for each asymptotic value of partial-wave quantum numbers vertical bar L, M(L)>. From this, the electric-field dependence of the collision rates follows automatically. We present examples for reactive species, such as KRb, and nonreactive species, such as RbCs. C1 [Idziaszek, Zbigniew] Univ Warsaw, Fac Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. [Quemener, Goulven; Bohn, John L.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Quemener, Goulven; Bohn, John L.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Julienne, Paul S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Julienne, Paul S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Idziaszek, Z (reprint author), Univ Warsaw, Fac Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. RI Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 FU AFOSR MURI; Polish Government Research Grant FX We gratefully acknowledge support from an AFOSR MURI on Ultracold Molecules, and a Polish Government Research Grant. NR 21 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG 31 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 2 AR 020703 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.82.020703 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 644TZ UT WOS:000281405500003 ER PT J AU Song, QH Ge, L Stone, AD Cao, H Wiersig, J Shim, JB Unterhinninghofen, J Fang, W Solomon, GS AF Song, Q. H. Ge, L. Stone, A. D. Cao, H. Wiersig, J. Shim, J-B Unterhinninghofen, J. Fang, W. Solomon, G. S. TI Directional Laser Emission from a Wavelength-Scale Chaotic Microcavity SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We demonstrate directional output from a deformed disk laser of dimensions comparable to the emission wavelength. Unlike larger deformed cavity lasers, which exhibit universal output directionality determined by chaotic ray dynamics, the far-field patterns differ between lasing modes. The directional emission results from weak coupling of isotropic high-quality modes to anisotropic low-quality modes, combined with chiral symmetry breaking of clockwise and counterclockwise propagating waves. This mechanism makes it possible to control the output properties of wavelength-scale lasers. C1 [Song, Q. H.; Ge, L.; Stone, A. D.; Cao, H.] Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Wiersig, J.; Shim, J-B; Unterhinninghofen, J.] Univ Magdeburg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-39016 Magdeburg, Germany. [Fang, W.; Solomon, G. S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fang, W.; Solomon, G. S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Song, QH (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RI Ge, Li/A-5171-2012; Fang, Wei/B-3794-2010; Cao, Hui/F-4815-2012; Wiersig, Jan/F-1410-2013; Song, Qinghai/C-2197-2014 OI Fang, Wei/0000-0002-6511-3570; FU NIST [70NANB6H6162]; NSF [DMR-0808937, DMR-0908437]; DFG [760] FX This work is supported partly by NIST under Grant No. 70NANB6H6162, by NSF under Grants No. DMR-0808937 and No. DMR-0908437, and by the DFG research group 760. NR 23 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 31 PY 2010 VL 105 IS 10 AR 103902 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.103902 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 644UN UT WOS:000281406900006 ER PT J AU Devictor, ST Morton, SL AF Devictor, Susan T. Morton, Steve L. TI Identification guide to the shallow water (0-200 m) octocorals of the South Atlantic Bight SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Coelenterata; Cnidaria; Octocorallia; Alcyonaria; Gorgonacea; Alcyonacea; Alcyoniidae; Nidaliidae; Nephtheidae; Anthothelidae; Plexauridae; Gorgoniidae; Ellisellidae; Clavulariidae; Renillidae; Kophobelemnidae; Virgulariidae; western Atlantic ID COELENTERATA AB Octocoral diversity is well documented in the tropical western Atlantic and Indo-Pacific, but it has been several decades since a thorough species account of the shallow South Atlantic Bight region was produced (northwestern Atlantic between Cape Hatteras, NC and Cape Canaveral, FL, USA). Through the use of material from the NMNH and SERTC Octocorallia (=Alcyonaria) collections, this work documents the presence of 28 species of octocorals recorded in the shallow (0-200 m) South Atlantic Bight and reports five new range extensions. Included are illustrated keys to the species, synonymies, species images and remarks, and SEM images of sclerites from described species without previously published sclerite imagery. A brief history of previous work and discussion of octocoral morphology are also included. C1 [Devictor, Susan T.] S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, SE Reg Taxon Ctr, Marine Resources Res Inst, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Morton, Steve L.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Devictor, ST (reprint author), S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, SE Reg Taxon Ctr, Marine Resources Res Inst, 217 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM DeVictorS@dnr.sc.gov; Steve.Morton@noaa.gov RI Johnson, Selena/K-3541-2013 NR 75 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD AUG 31 PY 2010 IS 2599 BP 1 EP 62 PG 62 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 645QS UT WOS:000281479700001 ER PT J AU Thorpe, MJ Leibrandt, DR Fortier, TM Rosenband, T AF Thorpe, Michael J. Leibrandt, David R. Fortier, Tara M. Rosenband, Till TI Measurement and real-time cancellation of vibration-induced phase noise in a cavity-stabilized laser SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL FREQUENCY AB We demonstrate a method to measure and actively reduce the coupling of vibrations to the phase noise of a cavity-stabilized laser. This method uses the vibration noise of the laboratory environment rather than active drive to perturb the optical cavity. The laser phase noise is measured via a beat note with a second unperturbed ultra-stable laser while the vibrations are measured by accelerometers positioned around the cavity. A Wiener filter algorithm extracts the frequency and direction dependence of the cavity response function. Once the cavity response function is known, real-time noise cancellation can be implemented by use of the accelerometer measurements to predict and then cancel the laser phase fluctuations. We present real-time noise cancellation that results in a 25 dB reduction of the laser phase noise power spectral density. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Thorpe, Michael J.; Leibrandt, David R.; Fortier, Tara M.; Rosenband, Till] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Thorpe, MJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mthorpe@nist.boulder.gov FU National Research Council FX We thank Jim Bergquist, Dave Howe and Scott Diddams for useful discussions and Andrew Ludlow, Nathan Lemke and Yanyi Jiang for the use of their stabilized 578 nm laser. M. J. Thorpe and D. R. Leibrandt acknowledge support from the National Research Council. This work is not subject to U.S. copyright. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD AUG 30 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 18 BP 18744 EP 18751 DI 10.1364/OE.18.018744 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 653PE UT WOS:000282107900026 PM 20940767 ER PT J AU Bridges, JM Wiese, WL AF Bridges, J. M. Wiese, W. L. TI Transition probability measurements for some strong and weak lines of N I SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID NEUTRAL NITROGEN; ATOMIC-NITROGEN; STATE AB We operated a high-current wall-stabilized arc to generate a low-temperature, steady-state plasma in nitrogen, with admixtures of argon, helium, and oxygen. We measured the relative atomic transition probabilities for several strong and weak 3s-3p and 3p-3d lines of neutral nitrogen and placed them on an absolute scale with experimental lifetime data available in the literature. We obtained good agreement with recent advanced calculations and an earlier measurement for the strong transitions but encountered appreciable discrepancies for weak transitions. C1 [Bridges, J. M.; Wiese, W. L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bridges, JM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG 30 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 2 AR 024502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.82.024502 PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 644DH UT WOS:000281351600029 ER PT J AU Hoefer, MA Silva, TJ Keller, MW AF Hoefer, M. A. Silva, T. J. Keller, Mark W. TI Theory for a dissipative droplet soliton excited by a spin torque nanocontact SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIZATION REVERSAL; GARNET-FILMS; THIN-FILMS; DRIVEN; ANISOTROPY; DEVICES; WAVES AB A distinct type of solitary wave is predicted to form in spin torque oscillators when the free layer has a sufficiently large perpendicular anisotropy. In this structure, which is a dissipative version of the conservative droplet soliton originally studied in 1977 by Ivanov and Kosevich, spin torque counteracts the damping that would otherwise destroy the mode. Asymptotic methods are used to derive conditions on perpendicular anisotropy strength and applied current under which a dissipative droplet can be nucleated and sustained. Numerical methods are used to confirm the stability of the droplet against various perturbations that are likely in experiments, including tilting of the applied field, nonzero spin torque asymmetry, and nontrivial Oersted fields. Under certain conditions, the droplet experiences a drift instability in which it propagates away from the nanocontact and is then destroyed by damping. C1 [Hoefer, M. A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Math, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Silva, T. J.; Keller, Mark W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hoefer, MA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Math, Box 8205, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM mahoefer@ncsu.edu RI Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013; OI Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642; HOEFER, MARK/0000-0001-5883-6562 NR 40 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 30 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 5 AR 054432 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.054432 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 644FB UT WOS:000281357800004 ER PT J AU Geraci, AA Papp, SB Kitching, J AF Geraci, Andrew A. Papp, Scott B. Kitching, John TI Short-Range Force Detection Using Optically Cooled Levitated Microspheres SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CASIMIR FORCE; RADIATION PRESSURE; PARTICLES; TRAP; MANIPULATION; VACUUM; MOTION AB We propose an experiment using optically trapped and cooled dielectric micro-spheres for the detection of short-range forces. The center-of-mass motion of a microsphere trapped in vacuum can experience extremely low dissipation and quality factors of 10(12), leading to yoctonewton force sensitivity. Trapping the sphere in an optical field enables positioning at less than 1 mu m from a surface, a regime where exotic new forces may exist. We expect that the proposed system could advance the search for non-Newtonian gravity forces via an enhanced sensitivity of 10(5)-10(7) over current experiments at the 1 mu m length scale. Moreover, our system may be useful for characterizing other short-range physics such as Casimir forces. C1 [Geraci, Andrew A.; Papp, Scott B.; Kitching, John] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Geraci, AA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM aageraci@boulder.nist.gov OI Kitching, John/0000-0002-4540-1954 FU NRC FX We thank John Bollinger and Jeff Sherman for a careful reading of this manuscript. A. G. and S. P. acknowledge support from the NRC. NR 35 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 30 PY 2010 VL 105 IS 10 AR 101101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.101101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 644LH UT WOS:000281378400003 PM 20867507 ER PT J AU Hammouda, B AF Hammouda, Boualem TI Clustering in polar media SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE) SOLUTIONS; MIXTURES; WATER; EQUILIBRIUM; SCATTERING AB Clustering prevails in water-soluble polymers and biological macromolecules. It has also been observed in polar solvent mixtures. The possible causes of clustering are discussed. A systematic investigation of clustering in poly(ethylene oxide)/d-water solutions has been undertaken using the small-angle neutron scattering method. The poly(ethylene oxide) monomer is formed of an oxygen atom and an ethylene group. Using the random phase approximation, partial Flory-Huggins interaction parameters for the three pairs (oxygen/d-water, ethylene/d-water, and oxygen/ethylene) are derived. Results show that the first two (oxygen/d-water and ethylene/d-water) are characterized by a lower critical solution temperature phase behavior (whereby phase separation occurs upon heating), while the third one (oxygen/ethylene) is characterized by an upper critical solution temperature phase diagram (whereby phase separation occurs upon cooling). It is argued that clustering is caused by the increasing repulsive interaction between oxygen and ethylene for decreasing temperature and increasing polymer volume fraction. This leads to increasing attractive interactions between ethylene groups that stick together. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3484235] C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hammouda, B (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hammouda@nist.gov FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX This work is based upon activities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 28 PY 2010 VL 133 IS 8 AR 084901 DI 10.1063/1.3484235 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 649CE UT WOS:000281743800039 PM 20815588 ER PT J AU Washenfelder, RA Trainer, M Frost, GJ Ryerson, TB Atlas, EL de Gouw, JA Flocke, FM Fried, A Holloway, JS Parrish, DD Peischl, J Richter, D Schauffler, SM Walega, JG Warneke, C Weibring, P Zheng, W AF Washenfelder, R. A. Trainer, M. Frost, G. J. Ryerson, T. B. Atlas, E. L. de Gouw, J. A. Flocke, F. M. Fried, A. Holloway, J. S. Parrish, D. D. Peischl, J. Richter, D. Schauffler, S. M. Walega, J. G. Warneke, C. Weibring, P. Zheng, W. TI Characterization of NOx, SO2, ethene, and propene from industrial emission sources in Houston, Texas SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID POWER-PLANT PLUMES; RADICAL INITIATED OXIDATION; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; REACTION-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; OZONE FORMATION; AIR-QUALITY; URBAN; AIRBORNE; STRATOSPHERE; FORMALDEHYDE AB The Houston-Galveston-Brazoria urban area contains industrial petrochemical sources that emit volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides, resulting in rapid and efficient ozone production downwind. During September to October 2006, the NOAA WP-3D aircraft conducted research flights as part of the second Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS II). We use measurements of NOx, SO2, and speciated hydrocarbons from industrial sources in Houston to derive source emission ratios and compare these to emission inventories and the first Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS) in 2000. Between 2000 and 2006, NOx/CO2 emission ratios changed by an average of -29% +/- 20%, while a significant trend in SO2/CO2 emission ratios was not observed. We find that high hydrocarbon emissions are routine for the isolated petrochemical facilities. Ethene (C2H4) and propene (C3H6) are the major contributors to ozone formation based on calculations of OH reactivity for organic species including C-2-C-10 alkanes, C-2-C-5 alkenes, ethyne, and C-2-C-5 aldehydes and ketones. Measured ratios of C2H4/NOx and C3H6/NOx exceed emission inventory values by factors of 1.4-20 and 1-24, respectively. We examine trends in C2H4/NOx and C3H6/NOx ratios between 2000 and 2006 for the isolated petrochemical sources and estimate a change of -30% +/- 30%, with significant day-to-day and within-plume variability. Median ambient mixing ratios of ethene and propene in Houston show decreases of -52% and -48%, respectively, between 2000 and 2006. The formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and peroxyacetyl nitrate products produced by alkene oxidation are observed downwind, and their time evolution is consistent with the rapid photochemistry that also produces ozone. C1 [Washenfelder, R. A.; Frost, G. J.; de Gouw, J. A.; Holloway, J. S.; Peischl, J.; Warneke, C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Atlas, E. L.] Univ Miami, Div Marine & Atmospher Chem, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Flocke, F. M.; Fried, A.; Richter, D.; Schauffler, S. M.; Walega, J. G.; Weibring, P.; Zheng, W.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Observing Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Washenfelder, R. A.; Trainer, M.; Frost, G. J.; Ryerson, T. B.; de Gouw, J. A.; Holloway, J. S.; Parrish, D. D.; Peischl, J.; Warneke, C.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Washenfelder, RA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM rebecca.washenfelder@noaa.gov RI Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Washenfelder, Rebecca/E-7169-2010; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Frost, Gregory/I-1958-2013; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008 OI Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Washenfelder, Rebecca/0000-0002-8106-3702; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826 FU NOAA; Texas Commission on Environmental Quality [582-8-86246-FY09]; National Research Council FX We thank the management, staff, and flight crew from the NOAA Aircraft Operations Center for their support during the field mission. We thank Bryan Lambeth and TCEQ for the La Porte wind profiler data. We thank John Jolly for TCEQ emissions inventory data. We thank Johan Mellqvist, Claudia Rivera, and Jerker Samuelsson for sharing their solar occultation flux and DOAS measurements. We thank Dr. Sacco te Lintel Hekkert from Sensor Sense for LPAS measurements. R.A.W. thanks Dr. Chuck Brock for helpful discussions. We acknowledge financial support for the field measurements from the NOAA Air Quality and NOAA Climate Research and Modeling programs. We acknowledge financial support for the analysis from Texas Commission on Environmental Quality contract 582-8-86246-FY09. R.A.W. acknowledges a National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship. NR 45 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 28 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D16311 DI 10.1029/2009JD013645 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 644XG UT WOS:000281414800002 ER PT J AU Akmaev, RA Wu, F Fuller-Rowell, TJ Wang, H Iredell, MD AF Akmaev, R. A. Wu, F. Fuller-Rowell, T. J. Wang, H. Iredell, M. D. TI Midnight density and temperature maxima, and thermospheric dynamics in Whole Atmosphere Model simulations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL THERMOSPHERE; WINDS AB Hydrostatic expansion in a gravity field of an atmospheric layer with elevated temperatures, such as the long known thermospheric midnight temperature maximum (MTM), results in a total mass density increase at a given altitude above the layer. Long-term simulations with the Whole Atmosphere Model reveal a noticeable midnight density maximum (MDM), appropriately lagging behind the MTM at the same height. The MDM magnitude, timing, and variability are in good agreement with available in-situ observations. Of particular importance is the observation of a downward phase progression of the MDM peak time obtained from the San Marco satellites and closely reproduced in the model results. This is consistent with the suggestion, made over 30 years ago, that both the MTM and MDM are driven by tidal waves, in particular, the terdiurnal tide propagating upward from the lower atmosphere and interacting with a diurnally varying ion drag. The accompanying wind variations are also found in good agreement with radar observations, which first related them to the nighttime ionosphere collapse in the early 1970s. C1 [Akmaev, R. A.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wu, F.; Fuller-Rowell, T. J.; Wang, H.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Iredell, M. D.] NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Akmaev, RA (reprint author), NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, W-NP9,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM rashid.akmaev@noaa.gov FU NASA; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI) FX We thank H. J. Singer and two anonymous reviewers for insightful comments and helpful suggestions. This work has been supported in part by the NASA Heliophysics Theory and Living With a Star (LWS) programs as well as the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI) program. NR 22 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 28 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A08326 DI 10.1029/2010JA015651 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 644YI UT WOS:000281417700012 ER PT J AU Anderson, D Araujo-Pradere, EA AF Anderson, David Araujo-Pradere, Eduardo A. TI Sudden stratospheric warming event signatures in daytime ExB drift velocities in the Peruvian and Philippine longitude sectors for January 2003 and 2004 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL F-REGION; ELECTROJET AB This paper first describes the technique that has been developed to obtain realistic, daytime, vertical ExB drift velocities in the equatorial ionosphere using two ground-based magnetometers, one on the magnetic equator and the other located +/- 6 degrees-9 degrees away in latitude. This technique is then employed to study the unique ExB drift signatures associated with sudden stratospheric warming events (SSW) in both the Peruvian and Philippine longitude sectors, occurring in January 2003 and January 2004. It is found that the semidiurnal shaped signature first appears in the Peruvian sector and 3 days later appears in the Philippine sector. In both sectors, the ExB drift signature lasts for approximately 5 days. C1 [Anderson, David; Araujo-Pradere, Eduardo A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Anderson, David; Araujo-Pradere, Eduardo A.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Anderson, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, 325 Broadway,W-NP9, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM david.anderson@noaa.gov FU NSF [ATM-o432565] FX We thank Koki Chau, Director of the Jicamarca Radio Observatory, for providing the Jicamarca and Piura magnetometer data. The Jicamarca Radio Observatory is a facility of the Instituto Geofisico del Peru, Ministry of Education, and is operated with support from the NSF Cooperative agreement ATM-o432565. We also thank Kiyo Yumoto, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan for supplying the Davao and Muntinlupa magnetometer observations. NR 12 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 28 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A00G05 DI 10.1029/2010JA015337 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 644YI UT WOS:000281417700010 ER PT J AU Edwards, EE Korenblit, S Kim, K Islam, R Chang, MS Freericks, JK Lin, GD Duan, LM Monroe, C AF Edwards, E. E. Korenblit, S. Kim, K. Islam, R. Chang, M. -S. Freericks, J. K. Lin, G. -D. Duan, L. -M. Monroe, C. TI Quantum simulation and phase diagram of the transverse-field Ising model with three atomic spins SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRAPPED IONS; COMPUTERS AB We perform a quantum simulation of the Ising model with a transverse field using a collection of three trapped atomic ion spins. By adiabatically manipulating the Hamiltonian, we directly probe the ground state for a wide range of fields and form of the Ising couplings, leading to a phase diagram of magnetic order in this microscopic system. The technique is scalable to much larger numbers of trapped ion spins, where phase transitions approaching the thermodynamic limit can be studied in cases where theory becomes intractable. C1 [Edwards, E. E.; Korenblit, S.; Kim, K.; Islam, R.; Chang, M. -S.; Monroe, C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Edwards, E. E.; Korenblit, S.; Kim, K.; Islam, R.; Chang, M. -S.; Monroe, C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Freericks, J. K.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Lin, G. -D.; Duan, L. -M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Lin, G. -D.; Duan, L. -M.] Univ Michigan, MCTP, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Edwards, EE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Freericks, James/D-7502-2011; Monroe, Christopher/G-8105-2011; Chang, Ming-Shien/F-7922-2012; OI Freericks, James/0000-0002-6232-9165 FU Army Research Office (ARO) [W911NF0710576]; DARPA; IARPA; NSF; NSF Physics Frontier Center FX This work is supported under Army Research Office (ARO) under Award No. W911NF0710576 with funds from the DARPA Optical Lattice Emulator (OLE) Program, IARPA under ARO contract, the NSF Physics at the Information Frontier Program, and the NSF Physics Frontier Center at JQI. NR 21 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 27 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 6 AR 060412 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.060412 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 643KH UT WOS:000281294800001 ER PT J AU Ryan, JC Morey, JS Bottein, MYD Ramsdell, JS Van Dolah, FM AF Ryan, James C. Morey, Jeanine S. Bottein, Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Ramsdell, John S. Van Dolah, Frances M. TI Gene expression profiling in brain of mice exposed to the marine neurotoxin ciguatoxin reveals an acute anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective response SO BMC NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SYNTHASE ARGINASE BALANCE; DOMOIC ACID; THERMOREGULATORY RESPONSE; CARIBBEAN CIGUATOXINS; MYELINATED AXONS; SODIUM-CHANNELS; CIGUATERA; MECHANISMS; PACIFIC; FISH AB Background: Ciguatoxins (CTXs) are polyether marine neurotoxins and potent activators of voltage-gated sodium channels. This toxin is carried by multiple reef-fish species and human consumption of ciguatoxins can result in an explosive gastrointestinal/neurologic illness. This study characterizes the global transcriptional response in mouse brain to a symptomatic dose of the highly toxic Pacific ciguatoxin P-CTX-1 and additionally compares this data to transcriptional profiles from liver and whole blood examined previously. Adult male C57/BL6 mice were injected with 0.26 ng/g P-CTX-1 while controls received only vehicle. Animals were sacrificed at 1, 4 and 24 hrs and transcriptional profiling was performed on brain RNA with Agilent whole genome microarrays. RT-PCR was used to independently validate gene expression and the web tool DAVID was used to analyze gene ontology (GO) and molecular pathway enrichment of the gene expression data. Results: A pronounced 4 C hypothermic response was recorded in these mice, reaching a minimum at 1 hr and lasting for 8 hrs post toxin exposure. Ratio expression data were filtered by intensity, fold change and p-value, with the resulting data used for time course analysis, K-means clustering, ontology classification and KEGG pathway enrichment. Top GO hits for this gene set included acute phase response and mono-oxygenase activity. Molecular pathway analysis showed enrichment for complement/coagulation cascades and metabolism of xenobiotics. Many immediate early genes such as Fos, Jun and Early Growth Response isoforms were down-regulated although others associated with stress such as glucocorticoid responsive genes were up-regulated. Real time PCR confirmation was performed on 22 differentially expressed genes with a correlation of 0.9 (Spearman's Rho, p < 0.0001) with microarray results. Conclusions: Many of the genes differentially expressed in this study, in parallel with the hypothermia, figure prominently in protection against neuroinflammation. Pathologic activity of the complement/coagulation cascade has been shown in patients suffering from a chronic form of ciguatera poisoning and is of particular interest in this model. Anti-inflammatory processes were at work not only in the brain but were also seen in whole blood and liver of these animals, creating a systemic anti-inflammatory environment to protect against the initial cellular damage caused by the toxin. C1 [Ryan, James C.; Morey, Jeanine S.; Bottein, Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui; Ramsdell, John S.; Van Dolah, Frances M.] NOAA Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC USA. RP Ryan, JC (reprint author), NOAA Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC USA. EM james.ryan@noaa.gov OI Ryan, James/0000-0002-1101-3785 FU NOAA Center of Excellence in Oceans and Human Health Initiative at Hollings Marine Lab FX We would like to thank J. Tiedeken, M. Peterson, A. Rezvani, E. Levin and C. Gordon for help with experimental procedures and J. Lynch, M. Beal and T. Greig for helpful reviews. This work was partially funded by the NOAA Center of Excellence in Oceans and Human Health Initiative at Hollings Marine Lab. NR 50 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2202 J9 BMC NEUROSCI JI BMC Neurosci. PD AUG 26 PY 2010 VL 11 AR 107 DI 10.1186/1471-2202-11-107 PG 14 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 650AI UT WOS:000281818100002 PM 20796285 ER PT J AU Butch, NP Jeffries, JR Chi, SX Leao, JB Lynn, JW Maple, MB AF Butch, Nicholas P. Jeffries, Jason R. Chi, Songxue Leao, Juscelino Batista Lynn, Jeffrey W. Maple, M. Brian TI Antiferromagnetic critical pressure in URu2Si2 under hydrostatic conditions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON SUPERCONDUCTOR URU2SI2; TEMPERATURE PHASE-DIAGRAM; HIDDEN-ORDER; SYSTEM URU2SI2; MAGNETIC EXCITATIONS; TRANSITIONS; STATES AB The onset of antiferromagnetic order in URu2Si2 has been studied via neutron diffraction in a helium pressure medium, which most closely approximates hydrostatic conditions. The antiferromagnetic critical pressure is 0.80 GPa, considerably higher than values previously reported. Complementary electrical resistivity measurements imply that the hidden-order-antiferromagnetic bicritical point falls between 1.3 and 1.5 GPa. Moreover, the redefined pressure-temperature phase diagram suggests that the superconducting and antiferromagnetic phase boundaries actually meet at a common critical pressure at zero temperature. C1 [Butch, Nicholas P.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Ctr Nanophys & Adv Mat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Jeffries, Jason R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Mat Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Chi, Songxue; Leao, Juscelino Batista; Lynn, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Maple, M. Brian] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Butch, NP (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Ctr Nanophys & Adv Mat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM nbutch@umd.edu RI Chi, Songxue/A-6713-2013 OI Chi, Songxue/0000-0002-3851-9153 FU DOE [DE-FG02-04ER46105]; DOE, NNSA [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Science Campaign at LLNL; CNAM FX Sample preparation was supported by the DOE under Research Grant No. DE-FG02-04ER46105. LLNL is operated by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, for the DOE, NNSA under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. J.R.J. is supported by the Science Campaign at LLNL. N.P.B. is supported by CNAM. NR 33 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 26 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 6 AR 060408 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.060408 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 643BP UT WOS:000281268100001 ER PT J AU Chu, XQ Liu, KH Tyagi, MS Mou, CY Chen, SH AF Chu, Xiang-qiang Liu, Kao-Hsiang Tyagi, Madhu Sudan Mou, Chung-Yuan Chen, Sow-Hsin TI Low-temperature dynamics of water confined in a hydrophobic mesoporous material SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID STRONG LIQUID TRANSITION; SUPERCOOLED WATER; GLASS-TRANSITION; CROSSOVER AB Quasielastic neutron scattering was used to study the dynamics of three-dimensional confined water in a hydrophobic mesoporous material designated as CMK-1 in the temperature range from 250 to 170 K. We observe a crossover phenomenon at temperature T(L). We find that T(L) of water confined in CMK-1 occurs in between previous observations of one-dimensional confined water in materials with different hydrophilicities. This provides the first evidence that besides the obvious surface effect brought about by the hydrophobic confinements, T(L) is also dependent on the dimensionality of the geometry of the confinement. C1 [Chu, Xiang-qiang; Chen, Sow-Hsin] MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Liu, Kao-Hsiang; Mou, Chung-Yuan] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Chem, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Tyagi, Madhu Sudan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chen, SH (reprint author), MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM sowhsin@mit.edu RI Chu, Xiangqiang/A-1572-2011; Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/M-4693-2014; OI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/0000-0002-4364-7176; MOU, CHUNG-YUAN/0000-0001-7060-9899; Chu, Xiang-qiang/0000-0003-4320-5316 FU Department of Energy [DE-FG02-90ER45429]; Taiwan National Science Council [NSC95-2120-M-002-009, NSC96-2739-M-213-001]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0086210] FX Research at MIT was supported by Department of Energy Grant No. DE-FG02-90ER45429; at NTU, it was supported by Taiwan National Science Council Grants No. NSC95-2120-M-002-009 and No. NSC96-2739-M-213-001. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0086210. We appreciate technical supports during experiments from A. Faraone and T. Jenkins of NIST Center for Neutron Research. NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD AUG 26 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 2 AR 020501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.82.020501 PN 1 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 643CO UT WOS:000281271000001 PM 20866765 ER PT J AU Campbell, WC Mizrahi, J Quraishi, Q Senko, C Hayes, D Hucul, D Matsukevich, DN Maunz, P Monroe, C AF Campbell, W. C. Mizrahi, J. Quraishi, Q. Senko, C. Hayes, D. Hucul, D. Matsukevich, D. N. Maunz, P. Monroe, C. TI Ultrafast Gates for Single Atomic Qubits SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON SPINS; TRAPPED IONS; QUANTUM; MANIPULATION; DECOHERENCE AB We demonstrate single-qubit operations on a trapped atom hyperfine qubit using a single ultrafast pulse from a mode-locked laser. We shape the pulse from the laser and perform a pi rotation of the qubit in less than 50 ps with a population transfer exceeding 99% and negligible effects from spontaneous emission or ac Stark shifts. The gate time is significantly shorter than the period of atomic motion in the trap (Omega(Rabi)/nu(trap) > 10(4)), demonstrating that this interaction takes place deep within the strong excitation regime. C1 [Campbell, W. C.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Campbell, WC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM wes3000@umd.edu RI Campbell, Wesley/F-6813-2010; Matsukevich, Dzmitry/C-9134-2009; Monroe, Christopher/G-8105-2011 FU ARO; DARPA; IARPA under ARO; NSF; IC; NSF Physics Frontier Center at JQI FX We acknowledge helpful discussions with Michael Biercuk, Ming-Shien Chang, Kihwan Kim, and Steven Olmschenk. This work is supported by the ARO with funds from the DARPA Optical Lattice Emulator (OLE) Program, IARPA under ARO contract, the NSF Physics at the Information Frontier Program, the IC Postdoctoral Program, and the NSF Physics Frontier Center at JQI. NR 26 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 26 PY 2010 VL 105 IS 9 AR 090502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.090502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 643DA UT WOS:000281272700003 PM 20868145 ER PT J AU Seidel, DJ Ao, CO Li, K AF Seidel, Dian J. Ao, Chi O. Li, Kun TI Estimating climatological planetary boundary layer heights from radiosonde observations: Comparison of methods and uncertainty analysis SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article AB Planetary boundary layer (PBL) processes control energy, water, and pollutant exchanges between the surface and free atmosphere. However, there is no observation-based global PBL climatology for evaluation of climate, weather, and air quality models or for characterizing PBL variability on large space and time scales. As groundwork for such a climatology, we compute PBL height by seven methods, using temperature, potential temperature, virtual potential temperature, relative humidity, specific humidity, and refractivity profiles from a 10 year, 505-station radiosonde data set. Six methods are directly compared; they generally yield PBL height estimates that differ by several hundred meters. Relative humidity and potential temperature gradient methods consistently give higher PBL heights, whereas the parcel (or mixing height) method yields significantly lower heights that show larger and more consistent diurnal and seasonal variations (with lower nighttime and wintertime PBLs). Seasonal and diurnal patterns are sometimes associated with local climatological phenomena, such as nighttime radiation inversions, the trade inversion, and tropical convection and associated cloudiness. Surface-based temperature inversions are a distinct type of PBL that is more common at night and in the morning than during midday and afternoon, in polar regions than in the tropics, and in winter than other seasons. PBL height estimates are sensitive to the vertical resolution of radiosonde data; standard sounding data yield higher PBL heights than high-resolution data. Several sources of both parametric and structural uncertainty in climatological PBL height values are estimated statistically; each can introduce uncertainties of a few 100 m. C1 [Seidel, Dian J.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab R ARL, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Li, Kun] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ao, Chi O.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Seidel, DJ (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab R ARL, 1315 E W Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Dian.Seidel@noaa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX We thank Angela Betancourt-Negron (University of Puerto Rico) for assistance with data processing and Dan Hollis (UK Met Office) for providing cloud observations for Lerwick. Yehui Zhang (NOAA Air Resources Laboratory) performed calculations to test the effects of including surface-level observations. Julian Wang and Donald Ballard (NOAA Air Resources Laboratory), Imke Durre (NOAA National Climatic Data Center), Venkat Ratnam, (National Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Gadanki), and four anonymous reviewers each provided helpful suggestions on the manuscript. Research performed by C. Ao was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 22 TC 99 Z9 100 U1 4 U2 44 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 25 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D16113 DI 10.1029/2009JD013680 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 644XC UT WOS:000281414400005 ER PT J AU Tian, W Ratcliff, W Kim, MG Yan, JQ Kienzle, PA Huang, Q Jensen, B Dennis, KW McCallum, RW Lograsso, TA McQueeney, RJ Goldman, AI Lynn, JW Kreyssig, A AF Tian, W. Ratcliff, W., II Kim, M. G. Yan, J. -Q. Kienzle, P. A. Huang, Q. Jensen, B. Dennis, K. W. McCallum, R. W. Lograsso, T. A. McQueeney, R. J. Goldman, A. I. Lynn, J. W. Kreyssig, A. TI Interplay of Fe and Nd magnetism in NdFeAsO single crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LAYERED QUATERNARY COMPOUND; PHASE-DIAGRAM; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; TRANSITIONS AB The structural and magnetic phase transitions have been studied on NdFeAsO single crystals by neutron and x-ray diffraction complemented by resistivity and specific-heat measurements. Two low-temperature phase transitions have been observed in addition to the tetragonal-to-orthorhombic transition at T(S) similar to 142 K and the onset of antiferromagnetic (AFM) Fe order below T(N) similar to 137 K. The Fe moments order AFM in the well-known stripelike structure in the (ab) plane but change from AFM to ferromagnetic (FM) arrangement along the c direction below T* similar to 15 K accompanied by the onset of Nd AFM order below T(Nd) similar to 6 K with this same AFM configuration. The iron magnetic order-order transition in NdFeAsO accentuates the Nd-Fe interaction and the delicate balance of c-axis exchange couplings that results in AFM in LaFeAsO and FM in CeFeAsO and PrFeAsO. C1 [Tian, W.; Kim, M. G.; Yan, J. -Q.; Jensen, B.; Dennis, K. W.; McCallum, R. W.; Lograsso, T. A.; McQueeney, R. J.; Goldman, A. I.; Kreyssig, A.] Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ratcliff, W., II; Kienzle, P. A.; Huang, Q.; Lynn, J. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kim, M. G.; McQueeney, R. J.; Goldman, A. I.; Kreyssig, A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [McCallum, R. W.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Tian, W (reprint author), Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Kim, Min Gyu/B-8637-2012; Tian, Wei/C-8604-2013; McQueeney, Robert/A-2864-2016 OI Kim, Min Gyu/0000-0001-7676-454X; Tian, Wei/0000-0001-7735-3187; McQueeney, Robert/0000-0003-0718-5602 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering and Scientific User Facilities Division; Iowa State University [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX Research at Ames Laboratory and Oak Ridge National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering and Scientific User Facilities Division, respectively. Ames Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Iowa State University under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. NR 29 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 25 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 6 AR 060514 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.060514 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 642OO UT WOS:000281225700002 ER PT J AU Marchand, R Ackerman, T Smyth, M Rossow, WB AF Marchand, Roger Ackerman, Thomas Smyth, Mike Rossow, William B. TI A review of cloud top height and optical depth histograms from MISR, ISCCP, and MODIS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL STRUCTURE; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; CIRRUS CLOUDS; LEVEL CLOUDS; WATER-VAPOR; PART II; RETRIEVAL; RESOLUTION; MODEL; LAYER AB There are notable differences in the joint histograms of cloud top height and optical depth being produced from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Multiangle Imaging Spectro-Radiometer (MISR) and by the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP). These differences have their roots in the different retrieval approaches used by the three projects and are driven largely by responses of the retrievals to (1) stratocumulus (or more broadly low-level clouds under temperature inversions), (2) small (subpixel) or broken low-level clouds, and (3) multilayer clouds. Because each data set has different strengths and weakness, the combination tells us more about the observed cloud fields than any of the three by itself. In particular, the MISR stereo height retrieval provides a calibration insensitive approach to determining cloud height that is especially valuable in combination with ISCCP or MODIS because the combination provides a means to estimate the amount of multilayer cloud, where the upper cloud is optically thin. In this article we present a review of the three data sets using case studies and comparisons of annually averaged joint histograms on global and regional scales. Recommendations for using these data in climate model evaluations are provided. C1 [Marchand, Roger; Ackerman, Thomas] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Smyth, Mike] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Rossow, William B.] CUNY City Coll, NOAA Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Marchand, R (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Box 355672,3737 Brooklyn Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM rojmarch@u.washington.edu RI Rossow, William/F-3138-2015 FU NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory [NMO710860] FX The authors would like to express thanks to all those members of the NASA ISCCP, MODIS, and MISR teams who helped make this research possible, especially Jeff Walters at the NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC), who devoted considerable effort to processing the MISR data. We especially thank Amy Braverman (NASA JPL), who repeatedly insisted that the MISR project undertake creation of the joint histogram data set and somehow cornered us (R. M. and T. P. A.) into it. Special thanks also go to Steven Platnick and Steve Ackerman (of the MODIS team) for reviewing this article and for the many long discussions and valuable insights. We also thank Dave Diner (NASA JPL) for his leadership of the MISR science team, and we thank the MISR project, whose financial support made this research possible. MISR data were obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Science Data Center. This research was funded by the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (contract NMO710860). NR 64 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 24 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D16206 DI 10.1029/2009JD013422 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 644XA UT WOS:000281414200003 ER PT J AU Adam, S Stiles, MD AF Adam, Shaffique Stiles, M. D. TI Temperature dependence of the diffusive conductivity of bilayer graphene SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT; SEMICONDUCTORS; PHASE AB Assuming diffusive carrier transport and employing an effective medium theory, we calculate the temperature dependence of bilayer graphene conductivity due to Fermi-surface broadening as a function of carrier density. We find that the temperature dependence of the conductivity depends strongly on the amount of disorder. In the regime relevant to most experiments, the conductivity is a function of T/T*, where T* is the characteristic temperature set by disorder. We demonstrate that experimental data taken from various groups collapse onto a theoretically predicted scaling function. C1 [Adam, Shaffique; Stiles, M. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Adam, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Adam, Shaffique/B-3264-2008; Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012 OI Adam, Shaffique/0000-0002-3095-9920; Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156 FU National Research Council (NRC) FX We thank M. Fuhrer and K. Bolotin for suggesting this problem and for useful discussions. S. A. also acknowledges support from the National Research Council (NRC). NR 41 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 24 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 7 AR 075423 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.075423 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 641WN UT WOS:000281162100006 ER PT J AU Safronova, MS Jiang, DS Safronova, UI AF Safronova, M. S. Jiang, Dansha Safronova, U. I. TI Blackbody radiation shift in the Rb-87 frequency standard SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ALKALI-METAL ATOMS; HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; FOUNTAIN; HELIUM; CLOCK AB The operation of atomic clocks is generally carried out at room temperature, whereas the definition of the second refers to the clock transition in an atom at absolute zero. This implies that the clock transition frequency should be corrected in practice for the effect of finite temperature, of which the leading contributor is the blackbody radiation (BBR) shift. Experimental measurements of the BBR shifts are difficult. In this work, we have calculated the blackbody radiation shift of the ground-state hyperfine microwave transition in Rb-87 using the relativistic all-order method and carried out a detailed evaluation of the accuracy of our final value. Particular care is taken to accurately account for the contributions from highly excited states. Our predicted value for the Stark coefficient, k(S) = -1.240(4) x 10(-10) Hz/(V/m)(2), is three times more accurate than the previous calculation [E.J. Angstman, V.A. Dzuba, and V.V. Flambaum, Phys. Rev. A 74, 023405 (2006)]. C1 [Safronova, M. S.; Jiang, Dansha] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Safronova, M. S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Safronova, M. S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Safronova, U. I.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Safronova, U. I.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Spect, Moscow V71, Russia. RP Safronova, MS (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. FU U.S. National Science Foundation [PHY-07-58088] FX This work was supported in part by U.S. National Science Foundation Grant No. PHY-07-58088. MSS thanks the Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, for hospitality. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG 23 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 2 AR 022510 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.82.022510 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 641OS UT WOS:000281138300009 ER PT J AU Ahmed, Z Plusquellic, DF AF Ahmed, Zeeshan Plusquellic, David F. TI Terahertz spectroscopy as an incisive tool to elucidate protein conformation and role of biological water in Alzheimer's disease SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ahmed, Zeeshan; Plusquellic, David F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 34-AEI PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164700023 ER PT J AU Albert, JNL Baney, MJ Stafford, CM Kelly, JY Epps, TH AF Albert, Julie N. L. Baney, Michael J. Stafford, Christopher M. Kelly, Jennifer Y. Epps, Thomas H., III TI Surface energy/chemistry gradients for block copolymer thin film studies SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Delaware, Newark, DE USA. NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Epps, Thomas/B-7337-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 64-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164706574 ER PT J AU Antonucci, JM Schumacher, GE AF Antonucci, Joseph M. Schumacher, Gary E. TI Study of primer systems for adhesion to dentin SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 503-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164702070 ER PT J AU Atha, DH Wang, HH Petersen, E Dillon, A Xing, BS Jaruga, P Dizdaroglu, M Nelson, BC AF Atha, Donald H. Wang, Huanhua Petersen, Elijah Dillon, Andrew Xing, Baoshan Jaruga, Pawel Dizdaroglu, Miral Nelson, Bryant C. TI Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) induce oxidative DNA damage in plants SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Plant Soil & Insect Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Chem Engn, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RI Jaruga, Pawel/M-4378-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 162-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164702555 ER PT J AU Beers, KL AF Beers, Kathryn L. TI A chemist in public service: From a government lab to the executive office and back SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Beers, Kathryn L.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 121-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164701154 ER PT J AU Borreguero, J He, JH Brown, C Myles, D Herwig, K Agarwal, P AF Borreguero, Jose He, Junhong Brown, Craig Myles, Dean Herwig, Kenneth Agarwal, Pratul TI Temperature induced protein motions indicate link to function SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RI myles, dean/D-5860-2016 OI myles, dean/0000-0002-7693-4964 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 397-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164706038 ER PT J AU Brown, SS AF Brown, Steve S. TI Hydrates, heterogeneous chemistry, aerosols and climate SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Brown, Steve S.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 12-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164705663 ER PT J AU Brown, SS Dube, WP Wagner, NL Fuchs, H Washenfelder, RA AF Brown, Steven S. Dube, William P. Wagner, Nicholas L. Fuchs, Hendrik Washenfelder, Rebecca A. TI Aircraft measurements of atmospheric nitrogen oxides by diode laser cavity ring-down spectroscopy SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Forschungszentrum Julich, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RI Dube, William/I-1658-2013 OI Dube, William/0000-0003-1286-4087 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 262-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164705797 ER PT J AU Chatterjee, K Lin-Gibson, S Parekh, SH Moore, NM Cicerone, MT Young, MF Simon, CG AF Chatterjee, Kaushik Lin-Gibson, Sheng Parekh, Sapun H. Moore, Nicole M. Cicerone, Marcus T. Young, Marian F. Simon, Carl G., Jr. TI Effect of 3D hydogel scaffold modulus and topology on human bone marrow stromal cell fate SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Dent & Craniofacial Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 359-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164706843 ER PT J AU Chu, PM Michaels, CA Masiello, T AF Chu, Pamela M. Michaels, Chris A. Masiello, Tony TI Fourier transform spectrometry with a near infrared supercontinuum source SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chu, Pamela M.; Michaels, Chris A.; Masiello, Tony] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 190-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164705729 ER PT J AU Cross, ES Onasch, TB Ahern, A Wrobel, W Slowik, JG Olfert, J Lack, D Massoli, P Cappa, CD Schwarz, JP Spackman, R Fahey, DW Sedlacek, A Trimborn, A Jayne, JT Freedman, A Williams, L Ng, NL Mazzoleni, C Dubey, M Brem, B Kok, G Subramanian, R Freitag, S Clarke, A Kolb, CE Worsnop, DR Davidovits, P AF Cross, Eben S. Onasch, Timothy B. Ahern, Adam Wrobel, William Slowik, Jay G. Olfert, Jason Lack, Daniel Massoli, Paola Cappa, Christopher D. Schwarz, Joshua P. Spackman, Ryan Fahey, David W. Sedlacek, Arthur Trimborn, Achim Jayne, John T. Freedman, Andrew Williams, Leah Ng, Nga L. Mazzoleni, Claudio Dubey, Manvendra Brem, Benjamin Kok, Greg Subramanian, R. Freitag, Steffen Clarke, Antony Kolb, Charles E. Worsnop, Douglas R. Davidovits, Paul TI Intercomparison study of black carbon measurements SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Boston Coll, Dept Chem, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Aerodyne Res Inc, Ctr Cloud & Aerosol Chem, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M7, Canada. Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Mazzoleni, Claudio/E-5615-2011; Lack, Daniel/I-9053-2012; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Slowik, Jay/F-4894-2011; Dubey, Manvendra/E-3949-2010; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013 OI schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; Slowik, Jay/0000-0001-5682-850X; Dubey, Manvendra/0000-0002-3492-790X; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 659-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164706267 ER PT J AU Depner, SW Kort, KR Jaye, C Zhang, HS Fischer, DA Banerjee, S AF Depner, Sean W. Kort, Kenneth R. Jaye, Cherno Zhang, Hengsong Fischer, Daniel A. Banerjee, Sarbajit TI Non-hydrolytic synthesis, characterization, and electronic structure of colloidal early transition metal oxide nanocrystals SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 616-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164703694 ER PT J AU Diddams, SK Johnson, T Nugent-Glandorf, L AF Diddams, Scott K. Johnson, Todd Nugent-Glandorf, Lora TI Mid-infrared frequency comb up-conversion spectroscopy SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Diddams, Scott K.; Johnson, Todd; Nugent-Glandorf, Lora] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO USA. RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 188-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164705727 ER PT J AU Douglas, JF Dudowicz, J Freed, KF AF Douglas, Jack F. Dudowicz, Jacek Freed, Karl F. TI Crowding effects on protein and nanoparticle solubility, relaxation and rate processes in fluid mixtures and entropy-enthalpy compensation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 232-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164706424 ER PT J AU Douglass, KO Gerecht, E Plusquellic, DF AF Douglass, Kevin O. Gerecht, Eyal Plusquellic, David F. TI Chirped-pulse Fourier transform spectroscopy in the THz region SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, EEE Lab, Boulder, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 107-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164705650 ER PT J AU Ervens, B AF Ervens, Barbara TI Organic aerosol formation and processing in the atmospheric aqueous phase: A model perspective SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ervens, Barbara] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ervens, Barbara] NOAA, ESRL CSD, Boulder, CO USA. RI Ervens, Barbara/D-5495-2013 OI Ervens, Barbara/0000-0002-6223-1635 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 307-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164705841 ER PT J AU Espinal, L Snyder, CR Chiu, C Bendersky, LA Wong-Ng, W Green, ML Espinal, AE Garces, HF Suib, SL AF Espinal, Laura Snyder, Chad R. Chiu, Chun Bendersky, Leonid A. Wong-Ng, Winnie Green, Martin L. Espinal, Anais E. Garces, Hector F. Suib, Steven L. TI Carbon dioxide sorption properties of octahedral molecular sieves with manganese based framework composition SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Storrs, CT USA. RI Snyder, Chad/B-4957-2008 OI Snyder, Chad/0000-0002-2916-9809 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 180-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164702574 ER PT J AU Ferry, JL Frey, RL Burns, JM Shaw, TJ Murphy, CJ Sisco, P Decho, AW Chandler, T Pennington, P Fulton, M AF Ferry, John L. Frey, Rebecca L. Burns, Justina M. Shaw, Timothy J. Murphy, Catherine J. Sisco, Patrick Decho, Alan W. Chandler, Thomas Pennington, Paul Fulton, Michael TI Effects of surface charge on the partitioning of gold nanorods in saline estuarine mesocosms SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. NOAA, Coastal Ctr Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ S Carolina, Nanoctr, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 164-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164702557 ER PT J AU Fry, JL Katz, J Sackinger, K Zha, L Cohen, RC Rollins, AW Kiendler-Scharr, A Brown, SS AF Fry, Juliane L. Katz, Josh Sackinger, Kathryn Zha, Li Cohen, Ronald C. Rollins, Andrew W. Kiendler-Scharr, Astrid Brown, Steven S. TI NOx effects on secondary organic aerosol formation: Aerosol production from NO3 + biogenic hydrocarbons and potential NO3 heterogeneous loss SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Reed Coll, Dept Chem, Portland, OR USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Forschungszentrum Juelich, Inst Chem & Dynam Geosphere, Julich, Germany. NOAA ESRL, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 223-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164705762 ER PT J AU Gorham, JM MacCuspie, RI Fairbrother, DH Holbrook, RD AF Gorham, Justin M. MacCuspie, Robert I. Fairbrother, D. Howard Holbrook, R. David TI UV-induced surface modifications of silver nanoparticles in atmospheric and aqueous conditions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 79-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164702760 ER PT J AU Greenlee, LF AF Greenlee, Lauren F. TI Stabilization and size control of zerovalent iron nanoparticles using carboxyl- and phosphate-functionalized compounds SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Greenlee, Lauren F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 111-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164702509 ER PT J AU Heller, S AF Heller, Stephen TI Status of the InChI and InChIKey algorithms SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Heller, Stephen] NIST, CBRD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 74-CINF PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164701566 ER PT J AU Holbrook, RD Vu, KK AF Holbrook, R. David Vu, Kennedy K. TI Aggregation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles: The role of environmentally-relevant surface coatings SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Holbrook, R. David; Vu, Kennedy K.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 101-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164702498 ER PT J AU Kumari, H Dennis, C Mossine, A Atwood, JL AF Kumari, Harshita Dennis, Cindi Mossine, Andrew Atwood, Jerry L. TI Exploring formation and magnetic behavior of metal co-ordinated pyrogallol[4]arene capsules SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 170-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164703280 ER PT J AU Lee, HJ Soles, CL Ro, HW Wu, WL AF Lee, Hae-Jeong Soles, Christopher L. Ro, Hyun Wook Wu, Wen-li TI Characterizing nanopatterned surface using X-ray reflectivity and grazing incident X-ray scattering SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lee, Hae-Jeong; Soles, Christopher L.; Ro, Hyun Wook; Wu, Wen-li] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 364-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164706848 ER PT J AU Lee, V Dennis, RV Jaye, C Fischer, DA Banerjee, S AF Lee, Vincent Dennis, Robert V. Jaye, Cherno Fischer, Daniel A. Banerjee, Sarbajit TI Synthesis, electronic structure, and alignment of graphene thin films SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 39-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164703487 ER PT J AU Makar, S Bruss, S AF Makar, Susan Bruss, Stacy TI From Chemical Abstracts to SciFinder: Transitioning to SciFinder and assessing customer usage SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Makar, Susan; Bruss, Stacy] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 8-CINF PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164701570 ER PT J AU Marcum, JC Weber, M AF Marcum, Jesse C. Weber, Mathias TI Ultraviolet photodissociation of mononucleotides from cradle to grave SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Marcum, Jesse C.; Weber, Mathias] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 119-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164705662 ER PT J AU Marcum, JC Kaufman, SH Weber, JM AF Marcum, Jesse C. Kaufman, Sydney H. Weber, J. Mathias TI Exploring the photoreduction of Au(III) complexes in the gas-phase SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Marcum, Jesse C.; Kaufman, Sydney H.; Weber, J. Mathias] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 72-AEI PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164700059 ER PT J AU Martin, JW Gu, XH Nguyen, T Chin, JN AF Martin, Jonathan W. Gu, Xiaohong Tinh Nguyen Chin, Joannie TI NIST sustainable infrastructure material program SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Martin, Jonathan W.; Gu, Xiaohong; Tinh Nguyen; Chin, Joannie] NIST, BFRL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 103-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164706308 ER PT J AU McGivern, WS Pettibone, AJ AF McGivern, W. Sean Pettibone, Alicia J. TI Laminar flow cell for the study of secondary organic aerosol formation using photolytic initiation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [McGivern, W. Sean; Pettibone, Alicia J.] NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 488-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164706115 ER PT J AU Moore, NM Smith, LA Becker, ML AF Moore, Nicole M. Smith, Laura A. Becker, Matthew L. TI Optimizing osteogenic signaling in mesenchymal stem cells using peptide derivatized materials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 307-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164706798 ER PT J AU Newbury, NR Coddington, I Baumann, E Giorgetta, F Swann, WC Zolot, A AF Newbury, Nathan R. Coddington, Ian Baumann, Esther Giorgetta, Fabrizio Swann, William C. Zolot, Alex TI Broadband coherent spectroscopy in the near infrared using dual coherent frequency combs SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Newbury, Nathan R.; Coddington, Ian; Baumann, Esther; Giorgetta, Fabrizio; Swann, William C.; Zolot, Alex] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. RI Zolot, Alexander/C-7450-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 191-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164705730 ER PT J AU Pettibone, JM Hudgens, JW AF Pettibone, John M. Hudgens, Jeffery W. TI Growth and formation of tunable, monodisperse phosphine-protected gold clusters SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Pettibone, John M.; Hudgens, Jeffery W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem & Biochem Reference Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 127-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164703241 ER PT J AU Reiner, JE Kasianowicz, JJ Robertson, JWF AF Reiner, Joseph E. Kasianowicz, John J. Robertson, Joseph W. F. TI Nanopore-based single molecule determination of polymer-cation binding and membrane protein dynamics SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Reiner, Joseph E.; Kasianowicz, John J.; Robertson, Joseph W. F.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 336-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164701811 ER PT J AU Roll, MF Kampf, JW Mathur, P Laine, RM AF Roll, Mark F. Kampf, Jeffrey W. Mathur, Priyanka Laine, Richard M. TI Nanobuilding blocks via bromination of polyhedral phenylsilsesquioxanes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 205-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164706702 ER PT J AU Roll, MF AF Roll, Mark F. TI Synthesis and characterization of nano-building blocks for materials design SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Roll, Mark F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 50-AEI PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164700039 ER PT J AU Rosado-Reyes, CM Tsang, W AF Rosado-Reyes, Claudette M. Tsang, Wing TI Isomerization of cis-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane in shock tube experiments SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rosado-Reyes, Claudette M.; Tsang, Wing] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Kinet & Combust Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 55-ORGN PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164705158 ER PT J AU Roscioli, J Bell, D Nesbitt, D AF Roscioli, Joseph Bell, Daniel Nesbitt, David TI Velocity-map imaging of scattered molecular flux: Correlating quantum-state and translational distributions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NIST, Boulder, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 611-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164706223 ER PT J AU Schoch, AB Fischer, DA Lenhart, JL AF Schoch, Andrew B. Fischer, Daniel A. Lenhart, Joseph L. TI NEXAFS characterization and mechanical testing of engineered epoxy/substrate interfaces SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. NIST, Div Ceram, Synchrotron Methods Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 348-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164706527 ER PT J AU Sharp, NE Chiara, CJ Walters, WB Bindel, RT Paul, RL AF Sharp, Nicholas E. Chiara, Christopher J. Walters, William B. Bindel, Richard T. Paul, Rick L. TI Neutron-capture gamma-ray studies for levels in Ge-75,Ge-77 and Se-81,Se-83 SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 10-NUCL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164704462 ER PT J AU Thornton, JA Kercher, JP Riedel, TP Wagner, NL Cozic, J Holloway, JS Dube, WP Wolfe, GM Quinn, PK Middlebrook, AM Alexander, B Brown, SS AF Thornton, Joel A. Kercher, James P. Riedel, Theran P. Wagner, Nicholas L. Cozic, Julie Holloway, John S. Dube, William P. Wolfe, Glenn M. Quinn, Patricia K. Middlebrook, Ann M. Alexander, Becky Brown, Steven S. TI Widespread halogen activation by N2O5 heterogeneous chemistry SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. Cooperat Inst Res Environm Studies, Boulder, CO USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA USA. Hiram Coll, Dept Chem, Hiram, OH USA. RI Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Dube, William/I-1658-2013; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Dube, William/0000-0003-1286-4087; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 219-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164705757 ER PT J AU Tsai, DH DelRio, FW MacCuspie, RI Cho, TJ Zachariah, MR Hackley, VA AF Tsai, De-Hao DelRio, Frank W. MacCuspie, Robert I. Cho, Tae Joon Zachariah, Michael R. Hackley, Vincent A. TI Competitive adsorption of thiolated polyethylene glycol and mercaptopropionic acid on gold nanoparticles probed by physical characterization methods: Application in targeted drug delivery SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Proc Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Tsai, De-Hao/K-6702-2012 OI Tsai, De-Hao/0000-0002-2669-3007 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 10-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164701587 ER PT J AU Tsai, DH Cho, TJ DelRio, FW MacCuspie, RI Hackley, VA AF Tsai, De-Hao Cho, Tae Joon DelRio, Frank W. MacCuspie, Robert I. Hackley, Vincent A. TI Characterizing molecular conjugation and aggregation of nanoscale particles using complementary physical measurement methods SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Proc Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Tsai, De-Hao/K-6702-2012 OI Tsai, De-Hao/0000-0002-2669-3007 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 98-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164700510 ER PT J AU Tsang, W AF Tsang, Wing TI Unimolecular reactions of precusors to secondary organic aerosols SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Tsang, Wing] NIST, Chem & Biochem Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 657-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164706265 ER PT J AU Velazquez, JM Jaye, C Fischer, DA Banerjee, S AF Velazquez, Jesus M. Jaye, Cherno Fischer, Daniel A. Banerjee, Sarbajit TI Nanostructured vanadium oxides by chemical vapor transport and hydrothermal methods SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 622-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164703700 ER PT J AU Vizcaino, MI Morris, PJ Moeller, PDR AF Vizcaino, Maria I. Morris, Pamela J. Moeller, Peter D. R. TI Evidence for the production of novel macrocyclic antibiotics from the marine bacterium Pseudovibrio denitrificans SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC USA. Univ S Carolina, Belle W Baruch Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Charleston, SC USA. NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 46-MEDI PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164704361 ER PT J AU Watson, RP Kramer-Marek, G Capala, J AF Watson, Russell P. Kramer-Marek, Gabriela Capala, Jacek TI Instrumental neutron activation analysis of gold in mouse tissues SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 160-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164700315 ER PT J AU Whittaker, L Wu, TL Jaye, C Fischer, D Ganapathy, S Banerjee, S AF Whittaker, Luisa Wu, Tailung Jaye, Cherno Fischer, Daniel Ganapathy, Sambandamurthy Banerjee, Sarbajit TI Tuning the metal-insulator phase transition in VO2 nanostructures SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 621-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164703699 ER PT J AU Wu, WL AF Wu, Wen-li TI Application of random phase approximation for scattering in crosslinked polymers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wu, Wen-li] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 66-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164707092 ER PT J AU Xiang, SC Zhou, W Liu, Y Chen, BL AF Xiang, Shengchang Zhou, Wei Liu, Yun Chen, Banglin TI Exceptionally high acetylene uptake in a microporous metal-organic framework with open metal sites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE USA. NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RI Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Xiang, Shengchang/F-9210-2010 OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Xiang, Shengchang/0000-0001-6016-2587 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 702-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164703773 ER PT J AU Park, J Min, KW Summers, D Hwang, J Kim, HJ Horne, RB Kirsch, P Yumoto, K Uozumi, T Luehr, H Green, J AF Park, J. Min, K. W. Summers, D. Hwang, J. Kim, H. J. Horne, R. B. Kirsch, P. Yumoto, K. Uozumi, T. Luehr, H. Green, J. TI Non-stormtime injection of energetic particles into the slot-region between Earth's inner and outer electron radiation belts as observed by STSAT-1 and NOAA-POES SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WHISTLER-MODE CHORUS; RESONANT DIFFUSION; ART.; MAGNETOSPHERE AB The slot-region between Earth's inner and outer electron radiation belts was observed on 24 February 2004 by the satellite STSAT-1 to be populated by quasi-trapped electrons of energy 100-400 keV. This injection lasted for several hours and took place during a non-stormtime substorm. This appears to be the first observation of a slot-region electron injection that did not occur during a geomagnetic storm. We also report multi-instrument observations of this event from NOAA-POES and CPMN magnetic observatories, and we consider physical mechanisms that may account for the phenomenon. Citation: Park, J., et al. (2010), Non-stormtime injection of energetic particles into the slot-region between Earth's inner and outer electron radiation belts as observed by STSAT-1 and NOAA-POES, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L16102, doi:10.1029/2010GL043989. C1 [Park, J.; Min, K. W.; Kim, H. J.] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Taejon 305701, South Korea. [Green, J.] NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Horne, R. B.; Kirsch, P.] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Hwang, J.] Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Solar & Space Weather Res Grp, Taejon 305348, South Korea. [Luehr, H.] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Summers, D.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Math & Stat, St John, NF A1C 5S7, Canada. [Yumoto, K.; Uozumi, T.] Kyushu Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Higashi Ku, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. RP Park, J (reprint author), Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, 373-1 Guseong Dong, Taejon 305701, South Korea. EM jhpark@space.kaist.ac.kr RI Min, Kyoung Wook/C-1948-2011; OI Horne, Richard/0000-0002-0412-6407 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [A-0621]; Korean Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [R31-10016] FX We are grateful to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) for providing the POES data, to M. Hairston and M. Golkowski for the help with accessing scientific data, and to G. K. Parks and C. Rodger for valuable discussions. D. S. acknowledges support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada under grant A-0621 and from the WCU grant R31-10016 funded by the Korean Ministry of Education, Science and Technology. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 21 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L16102 DI 10.1029/2010GL043989 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 641OR UT WOS:000281138200002 ER PT J AU Zhang, R AF Zhang, Rong TI Latitudinal dependence of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) variations SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VARIABILITY; MODELS; OCEAN AB AMOC variations are often thought to propagate with the Kelvin wave speed, resulting in a short time lead between high and low latitudes AMOC variations. However as shown in this paper using a coupled climate model (GFDL CM2.1), with the existence of interior pathways of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) from Flemish Cap to Cape Hatteras as that observed recently, AMOC variations estimated in density space propagate with the advection speed in this region, resulting in a much longer time lead (several years) between subpolar and subtropical AMOC variations and providing a more useful predictability. The results suggest that AMOC variations have significant meridional coherence in density space, and monitoring AMOC variations in density space at higher latitudes might reveal a stronger signal with a several-year time lead. Citation: Zhang, R. (2010), Latitudinal dependence of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) variations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L16703, doi:10.1029/2010GL044474. C1 NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Zhang, R (reprint author), NOAA, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM rong.zhang@noaa.gov RI Zhang, Rong/D-9767-2014 OI Zhang, Rong/0000-0002-8493-6556 NR 19 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 21 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L16703 DI 10.1029/2010GL044474 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 641OR UT WOS:000281138200007 ER PT J AU Kiel, JW Mackay, ME Kirby, BJ Maranville, BB Majkrzak, CF AF Kiel, J. W. Mackay, M. E. Kirby, B. J. Maranville, B. B. Majkrzak, C. F. TI Phase-sensitive neutron reflectometry measurements applied in the study of photovoltaic films SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POLYMER SOLAR-CELLS; SELF-ORGANIZATION; SURROUNDING MEDIA; MORPHOLOGY; POLY(3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE); BLENDS; REFLECTIVITY; DIFFUSION AB Due to low charge carrier mobilities in polymer-based solar cells, device performance is dictated by the nanoscale morphology of the active layer components. However, their morphological details are notoriously difficult to distinguish due to the low electron contrast difference between the components. Phase-sensitive neutron reflectivity (PSNR) is uniquely suited to characterize these systems due to the large, natural scattering length density difference between two common device materials, poly (3-hexylthiophene) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). Using PSNR we find a high concentration of PCBM at the substrate and near but not at the air interface. Herein we discuss the method of applying PSNR to polymer-based solar cells, the results obtained, and an evaluation of its effectiveness. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3471583] C1 [Kiel, J. W.; Mackay, M. E.] Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Kiel, J. W.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Kirby, B. J.; Maranville, B. B.; Majkrzak, C. F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Scattering, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mackay, ME (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM mem@udel.edu; charles.majkrzak@nist.gov FU NSF [NIRT-0506309]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG0205ER46211]; Center for Neutron Science at the University of Delaware FX This work was primarily supported by NSF Grant No. NIRT-0506309 and partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under research Contract No. DE-FG0205ER46211. In addition, funding from the Center for Neutron Science at the University of Delaware is greatly appreciated. Commercial materials, instruments, and equipment are identified in this paper to specify the experimental procedure as completely as possible. In no case does such identification imply a recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that the materials, instruments, or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 30 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 21 PY 2010 VL 133 IS 7 AR 074902 DI 10.1063/1.3471583 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 641UC UT WOS:000281154200041 PM 20726666 ER PT J AU Min, DH Warner, MJ Bullister, JL AF Min, Dong-Ha Warner, Mark J. Bullister, John L. TI Estimated rates of carbon tetrachloride removal in the thermocline and deep waters of the East Sea (Sea of Japan) SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Carbon tetrachloride; Chlorofluorocarbons; Removal; East Sea; Model; Tracers ID TRANSIENT TRACER; ANOXIC SEAWATER; ATLANTIC OCEAN; WEDDELL SEA; CFC-11; CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS; BASIN; DEGRADATION; GROUNDWATER; HALOCARBONS AB Dissolved carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) was measured for the first time in the East Sea (Sea of Japan) during the summer of 1999. Fairly high concentrations (>0.5 pmol kg(-1) at the minimum) of CCl(4) were observed throughout the water column to the bottom (>3500 m), with evidence of significant depletion of this compound in the well-oxygenated thermocline waters. CCl(4) loss rates below 200 m depth were estimated to range from near zero to 0.05 yr(-1) using a tracer-calibrated mixing model, and from 0.04 to 0.07 yr(-1) using the CFC-12 partial pressure (pCFC-12) age technique. The results from the mixing model and pCFC-12 age technique are in fairly good agreement in the upper 1500 m of water column, but show systematic differences in the deep waters below 1500 m that are likely due to biases in the pCFC-12 age technique. Despite relatively rapid removal in the upper 500 m water column, the low removal rates for CCl(4) in the cold, deep waters of the East Sea estimated using the mixing model (<0.02 yr(-1) for depths >2000 m) indicate that this compound can be a potentially useful quantitative ocean tracer in certain regions. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Min, Dong-Ha] Univ Texas Marine Sci Inst, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. [Warner, Mark J.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bullister, John L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Min, DH (reprint author), Univ Texas Marine Sci Inst, 750 Channel View Dr, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. EM dongha@mail.utexas.edu FU National Science Foundation [OCE-9818937] FX This work was partly supported by the National Science Foundation (OCE-9818937). We thank D. Wisegarver for help in the ampoule analysis at NOAA/PMEL P. Tishchienko at Pacific Oceanographic Institute directed the glass ampoule sampling on the Khromov cruise. We thank Lynne Talley (chief scientist) and crew of the R/V Roger Revelle and R/V Prof. Khromov. We thank the constructive suggestions of two anonymous reviewers and helpful discussion with R. Sonnerup. This is the University of Texas Marine Science Institute contribution 1520. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD AUG 20 PY 2010 VL 121 IS 1-4 BP 100 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2010.03.008 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 711AW UT WOS:000286559100010 ER PT J AU Mordy, CW Eisner, LB Proctor, P Stabeno, P Devol, AH Shull, DH Napp, JM Whitledge, T AF Mordy, Calvin W. Eisner, Lisa B. Proctor, Peter Stabeno, Phyllis Devol, Allan H. Shull, David H. Napp, Jeffrey M. Whitledge, Terry TI Temporary uncoupling of the marine nitrogen cycle: Accumulation of nitrite on the Bering Sea shelf SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; Nutrient cycle; Nitrite; Nitrogen cycle; Nitrification; Denitrification ID SUBSURFACE AMMONIUM MAXIMUM; NITRATE UPTAKE; DENITRIFICATION RATES; PHYTOPLANKTON; SEDIMENTS; SUMMER; FIXATION; PATTERNS; PACIFIC; GROWTH AB An unprecedented pool of nitrite (2-5.6 mu M) was observed in the well-oxygenated, ammonium-rich bottom waters of Bering Sea middle shelf in fall 2005 on two simultaneous oceanographic cruises. This nitrite pool was located in a transition zone that separated the ice-derived cold pool to the north from warmer waters to the south. The transition zone was influenced by on-shelf flow. The nitrite pool was transitory; it was not apparent 11 days after it was first observed. Several origins of the pool were considered including: truncation of sedimentary denitrification and/or curtailment of anammox (these are dominate pathways in the nitrogen cycle of the Bering Sea), nitrite release from light-limited phytoplankton (light and nutrient conditions were favorable for this mechanism), and truncation of water column nitrification (there was a small decrease of ammonium in the vicinity of the nitrite pool). The occurrence of this pool suggests a temporary uncoupling of the marine nitrogen cycle. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mordy, Calvin W.; Proctor, Peter] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Eisner, Lisa B.] NOAA, Ted Stephens Marine Res Inst, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Stabeno, Phyllis] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Devol, Allan H.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Shull, David H.] Western Washington Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Napp, Jeffrey M.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Whitledge, Terry] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Mordy, CW (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Box 355672, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM Calvin.W.Mordy@noaa.gov; Lisa.Eisner@noaa.gov; Peter.Proctor@noaa.gov; Phyllis.Stabeno@noaa.gov; devol@ocean.washington.edu; david.shull@wwu.edu; jeff.napp@noaa.gov; terry@ims.uaf.edu FU NOAA; NOAA's Alaska Fisheries Science Center; North Pacific Research Board [517, 602, 701]; Arctic Yukon Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative (AYKSSI); NSF [ARC0612380]; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA17RJ1232] FX We thank the crew and officers of the NOAA ship Miller Freeman and the F/V Sea Storm for their assistance and effort. We also thank Bill Floering and Bill Parker for overseeing CTD and mooring operations, Eric Wisegarver and Fred Menzia for assisting with the nutrient data, Karen Birchfield, Nancy Kachel, Dave Kachel and Doug Jongeward for assisting with the figures, Kristin Cieciel for assistance in BASIS data collection, CTD processing, and database management, and Colleen Harpold for analysis of chlorophyll samples. We also thank an anonymous reviewer for improving the manuscript. Research was funded by NOAA's North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity Program, NOAA's Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) Program, NOAA's Alaska Fisheries Science Center, the North Pacific Research Board (Grants: #517, 602 and 701 to PJS), the Arctic Yukon Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative (AYKSSI), and NSF's Office of Polar Programs (Grant ARC0612380 to AHD and DHS). This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement No. NA17RJ1232. This research is contribution EcoFOCI-N707 to NOAA's Ecosystems and Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations, contribution 3287 to NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, and contribution 1741 to JISAO. NR 29 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD AUG 20 PY 2010 VL 121 IS 1-4 BP 157 EP 166 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2010.04.004 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 711AW UT WOS:000286559100015 ER PT J AU Langford, AO Tucker, SC Senff, CJ Banta, RM Brewer, WA Alvarez, RJ Hardesty, RM Lerner, BM Williams, EJ AF Langford, A. O. Tucker, S. C. Senff, C. J. Banta, R. M. Brewer, W. A. Alvarez, R. J., II Hardesty, R. M. Lerner, B. M. Williams, E. J. TI Convective venting and surface ozone in Houston during TexAQS 2006 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; MIXED-LAYER; ENTRAINMENT ZONE; SHALLOW CUMULUS; TRANSPORT; CLOUDS; SCHEME; LIDAR AB The influence of convective mixing on surface ozone in Houston during TexAQS 2006 is examined. We use airborne lidar measurements of ozone and ship-based Doppler lidar measurements of winds, together with ship- and ground-based measurements of surface ozone to characterize horizontal and vertical mixing of ozone plumes from the Houston Ship Channel on two high-ozone days. We show that a stable capping layer trapped the plume in the boundary layer on 31 August, while shallow convection associated with active fair weather cumulus clouds mixed the plume with free tropospheric air on 17 August. Deep convection associated with an isolated air mass thunderstorm further decreased surface ozone near Galveston Bay in the late afternoon. High ozone thus affected a smaller area for a shorter period on 17 August, despite similar background concentrations and local production. We generalize these findings by comparing Houston ozone concentrations to National Weather Service ( Lake Charles, LA) radiosondes. We show that for 1 June to 15 September 2006, stable conditions with high background ozone occurred 18% of the days leading to mean daily 8 h concentrations of 73 +/- 11 ppbv. Shallow and deep convection associated with moderate to strongly unstable conditions lowered the mean ozone to 50 +/- 11 ppbv (similar to 29% of days), while weaker convection associated with marginally unstable conditions reduced the mean concentrations to 63 +/- 13 ppbv (similar to 11%). We use these observations to derive simple relationships between surface ozone and convective indicators that may prove useful for parameterization of convective venting in air quality models. C1 [Langford, A. O.; Tucker, S. C.; Senff, C. J.; Banta, R. M.; Brewer, W. A.; Alvarez, R. J., II; Hardesty, R. M.; Lerner, B. M.; Williams, E. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Tucker, S. C.; Senff, C. J.; Lerner, B. M.; Williams, E. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Langford, AO (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway,R CSD3, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM andrew.o.langford@noaa.gov RI Langford, Andrew/D-2323-2009; Hardesty, Robert/H-9844-2013; Williams, Eric/F-1184-2010; Senff, Christoph/I-2592-2013; Brewer, Wm Alan/I-3920-2013; Alvarez, Raul/I-4879-2013; Lerner, Brian/H-6556-2013; Banta, Robert/B-8361-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Langford, Andrew/0000-0002-2932-7061; Lerner, Brian/0000-0001-8721-8165; FU NOAA [582-8-86246] FX The authors would like to thank Scott Sandberg, Richard Marchbanks, Brandi McCarty Ann Weickmann, and Lisa Darby for their help with the TOPAZ and HRDL instrumentation and data analysis during the TexAQS 2006 experiment. The authors would like to acknowledge support from NOAA Health of the Atmosphere program, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (grant 582-8-86246), the officers and crew of the R/V Ronald H. Brown, and NOAA Twin Otter. The authors also thank Dan Wolfe of NOAA/ESRL for providing the R/V Brown radiosonde data and the TCEQ Monitoring Operations Division for permission to reproduce the contour plots in Figure 1. Finally, the authors gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and/or READY Web site (http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready.php) used in this publication. NR 43 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 20 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D16305 DI 10.1029/2009JD013301 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 641QF UT WOS:000281144100004 ER PT J AU Cardone, A Hassan, SA Albers, RW Sriram, RD Pant, HC AF Cardone, A. Hassan, S. A. Albers, R. W. Sriram, R. D. Pant, H. C. TI Structural and Dynamic Determinants of Ligand Binding and Regulation of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5 by Pathological Activator p25 and Inhibitory Peptide CIP SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cdk5; CIP; kinase; regulation; dynamics ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TRYPSIN-INHIBITOR; CDK5 ACTIVATOR; PROTEIN; P35; HYPERPHOSPHORYLATION; FLUCTUATIONS; DOMAINS; MOTIONS; DISEASE AB The crystal structure of the cdk5/p25 complex has provided information on possible molecular mechanisms of the ligand binding, specificity, and regulation of the kinase. Comparative molecular dynamics simulations are reported here for physiological conditions. This study provides new insight on the mechanisms that modulate such processes, which may be exploited to control pathological activation by p25. The structural changes observed in the kinase are stabilized by a network of interactions involving highly conserved residues within the cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) family. Collective motions of the proteins (cdk5, p25, and CIP) and their complexes are identified by principal component analysis, revealing two conformational states of the activation loop upon p25 complexation, which are absent in the uncomplexed kinase and not apparent from the crystal. Simulations of the uncomplexed inhibitor CIP show structural rearrangements and increased flexibility of the interfacial loop containing the critical residue E240, which becomes fully hydrated and available for interactions with one of several positively charged residues in the kinase. These changes provide a rationale for the observed high affinity and enhanced inhibitory action of CIP when compared to either p25 or the physiological activators of cdk5. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hassan, S. A.] NIH, Ctr Mol Modeling, Div Computat Biosci, Ctr Informat Technol, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Cardone, A.; Sriram, R. D.] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cardone, A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Albers, R. W.] Natl Inst Neurol Disorders & Stroke, Enzyme Chem Sect, Neurochem Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Pant, H. C.] Natl Inst Neurol Disorders & Stroke, Neuronal Cytoskeletal Prot Regulat Sect, Neurochem Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Hassan, SA (reprint author), NIH, Ctr Mol Modeling, Div Computat Biosci, Ctr Informat Technol, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM mago@helix.nih.gov FU National Institutes of Health through the Center for Information Technology; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; Internal National Institute of Standards and Technology FX This study utilized the high-performance computer capabilities of the Biowulf PC/Linux cluster at the National Institutes of Health. This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health Intramural Research Program through the Center for Information Technology and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, and by the Internal National Institute of Standards and Technology Research Fund. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD AUG 20 PY 2010 VL 401 IS 3 BP 478 EP 492 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2010.06.040 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 641ZB UT WOS:000281171000012 PM 20599546 ER PT J AU Peischl, J Ryerson, TB Holloway, JS Parrish, DD Trainer, M Frost, GJ Aikin, KC Brown, SS Dube, WP Stark, H Fehsenfeld, FC AF Peischl, J. Ryerson, T. B. Holloway, J. S. Parrish, D. D. Trainer, M. Frost, G. J. Aikin, K. C. Brown, S. S. Dube, W. P. Stark, H. Fehsenfeld, F. C. TI A top-down analysis of emissions from selected Texas power plants during TexAQS 2000 and 2006 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CARBON-MONOXIDE; OZONE FORMATION; AIR; DISTRIBUTIONS; AEROSOLS; PLUMES; SYSTEM; SCALE; NOX AB Airborne measurements were taken downwind of eleven Texas power generation facilities in 2000 and 2006 as part of the two Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS) campaigns. From these measurements, we determine emission ratios of NOx (= NO + NO2), SO2, and CO to coemitted CO2 for each facility. These measurements provide an independent external assessment of reported emission ratios from continuous emission monitoring systems (CEMS). During the TexAQS study years, we find the SO2/CO2 and NOx/CO2 emission ratios derived from measurements aboard the aircraft agree quantitatively with inventory values from CEMS, with standard deviations of less than +/- 14%. We document significant decreases in atmospheric mixing ratios of NOx as a result of emission reductions due to controls implemented at the W. A. Parish plant after TexAQS 2000. For several of the facilities, CO emissions appear relatively constant in time. Derived CO/CO2 emission ratios agree substantially better with Texas Commission on Environmental Quality inventories in 2006 than in 2000, which we attribute to better inventory data from three facilities that installed CO CEMS between the two study years and not because of any significant change in CO emissions. Other plants appear to have varying CO emissions over time, complicating comparison to annual inventory values. Finally, we use two independent NO2 measurements, along with measurements of O-3, NO3, and N2O5, to quantify the fraction of NOx directly emitted as NO2 from the Oklaunion Power Plant, providing the first quantitative estimate of NO2 emissions from a power generation facility using ambient data. C1 [Peischl, J.; Holloway, J. S.; Frost, G. J.; Aikin, K. C.; Dube, W. P.; Stark, H.; Fehsenfeld, F. C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Peischl, J.; Ryerson, T. B.; Holloway, J. S.; Parrish, D. D.; Trainer, M.; Frost, G. J.; Aikin, K. C.; Brown, S. S.; Dube, W. P.; Stark, H.; Fehsenfeld, F. C.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Peischl, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jeff.peischl@noaa.gov RI Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Stark, Harald/E-7433-2010; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Dube, William/I-1658-2013; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Frost, Gregory/I-1958-2013; Aikin, Kenneth/I-1973-2013; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Dube, William/0000-0003-1286-4087; NR 24 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 19 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D16303 DI 10.1029/2009JD013527 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 641QE UT WOS:000281144000001 ER PT J AU Arora, B Safronova, MS Clark, CW AF Arora, Bindiya Safronova, M. S. Clark, Charles W. TI State-insensitive bichromatic optical trapping SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ALKALI-METAL ATOMS; ALL-ORDER CALCULATIONS; MATRIX-ELEMENTS; DIPOLE POLARIZABILITIES; RYDBERG BLOCKADE; LATTICE; CONSTANTS; ENERGIES; HELIUM; SHIFT AB We study a scheme for state-insensitive trapping of neutral atoms by using light with two independent wavelengths. In particular, we describe the use of trapping and control lasers to minimize the variance of the potential experienced by a trapped Rb atom in ground and excited states. We present calculated values of wavelength pairs for which the 5s and 5(p3/2) levels have the same ac Stark shifts in the presence of two laser fields. C1 [Arora, Bindiya; Safronova, M. S.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Clark, Charles W.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Clark, Charles W.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Arora, Bindiya] Guru Nanak Dev Univ, Dept Phys, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India. RP Arora, B (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009 OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885 FU U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology; National Science Foundation under Physics Frontiers Center [PHY-0822671] FX This research was performed under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and was supported by the National Science Foundation under Physics Frontiers Center Grant No. PHY-0822671. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG 19 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 2 AR 022509 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.82.022509 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 640PI UT WOS:000281063500005 ER PT J AU Dutton, GJ Jin, W Reutt-Robey, JE Robey, SW AF Dutton, G. J. Jin, W. Reutt-Robey, J. E. Robey, S. W. TI Ultrafast charge-transfer processes at an oriented phthalocyanine/C-60 interface SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PHOTOINDUCED ELECTRON-TRANSFER; MOLECULE-METAL INTERFACES; SPECTRA; SEMICONDUCTOR; RATES; FILMS; TIME AB The ultrafast dynamics at a well-characterized CuPc/C-60 organic photovoltaic heterojunction have been directly measured with time-resolved two-photon photoemission (TR-2PPE). Phthalocyanine/C-60 donor-acceptor interfaces, characterized in detail via scanning tunneling microscopy, provide model systems for studies of critical charge separation and recombination processes that determine device performance. TR-2PPE studies of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc)/C-60 interfaces reveal ultrafast charge separation and provide evidence for recombination via low-lying CuPc triplet levels. C1 [Dutton, G. J.; Robey, S. W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jin, W.; Reutt-Robey, J. E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Dutton, GJ (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Reutt-Robey, Janice /C-3517-2009; Dutton, Gregory/J-8870-2016 OI Reutt-Robey, Janice /0000-0002-9309-7854; Dutton, Gregory/0000-0002-1483-604X FU National Science Foundation [DMR-05-2047]; Surface Analytical Chemistry Program [CHE0750203] FX Support was provided by the National Science Foundation under MRSEC Program, Grant No. DMR-05-2047, the Surface Analytical Chemistry Program under Grant No. CHE0750203 and MRSEC shared equipment facilities. We also thank A. Hamins-Puertolas for initial data analysis and D. B. Dougherty for experimental assistance. NR 27 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 40 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 19 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 7 AR 073407 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.073407 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 640PS UT WOS:000281064500003 ER PT J AU Torres, JM Stafford, CM Vogt, BD AF Torres, Jessica M. Stafford, Christopher M. Vogt, Bryan D. TI Impact of molecular mass on the elastic modulus of thin polystyrene films SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Wrinkling; Nanomechanics; Thin films ID GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; ULTRATHIN POLYMER-FILMS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; LENGTH SCALE; SURFACE; CONFINEMENT; INTERFACE; DYNAMICS; SIZE; THICKNESS AB Surface wrinkling was used to determine the elastic modulus at ambient temperature of polystyrene (PS) films of varying thickness and relative molecular mass (M(n)). A range of M(n) from 1.2 kg/mol to 990 kg/mol was examined to determine if the molecular size impacts the mechanical properties at the nanoscale. Ultrathin films exhibited a decrease in modulus for all molecular masses studied here compared to the bulk value. For M(n) > 3.2 kg/mol, the fractional change in modulus was statistically independent of molecular mass and the modulus began to deviate from the bulk as the thickness is decreased below approximate to 50 nm. An order of magnitude decrease in the elastic modulus was found when the film thickness was approximate to 15 nm, irrespective of M(n). However, an increase in the length scale for nanoconfinement was observed as the molecular mass was decreased below this threshold. The modulus of thin PS films with a molecular mass of 1.2 kg/mol deviated from bulk behavior when the film thickness was decreased below approximate to 100 nm. This result illustrates that the modulus of thin PS films does not scale with molecular size. Rather, the quench depth into the glass appears to correlate well with the length scale at which the modulus of the films deviates from the bulk, in agreement with molecular simulations from de Pablo and coworkers [31] and recent experimental work [35]. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Torres, Jessica M.; Vogt, Bryan D.] Arizona State Univ, Flexible Display Ctr, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. [Stafford, Christopher M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vogt, BD (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Flexible Display Ctr, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. EM bryan.vogt@asu.edu FU National Science Foundation [0653989-CMMI] FX This work was financially supported by the National Science Foundation under grant #0653989-CMMI. We gratefully acknowledge the use of facilities within the LeRoy Eyring Center for Solid State Science at Arizona State University. We thank Dr. Dallas Kingsbury for assistance with Instron measurements, Dr. Chad R. Snyder for DSC measurements, and Ms. Kathy M. Flynn for GPC measurements. NR 53 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD AUG 19 PY 2010 VL 51 IS 18 BP 4211 EP 4217 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.07.003 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 640LG UT WOS:000281052100024 ER PT J AU Matan, K Ibuka, S Morinaga, R Chi, SX Lynn, JW Christianson, AD Lumsden, MD Sato, TJ AF Matan, K. Ibuka, S. Morinaga, R. Chi, Songxue Lynn, J. W. Christianson, A. D. Lumsden, M. D. Sato, T. J. TI Doping dependence of spin dynamics in electron-doped Ba(Fe1-xCox)(2)As-2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LOW-TEMPERATURES; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB The spin dynamics in single crystal, electron-doped Ba(Fe1-xCox)(2)As-2 has been investigated by inelastic neutron scattering over the full range from undoped to the overdoped regime. We observe damped magnetic fluctuations in the normal state of the optimally doped compound (x= 0.06) that share a remarkable similarity with those in the paramagnetic state of the parent compound (x= 0). In the overdoped superconducting compound (x=0.14), magnetic excitations show a gaplike behavior, possibly related to a topological change in the hole Fermi surface (Lifshitz transition) while the imaginary part of the spin susceptibility chi '' prominently resembles that of the overdoped cuprates. For the heavily overdoped, nonsuperconducting compound (x=0.24) the magnetic scattering disappears, which could be attributed to the absence of a hole Fermi-surface pocket observed by photoemission. C1 [Matan, K.] Mahidol Univ, Dept Phys, Fac Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Matan, K.; Ibuka, S.; Morinaga, R.; Sato, T. J.] Univ Tokyo, Neutron Sci Lab, Inst Solid State Phys, Ibaraki 3191106, Japan. [Matan, K.; Ibuka, S.; Morinaga, R.; Sato, T. J.] JST, TRIP, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1020075, Japan. [Chi, Songxue; Lynn, J. W.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chi, Songxue] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Christianson, A. D.; Lumsden, M. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Matan, K (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Neutron Sci Lab, Inst Solid State Phys, 106-1 Shirakata, Ibaraki 3191106, Japan. EM kmatan@issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp; taku@issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Sato, Taku/I-7664-2015; christianson, andrew/A-3277-2016; Chi, Songxue/A-6713-2013; Lumsden, Mark/F-5366-2012; OI Sato, Taku/0000-0003-2511-4998; christianson, andrew/0000-0003-3369-5884; Chi, Songxue/0000-0002-3851-9153; Lumsden, Mark/0000-0002-5472-9660; Ibuka, Soshi/0000-0001-9295-5442 FU Division of Scientific User Facilities, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. DOE; U.S.-Japan cooperative program on neutron-scattering research FX We thank H. Yoshizawa, T. Mizokawa, H. Ikeda, K. Ohgushi, and K. Ishida for valuable discussions. This work is partly supported by the U.S.-Japan cooperative program on neutron-scattering research. Part of this work was supported by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. DOE. NR 35 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 18 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 5 AR 054515 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.054515 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 639ZN UT WOS:000281016400003 ER PT J AU Heron, SF Willis, BL Skirving, WJ Eakin, CM Page, CA Miller, IR AF Heron, Scott F. Willis, Bette L. Skirving, William J. Eakin, C. Mark Page, Cathie A. Miller, Ian R. TI Summer Hot Snaps and Winter Conditions: Modelling White Syndrome Outbreaks on Great Barrier Reef Corals SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICS; DISEASE; TEMPERATURE; AUSTRALIA; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY; SHIFTS AB Coral reefs are under increasing pressure in a changing climate, one such threat being more frequent and destructive outbreaks of coral diseases. Thermal stress from rising temperatures has been implicated as a causal factor in disease outbreaks observed on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, and elsewhere in the world. Here, we examine seasonal effects of satellite-derived temperature on the abundance of coral diseases known as white syndromes on the Great Barrier Reef, considering both warm stress during summer and deviations from mean temperatures during the preceding winter. We found a high correlation (r(2) = 0.953) between summer warm thermal anomalies (Hot Snap) and disease abundance during outbreak events. Inclusion of thermal conditions during the preceding winter revealed that a significant reduction in disease outbreaks occurred following especially cold winters (Cold Snap), potentially related to a reduction in pathogen loading. Furthermore, mild winters (i.e., neither excessively cool nor warm) frequently preceded disease outbreaks. In contrast, disease outbreaks did not typically occur following warm winters, potentially because of increased disease resistance of the coral host. Understanding the balance between the effects of warm and cold winters on disease outbreak will be important in a warming climate. Combining the influence of winter and summer thermal effects resulted in an algorithm that yields both a Seasonal Outlook of disease risk at the conclusion of winter and near real-time monitoring of Outbreak Risk during summer. This satellite-derived system can provide coral reef managers with an assessment of risk three-to-six months in advance of the summer season that can then be refined using near-real-time summer observations. This system can enhance the capacity of managers to prepare for and respond to possible disease outbreaks and focus research efforts to increase understanding of environmental impacts on coral disease in this era of rapidly changing climate. C1 [Heron, Scott F.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Townsville, Qld, Australia. [Heron, Scott F.; Skirving, William J.] James Cook Univ, Dept Phys, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Heron, Scott F.; Skirving, William J.] James Cook Univ, Marine Geophys Lab, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Willis, Bette L.; Page, Cathie A.] James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Willis, Bette L.; Page, Cathie A.] James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Eakin, C. Mark] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Miller, Ian R.] Australian Inst Marine Sci, Long Term Monitoring Program, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. RP Heron, SF (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Townsville, Qld, Australia. EM scott.heron@noaa.gov RI Heron, Scott/E-7928-2011; Skirving, William/E-7927-2011; Eakin, C. Mark/F-5585-2010 OI Skirving, William/0000-0003-0167-6427; FU NOAA; World Bank/Global Environment Facility Coral Reef Targeted Research Remote Sensing and Coral Disease Working Groups; Marine and Tropical Sciences FX This work was supported by the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program; the World Bank/Global Environment Facility Coral Reef Targeted Research Remote Sensing and Coral Disease Working Groups; and the Marine and Tropical Sciences Research Facility. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 28 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 11 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 17 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 8 AR e12210 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0012210 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 639II UT WOS:000280968100014 PM 20808912 ER PT J AU Phelan, D Millican, JN Gehring, PM AF Phelan, D. Millican, J. N. Gehring, P. M. TI Dissimilarity of polar displacements in barium and lead based relaxors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; CERAMICS; PBMG1/3NB2/3O3; TRANSITION; BEHAVIOR; PHASE AB Powder neutron diffraction experiments were performed on the relaxor compound, Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)(0.95)Ti0.05O3, which was recently shown to have stronger frequency dependence in its permittivity than many Pb-based relaxors (PBR), such as PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 [L. Khemakhem et al., J. Alloys Compd. 452, 451 (2008)]. Several notable differences in structural properties were observed in the present measurements compared to PBR. In particular, much smaller atomic displacement parameters were found, especially on the A (Ba) site, which indicates that the local shifts of the Ba atoms are much smaller than the Pb shifts in PBR. Moreover, no signature of electrostrictive strain is apparent in the thermal expansion, and instead the thermal expansion is much larger at low temperatures than for PBR. [doi:10.1063/1.3479524] C1 [Phelan, D.; Millican, J. N.; Gehring, P. M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Phelan, D (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM daniel.phelan@nist.gov OI Gehring, Peter/0000-0002-9236-2046 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 16 PY 2010 VL 97 IS 7 AR 072903 DI 10.1063/1.3479524 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 641TW UT WOS:000281153600062 ER PT J AU Siemens, ME Moody, G Li, HB Bristow, AD Cundiff, ST AF Siemens, Mark E. Moody, Galan Li, Hebin Bristow, Alan D. Cundiff, Steven T. TI Resonance lineshapes in two-dimensional Fourier transform spectroscopy SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; SEMICONDUCTORS; SPECTRA AB We derive an analytical form for resonance lineshapes in two-dimensional (2D) Fourier transform spectroscopy. Our starting point is the solution of the optical Bloch equations for a two-level system in the 2D time domain. Application of the projection-slice theorem of 2D Fourier transforms reveals the form of diagonal and cross-diagonal slices in the 2D frequency data for arbitrary inhomogeneity. The results are applied in quantitative measurements of homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening of multiple resonances in experimental data. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Siemens, Mark E.; Moody, Galan; Li, Hebin; Bristow, Alan D.; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Siemens, Mark E.; Moody, Galan; Li, Hebin; Bristow, Alan D.; Cundiff, Steven T.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Moody, Galan; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Siemens, ME (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiffs@jila.colorado.edu RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Li, Hebin/A-8711-2009; Bristow, Alan/F-9703-2013; Moody, Galan/J-5811-2014 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; Moody, Galan/0000-0001-7263-1483 FU National Science Foundation; Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council FX The authors would like to thank David Jonas and Warren Warren for helpful discussions and Richard Mirin for providing samples. This work was supported by National Science Foundation and the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. MES acknowledges funding from the National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council postdoctoral fellows program. NR 28 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 13 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD AUG 16 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 17 BP 17699 EP 17708 DI 10.1364/OE.18.017699 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 640LZ UT WOS:000281054400013 PM 20721156 ER PT J AU Lovestead, TM Bruno, TJ AF Lovestead, Tara M. Bruno, Thomas J. TI Detection of poultry spoilage markers from headspace analysis with cryoadsorption on a short alumina PLOT column SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Adsorption; Chicken; Gas chromatography; Headspace; Mass spectrometry; Poultry; Purge and trap; Spoilage ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; AROMA COMPONENTS; IDENTIFICATION; CHICKEN; STORAGE; PARTS; WATER; PORK AB A rapid and simple diagnostic tool for the early detection of meat spoilage would be invaluable to ensure meat quality during production, distribution, and retail. Recently, we developed an improved purge and trap method for sampling low volatility, as well as volatile, compounds by applying low temperature collection on short alumina-coated porous layer open tubular (PLOT) columns. This method was applied to the analysis of both fresh and spoiled poultry to identify marker compounds that could be used as indicators for poultry spoilage. Samples of chicken breast were crimp-sealed in individual autosampler vials and maintained at 25 degrees C for either a day or 2 weeks. Two weeks were sufficient to ensure severe spoilage. The headspace was sampled by cryoadsorption for 10, 20, or 30 min; and the analytes were then separated, identified, and quantified with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Six potential markers for poultry spoilage were identified in the headspace of spoiled chicken: dimethyl disulphide; dimethyl trisulphide; phenyl sulphide; methyl thiolacetate; allyl methyl sulphide; and 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine. Additionally, isophorone was detected in the headspace of both the fresh and the spoiled chicken; its origin is unknown but is suspected to come from the packaging. The applicability of this method to detect chicken spoilage in a commercial setting was tested by sampling the air above spoiled chicken breast that was maintained in its original retail packaging, as obtained direct from a commercial vendor, for 2 weeks at 25 degrees C. Sampling was done via a modified, room-temperature approach with an activated PLOT column and a motorised pipette filler/dispenser. Five of the above compounds were also identified with this approach: dimethyl disulphide; dimethyl trisulphide; phenyl sulphide; 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine; and isophorone. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lovestead, Tara M.; Bruno, Thomas J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov FU National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council FX TML acknowledges a Professional Research Experiences Program and a National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship, both at NIST. NR 32 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD AUG 15 PY 2010 VL 121 IS 4 BP 1274 EP 1282 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.01.044 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 588XE UT WOS:000277107100049 ER PT J AU Gillman, ES Costello, D Moreno, M Raspopin, A Kasica, R Chen, L AF Gillman, E. S. Costello, D. Moreno, M. Raspopin, A. Kasica, R. Chen, L. TI Polymer-assisted conformal coating of TiO(2) thin films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Conformal coating of nanofabricated structures with a high-index dielectric material is a common problem for a diverse set of integrated photonic and plasmonic devices such as planar waveguides, on-chip spectrometers, gratings, flat panel displays, optical sensors, and integrated optical devices. In this paper we were recently able to demonstrate an alternate method for conformally coating photonic nanostructures using a low cost, polymer-assisted deposition (PAD) process for the metal-oxide TiO(2). In a PAD process a thermally curable, hybrid high refractive index polymer solution is spin-coated onto a substrate. The polymer controls the viscosity and binds the metal ions, resulting in a homogeneous distribution of the precursor in solution. When cured at elevated temperature, the hybrid polymer coating decomposes to form a metal oxide-rich film that has a high refractive index that conformally fills the voids in nanofabricated structures. The resulting films have refractive indices higher than 1.83 in the visible region and film thicknesses between 250-500 nm depending on the level of metal-oxide loading, cure temperature, and number of coatings. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3443574] C1 [Gillman, E. S.; Costello, D.; Moreno, M.; Raspopin, A.] Senspex, Albuquerque, NM 87114 USA. [Kasica, R.; Chen, L.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gillman, ES (reprint author), Senspex, Albuquerque, NM 87114 USA. EM egillman@senspex.com FU EPA [EPD09033] FX Research performed in part at the NIST Center for Nano-scale Science and Technology. EPA under Contract No. EPD09033. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2010 VL 108 IS 4 AR 044310 DI 10.1063/1.3443574 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 650NV UT WOS:000281857100114 ER PT J AU Pegion, PJ Kumar, A AF Pegion, Philip J. Kumar, Arun TI Multimodel Estimates of Atmospheric Response to Modes of SST Variability and Implications for Droughts SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; NORTH-AMERICAN; PART I; OCEAN; LAND; US; PRECIPITATION; SIMULATIONS AB A set of idealized global model experiments was performed by several modeling centers as part of the Drought Working Group of the U.S. Climate Variability and Predictability component of the World Climate Research Programme (CLIVAR). The purpose of the experiments was to assess the role of the leading modes of sea surface temperature (SST) variability on the climate over the continents, with particular emphasis on the influence of SSTs on surface climate variability and droughts over the United States. An analysis based on several models gives more creditability to the results since it relies on the assessment of impacts that are robust across different models. Coordinated atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) simulations forced with three modes of SST variability were analyzed. The results show that the SST-forced precipitation variability over the central United States is dominated by the SST mode with maximum loading in the central Pacific Ocean. The SST mode with loading in the Atlantic Ocean, and a mode that is dominated by trends in SSTs, lead to a smaller response. Based on the response to the idealized SSTs, the precipitation response for the twentieth century was also reconstructed. A comparison with the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) simulations forced with the observed SSTs illustrates that the reconstructed precipitation variability was similar to the one in the AMIP simulations, further supporting the conclusion that the SST modes identified in the present analysis play a dominant role in the precipitation variability over the United States. One notable exception is the Dust Bowl of the 1930s, and further analysis regarding this major climate extreme is discussed. C1 [Pegion, Philip J.; Kumar, Arun] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Pegion, PJ (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, PSD, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM philip.pegion@noaa.gov RI Pegion, Philip/E-5247-2012 FU NASA; NOAA; NSF FX This work was carried out as part of a U.S. CLIVAR drought working group activity supported by NASA, NOAA, and the NSF to coordinate and compare climate model simulations forced with a common set of idealized SST patterns. The authors thank NASA's Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) for making the NSIPP1 runs available, the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University for making their CCM3 runs available, NOAA's Climate Prediction Center/Climate Test Bed (CPC/CTB) for making the GFS runs available, NOAA's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) for making the AM2.1 runs available, the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) for making the CAM3.5 runs available, and the Center for Ocean Land Atmosphere (COLA), and the University of Miami's Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science for making the CCSM3.0 coupled model runs available. NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG 15 PY 2010 VL 23 IS 16 BP 4327 EP 4341 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3295.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 646CG UT WOS:000281512600003 ER PT J AU Zhang, XB McPhaden, MJ AF Zhang, Xuebin McPhaden, Michael J. TI Surface Layer Heat Balance in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific Ocean on Interannual Time Scales: Influence of Local versus Remote Wind Forcing SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID 1997-98 EL-NINO; TROPICAL INSTABILITY WAVES; ZONAL ADVECTIVE FEEDBACKS; SEASONAL CYCLE; TEMPERATURE CLIMATOLOGY; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; WARMING EVENT; PART II; MODEL; VARIABILITY AB The authors use a new and novel heat balance formalism for the upper 50 m of the Nino-3 region (5 degrees N-5 degrees S, 90 degrees-150 degrees W) to investigate the oceanographic processes underlying interannual sea surface temperature (SST) variations in the eastern equatorial Pacific. The focus is on a better understanding of the relationship between local and remote atmospheric forcing in generating SST anomalies associated with El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. The heat balance analysis indicates that heat advection across 50-m depth and across 150 degrees W are the important oceanic mechanisms responsible for temperature variations with the former being dominant. On the other hand, net surface heat flux adjusted for penetrative radiation damps SST. Jointly. these processes can explain most of interannual variations in temperature tendency averaged over the Nino-3 region. Decomposition of vertical advection across the bottom indicates that the mean seasonal advection of anomalous temperature (the so-called thermocline feedback) dominates and is highly correlated with 20 degrees C isotherm depth variations, which are mainly forced by remote winds in the western and central equatorial Pacific. Temperature advection by anomalous vertical velocity (the "Ekman feedback"), which is highly correlated with local zonal wind stress variations, is smaller with an amplitude of about 40% on average of remotely forced vertical heat advection. These results support those of recent empirical and modeling studies in which local atmospheric forcing, while not dominant, significantly affects ENSO SST variations in the eastern equatorial Pacific. C1 [Zhang, Xuebin] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Zhang, XB (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr,0230, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM xbzhang@ucsd.edu RI Zhang, Xuebin/A-3405-2012; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 OI Zhang, Xuebin/0000-0003-1731-3524; FU NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) FX We thank Billy Kessler of NOAA/PMEL, LuAnne Thompson, Charles Eriksen, Paul Quay, and Mike Wallace of the University of Washington for their suggestions and comments. Three anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. This research was supported by NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research and its Climate Program Office and partially by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO). NR 68 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG 15 PY 2010 VL 23 IS 16 BP 4375 EP 4394 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3469.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 646CG UT WOS:000281512600006 ER PT J AU Silber, GK Slutsky, J Bettridge, S AF Silber, Gregory K. Slutsky, Jonathan Bettridge, Shannon TI Hydrodynamics of a ship/whale collision SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hydrodynamics; Ship strike; Whale/vessel collisions ID ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALES; VESSEL SPEED; MORTALITY; SHIPS; RISK AB All endangered large whale species are vulnerable to collisions with large ships: and "ship strikes" are the greatest known threat to one of the world's rarest whales, the North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis). The magnitude of this threat is likely to increase as maritime commerce expands. Factors influencing the incidence and severity of ship strikes are not well understood, although vessel speed appears to be a strong contributor. The purpose of this study was to characterize the hydrodynamic effects near a moving hull that may cause a whale to be drawn to or repelled from the hull, and to assess the accelerations exerted on a whale at the time of impact. Using scale models of a container ship and a right whale in experimental flow tanks, we assessed hydrodynamic effects and measured accelerations experienced by the whale model in the presence of a moving vessel. Accelerations at impact were measured while the whale was at the surface, for various vessel speeds, orientations of the whale relative to the vessel path, and distances off the direct path of the vessel. Accelerations experienced by the whale model in a collision: increased in magnitude with increasing ship speed: were not dependent on whale orientation to the vessel path: and decreased exponentially with increasing separation distances from the ship track. Subsequent experiments with the whale model submerged at one to two times the ship's draft indicated a pronounced propeller suction effect, a drawing of the whale toward the hull, and increased probability of propeller strikes resulting from this class of encounter. Measured accelerations are a proxy for impact severity, but do not constitute a detailed study of injury mechanism in a living animal, though they may help inform future work. We present a heuristic map of the hydrodynamic field around a transiting hull likely involved in close whale/vessel encounters. These results may have bearing on policy decisions, particularly those involving vessel speed, aimed at protecting large whales from ship strikes worldwide. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Silber, Gregory K.; Bettridge, Shannon] NOAA, Off Protected Resources, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Slutsky, Jonathan] USN, Dept Hydrodynam, Carderock Div, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Silber, GK (reprint author), NOAA, Off Protected Resources, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1315 EW Highway,F PR2,SSMC 3, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM greg.silber@noaa.gov; jonathan.slutsky@navy.mil; shannon.bettridge@noaa.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service's Office of Protected Resources FX We are grateful for the encouragement and expertise provided by Cybelline Aclan, Michael Benulis, David Cottingham, Tom Fetherston, Gabor Karafaith, Daniel Lyons, Dennis Mullinix, and Hung Vo. Igor Tsukrov and Regina Campbell-Malone contributed much to our thinking on this problem during various discussions. Regina Campbell-Malone, David Rothstein, Amy Scholik-Schlomer, Igor Tsukrov, Chris Uyeda, and several anonymous reviewers improved the paper by providing constructive comments on various versions. Support of the study was provided by, the National Marine Fisheries Service's Office of Protected Resources through a contract to the Naval Surface Warfare Center. [SS] NR 37 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD AUG 15 PY 2010 VL 391 IS 1-2 BP 10 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2010.05.013 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 641ZT UT WOS:000281173000002 ER PT J AU Lefebvre, KA Robertson, A AF Lefebvre, Kathi A. Robertson, Alison TI Domoic acid and human exposure risks: A review SO TOXICON LA English DT Review DE Harmful algal blooms; Amnesic shellfish poisoning; Domoic acid; Seafood safety; Chronic exposure; Excitotoxicity; Review ID LIONS ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; MONKEYS MACACA-FASCICULARIS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; CEREBELLAR GRANULE NEURONS; SHELLFISH POISONING TOXIN; DIATOM PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PRINCE-EDWARD-ISLAND; HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; AMINO-ACID AB Domoic acid is a potent neurotoxin that is naturally produced by several diatom species of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia. The toxin acts as a glutamate agonist and is excitotoxic in the vertebrate central nervous system and other glutamate receptor-rich organs. Human exposure to domoic acid occurs via the consumption of contaminated shellfish that have accumulated the toxin while filter feeding on toxigenic phytoplankton during blooms. The first reported human domoic acid poisoning event occurred in Canada in 1987 during which clinical signs of acute toxicity such as gastrointestinal distress, confusion, disorientation, memory loss, coma and death were observed. The illness was named amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) and due to effective seafood monitoring programs there have been no documented ASP cases since 1987. However, domoic acid poisoning has a significant effect on marine wildlife and multiple poisoning events have occurred in marine birds and mammals over the last few decades. Currently, domoic acid producing diatom blooms are thought to be increasing in frequency world wide, posing an increasing threat to wildlife and human health. Of particular concern are the potential impacts of long-term low-level exposure in "at risk" human populations. The impacts of repetitive low-level domoic acid exposure are currently unknown. This review provides a basic description of the mechanism of action of domoic acid as well as a synthesis of information pertaining to domoic acid exposure routes, toxin susceptibility, and the importance of effective monitoring programs. The importance of investigating the potential human health impacts of long-term low-level domoic acid exposure in "at risk" human populations is also discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lefebvre, Kathi A.; Robertson, Alison] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Biotoxins Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Lefebvre, KA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Biotoxins Program, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM kathi.lefebvre@noaa.gov FU West Coast Center for Oceans and Human Health (WCCOHH) as part of the NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative; Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Vera Trainer, Dr. Tracy Collier, Dr. John Stein and Shelly Nance (Northwest Fisheries Science Center), Dr. Pedro Costa (IPIMAR, Portugal), and Dr. Elaine Faustman (PNWH2O-UW) for their contributions and careful reviews of this manuscript. We also greatly appreciate the very valuable reviews and guidance given by the anonymous reviewers. AR holds a National Research Council Research. This work was supported by the West Coast Center for Oceans and Human Health (WCCOHH) as part of the NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative. This manuscript is WCCOHH publication number 38. The WCCOHH is part of the National Marine Fisheries Service's Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA. Award at the Northwest Fisheries Science Center. NR 184 TC 67 Z9 72 U1 11 U2 64 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD AUG 15 PY 2010 VL 56 IS 2 SI SI BP 218 EP 230 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.05.034 PG 13 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 614NC UT WOS:000279065100009 PM 19505488 ER PT J AU Morgenstern, O Giorgetta, MA Shibata, K Eyring, V Waugh, DW Shepherd, TG Akiyoshi, H Austin, J Baumgaertner, AJG Bekki, S Braesicke, P Bruhl, C Chipperfield, MP Cugnet, D Dameris, M Dhomse, S Frith, SM Garny, H Gettelman, A Hardiman, SC Hegglin, MI Jockel, P Kinnison, DE Lamarque, JF Mancini, E Manzini, E Marchand, M Michou, M Nakamura, T Nielsen, JE Olivie, D Pitari, G Plummer, DA Rozanov, E Scinocca, JF Smale, D Teyssedre, H Toohey, M Tian, W Yamashita, Y AF Morgenstern, O. Giorgetta, M. A. Shibata, K. Eyring, V. Waugh, D. W. Shepherd, T. G. Akiyoshi, H. Austin, J. Baumgaertner, A. J. G. Bekki, S. Braesicke, P. Bruehl, C. Chipperfield, M. P. Cugnet, D. Dameris, M. Dhomse, S. Frith, S. M. Garny, H. Gettelman, A. Hardiman, S. C. Hegglin, M. I. Joeckel, P. Kinnison, D. E. Lamarque, J. -F. Mancini, E. Manzini, E. Marchand, M. Michou, M. Nakamura, T. Nielsen, J. E. Olivie, D. Pitari, G. Plummer, D. A. Rozanov, E. Scinocca, J. F. Smale, D. Teyssedre, H. Toohey, M. Tian, W. Yamashita, Y. TI Review of the formulation of present-generation stratospheric chemistry-climate models and associated external forcings SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; GRAVITY-WAVE DRAG; CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE MODEL; METEOROLOGICAL-RESEARCH-INSTITUTE; DOPPLER-SPREAD PARAMETERIZATION; GLOBAL LIGHTNING DISTRIBUTIONS; SEMI-LAGRANGIAN ADVECTION; CIRCULATION MODEL; TRACER TRANSPORT AB The goal of the Chemistry-Climate Model Validation (CCMVal) activity is to improve understanding of chemistry-climate models (CCMs) through process-oriented evaluation and to provide reliable projections of stratospheric ozone and its impact on climate. An appreciation of the details of model formulations is essential for understanding how models respond to the changing external forcings of greenhouse gases and ozone-depleting substances, and hence for understanding the ozone and climate forecasts produced by the models participating in this activity. Here we introduce and review the models used for the second round (CCMVal-2) of this intercomparison, regarding the implementation of chemical, transport, radiative, and dynamical processes in these models. In particular, we review the advantages and problems associated with approaches used to model processes of relevance to stratospheric dynamics and chemistry. Furthermore, we state the definitions of the reference simulations performed, and describe the forcing data used in these simulations. We identify some developments in chemistry-climate modeling that make models more physically based or more comprehensive, including the introduction of an interactive ocean, online photolysis, troposphere-stratosphere chemistry, and non-orographic gravity-wave deposition as linked to tropospheric convection. The relatively new developments indicate that stratospheric CCM modeling is becoming more consistent with our physically based understanding of the atmosphere. C1 [Morgenstern, O.; Smale, D.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder 9352, Omakau, New Zealand. [Giorgetta, M. A.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Shibata, K.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. [Eyring, V.; Dameris, M.; Garny, H.; Joeckel, P.] Inst Atmospher Phys, Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, D-82234 Wessling, Germany. [Waugh, D. W.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Shepherd, T. G.; Hegglin, M. I.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Akiyoshi, H.; Nakamura, T.; Yamashita, Y.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Austin, J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Austin, J.; Gettelman, A.; Kinnison, D. E.; Lamarque, J. -F.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Baumgaertner, A. J. G.; Bruehl, C.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. [Bekki, S.; Cugnet, D.; Marchand, M.] UPMC, CNRS, INSU, UVSQ,IPSL,LATMOS, F-75231 Paris, France. [Braesicke, P.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Ctr Atmospher Sci, NCAS Climate Chem, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. [Chipperfield, M. P.; Dhomse, S.; Tian, W.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Frith, S. M.; Nielsen, J. E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hardiman, S. C.] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Mancini, E.; Pitari, G.] Univ Aquila, Dipartimento Fis, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. [Manzini, E.] Ctr Euro Mediterraneo Cambiamenti Climat, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Michou, M.; Olivie, D.; Teyssedre, H.] Meteo France, CNRS, CNRM, GAME, F-31057 Toulouse, France. [Plummer, D. A.; Scinocca, J. F.] Environm Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modeling & Anal, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada. [Rozanov, E.] World Radiat Ctr, Phys Meteorol Observ, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland. [Rozanov, E.] ETH, Inst Atmosphare & Klima, Zurich, Switzerland. [Toohey, M.] Univ Kiel, Leibniz Inst Meereswissensch, IFM, GEOMAR, D-24148 Kiel, Germany. RP Morgenstern, O (reprint author), Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Private Bag 50061, Lauder 9352, Omakau, New Zealand. EM o.morgenstern@niwa.co.nz RI Baumgaertner, Andreas/C-4830-2011; Chipperfield, Martyn/H-6359-2013; Jockel, Patrick/C-3687-2009; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; bekki, slimane/J-7221-2015; Nakamura, Tetsu/M-7914-2015; Braesicke, Peter/D-8330-2016; Waugh, Darryn/K-3688-2016; Pitari, Giovanni/O-7458-2016; Toohey, Matthew/G-3129-2010; Dhomse, Sandip/C-8198-2011; Manzini, Elisa/H-5760-2011; Rozanov, Eugene/A-9857-2012; Eyring, Veronika/O-9999-2016; Hegglin, Michaela/D-7528-2017; OI Baumgaertner, Andreas/0000-0002-4740-0701; Chipperfield, Martyn/0000-0002-6803-4149; Jockel, Patrick/0000-0002-8964-1394; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; bekki, slimane/0000-0002-5538-0800; Nakamura, Tetsu/0000-0002-2056-7392; Braesicke, Peter/0000-0003-1423-0619; Waugh, Darryn/0000-0001-7692-2798; Pitari, Giovanni/0000-0001-7051-9578; Toohey, Matthew/0000-0002-7070-405X; Dhomse, Sandip/0000-0003-3854-5383; Rozanov, Eugene/0000-0003-0479-4488; Eyring, Veronika/0000-0002-6887-4885; Hegglin, Michaela/0000-0003-2820-9044; Mancini, Eva/0000-0001-7071-0292; Morgenstern, Olaf/0000-0002-9967-9740 FU Global Environmental Research Found of the Ministry of the Environment of Japan [A-071]; DMGC [C01X0703]; UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) through the NCAS initiative; University of Edinburgh, Cray Inc.; NAG Ltd.; Office of Science and Technology through EPSRC; National Science Foundation FX We acknowledge the Chemistry-Climate Model Validation (CCMVal) Activity for WCRP's (World Climate Research Programme) SPARC (Stratospheric Processes and their Role in Climate) project for organizing and coordinating the model data analysis activity, and the British Atmospheric Data Centre (BADC) for collecting and archiving the CCMVal model output. CCSRNIES research was supported by the Global Environmental Research Found of the Ministry of the Environment of Japan (A-071) and the simulations were completed with the supercomputer at CGER, NIES. O.M. acknowledges funding under the DMGC program (contract C01X0703). P. B. has been supported by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) through the NCAS initiative. UMUKCA-UCAM and UMSLIMCAT simulations made use of the facilities of HECToR, the UK's national high-performance computing service, which is provided by UoE HPCx Ltd. at the University of Edinburgh, Cray Inc. and NAG Ltd., and funded by the Office of Science and Technology through EPSRC's High End Computing Programme. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in the publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. We acknowledge valuable comments by three anonymous reviewers. NR 144 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 14 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D00M02 DI 10.1029/2009JD013728 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 639FD UT WOS:000280956300008 ER PT J AU Yoo, SH Fasullo, J Yang, S Ho, CH AF Yoo, Soo-Hyun Fasullo, John Yang, Song Ho, Chang-Hoi TI On the relationship between Indian Ocean sea surface temperature and the transition from El Nino to La Nina SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON; TROPOSPHERIC BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; CLIMATE FORECAST SYSTEM; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; TROPICAL PACIFIC; ENSO VARIABILITY; WESTERN PACIFIC; NORTH PACIFIC; ZONAL MODE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY AB The relationship between Indian Ocean sea surface temperature and the transition of El Nino events into either La Nina or El Nino-Southern Oscillation neutral conditions is examined in both observations and the retrospective ensemble hindcasts of the National Center for Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System. The southern Indian Ocean is shown to demonstrate a particularly robust and consistent relationship with the evolution of these transitions. These associations are described, and a physical mechanism involving air-sea interaction in the Indian and western Pacific Oceans is proposed. Observations suggest that easterly surface wind anomalies in the western Pacific Ocean are associated with the emergence of La Nina during boreal summer and fall. Here it is shown that these winds are significantly correlated to southern Indian Ocean sea surface temperature in the preceding spring that is characterized by a large-scale zonal dipole of cool and warm anomalies in the southwestern and southeastern Indian Oceans, respectively. These associations are particularly pronounced for strong El Nino conditions, during the dissipation of which a pronounced wavetrain-like atmospheric pattern accompanies sea surface temperature anomalies in the southern Indian Ocean. Together, the circulation and sea surface temperature anomalies increase the meridional cross-equatorial temperature gradient in the western Indian Ocean and mute intraseasonal variability while strengthening surface equatorial easterly winds in the Indo-Pacific warm pool. Collectively, these anomalies favor subsequent La Nina development. On the basis of these observed associations, a predictive model that demonstrates skill in anticipating the nature of El Nino transitions, involving the southern Indian Ocean, Asian monsoon, and El Nino-Southern Oscillation, is proposed. In the National Center for Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System, the relationships described above are simulated both consistently and realistically, despite model weaknesses, further bolstering a key role of southern Indian Ocean and predictive relationship. Comparison of fully coupled and sea surface temperature-forced simulations suggests a key role for air-sea interaction in the observed associations. Moreover, it is demonstrated that coupled simulations of El Nino-Southern Oscillation may benefit substantially from improved representation of Indian Ocean variability and Indo-Pacific interaction. C1 [Yoo, Soo-Hyun] NOAA, Wyle Informat Syst Inc, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP,NWS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Fasullo, John] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Yoo, Soo-Hyun; Ho, Chang-Hoi] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea. RP Yoo, SH (reprint author), NOAA, Wyle Informat Syst Inc, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP,NWS, 5200 Auth Rd,Rm 806, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM fasullo@ucar.edu RI Yang, Song/B-4952-2009; Ho, Chang-Hoi/H-8354-2015; OI FASULLO, JOHN/0000-0003-1216-892X FU Korea Meteorological Administration [CATER 2006-4204]; NASA [NNX07AKG82G] FX The authors would like to thank editor Steve Ghan and three anonymous reviewers for many constructive comments. C.-H. Ho was supported by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under grant CATER 2006-4204. Dr. Fasullo's participation is sponsored by NASA Award NNX07AKG82G. NR 88 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 14 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D15114 DI 10.1029/2009JD012978 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 639FD UT WOS:000280956300003 ER PT J AU Cai, WJ Hu, XP Huang, WJ Jiang, LQ Wang, YC Peng, TH Zhang, X AF Cai, Wei-Jun Hu, Xinping Huang, Wei-Jen Jiang, Li-Qing Wang, Yongchen Peng, Tsung-Hung Zhang, Xin TI Alkalinity distribution in the western North Atlantic Ocean margins SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID INORGANIC CARBON-CHEMISTRY; EAST CHINA SEA; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SURFACE WATERS; ORGANIC-CARBON; CAPE-HATTERAS; CO2; RIVER; BIGHT; GULF AB Total alkalinity (TA) distribution and its relationship with salinity (S) along the western North Atlantic Ocean (wNAO) margins from the Labrador Sea to tropical areas are examined in this study. Based on the observed TA-S patterns, the mixing processes that control alkalinity distribution in these areas can be categorized into a spectrum of patterns that are bracketed by two extreme mixing types, i.e., alongshore current-dominated and river-dominated. Alongshore current-dominated mixing processes exhibit a segmented mixing line with a shared mid-salinity end-member. In such cases (i.e., Labrador Sea, Gulf of Maine, etc.), the y-intercept of the high salinity segment of the mixing line is generally higher than the local river alkalinity values, and it reflects the mixing history of the alongshore current. In contrast, in river-dominated mixing (Amazon River, Caribbean Sea, etc.), good linear relationships between alkalinity and salinity are generally observed, and the zero salinity intercepts of the TA-S regressions roughly match those of the regional river alkalinity values. TA-S mixing lines can be complicated by rapid changes in the river end-member value and by another river nearby with a different TA value (e. g., Mississippi-Atchafalaya/Gulf of Mexico). In the wNAO margins, regression intercepts and river end-members have a clear latitudinal distribution pattern, increasing from a low of similar to 300 mu mol kg(-1) in the Amazon River plume to a high value between similar to 500-1100 mu mol kg(-1) in the middle and high latitude margins. The highest value of similar to 2400 mu mol kg(-1) is observed in the Mississippi River influenced areas. In addition to mixing control, biological processes such as calcification and benthic alkalinity production may also affect ocean margin alkalinity distribution. Therefore, deriving inorganic carbon system information in coastal oceans using alkalinity-salinity relationships, in particular, those of generic nature, may lead to significant errors. C1 [Cai, Wei-Jun; Hu, Xinping; Huang, Wei-Jen; Jiang, Li-Qing; Wang, Yongchen] Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Peng, Tsung-Hung] NOAA, Ocean Chem Div, AOML, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Zhang, Xin] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92122 USA. RP Cai, WJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM wcai@uga.edu RI Jiang, Li-Qing/G-5228-2014; Hu, Xinping/F-6282-2011; Cai, Wei-Jun/C-1361-2013 OI Jiang, Li-Qing/0000-0003-3311-1658; Hu, Xinping/0000-0002-0613-6545; Cai, Wei-Jun/0000-0003-3606-8325 FU NOAA [NA05OAR4311160, GC05-288]; NSF [OCE-0425153, OCE-0752110] FX Our participation in the GOMECC cruise was supported by NOAA through grants NA05OAR4311160 and GC05-288. WJC also acknowledges NSF support through grants OCE-0425153 and OCE-0752110. We would like to thank Rik Wanninkhof for his leadership in the GOMECC study and for his critical comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. We also want to thank many colleagues for collecting the original data and making them available to the community. The authors greatly appreciate English editing by Gail Derr and George Davidson. Finally, the Associate Editor and two anonymous reviewers all provided critical comments that have improved the quality of this work. NR 67 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG 13 PY 2010 VL 115 AR C08014 DI 10.1029/2009JC005482 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 639FK UT WOS:000280957300001 ER PT J AU Chung, S Lee, S Chung, JH Yoo, T Lee, H Kirby, B Liu, X Furdyna, JK AF Chung, Sunjae Lee, Sanghoon Chung, J. -H. Yoo, Taehee Lee, Hakjoon Kirby, B. Liu, X. Furdyna, J. K. TI Giant magnetoresistance and long-range antiferromagnetic interlayer exchange coupling in (Ga,Mn)As/GaAs:Be multilayers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTOR SUPERLATTICES; LAYERED MAGNETIC-STRUCTURES; TRILAYER STRUCTURES; OSCILLATIONS; CO/RU; MN)AS; (GA AB We report the observation of the giant magnetoresistance effect in semiconductor-based GaMnAs/GaAs:Be multilayers. Clear transitions between low-field-high-resistance and high-field-low-resistance states are observed in selected samples with Be-doped nonmagnetic spacers. These samples also show negative coercive fields in their magnetic hysteresis and antiferromagnetic (AFM) splittings in polarized neutron reflectivity. Our data indicate that the AFM interlayer exchange couplings in this system occur over much longer periods than predicted by current theories, strongly suggesting that the coupling in III-V semiconductor-based magnetic multilayers is significantly longer ranged than in metallic systems. C1 [Chung, Sunjae; Lee, Sanghoon; Chung, J. -H.; Yoo, Taehee; Lee, Hakjoon] Korea Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 136701, South Korea. [Kirby, B.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, X.; Furdyna, J. K.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Chung, S (reprint author), Korea Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 136701, South Korea. EM slee3@korea.ac.kr FU Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [2010-0000123]; Seoul RBD Program [ST090777]; National Science Foundation [DMR06-03762]; National Research Foundation of Korea [2010-0017423]; Basic Research Program [2010-0000594] FX This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology under Grant No. 2010-0000123; by the Seoul R&BD Program under Grant No. ST090777; and by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR06-03762. J.H.C. was independently supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea through the BAERI program (Grant No. 2010-0017423) and the Basic Research Program (Grant No. 2010-0000594). NR 37 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 13 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 5 AR 054420 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.054420 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 638AS UT WOS:000280862500005 ER PT J AU Zapf, VS Kenzelmann, M Wolff-Fabris, F Balakirev, F Chen, Y AF Zapf, V. S. Kenzelmann, M. Wolff-Fabris, F. Balakirev, F. Chen, Y. TI Magnetically induced electric polarization in an organometallic magnet SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FERROELECTRICITY; MULTIFERROICS AB The coupling between magnetic order and ferroelectricity has been under intense investigation in a wide range of transition-metal oxides. The most direct coupling is obtained in so-called magnetically induced multiferroics where ferroelectricity arises directly from magnetic order that breaks spatial inversion symmetry. However, it has been difficult to find nonoxide-based materials in which these effects occur. Here we present a study of copper dimethyl sulfoxide dichloride (CDC), an organometallic quantum magnet containing S = 1/2 Cu spins, in which electric polarization arises from noncollinear magnetic order. We show that the electric polarization can be switched in a stunning hysteretic fashion. Because the magnetic order in CDC is mediated by large organic molecules, our study shows that magnetoelectric interactions can exist in this important class of materials, opening the road to designing magnetoelectrics and multiferroics using large molecules as building blocks. Further, we demonstrate that CDC undergoes a magnetoelectric quantum phase transition where both ferroelectric and magnetic order emerge simultaneously as a function of magnetic field at very low temperatures. C1 [Zapf, V. S.; Wolff-Fabris, F.; Balakirev, F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab NHMFL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Kenzelmann, M.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Dev & Methods, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Chen, Y.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Chen, Y.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chen, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Zapf, VS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab NHMFL, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Zapf, Vivien/K-5645-2013; Kenzelmann, Michel/A-8438-2008 OI Zapf, Vivien/0000-0002-8375-4515; Kenzelmann, Michel/0000-0001-7913-4826 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [DMR901624]; State of Florida; U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation [DMR-0306940] FX Work at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation through Cooperative Grant No. DMR901624, the State of Florida, and the U.S. Department of Energy. Work at Johns Hopkins University was supported by the National Science Foundation through Grant No. DMR-0306940. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 13 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 6 AR 060402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.060402 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 638BH UT WOS:000280864200001 ER PT J AU Micheli, A Idziaszek, Z Pupillo, G Baranov, MA Zoller, P Julienne, PS AF Micheli, Andrea Idziaszek, Zbigniew Pupillo, Guido Baranov, Mikhail A. Zoller, Peter Julienne, Paul S. TI Universal Rates for Reactive Ultracold Polar Molecules in Reduced Dimensions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COLLISIONS; SCATTERING; PHYSICS; LATTICE; GAS AB Analytic expressions describe universal elastic and reactive rates of quasi-two-dimensional and quasione-dimensional collisions of highly reactive ultracold molecules interacting by a van der Waals potential. Exact and approximate calculations for the example species KRb show that stability and evaporative cooling can be realized for spin-polarized fermions at moderate dipole and trapping strength, whereas bosons or unlike fermions require significantly higher dipole or trapping strengths. C1 [Micheli, Andrea; Pupillo, Guido; Baranov, Mikhail A.; Zoller, Peter] Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Quantum Opt & Quantum Informat, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. [Micheli, Andrea; Pupillo, Guido; Baranov, Mikhail A.; Zoller, Peter] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Idziaszek, Zbigniew] Univ Warsaw, Inst Theoret Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. [Julienne, Paul S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Julienne, Paul S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Micheli, A (reprint author), Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Quantum Opt & Quantum Informat, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. RI Zoller, Peter/O-1639-2014; Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Zoller, Peter/0000-0003-4014-1505; Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 FU AFOSR MURI; EOARD [FA8655-10-1-3081]; Polish Government [2007-2010]; University of Maryland NSF-PFC; Austrian FWF; EU FX We acknowledge support from an AFOSR MURI, the EOARD Grant No. FA8655-10-1-3081, a Polish Government Grant for 2007-2010, the University of Maryland NSF-PFC, the Austrian FWF, and the EU NAME-QUAM. We thank G. Quemener, J.L. Bohn, and Jun Ye for discussions. NR 28 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 13 PY 2010 VL 105 IS 7 AR 073202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.073202 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 638BP UT WOS:000280865100004 PM 20868041 ER PT J AU Feingold, G Koren, I Wang, HL Xue, HW Brewer, WA AF Feingold, Graham Koren, Ilan Wang, Hailong Xue, Huiwen Brewer, Wm. Alan TI Precipitation-generated oscillations in open cellular cloud fields SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID COMPLEX NETWORKS; OPEN CELLS; CONVECTION; MESOSCALE; STRATOCUMULUS; ORGANIZATION; DRIZZLE; MODEL; MICROPHYSICS; PATTERNS AB Cloud fields adopt many different patterns that can have a profound effect on the amount of sunlight reflected back to space, with important implications for the Earth's climate. These cloud patterns can be observed in satellite images of the Earth and often exhibit distinct cell-like structures associated with organized convection at scales of tens of kilometres(1-3). Recent evidence has shown that atmospheric aerosol particles-through their influence on precipitation formation-help to determine whether cloud fields take on closed (more reflective) or open (less reflective) cellular patterns(4,5). The physical mechanisms controlling the formation and evolution of these cells, however, are still poorly understood(6), limiting our ability to simulate realistically the effects of clouds on global reflectance. Here we use satellite imagery and numerical models to show how precipitating clouds produce an open cellular cloud pattern that oscillates between different, weakly stable states. The oscillations are a result of precipitation causing downward motion and outflow from clouds that were previously positively buoyant. The evaporating precipitation drives air down to the Earth's surface, where it diverges and collides with the outflows of neighbouring precipitating cells. These colliding outflows form surface convergence zones and new cloud formation. In turn, the newly formed clouds produce precipitation and new colliding outflow patterns that are displaced from the previous ones. As successive cycles of this kind unfold, convergence zones alternate with divergence zones and new cloud patterns emerge to replace old ones. The result is an oscillating, self-organized system with a characteristic cell size and precipitation frequency. C1 [Feingold, Graham; Brewer, Wm. Alan] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Koren, Ilan] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Environm Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Wang, Hailong] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Xue, Huiwen] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Dept Atmospher Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Feingold, G (reprint author), NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM graham.feingold@noaa.gov RI Wang, Hailong/B-8061-2010; Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Brewer, Wm Alan/I-3920-2013; Koren, Ilan/K-1417-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Wang, Hailong/0000-0002-1994-4402; Koren, Ilan/0000-0001-6759-6265; FU NOAA; CIRES; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory FX We thank NOAA's Climate Goal Program, a CIRES Visiting Fellowship (I. K.) and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (H. W.) for supporting this work. We acknowledge the www.LBMethod.org project for sharing the Lattice Boltzmann Method theory and code, and S. C. Tucker and S. E. Yuter for their support in acquiring the lidar and radar data during the VOCALS-REx field experiment. C. A. Ennis provided editorial assistance and D. Fisher helped with the figures. NR 30 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 36 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 12 PY 2010 VL 466 IS 7308 BP 849 EP 852 DI 10.1038/nature09314 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 636TT UT WOS:000280766100032 PM 20703303 ER PT J AU Hanna, TM Tiesinga, E Julienne, PS AF Hanna, Thomas M. Tiesinga, Eite Julienne, Paul S. TI Creation and manipulation of Feshbach resonances with radiofrequency radiation SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-DEFECT THEORY; RELAXATION RATES; FERMI GAS; COLLISIONS; ATOMS; SCATTERING; LIGHT AB We present a simple technique for studying the collisions of ultracold atoms in the presence of a magnetic field and radiofrequency (rf) radiation. Resonant control of scattering properties can be achieved by using rf to couple a colliding pair of atoms to a bound state. We show, using the example of Li-6, that in some ranges of rf frequency and magnetic field this can be done without giving rise to losses. We also show that halo molecules of large spatial extent allow resonant control with much less rf power than deeply bound states. Another way to exert resonant control is with a set of rf-coupled bound states, linked to the colliding pair through the molecular interactions that give rise to magnetically tunable Feshbach resonances. This was recently demonstrated for Rb-87 (Kaufman et al 2009 Phys. Rev. A 80 050701) [1]. We examine the underlying atomic and molecular physics that made this possible. Lastly, we consider the control that may be exerted over atomic collisions by placing atoms in superpositions of Zeeman states, and suggest that it could be useful where small changes in scattering length are required. We suggest other species for which rf and magnetic field control could together provide a useful tuning mechanism. C1 [Hanna, Thomas M.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hanna, TM (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8423, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM tom.hanna@merton.oxon.org RI Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 FU AFOSR MURI; US Office of Naval Research FX We acknowledge support from an AFOSR MURI (TMH and PSJ) and partial support from the US Office of Naval Research (PSJ). We are grateful to Adam M Kaufman, Russell P Anderson and David S Hall for allowing us to reproduce the experimental data from our previously published collaboration [1], and thank them as well as Timur Tscherbul for many fruitful and stimulating discussions. NR 57 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD AUG 12 PY 2010 VL 12 AR 083031 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/12/8/083031 PG 21 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 643EX UT WOS:000281279500002 ER PT J AU Keller, MW Pufall, MR Rippard, WH Silva, TJ AF Keller, Mark W. Pufall, M. R. Rippard, W. H. Silva, T. J. TI Nonwhite frequency noise in spin torque oscillators and its effect on spectral linewidth SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB We measure the power spectral density of frequency fluctuations in nanocontact spin torque oscillators over time scales up to 50 ms. We use a mixer to convert oscillator signals ranging from 10 GHz to 40 GHz into a band near 70 MHz before digitizing the time-domain waveform. We analyze the waveform using both zero crossing time stamps and a sliding Fourier transform, discuss the different limitations and advantages of these two methods, and combine them to obtain a frequency noise spectrum spanning more than five decades of Fourier frequency f. For devices having a free layer consisting of either a single Ni(80)Fe(20) layer or a Co/Ni multilayer we find a frequency noise spectrum that is white at large f and varies as 1/f at small f. The crossover frequency ranges from approximate to 10(4) Hz to approximate to 10(6) Hz and the 1/f component is stronger in the multilayer devices. Through actual and simulated spectrum analyzer measurements, we show that 1/f frequency noise causes both broadening and a change in shape of the oscillator's spectral line as measurement time increases. Our results indicate that the long term stability of spin torque oscillators cannot be accurately predicted from models based on thermal (white) noise sources. C1 [Keller, Mark W.; Pufall, M. R.; Rippard, W. H.; Silva, T. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Keller, MW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mark.keller@boulder.nist.gov RI Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013 OI Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642 NR 27 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 12 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 5 AR 054416 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.054416 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 637WM UT WOS:000280849400003 ER PT J AU Fieberg, JR Shertzer, KW Conn, PB Noyce, KV Garshelis, DL AF Fieberg, John R. Shertzer, Kyle W. Conn, Paul B. Noyce, Karen V. Garshelis, David L. TI Integrated Population Modeling of Black Bears in Minnesota: Implications for Monitoring and Management SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID AT-HARVEST DATA; RECONSTRUCTION; DYNAMICS; ABUNDANCE; ACCURACY; ERROR AB Background: Wildlife populations are difficult to monitor directly because of costs and logistical challenges associated with collecting informative abundance data from live animals. By contrast, data on harvested individuals (e. g., age and sex) are often readily available. Increasingly, integrated population models are used for natural resource management because they synthesize various relevant data into a single analysis. Methodology/Principal Findings: We investigated the performance of integrated population models applied to black bears (Ursus americanus) in Minnesota, USA. Models were constructed using sex-specific age-at-harvest matrices (1980-2008), data on hunting effort and natural food supplies (which affects hunting success), and statewide mark-recapture estimates of abundance (1991, 1997, 2002). We compared this approach to Downing reconstruction, a commonly used population monitoring method that utilizes only age-at-harvest data. We first conducted a large-scale simulation study, in which our integrated models provided more accurate estimates of population trends than did Downing reconstruction. Estimates of trends were robust to various forms of model misspecification, including incorrectly specified cub and yearling survival parameters, age-related reporting biases in harvest data, and unmodeled temporal variability in survival and harvest rates. When applied to actual data on Minnesota black bears, the model predicted that harvest rates were negatively correlated with food availability and positively correlated with hunting effort, consistent with independent telemetry data. With no direct data on fertility, the model also correctly predicted 2-point cycles in cub production. Model-derived estimates of abundance for the most recent years provided a reasonable match to an empirical population estimate obtained after modeling efforts were completed. Conclusions/Significance: Integrated population modeling provided a reasonable framework for synthesizing age-at-harvest data, periodic large-scale abundance estimates, and measured covariates thought to affect harvest rates of black bears in Minnesota. Collection and analysis of these data appear to form the basis of a robust and viable population monitoring program. C1 [Fieberg, John R.; Garshelis, David L.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Fieberg, John R.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Biometr Unit, Forest Lake, MN USA. [Shertzer, Kyle W.; Conn, Paul B.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC USA. [Noyce, Karen V.; Garshelis, David L.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Forest Wildlife Populat & Res Grp, Grand Rapids, MI USA. RP Fieberg, JR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM john.fieberg@state.mn.us NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 35 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 12 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 8 AR e12114 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0012114 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 637ZU UT WOS:000280859700009 PM 20711344 ER PT J AU Gilmore, K Shirley, EL AF Gilmore, Keith Shirley, Eric L. TI Numerical quantification of the vibronic broadening of the SrTiO3 Ti L-edge spectrum SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID 1ST-PRINCIPLES; BATIO3 AB The 2p(5)3d(1) excited state of the Ti4+ ion in SrTiO3 couples to e(g) distortions of the local oxygen cage, leading to a Jahn-Teller vibronic broadening of the excited states. We quantify this contribution to the broadening of the spectral features of the Ti L edge of SrTiO3 by solving a model Hamiltonian, taking parameters for the Hamiltonian from previous first-principles calculations. Evaluation of the model Hamiltonian indicates that vibronic coupling accounts for the majority of the broadening observed for the L-3 edge, but only a minority of the L-2-edge spectral width. The calculations reveal that, with increasing temperature, the spectral features become increasingly asymmetric and the amount of vibronic broadening grows approximately linearly. C1 [Gilmore, Keith; Shirley, Eric L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gilmore, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Gilmore, Keith/D-5426-2013 NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD AUG 11 PY 2010 VL 22 IS 31 AR 315901 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/22/31/315901 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 626VV UT WOS:000279996400014 PM 21399369 ER PT J AU Seely, JF Pereira, NR Weber, BV Schumer, JW Apruzese, JP Hudson, LT Szabo, CI Boyer, CN Skirlo, S AF Seely, John F. Pereira, Nino R. Weber, Bruce V. Schumer, Joseph W. Apruzese, John P. Hudson, Lawrence T. Szabo, Csilla I. Boyer, Craig N. Skirlo, Scott TI Spatial resolution of a hard x-ray CCD detector SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID POWER AB The spatial resolution of an x-ray CCD detector was determined from the widths of the tungsten x-ray lines in the spectrum formed by a crystal spectrometer in the 58 to 70 keV energy range. The detector had 20 mu m pixel, 1700 by 1200 pixel format, and a CsI x-ray conversion scintillator. The spectral lines from a megavolt x-ray generator were focused on the spectrometer's Rowland circle by a curved transmission crystal. The line shapes were Lorentzian with an average width after removal of the natural and instrumental line widths of 95 mu m (4.75 pixels). A high spatial frequency background, primarily resulting from scattered gamma rays, was removed from the spectral image by Fourier analysis. The spectral lines, having low spatial frequency in the direction perpendicular to the dispersion, were enhanced by partially removing the Lorentzian line shape and by fitting Lorentzian curves to broad unresolved spectral features. This demonstrates the ability to improve the spectral resolution of hard x-ray spectra that are recorded by a CCD detector with well-characterized intrinsic spatial resolution. C1 [Seely, John F.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Pereira, Nino R.] Ecopulse Inc, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. [Weber, Bruce V.; Schumer, Joseph W.; Apruzese, John P.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hudson, Lawrence T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Szabo, Csilla I.] Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. [Boyer, Craig N.] L3 Commun, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Skirlo, Scott] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Seely, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.seely@nrl.navy.mil RI Schumer, Joseph/D-7591-2013 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency; Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX The mention of commercial products does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government or that the mentioned commercial products are the best for the application. This work was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (C-WMD Basic Research Program) and by the Office of Naval Research (ONR). NR 11 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 10 PY 2010 VL 49 IS 23 BP 4372 EP 4378 DI 10.1364/AO.49.004372 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 636OP UT WOS:000280747700007 PM 20697439 ER PT J AU Bradley, PB Sanderson, MP Frischer, ME Brofft, J Booth, MG Kerkhof, LJ Bronk, DA AF Bradley, Paul B. Sanderson, Marta P. Frischer, Marc E. Brofft, Jennifer Booth, Melissa G. Kerkhof, Lee J. Bronk, Deborah A. TI Inorganic and organic nitrogen uptake by phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria in the stratified Mid-Atlantic Bight SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE phytoplankton; bacteria; flow cytometry; nitrogen uptake; dissolved organic nitrogen; urea ID FLOW CYTOMETRIC ANALYSIS; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; DISSOLVED NITROGEN; AUREOCOCCUS-ANOPHAGEFFERENS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; UREA UPTAKE; BALTIC SEA; AMMONIUM; CARBON AB Little is known about the relative importance of inorganic and organic nitrogen (N) sources in fueling production of phytoplankton versus heterotrophic bacteria on the continental shelf. This issue was addressed during two diel experiments conducted in the Mid-Atlantic Bight at the Long-term Ecosystem Observatory, LEO-15, off southern New Jersey. Uptake of (15)N-labeled ammonium (NH(4)(+)), nitrate (NO(3)(-)), and nitrite (NO(2)(-)), and dual-labeled ((15)N and (13)C) urea and dissolved free amino acids was measured in water taken from the surface and bottom mixed layers approximately every 4 h over two 24 h periods in July 2002. Two methods were used to quantify (15)N uptake rates: (1) traditional filtration into various phytoplankton and bacterial size classes, and (2) flow cytometric (FCM) sorting of autotrophic cells based on the presence of chlorophyll autofluorescence. Due to a strong pycnocline, the nutrient composition was quite distinct between the surface and bottom mixed layers. Dissolved organic N (DON) comprised >99% of the total dissolved N (TDN) pool in surface waters, whereas the bottom-water TDN pool was roughly divided between NH(4)(+), NO(3)(-), and DON. Urea was the dominant N form used by all fractions at the surface, and although phytoplankton >3 mu m was responsible for most of the urea uptake, bacterial use was detected using stable isotopes and also suggested by ureC sequence analysis. The majority of ureC sequences recovered from the 0.2-0.8 mu m fraction belonged to members of the Alphaproteobacteria (46%), whereas those of the 0.8-3.0 mu m size class consisted primarily of Cyanobacteria (70%). In contrast to the surface, N uptake in the bottom layer was dominated by NH(4)(+). The bacterial fraction was responsible for 20-49% of the size-fractionated and NO(4)(+) and NO(3)(-) uptake in surface samples and 36-93% at the bottom. These results suggest that organic N, such as urea, is a viable source of N nutrition to phytoplankton forced to compete with heterotrophic bacteria for limited inorganic N. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bradley, Paul B.; Sanderson, Marta P.; Bronk, Deborah A.] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Frischer, Marc E.; Brofft, Jennifer; Booth, Melissa G.] Skidaway Inst Oceanog, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. [Kerkhof, Lee J.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Bradley, PB (reprint author), NOAA, 1305 EW Highway,N-MB5 Rm 13401, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM paul.bradley@noaa.gov RI Frischer, Marc/L-5207-2014 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-98ER62531]; National Science Foundation [0752490]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [FP916328] FX We are grateful to K.C. Filippino, P.W. Bernhardt, M.R. Mulholland, and J.H. Braxton for assistance with laboratory analyses, all the GRIST crew and RUMFS staff for their help in the field, L.A. Waidner and D.L. Kirchman for bacterial abundance data, and A. Buchan for providing the isolate Silicibacter pomeroyi DSS-3. We also thank D.K. Steinberg, I.C. Anderson, and L. Campbell for their comments on the manuscript. The GRIST study was conducted as a supplement to the U.S. Department of Energy BI-OMP program, under grant No. DE-FG02-98ER62531 to M.E.F. and D.A.B. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation (0752490 to D.A.B.), and additional support was provided to P.B.B. by a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Science to Achieve Results (STAR) graduate fellowship (FP916328). This publication is not officially endorsed by the U.S. EPA and may not reflect the views of the agency. This paper is Contribution No. 3013 of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, The College of William and Mary. NR 72 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 7 U2 58 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD AUG 10 PY 2010 VL 88 IS 4 BP 429 EP 441 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2010.02.001 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 624ZL UT WOS:000279860800001 ER PT J AU Feely, RA Alin, SR Newton, J Sabine, CL Warner, M Devol, A Krembs, C Maloy, C AF Feely, Richard A. Alin, Simone R. Newton, Jan Sabine, Christopher L. Warner, Mark Devol, Allan Krembs, Christopher Maloy, Carol TI The combined effects of ocean acidification, mixing, and respiration on pH and carbonate saturation in an urbanized estuary SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE acidification; pH; estuary; saturation; carbonate minerals; respiration ID SOUND OCEANOGRAPHIC PROPERTIES; DEEP-WATER RENEWAL; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; PUGET-SOUND; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; MARINE; SEAWATER; ECOSYSTEM; PACIFIC; GEORGIA AB Puget Sound is a large estuary complex in the U.S. Pacific Northwest that is home to a diverse and economically important ecosystem threatened by anthropogenic impacts associated with climate change, urbanization, and ocean acidification. While ocean acidification has been studied in oceanic waters, little is known regarding its status in estuaries. Anthropogenically acidified coastal waters upwelling along the western North American continental margin can enter Puget Sound through the Strait of Juan de Fuca. In order to study the combined effects of ocean acidification and other natural and anthropogenic processes on Puget Sound waters, we made the first inorganic carbon measurements in this estuary on two survey cruises in February and August of 2008. Observed pH and aragonite saturation state values in surface and subsurface waters were substantially lower in parts of Puget Sound than would be expected from anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake alone. We estimate that ocean acidification can account for 24-49% of the pH decrease in the deep waters of the Hood Canal sub-basin of Puget Sound relative to estimated pre-industrial values. The remaining change in pH between when seawater enters the sound and when it reaches this deep basin results from remineralization of organic matter due to natural or anthropogenically stimulated respiration processes within Puget Sound. Over time, however, the relative impact of ocean acidification could increase significantly, accounting for 49-82% of the pH decrease in subsurface waters for a doubling of atmospheric CO2. These changes may have profound impacts on the Puget Sound ecosystem over the next several decades. These estimates suggest that the role ocean acidification will play in estuaries may be different from the open ocean. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Feely, Richard A.; Alin, Simone R.; Sabine, Christopher L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Newton, Jan] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Warner, Mark; Devol, Allan] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Krembs, Christopher; Maloy, Carol] Washington State Dept Ecol, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. RP Feely, RA (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM richard.a.feely@noaa.gov; simone.r.alin@noaa.gov; newton@apl.washington.edu; chris.sabine@noaa.gov; warner@u.washington.edu; devol@u.washington.edu; ckre461@ecy.wa.gov; cfal461@ecy.wa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; University of Washington; Hood Canal Dissolved Oxygen Program via Naval Sea Systems Command [N00024-02-D-6602] FX This work was co-sponsored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, the University of Washington including the Puget Sound Regional Synthesis Model (PRISM), and the Washington State Department of Ecology. Work in Hood Canal was partially funded through the Hood Canal Dissolved Oxygen Program via Naval Sea Systems Command Contract #N00024-02-D-6602 Task 50. The authors wish to thank the officers and crew of the R/V Thompson and EPA Ocean Survey Vessel Bold for their assistance during the cruises and Cynthia Peacock, Geoff Lebon, Cathy Cosca, Corinne Bassin, Jill Coyle, Dana Greeley, Julia Bos, Kathy Krogslund, Amanda Gray, Megan Black, Sylvia Musielewicz, and Jennifer Nomura for their shipboard and laboratory support of this research effort. This is PMEL contribution number 3455. NR 70 TC 176 Z9 181 U1 16 U2 214 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 EI 1096-0015 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD AUG 10 PY 2010 VL 88 IS 4 BP 442 EP 449 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2010.05.004 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 624ZL UT WOS:000279860800002 ER PT J AU Han, Y van Delst, P Weng, FZ AF Han, Yong van Delst, Paul Weng, Fuzhong TI An improved fast radiative transfer model for special sensor microwave imager/sounder upper atmosphere sounding channels SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MESOSPHERE; OXYGEN; FIELD AB Special sensor microwave imager/sounder (SSMIS) on board the U. S. Defense Meteorology Satellite Program satellites includes six upper atmosphere sounding (UAS) channels for probing air temperature in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere. Three of the UAS channels 19-21 are sensitive to the Doppler frequency shift due to Earth's rotation. The sensitivity to the frequency shift in large degree depends on the O-2 Zeeman splitting effect, which is a function of the Earth's magnetic field strength and the angle between the Earth's magnetic field and propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave. Since the brightness temperatures can change up to 2 K as a result of the Doppler shift, the fast radiative transfer model developed earlier for the SSMIS UAS channels has recently been improved to take the Doppler shift into account. In the fast model, an averaged transmittance within the channel frequency passbands is parameterized and trained with a line-by-line radiative transfer model that accurately computes the monochromatic transmittances at fine frequency steps within each passband. The model is evaluated by comparing it with the line-by-line model in an independent experiment. The root mean square differences between the two models are 0.21, 0.39, 0.34, and 0.19 K for channels 19-22, respectively. Using the model, the sensitivities of the radiances to the Doppler shift are analyzed through simulations. A theoretical explanation is given for the dependence of the sensitivities on the Zeeman splitting effect. Results from the analysis are then compared to the observations and a good agreement is achieved. C1 [Han, Yong; Weng, Fuzhong] Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NOAA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [van Delst, Paul] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [van Delst, Paul] NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Han, Yong; van Delst, Paul; Weng, Fuzhong] Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Han, Y (reprint author), Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NOAA, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM yong.han@noaa.gov RI Han, Yong/F-5590-2010; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Han, Yong/0000-0002-0183-7270; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 10 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D15109 DI 10.1029/2010JD013878 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 639EX UT WOS:000280955400006 ER PT J AU Staymates, M Fletcher, R Staymates, J Gillen, G Berkland, C AF Staymates, Matthew Fletcher, Robert Staymates, Jessica Gillen, Greg Berkland, Cory TI Production and characterization of polymer microspheres containing trace explosives using precision particle fabrication technology SO JOURNAL OF MICROENCAPSULATION LA English DT Article DE Explosives; microencapsulation; microspheres; trace detection ID DRUG-DELIVERY APPLICATION; LACTIC/GLYCOLIC ACID POLYMERS; PLGA MICROSPHERES; BIODEGRADATION; BIOCOMPATIBILITY; DEVICES; SIZE AB Well characterized test materials are essential for validating the performance of current trace explosive detection systems. These test materials must replicate trace explosive contamination in the form of small particles with characteristic diameters in the micrometer range. In this work, Precision Particle Fabrication was used to fabricate monodisperse polymer microspheres that contain high explosives. Three high explosives were successfully incorporated into the microspheres. Ion mobility spectrometry confirmed that the encapsulation efficiency was typically greater than 50%, with some suspected loss to the aqueous phase during production. This study demonstrates that, with this technique, polymer microspheres containing explosives can be produced with sufficient encapsulation, along with tightly controlled particle size distributions at high production rates. These microspheres have proven to be a valuable test material for trace explosive detectors because of their highly precise size, shape and explosive composition. C1 [Staymates, Matthew; Fletcher, Robert; Staymates, Jessica; Gillen, Greg] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Berkland, Cory] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Staymates, M (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8371, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM matthew.staymates@nist.gov FU United States Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate; Interagency Agreement with the National Institute of Standards and Technology FX The United States Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate sponsored the production of this work under an Interagency Agreement with the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-2048 J9 J MICROENCAPSUL JI J. Microencapsul. PD AUG 10 PY 2010 VL 27 IS 5 BP 426 EP 435 DI 10.3109/02652040903367335 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Engineering; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 634ON UT WOS:000280592700006 PM 19860542 ER PT J AU Wahlstrand, JK Sipe, JE AF Wahlstrand, J. K. Sipe, J. E. TI Independent-particle theory of the Franz-Keldysh effect including interband coupling: Application to calculation of electroabsorption in GaAs SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SCHOTTKY-BARRIER ELECTROREFLECTANCE; STRONG ELECTRIC FIELD; DOT-P THEORY; CONDUCTION-BAND; ZINCBLENDE SEMICONDUCTORS; FOURIER TRANSFORMATION; REFLECTANCE ANISOTROPY; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; GALLIUM-ARSENIDE; WANNIER EXCITON AB We calculate the linear optical absorption spectrum for a semiconductor in the presence of a strong constant (dc) electric field (the Franz-Keldysh effect). An independent particle theory is developed that treats the dc field nonperturbatively and the optical field perturbatively. Results are presented from a calculation using a 14-band k . p model for the band structure of GaAs that includes remote band effects to order k(2). We also include remote band effects in the matrix elements for consistency. Coupling between nearly degenerate bands due to the dc field plays an important role, both near the valence band degeneracy in the center of the Brillouin zone and along lines where spin-split bands become degenerate. We calculate the electroabsorption spectrum with a dc field pointing along various crystal directions and predict experimentally accessible effects due to band warping. Calculations using the 14-band model show a change in the absorption spectrum that depends on the sign of the electric field, reflecting the lack of a center of inversion symmetry in GaAs. The theoretical framework presented can be easily extended to nonlinear absorption. C1 [Sipe, J. E.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Wahlstrand, JK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM wahlstrj@umd.edu FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) FX We thank S. T. Cundiff for many discussions and all members of the Cundiff research group at JILA for allowing the use of their computational resources. J.E.S. thanks the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) for support. NR 65 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 9 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 7 AR 075206 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.075206 PG 22 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 636RW UT WOS:000280758500004 ER PT J AU Zhang, YC Long, CN Rossow, WB Dutton, EG AF Zhang, Yuanchong Long, Charles N. Rossow, William B. Dutton, Ellsworth G. TI Exploiting diurnal variations to evaluate the ISCCP-FD flux calculations and radiative-flux-analysis-processed surface observations from BSRN, ARM, and SURFRAD SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID DATA SETS; CLOUD; NETWORK; CLIMATE; SKIES; MODEL; TOP AB Using a meteorological similarity comparison method (MSCM), we performed a mutual and simultaneous evaluation of the surface radiative flux datasets from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project-FD and the new radiative-flux-analysis-processed surface observations (RFA-PSO). For downward shortwave (SW), diffuse (Dif), and direct (Dir) fluxes, matching cloud fraction (CF) reduces the flux difference between FD and RFA-PSO by up to a factor of 2. Decreasing the aerosol optical depth values used in the FD calculations accounts for much of the remaining difference. For downward longwave (LW) flux, matching either surface air temperature or CF reduces the flux difference to nearly zero. For the total downward SW diurnal variations, there is excellent agreement for both clear and cloudy sky, but less good agreement for the Dif and Dir components. The latter agree much better for clear sky when the FD aerosol optical depth is reduced and for cloudy sky when matching CF and cloud optical depth jointly. For LW diurnal variations, the agreement is best for clear sky, but FD has a larger amplitude by 3-7 W/m(2) for cloudy sky because of differing sensitivities to cirrus and low clouds in the two datasets. These results confirm that the source of the FD surface flux uncertainty of similar to 10-15 W/m(2) is the input quantities, not the radiative transfer model. An important limitation of the RFA-PSO cloud parameters (not the fluxes) is the inhomogeneous diurnal sampling and the retrieval difficulties with broken clouds (SW) and cirrus clouds (LW). C1 [Zhang, Yuanchong] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Dutton, Ellsworth G.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, ESRL, R GMD, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Long, Charles N.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Rossow, William B.] CUNY, Remote Sensing CREST, NASA,Goddard Inst Space Studies, Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Zhang, YC (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway,Rm 320-B, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM yzhang@giss.nasa.gov RI Rossow, William/F-3138-2015 FU NASA [NNXD7AN04G, NNXD7AO90G]; Climate Change Research Division of the U. S. Department of Energy FX We thank the principal investigators, Rick Wagener, Brent N. Holben, and Ross Mitchell for their efforts in establishing and maintaining Nauru, Manus, and Darwin AERONET sites, respectively, and Connor Flynn for his data processing for these sites. The work by two authors (Y. Zhang and W. B. Rossow) is supported by NASA grant NNXD7AN04G, the MAP program directed by Dr. Donald Anderson, and grant NNXD7AO90G, the NEWS project directed by Dr. Jared Entin. C. N. Long acknowledges the support of the Climate Change Research Division of the U. S. Department of Energy as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program. Recognition is also extended to those responsible for the operation and maintenance of the instruments that produced the measurements used in this study; their diligent and dedicated efforts are often underappreciated. NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 6 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D15105 DI 10.1029/2009JD012743 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 636GC UT WOS:000280718500001 ER PT J AU Bucholtz, A Hlavka, DL McGill, MJ Schmidt, KS Pilewskie, P Davis, SM Reid, EA Walker, AL AF Bucholtz, Anthony Hlavka, Dennis L. McGill, Matthew J. Schmidt, K. Sebastian Pilewskie, Peter Davis, Sean M. Reid, Elizabeth A. Walker, Annette L. TI Directly measured heating rates of a tropical subvisible cirrus cloud SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; ACCURATE PARAMETERIZATION; LIDAR MEASUREMENTS; CLIMATE MODELS; TROPOPAUSE; THIN; IMPACT; STRATOSPHERE; TROPOSPHERE; AEROSOL AB We present the first direct measurements of the infrared and solar heating rates of a tropical subvisible cirrus (SVC) cloud sampled off the east coast of Nicaragua on 25 July 2007 by the NASA ER-2 aircraft during the Tropical Composition, Cloud and Climate Coupling Experiment (TC4). On this day a persistent thin cirrus layer, with mostly clear skies underneath, was detected in real time by the cloud lidar on the ER-2, and the aircraft was directed to profile down through the SVC. Measurements of the net broadband infrared irradiance and spectrally integrated solar irradiance above, below, and through the SVC are used to determine the infrared and solar heating rates of the cloud. The lidar measurements show that the variable SVC layer was located between similar to 13 and 15 km. Its midvisible optical depth varied from 0.01 to 0.10 with a mean of 0.034 +/- 0.033. Its depolarization ratio was approximately 0.4, indicative of ice clouds. From the divergence of the measured net irradiances the infrared heating rate of the SVC was determined to be similar to 2.50-3.24 K d(-1) and the solar heating rate was found to be negligible. These values are consistent with previous indirect observations of other SVC and with model-generated heating rates of SVC with similar optical depths. This study illustrates the utility and potential of the profiling sampling strategy employed here. A more fully instrumented high-altitude aircraft that also included in situ cloud and aerosol probes would provide a comprehensive data set for characterizing both the radiative and microphysical properties of these ubiquitous tropical clouds. C1 [Bucholtz, Anthony; Reid, Elizabeth A.; Walker, Annette L.] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [McGill, Matthew J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hlavka, Dennis L.] Sci Syst & Applicat, Lanham, MD USA. [Schmidt, K. Sebastian; Pilewskie, Peter] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Davis, Sean M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bucholtz, A (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM anthony.bucholtz@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Davis, Sean/C-9570-2011; McGill, Matthew/D-8176-2012; SCHMIDT, KONRAD SEBASTIAN/C-1258-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Davis, Sean/0000-0001-9276-6158; SCHMIDT, KONRAD SEBASTIAN/0000-0003-3899-228X; Hlavka, Dennis/0000-0002-2976-7243 FU NASA [NNH07A-F56I] FX We are grateful to Warren Gore and Tony Trias from NASA Ames Research Center for their engineering and technical support during TC4, especially with the integration of the BBIR instruments into the SSFR data acquisition system on the ER-2 aircraft. This work was supported by the NASA Radiation Sciences Program under grant NNH07A-F56I (TC4). NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 5 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D00J09 DI 10.1029/2009JD013128 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 636GB UT WOS:000280718400004 ER PT J AU Awan, IA McGivern, WS Tsang, W Manion, JA AF Awan, Iftikhar A. McGivern, W. Sean Tsang, Wing Manion, Jeffrey A. TI Decomposition and Isomerization of 5-Methylhex-1-yl Radical SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID VIBRATIONAL ENERGY-TRANSFER; CIS-TRANS ISOMERIZATION; SHOCK-TUBE; THRESHOLDS; SYSTEMS AB The decomposition and isomerization reactions of the 5-methylhex-1-yl radical (1-5MeH) have been studied at temperatures of 889-1064 K and pressures of 1.6-2.2 bar using the single pulse shock tube technique. The radical of interest was generated by shock heating dilute mixtures of 5-methylhexyl iodide to break the weak C-I bond, and the kinetics and reaction mechanism deduced on the basis of the olefin cracking pattern observed by gas chromatographic analysis of the products. In order of decreasing molar yields, alkene products from 1-5MeH decomposition are ethene, isobutene, propene, 3-methylbut-1-ene, but-1-ene, E/Z-hex-2-ene, 4-methylpent-1-ene, and hex-1-ene. The first three products account for almost 90% of the carbon balance. The mechanism involves reversible intramolecular H-transfer reactions that lead to the formation of the radicals 5-methylhex-5-yl (5-5MeH), 5-methylhex-2-yl (2-5MeH), 5-methylhex-4-yl (4-5MeH), 5-methylhex-6-yl (6-5MeH), and 5-methylhex-3-yl (3-5MeH). Competitive with isomerization reactions are decompositions by beta C-C bond scission. The main product forming radical is 5-5MeH, which is formed by intramolecular abstraction of the lone tertiary 11 in the radical. This reaction is deduced to be a factor of 4.0 +/- 0.7 faster on a per hydrogen basis than the analogous abstraction of a secondary hydrogen in 1-hexyl radical. The estimated uncertainty corresponds to 1 standard deviation. The following relative rates have been deduced under our reaction conditions: k(4-5MeH -> C(2)H(5) +3-methylbut-1-ene)/k(4-5MeH -> CH(3) + Z-hex-2-ene) = 10((0.39 +/- 0.12)) exp[(675 +/- 270)K/T]; k(4-5MeH -> C(2)H(5) + 3-methylbut-1-ene)/k(4-5MeH -> CH(3) + E-hex-2-ene) = 10((0.10)perpendicular to 0.09) exp[(1125 +/- 210)K/T]; k(3-5MeH -> iso-C(3)H(7) + but-1-ene)/(k)(3-5MeH -> CH(3) + 4-methylpent-1-cue) = 10((0.26 +/- 0.55)) exp[(1720 +/- 1300)K/T]. Observed olefin distributions depend on the relative rate constants and the interplay of chemical activation and falloff behavior as the energy distributions of the various radicals relax to steady-state values. A kinetic model using an RRKM/master equation analysis has been developed, and absolute rate expressions have been deduced. The model was used to extrapolate the data to temperatures between 500 and 1900 K and pressures of 0.1-1000 bar, and results for 12 isomerization reactions and 10 beta C-C bond scission reactions are reported. C1 [Awan, Iftikhar A.; McGivern, W. Sean; Tsang, Wing; Manion, Jeffrey A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Manion, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeffrey.manion@nist.gov FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Julian M. Tishkoff, Program Manager, for support. NR 33 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD AUG 5 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 30 BP 7832 EP 7846 DI 10.1021/jp102313p PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 631PV UT WOS:000280360800002 PM 20617793 ER PT J AU Holmstrom, ED Nesbitt, DJ AF Holmstrom, Erik D. Nesbitt, David J. TI Real-Time Infrared Overtone Laser Control of Temperature in Picoliter H2O Samples: "Nanobathtubs" for Single Molecule Microscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RHODAMINE-B; RNA; THERMODYNAMICS; TETRALOOP; KINETICS; LIQUIDS; CELL AB An approach for high spatiotemporal control of aqueous sample temperatures in confocal microscopy is reported. This technique exploits near-IR diode-laser illumination to locally heat picoliter volumes of water via first-overtone excitation in the OH-stretch manifold. A thin water cell after the objective resonantly removes any residual IR light from the detection system, allowing for continuous observation of single-molecule fluorescence throughout the heating event. This technique is tested quantitatively by reproducing single-molecule RNA folding results obtained from "bulk" stage heating measurements. Calibration of sample temperatures is obtained from time-correlated single-photon counting studies of Rhodamine B fluorescence decay. We obtain an upper limit to the heating response time (tau(heat) < 20 ms) consistent with even faster estimates (tau(heat) approximate to 0.25 ms) based on laser spot size. H2O heat capacity and absorption cross section. This combination of fast, noncontact heating of picoliter volumes provides new opportunities for real-time thermodynamic/kinetic studies at the single-molecule level. C1 [Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@colorado.edu FU National Science Foundation; National Institute of Standards and Technology; W. M. Keck Foundation initiative in RNA sciences at the University of Colorado, Boulder FX This work is funded in part by the National Science Foundation, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the W. M. Keck Foundation initiative in RNA sciences at the University of Colorado, Boulder. We would like to thank Drs. Arthur Pardi and Christopher D. Downey for their contributions to the RNA construct design. We would also like to thank Dr. David Rueda and Mr. Rui Zhao for technical discussions and encouragement. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7185 J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett. PD AUG 5 PY 2010 VL 1 IS 15 BP 2264 EP 2268 DI 10.1021/jz100663e PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 636EN UT WOS:000280711500008 PM 21814589 ER PT J AU Ivancic, TM Hwang, SJ Bowman, RC Birkmire, DS Jensen, CM Udovic, TJ Conradi, MS AF Ivancic, Timothy M. Hwang, Son-Jong Bowman, Robert C., Jr. Birkmire, Derek S. Jensen, Craig M. Udovic, Terrence J. Conradi, Mark S. TI Discovery of A New Al Species in Hydrogen Reactions of NaAlH4 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COMPLEX ALUMINUM HYDRIDES; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; TI-DOPED NAALH4; VACANCY FORMATION; STORAGE MATERIALS; SODIUM ALANATE; NMR; DEHYDROGENATION; DECOMPOSITION; NA3ALH6 AB The NaAlH4 system remains the archetype of hydrogen storage solids. However, the detailed mechanisms of the hydrogen reactions of NaAIH(4) remain unknown. We report Al-27 in situ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic data revealing an Al-bearing mobile species that could provide the large scale metal-atom transport needed for rehydriding. This new species forms under reaction conditions but can be captured at ambient temperature using excess H-2 pressure. The NMR measurements demonstrate that the species is highly mobile (at 20 degrees C) and carries both Al and H atoms. On the basis of the Al-27 shift (close to NaAlH4) and the disorder evident in X-ray diffraction the species is identified as highly defective NaAlH4, likely having a large AIH(3) vacancy concentration. C1 [Ivancic, Timothy M.; Conradi, Mark S.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Hwang, Son-Jong] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Bowman, Robert C., Jr.] RCB Hydrides LLC, Franklin, OH 45005 USA. [Birkmire, Derek S.; Jensen, Craig M.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Chem, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Udovic, Terrence J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ivancic, TM (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM cicnavi@hotmail.com; msc@wuphys.wustl.edu OI Bowman, Robert/0000-0002-2114-1713 FU Basic Energy Sciences of the Dept. of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER46256]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [9724240, DMR-0520565] FX We thank W. E. Buhro for continuing advice. Support from Basic Energy Sciences of the Dept. of Energy through grant DE-FG02-05ER46256 is acknowledged and appreciated. The NMR facility at Caltech was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under grant 9724240 and partially supported by the MRSEC Program of the NSF under award number DMR-0520565. NR 36 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7185 J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett. PD AUG 5 PY 2010 VL 1 IS 15 BP 2412 EP 2416 DI 10.1021/jz1007998 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 636EN UT WOS:000280711500035 ER PT J AU Bryant, GW Zielinski, M Malkova, N Sims, J Jaskolski, W Aizpurua, J AF Bryant, Garnett W. Zielinski, M. Malkova, Natalia Sims, James Jaskolski, W. Aizpurua, Javier TI Effect of Mechanical Strain on the Optical Properties of Quantum Dots: Controlling Exciton Shape, Orientation, and Phase with a Mechanical Strain SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STORAGE AB We show how a nanomechanical strain can be used to dynamically reengineer the optics of quantum dots, giving a tool to manipulate mechanoexciton shape, orientation, fine structure splitting, and optical transitions, transfer carriers between dots, and interact qubits for quantum processing. Most importantly, a nanomechanical strain reengineers both the magnitude and phase of the exciton exchange coupling to tune exchange splittings, change the phase of spin mixing, and rotate the polarization of mechanoexcitons, providing phase and energy control of excitons. C1 [Bryant, Garnett W.; Malkova, Natalia] NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bryant, Garnett W.; Malkova, Natalia] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zielinski, M.; Jaskolski, W.] Inst Fizyki UMK, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. [Sims, James] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Aizpurua, Javier] CSIC UPV EHU, Ctr Mixto Fis Mat, Donostia San Sebastian 20018, Spain. Donostia Int Phys Ctr, Donostia San Sebastian 20018, Spain. RP Bryant, GW (reprint author), NIST, Atom Phys Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM garnett.bryant@nist.gov RI CSIC-UPV/EHU, CFM/F-4867-2012; Jaskolski, Wlodzimierz/D-1318-2014; Aizpurua, Javier/E-6889-2014; Zielinski, Michal/C-2587-2013; DONOSTIA INTERNATIONAL PHYSICS CTR., DIPC/C-3171-2014 OI Jaskolski, Wlodzimierz/0000-0003-4814-1876; Aizpurua, Javier/0000-0002-1444-7589; Zielinski, Michal/0000-0002-7239-2504; NR 43 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 5 PY 2010 VL 105 IS 6 AR 067404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.067404 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 634UZ UT WOS:000280612400013 PM 20868012 ER PT J AU Zhou, Y King, DM Li, JH Barrett, KS Goldfarb, RB Weimer, AW AF Zhou, Yun King, David M. Li, Jianhua Barrett, Kathryn S. Goldfarb, Ron B. Weimer, Alan W. TI Synthesis of Photoactive Magnetic Nanoparticles with Atomic Layer Deposition SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FLUIDIZED-BED REACTOR; HETEROGENEOUS PHOTOCATALYSIS; ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; ALUMINUM NITRIDE; POROUS ALUMINA; TIO2 FILMS; GROWTH; MECHANISM; TRIMETHYLALUMINUM AB Iron-based magnetic nanoparticles have been produced by decomposition of iron oxalate powder. The micrometer-size iron oxalate powder was first ground by use of a cryogenic milling process. A titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) thin film was then deposited on the synthesized iron nanoparticles with an in situ atomic layer deposition (ALD) process at 100 degrees C with TiCl(4) and H(2)O(2) as precursors. However, because of the high surface area, the iron nanoparticles were unstable and spontaneously oxidized when exposed to H(2)O(2) during the TiO(2) ALD process, thus reducing the magnetic moment of the core particles. As an improvement in the process, prior to the TiO(2) deposition, an aluminum nitride (AIN) film Was deposited in situ to coat and passivate the iron core particles. The AIN ALD was performed at 250 degrees C with trimethylaluminium (TMA) and ammonia (NH(3)) as precursors. This passivation provided a significant decrease in the iron oxidation as determined by X-ray diffraction and magnetization measurements. Photoactivity of the TiO(2) film was demonstrated by decomposition of methylene blue solution under ultraviolet irradiation. C1 [Zhou, Yun; King, David M.; Li, Jianhua; Barrett, Kathryn S.; Weimer, Alan W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Goldfarb, Ron B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Electromagnet, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Weimer, AW (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, UCB 424, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM alan.weimer@colorado.edu RI King, David/C-4650-2011; Goldfarb, Ronald/A-5493-2011 OI Goldfarb, Ronald/0000-0002-1942-7974 NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD AUG 4 PY 2010 VL 49 IS 15 BP 6964 EP 6971 DI 10.1021/ie901712q PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 631XU UT WOS:000280384800033 ER PT J AU Laird, EA Taylor, JM DiVincenzo, DP Marcus, CM Hanson, MP Gossard, AC AF Laird, E. A. Taylor, J. M. DiVincenzo, D. P. Marcus, C. M. Hanson, M. P. Gossard, A. C. TI Coherent spin manipulation in an exchange-only qubit SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM ERROR-CORRECTION; ELECTRON-SPIN; COMPUTATION; BLOCKADE; DOTS AB Initialization, two-spin coherent manipulation, and readout of a three-spin qubit are demonstrated using a few-electron triple quantum dot. The three-spin qubit is designed to allow all operations for full qubit control to be tuned via nearest-neighbor exchange interaction. Fast readout of charge states takes advantage of multi-plexed reflectometry. Decoherence measured in a two-spin subspace is found to be consistent with predictions based on gate voltage noise with a uniform power spectrum. The theory of the exchange-only qubit is developed and it is shown that initialization of only two spins suffices for operation. Requirements for full multi-qubit control using only exchange and electrostatic interactions are outlined. C1 [Laird, E. A.; Marcus, C. M.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Taylor, J. M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [DiVincenzo, D. P.] IBM TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. [Hanson, M. P.; Gossard, A. C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Laird, EA (reprint author), Delft Univ Technol, Kavli Inst Nanosci, NL-2600 GA Delft, Netherlands. RI Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011; Marcus, Charles/M-4526-2014; Laird, Edward/N-6411-2016; DiVincenzo, David/H-5952-2013 OI Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594; Marcus, Charles/0000-0003-2420-4692; Laird, Edward/0000-0001-9589-127X; DiVincenzo, David/0000-0003-4332-645X FU Department of Defense; IARPA/ARO; National Science Foundation; Harvard University FX We acknowledge C. Barthel and D. J. Reilly for discussions. This work was supported by the Department of Defense, IARPA/ARO, the National Science Foundation, and Harvard University. NR 23 TC 112 Z9 112 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 4 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 7 AR 075403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.075403 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 634JE UT WOS:000280576200003 ER PT J AU Baker, ET Martinez, F Resing, JA Walker, SL Buck, NJ Edwards, MH AF Baker, Edward T. Martinez, Fernando Resing, Joseph A. Walker, Sharon L. Buck, Nathaniel J. Edwards, Margo H. TI Hydrothermal cooling along the Eastern Lau Spreading Center: No evidence for discharge beyond the neovolcanic zone SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Lau Basin; hydrothermal; crustal cooling ID LOWER OCEANIC-CRUST; BACK-ARC BASIN; VALU FA RIDGE; DE-FUCA RIDGE; PACIFIC RISE; MIDOCEAN RIDGES; MAGMA CHAMBERS; HEAT-FLUX; 9-DEGREES-30N; CONSTRAINTS AB Heat transported from the mantle beneath spreading centers creates an astonishingly narrow ribbon of convective heat discharge at plate boundaries, as apparently demonstrated by exhaustive exploration for hydrothermal discharge sites over the last three decades. Recent observations and models are now challenging this assumption of exclusively axis-centric high-temperature venting. One example is the proposal that intense cooling along the vertical boundaries of a broad low-velocity volume (LVV) of hot crust could generate high-temperature fluids several kilometers off axis. To test the hypothesis that substantial hydrothermal discharge might occur beyond the LVV, we conducted a dense survey grid of the ridge and surrounding seafloor (up to +/- 5 km) along 175 km of the Eastern Lau Spreading Center and Valu Fa Ridge (similar to 1800 km of track line). Our sampling array extended from similar to 50 to 400 m above bottom and included light-scattering, oxidation-reduction potential, and hydrographic sensors attached to the tow line and beneath the IMI120 sonar mapping system. The surveys successfully mapped plumes from several vent fields in the neovolcanic zone (similar to +/- 1.5 km about the axis) but did not detect evidence of significant discharge anywhere farther off-axis. At a few locations on the Valu Fa Ridge, however, we did record oxidation-reduction potential anomalies with hydrographic density signatures that imply low-temperature hydrothermal sources on the axial flank. Although these sites are hundreds of meters deeper than the adjacent crest, they are above, not beyond, the previously mapped LVV. Our results thus do not support a simple picture of high-temperature fluids ascending undiluted through the crust to the seafloor several kilometers off-axis. However, we cannot exclude the possibilities that the largely unmapped LVV is narrower here than seen on other ridges, that hydrothermal fluids formed beyond the LVV are channeled to the axis, or that discharge beyond the neo-volcanic zone occurs only as dispersed, very low-temperature fluids. Our observations do demonstrate that high-temperature discharge predominantly exits the seafloor within a narrow (similar to +/- 1.5 km) axial ribbon, regardless of the presence or absence of an axial magma chamber. C1 [Baker, Edward T.; Walker, Sharon L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Martinez, Fernando; Edwards, Margo H.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Resing, Joseph A.; Buck, Nathaniel J.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean PMEL, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Baker, ET (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM edward.baker@noaa.gov FU NOAA; NSF [OCE 0732307, OCE 0732372, OCE 0732536] FX This research was sponsored by the NOAA VENTS Program and the NSF RIDGE2000 Program (OCE 0732307 (E.T.B.), OCE 0732372 (J.A.R.), and OCE 0732536 ( F.M.)). We thank the Kingdom of Tonga for allowing us to work in their Exclusive Economic Zone. Laurence Coogan and Cornel E. J. de Ronde provided many astute comments in reviewing the manuscript. This paper is PMEL contribution 3516, JISAO publication 1821, and SOEST/HIGP contribution 7954. NR 50 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD AUG 3 PY 2010 VL 11 AR Q08004 DI 10.1029/2010GC003106 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 636FO UT WOS:000280717100004 ER PT J AU Falabella, JB Cho, TJ Ripple, DC Hackley, VA Tarlov, MJ AF Falabella, James B. Cho, Tae Joon Ripple, Dean C. Hackley, Vincent A. Tarlov, Michael J. TI Characterization of Gold Nanoparticles Modified with Single-Stranded DNA Using Analytical Ultracentrifugation and Dynamic Light Scattering SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SIZE-DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS; FIELD-FLOW FRACTIONATION; SEDIMENTATION-VELOCITY; SURFACE COVERAGE; FLUORESCENCE; SPECTROSCOPY; AGGREGATION; RESOLUTION AB We report the characterization of gold nanoparticles modified with thiol-terminated single stranded DNA (ssDNA) using analytical ultracentrifugation. Dynamic light scattering was used to measure the diameter of bare and ssDNA modified gold nanoparticles to corroborate the predictions of our models. Sedimentation coefficients of nominally 10 and 20 nm diameter gold nanoparticles modified with thiol-terminated thymidine homo-oligonucleotides, 5-30 bases in length, were determined with analytical ultracentrifugation. The sedimentation coefficients of gold nanoparticles modified with ssDNA were found to decrease with increasing coverage of ssDNA and increasing length of ssDNA. The sedimentation coefficients of ssDNA modified gold particles were most closely predicted when the strands were modeled as fully extended chains (FEC). Apparent particle densities of bare gold nanoparticles calculated from measured sedimentation coefficients decreased significantly below that of bulk gold with decreasing size of nanoparticles. This finding suggests that hydration layer effects are an important factor in the sedimentation behavior for both bare and short ssDNA chain modified gold particles. C1 [Falabella, James B.; Cho, Tae Joon; Ripple, Dean C.; Hackley, Vincent A.; Tarlov, Michael J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Falabella, JB (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Hackley, Vincent/0000-0003-4166-2724 FU National Research Council FX We thank Edward Eisenstein of the Center for Advanced Research in Biotechnology for allowing us access to the AUC. We thank Walter Stafford and David Hayes of the Boston Biomedical Research Institute for advice on AUC technique, raw data analysis, and modeling the sedimentation coefficient of nanomaterials. We thank Jack Douglas of the NIST Polymer Division for advice on the modeling of ssDNA covered nanoparticles. We thank Patrick Brown and Peter Schuck of the National Institutes of Health for advice on the analysis of raw data. We thank Suvajyoti Guha for measuring the diameters of two sizes of bare gold nanoparticles with ES-DMA and Professor Michael Zachariah for the use of his ES-DMA instrument. We also thank Germane Sanchez-Pomales and Joshua Wayment for their help in the final stage of this project. J.B.F. thanks the National Research Council for his postdoctoral research fellowship. NR 35 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD AUG 3 PY 2010 VL 26 IS 15 BP 12740 EP 12747 DI 10.1021/la100761f PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 631NI UT WOS:000280353800040 PM 20604538 ER PT J AU Lin, M Swanson, R Moon, T Smith, C Kehoe, M Brown, SW Lykke, KR AF Lin, Mike Swanson, Rand Moon, Thomas Smith, Casey Kehoe, Michael Brown, Steven W. Lykke, Keith R. TI Stray light characterization of an InGaAs anamorphic hyperspectral imager SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID RADIANCE RESPONSIVITY CALIBRATIONS; SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE; UNIFORM SOURCES; ABERRATIONS; FACILITY AB Compact hyperspectral sensors potentially have a wide range of applications, including machine vision, quality control, and surveillance from small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). With the development of Indium Gallium Arsenide (InGaAs) focal plane arrays, much of the Short Wave Infra-Red (SWIR) spectral regime can be accessed with a small hyperspectral imaging system, thereby substantially expanding hyperspectral sensing capabilities. To fully realize this potential, system performance must be well-understood. Here, stray light characterization of a recently-developed push-broom hyperspectral sensor sensitive in the 1 mu m -1.7 mu m spectral regime is described. The sensor utilizes anamorphic fore-optics that partially decouple image formation along the spatial and spectral axes of the instrument. This design benefits from a reduction in complexity over standard high-performance spectrometer optical designs while maintaining excellent aberration control and spatial and spectral distortion characteristics. The stray light performance characteristics of the anamorphic imaging spectrometer were measured using the spectral irradiance and radiance responsivity calibrations using uniform sources (SIRCUS) facility at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). A description of the measurements and results are presented. Additionally, a stray-light matrix was assembled for the instrument to improve the instrument's spectral accuracy. Transmittance of a silicon wafer was measured to validate this approach. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Lin, Mike; Brown, Steven W.; Lykke, Keith R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Swanson, Rand; Moon, Thomas; Smith, Casey; Kehoe, Michael] Resonon Inc, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Lin, M (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM swanson@resonon.com NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD AUG 2 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 16 BP 17510 EP 17520 DI 10.1364/OE.18.017510 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 640IB UT WOS:000281042400122 PM 20721136 ER PT J AU Fautin, D Dalton, P Incze, LS Leong, JAC Pautzke, C Rosenberg, A Sandifer, P Sedberry, G Tunnell, JW Abbott, I Brainard, RE Brodeur, M Eldredge, LG Feldman, M Moretzsohn, F Vroom, PS Wainstein, M Wolff, N AF Fautin, Daphne Dalton, Penelope Incze, Lewis S. Leong, Jo-Ann C. Pautzke, Clarence Rosenberg, Andrew Sandifer, Paul Sedberry, George Tunnell, John W., Jr. Abbott, Isabella Brainard, Russell E. Brodeur, Melissa Eldredge, Lucius G. Feldman, Michael Moretzsohn, Fabio Vroom, Peter S. Wainstein, Michelle Wolff, Nicholas TI An Overview of Marine Biodiversity in United States Waters SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Review ID NORTHWESTERN HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; DECAPOD CRUSTACEAN FAUNA; INTERACTIONS SBI PROJECT; SOUTHEASTERN BERING-SEA; FRENCH-FRIGATE-SHOALS; SOUTH-ATLANTIC BIGHT; CORAL-REEFS; ALEUTIAN ISLANDS; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB Marine biodiversity of the United States (U.S.) is extensively documented, but data assembled by the United States National Committee for the Census of Marine Life demonstrate that even the most complete taxonomic inventories are based on records scattered in space and time. The best-known taxa are those of commercial importance. Body size is directly correlated with knowledge of a species, and knowledge also diminishes with distance from shore and depth. Measures of biodiversity other than species diversity, such as ecosystem and genetic diversity, are poorly documented. Threats to marine biodiversity in the U.S. are the same as those for most of the world: overexploitation of living resources; reduced water quality; coastal development; shipping; invasive species; rising temperature and concentrations of carbon dioxide in the surface ocean, and other changes that may be consequences of global change, including shifting currents; increased number and size of hypoxic or anoxic areas; and increased number and duration of harmful algal blooms. More information must be obtained through field and laboratory research and monitoring that involve innovative sampling techniques (such as genetics and acoustics), but data that already exist must be made accessible. And all data must have a temporal component so trends can be identified. As data are compiled, techniques must be developed to make certain that scales are compatible, to combine and reconcile data collected for various purposes with disparate gear, and to automate taxonomic changes. Information on biotic and abiotic elements of the environment must be interactively linked. Impediments to assembling existing data and collecting new data on marine biodiversity include logistical problems as well as shortages in finances and taxonomic expertise. C1 [Fautin, Daphne] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Dalton, Penelope; Wainstein, Michelle] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Incze, Lewis S.; Wolff, Nicholas] Univ So Maine, Aquat Syst Grp, Portland, ME 04103 USA. [Leong, Jo-Ann C.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI USA. [Pautzke, Clarence] N Pacific Res Board, Anchorage, AK USA. [Rosenberg, Andrew] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA USA. [Sandifer, Paul] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC USA. [Sedberry, George] Grays Reef Natl Marine Sanctuary, Savannah, GA USA. [Tunnell, John W., Jr.; Moretzsohn, Fabio] Texas A&M Univ, Harte Res Inst Gulf Mexico Studies, Corpus Christi, TX USA. [Abbott, Isabella] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Bot, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Brainard, Russell E.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Brodeur, Melissa; Feldman, Michael] Consortium Ocean Leadership, Washington, DC USA. [Eldredge, Lucius G.] Bernice P Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI USA. [Vroom, Peter S.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Fautin, D (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM fautin@ku.edu RI Moretzsohn, Fabio/B-8142-2012; OI Wolff, Nicholas/0000-0003-1162-3556 FU Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies at Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi; National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science of NOAA FX The Census of Marine Life U.S. National Committee (USNC) receives funding from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Ocean Exploration and Research Program. Authors of the Northeast Continental Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem section gratefully acknowledge support from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation through the Census of Marine Life Program. Initial funding for the project the Gulf of Mexico Large Marine Ecosystem section was based on was provided by the Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies at Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi. Later funding was provided by the National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science of NOAA and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 352 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 35 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 2 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 8 AR e11914 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0011914 PG 47 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 633RA UT WOS:000280520400011 PM 20689852 ER PT J AU Jansen, JK Boveng, PL Dahle, SP Bengtson, JL AF Jansen, John K. Boveng, Peter L. Dahle, Shawn P. Bengtson, John L. TI Reaction of Harbor Seals to Cruise Ships SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Alaska; cruise ships; disturbance; energetics; harbor seal; haul-out behavior; Phoca vitulina; predation; survival analysis; thermoregulation ID PHOCA-VITULINA-RICHARDSI; SEASONAL-CHANGES; GLACIER BAY; ALASKA; PUPS; CONSTRAINTS; LACTATION; BEHAVIOR; MASS; HAUL AB The largest aggregations of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in Alaska, USA, haul out on floating ice in tidewater glacial fjords. Seals use these fjords in peak numbers during the critical periods of pupping, breeding, and molting when visits by tour ships also peak. Documented and suspected declines of harbor seals in fjords with rising vessel traffic underscore the need to better understand possible impacts, particularly in areas where ship visits have risen substantially in the past 2 decades. We examined the interruption of haul-out bouts of harbor seals due to approaching cruise ships in Disenchantment Bay, Alaska. We conducted observations from cruise ships and focused on disturbance of seals as evidenced by seals flushing into the water from the floating ice on which they rested. We investigated rate of flushing in relation to vessel distance, approach angle, group size, and seal type (mother, pup, or other). Using a survival-regression analysis, we found that the risk of disturbing harbor seals increased when ships approached within 500 m; seals approached as close as 100 m were 25 times more likely to enter the water than seals 500 m from a ship. Seals were 4 times more prone to enter the water when ships were approaching directly rather than passing abeam. Seals responded similarly regardless of group size or seal type. Energetic models indicated a potential to disrupt energy balance and cause thermal stress in disturbed pups if they spent >50% of their time in ice-chilled water. Studies at non-glacial sites suggest that pups spend 40-70% of their time in the water. Voluntary guidelines for approaching seals in Alaska recommend that cruise ships approach >= 91 m (100 yards), a distance at which we show 90% of seals would flush into the water. Our findings indicate a need to develop regulations to maintain a 500-m separation between cruise ships and seals in all Alaskan glacial fjords. C1 [Jansen, John K.; Boveng, Peter L.; Dahle, Shawn P.; Bengtson, John L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Jansen, JK (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM john.jansen@noaa.gov FU NorthWest CruiseShip Association via Cruise Line Agencies of Alaska FX We appreciate the support of J. Hansen, president of NWCA, and the NWCA member cruise lines, in allowing the use of their ships as observation platforms. NorthWest CruiseShip Association partly funded our study and provided transportation, via Cruise Line Agencies of Alaska, for our observers to and from vessels. We thank the following people for helping to observe seals: M. Basterretche (Southwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA), M. Cameron (National Marine Mammal Laboratory [NMML]), A. Phillips (NMML), D. Seagars (United States Fish and Wildlife Service), J. Wilder (National Park Service), and D. Withrow (NMML). We also thank the Yakutat Tlingit Tribe, particularly B. Adams, Jr., for help in arranging logistics; for sharing traditional ecological knowledge; and for sponsoring 2 student interns, D. James and L. Vale. We also thank Ray Sensmeier, of Yakutat, for his tireless efforts to focus attention on this important issue. The National Weather Service (NOAA) office in Yakutat provided office space and lodging. We thank J. Nylen and the crew of the M/V Survey Point for transporting observers to and from cruise ships. Ashbury International Group Inc. loaned us a pair of rangefinder binoculars. We thank D. Rugh, S. Melin, B. Mathews, K. Brix, D. DeMaster, and 2 anonymous reviewers for helpful suggestions. We also appreciate the insights of journal editors. The mention of trade names, commercial products, or vendors does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the United States Government. NR 53 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 35 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 74 IS 6 BP 1186 EP 1194 DI 10.2193/2008-192 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 630ZT UT WOS:000280316700004 ER PT J AU Espeland, EK O'Farrell, MR AF Espeland, Erin K. O'Farrell, Michael R. TI SMALL VARIANCE IN GROWTH RATES IN ANNUAL PLANTS HAS LARGE EFFECTS ON GENETIC DRIFT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE annual plants; conservation genetics; effective population size; growth rate variance; variance N(e) ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; REPRODUCTIVE ALLOCATION; LIFE-HISTORY; CLONAL PLANT; VARIABILITY; COMPETITION; INDIVIDUALS; HIERARCHIES; PLASTICITY; SELECTION AB Premise of the Study: Effective population size (N(e)) is a critical index of the evolutionary capacity of populations. Low N(e) indicates that standing genetic diversity is susceptible to loss via stochastic processes (and inbreeding) and is, therefore, unavailable for natural selection to act upon. Reported N(e) in plant populations is often quite low. What biological and ecological factors might produce such low N(e)? Methods: We conducted a simulation model to test the effect of randomly assigned and autocorrelated growth rates of annual plants on plant-size distributions at the end of the growing season. Because plant size is directly correlated with reproductive output in annual plants, variation in plant size reflects variation in reproduction, and thus our modeled size distributions can be used to estimate N(e). Key Results: Randomly assigned growth rates had a negligble effect on N(e)/N. Autocorrelated growth rates decreased N(e)/N as the length of the growing season increased. This was the case even when the variance in growth rates was as low as 0.1% of the mean. Conclusions: While intrinsic plant biology can affect the degree of growth autocorrelation, ecological factors such as competition, herbivory, and abiotic stress can increase or decrease levels of growth autocorrelation. Ecological factors that increase growth autocorrelation can have significant effects on genetic drift within populations. C1 [Espeland, Erin K.; O'Farrell, Michael R.] Univ Calif Davis, Grad Grp Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [O'Farrell, Michael R.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Espeland, EK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Lab, Pest Management Unit, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM erin.espeland@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 97 IS 8 BP 1407 EP 1411 DI 10.3732/ajb.1000006 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 633EH UT WOS:000280481800016 PM 21616892 ER PT J AU MacCuspie, RI Elsen, AM Diamanti, SJ Patton, ST Altfeder, I Jacobs, JD Voevodin, AA Vaia, RA AF MacCuspie, Robert I. Elsen, Andrea M. Diamanti, Steve J. Patton, Steve T. Altfeder, Igor Jacobs, J. David Voevodin, Andrey A. Vaia, Richard A. TI Purification - chemical structure - electrical property relationship in gold nanoparticle liquids SO APPLIED ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Future Trends in Organic/Inorganic Nanocomposite Hybrid Materiald CY MAY, 2009 CL Himeji, JAPAN DE nanoparticle liquids; gold nanoparticles; RF-MEMS switch; XPS ID SURFACE-FUNCTIONALIZED NANOPARTICLES; LIGAND-EXCHANGE; CONDUCTING NANOCOMPOSITES; UNDECAGOLD CLUSTERS; METAL NANOPARTICLES; AU NANOPARTICLES; BEHAVIOR; MONOLAYER; DYNAMICS; MECHANISM AB Macroscopic assemblies of nanoparticles with fluid like characteristics, i.e. nanoparticle liquids (NPLs), are a new class of materials that exhibit unique properties compared with dispersions of nanoparticles in a molecularly distinct matrix phase. By focusing on reaction ratios, techniques to maximize concentration of reactants and quantification of chemical content during washing steps, a high degree of control over the purity of NPLs was maintained while allowing for easy scalability in batch sizes and synthesis throughput. A range of tertiary amines and quaternary ammoniums were used to successfully synthesize Au NPLs from a range of Au nanoparticles with nominal diameters from 6 to 20 nm and initially stabilized with either citrate or dodecanethiol. Stable Au NPLs after purification exhibited a sub-equivalence ratio of canopy to ligand molecules within the corona. This small canopy density most likely arose from the incommensurate areal density of anionic charge within the ligand shell relative to the larger size of the cationic canopy molecule, resulting in a population of cation-anion pairs too weakly bound to be retained in the initial assembly of the canopy post-purification. Finally, increasing either the volume fraction or molecular weight of the canopy was found to increase exponentially the electrical resistance of the bulk NPLs. Removal of excess canopy molecules created a conductive Au NPL that improved hot-current switching durability by at least two orders of magnitude beyond prior reports. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Res Lab, RXBN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [MacCuspie, Robert I.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Patton, Steve T.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, RXBN, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.vaia@wpafb.afmil RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013; OI MacCuspie, Robert/0000-0002-6618-6499 NR 66 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 25 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0268-2605 J9 APPL ORGANOMET CHEM JI Appl. Organomet. Chem. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 24 IS 8 SI SI BP 590 EP 599 DI 10.1002/aoc.1632 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 634XZ UT WOS:000280620900011 ER PT J AU Hofstetter, D Giorgetta, FR Baumann, E Yang, Q Manz, C Kohler, K AF Hofstetter, D. Giorgetta, F. R. Baumann, E. Yang, Q. Manz, C. Koehler, K. TI Mid-infrared quantum cascade detectors for applications in spectroscopy and pyrometry SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Tunable Diode Laser Spectroscopy CY JUL 13-17, 2009 CL Zermatt, SWITZERLAND SP Connecticut Coll, RAS, AM Prokhoroc Gen Phys Inst, ETH, Inst Quantum Elect ID MU-M; INTERSUBBAND TRANSITIONS; INFRARED DETECTORS; OPERATION; PHOTODETECTORS; ABSORPTION; GHZ AB In this paper, we give an overview of quantum cascade detector technology for the near- and mid-infrared wavelength range. Thanks to their photovoltaic operating principle, the most advanced quantum cascade detectors offer great opportunities in terms of high detection speed, reliable room temperature operation, and excellent Johnson noise limited detectivity. Besides some important features dealing with their fabrication and their general characteristics, we will also briefly present some possibilities for performance improvement. Elementary theoretical considerations adopted from photoconductive detectors confirm that optimization of such devices always involves various trade-offs. C1 [Hofstetter, D.] Univ Neuchatel, CH-2009 Neuchatel, Switzerland. [Giorgetta, F. R.; Baumann, E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Yang, Q.; Manz, C.; Koehler, K.] Fraunhofer Inst Appl Solid State Phys, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany. RP Hofstetter, D (reprint author), Univ Neuchatel, Ave Bellevaux 51, CH-2009 Neuchatel, Switzerland. EM Daniel.Hofstetter@unine.ch RI Giorgetta, Fabrizio/O-1730-2014; Baumann, Esther/P-1315-2015 OI Giorgetta, Fabrizio/0000-0003-2066-3912; Baumann, Esther/0000-0002-6569-2090 NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 EI 1432-0649 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 100 IS 2 SI SI BP 313 EP 320 DI 10.1007/s00340-010-3965-2 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 634PC UT WOS:000280594400012 ER PT J AU Hatlen, K Sloan, CA Burrows, DG Collier, TK Scholz, NL Incardona, JP AF Hatlen, Kristin Sloan, Catherine A. Burrows, Douglas G. Collier, Tracy K. Scholz, Nathaniel L. Incardona, John P. TI Natural sunlight and residual fuel oils are an acutely lethal combination for fish embryos SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Oil spills; PAHs; Heterocyclic compounds; Phototoxicity ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; SLOPE CRUDE-OIL; PHOTOENHANCED TOXICITY; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; FATHEAD MINNOW; PHOTOTOXICITY; FLUORANTHENE; ZEBRAFISH AB The majority of studies characterizing the mechanisms of oil toxicity in fish embryos and larvae have focused largely on unrefined crude oil. Few studies have addressed the toxicity of modern bunker fuels, which contain residual oils that are the highly processed and chemically distinct remains of the crude oil refinement process. Here we use zebrafish embryos to investigate potential toxicological differences between unrefined crude and residual fuel oils, and test the effects of sunlight as an additional stressor. Using mechanically dispersed oil preparations, the embryotoxicity of two bunker oils was compared to a standard crude oil from the Alaska North Slope. In the absence of sunlight, all three oils produced the stereotypical cardiac toxicity that has been linked to the fraction of tricyclic aromatic compounds in an oil mixture. However, the cardiotoxicity of bunker oils did not correlate strictly with the concentrations of tricyclic compounds. Moreover, when embryos were sequentially exposed to oil and natural sunlight, the bunker oils produced a rapid onset cell-lethal toxicity not observed with crude oil. To investigate the chemical basis of this differential toxicity, a GC/MS full scan analysis was used to identify a range of compounds that were enriched in the bunker oils. The much higher phototoxic potential of chemically distinct bunker oils observed here suggests that this mode of action should be considered in the assessment of bunker oil spill impacts, and indicates the need for a broader approach to understanding the aquatic toxicity of different oils. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hatlen, Kristin; Sloan, Catherine A.; Burrows, Douglas G.; Collier, Tracy K.; Scholz, Nathaniel L.; Incardona, John P.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Incardona, JP (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM john.incardona@noaa.gov RI Scholz, Nathaniel/L-1642-2013 OI Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272 FU NOAA FX The authors thank Susan Sugarman (OSPR) for providing the IFO1 sample and Sven Christensen (Olympic Tug and Barge) for providing the IFO2 sample, Mark Carls for providing the radiometer, Tiffany Linbo for zebrafish husbandry, Gina Ylitalo, Jim Meador, and Jana Labenia for critical reviews of the manuscript. This work was supported by NOAA Fisheries programatic funds and the authors are solely responsible for the experimental design, implementation, data analysis and interpretation. NR 39 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X EI 1879-1514 J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 99 IS 1 BP 56 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.04.002 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 617JU UT WOS:000279277800006 PM 20435358 ER PT J AU Wang, PK Su, SH Setvak, M Lin, HM Rabin, RM AF Wang, Pao K. Su, Shih-Hao Setvak, Martin Lin, Hsinmu Rabin, Robert M. TI Ship wave signature at the cloud top of deep convective storms SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Ship waves; Severe storms; Deep convection; Blocking; Diverging mode; Transverse mode ID THUNDERSTORM; PLUMES AB We identify certain features atop some thunderstorms observed by meteorological satellites as ship wave-like. A few examples of satellite visible images are shown and the ship wave signature patterns in them are identified and discussed. The presence of ship wave signatures implies the existence of a dynamical mechanism in the storm that behaves like an obstacle to the ambient flow. We use a numerical storm model simulation to show that this mechanism is due to the strong updraft and divergence in the upper part of the storm. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Pao K.; Su, Shih-Hao] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Setvak, Martin] Czech Hydrometeorol Inst, CZ-14306 Prague 4, Czech Republic. [Lin, Hsinmu] US EPA, STC, ORD NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Lin, Hsinmu] NOAA ARL AMD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Rabin, Robert M.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Wang, PK (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM pao@windy.aos.wisc.edu FU US NSF [ATM-0244505, ATM-0729898]; Grant Agency of the Czech Republic [205/07/0905]; NOAA/NESDIS GOES-I/M Product Assurance Plan (GIMPAP) FX PKW would like to acknowledge the partial support of US NSF Grants ATM-0244505 and ATM-0729898, and MS a partial support of the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic, project 205/07/0905. RMR would like to acknowledge partial support from the NOAA/NESDIS GOES-I/M Product Assurance Plan (GIMPAP). Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation (NSF). NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 97 IS 3 BP 294 EP 302 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres2010.03.015 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 630MV UT WOS:000280278400002 ER PT J AU Shen, XY Wang, Y Zhang, N Li, XF AF Shen, Xinyong Wang, Yi Zhang, Nan Li, Xiaofan TI Roles of large-scale forcing, thermodynamics, and cloud microphysics in tropical precipitation processes SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Precipitation processes; Water vapor convergence; Local change of water vapor; Local change of hydrometeor concentration; Cloud-resolving model simulation ID RESOLVING MODEL SIMULATIONS; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CUMULUS CONVECTION; RADIATION INTERACTION; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; STRATIFORM RAINFALL; MESOSCALE PROCESSES; DIURNAL-VARIATIONS; FRONTAL RAINBANDS; ICE CLOUDS AB Roles of large-scale forcing, thermodynamics, and cloud microphysics in tropical precipitation processes are investigated by analyzing data from a two-dimensional cloud-resolving model simulation. The model is forced by large-scale vertical velocity, zonal wind, horizontal advection, and sea surface temperature observed and derived from TOGA COARE and is integrated from 22 December 1992 to 8 January 1993. The composite analyses of imposed large-scale vertical velocity and water vapor mass flux, and surface rainfall, heat, and cloud microphysical budgets are carried out in eight cases that are categorized by water vapor convergence associated with imposed large-scale vertical velocity and local changes of water vapor and hydrometeor concentration. The analysis of model domain mean surface rainfall budgets shows that the local changes in water vapor and cloud hydrometeor concentration could be as important as the water vapor convergence in producing precipitation. The accurate estimates of these precipitation processes are needed in the climate models to avoid climate biases. The regional analysis shows that the imposed large-scale tropospheric upward motions enhance water vapor convergence and heat divergence and convective rainfall whereas imposed lower-tropospheric downward motions enhance water vapor divergence over stratiform regions and suppress stratiform rainfall. The local atmospheric drying over raining regions is associated with the strengthening of surface rainfall in the cases with mean local atmospheric drying. The local atmospheric moistening is associated with the strengthening of the water vapor convergence over non-raining regions and the convective rainfall is reduced by the weakening of the water vapor convergence over convective regions in the cases with mean local atmospheric moistening. The decrease and increase of mean local hydrometeor concentration are mainly from raining stratiform and convective regions, respectively. The enhancement and reduction of stratiform and convective rainfall are associated with the decrease and increase of local hydrometeor concentration, respectively, in the cases with decrease and increase of mean local hydrometeor concentration. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Shen, Xinyong] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Coll Atmospher Sci, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Minist Educ, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Shen, Xinyong] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Li, Xiaofan] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Shen, XY (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Coll Atmospher Sci, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Minist Educ, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM sxydr@126.com RI Li, Xiaofan/F-5605-2010; Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014 FU National Key Basic Research and Development Project of China [2009CB421503, 2004CB418301]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40775033]; Chinese Special Scientific Research Project for Public Interest [GYHY200806009] FX The authors thank Dr. W.-K. Tao at NASA/GSFC for his cloud-resolving model, Prof. M. Zhang SUNY, Stony brook for his TOGA COARE forcing data, and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that improve the early version of this work significantly. This study is supported by the National Key Basic Research and Development Project of China under Grant No. 2009CB421503 and No. 2004CB418301, the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 40775033, and the Chinese Special Scientific Research Project for Public Interest under Grant No. GYHY200806009. NR 55 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 97 IS 3 BP 371 EP 384 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2010.04.014 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 630MV UT WOS:000280278400008 ER PT J AU Liu, JY Brown, CL Yang, TB AF Liu, Jian-Yong Brown, Christopher L. Yang, Ting-Bao TI Phylogenetic relationships of mullets (Mugilidae) in China Seas based on partial sequences of two mitochondrial genes SO BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE China coast; Mugilidae family; Mitochondrial DNA; Phylogeny ID 6 MEDITERRANEAN MULLETS; CHROMOSOMAL EVOLUTION; CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; SPECIES MUGILIDAE; MTDNA SEGMENTS; DNA SEQUENCE; PISCES; TELEOSTEI; POPULATIONS AB Phylogenetic analyses of Mugilidae species from the China coast were carried out based on 16S and 12S rRNA mitochondrial gene sequences by maximum parsimony maximum likelihood Bayesian inference and neighbor joining analysis in the present study The results suggested that Mugil cephalus is the most genetically divergent species among the Mugilidae The four Liza species clustered together and formed a monophyletic group The genera Osteomugil showed closer affiliation with Valamugil than with Ellochelon these three genera then grouped together to form a monophyletic clade presenting as the sister group to Liza Analyses of phylogenetic and genetic distance indicated that Southern and Northern lineages of Liza haematocheila may be two different species likewise strong genetic divergence existed between Southern and Northern M cephalus lineages In addition our results supported the Southern origin of Chinese Mugilids which is contrary to the hypothesis based on morphological characters (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved C1 [Liu, Jian-Yong; Yang, Ting-Bao] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Ctr Parasit Organisms, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Liu, Jian-Yong; Yang, Ting-Bao] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Inst Aquat Econ Anim, Sch Life Sci, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Liu, Jian-Yong] Guangdong Ocean Univ, Coll Fisheries, Zhanjiang 524025, Peoples R China. [Brown, Christopher L.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. RP Yang, TB (reprint author), Sun Yat Sen Univ, Ctr Parasit Organisms, Xingang Xi Rd, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30771659]; National 863 Science and Technology project [2006AA09418] FX This work was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No 30771659) and the National 863 Science and Technology project (No 2006AA09418) We would like to thank Li Xongxong Xie Renzheng Wang Zhenhuai and Zhang Lijun for their assistance in sample collection and Li Min Huang Jianrong Liu Chunhua and Zhang Guangzhen for their help during the experiment We also appreciate the helpful comments of the anonymous referees which improved the manuscript NR 55 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-1978 J9 BIOCHEM SYST ECOL JI Biochem. Syst. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 38 IS 4 BP 647 EP 655 DI 10.1016/j.bse.2010.01.007 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 684RA UT WOS:000284565800024 ER PT J AU Bremer, JRA Ditty, JG Turner, JS Saxton, BL AF Bremer, Jaime R. Alvaiado Ditty, James G. Turner, Jennifer S. Saxton, Brandon L. TI Molecular species identification of commercially important penaeid shrimp from the Gulf of Mexico using a multiplex haplotype-specific PCR assay SO BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Multiplex PCR; Penneid shrimp; Species identification; Farfantepenaeus aztecus; F brasiliensis; F duorarum; Litopenaeus vannamei; L setiferus; Brown shrimp; Pinkspot shrimp; Pink shrimp; Northern white shrimp; Pacific white shrimp ID WESTERN ATLANTIC; BODY PARTS; PHYLOGENY; AMPLIFICATION; BIOGEOGRAPHY; LARVAE; TRADE AB This study describes a multiplex PCR assay based on the 16S rRNA mitochondrial gene to identify the penaeid shrimp Farfantepenaeus aztecus Farfantepenaeus duorarum Farfante penaeus brasthensis and Litopenaeus setiferus all native to the Gulf of Mexico and the exotic Litopenaeus vannamei The assay was validated using positively identified adult shrimp and confirmed by direct sequencing Samples of postlarvae and early juveniles collected in the eastern and western Gulf of Mexico were tested yielding 119 F aztecus 78 F duorarum and five L setiferus Reliable identification of the morphologically similar early life stages of F azterus and F duorarum has important implications for management and conservation Similarly the ability to identify L vannamei is relevant as early detection could help minimize the ecological impact if this species escapes to the wild (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved C1 [Bremer, Jaime R. Alvaiado; Turner, Jennifer S.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. [Bremer, Jaime R. Alvaiado; Saxton, Brandon L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Ditty, James G.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. RP Bremer, JRA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, 5007 Ave U, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. RI Ditty, Jim/B-6686-2009 FU Texas Institute of Oceanography (TIO); Texas Sea Grant [424013] FX We thank Dr Jim Tolan of the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department for providing L vannamei specimens Thanks to Dr Ronnie Baker Juan Salas Shawn Hillen Jennifer Doerr Seth King Kirk Kilfoyle Enji Guy from NOAA Galveston laboratory for collecting shrimp in Galveston Bay We thank Dr Ron Hill for providing shrimp from the US Virgin Islands and to Dr Ed Matheson of Florida Freshwater Fish Commission and Dr Maria Criales of NOAA Miami Laboratory for shrimp from Florida waters Thanks also to Dr Darryl Felder and Dr Heather Bracken of the University of Louisiana Lafayette for their technical suggestions Expert technical assistance in the laboratory at the Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics lab (MEFGEN) Texas A&M University at Galveston (TAMUG) was provided by Dr Jordi Vinas Jennifer Atchinson Kristine Hiltunen Heather Walker Danielle Higgins Chris Courtney Carlos Ruiz and Alex Chapman This study was supported with funds provided by the Texas Institute of Oceanography (TIO) and by Texas Sea Grant (Project 424013) NR 34 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-1978 J9 BIOCHEM SYST ECOL JI Biochem. Syst. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 38 IS 4 BP 715 EP 721 DI 10.1016/j.bse.2010.05.006 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 684RA UT WOS:000284565800034 ER PT J AU Wang, WG Rotach, MW AF Wang, Weiguo Rotach, Mathias W. TI Flux Footprints Over an Undulating Surface SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Footprint distribution function; Lagrangian stochastic model; Large-eddy simulation; Undulating surface ID CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; LAGRANGIAN STOCHASTIC-MODELS; DISPERSION MODELS; SCALAR FLUXES; INHOMOGENEOUS TURBULENCE; HETEROGENEOUS FOREST; BACKWARD; FLOW; CANOPIES AB The flux footprint probability distribution (FPD) functions for near-surface receptors over an idealised undulating surface are evaluated using a backward Lagrangian stochastic model. The wind and turbulence fields employed to drive the stochastic model are derived from large-eddy simulations, in which the horizontal wind aligns with the surface-elevation-varying direction. The flux FPD for a receptor is affected by flow divergence or convergence, and varies with the receptor's location. The widest crosswind-integrated FPD (CIFPD) curve with the smallest peak value appears when the receptor is located in the crest area, while the narrowest CIFPD curve with the largest peak value appears when the receptor is located in the windward area. Experiments are designed to highlight the impact of the horizontal homogeneity assumption on the estimation of the FPD. When the receptor is located in the area with surface-wind convergence, the peak value of the CIFPD is larger than its counterpart under assumed horizontally homogeneous flow conditions, with the peak position being closer to the receptor. The case is reversed when the receptor is located in the area with surface-wind divergence. Similar results are obtained when the CIFPD derived from an analytical footprint model (developed under the assumption of horizontally homogeneous flow conditions) is compared with that from the stochastic model over the undulating surface. The analytical model fails to simulate the CIFPD in the local downwind area under weak wind conditions due to the longitudinal wind fluctuation not being considered. C1 [Wang, Weiguo] NOAA, Plural Solut EMC NCEP, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Rotach, Mathias W.] MeteoSwiss, Fed Off Meteorol & Climatol, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Wang, WG (reprint author), NOAA, Plural Solut EMC NCEP, 5200 Auth Rd,Rm 201, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM wang_wg@yahoo.com RI Wang, Weiguo/B-4948-2009 NR 56 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 136 IS 2 BP 325 EP 340 DI 10.1007/s10546-010-9498-8 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 619TS UT WOS:000279453800008 ER PT J AU Lindsey, DT Miller, SD Grasso, L AF Lindsey, Daniel T. Miller, Steven D. Grasso, Louie TI The Impacts of the 9 April 2009 Dust and Smoke on Convection SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CLOUDS C1 [Lindsey, Daniel T.] NOAA NESDIS STAR RAMMB, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Miller, Steven D.; Grasso, Louie] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Lindsey, DT (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, CIRA, 1375 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Dan.Lindsey@noaa.gov RI Lindsey, Dan/F-5607-2010 OI Lindsey, Dan/0000-0002-0967-5683 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 91 IS 8 BP 991 EP 995 DI 10.1175/2010BAMS2964.1 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 648OV UT WOS:000281704700001 ER PT J AU Saha, S Moorthi, S Pan, HL Wu, XR Wang, JD Nadiga, S Tripp, P Kistler, R Woollen, J Behringer, D Liu, HX Stokes, D Grumbine, R Gayno, G Wang, J Hou, YT Chuang, HY Juang, HMH Sela, J Iredell, M Treadon, R Kleist, D Van Delst, P Keyser, D Derber, J Ek, M Meng, J Wei, HL Yang, RQ Lord, S Van den Dool, H Kumar, A Wang, WQ Long, C Chelliah, M Xue, Y Huang, BY Schemm, JK Ebisuzaki, W Lin, R Xie, PP Chen, MY Zhou, ST Higgins, W Zou, CZ Liu, QH Chen, Y Han, Y Cucurull, L Reynolds, RW Rutledge, G Goldberg, M AF Saha, Suranjana Moorthi, Shrinivas Pan, Hua-Lu Wu, Xingren Wang, Jiande Nadiga, Sudhir Tripp, Patrick Kistler, Robert Woollen, John Behringer, David Liu, Haixia Stokes, Diane Grumbine, Robert Gayno, George Wang, Jun Hou, Yu-Tai Chuang, Hui-Ya Juang, Hann-Ming H. Sela, Joe Iredell, Mark Treadon, Russ Kleist, Daryl Van Delst, Paul Keyser, Dennis Derber, John Ek, Michael Meng, Jesse Wei, Helin Yang, Rongqian Lord, Stephen Van den Dool, Huug Kumar, Arun Wang, Wanqiu Long, Craig Chelliah, Muthuvel Xue, Yan Huang, Boyin Schemm, Jae-Kyung Ebisuzaki, Wesley Lin, Roger Xie, Pingping Chen, Mingyue Zhou, Shuntai Higgins, Wayne Zou, Cheng-Zhi Liu, Quanhua Chen, Yong Han, Yong Cucurull, Lidia Reynolds, Richard W. Rutledge, Glenn Goldberg, Mitch TI THE NCEP CLIMATE FORECAST SYSTEM REANALYSIS SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; VARIATIONAL STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; GLOBAL DATA ASSIMILATION; MICROWAVE SOUNDING UNIT; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; RECURSIVE FILTERS; NUMERICAL ASPECTS; NEURAL-NETWORK; COUPLED MODEL C1 [Saha, Suranjana; Moorthi, Shrinivas; Pan, Hua-Lu; Behringer, David; Stokes, Diane; Grumbine, Robert; Hou, Yu-Tai; Chuang, Hui-Ya; Juang, Hann-Ming H.; Sela, Joe; Iredell, Mark; Treadon, Russ; Keyser, Dennis; Derber, John; Ek, Michael; Lord, Stephen] NCEP NWS NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Van den Dool, Huug; Kumar, Arun; Wang, Wanqiu; Long, Craig; Chelliah, Muthuvel; Xue, Yan; Schemm, Jae-Kyung; Ebisuzaki, Wesley; Xie, Pingping; Chen, Mingyue; Higgins, Wayne] NCEP NWS NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Wu, Xingren; Wang, Jiande; Nadiga, Sudhir; Kistler, Robert; Woollen, John; Liu, Haixia; Gayno, George; Wang, Jun; Kleist, Daryl; Van Delst, Paul; Meng, Jesse; Wei, Helin; Yang, Rongqian] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Zou, Cheng-Zhi; Cucurull, Lidia; Goldberg, Mitch] NESDIS NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Liu, Quanhua] NASA NOAA, Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Rutledge, Glenn] NOAA NESDIS, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Tripp, Patrick] IM Syst Grp Inc, Rockville, MD USA. [Huang, Boyin; Lin, Roger] NOAA, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Raleigh, NC USA. [Huang, Boyin; Lin, Roger] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Zhou, Shuntai] Wyle Informat Syst, Mclean, VA USA. RP Saha, S (reprint author), NOAA Sci Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM suranjana.saha@noaa.gov RI Han, Yong/F-5590-2010; Goldberg, Mitch/F-5589-2010; Grumbine, Robert/B-9865-2008; Liu, Quanhua/B-6608-2008; Zou, Cheng-Zhi/E-3085-2010; Cucurull, Lidia/E-8900-2015; Kleist, Daryl /C-7771-2016; Chen, Yong/E-4321-2010 OI Han, Yong/0000-0002-0183-7270; Liu, Quanhua/0000-0002-3616-351X; Chen, Yong/0000-0002-0279-9405 FU U.S. Climate Program Office FX We acknowledge the U.S. Climate Program Office (reanalysis grant) for funding part of this project. We thank the staff of EMC, CPC, NCEP Central Operations (NCO), and NESDIS for their various contributions in completing this large endeavor in record time. We thank Kenneth E. Mitchell, now retired from NCEP/EMC, for his guidance in updating the land system used in the CFSR. We acknowledge the Geophysical Fluid Dynamical Laboratory (GFDL) for the ocean and sea ice model used in the CFSR. We thank George VandenBerghe, Carolyn Pasti, Doris Pan, Don Avart, Cameron Shelton, and others for their outstanding computer support. We acknowledge the efforts of Augustin Vintzileos (EMC) and Adrian Simmons (ECMWF) to give us the AMMA observations in time for use in the CFSR. The CFSR Science Advisory Board (chaired by Jeff Anderson) gave useful guidance at the start of the project. A very thorough and constructive internal review was provided by Glenn White (EMC). Reviews by Jeff Anderson, Michael Bosilovich, and Chet Ropelewski were very helpful. As with other reanalysis projects, this is the collective work of many people from many organizations. We express our gratitude to all of them. NR 142 TC 1356 Z9 1418 U1 23 U2 160 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 91 IS 8 BP 1015 EP 1057 DI 10.1175/2010BAMS3001.1 PG 43 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 648OV UT WOS:000281704700004 ER PT J AU Bougeault, P Toth, Z Bishop, C Brown, B Burridge, D Chen, DH Ebert, B Fuentes, M Hamill, TM Mylne, K Nicolau, J Paccagnella, T Park, YY Parsons, D Raoult, B Schuster, D Dias, PS Swinbank, R Takeuchi, Y Tennant, W Wilson, L Worley, S AF Bougeault, Philippe Toth, Zoltan Bishop, Craig Brown, Barbara Burridge, David Chen, De Hui Ebert, Beth Fuentes, Manuel Hamill, Thomas M. Mylne, Ken Nicolau, Jean Paccagnella, Tiziana Park, Young-Youn Parsons, David Raoult, Baudouin Schuster, Doug Dias, Pedro Silva Swinbank, Richard Takeuchi, Yoshiaki Tennant, Warren Wilson, Laurence Worley, Steve TI THE THORPEX INTERACTIVE GRAND GLOBAL ENSEMBLE SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 [Bougeault, Philippe; Fuentes, Manuel; Raoult, Baudouin] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Toth, Zoltan] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Bishop, Craig] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Brown, Barbara; Schuster, Doug; Worley, Steve] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Burridge, David; Parsons, David] World Meteorol Org, Geneva, Switzerland. [Chen, De Hui] Chinese Meteorol Adm, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Ebert, Beth] Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Hamill, Thomas M.] NOAA, Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Mylne, Ken; Swinbank, Richard; Tennant, Warren] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Paccagnella, Tiziana] Agenzia Reg Prevenz Ambiante Emili, Bologna, Italy. [Park, Young-Youn] Korean Meteorol Adm, Seoul, South Korea. [Dias, Pedro Silva] Natl Lab Sci Comp, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Dias, Pedro Silva] Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Takeuchi, Yoshiaki] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Tokyo, Japan. [Wilson, Laurence] Meteorol Serv Canada, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP Bougeault, P (reprint author), European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Shinfield Pk, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. EM philippe.bougeault@meteo.fr RI Leite da Silva Dias, Pedro/H-1183-2016; Toth, Zoltan/I-6624-2015 OI Leite da Silva Dias, Pedro/0000-0002-4051-2962; paccagnella, tiziana/0000-0001-6422-7341; Toth, Zoltan/0000-0002-9635-9194 NR 15 TC 120 Z9 122 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 91 IS 8 BP 1059 EP 1072 DI 10.1175/2010BAMS2853.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 648OV UT WOS:000281704700005 ER PT J AU Geernaert, G Businger, S Jeffery, C Dunn, T Elsberry, R MacGorman, D AF Geernaert, Gerald Businger, Steven Jeffery, Christopher Dunn, Thomas Elsberry, Russ MacGorman, Don TI USING NOVEL LIGHTNING DATA AND ADVANCED MODELING APPROACHES TO PREDICT MARITIME CYCLOGENESIS SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Geernaert, Gerald; Jeffery, Christopher] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Businger, Steven; Dunn, Thomas] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Elsberry, Russ] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [MacGorman, Don] NOAA NSSL, Norman, OK USA. RP Geernaert, G (reprint author), LANL MS T 006, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM geernaert@lanl.gov OI MacGorman, Donald/0000-0002-2395-8196 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 91 IS 8 BP 1091 EP 1093 DI 10.1175/2010BAMS2926.1 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 648OV UT WOS:000281704700008 ER PT J AU Ashford, J La Mesa, M Fach, BA Jones, C Everson, I AF Ashford, Julian La Mesa, Mario Fach, Bettina A. Jones, Christopher Everson, Inigo TI Testing early life connectivity using otolith chemistry and particle-tracking simulations SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; SOUTH SHETLAND ISLANDS; TOOTHFISH DISSOSTICHUS-ELEGINOIDES; ICEFISH CHAENOCEPHALUS-ACERATUS; KRILL EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; SCOTIA SEA ICEFISH; MARINE FISH; STOCK IDENTIFICATION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; OCEAN CIRCULATION AB We measured the otolith chemistry of adult Scotia Sea icefish (Chaenocephalus aceratus), a species with a long pelagic larval phase, along the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and compared the chemistry with simulated particle transport using a circulation model. Material laid down in otolith nuclei during early life showed (i) strong heterogeneity between the Antarctic Peninsula and South Georgia consistent with a population boundary, (ii) evidence of finer-scale heterogeneity between sampling areas on the Antarctic Peninsula, and (iii) similarity between the eastern and northern shelves of South Georgia, indicating a single, self-recruiting population there. Consistent with the otolith chemistry, simulations of the large-scale circulation predicted that particles released at depths of 100-300 m on the Antarctic Peninsula shelf during spring, corresponding to hatching of icefish larvae from benthic nests, are transported in the southern ACC, missing South Georgia but following trajectories along the southern Scotia Ridge instead. These results suggest that the timing of release and position of early life stages in the water column substantially influence the direction and extent of connectivity. Used in complement, the two techniques promise an innovative approach for generating and testing predictions to resolve early dispersal and connectivity of populations related to the physical circulation of oceanic systems. C1 [Ashford, Julian] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Quantitat Fisheries Ecol, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA. [La Mesa, Mario] CNR, ISMAR, Sez Ancona, I-60125 Ancona, Italy. [Fach, Bettina A.] Middle E Tech Univ, Inst Marine Sci, TR-33731 Erdemli, Turkey. [Jones, Christopher] NOAA, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Everson, Inigo] Anglia Polytech Univ, Environm Sci Res Ctr, Sch Appl Sci, Cambridge CB1 1PT, England. RP Ashford, J (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Quantitat Fisheries Ecol, 800 W 46th St, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA. EM jashford@odu.edu RI CNR, Ismar/P-1247-2014; Fach, Bettina/B-6003-2016 OI CNR, Ismar/0000-0001-5351-1486; Fach, Bettina/0000-0003-4688-1918 FU US National Science Foundation [NSF-OPP-0338294]; NOAA; Italian Programma Nazionale in Antartide and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; German National Science Foundation [FA-475/1-2] FX We thank the crew of the R/V Yuzhmorgeologiya and personnel from the NOAA Antarctic Marine Living Resources Program, who organized and implemented the Peninsula survey, and Tony North and the crew of the F/V Argos Galicia, who collected the samples from South Georgia. The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution kindly allowed us to use their Plasma Mass Spectrometry Facility, and Scot Bird-whistell provided crucial technical support. At Old Dominion University, Eileen Hofmann, John Klinck, and Cynthia Jones were instrumental in their advice and encouragement. We acknowledge the Associate Editor and two reviewers for many helpful comments that substantially improved the manuscript. Funding was through the US National Science Foundation (NSF-OPP-0338294) and the NOAA Antarctic Marine Living Resources Program, the Italian Programma Nazionale in Antartide and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, and the German National Science Foundation (FA-475/1-2). The computer facilities and resources for the particle simulations were provided by the Institute of Marine Sciences at the Middle East Technical University. NR 75 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 12 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 67 IS 8 BP 1303 EP 1315 DI 10.1139/F10-065 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 642JL UT WOS:000281208400009 ER PT J AU Spence, BC Hall, JD AF Spence, Brian C. Hall, James D. TI Spatiotemporal patterns in migration timing of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) smolts in North America SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID DE-FUCA STRAIT; EARLY MARINE SURVIVAL; ATLANTIC SALMON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PACIFIC SALMON; CHUM SALMON; PELAGIC ENVIRONMENT; SEAWARD MIGRATION AB The timing of ocean entry by salmon smolts is presumed adaptive to maximize survival during this critical life transition. We analyzed the peak timing, duration, and interannual variation in timing of smolt migrations for 53 coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) populations from central California to Kodiak Island, Alaska. The objective was to examine potential influences of both local watershed characteristics and larger-scale processes in the marine environment on smolt migration patterns. Multivariate analyses demonstrated a strong latitudinal gradient in migration patterns with trends toward later, shorter, and more predictable migrations with increasing latitude. Cluster analysis performed on migration descriptors indicated three major population groupings that coincide with major coastal oceanic regions in the northeast Pacific: a northern group from Kodiak Island to the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, a central group from the Queen Charlotte Islands south to the Columbia River, and a southern group from the Columbia River southward. These regional patterns transcended local variability associated with watershed characteristics and trap location, suggesting that the patterns reflect adaptation to differences in timing and relative predictability of favorable conditions in the marine environments that smolts enter. C1 [Spence, Brian C.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95062 USA. [Hall, James D.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Spence, BC (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95062 USA. EM Brian.Spence@noaa.gov FU Oregon State University; US Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Research Laboratory in Corvallis (ERL-C) FX We thank the following people who generously provided us with data or directed us to data sources used in this study: L. Shaul, J. Carlon, and G. Todd (Alaska Department of Fish and Game), S. Taylor and K Koski (National Marine Fisheries Service), B. Holtby and T. Perry (Fisheries and Oceans Canada), J. Mason, P. Hanratty, D. Seiler, and C. Baranski (Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife), J. Rodgers and A. McGie (Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife), W. Jones and S. Harris (California Department of Fish and Game), G. Fandrei (Cook Inlet Aquaculture Association), and D. Crone (Northern Southeast Regional Aquaculture Association). Portions of this research were funded through a cooperative agreement between Oregon State University and the US Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Research Laboratory in Corvallis (ERL-C). We gratefully acknowledge the individuals affiliated with ERL-C who assisted with statistical analysis, programming, and GIS support, including H. Lee, T. Vandetta, G. Baumgardner, J. Kern, and A. Herstrom. We also thank D. Rundio (National Marine Fisheries Service), T. Quinn (University of Washington), and an anonymous reviewer whose constructive comments greatly improved the manuscript. NR 81 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 22 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 67 IS 8 BP 1316 EP 1334 DI 10.1139/F10-060 PG 19 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 642JL UT WOS:000281208400010 ER PT J AU Hurst, KE Van Der Geest, A Lusk, M Mansfield, E Lehman, JH AF Hurst, Katherine E. Van Der Geest, Abram Lusk, Mark Mansfield, Elisabeth Lehman, John H. TI Quartz-crystal microbalance for in situ monitoring of laser cleaning of carbon nanotubes SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID SINGLE; PURIFICATION AB Photochemical changes of single-walled carbon nanotubes, graphite and amorphous carbon have been investigated with a quartz-crystal microbalance (QCM). The method of in situ measurements reduces our uncertainty that is attributable to environmental variables, such as relative humidity and temperature. At 248 nm, near the resonance of the pi-plasmon we expect the interaction of laser light and carbon nanotube material to exhibit relatively high absorptivity. We discuss the importance of the single-walled carbon nanotube surface plasmon in the reduction of carbon impurities. The QCM is a means to quantify laser damage with respect to irradiance, pulse width and exposure time. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hurst, Katherine E.; Van Der Geest, Abram; Mansfield, Elisabeth; Lehman, John H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Van Der Geest, Abram; Lusk, Mark] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Lehman, JH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM lehman@boulder.nist.gov RI Mansfield, Elisabeth/C-5258-2012 OI Mansfield, Elisabeth/0000-0003-2463-0966 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD AUG PY 2010 VL 48 IS 9 BP 2521 EP 2525 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2010.03.028 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 608LK UT WOS:000278585400018 ER PT J AU Lee, JY Wang, B Kang, IS Shukla, J Kumar, A Kug, JS Schemm, JKE Luo, JJ Yamagata, T Fu, X Alves, O Stern, B Rosati, T Park, CK AF Lee, June-Yi Wang, Bin Kang, I. -S. Shukla, J. Kumar, A. Kug, J. -S. Schemm, J. K. E. Luo, J. -J. Yamagata, T. Fu, X. Alves, O. Stern, B. Rosati, T. Park, C. -K. TI How are seasonal prediction skills related to models' performance on mean state and annual cycle? SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Coupled atmosphere-ocean model; Multi-model ensemble; Precipitation; Mean states; 1-Month lead seasonal prediction; Annual mean; Annual cycle; Monsoon rain domain; Asian-Australian monsoon; ENSO ID ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN MODEL; COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATIONS; TROPICAL RAINFALL; FORECAST SYSTEM; BASIC STATE; PREDICTABILITY AB Given observed initial conditions, how well do coupled atmosphere-ocean models predict precipitation climatology with 1-month lead forecast? And how do the models' biases in climatology in turn affect prediction of seasonal anomalies? We address these questions based on analysis of 1-month lead retrospective predictions for 21 years of 1981-2001 made by 13 state-of-the-art coupled climate models and their multi-model ensemble (MME). The evaluation of the precipitation climatology is based on a newly designed metrics that consists of the annual mean, the solstitial mode and equinoctial asymmetric mode of the annual cycle, and the rainy season characteristics. We find that the 1-month lead seasonal prediction made by the 13-model ensemble has skills that are much higher than those in individual model ensemble predictions and approached to those in the ERA-40 and NCEP-2 reanalysis in terms of both the precipitation climatology and seasonal anomalies. We also demonstrate that the skill for individual coupled models in predicting seasonal precipitation anomalies is positively correlated with its performances on prediction of the annual mean and annual cycle of precipitation. In addition, the seasonal prediction skill for the tropical SST anomalies, which are the major predictability source of monsoon precipitation in the current coupled models, is closely link to the models' ability in simulating the SST mean state. Correction of the inherent bias in the mean state is critical for improving the long-lead seasonal prediction. Most individual coupled models reproduce realistically the long-term annual mean precipitation and the first annual cycle (solstitial mode), but they have difficulty in capturing the second annual (equinoctial asymmetric) mode faithfully, especially over the Indian Ocean (IO) and Western North Pacific (WNP) where the seasonal cycle in SST has significant biases. The coupled models replicate the monsoon rain domains very well except in the East Asian subtropical monsoon and the tropical WNP summer monsoon regions. The models also capture the gross features of the seasonal march of the rainy season including onset and withdraw of the Asian-Australian monsoon system over four major sub-domains, but striking deficiencies in the coupled model predictions are observed over the South China Sea and WNP region, where considerable biases exist in both the amplitude and phase of the annual cycle and the summer precipitation amount and its interannual variability are underestimated. C1 [Lee, June-Yi; Wang, Bin; Fu, X.] Univ Hawaii, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Kang, I. -S.] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul, South Korea. [Shukla, J.] George Mason Univ, Arlington, VA USA. [Kumar, A.; Schemm, J. K. E.] NCEP NOAA Climate Predict Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Kug, J. -S.] Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Ansan, South Korea. [Luo, J. -J.; Yamagata, T.] FRCGC JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Alves, O.] Bur Meteorol Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Stern, B.; Rosati, T.] Princeton Univ, NOAA GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Park, C. -K.] Korean Meteorol Adm, Seoul, South Korea. RP Lee, JY (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Int Pacific Res Ctr, POST Bldg,Room 403B,1680 E-W Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM jylee@soest.hawaii.edu RI Lee, June-Yi/D-5752-2012; KUG, JONG-SEONG/A-8053-2013; 안, 민섭/D-9972-2015; Yamagata, Toshio/A-1807-2009; Luo, Jing-Jia/B-2481-2008 OI Luo, Jing-Jia/0000-0003-2181-0638 FU APEC Climate Center (APCC); Korean meteorological Administration Research and Development [CATER 2009-1146]; IPRC; JAMSTEC; NOAA [NNX07AG53G, NA09OAR4320075] FX This research was supported by APEC Climate Center (APCC) as a part of APCC International research project and the Korean meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under Grant CATER 2009-1146. Lee and Wang acknowledge support from IPRC, which is in part supported by JAMSTEC, NOAA (grant No. NNX07AG53G), and NOAA (grant No. NA09OAR4320075). This is the IPRC publication 703 and SOEST publication 7947. NR 57 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 35 IS 2-3 BP 267 EP 283 DI 10.1007/s00382-010-0857-4 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 629YQ UT WOS:000280237900001 ER PT J AU Lengaigne, M Vecchi, GA AF Lengaigne, Matthieu Vecchi, Gabriel A. TI Contrasting the termination of moderate and extreme El Nio events in coupled general circulation models SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO); Extreme events; IPCC-AR4 climate models; Coupled ocean-atmosphere mechanisms; Validation ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EASTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; WESTERLY WIND EVENTS; THERMOCLINE DEPTH; TROPICAL PACIFIC; SEASONAL CYCLE; NINO EVENTS; LA-NINA; ANOMALIES; ENSO AB As in the observed record, the termination of El Nio in the coupled IPCC-AR4 climate models involves meridional processes tied to the seasonal cycle. These meridional processes both precondition the termination of El Nio events in general and lead to a peculiar termination of extreme El Nio events (such as those of 1982-83 and 1997-98), in which the eastern equatorial Pacific warm sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) persist well into boreal spring/early-summer. The mechanisms controlling the peculiar termination of extreme El Nio events, which involves to the development of an equatorially centred intertropical convergence zone, are consistent across the four models that exhibit extreme El Nios and observational record, suggesting that this peculiar termination represents a general feature of extreme El Nios. Further, due to their unusual termination, extreme El Nios exhibit an apparent eastward propagation of their SSTA, which can strongly influence estimates of the apparent propagation of ENSO over multi-decadal periods. Interpreting these propagation changes as evidence of changes in the underlying dynamical feedbacks behind El Nio could therefore be misleading, given the strong influence of a single extreme event. C1 [Lengaigne, Matthieu] Inst Rech Dev, Lab Oceanog & Climatol, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Vecchi, Gabriel A.] NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Lengaigne, M (reprint author), Inst Rech Dev, Lab Oceanog & Climatol, Couloir 45-55,4eme Etage,Case 100,4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 05, France. EM lengaign@lodyc.jussieu.fr RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Lengaigne, Matthieu/K-4345-2013; Lengaigne, Matthieu/M-8321-2014 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Lengaigne, Matthieu/0000-0002-0044-036X NR 34 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 35 IS 2-3 BP 299 EP 313 DI 10.1007/s00382-009-0562-3 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 629YQ UT WOS:000280237900003 ER PT J AU Van Houtan, KS Bass, OL Lockwood, J Pimm, SL AF Van Houtan, Kyle S. Bass, Oron L., Jr. Lockwood, Julie Pimm, Stuart L. TI Importance of estimating dispersal for endangered bird management SO CONSERVATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Endangered species; long-distance dispersal; habitat fragmentation; translocation; Everglades National Park ID SABLE SEASIDE-SPARROW; LANDSCAPES; EVERGLADES; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; SUCCESS AB Endangered species recovery plans are frustrated by small, spatially structured populations where understanding the influence of birth, death, and dispersal is difficult. Here we use a spatially explicit, long-term study to describe dispersal in the Cape Sable seaside sparrow (Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis). Since 1990, this species declined > 50%. It occurs as several geographically isolated subpopulations in the Florida Everglades. We characterize dispersal, recognizing that our sampling, as well as the species' distribution, is spatially heterogeneous. The annual movements of juveniles and adults are statistically heavy-tailed. That is, while most individuals are recaptured locally, a significant portion exhibit long-distance dispersal. Individuals move between subpopulations to distances > 30 km. Not accounting for the spatial heterogeneity of sampling or the species range itself underestimates dispersal and can lead to ineffective management decisions. Recovery focused on translocation will be less successful than strategies that protect habitat and increase breeding. C1 NOAA Fisheries, Marine Turtle Assessment Program, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Van Houtan, Kyle S.] Emory Univ, Program Sci & Soc, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Van Houtan, Kyle S.; Pimm, Stuart L.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Bass, Oron L., Jr.] S Florida Nat Resources Ctr, Homestead, FL 33030 USA. [Lockwood, Julie] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Van Houtan, KS (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Marine Turtle Assessment Program, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM kyle.vanhoutan@gmail.com OI Van Houtan, Kyle/0000-0001-5725-1773 NR 28 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-263X J9 CONSERV LETT JI Conserv. Lett. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 3 IS 4 BP 260 EP 266 DI 10.1111/j.1755-263X.2010.00108.x PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 635BL UT WOS:000280630500007 ER PT J AU Lin, MH Bradley, PE Huber, ML Lewis, R Radebaugh, R Lee, YC AF Lin, M. -H. Bradley, P. E. Huber, Marcia L. Lewis, R. Radebaugh, R. Lee, Y. C. TI Mixed refrigerants for a glass capillary micro cryogenic cooler SO CRYOGENICS LA English DT Article DE Mixed refrigerant; Joule-Thomson micro cryogenic cooler ID MICROMINIATURE REFRIGERATION AB Optimized mixed refrigerants are applied in Joule-Thomson (JT) micro cryogenic coolers (MCC) to enhance efficiency. Mixed refrigerants deliver equivalent refrigeration power with much lower pressure ratio and flow rate compared to pure nitrogen refrigerant. To determine the behavior of mixtures in MCCs, the normal boiling points of the components, mixture solubility, and refrigeration loss due to pressure drop on the low-pressure side of the heat exchanger are evaluated. The MCC discussed here was designed to operate at 77 K with the heat exchanger warm end precooled to 240 K by a thermo-electric cooler. An optimized five-component mixed refrigerant was calculated to provide a minimum isothermal enthalpy difference of 1.35 kJ/mol between 77K and 240 K with a high pressure of 1.6 MPa and a low pressure of 0.1 MPa. Experimentally, a stable temperature of 140 K was achieved with a flow rate of 11 mu mol/s. A transient temperature of 76 K was observed. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lin, M. -H.; Lewis, R.; Lee, Y. C.] Univ Colorado, DARPA Ctr Integrated Micro Nanoelectromech Transd, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bradley, P. E.; Huber, Marcia L.; Radebaugh, R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lin, MH (reprint author), Univ Colorado, DARPA Ctr Integrated Micro Nanoelectromech Transd, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM muhong@colorado.edu FU DRAPA [NBCHC060052] FX The study is supported by DRAPA Micro Cryogenic Cooler program (NBCHC060052). The authors would like to express their appreciation to Dr. Chia C. Wang for her valuable discussion about experimental mixture behavior in cryogenic temperature, to Dr. J.C. Booth at NIST for his timely help in calibration of temperature sensors, and to Mr. H.-J. Wu for his support on assembly. NR 16 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0011-2275 J9 CRYOGENICS JI Cryogenics PD AUG PY 2010 VL 50 IS 8 BP 439 EP 442 DI 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2010.04.004 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA 642MG UT WOS:000281217900002 ER PT J AU Clarke, ML Burton, RL Hill, AN Litorja, M Nahm, MH Hwang, J AF Clarke, Matthew L. Burton, Robert L. Hill, A. Nayo Litorja, Maritoni Nahm, Moon H. Hwang, Jeeseong TI Low-Cost, High-Throughput, Automated Counting of Bacterial Colonies SO CYTOMETRY PART A LA English DT Article DE colony counting; pneumoniae; bacteria; vaccine; software; imaging; MOPA ID MAMMALIAN-CELL COLONIES; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; OPSONOPHAGOCYTIC ASSAY; FORMING-UNITS; PETRI DISHES; ANTIBODIES; ENUMERATION; CHILDREN; STRAINS; SERUM AB Research involving bacterial pathogens often requires enumeration of bacteria colonies. Here, we present a low-cost, high-throughput colony counting system consisting of colony counting software and a consumer-grade digital camera or document scanner. We demonstrate that this software, called "NICE" (NIST's Integrated Colony Enumerator), can count bacterial colonies as part of a high-throughput multiplexed opsonophagocytic killing assay used to characterize pneumococcal vaccine efficacy. The results obtained with NICE correlate well with the results obtained from manual counting, with a mean difference of less than 3%. NICE is also rapid; it can count colonies from multiple reaction wells within minutes and export the results to a spreadsheet for data processing. As this program is freely available from NIST, NICE should be helpful in bacteria colony enumeration required in many microbiological studies, and in standardizing colony counting methods. Published 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 [Clarke, Matthew L.; Hill, A. Nayo; Litorja, Maritoni; Hwang, Jeeseong] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Burton, Robert L.; Nahm, Moon H.] Univ Alabama, Dept Pathol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Burton, Robert L.; Nahm, Moon H.] Univ Alabama, Dept Microbiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Hwang, J (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, Phys Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Mailstop 8443, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jch@nist.gov OI Nahm, Moon/0000-0002-6922-1042 FU PATH; NIH [N01 AI-30021] FX Grant sponsor: PATH and NIH; Grant number: N01 AI-30021. NR 35 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4922 J9 CYTOM PART A JI Cytom. Part A PD AUG PY 2010 VL 77A IS 8 BP 790 EP 797 DI 10.1002/cyto.a.20864 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 632NX UT WOS:000280432500012 PM 20140968 ER PT J AU Walter, M Mertens, C Stober, U German, CR Yoerger, DR Sultenfuss, J Rhein, M Melchert, B Baker, ET AF Walter, Maren Mertens, Christian Stoeber, Uwe German, Christopher R. Yoerger, Dana R. Sueltenfuss, Juergen Rhein, Monika Melchert, Bernd Baker, Edward T. TI Rapid dispersal of a hydrothermal plume by turbulent mixing SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE Physical oceanography; Hydrothermal vents; Diapycnal mixing; Plume dispersal; Mid-Atlantic ridge; Rift valleys ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; INTERNAL GRAVITY-WAVES; NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS; TOPOGRAPHIC CONTROL; MIDOCEAN RIDGE; SOUTH ATLANTIC; THORPE SCALES; CROSS-FLOW; TEMPERATURE; DENSITY AB The water column imprint of the hydrothermal plume observed at the Nibelungen field (8 18'S 13 degrees 30'W) is highly variable in space and time. The off-axis location of the site, along the southern boundary of a non-transform ridge offset at the joint between two segments of the southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge, is characterized by complex, rugged topography, and thus favorable for the generation of internal tides, subsequent internal wave breaking, and associated vertical mixing in the water column. We have used towed transects and vertical profiles of stratification, turbidity, and direct current measurements to investigate the strength of turbulent mixing in the vicinity of the vent site and the adjacent rift valley, and its temporal and spatial variability in relation to the plume dispersal. Turbulent diffusivities K(rho) were calculated from temperature inversions via Thorpe scales. Heightened mixing (compared to open ocean values) was observed in the whole rift valley within an order of K(rho) around 10(-3) m(2) s(-1). The mixing close to the vent site was even more elevated, with an average of K(rho) = 4 x 10(-2) m(2) s(-1). The mixing, as well as the flow field, exhibited a strong tidal cycle, with strong currents and mixing at the non-buoyant plume level during ebb flow. Periods of strong mixing were associated with increased internal wave activity and frequent occurrence of turbulent overturns. Additional effects of mixing on plume dispersal include bifurcation of the particle plume, likely as a result of the interplay between the modulated mixing strength and current speed, as well as high frequency internal waves in the effluent plume layer, possibly triggered by the buoyant plume via nonlinear interaction with the elevated background turbulence or penetrative convection. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Walter, Maren; Mertens, Christian; Stoeber, Uwe; Sueltenfuss, Juergen; Rhein, Monika] Univ Bremen, Inst Umweltphys, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. [German, Christopher R.; Yoerger, Dana R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Melchert, Bernd] Leibniz Inst Marine Sci IfM GEOMAR, D-24148 Kiel, Germany. [Baker, Edward T.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Walter, M (reprint author), Univ Bremen, Inst Umweltphys, PB 330440, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. EM mwalter@physik.uni.bremen.de RI Rhein, Monika/P-1969-2016 OI Rhein, Monika/0000-0003-1496-2828 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SPP1144]; NOAA [OE-2006-218] FX We thank the officers and crews and fellow scientists of the Meteor during the cruises M62/5 and M68/1, and Alan Duester and Andrew Billings from the ABE team. Frank Zielinski took care of the MAPR during M62/5. Constructive comments and criticism from three anonymous reviewers helped to improve the manuscript. This work was supported by the Priority Program SPP1144 of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; this is SPP 1144 contribution number 51. Funding for the ABE team from WHOI was provided by Grant # OE-2006-218 from NOAA's Ocean Exploration Program; funding for the MAPR work was provided by NOAA's Vents Program. NR 54 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 57 IS 8 BP 931 EP 945 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2010.04.010 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 630IW UT WOS:000280267600001 ER PT J AU Lyle, JR AF Lyle, James R. TI If error rate is such a simple concept, why don't I have one for my forensic tool yet? SO DIGITAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual DFRWS Conference CY AUG 02-04, 2010 CL Portland, OR AB The Daubert decision motivates attempts to establish error rates for digital forensic tools. Many scientific procedures have been devised that can answer simple questions. For example, does a soil sample contain component X? A procedure can be followed that gives an answer with known rates of error. Usually the error rate of a process that tries to detect something is associated with a random component of some measurement. Typically there are two types of error, type I, also called a false positive (detecting it when it is not really there), and type II, also called a false negative (missing it when it really is there). At first thought, an error rate for a forensic acquisition tool or a write blocking tool is a simple concept. An obvious possibility for the error rate of an acquisition is k/n, where n is the total number of bits acquired and k is the number of incorrectly acquired bits. However, the kinds of errors in the soil test and in digital acquisition are fundamentally different. The errors in the soil test can be modeled with a random distribution that can be treated statistically, but the errors that occur in a digital acquisition are systematic and triggered by specific conditions. The purpose of this paper is not to define any error rates for forensic tools, but identification of some of the basic issues to stimulate discussion and further work on the topic. (C) 2010 Digital Forensic Research Workshop. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lyle, JR (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8970, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jlyle@nist.gov NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-2876 J9 DIGIT INVEST JI Digit. Investig. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 7 SU 1 BP S135 EP S139 DI 10.1016/j.diin.2010.05.017 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 639XP UT WOS:000281010700017 ER PT J AU Dizdaroglu, M AF Dizdaroglu, Miral TI Oxidative DNA Damage, DNA Repair Enzyme NEIL1, Polymorphisms and Cancer SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 9th International Meeting of the International-Society-for-the-Study-of-Xenobiotics(ISSX) CY SEP 04-08, 2010 CL Istanbul, TURKEY SP Int Soc Study Xenobiot C1 [Dizdaroglu, Miral] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 42 SU 1 BP 22 EP 22 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 641RP UT WOS:000281147700041 ER PT J AU Turko, IV Liao, WL Heo, GY Reem, RE Dodder, NG DiPatre, PL Pikuleva, IA AF Turko, Illarion V. Liao, Wei-Li Heo, Gun-Young Reem, Rachel E. Dodder, Nathan G. DiPatre, Pier Luigi Pikuleva, Irina A. TI Absolute Quantification of CYP27A1 and CYP46A1 in the Human Brain and Retina SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 9th International Meeting of the International-Society-for-the-Study-of-Xenobiotics(ISSX) CY SEP 04-08, 2010 CL Istanbul, TURKEY SP Int Soc Study Xenobiot C1 [Turko, Illarion V.; Liao, Wei-Li] Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Heo, Gun-Young; Reem, Rachel E.; Pikuleva, Irina A.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Dodder, Nathan G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [DiPatre, Pier Luigi] Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 42 SU 1 BP 71 EP 71 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 641RP UT WOS:000281147700127 ER PT J AU Lee, T Awaji, T Balmaseda, M Ferry, N Fujii, Y Fukumori, I Giese, B Heimbach, P Kohl, A Masina, S Remy, E Rosati, A Schodlok, M Stammer, D Weaver, A AF Lee, Tong Awaji, Toshiyuki Balmaseda, Magdalena Ferry, Nicolas Fujii, Yosuke Fukumori, Ichiro Giese, Benjamin Heimbach, Patrick Koehl, Armin Masina, Simona Remy, Elisabeth Rosati, Anthony Schodlok, Michael Stammer, Detlef Weaver, Anthony TI Consistency and fidelity of Indonesian-throughflow total volume transport estimated by 14 ocean data assimilation products SO DYNAMICS OF ATMOSPHERES AND OCEANS LA English DT Article DE Indonesian throughflow; Ocean data assimilation ID GLOBAL OCEAN; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION MODEL; CLIMATE SYSTEM; NORTH-ATLANTIC; PACIFIC; TEMPERATURE; GCM AB Monthly averaged total volume transport of the Indonesian throughflow (ITF) estimated by 14 global ocean data assimilation (ODA) products that are decade to multi-decade long are compared among themselves and with observations from the INSTANT Program (2004-2006). The main goals of the comparisons are to examine the consistency and evaluate the skill of different ODA products in simulating ITF transport. The ensemble averaged, time-mean value of ODA estimates is 13.6 Sv (1 Sv = 10(6) m(3)/s) for the common 1993-2001 period and 13.9 Sv for the 2004-2006 INSTANT Program period. These values are close to the 15-Sv estimate derived from INSTANT observations. All hut one ODA time-mean estimate fall within the range of uncertainty of the INSTANT estimate. In terms of temporal variability, the scatter among different ODA estimates averaged over time is 1.7 Sv, which is substantially smaller than the magnitude of the temporal variability simulated by the ODA systems. Therefore, the overall "signal-to-noise" ratio for the ensemble estimates is larger than one. The best consistency among the products occurs on seasonal-to-interannual time scales, with generally stronger (weaker) ITF during boreal summer (winter) and during La Nina (El Nino) events. The scatter among different products for seasonal-to-interannual time scales is approximately 1 Sv. Despite the good consistency, systematic difference is found between most ODA products and the INSTANT observations. All but the highest-resolution (18 km) ODA product show a dominant annual cycle while the INSTANT estimate and the 18-km product exhibit a strong semi-annual signal. The coarse resolution is an important factor that limits the level of agreement between ODA and INSTANT estimates. Decadal signals with periods of 10-15 years are seen. The most conspicuous and consistent decadal change is a relatively sharp increase in ITF transport during 1993-2000 associated with the strengthening tropical Pacific trade wind. Most products do not show a weakening ITF after the mid-1970s' associated with the weakened Pacific trade wind. The scatter of ODA estimates is smaller after than before 1980, reflecting the impact of the enhanced observations after the 1980s. To assess the representativeness of using the average over a three-year period (e.g., the span of the INSTANT Program) to describe longer-term mean, we investigate the temporal variations of the three-year low-pass ODA estimates. The average variation is about 3.6 Sv, which is largely due to the increase of ITF transport from 1993 to 2000. However, the three-year average during the 2004-2006 INSTANT Program period is within 0.5 Sv of the long-term mean for the past few decades. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, Tong; Fukumori, Ichiro; Schodlok, Michael] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Awaji, Toshiyuki] Kyoto Univ, Kyoto, Japan. [Balmaseda, Magdalena] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecast, Reading, Berks, England. [Ferry, Nicolas; Remy, Elisabeth] Mercator Ocean, Toulouse, France. [Fujii, Yosuke] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Giese, Benjamin] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Heimbach, Patrick] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Koehl, Armin; Stammer, Detlef] Univ Hamburg, Inst Meereskunde, Hamburg, Germany. [Masina, Simona] Ctr Euro Mediterraneo & Cambiamenti Climat, Bologna, Italy. [Masina, Simona] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Bologna, Italy. [Rosati, Anthony] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Weaver, Anthony] Ctr Europeen Rech & Format Avancee Calcul Sci, Toulouse, France. RP Lee, T (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Tong.Lee@jpl.nasa.gov RI Masina, Simona/B-4974-2012; Heimbach, Patrick/K-3530-2013; Kohl, Armin/I-9378-2014 OI Heimbach, Patrick/0000-0003-3925-6161; Kohl, Armin/0000-0002-9777-674X FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) FX We would like to thank Dr. Janet Sprintall for providing the monthly values of total ITF transport estimate derived from INSTANT observations. The contributions of ITF transport estimates from assimilation groups listed in Table 1 are appreciated. We would also like to acknowledge Drs. Peter Hacker, Jim Potemra, and Ms. Sharon DeCarlo of the Asian-Pacific Data-Research Center, University of Hawaii for assisting the CLIVAR/GODAE Global Ocean Reanalysis Evaluation effort by providing a data repository and managing the files contributed by various ocean data assimilation groups. The research described in this paper was in part carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). NR 55 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0265 J9 DYNAM ATMOS OCEANS JI Dyn. Atmos. Oceans PD AUG PY 2010 VL 50 IS 2 SI SI BP 201 EP 223 DI 10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2009.12.004 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 628AO UT WOS:000280086600007 ER PT J AU Tipping, PW Martin, MR Bauer, L Pokorny, E Center, TD AF Tipping, Philip W. Martin, Melissar R. Bauer, Laurie Pokorny, Eileen Center, Ted D. TI Asymmetric impacts of two herbivore ecotypes on similar host plants SO ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cyrtobagous salviniae; ecotype; local adaptation; Salvinia minima; Salvinia molesta ID FLOATING WEED SALVINIA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; CYRTOBAGOUS-SALVINIAE; HUSTACHE COLEOPTERA; RAPID EVOLUTION; MOLESTA; SIZE; ECOSYSTEMS; CURCULIONIDAE AB 1. Ecotypes may arise following allopatric separation from source populations. The simultaneous transfer of an exotic plant to a novel environment, along with its stenophagous herbivore, may complicate more traditional patterns of divergence from the plant and insect source populations. 2. The present study evaluated herbivory effects by two Cyrtobagous salviniae ecotypes on two species of Salvinia: the larger S. molesta and the smaller S. minima. Evaluations were based on relative growth rates, biomass production, coverage, and nutrient cycling in a series of complementary and comparative laboratory and outdoor tank experiments. 3. In general, the experiment results indicated that the smaller Florida ecotype of C. salviniae impacted both Salvinia species more than the larger Brazil ecotype. Herbivory, especially by the Florida ecotype, also improved water quality and accelerated nutrient cycling by increasing the rates of litterfall from the standing crops of salvinia. 4. The smaller size of the Florida ecotype may be adaptive by allowing maximal exploitation of host plants via internal larval feeding, which presumably reduces predation risk while increasing damage to the plant. These findings provide support for relying on the suppressive effects of the Florida ecotype in Florida, rather than introducing the Brazil ecotype to counter new infestations of S. molesta. C1 [Tipping, Philip W.; Pokorny, Eileen; Center, Ted D.] ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Martin, Melissar R.] USA, Corps Engineers, Miami, FL USA. [Bauer, Laurie] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coast Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Tipping, PW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM philip.tipping@ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0307-6946 J9 ECOL ENTOMOL JI Ecol. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 35 IS 4 BP 469 EP 476 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2311.2010.01203.x PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 619PA UT WOS:000279440900008 ER PT J AU Lebrato, M Iglesias-Rodriguez, D Feely, RA Greeley, D Jones, DOB Suarez-Bosche, N Lampitt, RS Cartes, JE Green, DRH Alker, B AF Lebrato, Mario Iglesias-Rodriguez, Debora Feely, Richard A. Greeley, Dana Jones, Daniel O. B. Suarez-Bosche, Nadia Lampitt, Richard S. Cartes, Joan E. Green, Darryl R. H. Alker, Belinda TI Global contribution of echinoderms to the marine carbon cycle: CaCO3 budget and benthic compartments SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE benthic compartments; CaCO3 budget; carbon cycle; carbonate production; echinoderms; ocean acidification; standing stock ID AMORPHOUS CALCIUM-CARBONATE; STAR OPHIOTHRIX-FRAGILIS; PORCUPINE ABYSSAL-PLAIN; ACANTHASTER-PLANCI L; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; MASS MORTALITY; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; NORTHEAST ATLANTIC; INORGANIC CARBON AB The contribution of carbonate-producing benthic organisms to the global marine carbon budget has been overlooked, the prevailing view being that calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is predominantly produced and exported by marine plankton in the "biological pump.'' Here, we provide the first estimation of the global contribution of echinoderms to the marine inorganic and organic carbon cycle, based on organism-level measurements from species of the five echinoderm classes. Echinoderms' global CaCO3 contribution amounts to similar to 0.861 Pg CaCO3/yr (0.102 Pg C/yr of inorganic carbon) as a production rate, and similar to 2.11 Pg CaCO3 (0.25 Pg C of inorganic carbon) as a standing stock from the shelves, slopes, and abyssal depths. Echinoderm inorganic carbon production (0.102 Pg C/yr) is less than the global pelagic production (0.4-1.8 Pg C/yr) and similar to the estimates for carbonate shelves globally (0.024-0.120 Pg C/yr). Echinoderm CaCO3 production per unit area is similar to 27.01 g CaCO3.m(-2).yr(-1) (3.24 g C.m(-2).yr(-1) as inorganic carbon) on a global scale for all areas, with a standing stock of similar to 63.34 g CaCO3/m(2) (7.60 g C/m(2) as inorganic carbon), and similar to 7.97 g C/m(2) as organic carbon. The shelf production alone is 77.91 g CaCO3.m(-2).yr(-1) (9.35 g C.m(-2).yr(-1) as inorganic carbon) in contrast to 2.05 g CaCO3.m(-2).yr(-1) (0.24 g C.m(-2).yr(-1) as inorganic carbon) for the slope on a global scale. The biogeography of the CaCO3 standing stocks of echinoderms showed strong latitudinal variability. More than 80% of the global CaCO3 production from echinoderms occurs between 0 and 800 m, with the highest contribution attributed to the shelf and upper slope. We provide a global distribution of echinoderm populations in the context of global calcite saturation horizons, since undersaturated waters with respect to mineral phases are surfacing. This shallowing is a direct consequence of ocean acidification, and in some places it may reach the shelf and upper slope permanently, where the highest CaCO3 standing stocks from echinoderms originate. These organism-level data contribute substantially to the assessment of global carbonate inventories, which at present are poorly estimated. Additionally, it is desirable to include these benthic compartments in coupled global biogeochemical models representing the "biological pump'' and its feedbacks, since at present all efforts have focused on pelagic processes, dominated by coccolithophores. The omission of the benthic processes from modeling will only diminish the understanding of elemental fluxes at large scales and any future prediction of climate change scenarios. C1 [Lebrato, Mario; Iglesias-Rodriguez, Debora; Suarez-Bosche, Nadia] Univ Southampton, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. [Feely, Richard A.; Greeley, Dana] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Cartes, Joan E.] CSIC, Inst Ciencies Mar Barcelona, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain. RP Lebrato, M (reprint author), Leibniz Inst Marine Sci, IFM GEOMAR, Dept Marine Biogeochem, Dusternbrooker Weg 20, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. EM mlebrato@ifm-geomar.de RI Jones, Daniel/A-3412-2009 OI Jones, Daniel/0000-0001-5218-1649 FU EU FX We are very grateful to Craig Young at the University of Oregon (NSF grant OCE-0527139), who provided echinoid samples, and David Billett at the National Oceanography Centre (University of Southampton) for providing asteroid and ophiuroid samples. Thanks also to Mariano Lebrato and Emilia Camblor for helping in the collection of samples in Asturias (Spain). Crinoid samples were obtained from the project "BIOMARE, ref. CTM2006-13508-CO2-02/MAR.'' Thanks to Thomas Mosch and Stefan Sommer at the IFM-GEOMAR for providing an image of ophiuroids in the Peruvian slope, and to the SERPENT project for allowing the use of ophiuroid images from Shetland and the Norwegian Sea. Thanks also to Ian Harding at the National Oceanography Centre (University of Southampton) and Christopher J. MacLeod at the University of Cardiff for providing images of echinoderm remains in the sediments and in sediment cores, respectively. We are also grateful to Laia Beni-Casadella and Miquel Canals in the GRC-GM (Grup de Recerca Consolidat en Geociencies Marines, Universitat de Barcelona) and the Hotspot Ecosystem Research on the Margins of European Seas project (HERMES), for providing images of echinoderm remains in the deep sea (from the EUROLEON cruise REN2002-11216E). The comments and suggestions of Ian M. West helped to write the geological aspects of this paper. This work was funded by the grant "EU Becas Mineras. Expediente no. 19997 to Mario Lebrato.'' NR 195 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 46 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9615 EI 1557-7015 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 80 IS 3 BP 441 EP 467 DI 10.1890/09-0553.1 PG 27 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 624FF UT WOS:000279801300005 ER PT J AU Buckley, LB Urban, MC Angilletta, MJ Crozier, LG Rissler, LJ Sears, MW AF Buckley, Lauren B. Urban, Mark C. Angilletta, Michael J. Crozier, Lisa G. Rissler, Leslie J. Sears, Michael W. TI Can mechanism inform species' distribution models? SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Review DE Biophysical model; climate change; climate envelope model; demography; fundamental niche; physiology; realized niche; species' range model ID LIZARD SCELOPORUS-UNDULATUS; GLOBAL LAND AREAS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RANGE SHIFTS; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTIONS; CHANGING ENVIRONMENTS; BIOTIC INTERACTIONS; IMPROVE PREDICTION; WIDESPREAD LIZARD; LANDSCAPE SCALE AB P>Two major approaches address the need to predict species distributions in response to environmental changes. Correlative models estimate parameters phenomenologically by relating current distributions to environmental conditions. By contrast, mechanistic models incorporate explicit relationships between environmental conditions and organismal performance, estimated independently of current distributions. Mechanistic approaches include models that translate environmental conditions into biologically relevant metrics (e.g. potential duration of activity), models that capture environmental sensitivities of survivorship and fecundity, and models that use energetics to link environmental conditions and demography. We compared how two correlative and three mechanistic models predicted the ranges of two species: a skipper butterfly (Atalopedes campestris) and a fence lizard (Sceloporus undulatus). Correlative and mechanistic models performed similarly in predicting current distributions, but mechanistic models predicted larger range shifts in response to climate change. Although mechanistic models theoretically should provide more accurate distribution predictions, there is much potential for improving their flexibility and performance. C1 [Buckley, Lauren B.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Urban, Mark C.] Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Angilletta, Michael J.] Indiana State Univ, Dept Biol, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA. [Crozier, Lisa G.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Rissler, Leslie J.] Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Sears, Michael W.] Bryn Mawr Coll, Dept Biol, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010 USA. RP Buckley, LB (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, CB 3280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM buckley@bio.unc.edu RI Crozier, Lisa/E-2248-2012; OI Buckley, Lauren/0000-0003-1315-3818 FU National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS); NSF [DEB-0553768]; University of California, Santa Barbara; State of California; National Evolutionary Synthesis Center; National Science Foundation [EF-0423641] FX This work was conducted as part of the Species Range Dynamics Working Group supported by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS), a Center funded by NSF (grant no. DEB-0553768), the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the State of California, and the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center, a Center funded by the National Science Foundation (grant no. EF-0423641). Additional support was provided to L.B.B and M.C.U. as NCEAS Postdoctoral Associates. Thanks to L. Ries for providing data from the 4th of July Butterfly Counts and S. Menke for assistance. Thanks to R. Holt, T. Keitt, J. Kingsolver, W. Porter, and other working group members for helpful comments and discussions and to anonymous referees for constructive comments. NR 75 TC 220 Z9 221 U1 23 U2 199 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 13 IS 8 BP 1041 EP 1054 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01479.x PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 625ZC UT WOS:000279934400011 PM 20482574 ER PT J AU Bruno, TJ Smith, BL AF Bruno, Thomas J. Smith, Beverly L. TI Evaluation of the Physicochemical Authenticity of Aviation Kerosene Surrogate Mixtures. Part 1: Analysis of Volatility with the Advanced Distillation Curve SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID FUEL JET-A; DECREASED PARTICULATE-EMISSIONS; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION KINETICS; ROCKET PROPELLANTS RP-1; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; DIESEL FUEL; BIODIESEL FUEL; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; TURBINE FUELS; N-DODECANE AB Because of the complexities involved in measuring and modeling the performance and properties of finished fuels, the fuel science community must often use surrogate mixtures as substitutes, especially in the absence of consensus standard mixtures. While surrogate mixtures are often formulated on the basis of the ability of a particular mixture to reproduce a particular property, there is usually a desire to employ surrogate mixtures that are physicochemically authentic. This means that, provided that the primary purpose is satisfied, researchers are inclined to choose mixtures that have physical and chemical properties appropriate to the finished fuel. In this paper, we apply the advanced distillation curve method as a means to evaluate the physicochemical authenticity of surrogate mixtures. While the strategy outlined here can be used for any family of surrogates, we apply it to surrogate mixtures for Jet-A/JP-8. Mixtures were divided into two groups: (1) simple surrogate mixtures with up to three components and (2) complex surrogate mixtures with more than three components. We found that the modified Aachen surrogate (among the simple fluids) and the Schultz surrogate (among the complex fluids) had the best physicochemical authenticity. C1 [Bruno, Thomas J.; Smith, Beverly L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [MIPR-FIATA09114G004-000-000]; NIST FX The financial support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (MIPR-FIATA09114G004-000-000) is gratefully acknowledged. We acknowledge the Air Force Research Laboratory, Propulsion Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, for providing the samples of Jet-A. B.L.S. acknowledges a Professional Research Experiences Program (PREP) and Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) at NIST. NR 82 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD AUG PY 2010 VL 24 BP 4266 EP 4276 DI 10.1021/ef100496j PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 640DY UT WOS:000281029700021 ER PT J AU Bruno, TJ Huber, ML AF Bruno, Thomas J. Huber, Marcia L. TI Evaluation of the Physicochemical Authenticity of Aviation Kerosene Surrogate Mixtures. Part 2: Analysis and Prediction of Thermophysical Properties SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; REFRIGERANT MIXTURES; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; N-DODECANE; STATE; MODEL; VISCOSITY; FUEL; EQUATION AB In part 1 (10.1021/ef100496j) of this series of two papers, we presented an evaluation strategy that can be applied to surrogate mixtures for finished fuels. This strategy uses the advanced distillation curve approach to evaluate the surrogate in terms of physicochemical authenticity or how well the surrogate represents the chemical and physical properties of the finished fuel. While this protocol can be applied to any surrogate family, of particular interest here are surrogates for Jet-A/JP-8. The volatility was studied in detail as described in part 1(10.1021/ef100496j), whereas here, we focus on density, speed of sound, and viscosity. We calculated these properties for the common Jet-A/JP-8 surrogates and Jet-A, with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) REFPROP program (which incorporates equations of state and a transport property model). We then used REFPROP as a surrogate mixture design tool and developed a simple, three-component surrogate mixture (n-dodecane, n-tetradecane, and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene with mass fractions of 0.31, 0.38, and 0.31, respectively). This mixture was subsequently formulated in the laboratory and measured with the advanced distillation curve approach. We found the agreement with the theory to be excellent (within 1.5 degrees C), and we also found that the ability of such a simple mixture to represent Jet-A/JP-8 was also excellent. Comparisons made to the calculated density, speed of sound, and viscosity were also excellent. C1 [Bruno, Thomas J.; Huber, Marcia L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [MIPR-FIATA09114G004-000-000] FX The financial support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (MIPR-FIATA09114G004-000-000) is gratefully acknowledged. We acknowledge the Air Force Research Laboratory, Propulsion Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, for providing the samples of Jet-A. NR 37 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD AUG PY 2010 VL 24 BP 4277 EP 4284 DI 10.1021/ef1004978 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 640DY UT WOS:000281029700022 ER PT J AU Liu, M Robey-Bond, S Galick, H Dizdaroglu, M Sweasy, J Wallace, SS AF Liu, M. Robey-Bond, S. Galick, H. Dizdaroglu, M. Sweasy, J. Wallace, S. S. TI Processing and Consequences of Oxidative DNA Damage SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of Environmental-Mutagen-Society CT 41st Annual Meeting of Complex Systems in Biology and Risk Assessment CY OCT 23-27, 2010 CY OCT 23-27, 2010 CL Ft Worth, TX CL Ft Worth, TX SP Environ Mutagen Soc SP Environ Mutagen Soc C1 [Liu, M.; Robey-Bond, S.; Galick, H.; Sweasy, J.; Wallace, S. S.] Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT USA. [Dizdaroglu, M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-6692 EI 1098-2280 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 51 IS 7 BP 697 EP 697 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 639XE UT WOS:000281009600051 ER PT J AU Ahrenholz, DW Morris, JA AF Ahrenholz, Dean W. Morris, James A., Jr. TI Larval duration of the lionfish, Pterois volitans along the Bahamian Archipelago SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Larval duration; Settlement mark; Daily increments; Invasive species; Lionfish ID TROPICAL REEF FISHES; INDO-PACIFIC LIONFISH; SETTLEMENT-MARKS; VALIDATION; OTOLITHS AB Larval duration of the non-native Indo-Pacific lionfish was estimated from samples collected along the Bahamian Archipelago using sagittal otoliths. Settlement marks, characterized by daily growth increments with reduced coloration, less definitive margins, and a re-orientation of the growth axes and otolith shape, were determined for 28 individuals. Settlement age was between 20 and 35 days with a mean of 26.2 days. Comparisons of settlement age to other littoral and reef fish species suggest that lionfish settlement age is moderate to relatively low. Lionfish pelagic larval duration is apparently sufficient to allow their rapid establishment and wide geographic range in the western Atlantic and Caribbean. C1 [Morris, James A., Jr.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Ahrenholz, Dean W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Morris, JA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM james.morris@noaa.gov FU Reef Environmental Education Foundation FX Many individuals aided in the gathering and processing of materials and in the preparation of this manuscript; but the authors accept sole responsibility for content. D. Squires sectioned, ground, and polished otoliths for our analysis. Members of the Reef Environmental Education Foundation, specifically L. Akins, heavily supported this research through collection of specimens. We thank the Department of Marine Resources, The Bahamas for permitting the collection of lionfish in Bahamian waters. Drafts of this manuscript were improved significantly by comments by R. Munoz, G. B. Martin, B. Victor, T. Kellison, J. Govoni and three anonymous reviewers. NR 27 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 56 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD AUG PY 2010 VL 88 IS 4 BP 305 EP 309 DI 10.1007/s10641-010-9647-4 PG 5 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 620LQ UT WOS:000279501800001 ER PT J AU Schwacke, LH Twiner, MJ De Guise, S Balmer, BC Wells, RS Townsend, FI Rotstein, DC Varela, RA Hansen, LJ Zolman, ES Spradlin, TR Levin, M Leibrecht, H Wang, ZH Rowles, TK AF Schwacke, Lori H. Twiner, Michael J. De Guise, Sylvain Balmer, Brian C. Wells, Randall S. Townsend, Forrest I. Rotstein, David C. Varela, Rene A. Hansen, Larry J. Zolman, Eric S. Spradlin, Trevor R. Levin, Milton Leibrecht, Heather Wang, Zhihong Rowles, Teresa K. TI Eosinophilia and biotoxin exposure in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from a coastal area impacted by repeated mortality events SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Marine mammal; Biotoxin; Domoic acid; Immunology; Eosinophil ID LIONS ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; BLOOD COLLECTION CARDS; DOMOIC ACID TOXICITY; INDIAN RIVER LAGOON; SEA LIONS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; RED TIDES; FLORIDA; HEALTH; BREVETOXINS AB Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) inhabiting coastal waters in the northern Gulf of Mexico have been impacted by recurrent unusual mortality events over the past few decades. Several of these mortality events along the Florida panhandle have been tentatively attributed to poisoning from brevetoxin produced by the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis. While dolphins in other regions of the Florida coast are often exposed to K. brevis blooms, large-scale dolphin mortality events are relatively rare and the frequency and magnitude of die-offs along the Panhandle raise concern for the apparent vulnerability of dolphins in this region. We report results from dolphin health assessments conducted near St. Joseph Bay, Florida, an area impacted by 3 unusual die-offs within a 7-year time span. An eosinophilia syndrome, manifested as an elevated blood eosinophil count without obvious cause, was observed in 23% of sampled dolphins. Elevated eosinophil counts were associated with decreased T-lymphocyte proliferation and increased neutrophil phagocytosis. In addition, indication of chronic low-level exposure to another algal toxin, domoic acid produced by the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia spp., was determined. Previous studies of other marine mammal populations exposed recurrently to Pseudo-nitzschia blooms have suggested a possible link between the eosinophilia and domoic acid exposure. While the chronic eosinophilia syndrome could over the long-term produce organ damage and alter immunological status and thereby increase vulnerability to other challenges, the significance of the high prevalence of the syndrome to the observed mortality events in the St. Joseph Bay area is unclear. Nonetheless, the unusual immunological findings and concurrent evidence of domoic acid exposure in this sentinel marine species suggest a need for further investigation to elucidate potential links between chronic, low-level exposure to algal toxins and immune health. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Schwacke, Lori H.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Human Hlth Risks, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Twiner, Michael J.; Zolman, Eric S.; Wang, Zhihong] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [De Guise, Sylvain; Levin, Milton; Leibrecht, Heather] Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Balmer, Brian C.; Wells, Randall S.] Chicago Zool Soc, Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL USA. [Townsend, Forrest I.] Bayside Hosp Anim, Ft Walton Beach, FL 32547 USA. [Rotstein, David C.; Spradlin, Trevor R.; Rowles, Teresa K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Protected Resources, Marine Mammal Hlth & Stranding Response Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Varela, Rene A.] Ocean Embassy Inc, Orlando, FL 32809 USA. [Hansen, Larry J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Schwacke, LH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Human Hlth Risks, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM Lori.Schwacke@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Chicago Zoological Society; University of North Carolina, Wilmington (UNCW) FX This work was conducted as a partnership of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Chicago Zoological Society and the University of North Carolina, Wilmington (UNCW). Funding for the dolphin health assessment fieldwork was provided by NOAA's Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program and conducted under Permit No. 932-1489 (as amended) issued by NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service. Protocols for the dolphin capture-release and tagging were approved by the UNCW Internal Animal Care and Use Committee, Permit No. 2004-012. NR 46 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 110 IS 6 SI SI BP 548 EP 555 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2010.05.003 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 634HN UT WOS:000280571600003 PM 20537621 ER PT J AU Rim, DH Wallace, L Persily, A AF Rim, Donghyun Wallace, Lance Persily, Andrew TI Infiltration of Outdoor Ultrafine Panicles into a Test House SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE NUMBER; AIR-POLLUTION; OCCUPIED TOWNHOUSE; DEPOSITION RATES; INDOOR SOURCES; PENETRATION; EXPOSURE; MODEL; MASS; SIZE AB Ultrafine particles (UFP) (<100 nm) have been related to adverse human health effects such as oxidative stress and cardiovascular mortality. However, human exposure to particles of outdoor origin is heavily dependent on their infiltration into homes. The infiltration factor (F(inf)) and its variation as a function of several factors becomes of enormous importance in epidemiological studies. The objective of this study is to investigate the transport of UFP into a residential building and to determine the functional dependence of infiltration on particle size and air change rate. A secondary objective was to estimate the values of the penetration coefficient P and composite deposition rate k(comp) that enter into the definition of F(inf). Using continuous measurements of indoor and outdoor concentrations of size-resolved particles ranging from 5 to 100 nm in a manufactured test house, particle penetration through the building, composite deposition, and the resulting value of F(inf) were calculated for two cases: closed windows and one window open 7.5 cm. F(inf) ranged from close to 0 (particles <10 nm) to 0.3 (particles >80 nm) with windows closed and from 0 to 0.6 with one window open. The penetration coefficient (closed windows) increased from about 0.2 for 10-nm particles to an asymptote near 0.6 for particles from 30-100 nm. Open window penetration coefficients were higher, ranging from 0.6 to 0.8. Closed-window composite deposition rates, which included losses to the furnace filter and to the ductwork as well as to interior surfaces, monotonically decreased from levels of about 1.5 h(-1) for 10-nm particles to 0.3 h(-1) for 100-nm particles. For the open-window case, composite deposition rates were higher for particles <20 nm, reaching values of 3.5 h(-1). Mean standard errors associated with estimates of P, k(comp), and F(inf) for two series of measurements ranged from 1.0% to 4.4%. C1 [Rim, Donghyun; Wallace, Lance; Persily, Andrew] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rim, DH (reprint author), 100 Bur Dr,MS8633,Bldg 226,Rm A311, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM drim@nist.gov RI Wallace, Lance/K-7264-2013 NR 38 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 15 BP 5908 EP 5913 DI 10.1021/es101202a PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 631SD UT WOS:000280367200041 PM 20666560 ER PT J AU Garreta, V Monestiez, P Hoef, JMV AF Garreta, Vincent Monestiez, Pascal Hoef, Jay M. Ver TI Spatial modelling and prediction on river networks: up model, down model or hybrid? SO ENVIRONMETRICS LA English DT Article DE geostatistics; covariance function; stream network; kriging ID FLOW AB Preservation of rivers and water resources is crucial in most environmental policies and many carts are made to assess water quality Environmental monitoring of large river networks are based on measurement stations Compared to the total length of river networks, their number is often limited and there is a need to extend environmental variables that are measured locally to the whole river network The objective of this paper is to propose several relevant geostatistical models for river modelling These models use river distance and are based on two contrasting assumptions about dependency along a river network Inference using maximum likelihood, model selection criterion and prediction by kriging are then developed We illustrate our approach on two variables that differ by their distributional and spatial characteristics summer water temperature and nitrate concentration The data come from 141 to 187 monitoring stations in a network on a large river located in the Northeast of Fiance that is more than 5001) km long and includes Meuse and Moselle basins. We first evaluated different spatial models and then gave prediction maps and error variance maps for the whole stream network Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons. Ltd C1 [Garreta, Vincent] Univ Aix Marseille, CEREGE, CNRS, UMR 6635, F-13545 Aix En Provence, France. [Monestiez, Pascal] INRA, Unite Biostat & Proc Spatiaux, F-84914 Avignon 9, France. [Hoef, Jay M. Ver] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Garreta, V (reprint author), Univ Aix Marseille, CEREGE, CNRS, UMR 6635, F-13545 Aix En Provence, France. OI Ver Hoef, Jay/0000-0003-4302-6895; Monestiez, Pascal/0000-0001-5851-2699 NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1180-4009 J9 ENVIRONMETRICS JI Environmetrics PD AUG PY 2010 VL 21 IS 5 BP 439 EP 456 DI 10.1002/env.995 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 635AD UT WOS:000280627100001 ER PT J AU Park, SH Manzello, SL Bentz, DP Mizukami, T AF Park, Seul-Hyun Manzello, Samuel L. Bentz, Dale P. Mizukami, Tensei TI Determining thermal properties of gypsum board at elevated temperatures SO FIRE AND MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE gypsum board; thermal properties ID FIRE; PERFORMANCE AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Center for Better Living have formed a collaboration to assess the performance and failure mechanisms of gypsum wall assemblies under real fires/furnace conditions. These measurements are being used to compile an experimental database necessary to validate models that could be used to predict their performance and ultimate failure under various design fires. A critical component of the database is thermal property data of gypsum board. The present paper describes the results of an effort to quantify thermal properties of gypsum board. The thermal conductivity specific heat mass loss and linear contraction for gypsum board types widely used in the U.S.A. and Japan were measured both at room temperature and at elevated temperatures. The gypsum board types tested include Type X and Type C from the U.S.A. and Type R and Type F from Japan. Results indicate that the difference in thermal properties of all gypsum board samples tested in the present study is not significant particularly at elevated temperatures. A large difference in linear contraction among gypsum board samples was observed at elevated temperatures, implying a significant difference in mechanical behavior at fire temperatures. The experimental data set provides valuable information that can be used to model the behavior of gypsum board at elevated temperatures. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Park, Seul-Hyun; Manzello, Samuel L.] NIST, BFRL, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bentz, Dale P.] NIST, BFRL, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mizukami, Tensei] Ctr Better Living, Tsukuba Bldg Res & Testing Lab TBTL, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Manzello, SL (reprint author), NIST, BFRL, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM samuel.manzello@nist.gov NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0308-0501 J9 FIRE MATER JI Fire Mater. PD AUG-SEP PY 2010 VL 34 IS 5 BP 237 EP 250 DI 10.1002/fam.1017 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 638SP UT WOS:000280916600002 ER PT J AU Manzello, SL Park, SH Cleary, TG AF Manzello, Samuel L. Park, Seul-Hyun Cleary, Thomas G. TI Development of rapidly deployable instrumentation packages for data acquisition in wildland-urban interface (WUI) fires SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Wildland-urban interface (WUI) fires; Instrumentation; Structure ignition AB In an effort to quantify structure ignition mechanisms during wildland-urban interface (WUI) fires, rapidly deployable instrumentation packages were developed. For a structure under a WUI fire attack, the packages are designed to: (1) provide temporally resolved images of structure ignition mechanisms and (2) provide quantitative data on total heat flux, wind speed, wind direction, ambient temperature, and relative humidity near a structure. The unique design of the packages allowed for wireless transmission of all data signals collected to a hardened location. Prior to attempting to use these instrumentation packages in real WUI fires, a proof-of-concept test was conducted under a prescribed fire. In these tests, a shed was used as a surrogate for a typical structure that would be found in the WUI. The proof-of-concept test was successful and has demonstrated that relatively inexpensive instrumentation can be used to image structure ignition in the path of an approaching crown fire and that directional flame thermometers (DFT) were acceptable instrumentation to measure total heat flux in place of cumbersome water cooled total heat flux gages. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Manzello, Samuel L.; Park, Seul-Hyun; Cleary, Thomas G.] NIST, Fire Res Div, BFRL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Manzello, SL (reprint author), NIST, Fire Res Div, BFRL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM samuelm@nist.gov FU US Forest Service; Office of Science and Technology of the Department of Homeland Security FX The authors are eternally grateful to the New Jersey Forest Fire Service for their gracious invitation to participate in these exciting tests. In particular, Mr. James Dusha served as the burn boss and provided incredible support to the 'NIST Science Dudes'. Mr. Stephen Maurer of the New Jersey, Forest Fire Service assisted in preparing the necessary documentation so NIST could participate. Dr. John Horn and Dr. Ken Clark of the US Forest Service are acknowledged for making us aware of this opportunity. This research was supported by the US Forest Service and Office of Science and Technology of the Department of Homeland Security. Dr. William 'Ruddy' Mell and Mr. Alexander Maranghides of NIST are acknowledged for helpful discussion and suggestions during the course of this work. Mr. John R. Shields of NIST is acknowledged assisting with the instrumentation deployment. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 45 IS 5 BP 327 EP 336 DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2010.06.005 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 639RR UT WOS:000280992700005 ER PT J AU Reuter, RF Conners, ME Dicosimo, J Gaichas, S Ormseth, O Tenbrink, TT AF Reuter, R. F. Conners, M. E. Dicosimo, J. Gaichas, S. Ormseth, O. Tenbrink, T. T. TI Managing non-target, data-poor species using catch limits: lessons from the Alaskan groundfish fishery SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE catch limit; data-poor; groundfish fishery; Magnuson Stevens Reauthorized Act; stock assessment ID MANAGEMENT; INDICATORS; STRATEGIES; BYCATCH; RISK AB P>The 2006 reauthorisation of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act requires annual catch limits for all target and non-target species within federally managed fisheries in the United States. In Alaska, both target and non-target species in the Alaska groundfish fisheries have been managed using catch limits since the early 1990s. Non-target species that are caught incidentally in a fishery require monitoring to ensure that the population is not negatively impacted by commercial fishing. Resource assessment scientists have been challenged with obtaining sufficient data to recommend an acceptable catch level for management of these species. This paper reviews three case studies where a catch limit is determined for non-target species when certain data are limited: (1) varying levels of biomass and catch data for all species within a species group or complex; (2) adequate catch data but no biomass data; (3) emerging target fishery of data-poor species, plus an example of how a complex of ecosystem component species is managed. C1 [Reuter, R. F.; Conners, M. E.; Gaichas, S.; Ormseth, O.; Tenbrink, T. T.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Dicosimo, J.] N Pacific Fishery Management Council, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Reuter, RF (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM rebecca.reuter@noaa.gov NR 45 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0969-997X J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 17 IS 4 BP 323 EP 335 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2400.2009.00726.x PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 624RM UT WOS:000279837800002 ER PT J AU Seung, CK AF Seung, Chang K. TI Estimating economic information for fisheries using unequal probability sampling SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Unequal probability sampling; Economic information; Alaska fisheries ID DISCARDS; ENGLAND AB This study provides detailed descriptions of procedures for conducting unequal probability sampling (UPS) and deriving the population parameters for important economic variables that are critical in economic analysis of fisheries. This study uses a Pareto sampling method and describes how the Horvitz-Thompson (HT) estimator is adjusted for non-response and how this adjustment is applied to the certainty units and non-certainty units separately. As an example, this study applies the UPS method without replacement to fisheries in the Southwest region of Alaska, to estimate the total employment and total labor income for each of three disaggregated harvesting sectors. This study shows that the suggested method is a useful approach that can be used to estimate similar economic information through surveys of fish harvesting and processing sectors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, AKC2, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Seung, CK (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, AKC2, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Chang.Seung@noaa.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD AUG-SEP PY 2010 VL 105 IS 3 BP 134 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2010.03.016 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 642CR UT WOS:000281181500002 ER PT J AU Chang, SK DiNardo, G Lin, TT AF Chang, Shui-Kai DiNardo, Gerard Lin, Ta-Te TI Photo-based approach as an alternative method for collection of albacore (Thunnus alalunga) length frequency from longline vessels SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Fish length; Photo-based length measurement; Albacore tuna; Sample vessel ID SOUTH-PACIFIC ALBACORE; FISHERIES; AGE AB Length frequency data are essential to the stock assessments of albacore (Thunnus alalunga) which has been either fully- or over-exploited in many regions of the world. To obtain 'visible' and verifiable length data, a photo-based length measurement approach was previously developed in which fishers take photos of fish adjacent to a plastic calibration board with colored squares using ordinary digital camera technology. Here we assess the feasibility of implementing the photo-based approach using direct comparisons with measured lengths from observer programs. Data from the Taiwanese longline albacore fishery are used to assess the utility of the photo approach in terms of accuracy (with considerations of on-board photographing and at-land length estimation) and cost (comparing with port-sampling and observer programs). Results indicate potentially significant cost savings compared with the other two programs, with acceptable levels of estimation error. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lin, Ta-Te] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Bioind Mechatron Engn, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Chang, Shui-Kai] Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Coll Marine Sci, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan. [DiNardo, Gerard] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Lin, TT (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Bioind Mechatron Engn, 1 Sect 4,Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 106, Taiwan. EM m456@ntu.edu.tw RI Chang, Shui-Kai/B-5038-2010; OI Chang, Shui-Kai/0000-0003-2929-1510; LIN, TA-TE/0000-0003-0852-1372 FU Fisheries Agency, Council of Agriculture, ROC; NOAA [AB133F-08-SE3726]; Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Centre, National Sun Yat-sen University FX We appreciate Mr. Yu-Kai Lin for compilation of the cost information. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on the manuscript. The study was supported in research materials by the Fisheries Agency, Council of Agriculture, ROC, and partially supported by funds from NOAA (Contract number: AB133F-08-SE3726) and the Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Centre, National Sun Yat-sen University. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD AUG-SEP PY 2010 VL 105 IS 3 BP 148 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2010.03.021 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 642CR UT WOS:000281181500004 ER PT J AU Rudershausen, PJ Mitchell, WA Buckel, JA Williams, EH Hazen, E AF Rudershausen, P. J. Mitchell, W. A. Buckel, J. A. Williams, E. H. Hazen, E. TI Developing a two-step fishery-independent design to estimate the relative abundance of deepwater reef fish: Application to a marine protected area off the southeastern United States coast SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Fisheries acoustics; Marine protected area; Fishery-independent design; Reef fish southeastern United States LME ID ACOUSTICS; VESSELS; BIOMASS; STOCK AB Reliable data on reef fishes inhabiting the southeastern United States (North Carolina to Florida) continental shelf large marine ecosystem are difficult to obtain; catch quotas and time and area closures limit the collection of fishery-dependent samples. Further, unbiased fishery-independent samples are expensive to collect with conventional fishing gear. Consequently, stock assessments are often data-limited, especially for deepwater reef species. We estimated the relative abundance of deepwater reef fish with a double sampling approach using fisheries acoustics and conventional fishing gear (hook and line and chevron traps). Double sampling occurred within the newly-created Snowy Wreck Marine Protected Area and a nearby control site. Reef fish concentrations were identified by a single-beam Simrad ES60 transceiver with a transducer operating at 38 kHz. Hook and line samples were collected at 73 acoustic events, and chevron trap samples were collected at 20 acoustic events. The relationship between fisheries acoustic data and catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) data was examined to develop a model to predict species-generic CPUE at unfished locations. Akaike's Information Criteria (AIC) found equal support for linear, exponential, and power relationships between acoustic backscatter and CPUE for each conventional fishing gear. Further model development would be aided by refining acoustic target information and applying complimentary fish sampling gears (i.e., split-beam fisheries acoustics gear, underwater video). Given further development, a double sampling design should be useful to estimate the relative abundance of important deepwater reef species over a wide area of the shelf break off the southeastern United States, utilizing either survey vessels or vessels-of-opportunity to rapidly collect acoustic samples. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rudershausen, P. J.; Mitchell, W. A.; Buckel, J. A.] N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Dept Biol, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Williams, E. H.] NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Hazen, E.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Rudershausen, PJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Dept Biol, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. EM pjruders@ncsu.edu RI Hazen, Elliott/G-4149-2014 OI Hazen, Elliott/0000-0002-0412-7178 FU North Carolina Sea Grant [07-FEG-15, 08-FEG-10] FX We thank Tom Burgess for his assistance with this work. Four anonymous reviewers improved the quality of the manuscript. This project was funded through North Carolina Sea Grant, project numbers 07-FEG-15 and 08-FEG-10. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD AUG-SEP PY 2010 VL 105 IS 3 BP 254 EP 260 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2010.05.005 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 642CR UT WOS:000281181500016 ER PT J AU Marques, A Nunes, ML Moore, SK Strom, MS AF Marques, Antonio Nunes, Maria Leonor Moore, Stephanie K. Strom, Mark S. TI Climate change and seafood safety: Human health implications SO FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Seafood; Harmful algal blooms; Pathogens; Trace metals; Organic chemicals ID HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; MUSSEL PERNA-VIRIDIS; INVERTEBRATES COROPHIUM-VOLUTATOR; VIBRIO-PARAHAEMOLYTICUS STRAINS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; MYTILUS-EDULIS; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSE; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES; EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT AB Worldwide, anthropogenic climate change is now a reality and is already affecting the biology and ecology of some organisms, as well as several chemical pathways. Little is known about the consequences of climate change for the food system, particularly seafood, comprising all stages from "farm to fork" (mainly primary production, processing, transport and trading). In this context, the current review aims to elucidate climate change impacts on seafood safety and its human health implications. Both chemical and biological risks are foreseen to impair seafood safety in the future as a consequence of climate change; in particular, toxic metals, organic chemicals residues, algal toxins and pathogens of both humans and marine organisms. However, different species respond differently to such stresses. Public health authorities will face new challenges to guarantee seafood safety and to sustain consumers' confidence in eating seafood in a warmer world. (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Marques, Antonio; Nunes, Maria Leonor] IP L IPIMAR, Natl Inst Biol Resources INRB, Res Unit Upgrading Fishery & Farmed Prod U VPPA, P-1449006 Lisbon, Portugal. [Moore, Stephanie K.; Strom, Mark S.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, W Coast Ctr Oceans & Human Hlth, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Marques, A (reprint author), IP L IPIMAR, Natl Inst Biol Resources INRB, Res Unit Upgrading Fishery & Farmed Prod U VPPA, Ave Brasilia, P-1449006 Lisbon, Portugal. EM amarques@ipimar.pt RI Marques, Antonio/H-5904-2013; NUNES, MARIA LEONOR/L-4283-2014 OI Marques, Antonio/0000-0001-6745-745X; NUNES, MARIA LEONOR/0000-0003-4393-2150 FU Northwest Fisheries Science Center; National Marine Fisheries Service; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); West Coast Center for Oceans and Human Health (WCCOHH); NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative FX M.S.S. and S.K.M. acknowledge the support of the Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the West Coast Center for Oceans and Human Health (WCCOHH). WCCOHH is funded by the NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative, and this work is WCCOHH publication number X. NR 138 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 7 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9969 J9 FOOD RES INT JI Food Res. Int. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 43 IS 7 SI SI BP 1766 EP 1779 DI 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.02.010 PG 14 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 663CN UT WOS:000282860700004 ER PT J AU Yang, B Pallardy, SG Meyers, TP Gu, LH Hanson, PJ Wullschleger, SD Heuer, M Hosman, KP Riggs, JS Sluss, DW AF Yang, Bai Pallardy, Stephen G. Meyers, Tilden P. Gu, Lian-Hong Hanson, Paul J. Wullschleger, Stan D. Heuer, Mark Hosman, Kevin P. Riggs, Jeffery S. Sluss, Daniel W. TI Environmental controls on water use efficiency during severe drought in an Ozark Forest in Missouri, USA SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE data stratification; drought; eddy flux; environmental control; water use efficiency ID OAK-HICKORY FOREST; GAS-EXCHANGE; ECOSYSTEM PRODUCTIVITY; VAPOR EXCHANGE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; OPTIMIZATION THEORY; STOMATAL RESPONSES; DIFFUSE-RADIATION; MODELING ANALYSIS; PINUS-RADIATA AB To accurately predict ecosystem responses induced by climate warming at local-to-global scales, models are in need of more precise knowledge of response during periods of environmental stress such as drought. In this paper, we studied environmental control of canopy-level water use efficiency (WUE) during drought at an eddy flux site in an oak-hickory forest in central Missouri, USA. Two consecutive severe droughts in the summers of 2006 and 2007 afforded coverage of a broad range of environmental conditions. We stratified data to obtain subranges that minimized cross-correlations among putative WUE-controlling factors. Our results showed that WUE was subject to control by atmospheric saturation deficit (ASD), soil water potential (SWP) and the ratio of diffuse to total photosynthetically active radiation (I(f)/I(t)). Generally, WUE was found to scale with 1/(ASD)0.5, consistent with predictions from stomatal optimization theory. In contrast, SWP and I(f)/I(t) were related to WUE in a linear fashion. ASD was better correlated with WUE than either of the other two factors. It was also observed that the relationship between WUE and any single controlling factor was subject to influence of the other two. One such example was an opposite response of WUE to SWP between low and high ASD values, suggesting a breakdown of stomatal optimality under severe environmental stresses and a shift from optimal stomatal regulation to nonstomatal regulation at leaf scale. We have demonstrated that different data handling (stratified vs. nonstratified) or selection (hourly vs. daily) could lead to different conclusions on the relationship between WUE and its controls. For this reason, we recommend modelers to be cautious when applying WUE-response formulas at environmental conditions or at time scales different from those at which they are derived. C1 [Yang, Bai; Gu, Lian-Hong; Hanson, Paul J.; Wullschleger, Stan D.; Riggs, Jeffery S.; Sluss, Daniel W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Pallardy, Stephen G.; Hosman, Kevin P.] Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Columbia, MO USA. [Meyers, Tilden P.; Heuer, Mark] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Yang, B (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008,Bldg 1509, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM yangb@ornl.gov RI Hanson, Paul J./D-8069-2011; Wullschleger, Stan/B-8297-2012; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016; Gu, Lianhong/H-8241-2014 OI Hanson, Paul J./0000-0001-7293-3561; Wullschleger, Stan/0000-0002-9869-0446; Gu, Lianhong/0000-0001-5756-8738 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research (BER); US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; University of Missouri under US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-03ER63683]; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education [DE-AC05-00OR22725, DE-AC05-00OR22750] FX This research was supported by US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research (BER), as a part of the Terrestrial Carbon Processes (TCP) Program and conducted at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 and by the University of Missouri under US Department of Energy, Grant DE-FG02-03ER63683.; This research was supported in part by an appointment to the ORNL Postdoctoral Research Associates Program which is sponsored by Oak Ridge National Laboratory and administered jointly by Oak Ridge National Laboratory and by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education under contract numbers DE-AC05-00OR22725 and DE-AC05-00OR22750, respectively. Comments from two anonymous reviewers and discussions with Drs. Dafeng Hui and Kell Wilson were very helpful in improving this manuscript. First author thanks Dr. Wilfred M. Post for being his mentor during his post-doctoral program at ORNL. NR 52 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 7 U2 57 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 16 IS 8 BP 2252 EP 2271 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02138.x PG 20 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 619QD UT WOS:000279443800009 ER PT J AU Sobral, JBM Boukerche, A Loureiro, AAF AF Sobral, J. B. M. Boukerche, A. Loureiro, A. A. F. TI I2TS 2009, 8(th) International Information and Telecommunication Technologies Symposium SO IEEE LATIN AMERICA TRANSACTIONS LA Spanish DT Editorial Material DE Telecommunication; Information Technologies; Distributed Computing and Real-Time Systems; Wired and Wireless Computer Networks; Computational Security; Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing; Free Software; Telemedicine and Medical Informatics; Research and Development for Innovative Technologies. Best Papers AB This edition of IEEE Latin America Transactions brings up a collection of the best papers presented during the eighth International Information and Telecommunication Technologies Symposium (I2TS 2009), which took place from December 9rd to 11th 2009, in Florianopolis, Brazil. The I2TS Technical Committee Program considered the three best papers among the entire proceedings of I2TS 2009, which was composed by 136 works. The best papers represent the finest work published in I2TS, serving as an example of the investigation that is done in the Information and Telecommunication areas. C1 [Sobral, J. B. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Boukerche, A.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Loureiro, A. A. F.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Sobral, JBM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jbmsobral@boulder.nist.gov; aboukerche@lamar.colostate.edu; aafloureiro@nrim.go.jp NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1548-0992 J9 IEEE LAT AM T JI IEEE Latin Am. Trans. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 8 IS 4 BP 320 EP 321 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 670PH UT WOS:000283439300002 ER PT J AU Remley, KA AF Remley, Kate A. TI Re-Visioning Reviews SO IEEE MICROWAVE MAGAZINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Remley, KA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. EM microwave.editor@ieee.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1527-3342 J9 IEEE MICROW MAG JI IEEE Microw. Mag. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 11 IS 5 BP 6 EP 8 DI 10.1109/MMM.2010.937090 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 652IL UT WOS:000281997100001 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, MO Pinheiro, AC Proud, SR Sandholt, I AF Rasmussen, Mads Olander Pinheiro, Ana C. Proud, Simon R. Sandholt, Inge TI Modeling Angular Dependences in Land Surface Temperatures From the SEVIRI Instrument Onboard the Geostationary Meteosat Second Generation Satellites SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Angular effects; anisotropy; land surface temperature (LST); Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) ID ANISOTROPY; RETRIEVAL; AFRICA AB Satellite-based estimates of land surface temperature (LST) are widely applied as an input to models. A model output is often very sensitive to error in the input data, and high-quality inputs are therefore essential. One of the main sources of errors in LST estimates is the dependence on vegetation structure and viewing and illumination geometry. Despite this, these effects are not considered in current operational LST products from neither polar-orbiting nor geostationary satellites. In this paper, we simulate the angular dependence that can be expected when estimating LST with the viewing geometry of the geostationary Meteosat Second Generation Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager sensor across the African continent and compare it to a normalized view geometry. We use the modified geometric projection model that estimates the scene thermal infrared radiance from a surface covered by different land covers. The results show that the sun-target-sensor geometry plays a significant role in the estimated temperature, with variations strictly due to the angular configuration of more than +/- 3 degrees C in some cases. On the continental scale, the average error is small except in hot-spot conditions, but large variations occur both geographically and temporally. The sun zenith angle, the amount of vegetation, and the vegetation structure are all shown to affect the magnitude of the errors. The findings highlight the need for taking the angular effects into account when applying LST estimates in models and when comparing LST estimates from different sensors or from different times, both on the daily and seasonal scale. C1 [Rasmussen, Mads Olander; Proud, Simon R.; Sandholt, Inge] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geog & Geol, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Pinheiro, Ana C.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Admz, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Rasmussen, MO (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geog & Geol, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM mora@gras.ku.dk; Ana.Pinheiro@noaa.gov; is@geo.ku.dk RI Proud, Simon/A-4239-2015 OI Proud, Simon/0000-0003-3880-6774 FU International Research School of Water Resources (FIVA) at the University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; European Community FX Manuscript received October 2, 2009; revised January 2, 2010. Date of publication April 5, 2010; date of current version July 21, 2010. This work was supported in part by the International Research School of Water Resources (FIVA) at the University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Part of this work was carried out while M. O. Rasmussen was a Visiting Scientist at the Remote Sensing and Applications Division, National Climatic Data Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The authors would like to thank J. Privette and J. J. Bates for making the stay possible andfor taking care of the administrative work associated with the visit. This work contributes to the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) Project (http://www.ammainternational.org). Based on a French initiative, AMMA was built by an international scientific group and is currently funded by a large number of agencies, particularly from France, U.K., U.S., and Africa. It has been the beneficiary of a major financial contribution from the European Community's Sixth Framework Research Program. NR 19 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD AUG PY 2010 VL 48 IS 8 BP 3123 EP 3133 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2010.2044509 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 656FC UT WOS:000282310600007 ER PT J AU Williams, D Mortazawi, A AF Williams, Dylan Mortazawi, Amir TI Untitled SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Williams, Dylan] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Mortazawi, Amir] Univ Michigan, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Williams, D (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 58 IS 8 BP 2073 EP 2076 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2010.2052663 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 665TC UT WOS:000283057400001 ER PT J AU Holloway, CL Kabos, P Mohamed, MA Kuester, EF Gordon, JA Janezic, MD Baker-Jarvis, J AF Holloway, C. L. Kabos, P. Mohamed, M. A. Kuester, E. F. Gordon, J. A. Janezic, M. D. Baker-Jarvis, J. TI Realisation of a controllable metafilm/metasurface composed of resonant magnetodielectric particles: measurements and theory SO IET MICROWAVES ANTENNAS & PROPAGATION LA English DT Article ID METAFILM; NETWORK; ARRAYS AB In previous work, we derived generalised sheet-transition conditions (GSTCs) for the average electromagnetic fields across a metafilm/metasurface, which, when properly designed, can have certain desired reflection and transmission properties. A metafilm (also referred to as a metasurface) is the two-dimensional equivalent of a metamaterial and is essentially a surface distribution of electrically small scatterers characterised by electric and magnetic surface susceptibilities. This GSTC has been used to calculate the reflection and transmission coefficients of the metafilm, which depend upon the surface susceptibilities, themselves expressed in terms of the electric and magnetic polarisabilities of the scatterers. Conditions on these surface susceptibilities of the scatterers required to obtain total transmission and/or total reflection have also been obtained. These conditions can require either the electric or magnetic surface susceptibilities to become negative (analogous to the situation for negative-index bulk metamaterials). By controlling the polarisabilities of the scatterers in the metafilm (and thus the surface susceptibilities), a 'smart' or 'controllable' surface can be realised. Applications of such a controllable metafilm/metasurface would include controllable antennas, switches, sensors, resonators and waveguides. In this study, the authors present both analytic and measurement results to demonstrate the realisation of a controllable metafilm composed of resonant magnetodielectric particles. To this end, they present analytical results for plane-wave incident and waveguide measurements of the reflection and transmission properties of a controllable metafilm composed of spherical magneto-dielectric (yttrium iron garnet or YIG) particles. The good correlations between the measured and analytical results of the reflection and transmission characteristics of the metafilm presented here show that a 'smart surface' metafilm is realisable. C1 [Holloway, C. L.; Kabos, P.; Gordon, J. A.; Janezic, M. D.; Baker-Jarvis, J.] NIST, US Dept Commerce, Boulder Labs, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Mohamed, M. A.; Kuester, E. F.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Holloway, CL (reprint author), NIST, US Dept Commerce, Boulder Labs, Electromagnet Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM holloway@boulder.nist.gov NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 26 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-8725 J9 IET MICROW ANTENNA P JI IET Microw. Antennas Propag. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 4 IS 8 BP 1111 EP 1122 DI 10.1049/iet-map.2009.0555 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 634EY UT WOS:000280563700018 ER PT J AU Hammouda, B AF Hammouda, Boualem TI A new Guinier-Porod model SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING AB Small-angle scattering (SAS) curves are characterized by two main features: the Guinier region and the Porod region. Standard linear plots are available to fit SAS data and obtain a radius of gyration and a Porod exponent. A new Guinier-Porod empirical model is introduced to fit SAS data from spherical as well as nonspherical objects such as rods or platelets. It also applies to shapes intermediate between spheres and rods or between rods and platelets. The new model is used to fit SAS data from a Pluronic solution that sequentially forms unimers, then spherical micelles, then cylindrical micelles, then lamellar micelles upon heating. This single model can fit structures associated with all four phases as well as the intermediate structures. C1 NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hammouda, B (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hammouda@nist.gov FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX The identification of commercial products does not imply endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that these are the best for the purpose. This work is based upon activities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under agreement No. DMR-0454672. Discussions with David Mildner and Steve Kline are appreciated. NR 8 TC 107 Z9 107 U1 8 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 43 BP 716 EP 719 DI 10.1107/S0021889810015773 PN 4 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 619KQ UT WOS:000279429500008 ER PT J AU Carman, MR Morris, JA Karney, RC Grunden, DW AF Carman, M. R. Morris, J. A. Karney, R. C. Grunden, D. W. TI An initial assessment of native and invasive tunicates in shellfish aquaculture of the North American east coast SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference and Workshop on Managing Alien Species for Sustainable Development of Aquaculture and Fisheis CY NOV 05-07, 2008 CL Univ Florence, Florence, ITALY HO Univ Florence ID CIONA-INTESTINALIS; MUSSEL AB The objective of the study was to assess the distribution of native and invasive tunicates in the fouling community of shellfish aquaculture gear along the U. S. east coast of the Atlantic. Since the 1980s, several species of invasive tunicates have spread throughout the coastal waters of the North American east coast and have become dominant fouling organisms on docks, boat hulls, mooring lines, and in shellfish aquaculture. Invasive and native tunicates negatively impact shellfish aquaculture through increased maintenance costs and reduced shellfish growth. While the presence of alien tunicates has been well documented at piers, harbors, and marinas, there are few published reports of invasive tunicate impacts to aquaculture. We surveyed shellfish aquaculture operations at Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts and shellfish aquaculturists in other areas along the North American east coast and report high levels of fouling caused by seven invasive, three native, and two cryptogenic species of tunicates. All study sites were fouled by one or more tunicate species. Biofouling control treatments varied among aquaculture sites and were effective in removing tunicates. Invasive and native tunicates should be considered when assessing the economic impacts of fouling organisms to the aquaculture industry. C1 [Carman, M. R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Morris, J. A.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Beaufort, NC USA. [Karney, R. C.] Marthas Vineyard Shellfish Grp Inc, Oak Bluffs, MA USA. [Grunden, D. W.] Town Oak Bluffs Shellfish Dept, Oak Bluffs, MA USA. RP Carman, MR (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Mailstop 8, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM mcarman@whoi.edu NR 15 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 26 SU 2 BP 8 EP 11 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01495.x PG 4 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 639MS UT WOS:000280979500003 ER PT J AU Godfrey, CM Stensrud, DJ AF Godfrey, Christopher M. Stensrud, David J. TI An Empirical Latent Heat Flux Parameterization for the Noah Land Surface Model SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER DEVELOPMENT; ENERGY-BALANCE CLOSURE; MESOSCALE ETA-MODEL; WINTER-WHEAT BELT; LEAF-AREA INDEX; SOIL-MOISTURE; MULTICRITERIA METHODS; OKLAHOMA MESONET; VEGETATION COVER; EDDY-CORRELATION AB Proper partitioning of the surface energy fluxes that drive the evolution of the planetary boundary layer in numerical weather prediction models requires an accurate representation of initial land surface conditions. Unfortunately, soil temperature and moisture observations are unavailable in most areas and routine daily estimates of vegetation coverage and biomass are not easily available. This gap in observational capabilities seriously hampers the evaluation and improvement of land surface parameterizations, since model errors likely relate to improper initial conditions as much as to inaccuracies in the parameterizations. Two unique datasets help to overcome these difficulties. First, 1-km fractional vegetation coverage and leaf area index values can be derived from biweekly maximum normalized difference vegetation index composites obtained from daily observations by the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer onboard NOAA satellites. Second, the Oklahoma Mesonet supplies multiple soil temperature and moisture measurements at various soil depths each hour. Combined, these two datasets provide significantly improved initial conditions for a land surface model and allow an evaluation of the accuracy of the land surface model with much greater confidence than previously. Forecasts that both include and neglect these unique land surface observations are used to evaluate the value of these two data sources to land surface initializations. The dense network of surface observations afforded by the Oklahoma Mesonet, including surface flux data derived from special sensors, provides verification of the model results, which indicate that predicted latent heat fluxes still differ from observations by as much as 150 W m(-2). This result provides a springboard for assessing parameterization errors within the model. A new empirical parameterization developed using principal-component regression reveals simple relationships between latent heat flux and other surface observations. Periods of very dry conditions observed across Oklahoma are used advantageously to derive a parameterization for evaporation from bare soil. Combining this parameterization with an empirical canopy transpiration scheme yields improved sensible and latent heat flux forecasts and better partitioning of the surface energy budget. Surface temperature and mixing ratio forecasts show improvement when compared with observations. C1 [Godfrey, Christopher M.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Godfrey, Christopher M.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Stensrud, David J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Godfrey, CM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Atmospher Sci, 1 Univ Hts, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. EM cgodfrey@unca.edu FU NSF [ATM-0243720]; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research [NA17RJ1227] FX The authors thank the Oklahoma Climatological Survey for providing Oklahoma Mesonet data and Drs. Ken Crawford, Peter Lamb, Lance Leslie, Michael Richman, and May Yuan and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. Dr. Jim Merchant and Roberto Bonifaz of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln provided the fractional vegetation coverage and leaf area index data. Funding was provided under NSF Grant ATM-0243720 and by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 90 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 49 IS 8 BP 1696 EP 1713 DI 10.1175/2010JAMC2180.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 646CY UT WOS:000281514800009 ER PT J AU Matrosov, SY AF Matrosov, Sergey Y. TI CloudSat Studies of Stratiform Precipitation Systems Observed in the Vicinity of the Southern Great Plains Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Site SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ICE CLOUDS; RADAR; RETRIEVALS; RAINFALL AB The spaceborne W-band (94 GHz) radar on board the CloudSat polar-orbiting satellite offers new opportunities for retrieving parameters of precipitating cloud systems. CloudSat measurements can resolve the vertical cross sections of such systems. The radar brightband features, which are commonly present when observing stratiform precipitating systems, allow the vertical separation of the ice, mixed, and liquid precipitating hydrometeor layers. In this study, the CloudSat data are used to simultaneously retrieve ice water path (IWP) values for ice layers of precipitating systems using absolute radar reflectivity measurements and mean rainfall rates R(m) in the liquid hydrometeor layers using the attenuation-based reflectivity gradient method. The retrievals were performed for precipitating events observed in the vicinity of the Southern Great Plains (SGP) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) Climate Research Facility. The retrieval results indicated that IWP values in stratiform precipitating systems vary from a few hundreds up to about 10 thousands of grams per meter squared, and the mean rain rates were in a general range between 0.5 and about 12 mm h(-1). On average, mean rainfall increases with an increase in ice mass observed above the melting layer; the corresponding mean correlation coefficient is about 0.35, although events with higher correlation as well as those with no appreciable correlation were observed. Horizontal advection, wind shear, and vertical air motions might be some of the reasons for decorrelation between IWP and R(m) retrieved for the same vertical atmospheric column. A mean statistical relation between IWP and R(m) derived from CloudSat retrievals is in good agreement with the data obtained from multiwavelength ground-based cloud radar measurements at the SGP site. C1 [Matrosov, Sergey Y.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Matrosov, Sergey Y.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Matrosov, SY (reprint author), R PSD2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sergey.matrosov@noaa.gov FU NASA [NNX07AQ82G]; Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER63954] FX This study was funded through NASA Project NNX07AQ82G and through the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy Grant DE-FG02-05ER63954. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 49 IS 8 BP 1756 EP 1765 DI 10.1175/2010JAMC2444.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 646CY UT WOS:000281514800013 ER PT J AU Bodine, D Heinselman, PL Cheong, BL Palmer, RD Michaud, D AF Bodine, D. Heinselman, P. L. Cheong, B. L. Palmer, R. D. Michaud, D. TI A Case Study on the Impact of Moisture Variability on Convection Initiation Using Radar Refractivity Retrievals SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHASED-ARRAY RADAR; BOUNDARY-LAYER; OKLAHOMA MESONET; REAL-TIME; DRYLINE; IHOP-2002; VELOCITY; MERGER; SYSTEM; FIELDS AB A case study illustrating the impact of moisture variability on convection initiation in a synoptically active environment without strong moisture gradients is presented. The preconvective environment on 30 April 2007 nearly satisfied the three conditions for convection initiation: moisture, instability, and a low-level lifting mechanism. However, a sounding analysis showed that a low-level inversion layer and high LFC would prevent convection initiation because the convective updraft velocities required to overcome the convective inhibition (CIN) were much higher than updraft velocities typically observed in convergence zones. Radar refractivity retrievals from the Twin Lakes, Oklahoma (KTLX), Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) showed a moisture pool contributing up to a 2 degrees C increase in dewpoint temperature where the initial storm-scale convergence was observed. The analysis of the storm-relative wind field revealed that the developing storm ingested the higher moisture associated with the moisture pool. Sounding analyses showed that the moisture pool reduced or nearly eliminated CIN, lowered the LFC by about 500 m, and increased CAPE by 2.5 times. Thus, these small-scale moisture changes increased the likelihood of convection initiation within the moisture pool by creating a more favorable thermodynamic environment. The results suggest that refractivity data could improve convection initiation forecasts by assessing moisture variability at finer scales than the current observation network. C1 [Bodine, D.; Palmer, R. D.; Michaud, D.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Bodine, D.; Cheong, B. L.; Palmer, R. D.; Michaud, D.] Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Heinselman, P. L.] NOAA, OAR Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Bodine, D (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Suite 5900, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM bodine@ou.edu RI Bodine, David/B-5023-2014 FU Radar Operations Center [NA17RJ1227]; National Science Foundation [ATM0750790]; Raytheon Corporation FX Funding for this research was provided by the Radar Operations Center through grant number NA17RJ1227 and the National Science Foundation through Grant ATM0750790. The first author was supported by an American Meteorological Society Fellowship sponsored by the Raytheon Corporation. This manuscript benefited from reviews and discussions with Conrad Ziegler and Rodger Brown, and reviews from two anonymous reviewers. The authors thank the Radar Operations Center for maintaining the data flow from KTLX during the experiment. The authors also thank Mark Laufersweiler, Kevin Manross, and Travis Smith for their assistance with data acquisition and computing support. NR 39 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 49 IS 8 BP 1766 EP 1778 DI 10.1175/2010JAMC2360.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 646CY UT WOS:000281514800014 ER PT J AU Morris, GA Komhyr, WD Hirokawa, J Flynn, J Lefer, B Krotkov, N Ngan, F AF Morris, Gary A. Komhyr, Walter D. Hirokawa, Jun Flynn, James Lefer, Barry Krotkov, Nicholay Ngan, Fong TI A Balloon Sounding Technique for Measuring SO2 Plumes SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OZONE MONITORING INSTRUMENT; VOLCANIC SULFUR-DIOXIDE; MAPPING SPECTROMETER; RETRIEVAL; MISSION; GOME; OBJECTIVES; SCIAMACHY; EMISSIONS; CLOUDS AB This paper reports on the development of a new technique for inexpensive measurements of SO2 profiles using a modified dual-ozonesonde instrument payload. The presence of SO2 interferes with the standard electrochemical cell (ECC) ozonesonde measurement, resulting in -1 molecule of O-3 reported for each molecule of SO2 present (provided [O-3] > [SO2]). In laboratory tests, an SO2 filter made with CrO3 placed on the inlet side of the sonde removes nearly 100% of the SO2 present for concentrations up to 60 ppbv and remained effective after exposure to 2.8 x 10(16) molecules of SO2 [equivalent to a column similar to 150 DU (1 DU = 2.69 x 10(20) molecules m(-2))]. Flying two ECC instruments on the same payload with one filtered and the other unfiltered yields SO2 profiles, inferred by subtraction. Laboratory tests and field experience suggest an SO2 detection limit of similar to 3 pbb with profiles valid from the surface to the ozonopause [i. e., similar to(8-10 km)]. Two example profiles demonstrate the success of this technique for both volcanic and industrial plumes. C1 [Morris, Gary A.] Valparaiso Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Komhyr, Walter D.] EnSci Corp, Boulder, CO USA. [Hirokawa, Jun] Hokkaido Univ, Fac Environm Earth Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. [Flynn, James; Lefer, Barry] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX USA. [Krotkov, Nicholay] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, GEST Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Ngan, Fong] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Morris, GA (reprint author), Valparaiso Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 1610 Campus Dr E, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. EM gary.morris@valpo.edu RI Krotkov, Nickolay/E-1541-2012; Hirokawa, Jun/H-8018-2012; Ngan, Fong/G-1324-2012; OI Krotkov, Nickolay/0000-0001-6170-6750; Ngan, Fong/0000-0002-7263-7727; Lefer, Barry/0000-0001-9520-5495 FU NASA; Japan-U.S. Educational Commission FX Funding for this work was provided by NASA's Aura Validation Program (D. Considine and E. Hilsentrath, program managers) and by the Japan-U.S. Educational Commission through a Fulbright Scholar grant. Thanks to the OMI team for the SO2 data and Hokkaido University and the Frontier Research Center for Global Change in Yokohama, Japan, for hosting the lead author of this study, with particular thanks to M. Fujiwara and F. Hasebe at Hokkaido University for assisting with the dual-sonde balloon flights from Sapporo, Japan, and to H. Akimoto for sponsoring my time in Japan. Special thanks also to the students at the University of Houston, in particular M. Taylor, N. Grossberg, and C. Haman, who helped with dual-sonde balloon flights and/or preparation of laboratory equipment for the SO2 filter test at UH and to Winston Luke for loaning us the SO2 analyzer for the laboratory test. Thanks to B. Johnson (NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory) for preparing the cathode and anode solutions used in this study, and thanks to Valparaiso University colleague Thomas Goyne and to the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments for improving our manuscript. The authors gratefully acknowledge the NOAA/Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and/or the READY Web site (http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready.php) used in this publication. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 27 IS 8 BP 1318 EP 1330 DI 10.1175/2010JTECHA1436.1 PG 13 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 641WB UT WOS:000281160600004 ER PT J AU Gopalan, K Wang, NY Ferraro, R Liu, CT AF Gopalan, Kaushik Wang, Nai-Yu Ferraro, Ralph Liu, Chuntao TI Status of the TRMM 2A12 Land Precipitation Algorithm SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROFILING ALGORITHM; RAINFALL ESTIMATION; RADAR; SSM/I; TMI AB This paper describes improvements to the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) land rainfall algorithm in version 7 (v7) of the TRMM data products. The correlations between rain rates and TMI 85-GHz brightness temperatures (Tb) for convective and stratiform rain are generated using 7 years of collocated TMI and TRMM precipitation radar (PR) data. The TMI algorithm for estimating the convective ratio of rainfall is also modified. This paper highlights both the improvements in the v7 algorithm and the continuing problems with the land rainfall retrievals. It is demonstrated that the proposed changes to the algorithm significantly lower the overestimation by TMI globally and over large sections of central Africa and South America. Also highlighted are the problems with the 2A12 land algorithm that have not been addressed in the version 7 algorithm, such as large regional and seasonal dependence of biases in the TMI rain estimates, and potential changes to the algorithm to resolve these problems are discussed. C1 [Gopalan, Kaushik; Ferraro, Ralph] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Cooperat Inst Climate Studies, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Ferraro, Ralph] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, SCSB, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Liu, Chuntao] Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Gopalan, K (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Cooperat Inst Climate Studies, 5825 Univ Res Ct Ste 4001, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM kaushik@umd.edu RI Ferraro, Ralph/F-5587-2010; Wang, Nai-Yu/E-5303-2016; Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015; OI Ferraro, Ralph/0000-0002-8393-7135; Gopalan, Kaushik/0000-0002-7980-6183 FU NASA; NOAA; University of Maryland/Cooperative Institute for Climate Studies FX The authors would like to acknowledge Professor Ed Zipser at the University of Utah for the use of the precipitation feature data base and the reviewers for making important criticisms and suggestions We are also grateful for the support from NASA (R. Kakar) and NOAA (C. Miller and J. Pereira). This work was partially supported through a grant between NOAA and the University of Maryland/Cooperative Institute for Climate Studies. NR 14 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 27 IS 8 BP 1343 EP 1354 DI 10.1175/2010JTECHA1454.1 PG 12 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 641WB UT WOS:000281160600006 ER PT J AU de Szoeke, SP Fairall, CW Wolfe, DE Bariteau, L Zuidema, P AF de Szoeke, Simon P. Fairall, Christopher W. Wolfe, Daniel E. Bariteau, Ludovic Zuidema, Paquita TI Surface Flux Observations on the Southeastern Tropical Pacific Ocean and Attribution of SST Errors in Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Models SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; BOUNDARY-LAYER DEPTH; EASTERN PACIFIC; MICROWAVE RADIOMETERS; SEASONAL CYCLE; HEAT FLUXES; PART I; CLIMATE; CLOUD; SEA AB A new dataset synthesizes in situ and remote sensing observations from research ships deployed to the southeastern tropical Pacific stratocumulus region for 7 years in boreal fall. Surface meteorology, turbulent and radiative fluxes, aerosols, cloud properties, and rawinsonde profiles were measured on nine ship transects along 20 degrees S from 75 degrees to 85 degrees W. Fluxes at the ocean surface are essential to the equilibrium SST. Solar radiation is the only warming net heat flux, with 180-200 W m(-2) in boreal fall. The strongest cooling is evaporation (60-100 W m(-2)), followed by net thermal infrared radiation (30 W m(-2)) and sensible heat flux (<10 W m(-2)). The 70 W m(-2) imbalance of heating at the surface reflects the seasonal SST tendency and some 30 W m(-2) cooling that is mostly due to ocean transport. Coupled models simulate significant SST errors in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. Three different observation-based gridded ocean surface flux products agree with ship and buoy observations, while fluxes simulated by 15 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 [CMIP3; used for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report] general circulation models have relatively large errors. This suggests the gridded observation-based flux datasets are sufficiently accurate for verifying coupled models. Longwave cooling and solar warming are correlated among model simulations, consistent with cloud radiative forcing and low cloud amount differences. In those simulations with excessive solar heating, elevated SST also results in larger evaporation and longwave cooling to compensate for the solar excess. Excessive turbulent heat fluxes (10-90 W m(-2) cooling, mostly evaporation) are the largest errors in simulations once the compensation between solar and longwave radiation is taken into account. In addition to excessive solar warming and evaporation, models simulate too little oceanic residual cooling in the southeastern tropical Pacific Ocean. C1 [de Szoeke, Simon P.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Fairall, Christopher W.; Wolfe, Daniel E.; Bariteau, Ludovic] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Bariteau, Ludovic] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zuidema, Paquita] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP de Szoeke, SP (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 104 COAS Admin Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM sdeszoek@coas.oregonstate.edu RI Zuidema, Paquita/C-9659-2013 OI Zuidema, Paquita/0000-0003-4719-372X FU U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) FX The U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s Climate Prediction Program for the Americas (CPPA) has supported this work, including the shipboard observations for the VOCALS regional experiment. We thank the crew and scientists aboard the NOAA R/V Ronald H. Brown and the UNOLS R/V Roger Revelle during the research cruises when we collected these measurements. We thank Sergio Pezoa and Dan Gottas for their continual development and maintenance of the shipboard NOAA PSD meteorology and flux measurement systems, and Dr. Peter Minnett for the use of his microwave radiometer in 2008. MODIS data were downloaded from the NASA Web site (available at http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/). We acknowledge the modeling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI), and the WCRP/CLIVAR Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP3 multimodel dataset. Support of the CMIP3 data set is provided by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. Data provided by the Met Office Hadley Centre are under Crown copyright, 2005. NR 52 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 23 IS 15 BP 4152 EP 4174 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3411.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 645WX UT WOS:000281498000008 ER PT J AU Li, YQ Yang, S AF Li, Yueqing Yang, Song TI A Dynamical Index for the East Asian Winter Monsoon SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE FORECAST SYSTEM; ARCTIC-OSCILLATION; SUMMER MONSOON; PACIFIC; PREDICTION; CHINA; SEA AB A new index measuring the East Asian winter monsoon is defined using the mean wind shears of upper-tropospheric zonal wind based on the belief that the physical processes of both higher and lower latitudes, and at both lower and upper troposphere, should be considered to depict the variability of monsoon. When the index is high (low), the westerly jet is strong (weak), the East Asian trough is deep (shallow), the Siberian high is strong (weak), and anomalous low-level northerlies (southerlies) prevail over East Asia. As a result, the surface and lower-tropospheric temperature over East Asia decreases (increases) and the cold surges over Southeast Asia and tropical western Pacific are more (less) active. The index, which exhibits distinct interannual variations, is also strongly correlated with the Arctic Oscillation and Nino-3.4 sea surface temperature (SST) index. Compared to previous indexes, this index takes into account more influencing factors and better elucidates the physical processes associated with monsoon, enhancing interpretations of the variability of monsoon and its effects on regional weather and climate. Furthermore, the monsoon index is significantly linked to antecedent tropical Pacific SST and is highly predictable in the NCEP Climate Forecast System, indicating the advantage of the index for operational predictions of monsoon. C1 [Yang, Song] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Li, Yueqing] China Meteorol Adm, Inst Plateau Meteorol, Chengdu, Peoples R China. RP Yang, S (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 605, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM song.yang@noaa.gov RI Yang, Song/B-4952-2009 FU Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2007DFB20210]; Sichuan Province of China [2008NG0009]; NOAA-CMA FX Yueging Li thanks NOAA's Climate Prediction Center for hosting his visit when this study was conducted. This research was jointly supported by program 2007DFB20210 from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, grant 2008NG0009 from Sichuan Province of China, and the NOAA-CMA Bilateral Program. NR 19 TC 44 Z9 55 U1 8 U2 37 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 23 IS 15 BP 4255 EP 4262 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3375.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 645WX UT WOS:000281498000015 ER PT J AU Lin, P Fu, QA Solomon, S Wallace, JM AF Lin, Pu Fu, Qiang Solomon, Susan Wallace, John M. TI Temperature Trend Patterns in Southern Hemisphere High Latitudes: Novel Indicators of Stratospheric Change (vol 22, pg 6325, 2009) SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Correction ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; POLAR VORTEX; OZONE DEPLETION; PLANETARY-WAVES; ANTARCTIC OZONE; ZONAL ASYMMETRY; MODEL; VARIABILITY; EVOLUTION; DYNAMICS AB Robust stratospheric temperature trend patterns are suggested in the winter and spring seasons in the Southern Hemisphere high latitudes from the satellite-borne Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) measurement for 1979-2007. These patterns serve as indicators of key processes governing temperature and ozone changes in the Antarctic. The observed patterns are characterized by cooling and warming regions of comparable magnitudes, with the strongest local trends occurring in September and October. In September, ozone depletion induces radiative cooling, and strengthening of the Brewer-Dobson circulation (BDC) induces dynamical warming. Because the trends induced by these two processes are centered in different locations in September, they do not cancel each other, but rather produce a wavelike structure. In contrast, during October, the ozone-induced radiative cooling and the BDC-induced warming exhibit a more zonally symmetric structure than in September, and hence largely cancel each other. However, the October quasi-stationary planetary wavenumber 1 has shifted eastward from 1979 to 2007, producing a zonal wavenumber-1 trend structure, which dominates the observed temperature trend pattern. Simulated temperature changes for 1979-2007 from coupled atmosphere ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) experiments run for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report (IPCC AR4) are compared with the observations. In general, the simulated temperature changes are dominated by zonally symmetric ozone-induced radiative cooling. The models fail to simulate the warming in the southern polar stratosphere, implying a lack of the BDC strengthening in these models. They also fail to simulate the quasi-stationary planetary wave changes observed in October and November. C1 [Lin, Pu; Fu, Qiang; Wallace, John M.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Solomon, Susan] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Lin, P (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, 408 ATG Bldg,Box 351640, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM plin@atmos.washington.edu FU NASA [NNX08AG91G]; NOAA [NA08OAR4310725]; NSF [0318675] FX We thank Drs. R. Ueyama, C. M. Johanson, and D. L. Hartmann for useful discussions. We acknowledge the modeling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnoisis and Intercomparison (PCMDI), and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modeling (WGCM) for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP3 multimodel dataset. Support of this dataset is provided by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. This work is supported by NASA Grant NNX08AG91G and NOAA Grant NA08OAR4310725. J. M. Wallace's participation in this work is funded by NSF Grant 0318675. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 23 IS 15 BP 4263 EP 4280 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3777.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 645WX UT WOS:000281498000017 ER PT J AU Romero, MC Tapella, F Stevens, B Buck, CL AF Romero, M. Carolina Tapella, Federico Stevens, Bradley Buck, C. Loren TI EFFECTS OF REPRODUCTIVE STAGE AND TEMPERATURE ON RATES OF OXYGEN CONSUMPTION PARALITHODES PLATYPUS (DECAPODA: ANOMURA) SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE blue king crab; brooding cost; oxygen availability; Paralithodes platypus; respirometry ID BLUE KING CRAB; PARALOMIS-GRANULOSA CRUSTACEA; EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; CHIONOECETES-BAIRDI; BIOCHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; MARINE-INVERTEBRATES; LITHODES-SANTOLLA; CANCER-SETOSUS; TANNER CRABS; SNOW CRAB AB Paralithodes platypus is a large decapod that inhabits Alaskan and North Pacific waters. Females exhibit a biennial spawning cycle, requiring two years for production of fully mature oocytes. We used respirometry and video recording to determine: 1) metabolic rates of brooding and post-brooding females, embryos, and larvae at different temperatures, 2) if females exhibit active brood care, 3) oxygen availability within the clutch, and 4) the timing of larval hatching. The rates of oxygen consumption (MO(2)) of brooding females was significantly higher than that of post-brooding females at night, but was similar during the day and increased significantly with temperature. MO(2) of crab embryos did not differ with position in the clutch, whereas MO(2) of zocae averaged 4-fold higher than that of embryos. Larvae from the periphery of the embryo mass, either top or bottom, hatched prior to larvae from the middle of the clutch. Oxygen availability in the embryo mass varied significantly with position in the clutch; saturation was highest at the top (similar to 91%), and lowest at the middle (similar to 66%). Flapping of the pleon in brooding females was coincident with sudden increases in oxygen availability at the bottom of the embryo mass. The percentage of time that brooding females were engaged in flapping of the pleon was 30% higher at night than during the day. Our results address the cost of brooding in a lithodid crab and the effects of temperature on this behavior. The importance of pleonal flapping to ventilation of the embryo mass and alternative hatching mechanisms is discussed. C1 [Buck, C. Loren] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fishery Ind Technol Ctr, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. [Romero, M. Carolina; Tapella, Federico; Stevens, Bradley] Kodiak Fishery Res Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Romero, MC (reprint author), Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, CADIC, Ctr Austral Invest Cient, Houssay 200,V9410CAB Ushuaia, Tierra Del Fuego, Argentina. EM carofrau@gmail.com; ftapella@gmail.com; bstevens@umassd.edu; Loren@uaa.alaska.edu FU North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) [R0507]; University of Alaska Sea; Consejo Federal Pesquero; Government of Tierra del Fuego, Argentina; CONICET [PIP 6187]; ANPCyT [PICT 06-1230] FX We are thankful to S. Van Sant, S. Persselin, K. Swiney, S. Hanna, S.Y. El Mejjati and A.H. Haukenes for their help in laboratory assistance, and to G.A. Lovrich for useful comments of an earlier version of the manuscript. This research was supported by grant No R0507 from the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) to C.L.B. and B.G.S. We also thank to the University of Alaska Sea Grant Program for supplementary funding. M.C.R. and F.T. thank the Consejo Federal Pesquero and the Government of Tierra del Fuego, Argentina, for financing the travel from Ushuaia to Kodiak. Additional fundings from CONICET-PIP 6187 and ANPCyT PICT 06-1230 are appreciated. NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 11 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 USA SN 0278-0372 J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 30 IS 3 BP 393 EP 400 DI 10.1651/09-3203.1 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 613HC UT WOS:000278969000007 ER PT J AU Bresciani, E Wagner, WC Navarro, MFL Dickens, SH Peters, MC AF Bresciani, E. Wagner, W. C. Navarro, M. F. L. Dickens, S. H. Peters, M. C. TI In vivo Dentin Microhardness beneath a Calcium-Phosphate Cement SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE dental caries; Knoop hardness; Ca-PO(4) cement; bioactive cement; RCT ID CARIOUS DENTIN; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; YOUNGS MODULUS; CARIES REMOVAL; HARDNESS; LESIONS; RESTORATIONS; STRENGTH; VITRO AB A minimally invasive caries-removal technique preserves potentially repairable, caries-affected dentin. Mineral-releasing cements may promote remineralization of soft residual dentin. This study evaluated the in vivo remineralization capacity of resin-based calcium-phosphate cement (Ca-PO(4)) used for indirect pulp-capping. Permanent carious and sound teeth indicated for extraction were excavated and restored either with or without the Ca-PO(4) base (control), followed by adhesive restoration. Study teeth were extracted after 3 months, followed by sectioning and in vitro microhardness analysis of the cavity floor to 115-mu m depth. Caries-affected dentin that received acid conditioning prior to Ca-PO(4) basing showed significantly increased Knoop hardness near the cavity floor. The non-etched group presented results similar to those of the non-treated group. Acid etching prior to cement application increased microhardness of residual dentin near the interface after 3 months in situ. C1 [Peters, M. C.] Univ Michigan, Sch Dent, Dept Cariol Restorat Sci & Endodont, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Wagner, W. C.] Univ Detroit Mercy, Sch Dent, Dept Restorat Dent, Detroit, MI 48221 USA. [Navarro, M. F. L.] Univ Sao Paulo, Bauru Sch Dent, Dept Dent Mat Endodont & Operat Dent, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Dickens, S. H.] Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Peters, MC (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Dent, Dept Cariol Restorat Sci & Endodont, Room 2345,1100 N Univ, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM mcpete@umich.edu RI Bresciani, Eduardo/C-9461-2012; Navarro, Maria Fidela /D-9498-2012 OI Bresciani, Eduardo/0000-0003-1665-5733; FU Dentigenix/Ivoclar-Vivadent AG (Schaan, Liechtenstein); U-Michigan; CAPES, Brazil [BEX3404-8]; NIDCR [DE013298] FX The authors thank Dr. R. B. Rutherford (U-Washington, Seattle) for contributing to the study design; Drs. T.J.E. Barata, T.C. Fagundes, and R.L. Navarro (U-Sao Paulo, Bauru) for their excellent clinical work; and Kathy Welch (UM-CSCAR) for statistical assistance. This study was supported by Dentigenix/Ivoclar-Vivadent AG (Schaan, Liechtenstein), by U-Michigan, and by CAPES #BEX3404-8 (Brazil). Co-author SHD developed RCPC at the Paffenbarger Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation. Her research was supported by NIDCR Grant No. DE013298. She was not involved in data collection or analysis, but contributed to manuscript writing. Preliminary data were presented at the 2006 Annual Meeting of the American Association for Dental Research, Orlando, FL, USA (Abstr #482). NR 32 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 89 IS 8 BP 836 EP 841 DI 10.1177/0022034510369292 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 629JY UT WOS:000280194800015 PM 20511564 ER PT J AU Carlson, JK Ribera, MM Conrath, CL Heupel, MR Burgess, GH AF Carlson, J. K. Ribera, M. M. Conrath, C. L. Heupel, M. R. Burgess, G. H. TI Habitat use and movement patterns of bull sharks Carcharhinus leucas determined using pop-up satellite archival tags SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE geolocation; habitat utilization; residency ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; GULF-OF-MEXICO; NEGAPRION-BREVIROSTRIS; FLORIDA ESTUARY; WHITE SHARKS; WHALE SHARKS; GEOLOCATION; MIGRATION; BEHAVIOR; OCEAN AB Habitat use, movement and residency of bull sharks Carcharhinus leucas were determined using satellite pop-up archival transmitting (PAT) tags throughout coastal areas in the U.S., Gulf of Mexico and waters off the south-east U.S. From 2005 to 2007, 18 fish (mean size = 164 cm fork length, L(F)) were tagged over all seasons. Fish retained tags for up to 85 days (median = 30 days). Based on geolocation data from initial tagging location to pop-off location, C. leucas generally travelled c. 5-6 km day-1 and travelled an average of 143 center dot 6 km. Overall, mean proportions of time at depth revealed C. leucas spent the majority of their time in waters < 20 m. They exhibited significant differences among depths but were not found at a particular depth regardless of diurnal period. Most fish occupied temperatures c. 32 degrees C with individuals found mostly between 26 and 33 degrees C. Geolocation data for C. leucas were generally poor and varied considerably but tracks for two individuals revealed long distance movements. One fish travelled from the south-east coast of the U.S. to coastal Texas near Galveston while another moved up the east coast of the U.S. to South Carolina. Data on C. leucas movements indicated that they are found primarily in shallower waters and tend to remain in the same location over long periods. While some individuals made large-scale movements over open ocean areas, the results emphasize the importance of the coastal zone for this species as potential essential habitat, particularly in areas of high freshwater inflow. C1 [Carlson, J. K.; Ribera, M. M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. [Conrath, C. L.; Burgess, G. H.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Florida Program Shark Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Heupel, M. R.] Mote Marine Lab, Ctr Shark Res, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. RP Carlson, JK (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. EM john.carlson@noaa.gov FU Florida Sea Grant Program; Florida Museum of Natural History; U.S. Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA06 OAR-4170014] FX NOAA Fisheries Service-Southeast Fisheries Science Center and Highly Migratory Species Office, the Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida and Mote Marine Laboratory provided staff and field support funding. Thanks to C. Sasso and S. Epperly for providing PAT tags during year 1 and N. Thompson and A. Chester for helping with attaining funds for tags in years 2 and 3. Additional PAT tags were procured through funding provided by the Florida Sea Grant Program and the Robert Dorian Research Professorship at the Florida Museum of Natural History. S. Mathews provided assistance with outfitting PAT tags for deployment. M. Musyl and D. Kerstetter gave their insight into the problems associated with PAT tags. D. Bethea, W. Driggers, M. Grace, L. Hollensead, A. Morgan and M. Press helped with the deployment of PAT tags. This publication was supported by the National Sea Grant College Program of the U.S. Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Grant No. NA06 OAR-4170014. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of these organizations. NR 42 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 45 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 77 IS 3 BP 661 EP 675 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02707.x PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 635GP UT WOS:000280643900014 PM 20701646 ER PT J AU Anderson, EJ Schwab, DJ Lang, GA AF Anderson, Eric J. Schwab, David J. Lang, Gregory A. TI Real-Time Hydraulic and Hydrodynamic Model of the St. Clair River, Lake St. Clair, Detroit River System SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Hydrodynamics; Hydraulic models; River systems; Great lakes; Forecasting ID CIRCULATION; WIND AB The Huron-Erie Corridor serves as a major waterway in the Great Lakes and is the connecting channel between Lake Huron and Lake Erie. The system consists of the St. Clair River, Lake St. Clair, and the Detroit River, and serves as a recreational waterway, source of drinking water for Detroit and surrounding cities, as well as the only shipping channel to Lakes Huron, Michigan, and Superior. This paper describes a three-dimensional unsteady model of the combined system and its application to real-time predictions of physical conditions over the corridor. The hydrodynamic model produces nowcasts eight times per day and 48 h forecasts twice a day. Comparisons between model simulations and observed values show average differences of 3 cm for water levels and 12 cm/s for along-channel currents in the St. Clair River (compared to mean current values of 1.7 m/s) for the period of September 2007 to August 2008. Simulations reveal a spatially and temporally variable circulation in Lake St. Clair as well as significant changes in flow rate and distribution through the St. Clair Delta not accounted for in previous models. C1 [Anderson, Eric J.; Schwab, David J.; Lang, Gregory A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Anderson, EJ (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 4840 S State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RI Schwab, David/B-7498-2012; OI Anderson, Eric/0000-0001-5342-8383 FU National Research Council FX The writers would like to thank David Holtschlag of the USGS Michigan Water Science Center for his significant contributions to the model presented in this paper. His development of a two-dimensional, steady-state model of the Huron-Erie Corridor served as the building block for the operational model calibration and development. Furthermore, the writers would like to thank Changsheng Chen and the FVCOM team at the University of Massachusetts for their help with model setup. This research was performed while Eric J. Anderson held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. This is GLERL Publication Number 1542. NR 26 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 17 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD AUG PY 2010 VL 136 IS 8 BP 507 EP 518 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000203 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 626UC UT WOS:000279991600005 ER PT J AU Sharif, HO Sparks, L Hassan, AA Zeitler, J Xie, HJ AF Sharif, Hatim O. Sparks, Leon Hassan, Almoutaz A. Zeitler, Jon Xie, Hongjie TI Application of a Distributed Hydrologic Model to the November 17, 2004, Flood of Bull Creek Watershed, Austin, Texas SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE NEXRAD-MPE; Floods; Distributed hydrologic modeling; Precipitation; Runoff ID FLASH-FLOOD; PARAMETERS AB This study presents a hydrologic analysis of a flood event that took place over a small urbanizing watershed in Austin, Texas. The physically based, distributed-parameter gridded surface subsurface hydrologic analysis (GSSHA) hydrologic model was used to simulate the watershed response to a very high-intensity rain event. The hydrologic model was forced by both gauge-observed and multisensor precipitation estimator (MPE) rainfall input. Observed discharge was compared to GSSHA-generated hydrograph under various degrees of representation of the watershed physiography. In addition, simulation hydrographs by GSSHA using five different model grid sizes were compared in order to evaluate the effect of grid size on model predictions. The simulation hydrograph for the model using a 30-m grid cell generally compared well to the observed flow data once the effects of storm water detention were simulated. The comparison of simulation results from models using 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 m grid size highlighted the loss of accuracy as the model grid size is increased. Driving the hydrologic model by data from the two rain gauges existing on the watershed resulted in significant overestimation of the runoff. C1 [Sharif, Hatim O.; Hassan, Almoutaz A.] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Sparks, Leon] Chiang Patel & Yerby Inc, Austin, TX USA. [Zeitler, Jon] NOAA NWS, Austin San Antonio Weather Forecast Off, New Braunfels, TX USA. [Xie, Hongjie] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. RP Sharif, HO (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. RI Sharif, Hatim/E-4426-2010; Xie, Hongjie/B-5845-2009 OI Xie, Hongjie/0000-0003-3516-1210 FU NOAA [NA06NWS4680012] FX This study was supported in part by a NOAA Grant (Grant No. NA06NWS4680012). Help from Austin/San Antonio National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office staff is greatly appreciated. Comments on the original manuscript by Aaron Byrd of the Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) are sincerely appreciated. NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 15 IS 8 BP 651 EP 657 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000228 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 626VT UT WOS:000279996200006 ER PT J AU Wang, H Fu, R Kumar, A Li, WH AF Wang, Hui Fu, Rong Kumar, Arun Li, Wenhong TI Intensification of Summer Rainfall Variability in the Southeastern United States during Recent Decades SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; ATLANTIC MULTIDECADAL OSCILLATION; US PRECIPITATION; NORTH-AMERICAN; GREAT-PLAINS; HEAT WAVES; DROUGHT; PACIFIC; CLIMATE; ANOMALIES AB The variability of summer precipitation in the southeastern United States is examined in this study using 60-yr (1948-2007) rainfall data. The Southeast summer rainfalls exhibited higher interannual variability with more intense summer droughts and anomalous wetness in the recent 30 years (1978-2007) than in the prior 30 years (1948-77). Such intensification of summer rainfall variability was consistent with a decrease of light (0.1-1 mm day(-1)) and medium (1-10 mm day(-1)) rainfall events during extremely dry summers and an increase of heavy (>10 mm day(-1)) rainfall events in extremely wet summers. Changes in rainfall variability were also accompanied by a southward shift of the region of maximum zonal wind variability at the jet stream level in the latter period. The covariability between the Southeast summer precipitation and sea surface temperatures (SSTs) is also analyzed using the singular value decomposition (SVD) method. It is shown that the increase of Southeast summer precipitation variability is primarily associated with a higher SST variability across the equatorial Atlantic and also SST warming in the Atlantic. C1 [Wang, Hui; Kumar, Arun] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Wang, Hui] Wyle Informat Syst, Mclean, VA USA. [Fu, Rong] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX USA. [Li, Wenhong] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch, Durham, NC USA. RP Wang, H (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM hui.wang@noaa.gov RI Fu, Rong/B-4922-2011; Wang, Hui/B-6516-2008 FU NOAA [GC06-246] FX This work was supported by the NOAA Climate Prediction Program for the Americas (CPPA) Grant GC06-246. The NOAA ERSST version 3 data and NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data are provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL/PSD, Boulder, Colorado, from their Web site (available at http://www.cdc.noaa.gov). We thank Drs. Douglas Le Comte, Robert E. Dickinson, and Scott J. Weaver; three anonymous reviewers; and the editor for their insightful and constructive comments and suggestions. NR 37 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 28 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 11 IS 4 BP 1007 EP 1018 DI 10.1175/2010JHM1229.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 639EY UT WOS:000280955600011 ER PT J AU Lehman, JH Hurst, KE Singh, G Mansfield, E Perkins, JD Cromer, CL AF Lehman, John H. Hurst, Katherine E. Singh, Gurpreet Mansfield, Elisabeth Perkins, John D. Cromer, Christopher L. TI Core-shell composite of SiCN and multiwalled carbon nanotubes from toluene dispersion SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 [Lehman, John H.; Mansfield, Elisabeth; Cromer, Christopher L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hurst, Katherine E.; Perkins, John D.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Singh, Gurpreet] Kansas State Univ, Mech & Nucl Engn Dept, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Lehman, JH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM lehman@boulder.nist.gov RI Mansfield, Elisabeth/C-5258-2012; Singh, Gurpreet/J-9083-2012 OI Mansfield, Elisabeth/0000-0003-2463-0966; NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 45 IS 15 BP 4251 EP 4254 DI 10.1007/s10853-010-4611-4 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 608JO UT WOS:000278580100040 ER PT J AU Zhang, A Hess, KW Aikman, F AF Zhang, A. Hess, K. W. Aikman, F., III TI User-based skill assessment techniques for operational hydrodynamic forecast systems SO JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID COUPLED BIOLOGICAL/PHYSICAL MODELS; MARINE SYSTEMS; FORMULATION AB NOAA's National Ocean Service (NOS) applies hydrodynamic models for the development, transition and implementation of operational forecast systems in US estuaries, ports, lakes and the coastal ocean. These models and systems have applications in the support of safe and efficient marine navigation and emergency response, as well as marine geospatial and ecological applications. As part of the forecast system development, skill assessment is required to evaluate each model system. A forecast model has to be ensured that it has been developed and implemented in a scientifically sound and operationally robust way, and its performance should meet or exceed target benchmarks before its products are approved for release to the public. This paper discusses a new approach for the development of standards and procedures for skill assessment of operational forecast systems, which are designed primarily to support marine transportation and emergency response. Accordingly, this skill assessment focuses on variables, statistics and targets that are of the most use to these communities. The components of skill assessment include: data analysis techniques. definition of model run scenarios and statistical variables, and NOS target values and acceptance criteria. In addition, a large suite of skill assessment software has been developed to compute the new skill assessment scores using data files containing modelled variables and observed data. This software ingests model forecasts and observational data, fills in gaps, creates time series, extracts skill-specific parameters, and computes the skill scores. The software has been tested and applied to all NOS operational forecast systems C1 [Zhang, A.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Coast Survey Dev Lab, Ctr Operat Oceanog Prod & Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Aikman, F., III] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Coast Survey Dev Lab, Marine Modeling & Anal Programs, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Hess, K. W.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Coast Survey Dev Lab, Fields Numer Circulat Modelling & Environm Foreca, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Zhang, A (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Coast Survey Dev Lab, Ctr Operat Oceanog Prod & Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU INST MARINE ENGINEERING, SCI & TECHNOL PI LONDON PA 80 COLEMAN ST, LONDON EC2R 5BJ, ENGLAND SN 1755-876X J9 J OPER OCEANOGR JI J. Oper. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 3 IS 2 BP 11 EP 24 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 646VH UT WOS:000281570800003 ER PT J AU Abdulagatova, ZZ Abdulagatov, IM Emirov, SN AF Abdulagatova, Zumrud Z. Abdulagatov, Ilmutdin M. Emirov, Subkhanverdi N. TI Effect of pressure, temperature, and oil-saturation on the thermal conductivity of sandstone up to 250 MPa and 520 K SO JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE heat transfer; high pressure; porous rocks; thermal conductivity; transport processes; sandstone ID POROUS-MEDIA; HEAT-FLOW; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; TRANSIENT TECHNIQUE; CRYSTALLINE QUARTZ; SEDIMENTARY-ROCKS; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; FUSED QUARTZ; FLASH METHOD; DIFFUSIVITY AB Effective thermal conductivity (ETC) of oil-saturated sandstone (porosity 13%) have been measured over a temperature range from (288 to 520)K and at pressures up to 250 MPa with a steady-state parallel-plate apparatus. The expanded uncertainty of thermal conductivity, pressure, and temperature measurements at the 95% confidence level with a coverage factor of k = 2 were estimated to be 2%, 0.05%, and 30 mK, respectively. The estimated uncertainty in ETC measurement does not include the uncertainty due to contact thermal resistance and radiative conductivity. A rapid increase of ETC was found for oil-saturated sandstone at low pressures between (0.1 and 100) MPa along various isotherms. At high pressures (P > 100 MPa) a weak linear dependence of the ETC with pressure was observed. The pressure effect is negligible small after the first 100 MPa where bridging of microcracks or improvement of grain contacts take place. The temperature, (partial derivative ln lambda/partial derivative T)(P), and pressure, (partial derivative ln lambda/partial derivative P)(T), coefficients for oil-saturated sandstone were calculated by using the measured ETC. We interpreted measured ETC data for oil-saturated sandstone using various theoretical models in order to check their accuracy, predictive capability, and applicability. We demonstrated that the combined effect of porosity, temperature, pressure, and fluid saturation can be predicted accurately using a Zimmerman's model. The effect of saturating fluids, structure (size, shape, and distribution of the pores), porosity, and mineralogical composition on temperature and pressure dependences of the ETC of oil-saturated sandstone was discussed. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Abdulagatova, Zumrud Z.; Abdulagatov, Ilmutdin M.; Emirov, Subkhanverdi N.] Russian Acad Sci, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Geothermal Res Inst, Makhachkala 367003, Dagestan, Russia. RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov NR 133 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-4105 J9 J PETROL SCI ENG JI J. Pet. Sci. Eng. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 73 IS 1-2 BP 141 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.petrol.2010.05.016 PG 15 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 638JF UT WOS:000280889800016 ER PT J AU Brandt, P Hormann, V Kortzinger, A Visbeck, M Krahmann, G Stramma, L Lumpkin, R Schmid, C AF Brandt, Peter Hormann, Verena Koertzinger, Arne Visbeck, Martin Krahmann, Gerd Stramma, Lothar Lumpkin, Rick Schmid, Claudia TI Changes in the Ventilation of the Oxygen Minimum Zone of the Tropical North Atlantic SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID OCEAN; WATER; THERMOCLINE; CIRCULATION; PYCNOCLINE; TRACER; FLUXES; MODEL; JETS; GYRE AB Changes in the ventilation of the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) of the tropical North Atlantic are studied using oceanographic data from 18 research cruises carried out between 28.5 degrees and 23 degrees W during 1999-2008 as well as historical data referring to the period 1972-85. In the core of the OMZ at about 400-m depth, a highly significant oxygen decrease of about 15 mu mol kg(-1) is found between the two periods. During the same time interval, the salinity at the oxygen minimum increased by about 0.1. Above the core of the OMZ, within the central water layer, oxygen decreased too, but salinity changed only slightly or even decreased. The scatter in the local oxygen-salinity relations decreased from the earlier to the later period suggesting a reduced filamentation due to mesoscale eddies and/or zonal jets acting on the background gradients. Here it is suggested that latitudinally alternating zonal jets with observed amplitudes of a few centimeters per second in the depth range of the OMZ contribute to the ventilation of the OMZ. A conceptual model of the ventilation of the OMZ is used to corroborate the hypothesis that changes in the strength of zonal jets affect mean oxygen levels in the OMZ. According to the model, a weakening of zonal jets, which is in general agreement with observed hydrographic evidences, is associated with a reduction of the mean oxygen levels that could significantly contribute to the observed deoxygenation of the North Atlantic OMZ. C1 [Brandt, Peter; Hormann, Verena; Koertzinger, Arne; Visbeck, Martin; Krahmann, Gerd; Stramma, Lothar] IFM GEOMAR, Leibniz Inst Meereswissensch, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. [Lumpkin, Rick; Schmid, Claudia] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Brandt, P (reprint author), IFM GEOMAR, Leibniz Inst Meereswissensch, Dusternbrooker Weg 20, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. EM pbrandt@ifm-geomar.de RI Visbeck, Martin/G-2461-2011; Brandt, Peter/C-8254-2013; Lumpkin, Rick/C-9615-2009; Kortzinger, Arne/A-4141-2014; Schmid, Claudia/D-5875-2013; Visbeck, Martin/B-6541-2016 OI Visbeck, Martin/0000-0002-0844-834X; Brandt, Peter/0000-0002-9235-955X; Lumpkin, Rick/0000-0002-6690-1704; Kortzinger, Arne/0000-0002-8181-3593; Schmid, Claudia/0000-0003-2132-4736; Visbeck, Martin/0000-0002-0844-834X FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [Sonderforschungsbereich 754]; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research FX We thank Carsten Eden and Marcus Dengler for helpful discussions. This study was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft as part of the Sonderforschungsbereich 754 "Climate-Biogeochemistry Interactions in the Tropical Ocean" and by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research as part of the cooperative project "Nordatlantik." NR 47 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 41 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 40 IS 8 BP 1784 EP 1801 DI 10.1175/2010JPO4301.1 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 646ET UT WOS:000281520800007 ER PT J AU Kimmel, DG Boicourt, WC Pierson, JJ Roman, MR Zhang, XS AF Kimmel, David G. Boicourt, William C. Pierson, James J. Roman, Michael R. Zhang, Xinsheng TI The vertical distribution and diel variability of mesozooplankton biomass, abundance and size in response to hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico USA SO JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL PLANKTON COUNTER; OXYGEN-MINIMUM-ZONE; ANCHOVIES ANCHOA SPP.; CHESAPEAKE BAY; CALANOID COPEPODS; ZOOPLANKTON; MIGRATION; EUTROPHICATION; CONSEQUENCES; ECOSYSTEM AB The biological response of mesozooplankton (250-2000 mu m size range) to hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico was investigated using an optical plankton counter (OPC) and a high-capacity pump. We sampled the water column in an area with the most persistent occurrence of hypoxia every 4 h for a 24-h period in both years. The amount of hypoxic bottom water differed between 2006 and 2007, with 2006 having more widespread bottom hypoxia than 2007. Large-sized mesozooplankton (>1000 mu m) were more abundant in 2006 and were found in greater abundance and biomass in hypoxic water. Small- (250-500 mu m) and mid-sized (500-1000 mu m) mesozooplankton showed did l variability, but did not appear to respond to hypoxia. The opposite pattern was observed in 2007, where smaller-sized mesozooplankton were dominant and did l variability in this size class was not detected, whereas large- and mid-sized mesozooplankton did show evidence of did l variability in 2007. Using a vital staining technique (neutral red), we found a significantly higher proportion of stained mesozooplankton in oxic, surface waters compared with deep, hypoxic waters. These findings show that mesozooplankton vertical and did distributions differed between a year with widespread, bottom hypoxia and a year with a thin layer of hypoxic water. It remains unclear as to what is driving these size differences, the direct impact of hypoxia on mesozooplankton individual or egg mortality differential predation in the water column or other factors such as more nutrient input related to increases in zooplankton production. C1 [Kimmel, David G.; Boicourt, William C.; Pierson, James J.; Roman, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. [Zhang, Xinsheng] Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. RP Kimmel, DG (reprint author), E Carolina Univ, Inst Coastal Sci & Policy, Dept Biol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. EM kimmeld@ecu.edu RI Kimmel, David/A-9643-2012; Pierson, James/B-7278-2008; roman, michael/F-9425-2013 OI Kimmel, David/0000-0001-7232-7801; Pierson, James/0000-0002-5248-5850; FU NOAA [NA06NOS4780148] FX This work was supported by NOAA Award NA06NOS4780148 to W.C.B., D.G.K. and M.R.R. This is NGOMEX contribution #129. This is UMCES contribution #4372. NR 60 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 29 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0142-7873 J9 J PLANKTON RES JI J. Plankton Res. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1185 EP 1202 DI 10.1093/plankt/fbp136 PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 634EL UT WOS:000280562300007 ER PT J AU Leverone, JR Geiger, SP Stephenson, SP Arnold, WS AF Leverone, Jay R. Geiger, Stephen P. Stephenson, Sarah P. Arnold, William S. TI INCREASE IN BAY SCALLOP (ARGOPECTEN IRRADIANS) POPULATIONS FOLLOWING RELEASES OF COMPETENT LARVAE IN TWO WEST FLORIDA ESTUARIES SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bay scallops; Argopecten irradians; restoration; population dynamics; larvae; recruitment; Florida ID SHELLFISH RESTORATION; COASTAL WATERS; STRATEGIES; RECRUITMENT; RIVER; USA; ENHANCEMENT; MORTALITY; FISHERY; LAMARCK AB We propose the release of ready-to-set pediveliger larvae as a restoration strategy for bivalve shellfish. In this study, bay scallop (Argopecten irradians) larvae were released within two West Florida estuaries (Pine Island Sound and Boca Ciega Bay) currently closed to scallop harvest and where local scallop populations are severely depleted relative to historical abundances. Populations in both estuaries appear to have limited larval supply and show no tendency toward natural recovery after decades of decline. Larvae were either released into enclosures or free released on four separate dates in each estuary. On a given day we used 1, 2, 3, or 4 enclosures per site; multiple release sites; and multiple releases within a year. Assessments were made via several methods, including larval recruitment to collectors, juvenile quadrat surveys, adult timed surveys, and adult transect surveys. In Pine Island Sound, following the initial larval releases in 2003, an isolated recovery in adult scallops was observed at the release site in 2004 followed by a massive resurgence in the local population in 2005. This population declined dramatically in 2006, however, and had completely collapsed by 2007. In Boca Ciega Bay, the series of larval releases did not immediately produce any detectable scallop patches, but the combined releases did immediately precede a population resurgence to levels greater than had been observed in the past three decades. Scallop abundance increased 10-fold at 10 stations in Boca Ciega Bay from 2007 to 2008. In both Pine Island Sound and Boca Ciega Bay, the increases in scallop populations were probably the result of successful survival, growth, and reproduction of the released larvae, followed by successful recruitment and growth of the subsequent generation. C1 [Geiger, Stephen P.; Stephenson, Sarah P.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Leverone, Jay R.] Sarasota Bay Estuary Program, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Arnold, William S.] NOAA, SE Reg Off, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Geiger, SP (reprint author), Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, 100 8th Ave SE, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM Steve.Geiger@MyFWC.com FU Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program; South Florida Water Management District; Mote Scientific Foundation; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation [2005-0003-004, 2007-0089-003]; Florida Saltwater Fishing License, Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund [MML-08-02]; Ocean Trust [OT-2005-05] FX The authors thank Curtis D. Hemmel of Bay Shellfish Company for shellfish production; Melanie Parker, Janessa Cobb, Mark Gambordella, Anthony Vasilis, and Michael Drexler, from Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute; Peter Clark and Chris Sutton from Tampa Bay Watch; Jaime Greenawalt-Boswell, A. J. Martignette, Brad Klement, Lauren Linsmayer, Justin Spinelli and Jonathan Guinn from Sanibel Captiva Conservation Foundation; Kendra Willett, Susan White, Lisa Vormwald, Andrew Thornton, Cheryl Parrott, Christie Sampson, and Yurie Aitken from J.N. "Ding" Darling National Wildlife Refuge; and Catherine Corbett from Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program. Funding was provided by Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program, South Florida Water Management District, Mote Scientific Foundation, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (Pinellas County Environmental Fund: 2005-0003-004, 2007-0089-003), Florida Saltwater Fishing License, Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund (MML-08-02), and Ocean Trust (OT-2005-05). Judy Colvocoresses, Jim Quinn, Janet Ley, and Sarah Walters provided valuable editorial comments to earlier drafts of this manuscript. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 29 IS 2 BP 395 EP 406 DI 10.2983/035.029.0216 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 632UY UT WOS:000280455700016 ER PT J AU Deangelis, BM Cooper, R Clancy, M Cooper, C Angell, T Olszewski, S Colburn, W Catena, J AF Deangelis, Bryan M. Cooper, Richard Clancy, Michael Cooper, Christopher Angell, Thomas Olszewski, Scott Colburn, Warren (Ted) Catena, John TI IMPACTS OF V-NOTCHING THE AMERICAN LOBSTER SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE v-notch; lobster; North Cape; oil spill; Homarus americanus ID EPIZOOTIC SHELL DISEASE; HOMARUS-AMERICANUS; WATERS AB Little information exists on the effects of lobsters that have been v-notched. To help analyze the results of the North Cape restoration program, which released 1.248 million v-notched females, a controlled v-notching laboratory experiment was conducted to determine whether mortality, shell disease, and the rate of notch loss differed between groups of notched and unnotched lobsters. Results from a 2-y tank study indicate that v-notching did not have a significant negative impact on survival or disease susceptibility. After the first molt since being v-notched, 97% of lobsters were harvestable (according to southern New England lobster management definitions at the time of the restoration effort); 59% of lobsters had v-notches less than 6.35 mm (1/4 in); and 84% of the lobsters exhibited visual setal hairs in the notch. Digital images of v-notches were analyzed to examine repair rate of v-notches per molt. Notches were examined in relation to 2 v-notch depths that have been considered by southern New England lobster fishery managers: 6.35 mm (1/4 in) and 3.18 mm (1/8 in). Of lobsters that molted once, the mean and median v-notch depth was less than 6.35 mm (1/4 in). All of them still had v-notches greater than 3.18 mm (1/8 in). Of the lobsters that molted twice, 100% had v-notches less than 6.35 mm (1/4 in), whereas only the 25(th) percentile had v-notches less than 3.18 mm (1/8 in). C1 [Deangelis, Bryan M.] NOAA, Restorat Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Cooper, Richard] Univ Connecticut, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Clancy, Michael] Eastern Connecticut State Univ, Willimantic, CT 06226 USA. [Cooper, Richard; Cooper, Christopher; Colburn, Warren (Ted)] Ocean Technol Fdn, Mystic, CT 06355 USA. [Angell, Thomas; Olszewski, Scott] Rhode Isl Dept Environm Management, Jamestown, RI 02835 USA. [Catena, John] NOAA, Restorat Ctr, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. RP Deangelis, BM (reprint author), NOAA, Restorat Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett Lab, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM Bryan.DeAngelis@noaa.gov NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 29 IS 2 BP 489 EP 496 DI 10.2983/035.029.0227 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 632UY UT WOS:000280455700027 ER PT J AU Soler, T Smith, D AF Soler, Tomas Smith, Dru TI Rigorous Estimation of Local Accuracies SO JOURNAL OF SURVEYING ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Land surveying; Adjustment of data; Local accuracies AB This technical note introduces a rigorous calculation of "local accuracies." The term local accuracies refers to the relative error between two arbitrary points (uncertainty of one point with respect to the other), expressed in a local horizon three-dimensional reference frame (e,n,u), that were connected using any geodetic-surveying methodology [optical procedures, global positioning system (GPS), etc.]. It is calculated as a function of the full global Cartesian variance-covariance matrix of the (x,y,z) coordinates of the points defining the spatial network. C1 [Soler, Tomas; Smith, Dru] NOAA, NOS, Natl Geodet Survey, Spatial Reference Syst Div, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Soler, T (reprint author), NOAA, NOS, Natl Geodet Survey, Spatial Reference Syst Div, 1315 E-W Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Tom.Soler@noaa.gov; Dru.Smith@noaa.gov RI Soler, Tomas/F-6386-2010 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9453 J9 J SURV ENG-ASCE JI J. Surv. Eng.-ASCE PD AUG PY 2010 VL 136 IS 3 BP 120 EP 125 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000023 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 626UH UT WOS:000279992100004 ER PT J AU Li, XP AF Li, Xiaopeng TI Interpolating Surface Gravity Data for Assessing the Accuracy of a Ground Inertial Navigation System/Global Positioning System Gravimetric System SO JOURNAL OF SURVEYING ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Gravity; INS; GPS; Interpolation; LSC; Multi-quadrics AB High-resolution gravity data are efficiently collected by using a ground-vehicle-based inertial navigation system/global positioning system (INS/GPS) gravimetric system due to its closeness to the terrain and relatively speedy process. Previous studies have shown that this system has better than 1 mGal repeatability. However, the validation of the absolute precision is limited by the availability of ground control data and the selected interpolation method. Careful comparisons of the gravity estimates with independent ground control are necessary to arrive at a better knowledge of the system's precision. First, several interpolation schemes are designed to interpolate the control data to known values along the ground tracks. The computation results show that the least square collocation method provides the most accurate interpolates of the surface data set, while the three-dimensional multi-quadrics method works well after applying the terrain correction. The best-estimated control data used have better than 3 mGal precision agreement with the wave-correlated gravity estimates obtained at the tracks of the INS/GPS gravimetric system. C1 [Li, Xiaopeng] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Div Geodesy & Geospatial Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Li, XP (reprint author), NOAA, NOS, Natl Geodet Survey, 1315 E-W Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Xiaopeng.Li@noaa.gov RI Li, Xiaopeng/A-8468-2009 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9453 J9 J SURV ENG-ASCE JI J. Surv. Eng.-ASCE PD AUG PY 2010 VL 136 IS 3 BP 139 EP 146 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000025 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 626UH UT WOS:000279992100007 ER PT J AU Godin, OA AF Godin, Oleg A. TI Cross-correlation function of acoustic fields generated by random high-frequency sources SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID AMBIENT SEISMIC NOISE; GREENS-FUNCTION; THERMAL FLUCTUATIONS; OCEAN CURRENTS; DIFFUSE FIELDS; WAVES; EMERGENCE; INTERFEROMETRY; TOMOGRAPHY; RETRIEVAL AB Long-range correlations of noise fields in arbitrary inhomogeneous, moving or motionless fluids are studied in the ray approximation. Using the stationary phase method, two-point cross-correlation function of noise is shown to approximate the sum of the deterministic Green's functions describing sound propagation in opposite directions between the two points. Explicit relations between amplitudes of respective ray arrivals in the noise cross-correlation function and the Green's functions are obtained and verified against specific problems allowing an exact solution. Earlier results are extended by simultaneously accounting for sound absorption, arbitrary distribution of noise sources in a volume and on surfaces, and fluid inhomogeneity and motion. The information content of the noise cross-correlation function is discussed from the viewpoint of passive acoustic characterization of inhomogeneous flows. (C) 2010 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI: 10.1121/ 1.3458815] C1 [Godin, Oleg A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Godin, Oleg A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, DSRC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Godin, OA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Mail Code R PSD99,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Oleg.Godin@noaa.gov RI Godin, Oleg/E-6554-2011 OI Godin, Oleg/0000-0003-4599-2149 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-08-1-0100] FX This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research through Grant No. N00014-08-1-0100. Discussions with M. Charnotskii, V. G. Irisov, and R. I. Weaver and helpful comments by anonymous referees are gratefully acknowledged. NR 36 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 128 IS 2 BP 600 EP 610 DI 10.1121/1.3458815 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 636UY UT WOS:000280769800013 PM 20707429 ER PT J AU Thompson, M Sessions, J Boston, K Skaugset, A Tomberlin, D AF Thompson, Matthew Sessions, John Boston, Kevin Skaugset, Arne Tomberlin, David TI Forest Road Erosion Control Using Multiobjective Optimization1 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE sediment; water policy; optimization; nonpoint source pollution; point source pollution ID OBJECTIVE GENETIC ALGORITHMS; NATURAL-RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; DECISION-ANALYSIS; SEDIMENT PRODUCTION; HARVEST; WILDLIFE; MODEL; DEACTIVATION; WATERSHEDS; STRATEGIES AB Forest roads are associated with accelerated erosion and can be a major source of sediment delivery to streams, which can degrade aquatic habitat. Controlling road-related erosion therefore remains an important issue for forest stewardship. Managers are faced with the task to develop efficient road management strategies to achieve conflicting environmental and economic goals. This manuscript uses mathematical programming techniques to identify the efficient frontier between sediment reduction and treatment costs. Information on the nature of the tradeoffs between conflicting objectives can give the decision maker more insight into the problem, and help in reaching a suitable compromise solution. This approach avoids difficulties associated with a priori establishment of targets for sediment reduction, preferences between competing objectives, and mechanisms to scale noncommensurate objectives. Computational results demonstrate the utility of this multiobjective optimization approach, which should facilitate tradeoff analysis and ideally promote efficient erosion control on forest roads. C1 [Thompson, Matthew] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Sessions, John; Boston, Kevin; Skaugset, Arne] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Tomberlin, David] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Thompson, M (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, POB 7669, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM mpthompson02@fs.fed.us NR 71 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 46 IS 4 BP 712 EP 723 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00443.x PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 631ON UT WOS:000280357300006 ER PT J AU Pollock, MM Beechie, TJ AF Pollock, Michael M. Beechie, Timothy J. TI Reply to Discussion1-by George Ice, George Brown, John Gravelle, C. Rhett Jackson, Jeff Light, Timothy Link, Douglas Martin, Dale McGreer, and Arne Skaugset2 "Stream Temperature Relationships to Forest Harvest in Western Washington"3 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID DEBRIS FLOWS; REACHES; OREGON AB Pollock, Michael M. and Timothy J. Beechie, 2010. Reply to Discussion -"Stream Temperature Relationships to Forest Harvest in Western Washington" by George Ice, George Brown, John Gravelle, C. Rhett Jackson, Jeff Light, Timothy Link, Douglas Martin, Dale McGreer, and Arne Skaugset. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(4): 843-847. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00456.x. C1 [Pollock, Michael M.; Beechie, Timothy J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Pollock, MM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM michael.pollock@noaa.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 46 IS 4 BP 843 EP 847 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00456.x PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 631ON UT WOS:000280357300016 ER PT J AU Pratt, KA Heymsfield, AJ Twohy, CH Murphy, SM DeMott, PJ Hudson, JG Subramanian, R Wang, ZE Seinfeld, JH Prather, KA AF Pratt, Kerri A. Heymsfield, Andrew J. Twohy, Cynthia H. Murphy, Shane M. DeMott, Paul J. Hudson, James G. Subramanian, R. Wang, Zhien Seinfeld, John H. Prather, Kimberly A. TI In Situ Chemical Characterization of Aged Biomass-Burning Aerosols Impacting Cold Wave Clouds SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID COUNTERFLOW VIRTUAL IMPACTOR; HOMOGENEOUS ICE NUCLEATION; MASS-SPECTROMETER; SOUTHERN AFRICA; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; CONDENSATION NUCLEI; ORGANIC AEROSOLS; SOOT AEROSOLS; INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTION; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS AB During the Ice in Clouds Experiment Layer Clouds (ICE-L), aged biomass-burning particles were identified within two orographic wave cloud regions over Wyoming using single-particle mass spectrometry and electron microscopy. Using a suite of instrumentation, particle chemistry was characterized in tandem with cloud microphysics. The aged biomass-burning particles comprised similar to 30%-40% by number of the 0.1-1.0-mu m clear-air particles and were composed of potassium, organic carbon, elemental carbon, and sulfate. Aerosol mass spectrometry measurements suggested these cloud-processed particles were predominantly sulfate by mass. The first cloud region sampled was characterized by primarily homogeneously nucleated ice particles formed at temperatures near -40 degrees C. The second cloud period was characterized by high cloud droplet concentrations (similar to 150-300 cm(-3)) and lower heterogeneously nucleated ice concentrations (7-18 L-1) at cloud temperatures of -24 degrees to -25 degrees C. As expected for the observed particle chemistry and dynamics of the observed wave clouds, few significant differences were observed between the clear-air particles and cloud residues. However, suggestive of a possible heterogeneous nucleation mechanism within the first cloud region, ice residues showed enrichments in the number fractions of soot and mass fractions of black carbon, measured by a single-particle mass spectrometer and a single-particle soot photometer, respectively. In addition, enrichment of biomass-burning particles internally mixed with oxalic acid in both the homogeneously nucleated ice and cloud droplets compared to clear air suggests either preferential activation as cloud condensation nuclei or aqueous phase cloud processing. C1 [Pratt, Kerri A.; Prather, Kimberly A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Heymsfield, Andrew J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Twohy, Cynthia H.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Murphy, Shane M.; Seinfeld, John H.] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Murphy, Shane M.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [DeMott, Paul J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hudson, James G.] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89506 USA. [Subramanian, R.] Droplet Measurement Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Wang, Zhien] Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Prather, Kimberly A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Prather, KA (reprint author), 9500 Gilman Dr,M-C 0314, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM kprather@ucsd.edu RI Pratt, Kerri/F-8025-2010; DeMott, Paul/C-4389-2011; Heymsfield, Andrew/E-7340-2011; Wang, Zhien/F-4857-2011; Subramanian, R/A-4913-2013; Prather, Kimberly/A-3892-2008 OI Pratt, Kerri/0000-0003-4707-2290; DeMott, Paul/0000-0002-3719-1889; Subramanian, R/0000-0002-5553-5913; Prather, Kimberly/0000-0003-3048-9890 FU NSF [ATM-0650659, ATM-0340832, ATM-0612605, ATM-0611936, ATM-0615414, ATM-0631919, ATM-0645644]; NCAR; NASA; A-ATOFMS [ATM-0321362] FX NSF and NCAR are acknowledged for financial support of the ICE-L field campaign, as well as the work of A. J. Heymsfield. K. A. Pratt and K. A. Prather acknowledge NSF for support of ICE-L (ATM-0650659), A-ATOFMS development (ATM-0321362), and a graduate research fellowship for K. A. Pratt. S. M. Murphy and J. H. Seinfeld acknowledge NSF for support of ICE-L (ATM-0340832) and NASA for an Earth and Space Sciences Fellowship for S. M. Murphy. C. H. Twohy, P. J. DeMott, J. G. Hudson, R. Subramanian, and Z. Wang acknowledge NSF for ICE-L support (ATM-0612605, ATM-0611936, ATM-0615414, ATM-0631919, and ATM-0645644, respectively). CVI sampling was performed by Rich Cageo. STEM-EDX analysis was completed by Traci Lersch (RJ Lee Group, Inc.). Jeffrey R. French and Samuel Haimov (University of Wyoming) assisted with lidar and radar data. Teresa Campos (NCAR) provided carbon monoxide and TDL hygrometer data. Cloud probe data were provided by NCAR/EOL under the sponsorship of NSF (http://data.eol.ucar.edu). NR 94 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 35 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 67 IS 8 BP 2451 EP 2468 DI 10.1175/2010JAS3330.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 645WY UT WOS:000281498100003 ER PT J AU Yeung, C Yang, MS McConnaughey, RA AF Yeung, Cynthia Yang, Mei-Sun McConnaughey, Robert A. TI Polychaete assemblages in the south-eastern Bering Sea: linkage with groundfish distribution and diet SO JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM LA English DT Article DE benthic habitat; flatfish; infauna; prey; sediment; spatial association; Polychaeta; community structure ID CANONICAL CORRESPONDENCE-ANALYSIS; DEMERSAL FISH; ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENTS; TAXONOMIC RESOLUTION; BENTHIC COMMUNITY; FEEDING-HABITS; CHUKCHI SEAS; SHELF; BAY; SEDIMENTS AB Ecological information on the polychaete community may improve habitat descriptions and distribution models of commercially important species that are polychaete-feeders. This study reports on the first new observations in nearly three decades on the polychaete assemblages in the south-eastern Bering Sea. This information was used in an exploratory assessment of the association between polychaete assemblages and environmental variables that define the benthic habitat. The spatial association between polychaete assemblages and groundfish predators was also explored for insight into whether prey assemblages influence predator distribution. Canonical Correspondence analysis indicates that surficial sediment is the most important factor in organizing polychaete assemblages, over other common environmental variables such as depth and temperature. Co-correspondence analysis of the distributions of groundfish species and polychaete families does not indicate that predators are associated with specific prey families. Families that are most frequent in stomach contents of some of the fish in the analysis, mainly Maldanidae and Nephtyidae, are widely distributed across the Bering Sea shelf in diverse sediment types, as are the principal polychaete-feeders in the eastern Bering Sea such as Alaska plaice (Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus) and northern rock sole (Lepidopsetta polyxystra). C1 [Yeung, Cynthia; Yang, Mei-Sun; McConnaughey, Robert A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Yeung, C (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM cynthia.yeung@noaa.gov NR 55 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 16 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0025-3154 J9 J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK JI J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 90 IS 5 BP 903 EP 917 DI 10.1017/S002531541000024X PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 634GL UT WOS:000280568300006 ER PT J AU Carrion-Cortez, JA Zarate, P Seminoff, JA AF Carrion-Cortez, Javier A. Zarate, Patricia Seminoff, Jeffrey A. TI Feeding ecology of the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) in the Galapagos Islands SO JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM LA English DT Article DE eastern Pacific Ocean; black turtle; Chelonia mydas; diet; Galapagos Marine Reserve; spatial variation ID BAJA-CALIFORNIA; AMBLYRHYNCHUS-CRISTATUS; HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; CARETTA-CARETTA; BAHIA MAGDALENA; MARINE IGUANAS; HABITAT USE; MEXICO; DIET; DIGESTIBILITY AB The Galapagos Islands are among the most important nesting areas for the green sea turtle, Chelonia mydas, in the eastern Pacific Ocean. In addition, the coastal waters of this oceanic archipelago host many important feeding areas for this species, although little is known about green turtle feeding ecology at these sites. The goal of this study was to identify and quantify the most important items in the diet of the green turtle at the foraging grounds of Bahia Elizabeth, Caleta Derek and Punta Nunez. Our analysis was based on 65 oesophageal samples from turtles captured in 2006 and 2007. We compared spatial and seasonal composition of diet using non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis (MDS) and analysis of similarity (ANOSIM). Green turtle diet was composed mainly of the algae species Ulva lactuca, Polysiphonia sp., Hypnea sp. and Dictyota sp., and the red mangrove Rhizophora mangle. Turtles also consumed animal matter, mainly cnidarians, albeit to a lesser extent. Content of turtle diets was different among feeding grounds and seasons. The ANOSIM showed that diet composition can differ between foraging grounds using presence/absence of diet items. Even though U. lactuca was the most abundant algae consumed in both seasons, changes in species richness of algae were found between both sampling events, with diet during the warm season more varied than the cold season (X(2) = 16.84, df = 6; P < 0.05). C1 [Carrion-Cortez, Javier A.; Zarate, Patricia] Charles Darwin Fdn, Santa Cruz, Galapagos Isl, Ecuador. [Carrion-Cortez, Javier A.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador. [Seminoff, Jeffrey A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Carrion-Cortez, JA (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Baja California Sur, Dept Biol Marina, Apartado Postal 19B, La Paz 23080, Mexico. EM jcarrion@uabcs.mx FU NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, La Julla, California, USA FX This work was possible thanks to the logistic support of the Charles Darwin Foundation (FCD), the monitoring permission given by the Galapagos National Park Service (PNG) and the economic support of the NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service. A special thank you goes to the volunteers who helped in field work. We gratefully acknowledge Peter Dunn for his sage advice and continual support of our research. Thanks to R. Pepolas and J. Delgado for their support during the Punta Nunez field trips, and to A. Harris for her assistance in algae identification. S. Ron, L. Coloma, T. DeVries, R. Riosmena-Rodriguez, D. Sage, I. Chapa, J. Rodriguez, L. Vinueza, J. Alvarado and C. Fernandez gave valuable contribution to enhance the research and in many ways to improve the paper. This work was supported by the NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, La Julla, California, USA. NR 70 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 40 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0025-3154 J9 J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK JI J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 90 IS 5 BP 1005 EP 1013 DI 10.1017/S0025315410000226 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 634GL UT WOS:000280568300017 ER PT J AU Laurel, BJ Copeman, LA Hurst, TP Parrish, CC AF Laurel, Benjamin J. Copeman, Louise A. Hurst, Thomas P. Parrish, Christopher C. TI The ecological significance of lipid/fatty acid synthesis in developing eggs and newly hatched larvae of Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID YOLK-SAC LARVAE; HALIBUT HIPPOGLOSSUS-HIPPOGLOSSUS; FREE AMINO-ACIDS; PHYSIOLOGICAL ENERGETICS; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; DEVELOPING EMBRYOS; CARASSIUS-AURATUS; LIPID-COMPOSITION; TELEOST FISH; EARLY GROWTH AB The lipid/fatty acid composition of marine fish eggs and larvae is linked with buoyancy regulation, but our understanding of such processes is largely restricted to species with pelagic eggs. In this study, we examined developmental changes in the lipid/fatty acids of eggs and embryos of Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus), a species that spawns demersal eggs along coastal shelf edges, but as larvae must make a rapid transition to the upper reaches of the water column. Adult Pacific cod were collected in the Gulf of Alaska during the spawning season and eggs of two females were artificially fertilized with sperm from three males for each female. The eggs were subsequently reared in the laboratory to determine (1) how lipids/fatty acids were catabolized during egg and larval development, and (2) whether lipid/fatty acid catabolism had measurable effects on egg/embryo density. Eggs incubated at 4A degrees C began hatching after 3-weeks and continued to hatch over a 10-day period, during which there was a distinct shift in lipid classes (phospholipids (PL), triacyglycerols (TAG), and sterols (ST)) and essential fatty acids (EFAs: 22:6n-3 (DHA), 20:5n-3 (EPA), and 20:4n-6 (AA)). In the egg stage, total lipid content steadily decreased during the first 60% of development, but just prior to hatch we observed an unexpected 2-3-fold lipid increase (similar to 6-9 mu g individual(-1)) and a significant drop in egg density. The increase in lipids was largely driven by PL, with evidence of long-chained fatty acid synthesis. Late-hatching larvae had progressively decreasing lipid and fatty acid reserves, suggesting a shift from lipogenesis to lipid catabolism with continued larval development. Egg density measures suggest that lipid/fatty acid composition is linked to buoyancy regulation as larvae shift from a demersal to a pelagic existence following hatch. The biochemical pathway by which Pacific cod are apparently able to synthesize EFAs is unknown, therefore representing a remarkable finding meriting further investigation. C1 [Laurel, Benjamin J.; Copeman, Louise A.; Hurst, Thomas P.] NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Hatfield Marine Sci Ct, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Parrish, Christopher C.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Ctr Ocean Sci, Logy Bay, NF A1C 5S7, Canada. RP Laurel, BJ (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Hatfield Marine Sci Ct, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM ben.laurel@noaa.gov RI Hurst, Thomas/N-1401-2013 FU North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) [R0605] FX This project was supported in part with funding from the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) grant #R0605. We thank Drs. Allan Stoner and Michael Davis for reviewing earlier drafts of this manuscript. Thanks also to Scott Haines, Paul Iseri and Michele Ottmar for providing assistance in the laboratory. Brian Knoth and Alisa Abookire assisted with egg collections in the field. Boat charters were kindly provided by Tim Tripp aboard the F/V Miss O. Thanks finally to J. Wells for the patient assistance and laboratory analysis of lipid classes and fatty acids. This manuscript is NPRB Publication # 245. NR 39 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 157 IS 8 BP 1713 EP 1724 DI 10.1007/s00227-010-1445-1 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 624RF UT WOS:000279836900005 ER PT J AU Goshe, LR Avens, L Scharf, FS Southwood, AL AF Goshe, Lisa R. Avens, Larisa Scharf, Frederick S. Southwood, Amanda L. TI Estimation of age at maturation and growth of Atlantic green turtles (Chelonia mydas) using skeletochronology SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOGGERHEAD SEA-TURTLES; CARETTA-CARETTA; SOMATIC GROWTH; LIFE-HISTORY; COSTA-RICA; RATES; WILD; FLORIDA; VALIDATION; SIZE AB Despite the vast amount of research on threatened and endangered green turtle populations, some uncertainty regarding stage durations, growth rates, and age at maturation remains. We used skeletochronology to address this gap in knowledge for green turtle populations in the North Atlantic Ocean that use coastal waters along the southeastern U.S. as developmental habitat. Oceanic stage duration was estimated at 1-7 years ((X) over bar = 3 years). Several growth models, including von Bertalanffy, logistic, Gompertz, and power functions were evaluated for describing sex-specific length-at-age data. Ages at maturation estimated using mean size at nesting for females from each genetic sub-population contributing juveniles to this neritic foraging area were 44 years (Florida), 42.5 years (Costa Rica), and 42 years (Mexico), which were higher than previously reported ages. This implies that nesting populations comprising primarily individuals utilizing foraging grounds in the southeastern U.S. may take longer to recover than previously estimated. C1 [Goshe, Lisa R.; Avens, Larisa] NOAA Fisheries, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Scharf, Frederick S.; Southwood, Amanda L.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. RP Goshe, LR (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort Lab, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM Lisa.Goshe@noaa.gov NR 69 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 22 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 157 IS 8 BP 1725 EP 1740 DI 10.1007/s00227-010-1446-0 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 624RF UT WOS:000279836900006 ER PT J AU Eguchi, T Seminoff, JA LeRoux, RA Dutton, PH Dutton, DL AF Eguchi, Tomoharu Seminoff, Jeffrey A. LeRoux, Robin A. Dutton, Peter H. Dutton, Donna L. TI Abundance and survival rates of green turtles in an urban environment: coexistence of humans and an endangered species SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; WARM-WATER REFUGES; CHELONIA-MYDAS; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; LEATHERBACK TURTLE; FLORIDA MANATEES; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; MARINE TURTLES; ROBUST DESIGN; SEA-TURTLES AB Longitudinal capture-mark-recapture data were used to estimate abundance and survival rates for green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in San Diego Bay, California, USA. These turtles were closely associated with warm effluent from a power plant during winter months. The life stage distribution of green turtles in the bay ranged from post-pelagic juveniles to adults (44.0-110.4 cm straight carapace length). During 99 capture sessions between December 2, 1990, and March 25, 2009, 96 individual green turtles were caught. To estimate abundance and survival rates, robust-design mark-recapture models were fitted to capture-recapture histories using software MARK. The estimated annual survival rate was 0.861 (SE = 0.147, 95% CI = 0.356-0.986), whereas annual abundance ranged from 16 (SE = 6.3, 95% CI = 4-29) to 61 (SE = 13.2, 95% CI = 36-88). This study provides the first survival rate and abundance estimates for a green turtle foraging population in the highly industrialized San Diego Bay. C1 [Eguchi, Tomoharu; Seminoff, Jeffrey A.; LeRoux, Robin A.; Dutton, Peter H.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Dutton, Donna L.] Ocean Planet Res Inc, San Diego, CA 92131 USA. RP Eguchi, T (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 3333 N Torrey Pines Ct, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM tomo.eguchi@noaa.gov FU San Diego Fish and Wildlife Commission; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Hubbs-Sea World Research Institute; San Diego State University; NOAA-Fisheries FX Data collections were supported by Elyse Bixby, Marilyn Dudley, Amy Frey, Luana Galver, Lauren Hansen, Lauren Hess, Stephen Johnson, Amy Jue, Erin LaCasella, Vicki Pease, Dan Prosperi, Suzanne Roden, and numerous other volunteers over the years. We thank George Balazs for providing tags and advise. Tom Liebst of Dynergy, Don Waller and Kent Miles of San Diego Gas and Electric, and Eileen Maher of the Unified Port of San Diego helped with site access. Funding and other resources were provided by the San Diego Fish and Wildlife Commission, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Hubbs-Sea World Research Institute, San Diego State University, and NOAA-Fisheries. Dr. Jim Hines kindly ran RDSURVIV on our data. Amanda Karch helped literature search and editing of an earlier version of the manuscript. The manuscript was improved by comments from Dr. Eric Archer, Dr. Kelly Stewart, and two anonymous reviewers. The research was conducted under the NMFS Scientific Research Permit 697, 988, 1297, and 1591, and California Department of Fish and Game Permit 0411. NR 52 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 157 IS 8 BP 1869 EP 1877 DI 10.1007/s00227-010-1458-9 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 624RF UT WOS:000279836900017 ER PT J AU Arambula, E Garboczi, EJ Masad, E Kassem, E AF Arambula, Edith Garboczi, Edward J. Masad, Eyad Kassem, Emad TI Numerical analysis of moisture vapor diffusion in asphalt mixtures using digital images SO MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Asphalt mixture; Effective diffusion coefficient; Moisture vapor diffusion; Moisture damage; Moisture transport; X-ray computed tomography ID RAY COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; MIXES; WATER AB The presence of moisture in asphalt mixtures is detrimental to their performance, e.g., softening the asphalt binder and weakening the aggregate-binder bond. One of the mechanisms of moisture transport, and the focus of this study, is molecular diffusion. Moisture diffusion occurs in response to a concentration gradient. The objective of this study was to estimate the diffusion coefficient of moisture vapor in asphalt mixtures by using finite element (FE) and finite difference (FD) numerical algorithms that employ digital images to discretize the composite. X-ray computed tomography was used to characterize the microstructure of laboratory-prepared specimens and provide the required three-dimensional digital images, which were segmented into three phases: air voids, a mixture of asphalt binder and the fine aggregate fraction, and coarse aggregates. Individual diffusion coefficients were assigned to each phase and the effective diffusion coefficient for the composite was computed using the numerical algorithms. The outcome was compared against experimental values. The effective diffusion coefficient for the asphalt mixtures obtained using the FD method showed closer agreement with the experimental data, while the FE results overestimated the experimental measurements in all cases. C1 [Arambula, Edith] Appl Res Associates Inc, Elkridge, MD 21075 USA. [Garboczi, Edward J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Inorgan Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Masad, Eyad; Kassem, Emad] Texas A&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Arambula, E (reprint author), Appl Res Associates Inc, Elkridge, MD 21075 USA. EM editham@exatec.itesm.mx FU National Science Foundation [CMS-0420494, CMS-0315564] FX Eyad Masad would like to acknowledge the National Science Foundation funding through grants CMS-0420494 and CMS-0315564. The authors extend their gratitude to Ernest Bastian Jr., Dale P. Bentz, and Richard Meininger for their valuable comments.; This research was performed while Edith Arambula held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Federal Highway Administration Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1359-5997 J9 MATER STRUCT JI Mater. Struct. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 43 IS 7 BP 897 EP 911 DI 10.1617/s11527-009-9554-3 PG 15 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA 620CS UT WOS:000279477200001 ER PT J AU Bendersky, LA Wang, K Boettinger, WJ Newbury, DE Young, K Chao, B AF Bendersky, L. A. Wang, K. Boettinger, W. J. Newbury, D. E. Young, K. Chao, B. TI Examination of Multiphase (Zr,Ti)(V,Cr,Mn,Ni)(2) Ni-MH Electrode Alloys: Part II. Solid-State Transformation of the Interdendritic B2 Phase SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; HYDROGENATION PROPERTIES; HYDRIDE ELECTRODES; ZR; ZR7NI10; MARTENSITE; ZIRCONIUM; CRYSTALS; NI11ZR9; NICKEL AB Solidification microstructure of multicomponent (Zr,Ti)-Ni-(V,Cr,Mn,Co) alloys intended for use as negative electrodes in Ni-metal hydride (Ni-MH) batteries was studied in Part I of this series of articles. Part II of the series examines the complex internal structure of the interdendritic grains formed by solid-state transformation and believed to play an important role in the electrochemical charge/discharge characteristics of the overall alloy composition. By studying one alloy, Zr21Ti12.5V10Cr5.5Mn5.1Co5.0Ni40.2Al0.5Sn0.3, it is shown that the interdendritic grains solidify as a B2 (Ti,Zr)(44)(Ni,TM)(56) phase, and then undergo transformation to Zr7Ni10-type, Zr9Ni11-type, and martensitic phases. The transformations obey orientation relationships between the high-temperature B2 phase and the low-temperature Zr-Ni-type intermetallics, and consequently lead to a multivariant structure. The major orientation relationship for the orthorhombic Zr7Ni10 type is [011](Zr7Ni10)//[001](B2); (100)(Zr7Ni10)//(100)(B2). The orientation relationship for the tetragonal Zr9Ni11 type is [001](Zr9Ni11)//[001](B2); (130)(Zr9Ni11)//(100)(B2). Binary Ni-Zr and ternary Ti-Ni-Zr phase diagrams were used to rationalize the formation of the observed domain structure. C1 [Bendersky, L. A.; Wang, K.; Boettinger, W. J.] NIST, Div Met, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Newbury, D. E.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Chem Sci & Stand Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Young, K.; Chao, B.] Energy Convers Devices Inc, Rochester Hills, MI 48309 USA. RP Bendersky, LA (reprint author), NIST, Div Met, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wboettinger@nist.gov RI Wang, Ke/C-8021-2011 NR 38 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 41A IS 8 BP 1891 EP 1906 DI 10.1007/s11661-010-0240-4 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 614UZ UT WOS:000279086600004 ER PT J AU Boettinger, WJ Newbury, DE Wang, K Bendersky, LA Chiu, C Kattner, UR Young, K Chao, B AF Boettinger, W. J. Newbury, D. E. Wang, K. Bendersky, L. A. Chiu, C. Kattner, U. R. Young, K. Chao, B. TI Examination of Multiphase (Zr,Ti)(V,Cr,Mn,Ni)(2) Ni-MH Electrode Alloys: Part I. Dendritic Solidification Structure SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-STORAGE ALLOYS; LAVES-PHASE ALLOYS; ZR-BASED ALLOYS; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; ANNEALING TREATMENT; INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; NEGATIVE ELECTRODES; HYDRIDE ELECTRODES; NI/MH BATTERIES; STABILITY AB The solidification microstructures of three nine-element Zr-Ni-based AB(2) type C14/C15 Laves hydrogen storage alloys are determined. The selected compositions represent a class of alloys being examined for usage as an MH electrode in nickel metal-hydride batteries that often have their best properties in the cast state. Solidification is accomplished by dendritic growth of hexagonal C14 Laves phase, peritectic solidification of cubic C15 Laves phase, and formation of cubic B2 phase in the interdendritic regions. The B2 phase decomposes in the solid state into a complex multivariate platelike structure containing Zr-Ni-rich intermetallics. The observed sequence C14/C15 upon solidification agrees with predictions using effective compositions and thermodynamic assessments of the ternary systems, Ni-Cr-Zr and Cr-Ti-Zr. Experimentally, the closeness of the compositions of the C14 and C15 phases required the use of compositional mapping with an energy dispersive detector capable of processing a very high X-ray flux to locate regions in the microstructure for quantitative composition measurement and transmission electron microscope examination. C1 [Boettinger, W. J.; Wang, K.; Bendersky, L. A.; Chiu, C.; Kattner, U. R.] NIST, Div Met, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Newbury, D. E.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Chem Sci & Stand Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Young, K.; Chao, B.] Energy Convers Devices Inc, Rochester Hills, MI 48309 USA. RP Boettinger, WJ (reprint author), NIST, Div Met, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wboettinger@nist.gov RI Wang, Ke/C-8021-2011 NR 53 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 41A IS 8 BP 2033 EP 2047 DI 10.1007/s11661-010-0237-z PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 614UZ UT WOS:000279086600018 ER PT J AU Li, ZG Shaw, PS Arp, U Gibson, CE Yoon, HW Lykke, KR AF Li, Zhigang Shaw, Ping-Shine Arp, Uwe Gibson, Charles E. Yoon, Howard W. Lykke, Keith R. TI Long-term monitoring of the ultraviolet irradiance scale at the facility for irradiance calibration using synchrotrons SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE; SURF-III; RADIATION; RADIOMETRY; RADIANCE; NM AB In 2004, the National Institute of Standards and Technology established the ultraviolet spectral irradiance scale from 200 nm to 400 nm using the calculable irradiance of the Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility (SURF). Since the establishment of the scale, spectral irradiance calibrations of many customer lamps have been performed in direct comparison with synchrotron radiation. However, to ensure long-term stability of the scale, three check-standard deuterium lamps were calibrated using SURF III at the same time as customer lamps were being calibrated. Here, we present the results of the long-term monitoring of the scale using these check-standard lamps to ensure customer lamps are calibrated within the expanded calibration uncertainty (k = 2) of 1.2%. C1 [Li, Zhigang; Shaw, Ping-Shine; Arp, Uwe; Gibson, Charles E.; Yoon, Howard W.; Lykke, Keith R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Li, ZG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU SURF III FX The authors would like to sincerely acknowledge Mitchell Furst, Alex Farrell and Edward Hagley for their constant support at SURF III. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD AUG PY 2010 VL 47 IS 4 BP 429 EP 434 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/47/4/008 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 629JG UT WOS:000280191800009 ER PT J AU Wang, CM Iyer, HK AF Wang, C. M. Iyer, Hari K. TI On interchangeability of two laboratories SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID INDIVIDUAL BIOEQUIVALENCE; FIDUCIAL APPROACH; UNCERTAINTIES; EQUIVALENCE; POPULATION; VALUES; TESTS AB This paper proposes a measure for assessing the equivalence between the results of two laboratories. The measure is called asymmetric interchangeability. It is asymmetric since, based on this measure, one laboratory may be considered interchangeable with another laboratory but the converse may not be true. Such a situation can arise when the accuracy and precision of one laboratory are noticeably greater than that of the other. The proposed measure of interchangeability depends on the parameters of the measurement models, which include means, variances and the correlation of the two laboratories being compared. Since the level of correlation is often difficult to assess, it is assumed to be zero in this paper. Fiducial procedures are presented for testing the hypothesis that a laboratory is directionally interchangeable with another. The procedure is based on comparing a probability measure, which is shown to be closely related to asymmetric interchangeability, with an agreed threshold. Computer programs for calculating the p-value of the tests, written by use of open-source software, are listed. C1 [Wang, C. M.; Iyer, Hari K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Iyer, Hari K.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wang, CM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jwang@boulder.nist.gov NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD AUG PY 2010 VL 47 IS 4 BP 435 EP 443 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/47/4/009 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 629JG UT WOS:000280191800010 ER PT J AU Reed, DA Powell, MD Westerman, JM AF Reed, Dorothy A. Powell, Mark D. Westerman, Julie M. TI Energy Infrastructure Damage Analysis for Hurricane Rita SO NATURAL HAZARDS REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Electric power outages; Disaster recovery; Hurricanes; Resilience; Restoration ID SURFACE WIND FIELDS; ANDREW LANDFALL; SOUTH FLORIDA; SYSTEM AB In 2005, Hurricane Rita caused significant damage to the energy infrastructure in the Gulf of Mexico region. In the context of this investigation, the "energy infrastructure" refers to the offshore oil platforms, refineries, and gasoline supply stations in the region, often referred to as the "petroleum infrastructure," the natural gas supply lines, and the delivery of electric power. In this paper, we examine the structural damage to the networks as defined by restoration, resilience, and fragility with a focus on the analysis of the electric power delivery disruptions. Our concern is not on the evaluation of risk, but rather to provide those who assess hurricane risk with relevant structural damage prediction models. We provide correlations of hurricane wind speed data with outages. We conclude that high winds alone can create significant damage to the energy infrastructure system. C1 [Reed, Dorothy A.; Westerman, Julie M.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Powell, Mark D.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Reed, DA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Campus Box 352700, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM reed@u.washington.edu; mark.powell@noaa.gov; jwesterm@u.washington.edu RI Powell, Mark/I-4963-2013 OI Powell, Mark/0000-0002-4890-8945 NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 14 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1527-6988 J9 NAT HAZARDS REV JI Nat. Hazards Rev. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 11 IS 3 BP 102 EP 109 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000012 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Studies; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 814CU UT WOS:000294424200003 ER PT J AU Han, WQ Meehl, GA Rajagopalan, B Fasullo, JT Hu, AX Lin, JL Large, WG Wang, JW Quan, XW Trenary, LL Wallcraft, A Shinoda, T Yeager, S AF Han, Weiqing Meehl, Gerald A. Rajagopalan, Balaji Fasullo, John T. Hu, Aixue Lin, Jialin Large, William G. Wang, Jih-wang Quan, Xiao-Wei Trenary, Laurie L. Wallcraft, Alan Shinoda, Toshiaki Yeager, Stephen TI Patterns of Indian Ocean sea-level change in a warming climate SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RISE; SURFACE; TRENDS AB Global sea level has risen during the past decades as a result of thermal expansion of the warming ocean and freshwater addition from melting continental ice(1). However, sea-level rise is not globally uniform(1-5). Regional sea levels can be affected by changes in atmospheric or oceanic circulation. As long-term observational records are scarce, regional changes in sea level in the Indian Ocean are poorly constrained. Yet estimates of future sea-level changes are essential for effective risk assessment(2). Here we combine in situ and satellite observations of Indian Ocean sea level with climate-model simulations, to identify a distinct spatial pattern of sea-level rise since the 1960s. We find that sea level has decreased substantially in the south tropical Indian Ocean whereas it has increased elsewhere. This pattern is driven by changing surface winds associated with a combined invigoration of the Indian Ocean Hadley and Walker cells, patterns of atmospheric overturning circulation in the north-south and east-west direction, respectively, which is partly attributable to rising levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases. We conclude that-if ongoing anthropogenic warming dominates natural variability-the pattern we detected is likely to persist and to increase the environmental stress on some coasts and islands in the Indian Ocean. C1 [Han, Weiqing; Wang, Jih-wang; Trenary, Laurie L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Meehl, Gerald A.; Fasullo, John T.; Hu, Aixue; Large, William G.; Yeager, Stephen] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Rajagopalan, Balaji] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lin, Jialin] Ohio State Univ, Dept Geog, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Quan, Xiao-Wei] Univ Colorado, CIRES, ESRL NOAA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wallcraft, Alan; Shinoda, Toshiaki] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Han, WQ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, UCB 311, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM whan@enso.colorado.edu RI Rajagopalan, Balaji/A-5383-2013; Hu, Aixue/E-1063-2013; Shinoda, Toshiaki/J-3745-2016; OI Rajagopalan, Balaji/0000-0002-6883-7240; Hu, Aixue/0000-0002-1337-287X; Shinoda, Toshiaki/0000-0003-1416-2206; FASULLO, JOHN/0000-0003-1216-892X FU CCR/NCAR; NSF [OCE 0847605]; NASA [NNX08AR62G, NNX07AKG82G]; Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy [DE-FC02 97ER62402] FX This work was completed when W.H. was on sabbatical leave at NCAR. She thanks CCR/NCAR for providing partial summer salary support. Thanks also go to K. Trenberth, A.Timmermann, C.Deser and A.Dai for their insightful comments and stimulating discussions. W.H., J-W.W. and L.L.T. are supported by NSF CAREER award OCE 0847605 and NASA OSTST award NNX08AR62G. Portions of this study were supported by the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy, Cooperative Agreement No. DE-FC02 97ER62402, and the National Science Foundation. NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. J.T.F's participation is sponsored by NASA Award No. NNX07AKG82G. We thank NCAR CISL for computational support. NR 27 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 3 U2 29 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 3 IS 8 BP 546 EP 550 DI 10.1038/ngeo901 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 645NK UT WOS:000281467500014 ER PT J AU Bahabad, A Murnane, MM Kapteyn, HC AF Bahabad, Alon Murnane, Margaret M. Kapteyn, Henry C. TI Quasi-phase-matching of momentum and energy in nonlinear optical processes SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-HARMONIC-GENERATION; PHOTONIC CRYSTALS; LIGHT; BEAMS; SINGLE; STATES AB Quasi-phase-matching is an important technique in nonlinear optics and is in widespread use. It not only makes efficient frequency conversion possible, but also enables diverse applications such as beam and pulse shaping, multi-harmonic generation, high harmonic generation, all-optical processing and the generation of entangled photons. However, since its introduction in the early 1960s at the dawn of nonlinear optics, quasi-phase-matching has always been considered a technique in which a purely spatial modulation mitigates the momentum mismatch that dispersion imposes on the interacting photons. Here, we present an important and fundamental generalization of quasi-phase-matching in which spatiotemporal nonlinear optical diffraction allows for correction of both momentum and energy mismatch. This concept provides a powerful tool for manipulating light through nonlinear interactions, and suggests unique applications. Recent experiments provide evidence for the feasibility and importance of spatiotemporal quasi-phase-matching. C1 [Bahabad, Alon] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bahabad, A (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM alonb@jila.colorado.edu RI Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011 OI Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317 FU Army Research Office; National Science Foundation FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the Army Research Office and from the National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center in EUV Science and Technology. NR 36 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 19 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD AUG PY 2010 VL 4 IS 8 BP 570 EP 575 DI 10.1038/NPHOTON.2010.122 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 633IN UT WOS:000280495400023 ER PT J AU Gaebler, JP Stewart, JT Drake, TE Jin, DS Perali, A Pieri, P Strinati, GC AF Gaebler, J. P. Stewart, J. T. Drake, T. E. Jin, D. S. Perali, A. Pieri, P. Strinati, G. C. TI Observation of pseudogap behaviour in a strongly interacting Fermi gas SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB Ultracold atomic Fermi gases present an opportunity to study strongly interacting fermionic systems in a controlled and uncomplicated setting. The ability to tune attractive interactions has led to the discovery of superfluidity in these systems with an extremely high transition temperature with respect to the Fermi temperature(1,2) near T/T-F = 0.2. This superfluidity is the electrically neutral analogue of superconductivity; however, superfluidity in atomic Fermi gases occurs in the limit of strong interactions and defies a conventional Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer ( BCS) description. For these strong interactions, it is predicted that the onset of pairing and superfluidity can occur at different temperatures(3-5). Thus, for a range of temperatures, a pseudogap region may exist, in which the system retains some of the characteristics of the superfluid phase-such as a BCS-like dispersion and a partially gapped density of states-but does not exhibit superfluidity. By making two independent measurements-the direct observation of pair condensation in momentum space and a measurement of the single-particle spectral function using an analogue to photoemission spectroscopy(6)-we directly probe the pseudogap phase. Our measurements reveal a BCS-like dispersion with back-bending near the Fermiwavevector k(F), which persists well above the transition temperature for pair condensation. C1 [Gaebler, J. P.; Stewart, J. T.; Drake, T. E.; Jin, D. S.] Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gaebler, J. P.; Stewart, J. T.; Drake, T. E.; Jin, D. S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Perali, A.; Pieri, P.; Strinati, G. C.] Univ Camerino, Dipartimento Fis, I-62032 Camerino, Italy. RP Jin, DS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jin@jilau1.colorado.edu RI Pieri, Pierbiagio/B-8302-2011; Strinati, Giancarlo/F-3546-2011 OI Pieri, Pierbiagio/0000-0001-8295-805X; Strinati, Giancarlo/0000-0003-4038-4291 FU NSF FX We acknowledge financial support from the NSF. We thank the JILA BEC group for discussions. D.S.J acknowledges discussions with A. Kanigel at the Aspen Center for Physics. NR 30 TC 141 Z9 142 U1 2 U2 26 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 EI 1745-2481 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 6 IS 8 BP 569 EP 573 DI 10.1038/NPHYS1709 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 634DI UT WOS:000280559300010 ER PT J AU Segawa, K Kofu, M Lee, SH Tsukada, I Hiraka, H Fujita, M Chang, S Yamada, K Ando, Y AF Segawa, Kouji Kofu, M. Lee, S-H. Tsukada, I. Hiraka, H. Fujita, M. Chang, S. Yamada, K. Ando, Yoichi TI Zero-doping state and electron-hole asymmetry in an ambipolar cuprate SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; YBA2CU3O6+X; TRANSPORT; INSULATOR AB A Mott insulator is a material that is insulating because of strong Coulomb repulsions between electrons. Doping charge carriers, electrons or holes into a Mott insulator can induce high-temperature superconductivity. Thus, what exactly happens when a charge carrier is doped into a Mott insulator is a key question in many-body physics(1-4). To address this issue, ideally one should start from a zero-doping state(5-7) and be able to introduce both holes and electrons in the dilute limit. However, such an idealized experiment has been impossible because of the lack of suitable materials. Here we show that a new 'ambipolar' cuprate makes it possible for the first time to cross the zero-doping state in the same material, which in turn allows us to address the physics of the extremely low-doping region. Surprisingly, we found that the antiferromagnetic ground state sharply changes between electron- and hole-doped sides, and this change is dictated by the existence of only 0.1 ppm of charge carriers. Moreover, we observed that the Neel temperature T(N) shows an unexpected reduction in a narrow range centred at the zero-doping state, across which the system exhibits asymmetric behaviours in transport measurements. Our findings reveal the inherently different nature of electron and hole doping in the dilute limit of a Mott-insulating cuprate. C1 [Yamada, K.] Tohoku Univ, Adv Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. [Segawa, Kouji; Ando, Yoichi] Osaka Univ, Inst Sci & Ind Res, Ibaraki, Osaka 5670047, Japan. [Kofu, M.; Lee, S-H.] Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Tsukada, I.] Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Kanagawa 2400196, Japan. [Hiraka, H.; Fujita, M.] Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. [Chang, S.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yamada, K (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Adv Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. EM kyamada@imr.tohoku.ac.jp; y_ando@sanken.osaka-u.ac.jp RI Yamada, Kazuyoshi/C-2728-2009; Ando, Yoichi/B-8163-2013; SEGAWA, Kouji/D-4204-2014; Fujita, Masaki/D-8430-2013 OI Ando, Yoichi/0000-0002-3553-3355; SEGAWA, Kouji/0000-0002-3633-4809; FU KAKENHI [19674002, 20030004, 19540358, 20740196]; US DOE (BES-DMSE) [DE-FE02-07ER46384]; NSF [DMR-0454672] FX We thank E. Dagotto, P. Phillips and T. Tohyama for discussions. This work was supported by KAKENHI Grant Nos 19674002, 20030004, 19540358 and 20740196. Works at UVA and at NCNR were supported by US DOE (BES-DMSE) Award No. DE-FE02-07ER46384 and NSF Award No. DMR-0454672, respectively. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 10 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 6 IS 8 BP 579 EP 583 DI 10.1038/NPHYS1717 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 634DI UT WOS:000280559300012 ER PT J AU Smolowitz, R Haas, H Milliken, HO Weeks, M Matzen, E AF Smolowitz, Ronald Haas, Heather Milliken, Henry O. Weeks, Matthew Matzen, Eric TI Using Sea Turtle Carcasses to Assess the Conservation Potential of a Turtle Excluder Dredge SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID FISHERY; BYCATCH AB Fisheries observers have documented interactions between sea turtles in the family Cheloniidae and the Atlantic sea scallop Placopecten magellanicus fishery. Sea turtle injuries resulting from interactions with scallop dredges are being mitigated through shifts in fishing effort and modifications to fishing gear. The standard New Bedford dredge can trap objects and crush them as they pass between the dredge frame and sea floor, so a modified turtle excluder dredge has been designed to reduce the likelihood of a turtle's passing under the frame when the dredge fishes on the seafloor. The key elements of the modified design are a forward cutting bar (which results in a sloping rather than a vertical face), a reduced number of bale support bars (just the center and outer bales), extension of the outer bale bars before tapering to the gooseneck (hauling point), and a reduction in the sources of entrapment between the depressor plate and the cutting bar via reduced spacing of struts. We evaluated the ability of the modified dredge to cause live sea turtles to pass over it by using loggerhead sea turtle Caretta caretta carcasses as a proxy. The carcasses were placed on the seafloor in the path of a towed dredge equipped with video cameras. Nine interactions between carcasses and the modified dredge were documented on video recordings. In each of the interactions, the carcass hit the dredge and passed over the dredge frame with little or no physical damage to the recovered carcasses. These carcass studies suggest that the turtle excluder dredge reduces sea turtle injuries associated with interactions between sea turtles and scallop dredges fishing on the seafloor. C1 [Smolowitz, Ronald; Weeks, Matthew] Coonamessett Farm, E Falmouth, MA 02536 USA. [Haas, Heather; Milliken, Henry O.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Matzen, Eric] Integrated Stat, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Smolowitz, R (reprint author), Coonamessett Farm, 277 Hatchville Rd, E Falmouth, MA 02536 USA. EM cfarm@capecod.net NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 30 IS 4 BP 993 EP 1000 DI 10.1577/M10-061.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 643EB UT WOS:000281277300015 ER PT J AU Moustahfid, H Tyrrell, MC Link, JS Nye, JA Smith, BE Gamble, RJ AF Moustahfid, H. Tyrrell, M. C. Link, J. S. Nye, J. A. Smith, B. E. Gamble, R. J. TI Functional feeding responses of piscivorous fishes from the northeast US continental shelf SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Piscivorous fishes; Functional response; Northeast US continental shelf ID FOOD-CONSUMPTION; STOMACH CONTENTS; PREDATORY FISH; GEORGES-BANK; ATLANTIC COD; ECOSYSTEM; MODELS; BEHAVIOR; RECRUITMENT; POPULATIONS AB The functional feeding response forms of piscivorous fishes used in multispecies and ecosystem modeling have been questioned because they were mostly conjectural or solely based on laboratory studies. Here, we investigate the functional feeding response of seven species of piscivorous fishes on four species of their prey from the northeast US continental shelf using field data that spans 30 years. Our study confirmed that Holling's types II and III functional responses are the most common functional responses for piscivorous fishes in this region. However, our analyses also revealed that differences exist between piscivorous fishes' functional responses, and, therefore, combining functional responses of piscivores is probably not appropriate in multispecies and ecosystem modeling. In the absence of specific predator-prey functional responses, we suggest that, for cruising, actively attacking predators, a type II functional response is slightly preferable; for a sedentary, ambush predator, a type III functional response is slightly preferable; at low prey densities for a generic fish predator, a type III functional response should be used; and at moderate to high prey densities, either should work sufficiently. Because we have shown that the functional response of a particular predator to individual prey species varies, these relationships must be further evaluated as we continue to develop and employ multispecies and ecosystem modeling. C1 [Moustahfid, H.; Tyrrell, M. C.; Link, J. S.; Nye, J. A.; Smith, B. E.; Gamble, R. J.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Moustahfid, H (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM Hassan.Moustahfid@noaa.gov FU Lenfest Ocean Program [2004-001492-105] FX We thank the present and past members of the Food Web Dynamics Program (NOAA/NEFSC) for maintaining the database that supported this work. We are grateful to two anonymous referees whose comments and suggestions considerably improved the manuscript. This work was supported by Lenfest Ocean Program Grant No 2004-001492-105. NR 61 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD AUG PY 2010 VL 163 IS 4 BP 1059 EP 1067 DI 10.1007/s00442-010-1596-2 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 627ZK UT WOS:000280083300022 PM 20229244 ER PT J AU Tate, JR Bunk, DM Christenson, RH Katrukha, A Noble, JE Porter, RA Schimmel, H Wang, LL Panteghini, M AF Tate, Jillian R. Bunk, David M. Christenson, Robert H. Katrukha, Alexei Noble, James E. Porter, Robert A. Schimmel, Heinz Wang, Lili Panteghini, Mauro CA IFCC Working Grp Standardization TI Standardisation of cardiac troponin I measurement: past and present SO PATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Cardiac troponin I; standardisation; measurement traceability; reference material; reference measurement procedure ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES; CLINICAL-PERFORMANCE; CIRCULATING TROPONIN; REFERENCE POPULATION; LABORATORY MEDICINE; 99TH PERCENTILE; ASSAYS; IMMUNOASSAYS; SERUM AB The laboratory measurement of cardiac troponin (cTn) concentration is a critical tool in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (MI). Current cTnI assays produce different absolute troponin numbers and use different clinical cut-off values; hence cTnI values cannot be interchanged, with consequent confusion for clinicians. A recent Australian study compared patient results for seven cTnI assays and showed that between-method variation was approximately 2-to 5-fold. A major reason for poor method agreement is the lack of a suitable common reference material for the calibration of cTnI assays by manufacturers. Purified complexed troponin material lacks adequate commutability for all assays; hence a serum-based secondary reference material is required for cTnI with value assignment by a higher order reference measurement procedure. There is considerable debate about how best to achieve comparability of results for heterogeneous analytes such as cTnI, whether it should be via the harmonisation or the standardisation process. Whereas harmonisation depends upon consensus value assignment and uses those commercial methods which give the closest agreement at the time, standardisation comes closer to the true value through a reference measurement system that is based upon long-term calibration traceability. The current paper describes standardisation efforts by the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine Working Group on Standardization of cTnI (IFCC WG-TNI) to establish a reference immunoassay measurement procedure for cTnI of a higher order than current commercial immunoassay methods and a commutable secondary reference material for cTnI to which companies can reference their calibration materials. C1 [Tate, Jillian R.] Royal Brisbane & Womens Hosp, Dept Chem Pathol, Herston, Qld 4029, Australia. [Bunk, David M.] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wang, Lili] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Christenson, Robert H.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Katrukha, Alexei] HyTest Ltd, Turku, Finland. [Noble, James E.; Porter, Robert A.] Natl Phys Lab, Analyt Sci Grp, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Schimmel, Heinz] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, Geel, Belgium. [Panteghini, Mauro] Univ Milan, Ctr Metrol Traceabil Lab Med CIRME, Milan, Italy. RP Tate, JR (reprint author), Royal Brisbane & Womens Hosp, Dept Chem Pathol, Herston, Qld 4029, Australia. EM jill_tate@health.qld.gov.au NR 46 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0031-3025 J9 PATHOLOGY JI Pathology PD AUG PY 2010 VL 42 IS 5 BP 402 EP 408 DI 10.3109/00313025.2010.495246 PG 7 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 637PV UT WOS:000280831900002 PM 20632814 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, NM AF Zimmerman, Neil M. TI Quantum electrical standards SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Article C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zimmerman, NM (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD AUG PY 2010 VL 63 IS 8 BP 68 EP 69 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 638MM UT WOS:000280899000021 ER PT J AU Kelly, BP Badajos, OH Kunnasranta, M Moran, JR Martinez-Bakker, M Wartzok, D Boveng, P AF Kelly, Brendan P. Badajos, Oriana H. Kunnasranta, Mervi Moran, John R. Martinez-Bakker, Micaela Wartzok, Douglas Boveng, Peter TI Seasonal home ranges and fidelity to breeding sites among ringed seals SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Phoca hispida; Home range; Population structure; Site fidelity; Movements ID PHOCA-HISPIDA PUPS; NORTHERN BERING-SEA; FAST-ICE; MARINE MAMMALS; HABITAT USE; BAFFIN-BAY; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; DIVING BEHAVIOR AB Population structure and patterns of habitat use among ringed seals (Phoca hispida) are poorly known, in part because seasonal movements have not been adequately documented. We monitored the movements of 98 ringed seals in the Beaufort and Chukchi seas between 1990 and 2006 using three forms of telemetry. In the winter-spring period (when the seals were occupying shorefast ice), we used radio and ultra-sonic tags to track movements above and below the ice, respectively. We used satellite-linked transmitters in summer and fall (when the seals ranged away from their winter sites) to track at-sea movements. In the shorefast ice habitat, the home ranges of 27 adult males ranged from < 1 to 13.9 km(2) (median = 0.628) while the home ranges of 28 adult females ranged from < 1 to 27.9 km(2) (median = 0.652). The 3-dimensional volumes used by 9 seals tracked acoustically under the ice averaged 0.07 (SD = 0.04) km(3) for subadults and adult males and 0.13 (SD = 0.04) km(3) for adult females. Three of the radio-tracked seals and 9 tracked by satellite ranged up to 1,800 km from their winter/spring home ranges in summer but returned to the same small (1-2 km(2)) sites during the ice-bound months in the following year. The restricted movements of ringed seals during the ice-bound season-including the breeding season-limits their foraging activities for most of the year and may minimize gene flow within the species. C1 [Kelly, Brendan P.; Badajos, Oriana H.; Kunnasranta, Mervi; Moran, John R.; Martinez-Bakker, Micaela] Univ Alaska SE, Dept Nat Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Badajos, Oriana H.] Kachemak Bay Res Reserve, Homer, AK 99603 USA. [Kunnasranta, Mervi] Finnish Game & Fisheries Res Inst, Turku 20520, Finland. [Moran, John R.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Wartzok, Douglas] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Boveng, Peter] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Kelly, BP (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM brendan.kelly@noaa.gov RI Martinez-Bakker, Micaela/J-3721-2013 OI Martinez-Bakker, Micaela/0000-0002-9248-9450 FU Office of Naval Research, the Coastal Marine Institute (Minerals Management Service and the University of Alaska Fairbanks); North Pacific Research Board [241]; National Marine Mammal Laboratory (National Marine Fisheries Service); Natural Resources Fund (University of Alaska); National Science Foundation FX This project was supported by the Office of Naval Research, the Coastal Marine Institute (Minerals Management Service and the University of Alaska Fairbanks), the North Pacific Research Board (Publication number 241), the National Marine Mammal Laboratory (National Marine Fisheries Service), the Natural Resources Fund (University of Alaska), and the National Science Foundation while the first author was working in the Office of Polar Programs. The Polar Continental Shelf Project (Canada); the Hunters and Trappers Association of Resolute Bay, NorthwestTerritories, Canada; BP Alaska; ConocoPhillips; the Department of Wildlife Management, North Slope Borough, Alaska; the Nanuuq Commission; the Ice Seal Committee; the Native Village of Kotzebue; the Department of Fisheries and Oceans (Canada); Ida and Nathaniel Olemaun Jr., Ross Schaeffer Sr., and Alex Whiting provided expertise and logistic support. Seal tracking was labor intensive, and we were assisted in the field and laboratory by over 50 hard-working and cold-tolerant individuals including P. Amariluk, J. Bengtson, H. Cleator, M. Cronin, R. Ettagiak, R. Flinn, L. Harwood, S. Innes, J. Jones, C. Kelly, J. London, T. Manik, D. MacDonald, R. Memorana, J. Nielsen, L. Quakenbush, R. Schaeffer, M. Simpkins, T. Smith; S. Sell, R. Sneider, B. Taras, A. Whiting, and 12 students from the University of Alaska Southeast's Research Experiences for Undergraduates program. J. London and M. Cameron assisted with data reduction and graphics. A draft of this manuscript was improved by comments from Erin Moreland and Elizabeth Mathews. This research was conducted under the terms of Scientific Research Permits No. 350-1434 and 782-1694-00 issued by the Office of Protected Resources, National Marine Fisheries Service, United States and Scientific License numbers SLE-04/05-328 and SLE-05/06-322 issued by the Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO), Canada. Animal Care Use Protocols were issued by the University of Alaska Fairbanks (Assurance 08-11) and the DFO (UFWI-ACC-2004-2005-001U). NR 120 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 41 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 33 IS 8 BP 1095 EP 1109 DI 10.1007/s00300-010-0796-x PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 627WN UT WOS:000280074800010 ER PT J AU Hu, HQ Zhang, CG Han, CC Zhao, JA Wei, YY Sung, LP Gu, XH Clerici, C AF Hu HaiQing Zhang ChengGui Han, Charles C. Zhao Jian Wei YanYan Sung Li-Piin Gu XiaoHong Clerici, Cyril TI Dispersion of particles in the coatings characterized by laser scanning confocal micrscopy (LSCM) I: Vertical dispersion of particles in the coatings and the weathering property studied by orthogonal analysis method of LSCM SO SCIENCE CHINA-TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM); TiO(2); epoxy coatings; vertical dispersion of particles ID MICROSCOPY; POLYETHYLENE; BLEND AB Two kinds of TiO(2) filled epoxy coatings were designed and prepared to obtain pigments with different dispersion degrees of TiO(2) particles. Laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) was used to investigate both the horizontal and vertical distributions of TiO(2) particles in the coatings. The results indicated that TiO(2) in the two samples shared considerable similarity in horizental dispersion, but exhibited great difference in vertical dispersion. TiO(2) showed uniform vertical distribution in disp coating, wheras a gap about 1.1 mu m was found in the non-disp coating, which significantly influenced the surface optical properties of the coatings during weathering. Based on the confocal data, the model of dispersion of pigments in the coatings was proposed and the change of surface properties during weathering was predicted: the surface optical properties showed an initial decrease followed by a subsequent increase, which was in good agreement with the weathering data. C1 [Hu HaiQing; Zhao Jian; Wei YanYan] Qingdao Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Polymer Sci & Engn, Minist Educ, Key Lab Rubber Plast QUST, Qingdao 266042, Peoples R China. [Zhang ChengGui] Zhengzhou Univ Light Ind, Coll Mat & Chem Engn, Key Lab Surface & Interface Sci Henan Prov, Zhengzhou 450002, Peoples R China. [Han, Charles C.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Chem, State Key Lab Polymer Phys & Chem, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. [Sung Li-Piin; Gu XiaoHong; Clerici, Cyril] NIST, Polymer Mat Grp, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hu, HQ (reprint author), Qingdao Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Polymer Sci & Engn, Minist Educ, Key Lab Rubber Plast QUST, Qingdao 266042, Peoples R China. EM hhq@qust.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [20944004, 50943026]; Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastic (QUST) [0022200]; Ministry of Education of China [0805021] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 20944004, 50943026), the Open Research Program of the Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastic (QUST), the Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. 0805021), and the PhD Research Program of QUST (Grant No. 0022200). NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1674-7321 J9 SCI CHINA TECHNOL SC JI Sci. China-Technol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 53 IS 8 BP 2247 EP 2251 DI 10.1007/s11431-009-3164-8 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 627WB UT WOS:000280073500028 ER PT J AU Gaither, MS DelRio, FW Gates, RS Fuller, ER Cook, RF AF Gaither, Michael S. DelRio, Frank W. Gates, Richard S. Fuller, Edwin R., Jr. Cook, Robert F. TI Strength distribution of single-crystal silicon theta-like specimens SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Finite element methods; Fracture strength; Microelectromechanical systems; Single-crystal silicon ID MEASURING MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FRACTURE STRENGTH; SMALL-SCALE; MEMS; MODULI AB A new test specimen was developed for micro-scale tensile strength measurements, allowing direct assessment of surface effects on strength. Specimens were formed by deep reactive ion etching, tested with instrumented indentation, and test results interpreted using finite element analyses. Fracture strengths as great as 3 GPa were observed, with fracture initiating at processing-induced flaws and propagating along {1 1 1} and {1 1 0} planes. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Gaither, Michael S.; DelRio, Frank W.; Gates, Richard S.; Fuller, Edwin R., Jr.; Cook, Robert F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP DelRio, FW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM frank.delrio@nist.gov NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 63 IS 4 BP 422 EP 425 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2010.04.047 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 620JP UT WOS:000279496000018 ER PT J AU Ekin, JW AF Ekin, J. W. TI Unified scaling law for flux pinning in practical superconductors: I. Separability postulate, raw scaling data and parameterization at moderate strains SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; HIGH MAGNETIC-FIELDS; TEMPERATURE T-C; NB3SN CONDUCTORS; A-15 SUPERCONDUCTORS; II SUPERCONDUCTORS; FORCE DENSITY; SN-GA; DEPENDENCE; WIRES AB The unified strain-and-temperature scaling law underlies the many pinning-force-model expressions proposed to parameterize the dependence of the critical current I(c) on magnetic field B, temperature T and applied axial strain e in superconductors for high-field magnet design. Increasingly, these expressions have been evaluated by use of multiparameter simultaneous fits, without the use of scaling. In this review, we reintroduce the unified scaling law on which the recent parameterizations are based, as well as the power of raw scaling data for parameter consistency, extrapolation capability and data-based model evaluation. C1 [Ekin, J. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ekin, J. W.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ekin, JW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ekin@boulder.nist.gov FU US Dept. of Energy/High Energy Physics FX Appreciation is extended to Luca Bottura, Najib Cheggour, Arno Godeke, Loren Goodrich, Damian Hampshire, Matt Jewell and Sangjun Oh for many helpful editorial suggestions. I am also grateful to statistician Jolene Splett for her skill in the initial data reduction of many of the large datasets in this review, toMatt Jewell and Peter Lee for supplying composition information for the conductors, and to Annemiek Kamphuis for typing and formatting table 5. This work was supported in part by the US Dept. of Energy/High Energy Physics. NR 78 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 23 IS 8 AR 083001 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/23/8/083001 PG 30 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 625DH UT WOS:000279873600002 ER PT J AU Mahoney, CM AF Mahoney, Christine M. TI Cluster SIMS depth profiling of stereo-specific PMMA thin films on Si SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE SIMS; cluster; polymer; PMMA; stereochemistry; tacticity ID ION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); GLASS-TRANSITION; POLYMER SURFACES; BOMBARDMENT; BEAM; DAMAGE; MICROSCOPY; EMISSION; COATINGS AB Cluster SIMS, employing an SF(5)(+) polyatomic primary ion sputter source, in conjunction with a Bi(3)(+) analysis source, was utilized to depth profile through poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) thin films (approximately 140 nm) of variable tacticity. The damage characteristics of the stereospecific PMMA films under SF(5)(+) bombardment were measured as a function of temperature in the range of -75 degrees C-150 degrees C. On average, the isotactic PMMA exhibited the least amount of damage accumulation as compared to syndiotactic and atactic PMMA, with increased signal constancy as a function of SF(5)(+) dose and sharper PMMA/Si interface widths in the temperature range of 0 degrees C- 80 degrees C. These improvements in sputter properties were attributed to steric hindrances along the side-chain moieties in isotactic PMMA, causing increased strain along the main-chain backbone, and consequently increasing the likelihood of main-chain scission. Similar to previous studies, -75 degrees C yielded the most ideal depth profiles for all tacticities, exhibiting the least amount of damage accumulation in the form of characteristic signal loss and interfacial broadening. There were also significant improvements in the damage characteristics at higher temperatures as compared to 25 degrees C. However, other interfacial artifacts started to appear at or near the glass transition temperature (T(g)) of the various polymers, indicative of increased interfacial damage at these higher temperatures. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mahoney, CM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8371, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM christine.mahoney@nist.gov NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0142-2421 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 42 IS 8 SI SI BP 1393 EP 1401 DI 10.1002/sia.3115 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 635CQ UT WOS:000280633600004 ER PT J AU Ghirardelli, JE Glahn, B AF Ghirardelli, Judy E. Glahn, Bob TI The Meteorological Development Laboratory's Aviation Weather Prediction System SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID PROBABILISTIC FORECASTS; PRECIPITATION; GUIDANCE; SERVICE; LAMP; MOS AB The Meteorological Development Laboratory (MDL) has developed and implemented an aviation weather prediction system that runs each hour and produces forecast guidance for each hour into the future out to 25 h covering the major forecast period of the National Weather Service (NWS) Terminal Aerodrome Forecast. The Localized Aviation Model Output Statistics (MOS) Program (LAMP) consists of analyses of observations, simple advective models, and a statistical component that updates the longer-range MOS forecasts from the Global Forecast System (GFS) model. LAMP, being an update to GFS MOS, is shown to be an improvement over it, as well as improving over persistence. LAMP produces probabilistic forecasts for the aviation weather elements of ceiling height, sky cover, visibility, obstruction to vision, precipitation occurrence and type, and thunderstorms. Best-category forecasts are derived from these probabilities and their associated thresholds. The LAMP guidance of sensible weather is available for 1591 stations in the contiguous United States, Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. Probabilistic guidance of thunderstorms is also available on a grid. The LAMP guidance is available to the entire weather enterprise via NWS communication networks and the World Wide Web. In the future, all station guidance will be gridded and be made available in a form compatible with the NWS's National Digital Forecast Database. C1 [Ghirardelli, Judy E.; Glahn, Bob] NOAA, NWS, Meteorol Dev Lab, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Ghirardelli, JE (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, Meteorol Dev Lab, Off Sci & Technol, 1325 EW Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM judy.ghirardelli@noaa.gov FU NWS FX The radar data used in the LAMP development were provided by the GHRC of the Global Hydrology and Climate Center (GHCC) in Huntsville, Alabama. The lightning strike data from 1994 through 2005 were provided by the GHRC through a license agreement with Global Atmospherics, Inc. (GAI). The lightning data from 2006 and on, as well as the real-time lightning data, were provided by Vaisala Inc. through NWS contract. NR 63 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 25 IS 4 BP 1027 EP 1051 DI 10.1175/2010WAF2222312.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 636KG UT WOS:000280731800002 ER PT J AU Clark, AJ Gallus, WA Xue, M Kong, FY AF Clark, Adam J. Gallus, William A., Jr. Xue, Ming Kong, Fanyou TI Convection-Allowing and Convection-Parameterizing Ensemble Forecasts of a Mesoscale Convective Vortex and Associated Severe Weather Environment SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID WARM-SEASON PRECIPITATION; LIVED MESOCONVECTIVE VORTICES; TORNADIC THUNDERSTORM SYSTEM; RAPID UPDATE CYCLE; PART II; CORE VORTEX; ADJUSTMENT SCHEME; PREDICTION SYSTEM; COORDINATE MODEL; JOHNSTOWN FLOOD AB An analysis of a regional severe weather outbreak that was related to a mesoscale convective vortex (MCV) is performed. The MCV-spawning mesoscale convection system (MCS) formed in northwest Kansas along the southern periphery of a large cutoff 500-hPa low centered over western South Dakota. As the MCS propagated into eastern Kansas during the early morning of 1 June 2007, an MCV that became evident from multiple data sources [e. g., Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) network, visible satellite imagery, wind-profiler data, Rapid Update Cycle 1-hourly analyses] tracked through northwest Missouri and central Iowa and manifested itself as a well-defined midlevel short-wave trough. Downstream of the MCV in southeast Iowa and northwest Illinois, southwesterly 500-hPa winds increased to around 25 m s(-1) over an area with southeasterly surface winds and 500-1500 J kg(-1) of surface-based convective available potential energy (CAPE), creating a favorable environment for severe weather. In the favorable region, multiple tornadoes occurred, including one rated as a category 3 storm on the enhanced Fujita scale (EF3) that caused considerable damage. In the analysis, emphasis is placed on the role of the MCV in leading to a favorable environment for severe weather. In addition, convection-allowing forecasts of the MCV and associated environmental conditions from the 10-member Storm-Scale Ensemble Forecast (SSEF) system produced for the 2007 NOAA Hazardous Weather Testbed Spring Experiment are compared to those from a similarly configured, but coarser, 30-member convection-parameterizing ensemble. It was found that forecasts of the MCV track and associated environmental conditions (e. g., midlevel winds, low-level wind shear, and instability) were much better in the convection-allowing ensemble. Errors in the MCV track from convection-parameterizing members likely resulted from westward displacement errors in the incipient MCS. Furthermore, poor depiction of MCV structure and maintenance in convection-parameterizing members, which was diagnosed through a vorticity budget analysis, likely led to the relatively poor forecasts of the associated environmental conditions. The results appear to be very encouraging for convection-allowing ensembles, especially when environmental conditions lead to a high degree of predictability for MCSs, which appeared to be the case for this particular event. C1 [Clark, Adam J.; Gallus, William A., Jr.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Geol & Atmospher Sci, Ames, IA USA. [Xue, Ming] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Xue, Ming; Kong, Fanyou] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Clark, AJ (reprint author), NSSL FRDD, Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM adam.clark@noaa.gov RI Xue, Ming/F-8073-2011 OI Xue, Ming/0000-0003-1976-3238 FU NSF [ATM-0537043, ATM-0848200, ATM-0530814, ATM-0802888]; National Research Council; NOAA CSTAR; NSF ITR [ATM-0331594] FX The authors thank Huiling Yuan at the Global Systems Division of the Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL GSD) for assistance in obtaining SREF data in post-real time. This particular research was funded by NSF Grants ATM-0537043 and ATM-0848200. Additional support was provided through a National Research Council Postdoctoral Award for the first author under the guidance of David Stensrud. The ENS20 simulations were conducted on the 64-processor computing cluster in the meteorology program at ISU. The CAPS real-time 4-km ensemble forecasts were primarily supported by the NOAA CSTAR program. Supplementary support was provided by NSF ITR project LEAD (ATM-0331594). MX was also supported by NSF ATM-0530814 and ATM-0802888. Drs. Kelvin K. Droegemeier, Keith Brewster, John Kain, Steve Weiss, David Bright, Matt Wandishin, Mike Coniglio, Jun Du, Jimy Dudhia, Morris Weisman, Greg Thompson, and Wei Wang contributed to the ensemble system design and WRF model configuration, and Kevin Thomas carried out the CAPS real-time runs. The CAPS real-time predictions were performed at the Pittsburgh Super-computing Center (PSC), which is supported by NSF. The WSI NOWrad data were obtained from the Global Hydrology Resource Center at the Global Hydrology and Climate Center in Huntsville, Alabama. Finally, constructive comments from Russ Schumacher, Stan Trier, and an anonymous reviewer were greatly appreciated and helped improve the manuscript. NR 94 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 25 IS 4 BP 1052 EP 1081 DI 10.1175/2010WAF2222390.1 PG 30 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 636KG UT WOS:000280731800003 ER PT J AU Banacos, PC Ekster, ML AF Banacos, Peter C. Ekster, Michael L. TI The Association of the Elevated Mixed Layer with Significant Severe Weather Events in the Northeastern United States SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID MOTION; MODEL AB The occurrence of rare but significant severe weather events associated with elevated mixed-layer (EML) air in the northeastern United States is investigated herein. A total of 447 convective event days with one or more significant severe weather report [where significant is defined as hail 2 in. (5.1 cm) in diameter or greater, a convective gust of 65 kt (33 m s(-1)) or greater, and/or a tornado of F2 or greater intensity] were identified from 1970 through 2006 during the warm season (1 May-30 September). Of these, 34 event days (7.6%) were associated with identifiable EML air in regional rawinsondes preceding the event. Taken with two other noteworthy events in 1953 and 1969, a total of 36 significant severe weather events associated with EML air were studied via composite and trajectory analysis. Though a small percentage of the total, these 36 events compose a noteworthy list of historically significant derechos and tornadic events to affect the northeastern United States. It is demonstrated that plumes of EML air emanating from the Intermountain West in subsiding, anticyclonically curved flows can reinforce the capping inversion and maintain the integrity of the EML across the central United States over a few days. The EML plume can ultimately become entrained into a moderately fast westerly to northwesterly midtropospheric flow allowing for the plume's advection into the northeastern United States. Resultant thermodynamic conditions in the convective storm environment are similar to those more typically observed closer to the EML source region in the Great Plains of the United States. In addition to composite and trajectory analysis, two case studies are employed to demonstrate salient and evolutionary aspects of the EML in such events. A lapse rate tendency equation is explored to put EML advection in context with other processes affecting lapse rate. C1 [Banacos, Peter C.] NOAA, NWS, Weather Forecast Off, Burlington, VT USA. [Ekster, Michael L.] NOAA, NWS, Weather Forecast Off, Taunton, MA USA. RP Banacos, PC (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, Weather Forecast Off, 1200 Airport Dr, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. EM peter.banacos@noaa.gov NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 25 IS 4 BP 1082 EP 1102 DI 10.1175/2010WAF2222363.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 636KG UT WOS:000280731800004 ER PT J AU Shi, XH Xu, XD Lu, CG AF Shi, Xiaohui Xu, Xiangde Lu, Chungu TI The Dynamic and Thermodynamic Structures Associated with a Series of Heavy Precipitation Events over China during January 2008 SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID ARCTIC-OSCILLATION; WINTER MONSOON; TEMPERATURE AB In the winter of 2008, China experienced once-in-50-yr (or once in 100 yr for some regions) snow and ice storms. These storms brought huge socio economical impacts upon the Chinese people and government. Although the storms had been predicted, their severity and persistence were largely underestimated. In this study, these cases were revisited and comprehensive analyses of the storms' dynamic and thermodynamic structures were conducted. These snowstorms were also compared with U. S. east coast snowstorms. The results from this study will provide insights on how to improve forecasts for these kinds of snowstorms. The analyses demonstrated that the storms exhibited classic patterns of large-scale circulation common to these types of snowstorms. However, several physical processes were found to be unique and thought to have played crucial roles in intensifying and prolonging China's great snowstorms of 2008. These include a subtropical high over the western Pacific, an upper-level jet stream, and temperature and moisture inversions. The combined effects of these dynamic and thermodynamic structures are responsible for the development of the storms into one of the most disastrous events in Chinese history. C1 [Shi, Xiaohui; Xu, Xiangde] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Lu, Chungu] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Lu, Chungu] Colorado State Univ, Boulder, CO USA. RP Lu, CG (reprint author), GSD David Skaggs Res Ctr, 325 S Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM chungu.lu@noaa.gov FU International Sci.-Tech. Cooperative Project [2007DFB20210]; Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China; Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences [2008Z006]; LaSW [2008LASWZI04, 2009LASWZF02]; China-Japan Meteorological Disaster Cooperative Research Center, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) FX The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to Jeff Waldstreicher for his excellent editorship and insightful suggestions that improved this paper significantly. This research was jointly funded by the International Sci.-Tech. Cooperative Project (2007DFB20210), the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, the Key Project of Basic Scientific Research and Operation fund of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (2008Z006), the Independent Research Project of LaSW (2008LASWZI04, 2009LASWZF02), and the China-Japan Meteorological Disaster Cooperative Research Center, which is China-Japan intergovernmental cooperation program that is supported by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). We are also grateful to Annie Reiser for providing typographical, grammar, and style edits for this paper. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 25 IS 4 BP 1124 EP 1141 DI 10.1175/2010WAF2222335.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 636KG UT WOS:000280731800006 ER PT J AU Rudack, DE Ghirardelli, JE AF Rudack, David E. Ghirardelli, Judy E. TI A Comparative Verification of Localized Aviation Model Output Statistics Program (LAMP) and Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) Model Forecasts of Ceiling Height and Visibility SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB In an effort to support aviation forecasting, the National Weather Service's Meteorological Development Laboratory (MDL) has recently redeveloped the Localized Aviation Model Output Statistics (MOS) Program (LAMP) system. LAMP is designed to run hourly in NWS operations and produce short-range aviation forecast guidance at 1-h projections out to 25 h. This paper compares and contrasts LAMP ceiling height and visibility forecasts with forecasts produced by the 20-km Rapid Update Cycle model (RUC20), the Weather Research and Forecasting Nonhydrostatic Mesoscale Model (WRF-NMM), and the Short-Range Ensemble Forecast system (SREF). RUC20 and WRF-NMM forecasts of continuous ceiling height and visibility were interpolated to stations and converted into categorical forecasts. These interpolated forecasts were also categorized into instrument flight rule (IFR) or lower conditions and verified against LAMP forecasts at stations in the contiguous United States. LAMP and SREF probabilistic forecasts of ceiling height and visibility from LAMP and the SREF system were also verified. This study demonstrates that for the 0000 and 1200 UTC cycles over the contiguous United States, LAMP station-based categorical forecasts of ceiling height, visibility, and IFR conditions or lower are more accurate than the RUC20 and WRF-NMM ceiling height and visibility forecasts interpolated to stations. Moreover, for the 0900 and 2100 UTC forecast cycles and verification periods studied here, LAMP ceiling height and visibility probabilities exhibit better reliability and skill than the SREF system. C1 [Rudack, David E.; Ghirardelli, Judy E.] NOAA, Meteorol Dev Lab, Off Sci & Technol, NWS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Rudack, DE (reprint author), NOAA, Meteorol Dev Lab, Off Sci & Technol, NWS, 1325 EW Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM david.rudack@noaa.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 25 IS 4 BP 1161 EP 1178 DI 10.1175/2010WAF2222383.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 636KG UT WOS:000280731800008 ER PT J AU Gillies, RR Wang, SY Yoon, JH Weaver, S AF Gillies, Robert R. Wang, Shih-Yu Yoon, Jin-Ho Weaver, Scott TI CFS Prediction of Winter Persistent Inversions in the Intermountain Region SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE FORECAST SYSTEM; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; OSCILLATION; FLUCTUATIONS; CALIFORNIA AB A recent study by Gillies and others of persistent inversion events in the Intermountain West of the United States found a substantive linkage between the intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) and the development of persistent inversion events. Given that NCEP's Climate Forecast System (CFS) has demonstrated skill in the prediction of the ISO as far out as 1 month, it was decided to examine the CFS forecast's capability in the prediction of such winter persistent inversions. After initial analysis, a simple regression scheme is proposed that is coupled to the CFS output of geopotential height as a way to predict the occurrence of persistent inversion events for Salt Lake City, Utah. Analysis of the CFS hindcasts through the period 1981-2008 indicates that the regression coupled with the CFS can predict persistent inversion events with lead times of up to 4 weeks. The adoption of this coupled regression-CFS prediction may improve the forecasting of persistent inversion events in the Intermountain West, which is currently restricted to the more limited time span (similar to 10 days) of medium-range weather forecast models. C1 [Gillies, Robert R.; Wang, Shih-Yu] Utah State Univ, Utah Climate Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Gillies, Robert R.] Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Climate, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Yoon, Jin-Ho; Weaver, Scott] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Yoon, Jin-Ho] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Gillies, RR (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Utah Climate Ctr, 4825 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM robert.gillies@usu.edu RI Wang, S.-Y. Simon/G-2566-2010; YOON, JIN-HO/A-1672-2009 OI YOON, JIN-HO/0000-0002-4939-8078 FU USDA; Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Utah State University FX Valuable comments by three anonymous reviewers were highly appreciated. We thank Marty Booth for preparing the PM2.5 data. This study was supported by the USDA-CSREES-funded Drought Management, Utah Project, and the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Utah State University, and approved as journal paper number 8186. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 25 IS 4 BP 1211 EP 1218 DI 10.1175/2010WAF2222419.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 636KG UT WOS:000280731800011 ER PT J AU Wang, SY Clark, AJ AF Wang, Shih-Yu Clark, Adam J. TI NAM Model Forecasts of Warm-Season Quasi-Stationary Frontal Environments in the Central United States SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID CONVECTIVE ADJUSTMENT SCHEME; PRECIPITATION; SYSTEMS; PLAINS; SKILL; PREDICTABILITY; TROUGHS; STORMS AB Using a composite procedure, North American Mesoscale Model (NAM) forecast and observed environments associated with zonally oriented, quasi-stationary surface fronts for 64 cases during July-August 2006-08 were examined for a large region encompassing the central United States. NAM adequately simulated the general synoptic features associated with the frontal environments (e. g., patterns in the low-level wind fields) as well as the positions of the fronts. However, kinematic fields important to frontogenesis such as horizontal deformation and convergence were overpredicted. Surface-based convective available potential energy (CAPE) and precipitable water were also overpredicted, which was likely related to the over-prediction of the kinematic fields through convergence of water vapor flux. In addition, a spurious coherence between forecast deformation and precipitation was found using spatial correlation coefficients. Composite precipitation forecasts featured a broad area of rainfall stretched parallel to the composite front, whereas the composite observed precipitation covered a smaller area and had a WNW-ESE orientation relative to the front, consistent with mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) propagating at a slight right angle relative to the thermal gradient. Thus, deficiencies in the NAM precipitation forecasts may at least partially result from the inability to depict MCSs properly. It was observed that errors in the precipitation forecasts appeared to lag those of the kinematic fields, and so it seems likely that deficiencies in the precipitation forecasts are related to the over-prediction of the kinematic fields such as deformation. However, no attempts were made to establish whether the overpredicted kinematic fields actually contributed to the errors in the precipitation forecasts or whether the overpredicted kinematic fields were simply an artifact of the precipitation errors. Regardless of the relationship between such errors, recognition of typical warm-season environments associated with these errors should be useful to operational forecasters. C1 [Wang, Shih-Yu] Utah State Univ, Utah Climate Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Clark, Adam J.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Wang, SY (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Utah Climate Ctr, 4825 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM simon.wang@usu.edu RI Wang, S.-Y. Simon/G-2566-2010 FU USDA; National Research Council FX Valuable comments offered by William Gallus and two anonymous reviewers are highly appreciated. SYWis supported by the USDA-CSREES funded Drought Management, Utah Project, and AJC is supported through a National Research Council postdoctoral award. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 25 IS 4 BP 1281 EP 1292 DI 10.1175/2010WAF2222394.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 636KG UT WOS:000280731800017 ER PT J AU Sampson, CR Wittmann, PA Tolman, HL AF Sampson, Charles R. Wittmann, Paul A. Tolman, Hendrik L. TI Consistent Tropical Cyclone Wind and Wave Forecasts for the US Navy SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID TRAPPED-FETCH WAVES; PREDICTION SYSTEM; MODEL; OCEAN; ASSIMILATION; CLIMATOLOGY; PERSISTENCE; CURRENTS; NCEP AB A new algorithm to generate wave heights consistent with tropical cyclone official forecasts from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) has been developed. The process involves generating synthetic observations from the forecast track and the 34-, 50-, and 64-kt wind radii. The JTWC estimate of the radius of maximum winds is used in the algorithm to generate observations for the forecast intensity (wind), and the JTWC-estimated radius of the outermost closed isobar is used to assign observations at the outermost extent of the tropical cyclone circulation. These observations are then interpolated to a high-resolution latitude-longitude grid covering the entire extent of the circulation. Finally, numerical weather prediction (NWP) model fields are obtained for each forecast time, the NWP model forecast tropical cyclone is removed from these fields, and the new JTWC vortex is inserted without blending zones between the vortex and the background. These modified fields are then used as input into a wave model to generate waves consistent with the JTWC forecasts. The algorithm is applied to Typhoon Yagi (2006), in anticipation of which U. S. Navy ships were moved from Tokyo Bay to an area off the southeastern coast of Kyushu. The decision to move (sortie) the ships was based on NWP model-driven long-range wave forecasts that indicated high seas impacting the coast in the vicinity of Tokyo Bay. The sortie decision was made approximately 84 h in advance of the high seas in order to give ships time to steam the approximately 500 n mi to safety. Results from the new algorithm indicate that the high seas would not affect the coast near Tokyo Bay within 84 h. This specific forecast verifies, but altimeter observations show that it does not outperform, the NWP model-driven wave analysis and forecasts for this particular case. Overall, the performance of the new algorithm is dependent on the JTWC tropical cyclone forecast performance, which has generally outperformed those of the NWP model over the last several years. C1 [Sampson, Charles R.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Wittmann, Paul A.] Fleet Numer Meteorol & Oceanog Ctr, Monterey, CA USA. [Tolman, Hendrik L.] NOAA, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Sampson, CR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM sampson@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Sampson, Charles/F-5684-2010 FU Office of Naval Research [N0001409WX20179] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the JTWC for their diligent efforts with the ATCF. Appreciation is extended to Jake Hinz, Brian Howell, Dave Lamey, Mark Willis, Ben Jones, Joel Feldmeier, Greg Ireton, and others in U. S. Navy operations for their willingness to evaluate and use the products. The authors alsowish to acknowledge Jeff Dixon for the Yagi (2006) sortie information and help in getting this project funded. Thanks to Bill Anderson, Tim Hogan, and Paul May for providing the NOGAPS data. Great appreciation is extended to Mike Fiorino for the JTWC/WW3 php interface, and Jim Goerss, Ted Tsui, John Cook, and two anonymous reviewers for editorial comments. Most WW3 graphics were made with the Gridded Analysis and Display System (GrADS). This project is supported through a grant from the Office of Naval Research (N0001409WX20179). The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official U. S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 25 IS 4 BP 1293 EP 1306 DI 10.1175/2010WAF2222376.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 636KG UT WOS:000280731800018 ER PT J AU Brill, KF Pyle, M AF Brill, Keith F. Pyle, Matthew TI The Response of Performance Metrics for Binary Forecasts to Hedging that Approaches Random Change SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID GENERAL ANALYTIC METHOD; SENSITIVITY; BIAS; VERIFICATION; SKILL AB Critical performance ratio (CPR) expressions for the eight conditional probabilities associated with the 2 x 2 contingency table of outcomes for binary (dichotomous "yes'' or "no'') forecasts are derived. Two are shown to be useful in evaluating the effects of hedging as it approaches random change. The CPR quantifies how the probability of detection (POD) must change as frequency bias changes, so that a performance measure (or conditional probability) indicates an improved forecast for a given value of frequency bias. If yes forecasts were to be increased randomly, the probability of additional correct forecasts (hits) is given by the detection failure ratio (DFR). If the DFR for a performance measure is greater than the CPR, the forecast is likely to be improved by the random increase in yes forecasts. Thus, the DFR provides a benchmark for the CPR in the case of frequency bias inflation. If yes forecasts are decreased randomly, the probability of removing a hit is given by the frequency of hits (FOH). If the FOH for a performance measure is less than the CPR, the forecast is likely to be improved by the random decrease in yes forecasts. Therefore, the FOH serves as a benchmark for the CPR if the frequency bias is decreased. The closer the FOH (DFR) is to being less (greater) than or equal to the CPR, the more likely it may be to enhance the performance measure by decreasing (increasing) the frequency bias. It is shown that randomly increasing yes forecasts for a forecast that is itself better than a randomly generated forecast can improve the threat score but is not likely to improve the equitable threat score. The equitable threat score is recommended instead of the threat score whenever possible. C1 [Brill, Keith F.] NOAA, NCEP, HPC, Ctr Sci, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Pyle, Matthew] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Brill, KF (reprint author), NOAA, NCEP, HPC, Ctr Sci, W-NP32,Rm 410B-2,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM keith.brill@noaa.gov FU NCEP/HPC FX Funding from NCEP/HPC to provide computational tools and to cover the publication costs is much appreciated. NCEP/EMC is also gratefully acknowledged for contributing to the publication costs. The authors thank the anonymous reviewers whose suggestions for revisions substantially improved the comprehensibility of this note. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 25 IS 4 BP 1307 EP 1314 DI 10.1175/2010WAF2222381.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 636KG UT WOS:000280731800019 ER PT J AU Merino, JH Rozas, LP Minello, TJ Sheridan, PF AF Merino, Joy H. Rozas, Lawrence P. Minello, Thomas J. Sheridan, Peter F. TI Effects of Marsh Terracing on Nekton Abundance at Two Locations in Galveston Bay, Texas SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Decapods; Fishes; Gulf of Mexico; Habitat value; Restoration ID SALT MARSHES; DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS; GULF-COAST; HABITAT; FISH; RESTORATION; ASSEMBLAGE; ESTUARINE; NURSERIES; SELECTION AB We evaluated two marsh terracing restoration projects (GI=Galveston Island State Park, PM=Pierce Marsh) to compare nekton density and biomass between locations and among habitat types (open water pre-construction, open water post-construction, terrace marsh, terrace pond). Most (72%) animals collected were decapod crustaceans. Few differences in nekton abundance were observed over time (pre-construction versus post-construction open water). Comparisons of pre-construction to post-construction open water showed that the locations differed environmentally (e.g., turbidity) and in populations of nekton species. Density and biomass of gulf menhaden Brevoortia patronus and spot Leiostomus xanthurus in spring and density of white shrimp Litopenaeus setiferus in fall were higher at PM than GI, whereas densities and biomass of blue crab Callinectes sapidus, density of pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus duorarum, and biomass of brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus aztecus in the fall were higher at GI than PM. Despite location differences, constructing terraces appeared to benefit fishery species at both locations. Densities of brown shrimp, blue crab, white shrimp (fall), and pink shrimp (fall) and the biomass of brown shrimp, blue crab, and white shrimp (fall) were higher in terrace marsh than open water. Marsh terracing appears to be an effective tool for enhancing fishery habitat in degraded coastal systems. C1 [Merino, Joy H.; Rozas, Lawrence P.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Estuarine Habitats & Coastal Fisheries Lab, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Minello, Thomas J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Galveston Lab, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. [Sheridan, Peter F.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City Lab, Panama City Beach, FL 32408 USA. RP Merino, JH (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Estuarine Habitats & Coastal Fisheries Lab, 646 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM joy.merino@noaa.gov FU NOAA Fisheries Service Restoration Center; Southeast Fisheries Science Center FX Funding for this research was provided by the NOAA Fisheries Service Restoration Center and Southeast Fisheries Science Center. The research was conducted through the NOAA Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center by personnel from the Fishery Ecology Branch located at the Galveston Laboratory and the Estuarine Habitats and Coastal Fisheries Center in Lafayette, LA. In particular, field and laboratory assistance was provided by Philip Caldwell, Harley Clinton, Molly Dillender, Jim Ditty, Jennifer Doerr, Shawn Hillen, Joni Kernan, Kirk Kilfoyle, Seth King, Genni Miller, Freddie Nix, Matt Prine, Juan Salas, Katie Turner, Katrinyda Williams, and Elizabeth Wilson. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the NOAA Fisheries Service. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD AUG PY 2010 VL 30 IS 4 BP 693 EP 704 DI 10.1007/s13157-010-0079-x PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 646TG UT WOS:000281565300005 ER PT J AU de Castro, MS Richards, WJ Bonecker, ACT AF de Castro, Marcia S. Richards, William J. Bonecker, Ana Cristina T. TI Occurrence and distribution of larval lanternfish (Myctophidae) from the southwest Atlantic Ocean SO ZOOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Brazilian coast; larval mesopelagic fish; Myctophidae; spatial variation; tropical region ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA REGION; FAMILY MYCTOPHIDAE; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SEASONAL-VARIATION; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; PISCES; SEA; ICHTHYOPLANKTON; MYCTOPHIFORMES; VARIABILITY AB This study analyzes the occurrence and distribution of lanternfish (Myctophidae) larvae along the Brazilian coast (12-22 degrees S) between 200 m and the surface. Three cruises were conducted during the spring/1998, winter/1999 and autumn/2000. A total of 3,394 lanternfish larvae were identified representing 27 species and Lepidophanes guentheri (Goode & Bean, 1896) was the most abundant. Most of the identified taxa were in the postflexion stage. Myctophid larvae were more numerous during the winter. Most taxa were distributed widely from 12-22 degrees S, including some seamounts, and occurred mainly outside the 1,000 m isobath. Although there was no difference in the myctophid community among the coastal, oceanic and seamount regions it was significantly different during the three seasons. During the spring and autumn Hygophum reinhardtii (Lutken, 1892) was the discriminating species while in the winter there were more L. guentheri. C1 [de Castro, Marcia S.; Bonecker, Ana Cristina T.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Biol, Dept Zool, CCS, BR-21941590 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Richards, William J.] NOAA Fisheries, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP de Castro, MS (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Biol, Dept Zool, CCS, Bloco A, BR-21941590 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM mscastro@biologia.ufrj.br; bill.richards@noaa.gov; ana@biologia.ufrj.br RI Castro, Marcia/A-6026-2013; Bonecker, Ana/M-5669-2013 OI Bonecker, Ana/0000-0003-2606-884X FU Comite Executivo, Comissao Interministerial para os Recursos do Mar (SECIRM); Ministerio do Meio Ambiente (MMA); Plano Setorial para os Recursos do Mar; Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal he Nivel Superior (CAPES) FX The authors thank the team of Zooplankton and Ichthyoplankton Integrated Laboratory of Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro for assistance in field surveys. We also thank S.L.C. Bonecker for his comments on this manuscript and his help on data interpretation. Thanks to H.G. Moser tor his help in larval identification and J.L. Valentin for his help with correspondence analysis. We thank M. Macedo for the artwork in ACC analysis. This study was supported by the Comite Executivo, Comissao Interministerial para os Recursos do Mar (SECIRM), Ministerio do Meio Ambiente (MMA), Plano Setorial para os Recursos do Mar. Additional support was provided by grant from Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal he Nivel Superior (CAPES). Temperature and salinity data obtained during spring and autumn cruises were provided by Hydrobiology laboratory of Universidade Federal do Rio he Janeiro. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOC BRASILEIRA ZOOLOGIA, UNIV FEDERAL PARANA PI CURITIBA PA CAIXA POSTAL 19020, CURITIBA, PARANA 81531-980, BRAZIL SN 1984-4670 J9 ZOOLOGIA-CURITIBA JI Zoologia PD AUG PY 2010 VL 27 IS 4 BP 541 EP 553 DI 10.1590/S1984-46702010000400006 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 648JJ UT WOS:000281689000006 ER PT J AU MacFadyen, A Hickey, BM AF MacFadyen, Amoreena Hickey, Barbara M. TI Generation and evolution of a topographically linked, mesoscale eddy under steady and variable wind-forcing SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE California Current System; Northeast Pacific; Mesoscale eddy dynamics; Flow-topography interactions; Numerical circulation modeling; Juan de Fuca Eddy ID DE-FUCA EDDY; CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; SANTA-BARBARA CHANNEL; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; VANCOUVER-ISLAND; DOMOIC ACID; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; WASHINGTON COAST; PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA; MODELING-SYSTEM AB Numerical simulations with the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) are used to study the initial spin-up and the evolution of a mesoscale, topographically linked eddy under steady and variable wind conditions. The development of a pool of dense water on the southern Vancouver Island shelf allows cyclonic eddies formed by coastal upwelling off Cape Flattery to spread westward, ultimately contributing to the shelf-wide circulation known as the Juan de Fuca Eddy. This dense water arises through upwelling of water present in the underlying canyon system and tidal mixing over several shallow banks to the north. Tidal mixing is critical to the separation of the eddy from the coast. Although steady upwelling winds with a seasonal mean magnitude (combined with estuarine flow and tides) produce an eddy, only fluctuating winds with timescales and magnitudes typical of the region result in an eddy with a westward extent similar to seasonal observations. With each period of upwelling-favorable winds, newly upwelled water from the coast is entrained into the eddy which grows in size and moves westward. Wind events also significantly affect the baroclinic structure of the eddy. Specifically, during typical summer wind reversals, model surface drifters continue to move cyclonically within the eddy for several days after each downwelling wind event. Under upwelling-favorable wind conditions, model drifters exit the eddy to the southeast as the eddy and coastal upwelling fronts merge into a continuous southeastward shelf break jet. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [MacFadyen, Amoreena; Hickey, Barbara M.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP MacFadyen, A (reprint author), NOAA, Off Response & Restorat, Emergency Response Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM amy.macfadyen@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA17OP2789, NA09NOS4780180]; National Science Foundation [OCE-0234587, OCE-0942675]; ECOHAB; PNWTOX; NOAA [NA07OA0310]; ECOHAB [332] FX This work was supported by grants from the Coastal Ocean Program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (NA17OP2789, NA09NOS4780180) and the National Science Foundation (OCE-0234587, OCE-0942675) as part of the ECOHAB Pacific Northwest project and the PNWTOX project, in addition to the NOAA Monitoring and Event Response for Harmful Algal Blooms program (NA07OA0310). The findings and conclusions are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of NOAA or the Department of Commerce. This is contribution #332 of the ECOHAB program and publication #28 of the ECOHAB PNW program. We would like to thank Mike Foreman (DFO Canada) for comments on an early version of this manuscript and for his collaboration in the initial model development. We also thank Susan Geier (UW) for her ongoing support for the ECOHAB PNW team. CID data presented was collected aboard the R/V Atlantis (July 2005) and R/V Melville (September 2005) and was processed by Nancy Kachel (UW). Finally, this work would not have been possible without the tools and support provided by the ROMS model developers and online community. NR 40 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD JUL 31 PY 2010 VL 30 IS 13 BP 1387 EP 1402 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2010.04.001 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 634IH UT WOS:000280573800001 ER PT J AU Sleeman, JC Meekan, MG Wilson, SG Polovina, JJ Stevens, JD Boggs, GS Bradshaw, CJA AF Sleeman, Jai C. Meekan, Mark G. Wilson, Steven G. Polovina, Jeffrey J. Stevens, John D. Boggs, Guy S. Bradshaw, Corey J. A. TI To go or not to go with the flow: Environmental influences on whale shark movement patterns SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Geostrophic currents; Migration; Oceanography; Passive diffusion model; Rhincodon typus; Satellite tracking ID CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC; RHINCODON-TYPUS; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; NINGALOO REEF; BASKING SHARKS; OCEAN CURRENTS; SEA-TURTLES; MULTIMODEL INFERENCE; SATELLITE TRACKING; FORAGING BEHAVIOR AB Seven whale sharks were tracked using satellite-linked tags from Ningaloo Reef, off northern Western Australia, following tagging in April and June 2002 and April-May 2005. We investigated how the movements of those whale shark tracks were influenced by geostrophic surface currents during sequential one-week periods by using a passive diffusion model parameterised with observed starting locations of the sharks and weekly maps of surface current velocity and direction (derived from altimetry). We compared the outputs from the passive diffusion model and maps of chlorophyll-a concentration (SeaWiFs/MODIS) and with the actual tracks of the sharks using GIS and generalized linear mixed-effects models (GLMM). The GLMM indicated very little support for passive diffusion with sea-surface ocean currents influencing whale shark distributions in the north eastern Indian Ocean. Moreover, the sharks' movements correlated only weakly with the spatial distribution of sea-surface chlorophyll-a concentrations. The seven whale sharks had average swimming speeds comparable with those recorded in other satellite tracking studies of this species. Swimming speeds of the seven sharks were similar to those reported in previous studies and up to three times greater than the maximum sea-surface current velocities that the sharks encountered while traversing into lower southerly latitudes (moving northward towards the equator). Our results indicate that whale sharks departing from Ningaloo travel actively and independently of near-surface currents where they spend most of their time despite additional metabolic costs of this behaviour. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sleeman, Jai C.; Boggs, Guy S.] Charles Darwin Univ, GIS & Remote Sensing Grp, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia. [Meekan, Mark G.] Australian Inst Marine Sci, Casuarina Mc, NT 0811, Australia. [Wilson, Steven G.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Polovina, Jeffrey J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Stevens, John D.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Bradshaw, Corey J. A.] Univ Adelaide, Inst Environm, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Bradshaw, Corey J. A.] Univ Adelaide, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Bradshaw, Corey J. A.] S Australian Res & Dev Inst, Henley Beach, SA 5022, Australia. RP Sleeman, JC (reprint author), Charles Darwin Univ, GIS & Remote Sensing Grp, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia. EM jai.sleeman@cdu.edu.au RI Bradshaw, Corey/A-1311-2008 OI Bradshaw, Corey/0000-0002-5328-7741 FU Osso Blue; Australian Institute of Marine Science; CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research; BHP Billiton Ltd.; Woodside Energy Ltd.; Chevron; U.S. NOAA Fisheries; DEC; Hubbs-SeaWorld Research Institute FX We thank C. McLean (AIMS), M. Horsham (CSIRO Marine & Atmospheric Research), G. Taylor and T. Maxwell for assistance in the field and M. Horsham for his design and modification of the satellite tag applicator. We also thank the R. Mau and the Western Australian Department of Environment and Conservation (formerly CALM) for their logistic assistance and T. Maxwell for support from his vessel Osso Blue. This research was supported by funding from the Australian Institute of Marine Science, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, BHP Billiton Ltd., Woodside Energy Ltd., Chevron, U.S. NOAA Fisheries, DEC and Hubbs-SeaWorld Research Institute. [SS] NR 41 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD JUL 31 PY 2010 VL 390 IS 2 BP 84 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2010.05.009 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 630YU UT WOS:000280313600003 ER PT J AU Piehler, MF Currin, CA Hall, NS AF Piehler, Michael F. Currin, Carolyn A. Hall, Nathan S. TI Estuarine intertidal sandflat benthic microalgal responses to in situ and mesocosm nitrogen additions SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Benthic microalgae; Nitrogen; Intertidal flat; Eutrophication; Primary productivity; Microphytobenthos ID PHYTOPLANKTON ABUNDANCE; NUTRIENT LIMITATION; TOP-DOWN; MICROPHYTOBENTHOS; WATER; ECOSYSTEMS; SEDIMENT; COMMUNITIES; BIOMASS; FLUXES AB Benthic microalgal communities are important components of estuarine food webs and make substantial contributions to coastal materials cycling. Nitrogen is generally the limiting factor for marine primary production: however other factors can limit benthic primary producers because of their access to the additional nutrients found in sediment porewater. Field and laboratory experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that water column nitrogen supply affects estuarine sandflat benthic microalgal community structure and function. Our field and mesocosm experiments assessed changes at both the population and functional group levels. Simulated water column nitrogen additions increased maximum community photosynthesis in most cases (Pb(max) from photosynthesis vs. irradiance curves). Additional changes that resulted from nitrogen additions were decreases in porewater phosphate, increases in porewater ammonium, shifts in community composition from N(2) fixing cyanobacteria toward diatoms, and detectable, though not statistically significant increases in biomass (as chlorophyll a). Results from field and laboratory experiments were quite similar, suggesting that laboratory experiments support accurate predictions of the response of intertidal benthic microalgae to changes in water column nutrient conditions. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Piehler, Michael F.; Hall, Nathan S.] UNC CH Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Currin, Carolyn A.] NOAA, NOS, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Piehler, MF (reprint author), UNC CH Inst Marine Sci, 3431 Arendell St, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. EM mpiehler@email.unc.edu RI Piehler, Michael/C-3844-2011 FU NOAA; North Carolina Sea Grant FX We thank V. Winklemann and J. Brewer for field and laboratory assistance. We acknowledge the NOAA Ecological Effects of Sea Level Rise Program and North Carolina Sea Grant for funding that contributed to the generation of this manuscript. We appreciate the editorial comments provided by W. Sunda and R. Waggett and the input of our anonymous reviewers. [SS] NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD JUL 31 PY 2010 VL 390 IS 2 BP 99 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2010.05.012 PG 7 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 630YU UT WOS:000280313600004 ER PT J AU Tselioudis, G Tromeur, E Rossow, WB Zerefos, CS AF Tselioudis, George Tromeur, Eric Rossow, William B. Zerefos, C. S. TI Decadal changes in tropical convection suggest effects on stratospheric water vapor SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TROPOPAUSE TEMPERATURES; WESTERN PACIFIC; CLOUD REGIMES; CIRCULATION AB Analysis of satellite observations of tropical Weather States derived from a cluster analysis of ISCCP cloud property retrievals, shows that the deep convection Weather State increased in frequency from 1983 to about 2000 and remained at a nearly constant level after that. The sharpest deep convection increase occurred between 1993 and 2000. This convection variability is driven by changes that occur in the Indian Ocean and the Western-Central Pacific regions, which are the regions where the majority of deep tropical convection occurs. Analysis modifications to account for satellite coverage changes during the period under examination do not alter these findings. Previous studies showed that stratospheric water vapor increased from 1980 to 2000 and dropped after that to lower levels that persist until today, and that this change could explain part of the recent global temperature variability. Since tropical deep convection is an important mechanism affecting stratospheric water vapor concentrations, the observed decadal changes in tropical deep convection could explain in part the stratospheric water vapor variability patterns. Citation: Tselioudis, G., E. Tromeur, W. B. Rossow, and C. S. Zerefos (2010), Decadal changes in tropical convection suggest effects on stratospheric water vapor, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L14806, doi:10.1029/2010GL044092. C1 [Tselioudis, George] Columbia Univ, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Tselioudis, George; Zerefos, C. S.] Acad Athens, Ctr Atmospher Phys & Climatol, Athens 11251, Greece. [Tromeur, Eric; Rossow, William B.] CUNY, NOAA, CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Tselioudis, G (reprint author), Columbia Univ, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM gtselioudis@giss.nasa.gov RI Rossow, William/F-3138-2015 FU NASA [08MAP0004, NNXD7AN04G] FX We thank an anonymous reviewer for thorough and constructive comments. Work by GT and W. B. R was supported by the NASA Modeling and Analysis Program (managed by David Considine, formerly by Don Anderson), under grants 08MAP0004 and NNXD7AN04G. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 30 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L14806 DI 10.1029/2010GL044092 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 634MC UT WOS:000280585100007 ER PT J AU Quay, PD Peacock, C Bjorkman, K Karl, DM AF Quay, P. D. Peacock, C. Bjoerkman, K. Karl, D. M. TI Measuring primary production rates in the ocean: Enigmatic results between incubation and non-incubation methods at Station ALOHA SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID TRIPLE-ISOTOPE COMPOSITION; PACIFIC SUBTROPICAL GYRE; NET COMMUNITY PRODUCTION; GROSS OXYGEN PRODUCTION; GAS-EXCHANGE; BIOGEOCHEMICAL VARIABILITY; METABOLIC BALANCE; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; TIME-SERIES; IN-VITRO AB Primary production (PP) rates were estimated using concurrent C-14 and O-18 bottle incubations and a non-incubation oxygen isotope ((17)Delta) based method during monthly cruises to the time series station ALOHA in the subtropical N. Pacific Ocean between March, 2006 and February, 2008. The mean gross oxygen production (GOP) rate in the photic layer (0-200m) at ALOHA was estimated at 103 +/- 43 and 78 +/- 17 mmol O-2 m(-2) d(-1) from the (17)Delta and O-18 methods, respectively. In comparison, the mean C-14-PP rate (daytime incubations) in the photic layer was 42 +/- 7 mmol C m(-2) d(-1) (502 +/- 84 mg C m(-2) d(-1)). Seasonal and depth variability (% change) for GOP rate was 2-3 times that for C-14-PP. The non-incubation (17)Delta-GOP rates consistently exceeded the incubation O-18-GOP rates by 25-60%, and possible methodological biases were evaluated. A supersaturation of the dissolved O-2/Ar gas ratio was measured every month yielding a mean annual value of 101.3 +/- 0.1% and indicating a consistent net autotrophic condition in the mixed layer at ALOHA. The mean annual net community production (NCP) rate at ALOHA estimated from dissolved O-2/Ar gas ratio was 14 +/- 4 mmol O-2 m(-2) d(-1) (120 +/- 33 mg C m(-2) d(-1) or 3.7 +/- 1.0 mol C m(-2) yr(-1)) for the mixed layer. A NCP/GOP ratio of 0.19 +/- 0.08 determined from (17)Delta and O-2/Ar measurements indicated that similar to 20% of gross photosynthetic production was available for export and harvest. C1 [Quay, P. D.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Peacock, C.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Bjoerkman, K.; Karl, D. M.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Quay, PD (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM pdquay@u.washington.edu FU NSF [OCE 0525843, OCE 0326616]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation FX We thank the crew and personnel during all the HOT cruises for their assistance with sample collection. Thanks to Mark Haught for helping with the oxygen isotope and O2/Ar measurements and to Laurie Juranek for advice on sample collection and 18O spiking procedures. In particular, we want to acknowledge the financial support by NSF Ocean Sciences under grant OCE 0525843 (P.D.Q.) and OCE 0326616 (D.M.K.) and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (D.M.K.). NR 53 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD JUL 30 PY 2010 VL 24 AR GB3014 DI 10.1029/2009GB003665 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 634MH UT WOS:000280585600002 ER PT J AU Bierwirth, E Wendisch, M Jakel, E Ehrlich, A Schmidt, KS Stark, H Pilewskie, P Esselborn, M Gobbi, GP Ferrare, R Muller, T Clarke, A AF Bierwirth, Eike Wendisch, Manfred Jaekel, Evelyn Ehrlich, Andre Schmidt, K. Sebastian Stark, Harald Pilewskie, Peter Esselborn, Michael Gobbi, Gian Paolo Ferrare, Richard Mueller, Thomas Clarke, Antony TI A new method to retrieve the aerosol layer absorption coefficient from airborne flux density and actinic radiation measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION LIDAR; SAHARAN DUST; SAMUM 2006; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; LOWER TROPOSPHERE; PHOTOLYSIS FREQUENCY; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; MOROCCO; OZONE; CLOUD AB A new method is presented to derive the mean value of the spectral absorption coefficient of an aerosol layer from combined airborne measurements of spectral net irradiance and actinic flux density. While the method is based on a theoretical relationship of radiative transfer theory, it is applied to atmospheric radiation measurements for the first time. The data have been collected with the Spectral Modular Airborne Radiation Measurement System (SMART-Albedometer), the Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer (SSFR), and the Actinic Flux Spectroradiometer (AFSR) during four field campaigns between 2002 and 2008 (the Saharan Mineral Dust Experiment (SAMUM), the Influence of Clouds on the Spectral Actinic Flux in the Lower Troposphere (INSPECTRO) project, and the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites and Aerosol, Radiation, and Cloud Processes Affecting Arctic Climate (ARCTAS/ARCPAC) projects). The retrieval algorithm is tested in a series of radiative transfer model runs and then applied to measurement cases with different aerosol species and loading. The method is shown to be a feasible approach to obtain the mean aerosol absorption coefficient across a given accessible altitude range. The results indicate that the method is viable whenever the difference of the net irradiance at the top and bottom of a layer is equal to or higher than the measurement uncertainty for net irradiance. This can be achieved by a high optical depth or a low single-scattering albedo within the layer. C1 [Bierwirth, Eike; Wendisch, Manfred; Ehrlich, Andre] Univ Leipzig, Leipziger Inst Meteorol, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. [Bierwirth, Eike; Schmidt, K. Sebastian; Pilewskie, Peter] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jaekel, Evelyn] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Atmospher Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. [Stark, Harald] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Esselborn, Michael] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Phys Atmosphare, D-82234 Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Gobbi, Gian Paolo] CNR, Inst Atmospher Sci & Climate, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ferrare, Richard] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Mueller, Thomas] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. [Clarke, Antony] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Bierwirth, E (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Campus Box 392 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM eike.bierwirth@gmx.de RI Stark, Harald/E-7433-2010; SCHMIDT, KONRAD SEBASTIAN/C-1258-2013; Ehrlich, Andre/H-9670-2013; Wendisch, Manfred/E-4175-2013; Mueller, Thomas/E-5426-2015 OI SCHMIDT, KONRAD SEBASTIAN/0000-0003-3899-228X; Wendisch, Manfred/0000-0002-4652-5561; FU German Research Foundation (Research Group SAMUM); NASA (ARCTAS); NOAA (ARCPAC) FX The authors are grateful to all field campaign participants who made the experiments possible, especially the aircraft operators, pilots, and coordinators. The field campaigns were supported by the German Research Foundation (Research Group SAMUM), NASA (ARCTAS), and NOAA (ARCPAC). Analyses used in this paper were produced with TOMS data from the Giovanni online data system, developed and maintained by the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC). NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 30 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D14211 DI 10.1029/2009JD013636 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 634MV UT WOS:000280587200007 ER PT J AU Cai, WJ Chen, LQ Chen, BS Gao, ZY Lee, SH Chen, JF Pierrot, D Sullivan, K Wang, YC Hu, XP Huang, WJ Zhang, YH Xu, SQ Murata, A Grebmeier, JM Jones, EP Zhang, HS AF Cai, Wei-Jun Chen, Liqi Chen, Baoshan Gao, Zhongyong Lee, Sang H. Chen, Jianfang Pierrot, Denis Sullivan, Kevin Wang, Yongchen Hu, Xinping Huang, Wei-Jen Zhang, Yuanhui Xu, Suqing Murata, Akihiko Grebmeier, Jacqueline M. Jones, E. Peter Zhang, Haisheng TI Decrease in the CO2 Uptake Capacity in an Ice-Free Arctic Ocean Basin SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL VARIABILITY; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ACIDIFICATION; SHELF; PHYTOPLANKTON; SEAS AB It has been predicted that the Arctic Ocean will sequester much greater amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere as a result of sea ice melt and increasing primary productivity. However, this prediction was made on the basis of observations from either highly productive ocean margins or ice-covered basins before the recent major ice retreat. We report here a high-resolution survey of sea-surface CO2 concentration across the Canada Basin, showing a great increase relative to earlier observations. Rapid CO2 invasion from the atmosphere and low biological CO2 drawdown are the main causes for the higher CO2, which also acts as a barrier to further CO2 invasion. Contrary to the current view, we predict that the Arctic Ocean basin will not become a large atmospheric CO2 sink under ice-free conditions. C1 [Cai, Wei-Jun; Chen, Baoshan; Wang, Yongchen; Hu, Xinping; Huang, Wei-Jen] Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Chen, Liqi; Gao, Zhongyong; Zhang, Yuanhui; Xu, Suqing] SOA, Inst Oceanog 3, Key Lab Global Change & Marine Atmospher Chem, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. [Lee, Sang H.] Korea Polar Res Inst, Inchon 406840, South Korea. [Chen, Jianfang; Zhang, Haisheng] SOA, Inst Oceanog 2, Lab Marine Ecosyst & Biogeochem, Hangzhou 310012, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Pierrot, Denis; Sullivan, Kevin] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Pierrot, Denis; Sullivan, Kevin] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Murata, Akihiko] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Res Inst Global Change, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Grebmeier, Jacqueline M.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Jones, E. Peter] Bedford Inst Oceanog, Ocean Sci Div, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. RP Cai, WJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM wcai@uga.edu RI Hu, Xinping/F-6282-2011; Cai, Wei-Jun/C-1361-2013; Grebmeier, Jacqueline/L-9805-2013; Pierrot, Denis/A-7459-2014 OI Hu, Xinping/0000-0002-0613-6545; Cai, Wei-Jun/0000-0003-3606-8325; Grebmeier, Jacqueline/0000-0001-7624-3568; Pierrot, Denis/0000-0002-0374-3825 FU Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2009DFA22920]; Natural Science Foundation of China [40531007]; U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA05OAR4311161, NA09OAR4310078]; NSF [ARC-0909330]; Korean Arctic Research project [PM09020]; Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration; Polar Research Institute of China FX We thank R. Wanninkhof, P. Yager, and N. Bates for discussions; J. Zhao for the salinity and temperature data; and H. Li and S. Gao for sample collection. Funding for the CHINARE CO2 survey and subsequent synthesis was provided by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2009DFA22920), the Natural Science Foundation of China (40531007), and the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NA05OAR4311161 and NA09OAR4310078) and NSF (ARC-0909330). The measurements for primary production of phytoplankton were funded by a Korean Arctic Research project (PM09020). We also thank the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration and the Polar Research Institute of China for their support. We are grateful to the captain and crew of icebreaker Xuelong. NR 25 TC 91 Z9 109 U1 5 U2 71 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 30 PY 2010 VL 329 IS 5991 BP 556 EP 559 DI 10.1126/science.1189338 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 633EX UT WOS:000280483500034 PM 20651119 ER PT J AU Yong, B Ren, LL Hong, Y Wang, JH Gourley, JJ Jiang, SH Chen, X Wang, W AF Yong, Bin Ren, Li-Liang Hong, Yang Wang, Jia-Hu Gourley, Jonathan J. Jiang, Shan-Hu Chen, Xi Wang, Wen TI Hydrologic evaluation of Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis standard precipitation products in basins beyond its inclined latitude band: A case study in Laohahe basin, China SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SMALL-SCALE RAINFALL; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; UNITED-STATES; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; PASSIVE MICROWAVE; ANALYSIS TMPA; PART II; TRMM; SURFACE; MODEL AB Two standard Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) products, 3B42RT and 3B42V6, were quantitatively evaluated in the Laohahe basin, China, located within the TMPA product latitude band (50 degrees NS) but beyond the inclined TRMM satellite latitude band (36 degrees NS). In general, direct comparison of TMPA rainfall estimates to collocated rain gauges from 2000 to 2005 show that the spatial and temporal rainfall characteristics over the region are well captured by the 3B42V6 estimates. Except for a few months with underestimation, the 3B42RT estimates show unrealistic overestimation nearly year round, which needs to be resolved in future upgrades to the real-time estimation algorithm. Both model-parameter error analysis and hydrologic application suggest that the three-layer Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC-3L) model cannot tolerate the nonphysical overestimation behavior of 3B42RT through the hydrologic integration processes, and as such the 3B42RT data have almost no hydrologic utility, even at the monthly scale. In contrast, the 3B42V6 data can produce much better hydrologic predictions with reduced error propagation from input to streamflow at both the daily and monthly scales. This study also found the error structures of both RT and V6 have a significant geo-topography-dependent distribution pattern, closely associated with latitude and elevation bands, suggesting current limitations with TRMM-era algorithms at high latitudes and high elevations in general. Looking into the future Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) era, the Geostationary Infrared (GEO-IR) estimates still have a long-term role in filling the inevitable gaps in microwave coverage, as well as in enabling sub-hourly estimates at typical 4-km grid scales. Thus, this study affirms the call for a real-time systematic bias removal in future upgrades to the IR-based RT algorithm using a simple scaling factor. This correction is based on MW-based monthly rainfall climatologies applied to the combined monthly satellite-gauge research products. C1 [Yong, Bin; Ren, Li-Liang; Jiang, Shan-Hu; Chen, Xi; Wang, Wen] Hohai Univ, State Key Lab Hydrol Water Resources & Hydraul En, Nanjing 210098, Peoples R China. [Yong, Bin; Hong, Yang; Wang, Jia-Hu] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Hong, Yang] Natl Weather Ctr, Ctr Nat Hazard & Disaster Res, Norman, OK USA. [Gourley, Jonathan J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Yong, B (reprint author), Hohai Univ, State Key Lab Hydrol Water Resources & Hydraul En, Nanjing 210098, Peoples R China. EM yanghong@ou.edu RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Yong, Bin/C-2257-2014; Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016; Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Yong, Bin/0000-0003-1466-2091; Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755; FU National Key Basic Research Program of China [2006CB400502]; National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China [40901017]; 111 Project [B08048]; Chinese Ministry of Education [308012]; Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University [IRT0717]; State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering [2009586512]; NASA Headquarter [NNX08AM57G] FX The fund for this research and gauged rainfall and streamflow observations used in this paper were supplied by the National Key Basic Research Program of China (grant 2006CB400502) and the National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China (grant 40901017). This work was financially supported by the 111 Project (grant B08048), the Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education (grant 308012), the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (grant IRT0717), and the Independent Innovation Project of State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering (grant 2009586512). The authors also acknowledge the funding support granted by NASA Headquarter (grant NNX08AM57G) and the computational facility provided by Center for Natural Hazard and Disaster Research, National Weather Center at University of Oklahoma Research Campus. Additionally, the authors would like to thank three anonymous reviewers for their comments on an earlier version of this paper. Last but not least, we wish to extend our appreciation to Fengge Su and Li Li for their helpful suggestions for this work. NR 54 TC 78 Z9 88 U1 7 U2 36 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL 30 PY 2010 VL 46 AR W07542 DI 10.1029/2009WR008965 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 634OA UT WOS:000280591200006 ER PT J AU van Dam, T Altamimi, Z Collilieux, X Ray, J AF van Dam, T. Altamimi, Z. Collilieux, X. Ray, J. TI Topographically induced height errors in predicted atmospheric loading effects SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SURFACE PRESSURE; DEFORMATION; MASS; GRAVITY; EARTH; GPS AB Atmospheric pressure variations are known to induce vertical displacements of the Earth's surface with magnitudes large enough to be detected by geodetic observations. Estimates of these loading effects are derived using global reanalysis fields of surface pressure as input. The input surface pressure has a minimum spatial sampling, which does not capture true surface pressure variations due to high topographic variability in some regions. In this paper, we investigate the effect that unmodeled topographic variability has on surface pressure estimates and subsequent estimates of vertical surface displacements. We find that the estimated height changes from the topographic surface pressure can be significant (2-4 mm) for sites in regions of high topographic variability. When we compare the estimated height changes to Global Positioning System residuals from the 2005 International Terrestrial Reference Frame Realization, we find that the heights derived from the topographic surface pressure, versus those from the normal surface pressure, perform better at reducing the scatter on the height coordinate time series. C1 [van Dam, T.] Univ Luxembourg, Fac Sci Technol & Commun, L-1359 Luxembourg, Luxembourg. [Altamimi, Z.; Collilieux, X.] Inst Geog Natl, Lab Rech Geodesie, F-77455 Marne La Vallee, France. [Ray, J.] NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP van Dam, T (reprint author), Univ Luxembourg, Fac Sci Technol & Commun, 6 Rue Richard Coudenhove Kalergi, L-1359 Luxembourg, Luxembourg. EM tonie.vandam@uni.lu RI Altamimi, Zuheir/A-4168-2009 NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUL 29 PY 2010 VL 115 AR B07415 DI 10.1029/2009JB006810 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 634NL UT WOS:000280589600002 ER PT J AU Li, SM Satija, II Clark, CW Rey, AM AF Li, Shuming Satija, Indubala I. Clark, Charles W. Rey, Ana Maria TI Exploring complex phenomena using ultracold atoms in bichromatic lattices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID TONKS-GIRARDEAU GAS; OPTICAL LATTICE; SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; MOTT INSULATOR; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; LOCALIZATION; TRANSITION; SYSTEMS; FERMIONS; PHYSICS AB With an underlying common theme of competing length scales, we study the many-body Schrodinger equation in a quasiperiodic potential and discuss its connection with the Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser (KAM) problem of classical mechanics. We propose a possible visualization of such connection in experimentally accessible many-body observables. Those observables are useful probes for the three characteristic phases of the problem: the metallic, Anderson and band insulator phases. In addition, they exhibit fingerprints of non-linear phenomena such as bifurcations and devil's staircases. Our numerical treatment is complemented with a perturbative analysis which provides insight on the underlying physics. The perturbation theory approach is particularly useful in illuminating the distinction between the Anderson insulator and the band insulator phases in terms of paired sets of dimerized states. C1 [Li, Shuming; Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Satija, Indubala I.] George Mason Univ, Dept Phys, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Satija, Indubala I.; Clark, Charles W.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Satija, Indubala I.; Clark, Charles W.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Li, SM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Dept Phys, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009 OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885 FU NSF-PFC; Office of Naval Research [N00014-09-1-1025A]; National Institute of Standards and Technology [70NANB7H6138, Am 001]; NIST FX A.M.R. and S.L. acknowledge support from the NSF-PFC grant and NIST. Research of I.I.S. is supported by the Grant No. N00014-09-1-1025A by the Office of Naval Research, and the Grant No. 70NANB7H6138, Am 001 by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUL 29 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 1 AR 016217 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.82.016217 PN 2 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 633AR UT WOS:000280472400003 PM 20866717 ER PT J AU Mansfield, ML Douglas, JF AF Mansfield, Marc L. Douglas, Jack F. TI Properties of knotted ring polymers. II. Transport properties SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO CALCULATION; DNA KNOTS; HYDRODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; INTRINSIC-VISCOSITY; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; CYCLIC POLYMERS; MOBILITY; MACROMOLECULES; RECOMBINATION; POLYGONS AB We have calculated the hydrodynamic radius R(h) and intrinsic viscosity [eta] of both lattice self-avoiding rings and lattice theta-state rings that are confined to specific knot states by our path-integration technique. We observe that naive scaling arguments based on the equilibrium polymer size fail for both the hydrodynamic radius and the intrinsic viscosity, at least over accessible chain lengths. (However, we do conjecture that scaling laws will nevertheless prevail at sufficiently large N.) This failure is attributed to a "double" cross-over. One cross-over effect is the transition from delocalized to localized knotting: in short chains, the knot is distributed throughout the chain, while in long chains it becomes localized in only a portion of the chain. This transition occurs slowly with increasing N. The other cross-over, superimposed upon the first, is the so-called "draining" effect, in which transport properties maintain dependence on local structure out to very large N. The hydrodynamic mobility of knotted rings of the same length and backbone structure is correlated with the average crossing number X of the knots. The same correlation between mobility and knot complexity X has been observed for the gel-electrophoretic mobility of cyclic DNA molecules. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3457161] C1 [Mansfield, Marc L.] Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem Chem Biol & Biomed Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mansfield, ML (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem Chem Biol & Biomed Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. EM marc.mansfield@stevens.edu; jack.douglas@nist.gov NR 57 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 28 PY 2010 VL 133 IS 4 AR 044904 DI 10.1063/1.3457161 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 637YM UT WOS:000280854600059 PM 20687683 ER PT J AU Mansfield, ML Douglas, JF AF Mansfield, Marc L. Douglas, Jack F. TI Properties of knotted ring polymers. I. Equilibrium dimensions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SELF-AVOIDING POLYGONS; ENTANGLEMENT COMPLEXITY; LATTICE POLYGONS; MONTE-CARLO; SCALING BEHAVIOR; CUBIC LATTICE; TIGHT KNOTS; MODEL; TOPOLOGY; PHYSICS AB We report calculations on three classes of knotted ring polymers: (1) simple-cubic lattice self-avoiding rings (SARs), (2) "true" theta-state rings, i.e., SARs generated on the simple-cubic lattice with an attractive nearest-neighbor contact potential (theta-SARs), and (3) ideal, Gaussian rings. Extrapolations to large polymerization index N imply knot localization in all three classes of chains. Extrapolations of our data are also consistent with conjectures found in the literature which state that (1) R(g) -> AN(nu) asymptotically for ensembles of random knots restricted to any particular knot state, including the unknot; (2) A is universal across knot types for any given class of flexible chains; and (3) v is equal to the standard self-avoiding walk (SAW) exponent (congruent to 0.588) for all three classes of chains (SARs, theta-SARs, and ideal rings). However, current computer technology is inadequate to directly sample the asymptotic domain, so that we remain in a crossover scaling regime for all accessible values of N. We also observe that R(g)similar to p(-0.27), where p is the "rope length" of the maximally inflated knot. This scaling relation holds in the crossover regime, but we argue that it is unlikely to extend into the asymptotic scaling regime where knots become localized. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3457160] C1 [Mansfield, Marc L.] Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem Chem Biol & Biomed Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mansfield, ML (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem Chem Biol & Biomed Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. EM marc.mansfield@stevens.edu; jack.douglas@nist.gov NR 75 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 28 PY 2010 VL 133 IS 4 AR 044903 DI 10.1063/1.3457160 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 637YM UT WOS:000280854600058 PM 20687682 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, EE Zavalij, P Hsieh, PY Green, MA AF Rodriguez, Efrain E. Zavalij, Peter Hsieh, Ping-Yen Green, Mark A. TI Iodine as an Oxidant in the Topotactic Deintercalation of Interstitial Iron in Fe1+xTe SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB The layered telluride, Fe1+xTe, is a parent compound of the isostructural and superconducting phases, Fe1+x(Te, Se, S). Here we show that, through a simple reaction of 12 vapor with both powder and single crystal samples, the interstitial iron can be removed from the FeTe framework topotactically. Neutron powder diffraction and X-ray single crystal diffraction confirm that the iron being extracted is the partially occupied site that lies between the 2-D blocks of edge-sharing FeTe4 tetrahedra. The deintercalation process has consequences for both magnetic and crystallographic phase transitions in the compound at low temperatures. This technique could be of use for the tuning of stoichiometry of the superconducting phases and therefore enable more careful studies on how chemical composition affects magnetic and superconducting properties. C1 [Rodriguez, Efrain E.; Hsieh, Ping-Yen; Green, Mark A.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zavalij, Peter] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hsieh, Ping-Yen; Green, Mark A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Rodriguez, EE (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM efrainr@nist.gov; mark.green@nist.gov RI Zavalij, Peter/H-3817-2012 OI Zavalij, Peter/0000-0001-5762-3469 NR 11 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 28 PY 2010 VL 132 IS 29 BP 10006 EP 10008 DI 10.1021/ja104004t PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 629VH UT WOS:000280227700029 PM 20608638 ER PT J AU Roh, JH Guo, LA Kilburn, JD Briber, RM Irving, T Woodson, SA AF Roh, Joon Ho Guo, Liang Kilburn, J. Duncan Briber, Robert M. Irving, Thomas Woodson, Sarah A. TI Multistage Collapse of a Bacterial Ribozyme Observed by Time-Resolved Small-Angle X-ray Scattering SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GROUP-I RIBOZYME; TETRAHYMENA RIBOZYME; FOLDING KINETICS; CORE HELICES; RNA; PROTEIN; COMPACTION; PATHWAYS; LANDSCAPE; MECHANISM AB Ribozymes must fold into compact, native structures to function properly in the cell. The first step in forming the RNA tertiary structure is the neutralization of the phosphate charge by cations, followed by collapse of the unfolded molecules into more compact structures. The specificity of the collapse transition determines the structures of the folding intermediates and the folding time to the native state. However, the forces that enable specific collapse in RNA are not understood. Using time-resolved SAXS, we report that upon addition of 5 mM Mg(2+) to the Azoarcus group I ribozyme up to 80% of chains form compact structures in less than 1 ms. In 1 mM Mg(2+), the collapse transition produces extended structures that slowly approach the folded state, while >= 1.5 mM Mg(2+) leads to an ensemble of random coils that fold with multistage kinetics. Increased flexibility of molecules in the intermediate ensemble correlates with a Mg(2+)-dependent increase in the fast folding population and a previously unobserved crossover in the collapse kinetics. Partial denaturation of the unfolded RNA with urea also increases the fraction of chains following the fast-folding pathway. These results demonstrate that the preferred collapse mechanism depends on the extent of Mg(2+)-dependent charge neutralization and that non-native interactions within the unfolded ensemble contribute to the heterogeneity of the ribozyme folding pathways at the very earliest stages of tertiary structure formation. C1 [Roh, Joon Ho; Briber, Robert M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Roh, Joon Ho; Kilburn, J. Duncan; Woodson, Sarah A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, TC Jenkins Dept Biophys, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Roh, Joon Ho] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Scattering Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Guo, Liang; Irving, Thomas] IIT, Dept BCPS, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Guo, Liang; Irving, Thomas] IIT, CSRRI, BioCAT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Roh, JH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM rohmio1973@gmail.com; rbriber@umd.edu; swoodson@jhu.edu RI Briber, Robert/A-3588-2012; ID, BioCAT/D-2459-2012; OI Briber, Robert/0000-0002-8358-5942; Woodson, Sarah/0000-0003-0170-1987 FU NIST; NIH [GM60819, RR-08630]; U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science [W-31-109-ENG-38] FX The authors thank D. Thirumalai for stimulating discussion, R. Behrouzi for preparation of RNA samples, and M. Mayerle for preparation of T7 RNA polymerase. This work was supported by NIST and the NIH (GM60819 to S.W.). Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, under contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38. BioCAT is a National Institutes of Health-supported Research Center RR-08630. NR 42 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 28 PY 2010 VL 132 IS 29 BP 10148 EP 10154 DI 10.1021/ja103867p PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 629VH UT WOS:000280227700051 PM 20597502 ER PT J AU Pepino, RA Cooper, J Meiser, D Anderson, DZ Holland, MJ AF Pepino, R. A. Cooper, J. Meiser, D. Anderson, D. Z. Holland, M. J. TI Open quantum systems approach to atomtronics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; OPTICAL LATTICE; ATOMS; GAS AB We derive a quantum master equation to treat quantum systems interacting with multiple reservoirs. The formalism is used to investigate the atomic transport of bosons across a variety of lattice configurations. We demonstrate how the behavior of an electronic diode, a field-effect transistor, and a bipolar junction transistor can be realized with neutral, ultracold atoms trapped in optical lattices. An analysis of the current fluctuations is provided for the case of the atomtronic diode. Finally, we show that it is possible to demonstrate AND logic gate behavior in an optical lattice. C1 [Pepino, R. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Pepino, RA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU AFOSR; NSF FX We would like to thank Rajiv Bhat, Brandon Peden, Brian Seamen, and Jochen Wachter for their helpful discussions. This work was supported by AFOSR and NSF. NR 20 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL 28 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 1 AR 013640 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.82.013640 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 632TG UT WOS:000280450600006 ER PT J AU Zawada, DG Piniak, GA Hearn, CJ AF Zawada, David G. Piniak, Gregory A. Hearn, Clifford J. TI Topographic complexity and roughness of a tropical benthic seascape SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CORAL-REEF; FRACTAL DIMENSION; ECOLOGICAL SCALES; HYDRODYNAMICS; FISHES AB Topographic complexity is a fundamental structural property of benthic marine ecosystems that exists across all scales and affects a multitude of processes. Coral reefs are a prime example, for which this complexity has been found to impact water flow, species diversity, nutrient uptake, and wave-energy dissipation, among other properties. Despite its importance, only limited assessments are available regarding the distribution or range of topographic complexity within or between benthic communities. Here, we show substantial variability in topographic complexity over the entire inner-shelf seascape of a tropical island. Roughness, estimated in terms of fractal dimension, served as a proxy for topographic complexity, and was computed for linear transects (D-T), as well as the benthic surface (D-S). Spatial variability in both D-T and D-S was correlated with the known distribution of benthic cover types in the seascape. Transect roughness values ranged from 1.0 to 1.7, with features along the shelf edge being markedly anisotropic with an along-shore bias, whereas regions with high scleractinian coral cover were nearly isotropic and exhibited minimal directional bias. Surface-roughness values ranged from 2.0 in predominantly hardbottom areas with low coral cover to 2.5 in areas with high coral cover. Quantifying roughness across the substrates and biological communities for an entire seascape provides a synoptic view of its spatial variability at scales appropriate for numerous research efforts, including ecosystem studies, parameterizing hydrodynamic models, and designing monitoring programs. Citation: Zawada, D. G., G. A. Piniak, and C. J. Hearn (2010), Topographic complexity and roughness of a tropical benthic seascape, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L14604, doi:10.1029/2010GL043789. C1 [Zawada, David G.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Piniak, Gregory A.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Zawada, David G.] Working Sci Consultancies LLC, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Zawada, DG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM dzawada@usgs.gov RI Zawada, David/C-5209-2008 NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 27 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L14604 DI 10.1029/2010GL043789 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 634LZ UT WOS:000280584700002 ER PT J AU Kurka, M Feist, J Horner, DA Rudenko, A Jiang, YH Kuhnel, KU Foucar, L Rescigno, TN McCurdy, CW Pazourek, R Nagele, S Schulz, M Herrwerth, O Lezius, M Kling, MF Schoffler, M Belkacem, A Dusterer, S Treusch, R Schneider, BI Collins, LA Burgdorfer, J Schroter, CD Moshammer, R Ullrich, J AF Kurka, M. Feist, J. Horner, D. A. Rudenko, A. Jiang, Y. H. Kuehnel, K. U. Foucar, L. Rescigno, T. N. McCurdy, C. W. Pazourek, R. Nagele, S. Schulz, M. Herrwerth, O. Lezius, M. Kling, M. F. Schoeffler, M. Belkacem, A. Duesterer, S. Treusch, R. Schneider, B. I. Collins, L. A. Burgdoerfer, J. Schroeter, C. D. Moshammer, R. Ullrich, J. TI Differential cross sections for non-sequential double ionization of He by 52 eV photons from the Free Electron Laser in Hamburg, FLASH SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 2-PHOTON DOUBLE-IONIZATION; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; COHERENT RADIATION; HELIUM AB Two-photon double ionization of He is studied at the Free Electron Laser in Hamburg (FLASH) by inspecting He(2+) momentum ((P) over right arrow (He(2+))) distributions at 52 eV photon energy. We demonstrate that recoil ion momentum distributions can be used to infer information about highly correlated electron dynamics and find the first experimental evidence for 'virtual sequential ionization'. The experimental data are compared with the results of two calculations, both solving the time-dependent Schrodinger equation. We find good overall agreement between experiment and theory, with significant differences for cuts along the polarization direction that cannot be explained by the experimental resolution alone. C1 [Kurka, M.; Rudenko, A.; Jiang, Y. H.; Kuehnel, K. U.; Foucar, L.; Schroeter, C. D.; Moshammer, R.; Ullrich, J.] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Kurka, M.; Rudenko, A.; Foucar, L.; Ullrich, J.] CFEL, Max Planck Adv Study Grp, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. [Feist, J.; Pazourek, R.; Nagele, S.; Burgdoerfer, J.] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Theoret Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. [Feist, J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Horner, D. A.; Collins, L. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Rescigno, T. N.; McCurdy, C. W.; Schoeffler, M.; Belkacem, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Chem Sci & Ultrafast Xray Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [McCurdy, C. W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [McCurdy, C. W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Schulz, M.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Schulz, M.] LAMOR, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Herrwerth, O.; Lezius, M.; Kling, M. F.] Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Duesterer, S.; Treusch, R.] DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. [Schneider, B. I.] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Phys, Off Cyberinfrastruct, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Schneider, B. I.] NIST, Div Electron & Opt Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kurka, M (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. EM moritz.kurka@mpi-hd.mpg.de RI Nagele, Stefan/E-6938-2011; Rudenko, Artem/C-7412-2009; Feist, Johannes/J-7394-2012; Kling, Matthias/D-3742-2014; Schoeffler, Markus/B-6261-2008; Treusch, Rolf/C-3935-2015; OI Nagele, Stefan/0000-0003-1213-0294; Rudenko, Artem/0000-0002-9154-8463; Feist, Johannes/0000-0002-7972-0646; Schoeffler, Markus/0000-0001-9214-6848; Treusch, Rolf/0000-0001-8479-8862 FU Max-Planck Advanced Study Group at CFEL; DFG [JI 110/2-1]; US DOE; OBES, Division of Chemical Sciences [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NSF [PHY-0604628]; FWF-Austria [SFB016] FX The authors are greatly indebted to the scientific and technical team at FLASH, in particular, the machine operators and run coordinators, striving for optimal beamtime conditions. Support from the Max-Planck Advanced Study Group at CFEL is gratefully acknowledged. YHJ acknowledges support from DFG project no. JI 110/2-1. Work at LBNL was performed under the auspices of the US DOE and supported by the OBES, Division of Chemical Sciences under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. CWM acknowledges support from the NSF (grant no. PHY-0604628). The V team acknowledges support from the NSF TeraGrid computational facilities at the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) and at the National Institute for Computational Science (NICS), and institutional computing resources at Los Alamos National Laboratory for computer time to perform the computations. Work at Vienna University of Technology was supported by the FWF-Austria (grant no. SFB016). JF acknowledges support from the NSF through a grant to ITAMP. OH, ML and MFK acknowledge support from the DFG via the Emmy-Noether programme and the Cluster of Excellence: Munich Centre for Advanced Photonics. NR 48 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 17 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD JUL 27 PY 2010 VL 12 AR 073035 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/12/7/073035 PG 17 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 642RG UT WOS:000281233600002 ER PT J AU Strauch, FW Jacobs, K Simmonds, RW AF Strauch, Frederick W. Jacobs, Kurt Simmonds, Raymond W. TI Arbitrary Control of Entanglement between two Superconducting Resonators SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM STATES; TRAPPED ION; CIRCUIT; CAVITY; QUBITS AB We present a method to synthesize an arbitrary quantum state of two superconducting resonators. This state-synthesis algorithm utilizes a coherent interaction of each resonator with a tunable artificial atom to create entangled quantum superpositions of photon number (Fock) states in the resonators. We theoretically analyze this approach, showing that it can efficiently synthesize NOON states, with large photon numbers, using existing technology. C1 [Strauch, Frederick W.] Williams Coll, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA. [Jacobs, Kurt] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Simmonds, Raymond W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Strauch, FW (reprint author), Williams Coll, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA. EM Frederick.W.Strauch@williams.edu RI Jacobs, Kurt/E-7049-2011 OI Jacobs, Kurt/0000-0003-0828-6421 FU Research Corporation for Science Advancement; NSF [PHY-0902906] FX We gratefully acknowledge discussions with J. Aumentado and F. Altomare. F.W.S. was supported by the Research Corporation for Science Advancement and K. J. by the NSF under Project No. PHY-0902906. NR 28 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 27 PY 2010 VL 105 IS 5 AR 050501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.050501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 631TE UT WOS:000280370100002 PM 20867901 ER PT J AU Lee, T McPhaden, MJ AF Lee, Tong McPhaden, Michael J. TI Increasing intensity of El Nino in the central-equatorial Pacific SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WARM POOL; CLIMATE; EVENTS; OCEAN AB Satellite observations suggest that the intensity of El Nino events in the central equatorial Pacific (CP) has almost doubled in the past three decades, with the strongest warming occurring in 2009-10. This is related to the increasing intensity as well as occurrence frequency of the so-called CP El Nino events since the 1990s. While sea surface temperature (SST) in the CP region during El Nino years has been increasing, those during neutral and La Nina years have not. Therefore, the well-documented warming trend of the warm pool in the CP region is primarily a result of more intense El Nino events rather than a general rise of background SST. Citation: Lee, T., and M. J. McPhaden (2010), Increasing intensity of El Nino in the central-equatorial Pacific, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L14603, doi:10.1029/2010GL044007. C1 [Lee, Tong] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Lee, T (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM tong.lee@jpl.nasa.gov RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology with NASA; NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory FX The research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA; and at NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory. Copyright 2010 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged. We thank Daria Halkides for assistance in processing the satellite SST data. This is PMEL publication 3555. NR 18 TC 249 Z9 259 U1 4 U2 56 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 24 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L14603 DI 10.1029/2010GL044007 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 631DI UT WOS:000280326400005 ER PT J AU Grunwald, ATD Wildes, AR Schmidt, W Tartakovskaya, EV Kwo, J Majkrzak, C Ward, RCC Schreyer, A AF Gruenwald, A. T. D. Wildes, A. R. Schmidt, W. Tartakovskaya, E. V. Kwo, J. Majkrzak, C. Ward, R. C. C. Schreyer, A. TI Magnetic excitations in Dy/Y superlattices as seen via inelastic neutron scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID WAVE DISPERSION RELATION; RARE-EARTH METALS; Y SUPERLATTICES; THIN-FILMS; MULTILAYERS; MODES; GD AB Measurements of the spin excitations propagating normal to the interfaces in Dy/Y superlattices using neutron inelastic scattering are presented. For a given magnon momentum, a neutron-scattering spectrum shows multiple peaks at different energies, which indicates discrete energy spectra. The results are compared with theoretical calculations developed here to describe magnetic excitations in rare-earth superlattices. The theory accounts for Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) and Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interactions in incommensurate helicoidal structures and achieves a quantitative agreement with the experimental data. This work demonstrates that neutron inelastic scattering can be used for systematic studies of the exchange interactions and spin dynamics in nanomagnetic systems over wide areas of the Brillouin zone. C1 [Gruenwald, A. T. D.; Tartakovskaya, E. V.; Schreyer, A.] GKSS Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany. [Wildes, A. R.] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Schmidt, W.] Forschungszentrum Julich, IFF JCNS ILL, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Tartakovskaya, E. V.] Natl Ukrainian Acad Sci, Inst Magnetism, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. [Kwo, J.] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. [Majkrzak, C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ward, R. C. C.] Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. RP Grunwald, ATD (reprint author), GKSS Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany. EM wildes@ill.fr NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 23 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 1 AR 014426 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.014426 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 629VU UT WOS:000280229100003 ER PT J AU Tilmes, S Pan, LL Hoor, P Atlas, E Avery, MA Campos, T Christensen, LE Diskin, GS Gao, RS Herman, RL Hintsa, EJ Loewenstein, M Lopez, J Paige, ME Pittman, JV Podolske, JR Proffitt, MR Sachse, GW Schiller, C Schlager, H Smith, J Spelten, N Webster, C Weinheimer, A Zondlo, MA AF Tilmes, S. Pan, L. L. Hoor, P. Atlas, E. Avery, M. A. Campos, T. Christensen, L. E. Diskin, G. S. Gao, R-S. Herman, R. L. Hintsa, E. J. Loewenstein, M. Lopez, J. Paige, M. E. Pittman, J. V. Podolske, J. R. Proffitt, M. R. Sachse, G. W. Schiller, C. Schlager, H. Smith, J. Spelten, N. Webster, C. Weinheimer, A. Zondlo, M. A. TI An aircraft-based upper troposphere lower stratosphere O-3, CO, and H2O climatology for the Northern Hemisphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID WATER-VAPOR MEASUREMENTS; DIODE-LASER HYGROMETER; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; FAST-RESPONSE; OZONE CLIMATOLOGY; POLAR VORTEX; UT/LS OZONE; OPEN-PATH; TRANSPORT; CHEMISTRY AB We present a climatology of O-3, CO, and H2O for the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS), based on a large collection of high-resolution research aircraft data taken between 1995 and 2008. To group aircraft observations with sparse horizontal coverage, the UTLS is divided into three regimes: the tropics, subtropics, and the polar region. These regimes are defined using a set of simple criteria based on tropopause height and multiple tropopause conditions. Tropopause-referenced tracer profiles and tracer-tracer correlations show distinct characteristics for each regime, which reflect the underlying transport processes. The UTLS climatology derived here shows many features of earlier climatologies. In addition, mixed air masses in the subtropics, identified by O-3-CO correlations, show two characteristic modes in the tracer-tracer space that are a result of mixed air masses in layers above and below the tropopause (TP). A thin layer of mixed air (1-2 km around the tropopause) is identified for all regions and seasons, where tracer gradients across the TP are largest. The most pronounced influence of mixing between the tropical transition layer and the subtropics was found in spring and summer in the region above 380 K potential temperature. The vertical extent of mixed air masses between UT and LS reaches up to 5 km above the TP. The tracer correlations and distributions in the UTLS derived here can serve as a reference for model and satellite data evaluation. C1 [Tilmes, S.; Pan, L. L.; Campos, T.; Pittman, J. V.; Weinheimer, A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Atlas, E.] Univ Miami, Dept Marine & Atmospher Chem, RSMAS, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Avery, M. A.; Diskin, G. S.; Loewenstein, M.; Lopez, J.; Podolske, J. R.; Sachse, G. W.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Christensen, L. E.; Herman, R. L.; Webster, C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Gao, R-S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hintsa, E. J.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Hoor, P.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Atmospher Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. [Paige, M. E.] SW Sci Inc, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA. [Proffitt, M. R.] Proffitt Instruments, Austin, TX 78746 USA. [Schiller, C.; Spelten, N.] Res Ctr Julich, ICG 1, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Schlager, H.] Inst Phys Atmosphere, D-82234 Wessling, Germany. [Hintsa, E. J.; Smith, J.] Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Zondlo, M. A.] Princeton Univ, Ctr Midinfrared Technol Hlth & Environm, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Tilmes, S (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM tilmes@ucar.edu RI hoor, peter/G-5421-2010; Herman, Robert/H-9389-2012; Schiller, Cornelius/B-1004-2013; Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Pan, Laura/A-9296-2008; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; Zondlo, Mark/R-6173-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI hoor, peter/0000-0001-6582-6864; Herman, Robert/0000-0001-7063-6424; Pan, Laura/0000-0001-7377-2114; Zondlo, Mark/0000-0003-2302-9554; FU National Science Foundation; NASA FX This work is supported in part by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in support by the National Science Foundation and by the NASA Upper Atmosphere Program. Research at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory was performed under contract with NASA. Thanks are also due to NCEP Environmental Modeling Center (EMC) for providing meteorological analysis. The authors thank Louisa Emmons and Rolando Garcia for helpful comments and suggestions. NR 69 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 22 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D14303 DI 10.1029/2009JD012731 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 631EG UT WOS:000280328800001 ER PT J AU Yudin, VI Taichenachev, AV Oates, CW Barber, ZW Lemke, ND Ludlow, AD Sterr, U Lisdat, C Riehle, F AF Yudin, V. I. Taichenachev, A. V. Oates, C. W. Barber, Z. W. Lemke, N. D. Ludlow, A. D. Sterr, U. Lisdat, Ch. Riehle, F. TI Hyper-Ramsey spectroscopy of optical clock transitions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY STANDARD; LATTICE CLOCKS AB We present nonstandard optical Ramsey schemes that use pulses individually tailored in duration, phase, and frequency to cancel spurious frequency shifts related to the excitation itself. In particular, the field shifts and their uncertainties can be radically suppressed (by two to four orders of magnitude) in comparison with the usual Ramsey method (using two equal pulses) as well as with single-pulse Rabi spectroscopy. Atom interferometers and optical clocks based on two-photon transitions, heavily forbidden transitions, ormagnetically induced spectroscopy could significantly benefit from this method. In the latter case, these frequency shifts can be suppressed considerably below a fractional level of 10(-17). Moreover, our approach opens the door for high-precision optical clocks based on direct frequency comb spectroscopy. C1 [Yudin, V. I.; Taichenachev, A. V.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Laser Phys, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. [Yudin, V. I.; Taichenachev, A. V.] Novosibirsk State Univ, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. [Yudin, V. I.; Taichenachev, A. V.] Novosibirsk State Tech Univ, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia. [Oates, C. W.; Barber, Z. W.; Lemke, N. D.; Ludlow, A. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sterr, U.; Lisdat, Ch.; Riehle, F.] PTB, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. RP Yudin, VI (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Laser Phys, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. EM viyudin@mail.ru RI Lemke, Nathan/L-9059-2013; Taichenachev, Aleksei/K-7065-2015 OI Lemke, Nathan/0000-0003-4165-0715; Taichenachev, Aleksei/0000-0003-2273-0066 FU RFBR [08-02-01108, 10-02-00591, 10-08-00844]; Center for Quantum Engineering and Space-Time Research (QUEST); European Community [217257]; RAS FX We thank C. Tamm, E. Peik, T. Mehlstaubler, and T. Heavner for useful discussions. V.I.Y. and A.V.T. were supported by RFBR (08-02-01108, 10-02-00591, 10-08-00844) and programs of RAS. V.I.Y., U.S., C.L., and F.R. gratefully acknowledge support by the Center for Quantum Engineering and Space-Time Research (QUEST), the European Community's ERA-NET-Plus Program under Grant Agreement No. 217257, and the ESA and DLR in the project Space Optical Clocks. NR 21 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL 22 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 1 AR 011804 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.82.011804 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 629NW UT WOS:000280207600002 ER PT J AU Berglund, AJ AF Berglund, Andrew J. TI Statistics of camera-based single-particle tracking SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID VIDEO MICROSCOPY; COMPLEX FLUIDS; MICRORHEOLOGY AB Camera-based single-particle tracking enables quantitative determination of transport properties and provides nanoscale information about material characteristics such as viscosity and elasticity. However, static localization noise and the blurring of a particle's position over camera integration times introduce artifacts into measurement results even for a particle executing simple diffusion. Common data analysis methods based on the mean-square displacement do not properly account for these effects. In this paper, we analyze the statistics of tracking data for freely diffusing particles in realistic experimental scenarios. We derive a convenient and asymptotically optimal maximum likelihood estimator for the diffusion coefficient and for the magnitude of localization noise together with the corresponding Fisher information, which bounds the performance of all unbiased estimators. We find that the effect of varying the illumination profile during the camera integration time is quantified by a motion blur coefficient, R. We also find that a double-pulse illumination sequence maximizes the information content in some common experimental scenarios. Our results provide a rigorous theoretical framework and practical experimental recipe for achieving optimal performance in camera-based single-particle tracking. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Berglund, AJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andrew.berglund@nist.gov NR 27 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUL 22 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 1 AR 011917 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.82.011917 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 629YD UT WOS:000280236200003 PM 20866658 ER PT J AU Plumb, NC Reber, TJ Koralek, JD Sun, Z Douglas, JF Aiura, Y Oka, K Eisaki, H Dessau, DS AF Plumb, N. C. Reber, T. J. Koralek, J. D. Sun, Z. Douglas, J. F. Aiura, Y. Oka, K. Eisaki, H. Dessau, D. S. TI Low-Energy (< 10 meV) Feature in the Nodal Electron Self-Energy and Strong Temperature Dependence of the Fermi Velocity in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Using low photon energy angle-resolved photoemission, we study the low-energy dispersion along the nodal (pi, pi) direction in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta as a function of temperature. Less than 10 meV below the Fermi energy, the high-resolution data reveal a novel "kinklike" feature in the electron self-energy that is distinct from the larger well-known kink roughly 70 meV below E-F. This new kink is strongest below the superconducting critical temperature and weakens substantially at higher temperatures. A corollary of this finding is that the Fermi velocity nu(F), as measured in this low-energy range, varies rapidly with temperature-increasing by almost 30% from 70 to 110 K. The behavior of v(F)(T) appears to shift as a function of doping, suggesting a departure from simple "universality" in the nodal Fermi velocity of cuprates. C1 [Plumb, N. C.; Reber, T. J.; Sun, Z.; Douglas, J. F.; Dessau, D. S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Koralek, J. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Aiura, Y.; Oka, K.; Eisaki, H.] AIST Tsukuba Cent 2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. [Dessau, D. S.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dessau, D. S.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Plumb, NC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM plumbnc@colorado.edu; dessau@colorado.edu RI Plumb, Nicholas/B-8059-2013 OI Plumb, Nicholas/0000-0002-2334-8494 FU DOE [DE-FG02-03ER46066]; NSF EUV ERC; KAKENHI [19340105] FX Funding was provided by DOE Grant No. DE-FG02-03ER46066 with partial support from the NSF EUV ERC and KAKENHI (19340105). We thank A. V. Chubukov, T. P. Devereaux, S. Johnston, and K. Shimada for valuable conversations. Q. Wang, J. Griffith, S. Cundiff, H. Kapteyn, and M. Murnane lent assistance. D. H. Lu and R. G. Moore assisted at SSRL. SSRL is operated by the DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. NR 0 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 22 PY 2010 VL 105 IS 4 AR 046402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.046402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 629YP UT WOS:000280237700013 PM 20867869 ER PT J AU Ashby, N Bertotti, B AF Ashby, Neil Bertotti, Bruno TI Accurate light-time correction due to a gravitating mass SO CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY LA English DT Article ID POST-NEWTONIAN FORMALISM; GENERAL-RELATIVITY; 2ND-ORDER CONTRIBUTIONS; DEFLECTION; SPACECRAFT; LINKS; SUN AB This technical paper of mathematical physics arose as an aftermath of the 2002 Cassini experiment (Bertotti et al 2003 Nature 425 374-6), in which the PPN parameter gamma was measured with an accuracy sigma(gamma) = 2.3 x 10(-5) and found consistent with the prediction. = 1 of general relativity. The Orbit Determination Program (ODP) of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, which was used in the data analysis, is based on an expression (8) for the gravitational delay Delta t that differs from the standard formula (2); this difference is of second order in powers of m-the gravitational radius of the Sun-but in Cassini's case it was much larger than the expected order of magnitude m(2)/b, where b is the distance of the closest approach of the ray. Since the ODP does not take into account any other second-order terms, it is necessary, also in view of future more accurate experiments, to revisit the whole problem, to systematically evaluate higher order corrections and to determine which terms, and why, are larger than the expected value. We note that light propagation in a static spacetime is equivalent to a problem in ordinary geometrical optics; Fermat's action functional at its minimum is just the light-time between the two end points A and B. A new and powerful formulation is thus obtained. This method is closely connected with the much more general approach of Le Poncin-Lafitte et al (2004 Class. Quantum Grav. 21 4463-83), which is based on Synge's world function. Asymptotic power series are necessary to provide a safe and automatic way of selecting which terms to keep at each order. Higher order approximations to the required quantities, in particular the delay and the deflection, are easily obtained. We also show that in a close superior conjunction, when b is much smaller than the distances of A and B from the Sun, say of order R, the second-order correction has an enhanced part of order m(2)R/b(2), which corresponds just to the second-order terms introduced in the ODP. Gravitational deflection of the image of a far away source when observed from a finite distance from the mass is obtained up to O(m(2)). C1 [Ashby, Neil] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bertotti, Bruno] Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Fis Nucl & Teor, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Ashby, Neil] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Ashby, N (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM ashby@boulder.nist.gov NR 31 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0264-9381 J9 CLASSICAL QUANT GRAV JI Class. Quantum Gravity PD JUL 21 PY 2010 VL 27 IS 14 AR 145013 DI 10.1088/0264-9381/27/14/145013 PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 608IG UT WOS:000278576500013 ER PT J AU Liao, JW Dumas, RK Hou, HC Huang, YC Tsai, WC Wang, LW Wang, DS Lin, MS Wu, YC Chen, RZ Chiu, CH Lau, JW Liu, K Lai, CH AF Liao, Jung-Wei Dumas, Randy K. Hou, Hao-Cheng Huang, Yen-Chun Tsai, Wu-Chang Wang, Liang-Wei Wang, Ding-Shuo Lin, Meng-Shian Wu, Yun-Chung Chen, Rong-Zhi Chiu, Chun-Hao Lau, June W. Liu, Kai Lai, Chih-Huang TI Simultaneous enhancement of anisotropy and grain isolation in CoPtCr-SiO2 perpendicular recording media by a MnRu intermediate layer SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-STABILITY; EXCHANGE BIAS AB We demonstrate using both structural and magnetic analyses that an antiferromagnetic MnRu intermediate layer can simultaneously increase the anisotropy constant and reduce the intergranular exchange coupling of a CoPtCr-SiO2 recording layer. The anisotropy constant of CoPtCr-SiO2 is increased by an exchange coupling with the adjacent antiferromagnetic MnRu intermediate layer. Additionally, the MnRu layer leads to better SiO2 segregation within the recording layer which then weakens intergrain exchange coupling. While the enhanced grain isolation leads to a reduction in the activation volume, a potential loss in thermal stability is avoided due to the enhanced anisotropy. C1 [Liao, Jung-Wei; Hou, Hao-Cheng; Huang, Yen-Chun; Tsai, Wu-Chang; Wang, Liang-Wei; Wang, Ding-Shuo; Lin, Meng-Shian; Wu, Yun-Chung; Lai, Chih-Huang] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. [Dumas, Randy K.; Liu, Kai] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Chen, Rong-Zhi; Chiu, Chun-Hao] China Steel Corp, Kaohsiung 81233, Taiwan. [Lau, June W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lai, CH (reprint author), Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. EM chlai@mx.nthu.edu.tw RI Dumas, Randy/E-3077-2010; Liu, Kai/B-1163-2008; Lau, June/C-7509-2013 OI Dumas, Randy/0000-0001-5505-2172; Liu, Kai/0000-0001-9413-6782; FU National Science Council of Republic of China [NSC 98-2622-E-007-003]; Ministry of Economic Affairs of Republic of China [97-EC-17-A-08-S1-006]; National Science Foundation [ECCS-0925626]; CITRIS FX Work at NTHU has been supported by the National Science Council of Republic of China under Grant No. NSC 98-2622-E-007-003 and by the Ministry of Economic Affairs of Republic of China under Grant No. 97-EC-17-A-08-S1-006. Work at UCD has been supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. ECCS-0925626 and CITRIS. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 21 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 1 AR 014423 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.014423 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 629DB UT WOS:000280173700003 ER PT J AU Shen, BW Tao, WK Lau, WK Atlas, R AF Shen, B. -W. Tao, W. -K. Lau, W. K. Atlas, R. TI Predicting tropical cyclogenesis with a global mesoscale model: Hierarchical multiscale interactions during the formation of tropical cyclone Nargis (2008) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; SUMMER MONSOON; NORTH PACIFIC; ROSSBY WAVES; NWP SYSTEM; CONVECTION; PARAMETERIZATION; MODULATION; DIAGNOSIS; STATE AB Very severe cyclonic storm Nargis devastated Burma (Myanmar) in May 2008, caused tremendous damage and numerous fatalities, and became one of the 10 deadliest tropical cyclones (TCs) of all time. To increase the warning time in order to save lives and reduce economic damage, it is important to extend the lead time in the prediction of TCs like Nargis. As recent advances in high-resolution global models and supercomputing technology have shown the potential for improving TC track and intensity forecasts, the ability of a global mesoscale model to predict TC genesis in the Indian Ocean is examined in this study with the aim of improving simulations of TC climate. High-resolution global simulations with real data show that the initial formation and intensity variations of TC Nargis can be realistically predicted up to 5 days in advance. Preliminary analysis suggests that improved representations of the following environmental conditions and their hierarchical multiscale interactions were the key to achieving this lead time: (1) a westerly wind burst and equatorial trough, (2) an enhanced monsoon circulation with a zero wind shear line, (3) good upper-level outflow with anti-cyclonic wind shear between 200 and 850 hPa, and (4) low-level moisture convergence. C1 [Shen, B. -W.; Tao, W. -K.; Lau, W. K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Shen, B. -W.] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Atlas, R.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Shen, BW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Code 613, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Bo-Wen.Shen-1@nasa.gov RI Atlas, Robert/A-5963-2011; Lau, William /E-1510-2012 OI Atlas, Robert/0000-0002-0706-3560; Lau, William /0000-0002-3587-3691 FU NASA Advanced Information System Technology (AIST); Modeling Analysis Prediction (MAP) programs; NSF Science and Technology Center FX We would like to thank three reviewers for their valuable suggestions, which have substantially improved the manuscript. We are grateful for support from the NASA Advanced Information System Technology (AIST) and Modeling Analysis Prediction (MAP) programs and the NSF Science and Technology Center for this study. We would like to thank Steve Lang and K.-S. Yeh for proofreading and reviewing this manuscript, B. Green for visualizations, K.-S. Kuo for the preparation of Figure 1, and H.-T. (Jenny) Wu, and Y. Jin (NRL) for valuable discussions. We also thank the NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division and NASA Center for Computational Sciences for computer time used in this research. NR 37 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 17 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D14102 DI 10.1029/2009JD013140 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 627NU UT WOS:000280047300004 ER PT J AU Kim, TW Lee, K Feely, RA Sabine, CL Chen, CTA Jeong, HJ Kim, KY AF Kim, Tae-Wook Lee, Kitack Feely, Richard A. Sabine, Christopher L. Chen, Chen-Tung Arthur Jeong, Hae Jin Kim, Kwang Young TI Prediction of Sea of Japan (East Sea) acidification over the past 40 years using a multiparameter regression model SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID INCREASED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; FOSSIL-FUEL CO2; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; DISSOCIATION-CONSTANTS; CARBONIC-ACID; INORGANIC CARBON; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; INDIAN-OCEAN; REDUCED CALCIFICATION AB A multiparameter linear regression model (MLR) of aragonite saturation state (Omega(ARG)) as a function of temperature, pressure and O-2 concentration in the upper 1,000 m of the Sea of Japan (East Sea) was derived with an uncertainty of +/- 0.020 (1 sigma). The Omega(ARG) data (n = 1,482) used to derive the basin-wide Omega(ARG) prediction model were collected during a field survey in 1999 and were corrected for anthropogenic CO2. Some biases were resolved by addition of a pressure and O-2 concentration interaction term to the proposed model. Correlation between the two predictor terms, caused by addition of this term, was minimized by centering the data for the three variables (thus subtracting the mean from each individual data point). Validation of the model against data sets obtained in 1992 and 2007 yielded correlation coefficients of 0.995 +/- 0.013 for 1992 (n = 64, p << 0.001) and 0.995 +/- 0.009 for 2007 (n = 137, p << 0.001) and root mean square errors of +/- 0.064 for 1992 and +/- 0.050 for 2007. The strong correlation between measurements and predictions suggests that the model can be used to estimate the distribution of Omega(ARG) in the Sea of Japan (East Sea) (including dynamic coastal waters) on varying time scales when basic hydrographic data on temperature, pressure and O-2 concentration are available. Application of the model to past measurements for the Sea of Japan (East Sea) indicated that interdecadal variability (2 sigma from the mean) in Omega(ARG) corrected for anthropogenic CO2 was generally high (0.1-0.7) in the upper water layer (<200 m depth), and decreased (0.05-0.2) with depth for waters deeper than 500 m. The interdecadal variability is largely controlled by variations in the degree of water column ventilation. Superimposed on this natural variability, the input of CO2 derived from fossil fuels has markedly acidified the upper water layers during the anthropocene and thereby moved the aragonite saturation horizon upward by 50-250 m. The impact of CO2 derived from fossil fuels on upper ocean acidification will increase in the future. The present study indicates that, in combination with other easily measurable parameters, a multifunctional model can be a powerful tool for predicting the temporal evolution of Omega(ARG) in the ocean, including coastal waters that are highly likely to be susceptible to ocean acidification in the future. C1 [Kim, Tae-Wook; Lee, Kitack] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Feely, Richard A.; Sabine, Christopher L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Chen, Chen-Tung Arthur] Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Inst Marine Geol & Chem, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. [Jeong, Hae Jin] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Coll Nat Sci, Seoul 151747, South Korea. [Kim, Kwang Young] Chonnam Natl Univ, Fac Earth Syst & Environm Sci, Coll Nat Sci, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. RP Lee, K (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. EM ktl@postech.ac.kr RI Jeong, hae jin/B-8908-2009; Kim, Tae-Wook/E-9611-2011; Chen, Chen-Tung Arthur/C-8901-2011; Lee, Kitack/G-7184-2015 OI Kim, Tae-Wook/0000-0002-4236-0720; FU Korean Science and Engineering Foundation; MOEHRD [KRF-2005-070-C00143]; NOAA Climate Program Office FX This paper benefited a great deal from the numerous constructive suggestions by Scott Doney of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and an anonymous reviewer. This work would not have been possible without the efforts of many scientists who contributed data to the Japanese Ocean Data Center (JODC). We extend our thanks to scientists of the JODC who compiled and enabled access to the data. This work was primarily supported by the National Research Laboratory program of the Korean Science and Engineering Foundation and the MOEHRD (KRF-2005-070-C00143). We also thank Mike Johnson, Joel Levy, and Ken Mooney of the NOAA Climate Program Office for their support of the NOAA studies. NR 66 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD JUL 16 PY 2010 VL 24 AR GB3005 DI 10.1029/2009GB003637 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 627MY UT WOS:000280045100003 ER PT J AU Stock, C Jonas, S Broholm, C Nakatsuji, S Nambu, Y Onuma, K Maeno, Y Chung, JH AF Stock, C. Jonas, S. Broholm, C. Nakatsuji, S. Nambu, Y. Onuma, K. Maeno, Y. Chung, J. -H. TI Neutron-Scattering Measurement of Incommensurate Short-Range Order in Single Crystals of the S=1 Triangular Antiferromagnet NiGa2S4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HEISENBERG-ANTIFERROMAGNET; TEMPERATURE; LATTICE; STATES AB Neutron scattering is used to investigate spin correlations in ultrapure single crystals of the S = 1 triangular lattice NiGa2S4. Despite a Curie-Weiss temperature of Theta(CW) = -80(2) K, static (T > 1 ns) short-range (zeta(ab) = 26(3) angstrom) incommensurate order prevails for T > 1.5 K. The incommensurate modulation Q(0) = (0.155(3), 0.155(3), 0), Theta(CW), and the spin-wave velocity (c = 4400 m/s) can be accounted for by antiferromagnetic third-nearest-neighbor interactions J(3) = 2.8(6) meV and ferromagnetic nearest-neighbor coupling J(1) = -0.35(9) J(3). Interplane correlations are limited to nearest neighbors and weakened by an in-plane field. These observations show that the short-range ordered glassy phase that has been observed in a number of highly degenerate systems can persist near the clean limit. C1 [Stock, C.] Rutherford Appleton Labs, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Jonas, S.; Broholm, C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Broholm, C.; Chung, J. -H.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nakatsuji, S.; Nambu, Y.; Onuma, K.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Chiba 2778581, Japan. [Maeno, Y.] Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. RP Stock, C (reprint author), Rutherford Appleton Labs, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RI Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011; Nambu, Yusuke/C-3863-2012 OI Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892; Nambu, Yusuke/0000-0003-1167-7124 FU NSERC of Canada; JPSJ [21684019, 1905200]; MEXT, Japan; NSF [DMR-0306940, 0706553] FX Discussions with L. Balents and M.P.A. Fisher are gratefully acknowledged. Support was provided by NSERC of Canada, a Grant-in-Aids for Research (21684019, 19052003) from JPSJ and MEXT, Japan, and the NSF through DMR-0306940 and 0706553. NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 16 PY 2010 VL 105 IS 3 AR 037402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.037402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 627AB UT WOS:000280008900021 PM 20867806 ER PT J AU Usselman, RJ Klem, MT Russek, SE Young, M Douglas, T Goldfarb, RB AF Usselman, Robert J. Klem, Michael T. Russek, Stephen E. Young, Mark Douglas, Trevor Goldfarb, Ron B. TI Two-component magnetic structure of iron oxide nanoparticles mineralized in Listeria innocua protein cages (vol 107, 114703, 2010) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Usselman, Robert J.; Russek, Stephen E.; Goldfarb, Ron B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Klem, Michael T.] Montana Tech Univ Montana, Dept Chem & Geochem, Butte, MT 59701 USA. [Klem, Michael T.] Montana Tech Univ Montana, Ctr Adv Supramol & Nano Syst, Butte, MT 59701 USA. [Young, Mark] Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Young, Mark; Douglas, Trevor] Montana State Univ, Ctr Bioinspired Nanomat, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Douglas, Trevor] Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Usselman, RJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM usselman@boulder.nist.gov RI Douglas, Trevor/F-2748-2011; Goldfarb, Ronald/A-5493-2011 OI Goldfarb, Ronald/0000-0002-1942-7974 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2010 VL 108 IS 2 AR 029903 DI 10.1063/1.3464757 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 638QL UT WOS:000280909900123 ER PT J AU Woods, SI Carr, SM Jung, TM Carter, AC Datla, RU AF Woods, S. I. Carr, S. M. Jung, T. M. Carter, A. C. Datla, R. U. TI Demonstration of a Meissner-effect transition edge sensor SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ABSOLUTE CRYOGENIC RADIOMETER; HIGH-RESOLUTION THERMOMETER AB We have built and tested a transition edge sensor which monitors temperature change by measuring magnetic flux expulsion from a superconducting element. Flux change is sensed by a dc superconducting quantum interference device coupled to the element using a flux transformer in a gradiometer arrangement. The operating temperature of the sensor can be varied by application of moderate magnetic fields to the superconducting core, using an integrated solenoid. With a Sn core at 3.58 K, the thermometer has demonstrated a noise level of 2.25 nK/Hz(1/2). We estimate that such a sensor will allow femtowatt sensitivity of an absolute cryogenic radiometer presently under development. [doi:10.1063/1.3456539] C1 [Woods, S. I.; Datla, R. U.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Carr, S. M.; Jung, T. M.] Jung Res & Dev Corp, Washington, DC 20009 USA. [Carter, A. C.] Booz Allen Hamilton Inc, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Woods, SI (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8441, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM solomon.woods@nist.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2010 VL 108 IS 2 AR 024505 DI 10.1063/1.3456539 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 638QL UT WOS:000280909900094 ER PT J AU Richardson, MC Park, ES Kim, JH Holmes, GA AF Richardson, Mickey C. Park, Eun Su Kim, Jae Hyun Holmes, Gale A. TI N-Pyrrolidine Functionalized C-60-Fullerenes/Epoxy Nanocomposites SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE composites; curing of polymers; dispersions; thermosets; stress ID SHEAR-STRENGTH MEASUREMENTS; CARBON NANOTUBES; COMPOSITES; C-60; FULLERENES; POLYSTYRENE; DEGRADATION; POLYMERS; COATINGS; SURFACE AB A series of functionalized C-60-fullerene/epoxy nanocomposites were prepared, and their respective ultimate tensile strengths were determined. The functionalization route of the fullerenes was performed using the Prato reaction, with modified amino acids, resulting in the formation of N-pyrrolidine rings across the [6,6] junctions. Characterization of the functionalized fullerenes was done using Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight (LDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were affected by the type of modified amino acid, the degree of functional group attachment, and the consequent degree of dispersion into the epoxy matrix. A specially blended diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy, having a low viscosity and high strain-to-failure was prepared by adding 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether to DGEBA. The lower viscosity blended epoxy allowed for easier mixing of the fullerenes. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 117: 1120-1126, 2010 C1 [Richardson, Mickey C.; Park, Eun Su; Kim, Jae Hyun; Holmes, Gale A.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Holmes, GA (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gale.holmes@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology-National Research Council FX Contract grant sponsors: National Institute of Standards and Technology-National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associate Program. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD JUL 15 PY 2010 VL 117 IS 2 BP 1120 EP 1126 DI 10.1002/app.31845 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 602TV UT WOS:000278162600057 ER PT J AU Toon, OB Starr, DO Jensen, EJ Newman, PA Platnick, S Schoeberl, MR Wennberg, PO Wofsy, SC Kurylo, MJ Maring, H Jucks, KW Craig, MS Vasques, MF Pfister, L Rosenlof, KH Selkirk, HB Colarco, PR Kawa, SR Mace, GG Minnis, P Pickering, KE AF Toon, Owen B. Starr, David O. Jensen, Eric J. Newman, Paul A. Platnick, Steven Schoeberl, Mark R. Wennberg, Paul O. Wofsy, Steven C. Kurylo, Michael J. Maring, Hal Jucks, Kenneth W. Craig, Michael S. Vasques, Marilyn F. Pfister, Lenny Rosenlof, Karen H. Selkirk, Henry B. Colarco, Peter R. Kawa, Stephan R. Mace, Gerald G. Minnis, Patrick Pickering, Kenneth E. TI Planning, implementation, and first results of the Tropical Composition, Cloud and Climate Coupling Experiment (TC4) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; CIRRUS CLOUDS; TROPOPAUSE-LAYER; ICE SUPERSATURATIONS; RADIATIVE IMPACTS; OZONE CLIMATOLOGY; HYDROGEN RADICALS; SOUTH-PACIFIC; TRANSPORT AB The Tropical Composition, Cloud and Climate Coupling Experiment (TC4), was based in Costa Rica and Panama during July and August 2007. The NASA ER-2, DC-8, and WB-57F aircraft flew 26 science flights during TC4. The ER-2 employed 11 instruments as a remote sampling platform and satellite surrogate. The WB-57F used 25 instruments for in situ chemical and microphysical sampling in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL). The DC-8 used 25 instruments to sample boundary layer properties, as well as the radiation, chemistry, and microphysics of the TTL. TC4 also had numerous sonde launches, two ground-based radars, and a ground-based chemical and microphysical sampling site. The major goal of TC4 was to better understand the role that the TTL plays in the Earth's climate and atmospheric chemistry by combining in situ and remotely sensed data from the ground, balloons, and aircraft with data from NASA satellites. Significant progress was made in understanding the microphysical and radiative properties of anvils and thin cirrus. Numerous measurements were made of the humidity and chemistry of the tropical atmosphere from the boundary layer to the lower stratosphere. Insight was also gained into convective transport between the ground and the TTL, and into transport mechanisms across the TTL. New methods were refined and extended to all the NASA aircraft for real-time location relative to meteorological features. The ability to change flight patterns in response to aircraft observations relayed to the ground allowed the three aircraft to target phenomena of interest in an efficient, well-coordinated manner. C1 [Toon, Owen B.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Toon, Owen B.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Starr, David O.; Newman, Paul A.; Platnick, Steven; Schoeberl, Mark R.; Colarco, Peter R.; Kawa, Stephan R.; Pickering, Kenneth E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Jensen, Eric J.; Craig, Michael S.; Vasques, Marilyn F.; Pfister, Lenny] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Earth Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Schoeberl, Mark R.] Sci & Technol Corp, Polar Off, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. [Wennberg, Paul O.] CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wennberg, Paul O.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wofsy, Steven C.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kurylo, Michael J.; Selkirk, Henry B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Maring, Hal; Jucks, Kenneth W.] NASA, Div Earth Sci, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Rosenlof, Karen H.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Mace, Gerald G.] Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Minnis, Patrick] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Sci Directorate, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Toon, OB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM toon@lasp.colorado.edu RI Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012; Newman, Paul/D-6208-2012; Pickering, Kenneth/E-6274-2012; Kawa, Stephan/E-9040-2012; Selkirk, Henry/H-2021-2012; Kurylo, Michael/H-2201-2012; Platnick, Steven/J-9982-2014; Minnis, Patrick/G-1902-2010; Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Colarco, Peter/D-8637-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Newman, Paul/0000-0003-1139-2508; Platnick, Steven/0000-0003-3964-3567; Minnis, Patrick/0000-0002-4733-6148; Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270; Colarco, Peter/0000-0003-3525-1662; FU NASA's Earth Science Division; NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center Airborne Science Directorate; NASA; University of North Dakota's National Science Education Research Center; NASA Headquarters management FX The TC4 mission was supported by the Atmospheric Composition research area of NASA's Earth Science Division. We thank the aircraft managers, engineers, and ground crews of all the aircraft that participated in TC4. We particularly thank the pilots of the ER-2, David Wright, Denis Steele, and DeLewis Porter, and Mobile Pilot Jan Nystrom, the WB-57F pilots Rob Rivers, Scott Reagan, and William Rieke, and Backseaters, John Bain, Dominic Del Russo, and Joseph Gerky, and the DC-8 pilots William Brocket, Mike Fuller, Manny Puerta, and the late Edwin Lewis. The ER-2 aircraft and pilots were very well supported by the personnel of NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center Airborne Science Directorate, the WB-57F by NASA's Johnson Space Center High Altitude Research Program, and the DC-8 by the University of North Dakota's National Science Education Research Center. We thank the ER-2 Aircraft Program Director, Robert Curry, the DC-8 Program Director, Rick Shetter, and the WB-57F Program Manager, Ken Cockrell. We also thank the ER-2 aircraft coordinators Jacques Vachon and Mike Kapitzke, the DC-8 Aircraft Manager Steve Davis and the DC-8 Mission Manager Dave Easmunt, and the WB-57F Program Engineers Shelly Baccus and Frank Caldeiro, the Mission Manager William (Bud) Meins, and the Integration Manager Marty Ross, as well as all of the aircraft crews. The NASA Ames Earth Science Project Office made tremendous contributions to the operations and overall success of TC4. Our special thanks go to Kent Schiffer, Mike Gaunce, Sue Tolley, Quincy Allison, Dan Chirica, and the late Steve Gaines. We also appreciate the support of the NPOL radar, NATIVE trailer, and Sat Com groups in Panama and the SMART mobile radar in Costa Rica. We thank the RTMM and REVEAL teams from NASA Marshall Earth Science Office and NASA Dryden Test Systems Directorate, respectively, for enabling the collection and display of airborne and ground-based data sets, which supported mission planning and enabled critical real-time decision making. The shipment of the tons of science hardware to San Jose, Costa Rica, could not have been accomplished without the tremendous efforts of the U. S. Air Force Material Command. We would also like to thank the pilots and staff of the NASA C-9, NASA G-3, and Beale Air force Base KC-135 for all their support. We would like to record our special appreciation of and thanks to Kathy Thompson for her dedication and effort throughout the planning, operation, and postmission analysis of TC4. Kathy was ably assisted by Rose Kendall, to whom we also send our thanks. Tommy Thompson's myriad skills were critical to the successful operation of the mission in the field. We thank him for being there to make sure, once again, that it all worked. The airport personnel at Juan Santamaria airport were very helpful to the mission. The various Costa Rican government, academic, and commercial organizations we worked with, including CeNAT, DGAC, Alterra, ICE, IMN, ADS, and the Servicio de Vigilancia Aerea, were invaluable. The same can be said for the Panamanian government and academic organizations. The Costa Rican National Center for Advanced Technology (CENAT), and especially Oliver Gomez, were instrumental in logistical support, both before and during the mission. The meteorological forecasting team in Costa Rica was critical to the success of TC4. This was a joint effort of the Instituto Meteorologico Nacional (IMN), the Centro de Investigaciones Geofisicas (CIGEFI) at the University of Costa Rica, and the Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad (ICE).; IMN team memberswere Evelyn Quiros Badilla, Gustavo Murillo Zumbado, and Eladio Solano Leon; the CIGEFI group, under the direction of Jorge Amador, included Erick Rivera Fernandez, Marcela Ulate Medrano, Ana Mar a Duran Quesada, and Blanca Calderon Solera, and Berny Fallas Lopez represented ICE. NASA Headquarters management and program managers supported this mission in many meaningful ways. The U. S. Embassies in Costa Rica and Panama were especially helpful in coordinating this effort. We appreciate the hospitality of Costa Rican Ambassador Mark Langdale. We appreciate the help of the people of Panama who facilitated the use of the NATIVE trailer and the NPOL radar, and the people of the Galapagos who helped with balloon launching. We especially thank the President and people of Costa Rica, who reconstructed the hangar used by the WB-57F, loaned us the President's hangar for the ER-2, and were very friendly, helpful, and hospitable. NR 99 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 15 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D00J04 DI 10.1029/2009JD013073 PG 33 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 627NS UT WOS:000280047100006 ER PT J AU Matsuo, T Forbes, JM AF Matsuo, Tomoko Forbes, Jeffrey M. TI Principal modes of thermospheric density variability: Empirical orthogonal function analysis of CHAMP 2001-2008 data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB In this paper we characterize the dominant modes of global thermosphere density variability as empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) using densities obtained from the accelerometer experiment on board the CHAMP satellite during 2001-2008. We determine the significance of different types of thermospheric density variability to the overall density variation and also examine the drivers of these primary modes of variability. From a sequential nonlinear regression analysis of the density observations along satellite trajectories, we obtain a set of EOFs in magnetic latitude and magnetic local time coordinates and their orbit time-dependent amplitudes. EOF1 includes a strong global mean component and takes the form of the diurnal variation. It correlates highly with the daily F10.7 index. It underscores that solar EUV is by far the strongest driver of the overall thermospheric density variability. Additionally, the primary mode is modulated semiannually, and its magnitude decreases with declining solar activity. EOF2 has a hemispherically asymmetric structure and represents the summer-to-winter annual density variation. Density responses to geomagnetic forcing are primarily manifested in three different modes: EOF1 that represents the global mean response, EOF3 that has a pronounced magnetic local time-dependent feature, and EOF4, whose main features are high-latitude density increases. These modes have very different response time scales with respect to changes in solar wind parameters. In addition, EOF3 and EOF4 contain signatures of local time variability that are possibly connected with the effects of a solar terminator wave and high-order solar tides that propagate upward from the lower atmosphere and/or with local plasma-neutral interactions in the F region. C1 [Matsuo, Tomoko] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Matsuo, Tomoko] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Forbes, Jeffrey M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Matsuo, T (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM tomoko.matsuo@colorado.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative [FA9550-07-1-0565] FX We thank Eric Sutton for his assistance with CHAMP observations and Naomi Maruyama and Tim Fuller-Rowell for their helpful comments. This work is supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative award FA9550-07-1-0565. The AE index is obtained from the World Data Center for Geomagnetism, Kyoto, Japan. Solar wind data are obtained from the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Coordinated Data Analysis Web. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A07309 DI 10.1029/2009JA015109 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 627PD UT WOS:000280051200011 ER PT J AU Wiesenmayer, M Hilgenfeldt, S Mathias, S Steeb, F Rohwer, T Bauer, M AF Wiesenmayer, M. Hilgenfeldt, S. Mathias, S. Steeb, F. Rohwer, T. Bauer, M. TI Spectroscopy and population decay of a van der Waals gap state in layered TiSe2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL DICHALCOGENIDES; RESOLVED 2-PHOTON PHOTOEMISSION; EXPERIMENTAL BAND-STRUCTURE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; INVERSE-PHOTOEMISSION; CONDUCTION BANDS; PHASE-TRANSITION; 1T-TISE2; DYNAMICS AB Two-photon photoemission (2PPE) spectroscopy is used to map the momentum-dependent energy distribution of unoccupied bands in the layered 1T-TiSe2 transition-metal dichalcogenide compound. A comparison of the experimental results with previous calculations based on the local-density functional approach enables us to identify the second Ti 3d conduction band and a localized unoccupied state that we assign to the presence of excess titanium atoms in the van der Waals gap of the crystal. Time-resolved 2PPE measurements show clear differences in the lifetime between the two states, indicative for the decoupling of the Ti excess atoms from the bulk electronic structure. C1 [Wiesenmayer, M.; Hilgenfeldt, S.; Rohwer, T.; Bauer, M.] Univ Kiel, Inst Expt & Angew Phys, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. [Mathias, S.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mathias, S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mathias, S.; Steeb, F.] Univ Kaiserslautern, Dept Phys, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. [Mathias, S.; Steeb, F.] Univ Kaiserslautern, Res Ctr OPTIMAS, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. RP Wiesenmayer, M (reprint author), Univ Kiel, Inst Expt & Angew Phys, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. EM wiesenmayer@physik.uni-kiel.de RI Mathias, Stefan/I-4679-2012; Bauer, Michael/G-5111-2016 OI Bauer, Michael/0000-0002-4391-9899 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [DFG GRK 792] FX The authors would like to thank M. Aeschlimann for providing his photoemission experiment for these studies, L. Kipp and W. Kruger for providing the crystals used throughout this work, and K. Rossnagel for helpful discussions. Financial support for F. Steeb and S. Mathias was provided by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under Grant No. DFG GRK 792 "Nichtlineare Optik und Ultrakurzzeitphysik." NR 67 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 3 AR 035422 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.035422 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 626AH UT WOS:000279937500010 ER PT J AU Pan, L Lin, CJ Carmichael, GR Streets, DG Tang, YH Woo, JH Shetty, SK Chu, HW Ho, TC Friedli, HR Feng, XB AF Pan, Li Lin, Che-Jen Carmichael, Gregory R. Streets, David G. Tang, Youhua Woo, Jung-Hun Shetty, Suraj K. Chu, Hsing-Wei Ho, Thomas C. Friedli, Hans R. Feng, Xinbin TI Study of atmospheric mercury budget in East Asia using STEM-Hg modeling system SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Chemical transport; East Asia; Seasonal variation; Mass budget ID GASEOUS ELEMENTAL MERCURY; DRY DEPOSITION FLUXES; WET DEPOSITION; PARTICULATE MERCURY; SPECIATED MERCURY; AMBIENT AIR; SCIENTIFIC UNCERTAINTIES; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; METHYL MERCURY AB East Asia is the largest source region of global anthropogenic mercury emissions, and contributes to atmospheric mercury concentration and deposition in other regions. Similarly, mercury from the global pool also plays a role in the chemical transport of mercury in East Asia. Annual simulations of atmospheric mercury in East Asia were performed using the STEM-Hg modeling system to study the mass budgets of mercury in the region. The model results showed strong seasonal variation in mercury concentration and deposition, with signals from large point sources. The annual mean concentrations for gaseous elemental mercury, reactive gaseous mercury and particulate mercury in central China and eastern coastal areas were 1.8 ng m(-3), 100 pg m(-3) and 150 pg m(-3), respectively. Boundary conditions had a strong influence on the simulated mercury concentration and deposition, contributing to 80% of the concentration and 70% of the deposition predicted by the model. The rest was caused by the regional emissions before they were transported out of the model domain. Using different oxidation rates reported for the Hg(0)-O(3) reaction (i.e., by Hall, 1995 vs. by Pal and Ariya, 2004) led to a 9% difference in the predicted mean concentration and a 40% difference in the predicted mean deposition. The estimated annual dry and wet deposition for East Asia in 2001 was in the range of 590-735 Mg and 482-696 Mg, respectively. The mercury mass outflow caused by the emissions in the domain was estimated to be 681-714 Mg yr(-1). This constituted 70% of the total mercury emission in the domain. The greatest outflow occurred in spring and early summer. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pan, Li; Lin, Che-Jen] Lamar Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Beaumont, TX 77710 USA. [Lin, Che-Jen] S China Univ Technol, Sch Environm Sci Engn, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Carmichael, Gregory R.] Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Streets, David G.] Argonne Natl Lab, DIS 900, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Tang, Youhua] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, EMC, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Woo, Jung-Hun] Dept Adv Technol Fus, Seoul, South Korea. [Chu, Hsing-Wei] Lamar Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Beaumont, TX 77710 USA. [Shetty, Suraj K.; Ho, Thomas C.] Lamar Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Beaumont, TX 77710 USA. [Friedli, Hans R.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Feng, Xinbin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geochem, State Key Lab Environm Geochem, Guiyang 550002, Peoples R China. RP Pan, L (reprint author), Lamar Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Beaumont, TX 77710 USA. EM lpan@my.lamar.edu RI Feng, Xinbin/F-4512-2011; Pan, Li/G-1327-2012; Lin, Che-Jen/K-1808-2013; OI Feng, Xinbin/0000-0002-7462-8998; Lin, Che-Jen/0000-0001-5990-3093; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 FU EC/R [PO1-OPR402-LAM]; Texas Air Research Center [078LUB3068A]; Texas Commission on Environmental Quality [582-7-83975]; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences FX The study is sponsored in parts by the USEPA through a subcontract from EC/R (Contract No.: PO1-OPR402-LAM), Texas Air Research Center (Project No: 078LUB3068A), Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (2005-2009 Umbrella Contract No. 582-7-83975) and the State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The funding support is gratefully acknowledged. NR 70 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUL 15 PY 2010 VL 408 IS 16 BP 3277 EP 3291 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.04.039 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 623VM UT WOS:000279773200028 PM 20483447 ER PT J AU Nagura, M McPhaden, MJ AF Nagura, Motoki McPhaden, Michael J. TI Wyrtki Jet dynamics: Seasonal variability SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL INDIAN-OCEAN; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; INTRASEASONAL VARIABILITY; WESTERN BOUNDARIES; PACIFIC-OCEAN; ROSSBY WAVES; EL-NINO; REFLECTION; WIND; CIRCULATION AB This study examines the dynamics of the Wyrtki jets, which are strong equatorial zonal flows that occur typically during boreal spring and fall in the Indian Ocean. Our diagnosis relies primarily on a continuously stratified linear longwave ocean model driven by QuikSCAT zonal winds. Model results, which compare well with satellite altimetry and in situ current observations, indicate that the zonal currents propagate westward along the equator at semiannual periods with an average speed of -1.5 m s(-1). This propagation speed is three times faster than the propagation speed of the dominant wave mode in model zonal velocity, namely the first meridional, second baroclinic mode Rossby wave. We interpret this result in terms of a superposition of Rossby waves on a wind-forced jet, with the jet stronger than the waves by a factor of 2. Sea surface height (SSH), on the other hand, shows propagating features that vary in both speed and direction from region to region. This contrasting behavior between SSH and zonal velocity results from differing influences of Kelvin and Rossby wave dynamics on the variability. These results are in many respects analogous to the distinction between SSH and zonal current behavior found in previous studies of the equatorial Pacific and Atlantic oceans on seasonal time scales. C1 [Nagura, Motoki; McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Nagura, M (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM motoki.nagura@noaa.gov RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 FU NOAA's Climate Program Office FX The authors acknowledge the Coriolis data center, which provided the gridded temperature and salinity data set. QSCAT data are provided by Remote Sensing Systems; the gridded SSH data set by the Ssalto/Duacs (Developing Use of Altimetry for Climate Studies) project; and ERS wind data by the CERSAT (Centre ERS d'Archivage et de Traitement), IFREMER. We thank two anonymous reviewers for the helpful comments, which greatly improved our original manuscript. NOAA's Climate Program Office supported production of this manuscript. Xuebin Zhang helped with setup of the numerical model code. Special thanks to India's Ministry of Earth Sciences for providing ship time to support collection of the ADCP measurements and V. S. N. Murty for helping to establish the ADCP measurement program. This is PMEL contribution 3466. NR 43 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL 14 PY 2010 VL 115 AR C07009 DI 10.1029/2009JC005922 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 627OA UT WOS:000280048000001 ER PT J AU Takahashi, K Denton, RE Singer, HJ AF Takahashi, Kazue Denton, Richard E. Singer, Howard J. TI Solar cycle variation of geosynchronous plasma mass density derived from the frequency of standing Alfven waves SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FIELD LINE RESONANCES; MAGNETOSPHERIC ION COMPOSITION; PC3 GEOMAGNETIC-PULSATIONS; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; MODEL; OSCILLATIONS; SIMULATION; SHEET; STORM; TAIL AB We have studied the solar cycle variation of equatorial plasma mass density rho(eq) in the plasma trough at geosynchronous altitude. The density was indirectly determined from the frequency, f(T3), of the third harmonic of toroidal standing Alfven waves detected over a 12 year period from 1980 to 1991 with magnetometers on five Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES). Realistic models of the ambient magnetic field and field line mass distribution were used in numerically solving the wave equation to relate f(T3) to rho(eq). Scanning the magnetometer data in a 30 min time window that moved forward in 10 min steps, we obtained 228,382 f(T3) samples equivalent to 1586 days of data. The detection rate of f(T3) is highest (similar to 50%) in the prenoon sector, and f(T3) and rho(eq) samples from this sector were used to examine their dependence on F-10.7, Kp, and Dst. Overall, F-10.7 exhibits the highest correlation with f(T3) and rho(eq), implying that the solar UV/EUV control of ion production at the ionospheric height is strongly reflected in mass density variations at geosynchronous orbit. Using 27 day medians computed excluding periods of plasmasphere expansion to geosynchronous orbit and geomagnetic storm, we obtained the empirical formula f(T3) (mHz) = 38 - 0.097F(10.7) and log rho(eq) (amu cm(-3)) = 0.42 + 0.0039F(10.7), where F-10.7 is given in the solar flux units 10(-22) W . m(-2) . Hz(-1). This last formula means that with the 27 day F-10.7 in the range of 68-255 in the selected solar cycle, the mass density varied by a factor of similar to 5 from similar to 5 to similar to 26 amu cm(-3). During extremely quiet times (Kp averaged using a 3 day time scale <1), for which the plasmasphere may extend out to geosynchronous orbit, and during storm periods (Dst < -50 nT), the mass density may be enhanced beyond these values. C1 [Takahashi, Kazue] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Denton, Richard E.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Singer, Howard J.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Takahashi, K (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM kazue.takahashi@jhuapl.edu; richard.e.denton@dartmouth.edu; howard.singer@noaa.gov FU NSF [ATM-0632740, ATM-0751007]; NASA [NNX08AI36G] FX This work was supported mainly by NSF grant ATM-0632740. R. D. was further supported by NSF grant ATM-0751007 and NASA grant NNX08AI36G (Heliophysics Theory Program). We thank Dennis Gallagher for a helpful conversation. NR 63 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL 14 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A07207 DI 10.1029/2009JA015243 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 627PC UT WOS:000280051100003 ER PT J AU Metcalfe, M Carr, SM Muller, A Solomon, GS Lawall, J AF Metcalfe, M. Carr, S. M. Muller, A. Solomon, G. S. Lawall, J. TI Resolved Sideband Emission of InAs/GaAs Quantum Dots Strained by Surface Acoustic Waves SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The dynamic response of InAs/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) to strain is studied experimentally by periodically modulating the QDs with a surface acoustic wave and measuring the QD fluorescence with photoluminescence and resonant spectroscopy. When the acoustic frequency is larger than the QD linewidth, we resolve phonon sidebands in the QD fluorescence spectrum. Using a resonant pump laser, we have demonstrated optical frequency conversion via the dynamically modulated QD, which is the physical mechanism underlying laser sideband cooling a nanomechanical resonator by means of an embedded QD. C1 [Metcalfe, M.; Muller, A.; Solomon, G. S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Metcalfe, M.; Muller, A.; Solomon, G. S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Carr, S. M.; Solomon, G. S.; Lawall, J.] NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Metcalfe, M (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU NSF FX The authors would like to thank G. Bryant, A. Chijioke, E. B. Flagg, W. Fang, K. Ekinci, M. Zaghloul, and H. C. Ou. We acknowledge support by NSF though the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute and the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology for fabrication assistance. NR 18 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 14 PY 2010 VL 105 IS 3 AR 037401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.037401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 625IJ UT WOS:000279888400010 PM 20867805 ER PT J AU Bossart, GD Reif, JS Schaefer, AM Goldstein, J Fair, PA Saliki, JT AF Bossart, Gregory D. Reif, John S. Schaefer, Adam M. Goldstein, Juli Fair, Patricia A. Saliki, Jeremiah T. TI Morbillivirus infection in free-ranging Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the Southeastern United States: Seroepidemiologic and pathologic evidence of subclinical infection SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bottlenose dolphin; Dolphin morbillivirus; Porpoise morbillivirus; Serology; Pathology; Subclinical infection ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; INDIAN RIVER LAGOON; WESTERN ATLANTIC; STENELLA-COERULEOALBA; MEDITERRANEAN-SEA; AQUATIC MAMMALS; EPIZOOTICS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INSIGHT AB From 2003 to 2007, sera (n = 234) from free-ranging Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) inhabiting two southeast Atlantic estuarine regions, the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), FL and Charleston, SC (CHS) were tested for antibodies to cetacean morbilliviruses as part of a multidisciplinary study of individual and population health. Positive morbillivirus titers were found on initial capture in 12 of 122 (9.8%) IRL dolphins in the absence of an epizootic. All CHS dolphins were seronegative. Positive fluctuating morbillivirus titers and seroconversion were found in IRL dolphins. Seropositivity was detected in dolphins 8-13 years of age as well as in dolphins that were alive during the 1987-1988 epizootic. During the study period, pathologic and immunohistochemical findings from stranded IRL dolphins (n = 14) did not demonstrate typical morbillivirus-associated lesions or the presence of morbillivirus antigen. The findings suggest that morbillivirus infections are occurring in the absence of widespread mortality in IRL dolphins. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bossart, Gregory D.] Georgia Aquarium, Atlanta, GA 30313 USA. [Bossart, Gregory D.; Schaefer, Adam M.; Goldstein, Juli] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Reif, John S.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Fair, Patricia A.] Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29142 USA. [Saliki, Jeremiah T.] Univ Georgia, Athens Vet Diagnost Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Bossart, GD (reprint author), Georgia Aquarium, 225 Baker St NW, Atlanta, GA 30313 USA. EM gbossart@georgiaaquarium.org FU Florida Protect Wild Dolphins program; NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Health; Stranding Response Program FX This research was conducted under National Marine Fisheries Service Permit No. 998-1678-00, issued to Dr. Gregory Bossart. Dolphin health assessments were a collaborative effort between Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution and the NOAA National Ocean Service, Center for Coastal Environmental and Biomolecular Research. Support was provided by the Florida Protect Wild Dolphins program and the NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program. The authors thank Stephen McCulloch and the entire Bottlenose Dolphin HERA Project staff for their efforts in this project. In particular, we recognize Mr. Wayne McFee for analyses of dental enamel to estimate age, and Drs. Forrest Townsend and David Kilpatrick for conducting physical examinations and obtaining blood samples. NR 38 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD JUL 14 PY 2010 VL 143 IS 2-4 BP 160 EP 166 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.11.024 PG 7 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 615HD UT WOS:000279124500009 PM 20005646 ER PT J AU Lee, JH Choi, SM Doe, C Faraone, A Pincus, PA Kline, SR AF Lee, Ji-Hwan Choi, Sung-Min Doe, Changwoo Faraone, Antonio Pincus, Philip A. Kline, Steven R. TI Thermal Fluctuation and Elasticity of Lipid Vesicles Interacting with Pore-Forming Peptides SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MEDIATED INTERACTIONS; BILAYERS; CURVATURE; MELITTIN; MEMBRANES; DRIVEN; ALAMETHICIN; MECHANISM; PROTEINS AB The thermal fluctuation and elasticity of dioleoyl-phosphocholine large unilamellar vesicle interacting with pore-forming peptide, melittin, were investigated by neutron spin-echo measurements. The relaxation behavior of the membrane fluctuation with different peptide to lipid molar ratio P/L can be divided into three regions, resulting from characteristic changes of the effective bending modulus (kappa) over tilde of the membrane which includes the effects of internal dissipation within the membrane. At low P/L, melittin is adsorbed parallel to the surface of membrane and (kappa) over tilde decreases significantly due to perturbation of hydrocarbon chain packing. At a critical P/L, melittin forms pores in the membrane and (kappa) over tilde starts to increase slightly due to high pore rigidity. At higher P/L where the repulsive interpore interaction becomes significant, (kappa) over tilde increases rapidly. C1 [Lee, Ji-Hwan; Choi, Sung-Min; Doe, Changwoo] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Nucl & Quantum Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. [Faraone, Antonio; Kline, Steven R.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Faraone, Antonio] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pincus, Philip A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mat Res Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Pincus, Philip A.] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Taejon 305701, South Korea. RP Choi, SM (reprint author), Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Nucl & Quantum Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. EM sungmin@kaist.ac.kr RI Do, Changwoo/A-9670-2011 OI Do, Changwoo/0000-0001-8358-8417 FU MEST [2010-0017424, 2010-0000859, 2010-0000133]; NSF [DMR-0454672]; WCU of the MEST FX We thank F. L. H. Brown and R. Granek for helpful discussions and S.-A. Chae at KBSI for technical assistance. This work was supported by the NRF grants funded by the MEST (2010-0017424, 2010-0000859 and 2010-0000133) and utilized facilities supported in part by the NSF (DMR-0454672). PAP was supported by the WCU program of the MEST and the NSF (DMR-0803103). NR 27 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 30 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 13 PY 2010 VL 105 IS 3 AR 038101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.038101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 624LP UT WOS:000279820500014 PM 20867811 ER PT J AU Booth, JC Orloff, ND Cagnon, J Lu, JW Stemmer, S AF Booth, James C. Orloff, Nathan D. Cagnon, Joel Lu, Jiwei Stemmer, Susanne TI Temperature-dependent dielectric relaxation in bismuth zinc niobate thin films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE AB We apply broadband measurement techniques to determine the dielectric permittivity of Bi1.5Zn1.0Nb1.5O7 (BZN) thin films over the frequency range 1 kHz to 40 GHz. At room temperature, the permittivity function shows relaxation at high frequencies (similar to 1 GHz), and as the temperature is reduced, the onset of relaxation rapidly moves to lower frequencies, reaching similar to 1 kHz at 100 K. The observed frequency-dependent dielectric response of BZN thin films is quantitatively similar to the response of bulk ceramics, which suggests that the intrinsic disorder in the BZN material system can be conveniently explored via measurements on thin films. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3455897] C1 [Booth, James C.; Orloff, Nathan D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Orloff, Nathan D.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cagnon, Joel; Lu, Jiwei; Stemmer, Susanne] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Booth, JC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM booth@boulder.nist.gov RI Lu, Jiwei /E-5170-2010; Stemmer, Susanne/H-6555-2011; OI Stemmer, Susanne/0000-0002-3142-4696; Orloff, Nathan/0000-0001-5391-4699 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0602244] FX S.S. acknowledges funding from the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR-0602244. J.B. and N.O. thank Ichiro Takeuchi and Jordi Mateu for helpful discussions. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 12 PY 2010 VL 97 IS 2 AR 022902 DI 10.1063/1.3455897 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 626WW UT WOS:000279999800049 ER PT J AU Wood, BE Linsky, JL AF Wood, Brian E. Linsky, Jeffrey L. TI RESOLVING THE xi BOO BINARY WITH CHANDRA, AND REVEALING THE SPECTRAL TYPE DEPENDENCE OF THE CORONAL "FIP EFFECT" SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars: coronae; stars: individual (xi Boo); stars: late-type; X-rays: stars ID SOLAR-TYPE STARS; EMISSION MEASURE DISTRIBUTIONS; INTERMEDIATE-ACTIVITY LEVELS; XMM-NEWTON VIEW; RAY SPECTROSCOPY; STELLAR CORONAE; ATOMIC DATABASE; NE/O ABUNDANCE; ACTIVE REGIONS; EQ-PEGASI AB On 2008 May 2, Chandra observed the X-ray spectrum of xi Boo (G8 V+K4 V), resolving the binary for the first time in X-rays and allowing the coronae of the two stars to be studied separately. With the contributions of xi Boo A and B to the system's total X-ray emission now observationally established (88.5% and 11.5%, respectively), consideration of mass loss measurements for GK dwarfs of various activity levels (including one for xi Boo) leads to the surprising conclusion that xi Boo B may dominate the wind from the binary, with. Boo A's wind being very weak despite its active corona. Emission measure (EM) distributions and coronal abundances are computed for both stars and compared with Chandra measurements of other moderately active stars with G8-K5 spectral types, all of which exhibit a narrow peak in EM near log T = 6.6, indicating that the coronal heating process in these stars has a strong preference for this temperature. As is the case for the Sun and many other stars, our sample of stars shows coronal abundance anomalies dependent on the first ionization potential (FIP) of the element. We see no dependence of the degree of "FIP effect" on activity, but there is a dependence on spectral type, a correlation that becomes more convincing when moderately active main-sequence stars with a broader range of spectral types are considered. This clear dependence of coronal abundances on spectral type weakens if the stellar sample is allowed to be contaminated by evolved stars, interacting binaries, or extremely active stars with log L(X) > 29, explaining why this correlation has not been recognized in the past. C1 [Wood, Brian E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Wood, BE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM brian.wood@nrl.navy.mil; jlinsky@jila.colorado.edu FU Chandra X-ray Observatory Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration [GO8-9003Z, NAS8-03060] FX Support for this work was provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration through Chandra Award Number GO8-9003Z issued by the Chandra X-ray Observatory Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for and on behalf of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under contract NAS8-03060. NR 60 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2010 VL 717 IS 2 BP 1279 EP 1290 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/717/2/1279 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 635JG UT WOS:000280650800054 ER PT J AU Linsky, JL Yang, H France, K Froning, CS Green, JC Stocke, JT Osterman, SN AF Linsky, Jeffrey L. Yang, Hao France, Kevin Froning, Cynthia S. Green, James C. Stocke, John T. Osterman, Steven N. TI OBSERVATIONS OF MASS LOSS FROM THE TRANSITING EXOPLANET HD 209458b* SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planets and satellites: atmospheres; planets and satellites: individual (HD 209458b); planets and satellites: physical evolution; stars: individual (HD 209458); ultraviolet: stars ID EXTRASOLAR PLANET HD209458B; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; GIANT PLANETS; 209458B; HYDROGEN; EVAPORATION; HD-209458B; EVOLUTION; AERONOMY; ESCAPE AB Using the new Cosmic Origins Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope, we obtained moderate-resolution, high signal/noise ultraviolet spectra of HD 209458 and its exoplanet HD 209458b during transit, both orbital quadratures, and secondary eclipse. We compare transit spectra with spectra obtained at non-transit phases to identify spectral features due to the exoplanet's expanding atmosphere. We find that the mean flux decreased by 7.8% +/- 1.3% for the C II 1334.5323 angstrom and 1335.6854 angstrom lines and by 8.2% +/- 1.4% for the Si III 1206.500 angstrom line during transit compared to non-transit times in the velocity interval -50 to + 50 km s(-1). Comparison of the C II and Si III line depths and transit/non-transit line ratios shows deeper absorption features near -10 and +15 km s(-1) and less certain features near -40 and +30-70 km s(-1), but future observations are needed to verify this first detection of velocity structure in the expanding atmosphere of an exoplanet. Our results for the C II lines and the non-detection of Si IV 1394.76 angstrom absorption are in agreement with Vidal-Madjar et al., but we find absorption during transit in the Si III line contrary to the earlier result. The 8% +/- 1% obscuration of the star during transit is far larger than the 1.5% obscuration by the exoplanet's disk. Absorption during transit at velocities between -50 and +50 km s(-1) in the C II and S III lines requires high-velocity ion absorbers. Assuming hydrodynamic model values for the gas temperature and outflow velocity at the limb of the outflow as seen in the C II lines, we find mass-loss rates in the range (8-40)x10(10) g s(-1). These rates assume that the carbon abundance is solar, which is not the case for the giant planets in the solar system. Our mass-loss rate estimate is consistent with theoretical hydrodynamic models that include metals in the outflowing gas. C1 [Linsky, Jeffrey L.; Yang, Hao] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Linsky, Jeffrey L.; Yang, Hao] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [France, Kevin; Froning, Cynthia S.; Green, James C.; Stocke, John T.; Osterman, Steven N.] Univ Colorado, CASA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Linsky, JL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jlinsky@jilau1.colorado.edu; haoyang@jilau1.colorado.edu; Kevin.France@colorado.edu; cfroning@casa.colorado.edu; James.Green@colorado.edu; stocke@casa.colorado.edu; steven.osterman@colorado.edu RI Yang, Hao/F-8396-2014 OI Yang, Hao/0000-0002-9423-2333 FU NASA [NNX08AC146, NAS5-98043] FX This work is supported by NASA through grants NNX08AC146 and NAS5-98043 to the University of Colorado at Boulder. We thank the many people at the Space Telescope Science Institute, Goddard Space Flight Center, Ball Aerospace and Technologies Corp., and CASA at the University of Colorado for the excellent hardware and software that has made COS a great success. We particularly thank the referee for his many thoughtful and thorough comments and his bringing to our attention important publications that have led to significant modifications in the paper. We thank Dr. J. Schneider for encouraging us to look for an assymetry between ingress and egress. We also thank Dr. Lofti Ben-Jaffel for clarifying our understanding of the Ben-Jaffel & Hosseini (2010) paper. We thank Dr. Alain Lecavelier for calling our attention to the different values of tau at the limb that depend on the density structure in the envelope. NR 38 TC 136 Z9 138 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2010 VL 717 IS 2 BP 1291 EP 1299 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/717/2/1291 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 635JG UT WOS:000280650800055 ER PT J AU Mattheus, CR Rodriguez, AB McKee, BA Currin, CA AF Mattheus, Christopher R. Rodriguez, Antonio B. McKee, Brent A. Currin, Carolyn A. TI Impact of land-use change and hard structures on the evolution of fringing marsh shorelines SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE salt marshes; estuaries; sea-level changes; nearshore sedimentation; anthropogenic effects; North Carolina ID HIGH-PRECISION MEASUREMENTS; WETLAND SEDIMENT ELEVATION; SEA-LEVEL CHANGES; SALT-MARSH; COASTAL MARSH; TIDAL MARSHES; VERTICAL ACCRETION; NORTH-CAROLINA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES AB Estuarine fringe marshes provide essential ecosystem services to coastal regions, including carbon sequestration and provision of shelter and nursery grounds for aquatic and terrestrial animals. The ability of a marsh to sustain itself by vertical accretion in response to sea-level rise is, in part, limited by inorganic sediment supply. Models attempting to forecast salt-marsh response to future sea-level rise commonly ignore land-use changes, despite the recent coastal population boom and the potential of land-use changes to alter sediment sources and modify established sediment-transport pathways. This study investigates the impacts of landscape modifications, which are typical of coastal areas, on the nearshore sedimentation and edge evolution of two fringing marshes. The sites examined include a marsh fringing the upper bay and a marsh fringing a beach ridge on the estuarine shoreline of a barrier island. Both sites are located in the same estuarine system, have similar hydrologic settings and comparable vegetation densities. Previous work, marsh cores, and a historical record from aerial photos indicate that although the fringe marshes are in different geomorphic locations, prior to anthropogenic modifications they were similar in terms of nearshore-sediment composition, scarp-shoreline morphology, and shoreline trajectory. The upper-bay marsh was impacted by the introduction of tree farming in the watershed of a tributary creek to the upper bay, which increased upland erosion and caused higher sedimentation rates in the estuary. The back-barrier marsh, which received no contribution from the tree farm because it is distal with respect to river input, was modified by the installation of a pier and rock sill. Terrestrial LIDAR, surface elevation tables, and accretion rates obtained from radioisotope analyses show that the deforestation induced high rates of nearshore and marsh accretion at the upper-bay site, which is promoting marsh colonization and expansion. These same types of data, in addition to aerial photos, were obtained at the back-barrier site and show increased rates of marsh-shoreline erosion adjacent to the structures. The fringing marshes were once similar, but started to evolve differently over a short time period as a result of human-induced changes to the landscape. Coastal development can significantly influence marsh-shoreline behavior, which must be taken into account when developing models of coastal response to sea-level rise. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Mattheus, Christopher R.; Rodriguez, Antonio B.] Univ N Carolina Chapel Hill, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [McKee, Brent A.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Currin, Carolyn A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Rodriguez, AB (reprint author), Univ N Carolina Chapel Hill, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. EM cmattheu@hamilton.edu; abrodrig@email.unc.edu; bmckee@unc.edu; Carolyn.Currin@noaa.gov FU NOAA Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research; U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science (BER) through the Coastal Center of the National Institute for Climatic Change Research at Tulane University; American Chemical Society FX This research was supported by the NOAA Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research, the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science (BER) through the Coastal Center of the National Institute for Climatic Change Research at Tulane University, and the Donors of the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund. The help Priscilla Delano, Sherif Ghobrial, Mike Greene, Anna Hilting, Patricia Rodriguez, Emmett Keeler and Valerie Wunderly provided in the field and lab is greatly appreciated. The North Carolina Aquarium at Pine Knoll Shores provided access to the study site. NR 61 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 7 U2 90 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD JUL 10 PY 2010 VL 88 IS 3 BP 365 EP 376 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2010.04.016 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 620XW UT WOS:000279537500008 ER PT J AU Twichell, D Edmiston, L Andrews, B Stevenson, W Donoghue, J Poore, R Osterman, L AF Twichell, D. Edmiston, L. Andrews, B. Stevenson, W. Donoghue, J. Poore, R. Osterman, L. TI Geologic controls on the recent evolution of oyster reefs in Apalachicola Bay and St. George Sound, Florida SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE oyster reefs; substrate preferences; brackish water environment; Holocene; USA; Florida; Apalachicola Bay ID ESTUARY; RIVER; SALINITY; REGION; SEA; USA AB Apalachicola Bay and St. George Sound contain the largest oyster fishery in Florida, and the growth and distribution of the numerous oyster reefs here are the combined product of modern estuarine conditions in the bay and its late Holocene evolution. Sidescan-sonar imagery, bathymetry, high-resolution seismic profiles, and sediment cores show that oyster beds occupy the crests of a series of shoals that range from 1 to 7 km in length, trend roughly north-south perpendicular to the long axes of the bay and sound, and are asymmetrical with steeper sides facing to the west. Surface sediment samples show that the oyster beds consist of shelly sand, while much of the remainder of the bay floor is covered by mud delivered by the Apalachicola River. The present oyster reefs rest on sandy delta systems that advanced southward across the region between 6400 and 4400 yr BP when sea level was 4-6 m lower than present. Oysters started to colonize the region around 5100 yr BP and became extensive by 1200 and 2400 yr BP. Since 1200 yr BP, their aerial extent has decreased due to burial of the edges of the reefs by the prodelta mud that continues to be supplied by the Apalachicola River. Oyster reefs that are still active are narrower than the original beds, have grown vertically, and become asymmetrical in cross-section. Their internal bedding indicates they have migrated westward, suggesting a net westerly transport of sediment in the bay. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Twichell, D.; Andrews, B.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Edmiston, L.] Apalachicola Bay Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, Apalachicola, FL USA. [Poore, R.; Osterman, L.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Donoghue, J.] Florida State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Stevenson, W.] NOAA Coastal Serv Ctr, Charleston, SC USA. RP Twichell, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM dtwichell@usgs.gov OI Andrews, Brian/0000-0003-1024-9400 FU NOAA Coastal Services Center FX Funding for this research was provided by both the NOAA Coastal Services Center. We acknowledge the assistance of E. Bergeron, W. Danforth, J. Denny, B. Irwin, T. O'Brien, and C. Worley of the USGS for their assistance in collecting and processing the data. Additional support for field operations was provided by Apalachicola Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve staff members J. Wanat, L Levi, M. Lamb, and S. Fahrny. We appreciate the constructive reviews by P. Valentine and W. Winters. Any use of trade names or company names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD JUL 10 PY 2010 VL 88 IS 3 BP 385 EP 394 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2010.04.019 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 620XW UT WOS:000279537500010 ER PT J AU Stone, RS Herber, A Vitale, V Mazzola, M Lupi, A Schnell, RC Dutton, EG Liu, PSK Li, SM Dethloff, K Lampert, A Ritter, C Stock, M Neuber, R Maturilli, M AF Stone, R. S. Herber, A. Vitale, V. Mazzola, M. Lupi, A. Schnell, R. C. Dutton, E. G. Liu, P. S. K. Li, S. -M. Dethloff, K. Lampert, A. Ritter, C. Stock, M. Neuber, R. Maturilli, M. TI A three-dimensional characterization of Arctic aerosols from airborne Sun photometer observations: PAM-ARCMIP, April 2009 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM DECREASE; BLACK CARBON; AGASP-II; OPTICAL DEPTH; EL-CHICHON; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOL; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; NOAA WP-3D; HAZE; PARTICLES AB The Arctic climate is modulated, in part, by atmospheric aerosols that affect the distribution of radiant energy passing through the atmosphere. Aerosols affect the surface-atmosphere radiation balance directly through interactions with solar and terrestrial radiation and indirectly through interactions with cloud particles. Better quantification of the radiative forcing by different types of aerosol is needed to improve predictions of future climate. During April 2009, the airborne campaign Pan-Arctic Measurements and Arctic Regional Climate Model Inter-comparison Project (PAM-ARCMIP) was conducted. The mission was organized by Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research of Germany and utilized their research aircraft, Polar-5. The goal was to obtain a snapshot of surface and atmospheric conditions over the central Arctic prior to the onset of the melt season. Characterizing aerosols was one objective of the campaign. Standard Sun photometric procedures were adopted to quantify aerosol optical depth AOD, providing a three-dimensional view of the aerosol, which was primarily haze from anthropogenic sources. Independent, in situ measurements of particle size distribution and light extinction, derived from airborne lidar, are used to corroborate inferences made using the AOD results. During April 2009, from the European to the Alaskan Arctic, from sub-Arctic latitudes to near the pole, the atmosphere was variably hazy with total column AOD at 500 nm ranging from similar to 0.12 to >0.35, values that are anomalously high compared with previous years. The haze, transported primarily from Eurasian industrial regions, was concentrated within and just above the surface-based temperature inversion layer. Extinction, as measured using an onboard lidar system, was also greatest at low levels, where particles tended to be slightly larger than at upper levels. Black carbon (BC) (soot) was observed at all levels sampled, but at moderate to low concentrations compared with historical records. BC was highest near the North Pole, suggesting there had been an accumulation of soot within the Arctic vortex. Few, optically thick elevated aerosol layers were observed along the flight track, although independent lidar observations reveal evidence of the passage of volcanic plumes, which may have contributed to abnormally high values of AOD above 4 km. Enhanced opacity at higher altitudes during the campaign is attributed to an accumulation of industrial pollutants in the upper troposphere in combination with volcanic aerosol resulting from the March-April 2009 eruptions of Mount Redoubt in Alaska. The presence of Arctic haze during April 2009 is estimated to have reduced the net shortwave irradiance by similar to 2-5 W m(-2), resulting in a slight cooling of the surface. C1 [Stone, R. S.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Stone, R. S.; Schnell, R. C.; Dutton, E. G.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Herber, A.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27568 Bremerhaven, Germany. [Vitale, V.; Mazzola, M.; Lupi, A.] CNR, Inst Atmospher Sci & Climate, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Liu, P. S. K.] Environm Canada, Meteorol Res Div, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Li, S. -M.] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Dethloff, K.; Lampert, A.; Ritter, C.; Stock, M.; Neuber, R.; Maturilli, M.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Res Unit Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. RP Stone, RS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Robert.Stone@noaa.gov RI Neuber, Roland/B-4923-2014; Dethloff, Klaus/B-4879-2014; Mazzola, Mauro/K-9376-2016 OI Neuber, Roland/0000-0001-7382-7832; Mazzola, Mauro/0000-0002-8394-2292 FU Italian National Research Council (CNR) FX PAM-ARCMIP was a success thanks to behind-the-scenes efforts by many individuals from the participating institutes and affiliates. Those of us who flew the mission wish to express special thanks to B. Burchartz and his crew for piloting Polar-5, flight engineers M. Gehrmann and M. Sellmann, and others at AWI responsible for integrating the systems into the aircraft. W. Strapp operated the EC suite of instruments on the final legs of the mission. R. Brauner provided accurate weather forecasts. S. Henkel handled administrative matters. We thank the crew of the Russian North-Pole drifting station NP-36 and logistic head, V. T. Sokolov of the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI), St. Petersburg for assuring our safe landing there and their hospitality. Personnel at ground stations across the Arctic provided for our needs, especially A. Platt and J. Johns. Logistical support was also provided by the U.S. DOE/ARM program, the Barrow Arctic Science Consortium (BASC) and Arctic Kingdom. Assistance with data processing and access to data were provided by D. Longenecker, J. Harris, S. Debatin, J. Graeser, and the crew of NP-35. B. Holben, C. Toledano, and K. Stebel provided the ancillary AOD data used in Figure 5. S. Sharma and K. Eleftheriadis provided the station BC results used in Figure 7f. J. Wendell assisted with the fabrication of the photometer system. K.-H. Schulz provided the solar tracker. P. Disterhoft assisted with characterization of the special glass window. N. O'Neill and E. Eloranta provided ancillary analyses used in the interpretation of lidar data. T. Grenfell provided insights about BC trends in the Arctic. NCEP gridded data was made available through the NOAA ESRL Physical Sciences Division. C. Tomasi provided support and encouragement through the Polar-AOD IPY project, and also sponsored the development of the NOAA ISAC Sun photometer used during PAM-ARMIP. In part, this study was supported by the Italian National Research Council (CNR) through its Short-term Mobility Programme and with funds provided by NOAA/ESRL. R. Stone dedicates his contribution to this study to the late David Hofmann, who, during his tenure at NOAA, provided critical support and enduring inspiration. Dave was keenly interested in PAM-ARCMIP, having earlier cosponsored the development of the Sun photometer system used during the campaign. NR 77 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 10 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D13203 DI 10.1029/2009JD013605 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 624NC UT WOS:000279824800004 ER PT J AU Godin, OA Zabotin, NA Goncharov, VV AF Godin, Oleg A. Zabotin, Nikolay A. Goncharov, Valery V. TI Ocean tomography with acoustic daylight SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GREENS-FUNCTION; AMBIENT NOISE AB Ambient noise in the ocean provides acoustic illumination, which can be used, similarly to daylight in the atmosphere, to visualize objects and characterize the environment. It has been shown theoretically that deterministic travel times between any two points in a moving or motionless, inhomogeneous, time-independent medium can be retrieved from the cross-correlation function of diffuse acoustic noise recorded at the two points, without a detailed knowledge of the noise field's sources or properties. In this paper, techniques are developed to account for receiver motion and suppress contributions due to powerful transient localized noise sources, such as nearby shipping, in order to enhance noise diffusivity. The data-processing techniques are applied to ambient noise recordings of opportunity, which were obtained as a by-product of a long-range sound propagation experiment in the Pacific Ocean. The feasibility of passive ocean acoustic tomography with ambient noise recorded at two vertical line arrays is demonstrated successfully. Citation: Godin, O. A., N. A. Zabotin, and V. V. Goncharov (2010), Ocean tomography with acoustic daylight, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L13605, doi: 10.1029/2010GL043623. C1 [Godin, Oleg A.; Zabotin, Nikolay A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Godin, Oleg A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Zabotin, Nikolay A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Goncharov, Valery V.] Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow 117997, Russia. RP Godin, OA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 425 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM oleg.godin@noaa.gov RI Godin, Oleg/E-6554-2011; Zabotin, Nikolay/A-9639-2015 OI Godin, Oleg/0000-0003-4599-2149; Zabotin, Nikolay/0000-0003-0715-1082 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-08-1-0100] FX The noise data were obtained by the NPAL Group (J. A. Colosi, B. D. Cornuelle, B. D. Dushaw, M. A. Dzieciuch, B. M. Howe, J. A. Mercer, W. H. Munk, R. C. Spindel, and P. F. Worcester) and were made available for this study by P. F. Worcester. Helpful suggestions by A. G. Voronovich are gratefully acknowledged. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research through grant N00014-08-1-0100. NR 15 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 9 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L13605 DI 10.1029/2010GL043623 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 624MT UT WOS:000279823900004 ER PT J AU Zhang, F Sahu, B Min, HK MacDonald, AH AF Zhang, Fan Sahu, Bhagawan Min, Hongki MacDonald, A. H. TI Band structure of ABC-stacked graphene trilayers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BILAYER GRAPHENE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; BERRYS PHASE; STATES; FIELD AB The ABC-stacked N-layer-graphene family of two-dimensional electron systems is described at low energies by two remarkably flat bands with Bloch states that have strongly momentum-dependent phase differences between carbon pi-orbital amplitudes on different layers and large associated momentum-space Berry phases. These properties are most easily understood using a simplified model with only nearest-neighbor interlayer hopping which leads to gapless semiconductor electronic structure and p(N) dispersion in both conduction and valence bands. We report on a study of the electronic band structures of trilayers which uses ab initio density-functional theory and k.p theory to fit the parameters of a pi-band tight-binding model. We find that when remote interlayer hopping is retained, the triple Dirac point of the simplified model is split into three single Dirac points located along the three KM directions. External potential differences between top and bottom layers are strongly screened by charge transfer within the trilayer but still open an energy gap at overall neutrality. C1 [Zhang, Fan; MacDonald, A. H.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Sahu, Bhagawan] Univ Texas Austin, Microelect Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Min, Hongki] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Min, Hongki] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhang, F (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM zhangfan@physics.utexas.edu RI Zhang, Fan/E-7183-2014; OI Zhang, Fan/0000-0003-4623-4200; Min, Hongki/0000-0001-5043-2432 FU Welch Foundation; NSF [DMR-0606489, TG-DMR090095]; DOE [DE-FG03-02ER45985]; NRI; NIST-CNST/UMD-NanoCenter Cooperative Agreement FX Work by F.Z. and A. H. M. was supported by the Welch Foundation, by the NSF under Grant No. DMR-0606489, and by the DOE under Grant No. DE-FG03-02ER45985. F.Z., B. S., and A. H. M. acknowledge financial support from the NRI-SWAN program. Work done by H. M. has been supported in part by the NIST-CNST/UMD-NanoCenter Cooperative Agreement. We acknowledge the allocation of computing time on NSF Teragrid machine Ranger (Grant No. TG-DMR090095) at the Texas Advanced Computing Center. The authors thank J. J. McClelland, M. D. Stiles, and E. J. Cockayne for their valuable comments. NR 50 TC 149 Z9 149 U1 4 U2 53 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 9 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 3 AR 035409 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.035409 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 622TE UT WOS:000279687700001 ER PT J AU Huh, JY Walker, ARH Ro, HW Obrzut, J Mansfield, E Geiss, R Fagan, JA AF Huh, Ji Yeon Walker, Angela R. Hight Ro, Hyun Wook Obrzut, Jan Mansfield, Elisabeth Geiss, Roy Fagan, Jeffrey A. TI Separation and Characterization of Double-Wall Carbon Nanotube Subpopulations SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; SINGLE-WALL; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; KATAURA PLOT; LENGTH; SPECTROSCOPY; EMISSION AB Surfactant-encapsulated double-wall carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) synthesized by the high-pressure carbon monoxide decomposition (HiPco) process were separated by length and electronic characteristics using density gradient ultracentrifugation (DGU). To ensure our study focuses only on the behavior of DWCNTs, dispersed DWCNTs were first isolated following the method of Green et al. [Green, A. A.; Hersam, M. C. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2008, 264, 1], utilizing the differences in buoyant density of DWCNTs from that of impurity single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multiwall carbon nanotubes contained in the parent soot. By increasing the density difference between the nanotubes and the density gradient medium, we exploited the length-dependent translation of the nanotubes in response to applied centrifugation to isolate narrow length distribution DWCNT fractions. The length-dependent intrinsic optical response of DWCNTs is consistent compared with the previously reported values for SWCNTs. The controlled addition of cosurfactants is shown to allow resolution of DWCNTs by electronic structure, as demonstrated through optical absorbance, Raman spectra, and electrical conductivity measurements. Measurements of conducting films prepared from separated fractions exhibit significant property differences in the enriched materials. C1 [Huh, Ji Yeon; Ro, Hyun Wook; Obrzut, Jan; Fagan, Jeffrey A.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Walker, Angela R. Hight] NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mansfield, Elisabeth; Geiss, Roy] NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Fagan, JA (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeffrey.fagan@nist.gov RI Mansfield, Elisabeth/C-5258-2012; Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009; OI Mansfield, Elisabeth/0000-0003-2463-0966; Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672; Fagan, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1483-5554; Obrzut, Jan/0000-0001-6667-9712 NR 48 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JUL 8 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 26 BP 11343 EP 11351 DI 10.1021/jp9110376 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 617LL UT WOS:000279282200001 ER PT J AU Boukharouba, N Bateman, FB Carlson, AD Brient, CE Grimes, SM Massey, TN Haight, RC Carter, DE AF Boukharouba, N. Bateman, F. B. Carlson, A. D. Brient, C. E. Grimes, S. M. Massey, T. N. Haight, R. C. Carter, D. E. TI Measurement of the n-p elastic scattering angular distribution at E-n=14.9 MeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL CROSS-SECTION; NEUTRON-PROTON SCATTERING AB The relative differential cross section for the elastic scattering of neutrons by protons was measured at an incident neutron energy E-n = 14.9 MeV and for center-of-mass scattering angles ranging from about 60 degrees to 180 degrees. Angular distribution values were obtained from the normalization of the integrated data to the n-p total elastic scattering cross section. Comparisons of the normalized data to the predictions of the Arndt et al. phase-shift analysis, those of the Nijmegen group, and with the ENDF/B-VII.0 evaluation are sensitive to the value of the total elastic scattering cross section used to normalize the data. The results of a fit to a first-order Legendre polynomial expansion are in good agreement in the backward scattering hemisphere with the predictions of the Arndt et al. phase-shift analysis, those of the Nijmegen group, and to a lesser extent, with the ENDF/B-VII.0 evaluation. A fit to a second-order expansion is in better agreement with the ENDF/B-VII.0 evaluation than with the other predictions, in particular when the total elastic scattering cross section given by Arndt et al. and the Nijmegen group is used to normalize the data. A Legendre polynomial fit to the existing n-p scattering data in the 14 MeV energy region, excluding the present measurement, showed that a best fit is obtained for a second-order expansion. Furthermore, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test confirms the general agreement in the backward scattering hemisphere and shows that significant differences between the database and the predictions occur in the angular range between 60 degrees and 120 degrees and below 20 degrees. Although there is good overall agreement in the backward scattering hemisphere, more precision small-angle scattering data and a better definition of the total elastic cross section are needed for an accurate determination of the shape and magnitude of the angular distribution. C1 [Boukharouba, N.] Univ Guelma, Dept Phys, Guelma 24000, Algeria. [Bateman, F. B.; Carlson, A. D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brient, C. E.; Grimes, S. M.; Massey, T. N.] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Haight, R. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Carter, D. E.] Ohio Univ, Inst Nucl & Particle Phys, Athens, OH 45701 USA. RP Boukharouba, N (reprint author), Univ Guelma, Dept Phys, Guelma 24000, Algeria. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUL 8 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 1 AR 014001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.82.014001 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 622FY UT WOS:000279647900001 ER PT J AU Jancar, J Douglas, JF Starr, FW Kumar, SK Cassagnau, P Lesser, AJ Sternstein, SS Buehler, MJ AF Jancar, J. Douglas, J. F. Starr, F. W. Kumar, S. K. Cassagnau, P. Lesser, A. J. Sternstein, S. S. Buehler, M. J. TI Current issues in research on structure-property relationships in polymer nanocomposites SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Nanocomposite; Particle-chain interaction; Viscoelasticity; Block copolymers; Photovoltaics; Polymer brush ID TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; PHOTOINDUCED ELECTRON-TRANSFER; GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; SURFACE-INITIATED POLYMERIZATIONS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; NANOTUBE-EPOXY COMPOSITES; BLOCK-COPOLYMER FILMS; INTERMEDIATE-FILAMENTS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; NANOPARTICLE DISPERSION AB The understanding of the basic physical relationships between nano-scale structural variables and the macroscale properties of polymer nanocomposites remains in its infancy. The primary objective of this article is to ascertain the state of the art regarding the understanding and prediction of the macroscale properties of polymers reinforced with nanometer-sized solid inclusions over a wide temperature range. We emphasize that the addition of nanoparticles with large specific surface area to polymer matrices leads to amplification of a number of rather distinct molecular processes resulting from interactions between chains and solid surfaces. This results in a "non-classical" response of these systems to mechanical and electro-optical excitations when measured on the macroscale. For example, nanoparticles are expected to be particularly effective at modifying the intrinsic nano-scale dynamic heterogeneity of polymeric glass-formation and, correspondingly, recent simulations indicate that both the strength of particle interaction with the polymer matrix and the particle concentration can substantially influence the dynamic fragility of polymer glass-formation, a measure of the strength of the temperature dependence of the viscosity or structural relaxation time. Another basic characteristic of nanoparticles in polymer matrices is the tendency for the particles to associate into extended structures that can dominate the rheological, viscoelastic and mechanical properties of the nanocomposite so that thermodynamic factors that effect nanoparticle dispersion can be crucially important. Opportunities to exploit knowledge gained from understanding biomechanics of hierarchical biological protein materials and potential applications in materials design and nanotechnology are among future research challenges. Research on nanocomposites formed from block copolymers and nanoparticles offers huge promise in molecular electronics and photovoltaics. The surface functionalization of nanoparticles by the grafting of polymer brushes is expected to play important role in the designing of novel organic/inorganic nanocomposite materials. The formation of bulk heterojunctions at the nanometer scale leads to efficient dissociation of the charge pairs generated under sunlight. Based on the presentations and discussion, we make recommendations for future work in this area by the physics, chemistry, and engineering communities. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jancar, J.] Brno Univ Technol, Brno, Czech Republic. [Buehler, M. J.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Douglas, J. F.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Kumar, S. K.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Cassagnau, P.] Univ Lyon, Lyon, France. [Starr, F. W.] Wesleyan Univ, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. [Lesser, A. J.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Sternstein, S. S.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12181 USA. RP Jancar, J (reprint author), Brno Univ Technol, Brno, Czech Republic. EM jancar@fch.vutbr.cz RI CASSAGNAU, Philippe/F-7158-2011; Starr, Francis/C-7703-2012; Jancar, Josef/E-3360-2012; Buehler, Markus/C-4580-2008 OI Buehler, Markus/0000-0002-4173-9659 FU Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport [MSM0021630501] FX Thanks to all the participants of the meeting for very lively and stimulating discussion. The participants thank especially to Josef Jancar for arranging the meeting and his warm hospitality. Funding under MSM0021630501 from the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport sis greatly appreciated. NR 187 TC 305 Z9 307 U1 58 U2 446 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JUL 8 PY 2010 VL 51 IS 15 BP 3321 EP 3343 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.04.074 PG 23 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 623QD UT WOS:000279756000001 ER PT J AU Kearns, KL Whitaker, KR Ediger, MD Huth, H Schick, C AF Kearns, Kenneth L. Whitaker, Katherine R. Ediger, M. D. Huth, Heiko Schick, Christoph TI Observation of low heat capacities for vapor-deposited glasses of indomethacin as determined by AC nanocalorimetry SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THIN POLYMER-FILMS; TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; KINETIC STABILITY; STABLE GLASSES; COOLING RATE; 360 K; LIQUID; DYNAMICS; BEHAVIOR AB Highly stable glass films of indomethacin (IMC) with thicknesses ranging from 75 to 2900 nm were prepared by physical vapor deposition. Alternating current (AC) nanocalorimetry was used to evaluate the heat capacity and kinetic stability of the glasses as a function of thickness. Glasses deposited at a substrate temperature of 0.84T(g) displayed heat capacities that were approximately 19 J/(mol K) (4.5%) lower than glasses deposited at T(g) (315 K) or the ordinary glass prepared by cooling the liquid. This difference in heat capacity was observed over the entire thickness range and is significantly larger than the similar to 2 J/(mol K) (0.3%) difference previously observed between aged and ordinary glasses. The vapor-deposited glasses were isothermally transformed into the supercooled liquid above T(g). Glasses with low heat capacities exhibited high kinetic stability. The transformation time increased by an order of magnitude as the film thickness increased from 75 to 600 nm and was independent of film thickness for the thickest films. We interpret these results to indicate that the transformation of stable glass into supercooled liquid can occur by either a surface-initiated or bulk mechanism. In these experiments, the structural relaxation time of the IMC supercooled liquid was observed to be nearly independent of sample thickness. (c) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3442416] C1 [Kearns, Kenneth L.; Whitaker, Katherine R.; Ediger, M. D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Huth, Heiko; Schick, Christoph] Univ Rostock, Inst Phys, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. RP Kearns, KL (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ediger@chem.wisc.edu RI Huth, Heiko/K-5449-2012; Schick, Christoph/C-1154-2009 OI Schick, Christoph/0000-0001-6736-5491 FU U.S. National Science Foundation; German Science Foundation [CHE-0724062, DFG-SCHI 331 14-1]; National Science Foundation [CHE-0605136] FX We gratefully acknowledge joint funding from the U.S. National Science Foundation and the German Science Foundation (Grant Nos. CHE-0724062 and DFG-SCHI 331 14-1, respectively). K.L.K., K.R.W., and M.D.E. also acknowledge additional funding from the National Science Foundation (Grant No. CHE-0605136). NR 66 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 32 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 7 PY 2010 VL 133 IS 1 AR 014702 DI 10.1063/1.3442416 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 622DU UT WOS:000279640600028 PM 20614979 ER PT J AU Houart, R Moffitt, R AF Houart, Roland Moffitt, Robert TI A new Scabrotrophon (Gastropoda: Muricidae) from Hawaii and discussion about the generic classification of Boreotrophon kamchatkanus Dall, 1902, a related species SO NAUTILUS LA English DT Article AB A small muricid collected at 414 m off the Hawaiian Island of Oahu is described and compared, on the basis of shell characters only, with a syntype and two other specimens of Scabrotrophon kamchatkanus (Dall, 1902) (new combination) from the Northern Pacific. SEM images of the operculum, radula, and of the penis are illustrated for the new species. C1 [Houart, Roland] Inst Royal Sci Nat Belgique, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. [Moffitt, Robert] Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr PIFSC, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Houart, R (reprint author), Inst Royal Sci Nat Belgique, Rue Vautier 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. EM roland.houart@skynet.be; robert.moffitt@noaa.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BAILEY-MATTHEWS SHELL MUSEUM PI SANIBEL PA C/O DR JOSE H LEAL, ASSOCIATE/MANAGING EDITOR, 3075 SANIBEL-CAPTIVA RD, SANIBEL, FL 33957 USA SN 0028-1344 J9 NAUTILUS JI Nautilus PD JUL 7 PY 2010 VL 124 IS 2 BP 112 EP 116 PG 5 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 628AK UT WOS:000280086200006 ER PT J AU VanDevender, AP Colombe, Y Amini, J Leibfried, D Wineland, DJ AF VanDevender, A. P. Colombe, Y. Amini, J. Leibfried, D. Wineland, D. J. TI Efficient Fiber Optic Detection of Trapped Ion Fluorescence SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE ATOMS; CAVITY; PHOTONS; CHIP AB Integration of fiber optics may play a critical role in the development of quantum information processors based on trapped ions and atoms by enabling scalable collection and delivery of light and coupling trapped ions to optical microcavities. We trap (24)Mg(+) ions in a surface-electrode Paul trap that includes an integrated optical fiber for detecting 280-nm fluorescence photons. The collection numerical aperture is 0.37, and total collection efficiency is 2.1%. The ion can be positioned between 80 and 100 mu m from the tip of the fiber by use of an adjustable rf pseudopotential. C1 [VanDevender, A. P.; Colombe, Y.; Amini, J.; Leibfried, D.; Wineland, D. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP VanDevender, AP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div 847-10,325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM aaron.vandevender@nist.gov FU DARPA; NSA; ONR; IARPA; NIST FX This work was supported by DARPA, NSA, ONR, IARPA, and the NIST Quantum Information Program. We thank Sandia National Labs for performing the focused ion beam step of our trap fabrication. We also thank J. Bollinger and C. Ospelkaus for their assistance with the experimental apparatus and R. Schmied and U. Warring for helpful comments on the manuscript. Contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology; not subject to U.S. copyright. Any mention of commercial products is for information only; it does not imply recommendation or endorsement by NIST. NR 32 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 7 PY 2010 VL 105 IS 2 AR 023001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.023001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 621TZ UT WOS:000279608600001 PM 20867706 ER PT J AU Pease, LF Tsai, DH Hertz, JL Zangmeister, RA Zachariah, MR Tarlov, MJ AF Pease, Leonard F., III Tsai, De-Hao Hertz, Joshua L. Zangmeister, Rebecca A. Zachariah, Michael R. Tarlov, Michael J. TI Packing and Size Determination of Colloidal Nanoclusters SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL MOBILITY ANALYSIS; PROTEIN COMPLEXES; LIGHT-SCATTERING; VIRUSES; AGGREGATION; PARTICLES; KINETICS; NANOPARTICLES; MICROSPHERES; SPECTROMETRY AB Here we demonstrate a rapid and quantitative means to characterize the size and packing structure of small clusters of nanoparticles in colloidal suspension. Clustering and aggregation play important roles in a wide variety of phenomena of both scientific and technical importance, yet characterizing the packing of nanoparticles within small clusters and predicting their aerodynamic size remains challenging because available techniques can lack adequate resolution and sensitivity for clusters smaller than 100 nm (optical techniques), perturb the packing arrangement (electron microscopies), or provide only an ensemble average (light scattering techniques). In this article, we use electrospray-differential mobility analysis (ES-DMA), a technique that exerts electrical and drag forces on the clusters, to determine the size and packing of small clusters. We provide an analytical model to determine the mobility size of various packing geometries based on the projected area of the clusters. Data for clusters aggregated from nominally 10 nm gold particles and nonenveloped viruses of various sizes show good agreement between measured and predicted cluster sizes for close-packed spheres. C1 [Pease, Leonard F., III; Tsai, De-Hao; Hertz, Joshua L.; Zangmeister, Rebecca A.; Zachariah, Michael R.; Tarlov, Michael J.] NIST, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pease, Leonard F., III] Univ Utah, Dept Chem Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Tsai, De-Hao; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem & Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hertz, Joshua L.] Univ Delaware, Dept Mech Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Pease, LF (reprint author), NIST, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM pease@eng.utah.edu; mrz@umd.edu; mtarlov@nist.gov RI Hertz, Joshua/B-7239-2012; Tsai, De-Hao/K-6702-2012; Zangmeister, Rebecca/D-6641-2017 OI Hertz, Joshua/0000-0003-0650-5141; Tsai, De-Hao/0000-0002-2669-3007; Zangmeister, Rebecca/0000-0002-0540-6240 FU National Research Council FX L.F.P. acknowledges support of a post-doctoral fellowship through the National Research Council. The authors also thank David L. Lahr and Richard E. Cavicchi for helpful discussions. NR 41 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUL 6 PY 2010 VL 26 IS 13 BP 11384 EP 11390 DI 10.1021/la100839t PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 616VX UT WOS:000279239900133 PM 20481487 ER PT J AU Hong, JS Stavis, SM Lacerda, SHD Locascio, LE Raghavan, SR Gaitan, M AF Hong, Jennifer S. Stavis, Samuel M. Lacerda, Silvia H. DePaoli Locascio, Laurie E. Raghavan, Srinivasa R. Gaitan, Michael TI Microfluidic Directed Self-Assembly of Liposome-Hydrogel Hybrid Nanoparticles SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID MULTIANGLE LIGHT-SCATTERING; DRUG-DELIVERY; IN-VITRO; NANOGELS; SIZE; DEVICE; POLY(N-ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE); FRACTIONATION; CYTOTOXICITY; MONODISPERSE AB We present a microfluidic method to direct the self-assembly of temperature-sensitive liposome-hydrogel hybrid nanoparticles. Our approach yields nanoparticles with structural properties and highly monodisperse size distributions precisely controlled across a broad range relevant to the targeted delivery and controlled release of encapsulated therapeutic agents. We used microfluidic hydrodynamic focusing to control the convective-diffusive mixing of two miscible nanoparticle precursor solutions (a DPPC:cholesterol:DCP phospholipid formulation in isopropanol and a photopolymerizable N-isopropylacrylamide mixture in aqueous butler) to form nanoscale lipid vesicles with encapsulated hydrogel precursors. These precursor nanoparticles were collected off-chip and were irradiated with ultraviolet (UV) light in bulk to polymerize the nanoparticle interiors into hydrogel cores. Multiangle laser light scattering in conjunction with asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation was used to characterize nanoparticle size distributions, which spanned the approximate to 150 to approximate to 300 nm diameter range as controlled by microfluidic mixing conditions, with a polydispersity of approximate to 3% to approximate to 5% (relative standard deviation). Transmission electron microscopy was then used to confirm the spherical shape and core-shell composition of the hybrid nanoparticles. This method may be extended to the directed self-assembly of other similar cross-linked hybrid nanoparticle systems with engineered size/structure-function relationships for practical use in healthcare and life science applications. C1 [Hong, Jennifer S.; Stavis, Samuel M.; Gaitan, Michael] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Locascio, Laurie E.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hong, Jennifer S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Raghavan, Srinivasa R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lacerda, Silvia H. DePaoli] US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Hong, JS (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Jennifer.hong@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); NSF FX This research was performed while SMS held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Device fabrication was performed in part at the Cornell Nanoscale Science and Technology Facility (CNF), a member of the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network supported by the NSF, and in part at the NisT Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (CNST). The authors thank the CNF and CNST staff for assistance with device fabrication, Wyatt Vreeland from the NIST Biochemical Science Division for use of the AF4-MALLS instrumentation, and Jon Geist and Darwin Reyes from the NIST Semiconductor Electronics Division for helpful discussions. NR 43 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 7 U2 107 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUL 6 PY 2010 VL 26 IS 13 BP 11581 EP 11588 DI 10.1021/la100879p PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 616VX UT WOS:000279239900161 PM 20429539 ER PT J AU Reiner, JE Kasianowicz, JJ Nablo, BJ Robertson, JWF AF Reiner, Joseph E. Kasianowicz, John J. Nablo, Brian J. Robertson, Joseph W. F. TI Theory for polymer analysis using nanopore-based single-molecule mass spectrometry SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE alpha-hemolysin; nanopore-based sensing; polymer confinement; polymer analysis ID ALPHA-HEMOLYSIN CHANNEL; ION-CHANNEL; PROTEIN PORE; DYNAMICS; TRANSPORT; DISCRIMINATION; PEPTIDES; SENSORS; RADIUS AB Nanometer-scale pores have demonstrated potential for the electrical detection, quantification, and characterization of molecules for biomedical applications and the chemical analysis of polymers. Despite extensive research in the nanopore sensing field, there is a paucity of theoretical models that incorporate the interactions between chemicals (i.e., solute, solvent, analyte, and nanopore). Here, we develop a model that simultaneously describes both the current blockade depth and residence times caused by individual poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) molecules in a single a-hemolysin ion channel. Modeling polymer-cation binding leads to a description of two significant effects: a reduction in the mobile cation concentration inside the pore and an increase in the affinity between the polymer and the pore. The model was used to estimate the free energy of formation for K+-PEG inside the nanopore (approximate to-49.7 meV) and the free energy of PEG partitioning into the nanopore (approximate to 0.76 meV per ethylene glycol monomer). The results suggest that rational, physical models for the analysis of analyte-nanopore interactions will develop the full potential of nanopore-based sensing for chemical and biological applications. C1 [Reiner, Joseph E.; Kasianowicz, John J.; Nablo, Brian J.; Robertson, Joseph W. F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Reiner, JE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.reiner@nist.gov; joseph.robertson@nist.gov RI Reiner, Joseph/B-7893-2013; OI Reiner, Joseph/0000-0002-1056-8703 FU NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards; NIST Office of Microelectronics FX Henry White provided helpful instructions for working with conical glass pores and generously donated glass nanopore supports. We thank Electronic Biosciences, LLC, for building a high-impedance amplifier and data acquisition system for our laboratory under a National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Small Business Innovation Research grant. This work was sponsored in part by grants from the NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards and NIST Office of Microelectronics Projects. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this work to specify the experimental procedure adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by NIST, nor is it intended to imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for this purpose. NR 42 TC 94 Z9 94 U1 4 U2 22 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 6 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 27 BP 12080 EP 12085 DI 10.1073/pnas.1002194107 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 621JI UT WOS:000279572100009 PM 20566890 ER PT J AU Holmes, GA Kim, JH Leigh, S McDonough, W AF Holmes, Gale A. Kim, Jae Hyun Leigh, Stefan McDonough, Walter TI The Single Fiber Composite Test: A Comparison of E-Glass Fiber Fragmentation Data with Statistical Theories SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE glass fibers; polymer-matrix composites (PMCS); fragmentation; interface; statistics ID FILAMENT COMPOSITE; STRESS TRANSFER; STRENGTH; INTERFACE AB The exact theories advanced by Curtin(6) and Hui et al.(7) to describe the fiber break evolution process in single fiber composites are found to be incorrect when compared with experimental data. In contrast to theoretical predictions where the matrix is assumed to be elastic perfectly plastic, experimental data indicate that the sizes of the fragment lengths that survive to saturation decrease as the strain is increased. It is also shown that the break locations at saturation are uniform along the length of the fiber specimens, with the uniformity apparently being independent of interfacial shear strength, fiber type, matrix type, and fiber-fiber interactions. The theory of uniform spacings gives an explicit distribution function for the ordered fragment lengths. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 117: 509-516, 2010 C1 [Holmes, Gale A.; Kim, Jae Hyun; Leigh, Stefan; McDonough, Walter] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Holmes, GA (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gale.holmes@nist.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD JUL 5 PY 2010 VL 117 IS 1 BP 509 EP 516 DI 10.1002/app.31002 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 594GF UT WOS:000277523500063 ER PT J AU Buckler, AJ Schwartz, LH Petrick, N McNitt-Gray, M Zhao, B Fenimore, C Reeves, AP Mozley, PD Avila, RS AF Buckler, A. J. Schwartz, L. H. Petrick, N. McNitt-Gray, M. Zhao, B. Fenimore, C. Reeves, A. P. Mozley, P. D. Avila, R. S. TI Data sets for the qualification of volumetric CT as a quantitative imaging biomarker in lung cancer SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID TUMOR RESPONSE; INTRAOBSERVER VARIABILITY; PULMONARY NODULES; TRUTH DATA; THERAPY; ERROR; INTEROBSERVER; CRITERIA; PHANTOM; TRIALS AB The drug development industry is faced with increasing costs and decreasing success rates. New ways to understand biology as well as the increasing interest in personalized treatments for smaller patient segments requires new capabilities for the rapid assessment of treatment responses. Deployment of qualified imaging biomarkers lags apparent technology capabilities. The lack of consensus methods and qualification evidence needed for large-scale multi-center trials, as well as the standardization that allows them, are widely acknowledged to be the limiting factors. The current fragmentation in imaging vendor offerings, coupled with the independent activities of individual biopharmaceutical companies and their contract research organizations (CROs), may stand in the way of the greater opportunity were these efforts to be drawn together. A preliminary report, "Volumetric CT: a potential biomarker of response," of the Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers Alliance (QIBA) activity was presented at the Medical Imaging Continuum: Path Forward for Advancing the Uses of Medical Imaging in the Development of New Biopharmaceutical Products meeting of the Extended Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) Imaging Group sponsored by the Drug Information Agency (DIA) in October 2008. The clinical context in Lung Cancer and a methodology for approaching the qualification of volumetric CT as a biomarker has since been reported [Acad. Radiol. 17, 100-106, 107-115 (2010)]. This report reviews the effort to collect and utilize publicly available data sets to provide a transparent environment in which to pursue the qualification activities in such a way as to allow independent peer review and verification of results. This article focuses specifically on our role as stewards of image sets for developing new tools. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Buckler, A. J.] Buckler Biomed LLC, Wenham, MA USA. [Schwartz, L. H.; Zhao, B.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Petrick, N.] US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Silver Spring, MD USA. [McNitt-Gray, M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Fenimore, C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Reeves, A. P.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Mozley, P. D.] Merck Res Labs, West Point, PA USA. [Avila, R. S.] Kitware Inc, Clifton Pk, NY USA. RP Buckler, AJ (reprint author), Buckler Biomed LLC, Wenham, MA USA. EM andrew@bucklerbiomedical.com OI Buckler, Andrew/0000-0002-0786-4835; McNItt-Gray, Michael/0000-0003-3004-4613 FU NCI; CDRH/NIBIB Laboratory for the Assessment of Medical Imaging Systems (LAMIS) FX Many members of our Technical Committee have made substantial contributions to the work described in this report. We would like to specifically acknowledge the following people in addition to the authors (alphabetically): Robert Ford (RadPharm), David Gustafson (Intio), Philip F. Judy (NLST), Matthias Thorn (Siemens Healthcare), James Mulshine (Rush), Daniel Nicolson (Definiens), Kevin O'Donnell (Toshiba), and Daniel C. Sullivan (Duke University and Scientific Advisor to RSNA). Linda Bresolin, Joseph Koudelik, and Fiona Miller of the RSNA organized each meeting, kept our records, and built the contents of our wiki. We would further like to acknowledge the support of the NCI Cancer Imaging Program, its RIDER Project (http://imaging.cancer.gov/reportsandpublications/ReportsandPresentation s/LungImaging/), and the CDRH/NIBIB Laboratory for the Assessment of Medical Imaging Systems (LAMIS) (http://www.nibib.nih.gov/Research/Intramural/LAMIS) NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUL 5 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 14 BP 15267 EP 15282 DI 10.1364/OE.18.015267 PG 16 WC Optics SC Optics GA 622DN UT WOS:000279639900099 PM 20640013 ER PT J AU Ming, Y Ramaswamy, V Persad, G AF Ming, Yi Ramaswamy, V. Persad, Geeta TI Two opposing effects of absorbing aerosols on global-mean precipitation SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; RESPONSES; CLOUDS; MODEL AB Absorbing aerosols affect global-mean precipitation primarily in two ways. They give rise to stronger shortwave atmospheric heating, which acts to suppress precipitation. Depending on the top-of-the-atmosphere radiative flux change, they can also warm up the surface with a tendency to increase precipitation. Here, we present a theoretical framework that takes into account both effects, and apply it to analyze the hydrological responses to increased black carbon burden simulated with a general circulation model. It is found that the damping effect of atmospheric heating can outweigh the enhancing effect of surface warming, resulting in a net decrease in precipitation. The implications for moist convection and general circulation are discussed. Citation: Ming, Y., V. Ramaswamy, and G. Persad (2010), Two opposing effects of absorbing aerosols on global-mean precipitation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L13701, doi:10.1029/2010GL042895. C1 [Ming, Yi; Ramaswamy, V.; Persad, Geeta] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Persad, Geeta] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Ming, Y (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM yi.ming@noaa.gov RI Ming, Yi/F-3023-2012 FU NOAA's Oce of Education FX G.P. was supported by the Ernest F. Hollings Undergraduate Scholarship Program, administered by NOAA's Oce of Education. NR 20 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 2 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L13701 DI 10.1029/2010GL042895 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 620KO UT WOS:000279498700002 ER PT J AU Hawkins, LN Russell, LM Covert, DS Quinn, PK Bates, TS AF Hawkins, L. N. Russell, L. M. Covert, D. S. Quinn, P. K. Bates, T. S. TI Carboxylic acids, sulfates, and organosulfates in processed continental organic aerosol over the southeast Pacific Ocean during VOCALS-REx 2008 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; TO-AIR TRANSFER; MASS-SPECTROMETER; ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES; PARTICULATE MATTER; FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS; AMBIENT AEROSOL; MEXICO-CITY; SECONDARY AB Submicron particles were collected on board the NOAA R/V Ronald H. Brown during the VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx) in the southeast Pacific marine boundary layer in October and November 2008. The aerosol in this region was characterized by low numbers of particles (150-700 cm(-3)) that were dominated by sulfate ions at concentrations of 0.9 +/- 0.7 mu g m(-3) and organic mass at 0.6 +/- 0.4 mu g m(-3), with no measurable nitrate and low ammonium ion concentrations. Measurements of submicron organic aerosol functional groups and trace elements show that continental outflow of anthropogenic emissions is the dominant source of organic mass (OM) to the southeast Pacific with an additional, smaller contribution of organic mass from primary marine sources. This continental source is supported by a correlation between OM and radon. Saturated aliphatic C-CH (alkane) composed 41 +/- 27% of OM. Carboxylic acid COOH (32 +/- 23% of OM) was observed in single particles internally mixed with ketonic carbonyl, carbonate, and potassium. Organosulfate COSO3 (4 +/- 8% of OM) was observed only during the periods of highest organic and sulfate concentrations and lowest ammonium concentrations, consistent with a sulfuric acid epoxide hydrolysis for proposed surrogate compounds (e. g., isoprene oxidation products) or reactive glyoxal uptake mechanisms from laboratory studies. This correlation suggests that in high-sulfate, low-ammonium conditions, the formation of organosulfate compounds in the atmosphere contributes a significant fraction of aerosol OM (up to 13% in continental air masses). Organic hydroxyl C-OH composed 20 +/- 12% of OM and up to 50% of remote marine OM and was inversely correlated with radon indicating a marine source. A two-factor solution of positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis resulted in one factor dominated by organic hydroxyl (>70% by mass) and one factor dominated by saturated aliphatic C-CH (alkane) and carboxylic acid (together, 90% by mass), identified as the marine and combustion factors, respectively. Measurements of particle concentrations in the study region compared with concentrations estimated from MODIS aerosol optical depth indicate that continental outflow results in MBL particle concentrations elevated up to 2 times the background level (less than 300 cm(-3)) away from shore and up to 10 times the background level at the coast. The presence of both coastal fossil fuel combustion and marine sources of oxygenated organic aerosol results in little change in the oxygenated fraction and oxygen to carbon ratio (O/C) along the outflow of the region's dominant organic particle source. C1 [Hawkins, L. N.; Russell, L. M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Covert, D. S.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Quinn, P. K.; Bates, T. S.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hawkins, LN (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM lmrussell@ucsd.edu RI Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 FU NSF [ATM-0744636]; NOAA Climate Project Office FX This work was supported by NSF grant ATM-0744636. P.K.Q., T.S.B., and D.S.C. were supported by the NOAA Climate Project Office, Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program. The authors would like to acknowledge Shang Liu for analysis of single particles by STXM-NEXAFS and Satoshi Takahama for technical assistance with STXM and PMF analyses. We would also like to thank Derek Coffman, James Johnson, and Catherine Hoyle for their assistance in sample collection and analysis as well as the captain and crew of the NOAA R/V Ronald H. Brown for their support in the field. NR 82 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 2 U2 60 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 2 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D13201 DI 10.1029/2009JD013276 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 620TT UT WOS:000279523700001 ER PT J AU Lubken, FJ Austin, J Langematz, U Oberheide, J AF Luebken, F.-J. Austin, J. Langematz, U. Oberheide, J. TI Introduction to special section on Climate and Weather of the Sun Earth System SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article AB In the special section on CAWSES (Climate and Weather of the Sun Earth System) a total of 19 papers are published covering several aspects of Sun-Earth coupling. Six papers concentrate on summer mesospheric ice clouds including detection by satellites, radar based derivation of particle properties, and water vapor observations in the mesosphere. Solar radiation affects ice clouds on time scales of the 11 year solar cycle and 27 days. Stratospheric shrinking contributes significantly to long-term trends of ice clouds. The seasonal variability of smoke particles is confirmed to be impacted by global circulation. Six papers address the external forcing of the atmosphere caused by the Sun. The relevance of radionuclei and solar radiation spectral irradiance is presented. The impact of precipitating energetic solar particles on trace gas concentrations is studied. Ion chemistry and electron production can be important to destroy ozone in the mesosphere and upper stratosphere. Strong solar events can reduce ice clouds on short time scales owing to dynamical feed back mechanisms. The 27 day solar signal is identified in ozone concentration using satellite measurements. Model studies show that the dynamical response of the stratospheric polar vortex to solar cycle forcing depends on the phase of the quasi-biennial oscillation. The year 2009 was a remarkable exception from this rule reinforcing natural variability. Regarding centennial time scales it is shown that changes in the stratosphere can influence tropospheric circulation. Tides have extensively been studied within CAWSES. As is demonstrated, nonmigrating tides originating in the troposphere can propagate into the thermosphere. C1 [Luebken, F.-J.] Univ Rostock, Leibniz Inst Atmospher Phys, D-18225 Kuhlungsborn, Germany. [Austin, J.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Austin, J.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Langematz, U.] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Meteorol, D-12165 Berlin, Germany. [Oberheide, J.] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Lubken, FJ (reprint author), Univ Rostock, Leibniz Inst Atmospher Phys, Schloss Str 6, D-18225 Kuhlungsborn, Germany. EM luebken@iap-kborn.de RI Oberheide, Jens/C-6156-2011 OI Oberheide, Jens/0000-0001-6721-2540 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 2 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D00I19 DI 10.1029/2009JD013784 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 620TT UT WOS:000279523700002 ER PT J AU Searles, TA Imanaka, Y Takamasu, T Ajiki, H Fagan, JA Hobbie, EK Kono, J AF Searles, T. A. Imanaka, Y. Takamasu, T. Ajiki, H. Fagan, J. A. Hobbie, E. K. Kono, J. TI Large Anisotropy in the Magnetic Susceptibility of Metallic Carbon Nanotubes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELDS AB Through magnetic linear dichroism spectroscopy, the magnetic susceptibility anisotropy of metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes has been extracted and found to be 2-4 times greater than values for semiconducting nanotubes. This large anisotropy can be understood in terms of large orbital paramagnetism of metallic nanotubes arising from the Aharonov-Bohm-phase-induced gap opening in a parallel field, and our calculations quantitatively reproduce these results. We also compare our values with previous work for semiconducting nanotubes, which confirm that the magnetic susceptibility anisotropy does not increase linearly with the diameter for small-diameter nanotubes. C1 [Searles, T. A.; Kono, J.] Rice Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Imanaka, Y.; Takamasu, T.] Natl Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050003, Japan. [Ajiki, H.] Osaka Univ, Photon Pioneers Ctr, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. [Fagan, J. A.; Hobbie, E. K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kono, J (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM kono@rice.edu RI Hobbie, Erik/C-8269-2013; OI Fagan, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1483-5554 FU DOE-BES [DE-FG02-06ER46308]; NSF [OISE-0530220]; Robert A. Welch Foundation [C-1509]; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan [19054013] FX This work was supported by the DOE-BES (Grant No. DE-FG02-06ER46308), the NSF (Grant No. OISE-0530220), the Robert A. Welch Foundation (Grant No. C-1509), and Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research under Grant No. 19054013 from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. We thank Noe Alvarez and Ajit Srivastava for their help with atomic force microscope length measurements and data analysis, respectively. This work is an official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology and not subject to copyright in the United States. NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 2 PY 2010 VL 105 IS 1 AR 017403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.017403 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 620FX UT WOS:000279485600001 PM 20867476 ER PT J AU Arimondo, E Clark, CW Martin, WC AF Arimondo, E. Clark, Charles W. Martin, W. C. TI Colloquium: Ettore Majorana and the birth of autoionization SO REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DOUBLY-EXCITED HELIUM; ABSORPTION-LINE PROFILES; ARC SPECTRUM; NEUTRAL HELIUM; ENERGY-STATES; EXCITATION; ELECTRON; ZINC; CONFIGURATION; RESONANCES AB In some of the first applications of modern quantum mechanics to the spectroscopy of many-electron atoms, Ettore Majorana in 1931 solved several outstanding problems by developing the theory of autoionization. Later literature makes only sporadic references to this accomplishment. After reviewing his work in its contemporary context, we describe subsequent developments in understanding the spectra treated by Majorana and extensions of his theory to other areas of physics. Several puzzles are found concerning the treatment of Majorana's work in the subsequent literature and the way in which the modern theory of autoionization was developed. C1 [Arimondo, E.; Clark, Charles W.; Martin, W. C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Arimondo, E (reprint author), Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis E Fermi, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. EM arimondo@df.unipi.it; charles.clark@nist.gov; wmartin@nist.gov RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009 OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885 NR 87 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0034-6861 J9 REV MOD PHYS JI Rev. Mod. Phys. PD JUL 2 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 3 BP 1947 EP 1958 DI 10.1103/RevModPhys.82.1947 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 620GX UT WOS:000279488200001 ER PT J AU Chen, KS Crone, PR Hsu, CC AF Chen, K. -S. Crone, P. R. Hsu, C. -C. TI Reproductive biology of albacore Thunnus alalunga SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE batch fecundity; North Pacific; oogenesis; sexual maturity; spawning frequency; spermatogenesis ID PACIFIC-OCEAN; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; BLUEFIN TUNA AB Reproductive variables in albacore Thunnus alalunga were evaluated by gonad histology in samples of 132 males (58-118 cm fork length, L-F) and 112 females (59-101 cm L-F) that were collected from the western North Pacific Ocean from 2001 to 2006. In the sex ratio examination, males greatly outnumbered females in large adult fish (L-F > 100 cm). Thunnus alalunga exhibited a protracted spawning period from March to September in the waters off eastern Taiwan and the Philippines, and the peak spawning activity occurred in March and April. Minimum sizes associated with the classification of mature fish were 78 and 83 cm L-F for males and females, respectively. In addition, the largest L-F of immature fish were 93 cm for males and 94 cm for females. The spawning frequency estimate in April was 1 center dot 7 days. Batch-fecundity estimates of 21 females (89-99 cm L-F) ranged between 0 center dot 17 and 1 center dot 66 million eggs (mean +/- s.d. = 0 center dot 94 +/- 0 center dot 43). The relative fecundity estimates of the 21 females ranged between 9 center dot 2 and 92 center dot 4 oocytes g-1 body mass (mean +/- s.d. = 50 center dot 5 +/- 22 center dot 8). The results presented in this study provide increased information regarding this species' reproductive-related characteristics than are currently available in stock status determinations. C1 [Chen, K. -S.; Hsu, C. -C.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Sci, Inst Oceanog, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Crone, P. R.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Hsu, CC (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Sci, Inst Oceanog, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. EM hsucc@ntu.edu.tw FU National Science Council of Taiwan [NSC90-2313-B-002-314, NSC91-2313-B-002-290, NSC92-2313-B-002-060] FX This research was supported by grants from the National Science Council of Taiwan (NSC90-2313-B-002-314; NSC91-2313-B-002-290; NSC92-2313-B-002-060) to C.-C. H. The authors thank C.-L. Chen and several anonymous captains for help in collecting albacore samples. We also thank H.-Y. Yang, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, for support regarding histological techniques. NR 31 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 77 IS 1 BP 119 EP 136 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02662.x PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 625OC UT WOS:000279903700008 PM 20646142 ER PT J AU Wong, YC Sin, DWM Yip, YC Valiente, L Toervenyi, A Wang, J Labarraque, G Gupta, P Soni, D Surmadi Hwang, E Yafa, C Cankur, O Uysal, E Turk, G Huertas, R Murphy, KE AF Wong, Y. C. Sin, D. W. M. Yip, Y. C. Valiente, L. Toervenyi, A. Wang, J. Labarraque, G. Gupta, P. Soni, D. Surmadi Hwang, E. Yafa, C. Cankur, O. Uysal, E. Turk, G. Huertas, R. Murphy, K. E. TI International comparison of the determination of cadmium and lead in herb: the Comite Consultatif pour la Quantite de Matiere (CCQM) pilot study CCQM-P97 (vol 14, pg 151, 2009) SO ACCREDITATION AND QUALITY ASSURANCE LA English DT Correction C1 [Valiente, L.] Inst Nacl Tecnol Ind, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Toervenyi, A.] IAEA, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Wang, J.] Natl Inst Metrol, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Labarraque, G.] Lab Natl Metrol & Essais, Paris, France. [Gupta, P.; Soni, D.] Natl Phys Lab India, New Delhi, India. [Surmadi] Indonesian Inst Sci, Bandung, Indonesia. [Hwang, E.] Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Taejon, South Korea. [Yafa, C.] Natl Inst Metrol Thailand, Pathum Thani, Thailand. [Cankur, O.; Uysal, E.] Tubitak Natl Metrol Inst, Gebze, Turkey. [Turk, G.; Murphy, K. E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Huertas, R.] Lab Tecnol Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay. [Wong, Y. C.; Sin, D. W. M.; Yip, Y. C.] Govt Lab, Homantin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Wong, YC (reprint author), Govt Lab, Homantin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM ycwong@govtlab.gov.hk NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-1775 J9 ACCREDIT QUAL ASSUR JI Accredit. Qual. Assur. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 15 IS 7 BP 433 EP 433 DI 10.1007/s00769-010-0681-x PG 1 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 620LM UT WOS:000279501400008 ER PT J AU Sumanasooriya, MS Bentz, DP Neithalath, N AF Sumanasooriya, Milani S. Bentz, Dale P. Neithalath, Narayanan TI Planar Image-Based Reconstruction of Pervious Concrete Pore Structure and Permeability Prediction SO ACI MATERIALS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE permeability; pervious concrete; porosity; three-dimensional reconstruction ID ENHANCED POROSITY CONCRETE; MODEL POROUS-MEDIA; FLUID PERMEABILITY; SIZE AB Transport properties of porous materials such as pervious concretes are inherently dependent on a variety of pore structure features. Empirical equations are typically used to relate the pore structure of a porous material to its permeability In this study a computational procedure is employed to predict the permeability of 12 different pervious concrete mixtures from three-dimensional (3D) material structures reconstructed from starting planar images of the original material. Two-point correlation (TPC) functions of the two-dimensional (2D) images from real pervious concrete specimens are employed along with the measured volumetric porosities in the reconstruction process. The pore structure features of the parent material and the reconstructed images are found to be similar The permeabilities predicted using Darcy's law applied to the reconstructed structures and the experimentally measured permeabilities of pervious concretes are found to be in reasonably good agreement. The 3D reconstruction process provides a relatively inexpensive method (instead of methods such as X-ray tomography) to explore the nature of the pore space in pervious concretes and predict permeability thus facilitating its use in understanding the changes in pore structure as a result of changes in mixture proportions. C1 [Sumanasooriya, Milani S.; Neithalath, Narayanan] Clarkson Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Potsdam, NY 13676 USA. [Bentz, Dale P.] NIST, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sumanasooriya, MS (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Potsdam, NY 13676 USA. RI Neithalath, Narayanan/F-8412-2014 OI Neithalath, Narayanan/0000-0002-3174-0402 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [CMMI 0747897] FX The third author gratefully acknowledges funding from a CAREER award (CMMI 0747897) from the National Science Foundation (NSF) in support of this work. The authors also extend their appreciation to O. Deo, a graduate student at Clarkson, for his help with specimen preparation. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CONCRETE INST PI FARMINGTON HILLS PA 38800 COUNTRY CLUB DR, FARMINGTON HILLS, MI 48331 USA SN 0889-325X J9 ACI MATER J JI ACI Mater. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 107 IS 4 BP 413 EP 421 PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA 636NM UT WOS:000280744000012 ER PT J AU Johnson, PM Stafford, CM AF Johnson, Peter M. Stafford, Christopher M. TI Effect of Interfacial Adhesion on Viscoelastic Relaxation Processes in Thin Polymer Film Indentation SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE creep; indentation; viscoelastic properties; interfaces; adhesion; coatings ID ELASTIC LAYER; CONTACT; TESTS AB Polymer coatings are dependent on strongly bonded buried interfaces to maintain adhesion and protective properties over long application lifetimes. In this work, we detail the detection of buried interfaces with deviations from perfect bonded or perfect slip interfaces using surface indentation on thin films with large contact areas. The interfacial interactions between photopolymerized methacrylate films and a glass substrate were tailored using silane chemistry to create an interface that either easily releases from or cross-links with the polymer network. Creep compliance measurements on the polymethacrylate films were compared with predicted contact measurements for literature models of ideal interfaces. Nonideal contributions from interfacial effects were detected during experiments with high confinement. The extent of these effects varied with polymer network structure and polymer/substrate interface strength, with fluorinated interfaces exhibiting up to a 25% increase in indentation contact area as compared to an ideal bonded indentation due to the presence of a weak interface.. The ability to probe the response of a buried interface under low indentation loads is attractive for testing and validating the interfacial properties and performance of coatings and films. This approach could be used to interrogate the fidelity of an interface in critical areas such as corrosion protection and encapsulation. C1 [Johnson, Peter M.; Stafford, Christopher M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stafford, CM (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU National Institute of Standards and Technology/National Research Council FX P.M.J. thanks the National Institute of Standards and Technology/National Research Council Post-doctoral Fellowship Program for funding. This is an official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology and is not subject to copyright in the United States. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD JUL PY 2010 VL 2 IS 7 BP 2108 EP 2115 DI 10.1021/am100369z PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 631SB UT WOS:000280367000047 ER PT J AU Zhang, XH Yager, KG Fredin, NJ Ro, HW Jones, RL Karim, A Douglas, JF AF Zhang, Xiaohua Yager, Kevin G. Fredin, Nathaniel J. Ro, Hyun Wook Jones, Ronald L. Karim, Alamgir Douglas, Jack F. TI Thermally Reversible Surface Morphology Transition in Thin Diblock Copolymer Films SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE block copolymer; thin film; surface morphology; thermal-reversible; transition ID BLOCK-COPOLYMER; MICRODOMAIN STRUCTURES; SPHERE TRANSITION; LAYER GROWTH; CYLINDER; THERMODYNAMICS; MOLECULES AB Many phase transitions exhibit ordering transitions at the boundary of the material that are distinct from its interior where intermolecular interactions can be significantly different. The present work considers the existence of a surface thermodynamic order order transition between two distinct morphologies in thin block copolymer (BCP) films that are of interest in nanomanufacturing applications. Specifically, we find a thermally reversible interfacial transition between sphere-like structures and cylinders in flow-coated films of poly(styrene-block-methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA), where the BCP forms a cylinder microphase in the bulk. We present direct evidence from atomic force microscopy (AIM) of ion-etched films and grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) on films without etching, which shows that the order order transition is restricted to the outer layer of the film, while the film interior remains in the cylinder state. Moreover, we find this order order transition to be insensitive to film thickness over the range investigated (40-170 nm). This morphological transition is of importance in characterizing the thermodynamics and dynamics of thin BCP films used as templates in nanomanufacturing applications. C1 [Zhang, Xiaohua; Yager, Kevin G.; Fredin, Nathaniel J.; Ro, Hyun Wook; Jones, Ronald L.; Karim, Alamgir; Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhang, XH (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM xiaohua.zhang@nist.gov; jack.douglas@nist.gov RI Fredin, Nathaniel/B-2890-2010; Yager, Kevin/F-9804-2011 OI Yager, Kevin/0000-0001-7745-2513 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NISI); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada; National Research Council (NRC); U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Science [W-31-109-Eng-38] FX This work was funded in part by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NISI) Office of Microelectronics Programs. K.G.Y. acknowledges the support of Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada in the form of a Postdoctoral Fellowship. N.J.F. acknowledges the support of the National Research Council (NRC)-NIST Postdoctoral Fellowship Program. We also wish to thank Joseph Strzalka for help with X-ray scattering measurements. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Science, under Contract No. W-31-109-Eng-38. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JUL PY 2010 VL 4 IS 7 BP 3653 EP 3660 DI 10.1021/nn9016586 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 631RG UT WOS:000280364800014 PM 20553019 ER PT J AU Luhmann, JG Ledvina, SA Odstrcil, D Owens, MJ Zhao, XP Liu, Y Riley, P AF Luhmann, J. G. Ledvina, S. A. Odstrcil, D. Owens, M. J. Zhao, X. -P. Liu, Yang Riley, Pete TI Cone model-based SEP event calculations for applications to multipoint observations SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Solar energetic particle events; Shock acceleration of particles; Space weather ID SOLAR-ENERGETIC PARTICLES; CORONAL MASS EJECTION; HYDROMAGNETIC WAVE EXCITATION; INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; ION-ACCELERATION; SPACE WEATHER; 1997 CME; WIND; SIMULATION AB The problem of modeling solar energetic particle (SEP) events is important to both space weather research and forecasting, and yet it has seen relatively little progress. Most important SEP events are associated with coronal mass ejections (CMEs) that drive coronal and interplanetary shocks. These shocks can continuously produce accelerated particles from the ambient medium to well beyond I AU. This paper describes an effort to model real SEP events using a Center for Integrated Space weather Modeling (CISM) MHD solar wind simulation including a cone model of CMEs to initiate the related shocks. In addition to providing observation-inspired shock geometry and characteristics, this MHD simulation describes the time-dependent observer field line connections to the shock source. As a first approximation, we assume a shock jump-parameterized source strength and spectrum, and that scatter-free transport occurs outside of the shock source, thus emphasizing the role the shock evolution plays in determining the modeled SEP event profile. Three halo CME events on May 12, 1997, November 4, 1997 and December 13, 2006 are used to test the modeling approach. While challenges arise in the identification and characterization of the shocks in the MHD model results, this approach illustrates the importance to SEP event modeling of globally simulating the underlying heliospheric event. The results also suggest the potential utility of such a model for forcasting and for interpretation of separated multipoint measurements such as those expected from the STEREO mission. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of COSPAR. C1 [Luhmann, J. G.; Ledvina, S. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Odstrcil, D.] Univ Colorado, CIRES NOAA SEC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Owens, M. J.] Boston Univ, Ctr Space Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Zhao, X. -P.; Liu, Yang] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Riley, Pete] Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Luhmann, JG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jgluhman@ssl.berkeley.edu RI Owens, Mathew/B-3006-2010; OI Owens, Mathew/0000-0003-2061-2453; Ledvina, Stephen/0000-0002-2450-775X FU NSF [ATM -0120950] FX This work was supported by the NSF STC Program through grant ATM -0120950 to Boston University (W.J. Hughes, PI) for CISM. We are grateful to Erik Wilson at BU for enabling the computational efforts, and to C.O. Lee, Yan Li, and D. Krauss-Varban at UCB for discussions related to this project. The OMNI data base is generously provided and maintained by Goddard Space Flight Center's National Space Science Data Center, thanks to the cooperation and assistance of the many contributing NASA mission investigators. NR 61 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 EI 1879-1948 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PD JUL 1 PY 2010 VL 46 IS 1 BP 1 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2010.03.011 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 616OK UT WOS:000279218500001 ER PT J AU Eberhard, WL AF Eberhard, Wynn L. TI Comment: On the different approaches of Rayleigh optical depth determination SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material DE Rayleigh scattering; Optical depth; Depolarization factor ID ROTATIONAL RAMAN-SCATTERING; FRAUNHOFER; GASES AB Srivastava et al. (2009) presented Rayleigh scattering cross-sections and optical depths for Earth's atmosphere that are approximately 3% smaller than previously accepted. Their analysis was based on quantum-mechanical theory for anisotropic scattering in the Cabannes line published in papers that seem to have introduced some confusion about determining the anisotropy and King factors. This comment clarifies these factors and shows that including the frequency-shifted rotational Raman lines gives the traditional King factor and the correct Rayleigh scattering for the optical depth. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of COSPAR. C1 NOAA, RICSD3, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Eberhard, WL (reprint author), NOAA, RICSD3, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM wynn.eberhard@noaa.gov RI Eberhard, Wynn/B-5402-2015; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PD JUL 1 PY 2010 VL 46 IS 1 BP 95 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2010.02.028 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 616OK UT WOS:000279218500011 ER PT J AU Bedner, M Sander, LC Sharpless, KE AF Bedner, Mary Sander, Lane C. Sharpless, Katherine E. TI An LC-ESI/MS method for determining theanine in green tea dietary supplements SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Theanine; Green tea; Camellia sinensis; Liquid chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Standard Reference Material ID ION-PAIRING REAGENTS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS SPECTROMETRY; CAMELLIA-SINENSIS; PURINE ALKALOIDS; REVERSED-PHASE; CATECHINS; ACID AB Theanine is the major amino acid present in Camellia sinensis or green tea. A method for determining theanine in its native state using liquid chromatography with positive-mode electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection was developed. Quantitation of theanine was achieved using theanine-[(2)H(5)] as an internal standard. This approach was utilized on different green tea matrix materials that are commonly used as dietary supplements including powdered plant leaves, a powdered plant leaf extract, and an oral dosage form that contains green tea. The theanine response was linear over several orders of magnitude, and excellent measurement precision was obtained for all three materials using the developed method. C1 [Bedner, Mary; Sander, Lane C.; Sharpless, Katherine E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bedner, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mary.bedner@nist.gov OI Sharpless, Katherine/0000-0001-6569-198X NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 397 IS 5 BP 1773 EP 1777 DI 10.1007/s00216-010-3713-9 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 611IY UT WOS:000278810000019 PM 20422160 ER PT J AU Prendergast, JL Sniegoski, LT Welch, MJ Phinney, KW AF Prendergast, Jocelyn L. Sniegoski, Lorna T. Welch, Michael J. Phinney, Karen W. TI Modifications to the NIST reference measurement procedure (RMP) for the determination of serum glucose by isotope dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Glucose; Serum; Isotope dilution; Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry; GC/MS ID CANDIDATE DEFINITIVE METHOD; MASS-SPECTROMETRY AB The definitive method (DM), now known as the reference measurement procedure (RMP), for the analysis of glucose in serum was originally published in 1982 by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Over the years the method has been subject to a number of modifications to adapt to newer technologies and simplify sample preparation. We discuss here an adaptation of the method associated with serum glucose measurements using a modified isotope dilution gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry (ID-GC/MS) method. NIST has used this modified method to certify the concentrations of glucose in SRM 965b, Glucose in Frozen Human Serum, and SRM 1950, Metabolites in Human Plasma. Comparison of results from the revised method with certified values for existing Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) demonstrated that these modifications have not affected the quality of the measurements, giving both good precision and accuracy, while reducing the sample preparation time by a day and a half. C1 [Prendergast, Jocelyn L.; Sniegoski, Lorna T.; Welch, Michael J.; Phinney, Karen W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Prendergast, JL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jocelyn.prendergast@nist.gov NR 6 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 8 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 397 IS 5 BP 1779 EP 1785 DI 10.1007/s00216-010-3710-z PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 611IY UT WOS:000278810000020 PM 20568655 ER PT J AU Lovestead, TM Bruno, TJ AF Lovestead, Tara M. Bruno, Thomas J. TI Trace Headspace Sampling for Quantitative Analysis of Explosives with Cryoadsorption on Short Alumina Porous Layer Open Tubular Columns SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; STATIONARY-PHASE; AIR; CHEMICALS; CLAY; GC; MS AB Quantitative headspace (HS) measurements have been performed on the practical industrial and military plastic bonded explosives (PBX) tagged-C-4, Semtex-1A, Semtex-H, detonating cord (detcord), and sheet explosive (Detaflex). The measurements were made by a modified purge and trap technique developed in our laboratory on the basis of cryoadsorption on short alumina-coated porous layer open tubular (PLOT) columns. Trace compounds (of both high and low volatility) were identified and quantitated as a function of HS collection temperature. The data are presented in the form of van't Hoff equations. The linear relationship of the recovered mass as a function of inverse collection temperature reveals the predictive capabilities of the methodology employed here. Knowledge of the compounds that can be detected, along with the expected concentrations to be collected, can aid in detection of explosive materials. Additionally, these data can aid in the standardization, calibration, and certification of energetic material detection devices and can aid in the training of canines for explosive detection. C1 [Lovestead, Tara M.; Bruno, Thomas J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov FU Transportation Security Laboratory, Science, and Technology Directorate; U.S. Department of Homeland Security [HSHQDC-07-X-00689] FX The funding for this work was provided by the Transportation Security Laboratory, Science, and Technology Directorate, U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS-TSL, HSHQDC-07-X-00689). T.M.L. acknowledges a Professional Research Experiences Program and a National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship, both at NIST. NR 57 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 13 BP 5621 EP 5627 DI 10.1021/ac1005926 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 617AO UT WOS:000279253300031 PM 20536184 ER PT J AU Liao, WL Heo, GY Dodder, NG Pikuleva, IA Turko, IV AF Liao, Wei-Li Heo, Gun-Young Dodder, Nathan G. Pikuleva, Irina A. Turko, Illarion V. TI Optimizing the Conditions of a Multiple Reaction Monitoring Assay for Membrane Proteins: Quantification of Cytochrome P450 11A1 and Adrenodoxin Reductase in Bovine Adrenal Cortex and Retina SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ABSOLUTE QUANTIFICATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CATALYTIC PROPERTIES; PEPTIDE STANDARDS; ISOTOPE-DILUTION; EXPRESSION; PLASMA; NEUROSTEROIDS; LOCALIZATION; PROTEOMICS AB Approximately 30% of naturally occurring proteins are predicted to be embedded in biological membranes. Nevertheless, this group of proteins is traditionally understudied due to limitations of the available analytical tools. To facilitate the analysis of membrane proteins, the analytical methods for their soluble counterparts must be optimized or modified. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) assays have proven successful for the absolute quantification of proteins and for profiling protein modifications in cell lysates and human plasma/serum but have found little application in the analysis of membrane proteins. We report on the optimization of sample preparation conditions for the quantification of two membrane proteins, cytochrome P450 11A1 (CYP11A1) and adrenodoxin reductase (AdR). These conditions can be used for the analysis of other membrane proteins. We have demonstrated that membrane proteins that are tightly associated with the membrane, such as CYP11A1, can be quantified in the total tissue membrane pellet obtained after high-speed centrifugation, whereas proteins that are weakly associated with the membrane, such as AdR, must be quantified in the whole tissue homogenate. We have compared quantifications of CYP11A1 using two different detergents, RapiGest SP and sodium cholate, and two different trypsins, sequencing grade modified trypsin and trypsin, type IX-S from porcine pancreas. The measured concentrations in these experiments were similar and encouraged the use of either combination of detergent/trypsin for quantification of other membrane proteins. Overall, the CYP11A1 and AdR quantified in this work ranged from 110 pmol to 10 fmol per milligram of tissue protein. C1 [Liao, Wei-Li; Turko, Illarion V.] Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Heo, Gun-Young; Pikuleva, Irina A.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Liao, Wei-Li; Dodder, Nathan G.; Turko, Illarion V.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Turko, IV (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM turko@umbi.umd.edu RI Dodder, Nathan/C-7971-2015 OI Dodder, Nathan/0000-0001-5913-1767 FU National Institutes of Health [EY018383, AG024336]; Research to Prevent Blindness Foundation FX This work was supported in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health (Grants EY018383 and AG024336 to I.A.P.). I.A.P is also a recipient of the Jules and Doris Stein Professorship from the Research to Prevent Blindness Foundation. Certain commercial materials, instruments, and equipment are identified in this manuscript in order to specify the experimental procedure as completely as possible. In no case does such identification imply a recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) nor does it imply that the materials, instruments, or equipment identified is necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 30 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 13 BP 5760 EP 5767 DI 10.1021/ac100811x PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 617AO UT WOS:000279253300047 PM 20521825 ER PT J AU Grossman, E Dietlein, C Ala-Laurinaho, J Leivo, M Gronberg, L Gronholm, M Lappalainen, P Rautiainen, A Tamminen, A Luukanen, A AF Grossman, Erich Dietlein, Charles Ala-Laurinaho, Juha Leivo, Mikko Gronberg, Leif Gronholm, Markus Lappalainen, Petteri Rautiainen, Anssi Tamminen, Aleksi Luukanen, Arttu TI Passive terahertz camera for standoff security screening SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROTHERMAL FEEDBACK; NOISE; MICROBOLOMETER; BOLOMETERS AB We describe the construction and performance of a passive, real-time terahertz camera based on a modular, 64-element linear array of cryogenic hotspot microbolometers. A reflective conical scanner sweeps out a 2 m x 4 m(vertical x horizontal) field of view (FOV) at a standoff range of 8 m. The focal plane array is cooled to 4 K in a closed cycle refrigerator, and the signals are detected on free-standing bridges of superconducting Nb or NbN at the feeds of broadband planar spiral antennas. The NETD of the focal-plane array, referred to the target plane and to a frame rate of 5 s(-1), is 1.25 K near the center of the array and 2 K overall. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Grossman, Erich; Dietlein, Charles] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lappalainen, Petteri; Luukanen, Arttu] VTT Tech Res Ctr Finland, Millimetrewave Lab Finland Millilab, Espoo, Finland. [Ala-Laurinaho, Juha; Tamminen, Aleksi] Aalto Univ, Millimetrewave Lab Finland Millilab, Espoo, Finland. RP Grossman, E (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM erich.grossman@nist.gov; arttu.luukanen@vtt.fi RI Ala-Laurinaho, Juha/M-4538-2016 FU Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation (TEKES) [40306/07] FX The authors at VTT acknowledge Panu Helisto and Heiki Seppa for useful discussions. We are grateful to the DHS Science and Technology Directorate and the DHS Standards Office for financial support for the NIST component of this work and to the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation (TEKES, funding decision 40306/07) for support of the VTT component. NR 28 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 14 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 1 PY 2010 VL 49 IS 19 BP E106 EP E120 DI 10.1364/AO.49.00E106 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA 619BO UT WOS:000279403400013 PM 20648113 ER PT J AU De Felice, P Hino, Y Simpson, B Svec, A Woods, M AF De Felice, Pierino Hino, Yoshio Simpson, Bruce Svec, Anton Woods, Mike TI Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and its Applications (ICRM 2009) Preface SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [De Felice, Pierino] CR Casaccia, Agenzia Nazl Nuove Tecnol Energia & Losviluppo Ec, I-00100 Rome, Italy. Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. Lab Natl Henri Becquerel, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Hino, Yoshio] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Natl Metrol Inst Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. Bundesamt Eich & Vermessungswesen, A-1160 Vienna, Austria. Jozef Stefan Inst, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. Bur Int Poids & Mesures, F-92312 Sevres, France. Inst Radioprotecao & Dosimetria, Lab Nacl Metrol Radiacoes Ionizantes, BR-22780160 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Woods, Mike] Ionizing Radiat Metrol Consultants Ltd, Teddington TW11 9PQ, Middx, England. Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Svec, Anton] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Simpson, Bruce] Natl Metrol Inst S Africa, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa. RP De Felice, P (reprint author), CR Casaccia, Agenzia Nazl Nuove Tecnol Energia & Losviluppo Ec, POB 2400, I-00100 Rome, Italy. EM defelice@casaccia.enea.it; y.hino@aist.go.jp; BSimpson@nmisa.org; svec@smu.gov.sk; mike.woods@blueyonder.co.uk NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 68 IS 7-8 BP 1193 EP 1195 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2010.01.016 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 615GX UT WOS:000279123900001 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, BE Palm, S AF Zimmerman, B. E. Palm, S. TI Results of an international comparison of Co-57 SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and Its Applications (ICRM 2009) CY SEP 07-11, 2009 CL Slovak Inst Metrol, Bratislava, SLOVAKIA HO Slovak Inst Metrol ID EQUIVALENCE AB As part of a Cooperative Research Project (CRP) aimed at improving the state of radioactivity measurement in nuclear medicine. the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) organized a comparison of Co-57 solutions among the participants of the project The comparison solutions were prepared from a single master stock solution and distributed to the participating laboratories, who measured the activity concentration of the solution using either the laboratory's radionuclide activity calibrator or primary standardization methods A total of 9 sets of results were received, with 5 laboratories reporting results of primary measurements, one reporting results of secondary measurements calibrated against primary standards, and three laboratories reporting values based on measurements in commercial re-entrant ionization chambers using manufacturer-recommended calibration figures Most of the laboratories reporting primary standardizations also provided results from secondary standardizations The Comparison Reference Value was calculated from the mean of the five primary standardizations and was found to be 35.54 MBqg(-1) with a standard deviation of the mean of 017 MBqg(-1) Degrees of equivalence were calculated for each reporting laboratory and demonstrated that equivalence to within about 4% could be achieved, even in the case of those laboratories that used instruments calibrated by third parties (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 [Zimmerman, B. E.] NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Palm, S.] IAEA, Dosimetry & Med Radiat Phys Sect, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. RP Zimmerman, BE (reprint author), NIST, Phys Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bez@nist.gov NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 68 IS 7-8 BP 1217 EP 1220 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2009.12.021 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 615GX UT WOS:000279123900006 PM 20071188 ER PT J AU Volkovitsky, P AF Volkovitsky, Peter TI Absolute Ag-108(m) characterization based on gamma-gamma coincident detection by two NaI(Tl) detectors SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and Its Applications (ICRM 2009) CY SEP 07-11, 2009 CL Slovak Inst Metrol, Bratislava, SLOVAKIA HO Slovak Inst Metrol ID STANDARDIZATION; I-125; I125 AB A two-dimensional analysis of three coincident gamma-rays in Ag-108(m) decay, detected by two NaI(Tl) scintillation detectors, allows a direct measurement of the source activity A modification of the Eldridge-Crowther formulas derived originally for I-125 was done recently for the case of two coincident gamma-rays in Co-60 decay (Volkovitsky and Naudus, 2009) A similar approach is applied to a more complicated case of three coincident gamma-rays in the Ag-108(m) decay. The large number of experimental quantities, measured both in coincidence and anticoincidence modes, allows the determination of both detector efficiencies for all three gamma-ray photopeaks and to find the source activity Results are compared with measurements of the activity of the same source with HPGe detectors. Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Volkovitsky, P (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 68 IS 7-8 BP 1286 EP 1291 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2009.12.004 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 615GX UT WOS:000279123900021 PM 20060308 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, R Colle, R Laureano-Perez, L Pibida, L Hammond, MM Nour, S Zimmerman, BE AF Fitzgerald, R. Colle, R. Laureano-Perez, L. Pibida, L. Hammond, M. M. Nour, S. Zimmerman, B. E. TI A new primary standardization of Th-229 SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and Its Applications (ICRM 2009) CY SEP 07-11, 2009 CL Slovak Inst Metrol, Bratislava, SLOVAKIA HO Slovak Inst Metrol DE Th-229; Th-229; Thorium; Primary standard; Radiochronometry; Tracer; Radioactivity; Mass spectrometry; Standard ID GAMMA-RAYS; DAUGHTERS; PB-210; DECAY AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has certified a high-purity Th-229 Standard Reference Material as SRM 4328C, based on live-timed 4 pi alpha beta-gamma anticoincidence counting (LTAC) of the equilibrium solution. The LTAC system was optimized to minimize the uncertainty in the result due to the two short-lived ground-states present in the decay chain Confirmatory measurements were carried out by four other methods. Furthermore, the present absolute activity and measured gamma-ray emission rates were combined to obtain gamma-ray emission probabilities. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Fitzgerald, R.; Colle, R.; Laureano-Perez, L.; Pibida, L.; Hammond, M. M.; Nour, S.; Zimmerman, B. E.] NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fitzgerald, R (reprint author), NIST, Phys Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Fitzgerald, Ryan/H-6132-2016 NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 68 IS 7-8 BP 1303 EP 1308 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2010.01.007 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 615GX UT WOS:000279123900024 PM 20116268 ER PT J AU Bergeron, DE Zimmerman, BE Cessna, JT AF Bergeron, Denis E. Zimmerman, Brian E. Cessna, Jeffrey T. TI Development of secondary standards for Ra-223 SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and Its Applications (ICRM 2009) CY SEP 07-11, 2009 CL Slovak Inst Metrol, Bratislava, SLOVAKIA HO Slovak Inst Metrol DE Dose calibrator; Secondary standardization; Ionization chamber; Ra-223 ID DOSE CALIBRATOR SETTINGS; ALPHA-EMITTERS; THERAPY; RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY; NUCLIDES AB Ra-223 is a bone-seeking alpha emitter currently being evaluated as a radiopharmaceutical. Concurrent with the primary standardization. NIST established that calibration factors currently used for radionuclide calibrators in the clinical setting give readings 5.7-8.7% higher than the NIST calibrated activity. This work describes the determination of calibration factors specific to dose vials and syringes. Using the calibration factors derived with standard ampoules to measure syringe activities can give readings up to 3.6% too high. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bergeron, Denis E.; Zimmerman, Brian E.; Cessna, Jeffrey T.] NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bergeron, DE (reprint author), NIST, Phys Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8462, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Bergeron, Denis/I-4332-2013 OI Bergeron, Denis/0000-0003-1150-7950 NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 68 IS 7-8 BP 1367 EP 1370 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2009.11.005 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 615GX UT WOS:000279123900037 PM 20005730 ER PT J AU Olsovcova, V Iwahara, A Oropesa, P Joseph, L Ravindra, A Ghafoori, M Son, HK Sahagia, M Tastan, S Zimmerman, B AF Olsovcova, Veronika Iwahara, Akira Oropesa, Pilar Joseph, Leena Ravindra, Anuradha Ghafoori, Mostafa Son, Hye-Kyung Sahagia, Maria Tastan, Selma Zimmerman, Brian TI National comparison of I-131 measurement among nuclear medicine clinics of eight countries SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and Its Applications (ICRM 2009) CY SEP 07-11, 2009 CL Slovak Inst Metrol, Bratislava, SLOVAKIA HO Slovak Inst Metrol DE I-131; National comparison; Radioactivity; Radionuclide calibrator AB A generally applicable protocol for organizing comparisons among nuclear medicine clinics created within the IAEA project CRP E2.10.05 was tested in Brazil. Cuba, Czech Republic, India, Iran, Republic of Korea, Romania and Turkey in 2007. Comparisons of measurement of I-131 were organized by local pilot laboratories with different backgrounds and levels of experience in this field. The results and experiences gained were compared and analyzed. A majority of results in each national comparison were within 10% of the reference value. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Olsovcova, Veronika] Czech Metrol Inst, Prague 10200 10, Czech Republic. [Iwahara, Akira] Inst Radioprotecao & Dosimetria, Lab Nacl Metrol Radiocoes Ionizantes, BR-22780160 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Oropesa, Pilar] Ctr Isotopos, Guanabacoa, Habana, Cuba. [Joseph, Leena; Ravindra, Anuradha] Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Radiat Safety Syst Div, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. [Ghafoori, Mostafa] Nucl Sci & Technol Res Inst, AMIRS, SSDL, Aeoi, Karaj, Iran. [Son, Hye-Kyung] Korea Food & Drug Adm, Natl Inst Food & Drug Safety Evaluat, Radiat Safety Div, Seoul 122704, South Korea. [Sahagia, Maria] Hona Hulubei Natl Inst R&D Phys & Engn, Bucharest 077125, Romania. [Tastan, Selma] Ankara Univ, Fac Med, Dept Nucl Med, TR-06100 Ankara, Turkey. [Zimmerman, Brian] IAEA, Dosimetry & Med Radiat Phys Sect, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Zimmerman, Brian] NIST, Ionizing Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Olsovcova, V (reprint author), Czech Metrol Inst, Radiova 1, Prague 10200 10, Czech Republic. RI Olsovcova, Veronika/G-8405-2014 NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 68 IS 7-8 BP 1371 EP 1377 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2009.11.008 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 615GX UT WOS:000279123900038 PM 20006521 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, BE Altzitzoglou, T Rodrigues, D Broda, R Cassette, P Mo, L Ratel, G Simpson, B van Wyngaardt, W Watjen, C AF Zimmerman, B. E. Altzitzoglou, T. Rodrigues, D. Broda, R. Cassette, P. Mo, L. Ratel, G. Simpson, B. van Wyngaardt, W. Watjen, C. TI Comparison of triple-to-double coincidence ratio (TDCR) efficiency calculations and uncertainty assessments for Tc-99 SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and Its Applications (ICRM 2009) CY SEP 07-11, 2009 CL Slovak Inst Metrol, Bratislava, SLOVAKIA HO Slovak Inst Metrol DE Triple-to-double coincidence ratio method; Uncertainty assessment; Technetium-99 ID PURE-BETA-EMITTERS; STANDARDIZATION; RADIONUCLIDES; PROGRAM; NI-63 AB A comparison exercise for data analysis was recently conducted by the Liquid Scintillation Counting Working Group (LSCWG) of the International Committee on Radionuclide Metrology (ICRM) to evaluate the uncertainties involved in applying different analysis methodologies (including computer programs) for the triple-to-double coincidence ratio (TDCR) method The goals of the comparison were to (1) study differences in calculation results from different TDCR analysis programs. (2) investigate differences in analysis techniques and uncertainty assessment philosophies between laboratories, and (3) study the effect of not taking asymmetry of photomultiplier tube (PMT) efficiencies into account on the calculated activity To achieve this, a single set of TDCR data for the pure beta emitter Tc-99, was distributed to the participants, who analyzed the data according to their normal procedures and report the activity concentration of the Tc-99 solution from their results. The results indicate that the presently used programs are generally able to calculate the same activity values, assuming that the correct input parameters are used and that not taking PMT asymmetry into account in the calculations can lead to significant (0.6% for Tc-99) errors in reported results The comparison also highlighted the need for a more rigorous approach to estimating and reporting uncertainties. Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 [Zimmerman, B. E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Altzitzoglou, T.] European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. [Rodrigues, D.] Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Lab Metrol Radioisotopos, RA-1429 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Broda, R.] Radioisotope Ctr POLATOM, Inst Atom Energy, Otwock, Poland. [Cassette, P.] CEA Saclay, LNE Lab Natl Henri Becquerel, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Mo, L.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. [Ratel, G.] BIPM, Sevres, France. [Simpson, B.; van Wyngaardt, W.] Natl Metrol Inst S Africa, Cape Town, South Africa. [Watjen, C.] Natl Inst R&D Phys & Nucl Engn Horia Hulubei, Magurele, Romania. RP Zimmerman, BE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Cassette, Philippe/0000-0001-5254-9183 NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 68 IS 7-8 BP 1477 EP 1481 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2009.11.046 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 615GX UT WOS:000279123900061 PM 20022757 ER PT J AU Laureano-Perez, L Colle, R Fitzgerald, R Zimmerman, BE Cumberland, L AF Laureano-Perez, L. Colle, R. Fitzgerald, R. Zimmerman, B. E. Cumberland, L. TI Investigation into the standardization of Tc-99 SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and Its Applications (ICRM 2009) CY SEP 07-11, 2009 CL Slovak Inst Metrol, Bratislava, SLOVAKIA HO Slovak Inst Metrol DE Anti-coincidence counting; Beta counting; CIEMAT/NIST method; Efficiency tracing; Liquid scintillation (LS); Radioactivity; SRM; Standards; Technetium-99 ID MASSIC ACTIVITY; CALIBRATION; RADIONUCLIDES; EFFICIENCY; DETECTORS AB The standardization of Tc-99 by several primary methods was investigated. This was performed to support a new Tc-99 transfer standard that has been developed and will be disseminated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as Standard Reference Material SRM 4288B. The standardization for the Tc-99 content of the solution was based on 4 pi beta liquid scintillation (LS) measurements with H-3-standard efficiency tracing (CIEMAT/NIST method). Confirmatory determinations were performed by 4 pi beta(LS)-gamma(NaI) live-timed anti-coincidence (LTAC) counting and an LS-based 4 pi beta triple-to-double coincidence ratio (TDCR) method. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Laureano-Perez, L.; Colle, R.; Fitzgerald, R.; Zimmerman, B. E.; Cumberland, L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Laureano-Perez, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Fitzgerald, Ryan/H-6132-2016 NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 68 IS 7-8 BP 1489 EP 1494 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2009.11.049 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 615GX UT WOS:000279123900063 PM 20060309 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, R AF Fitzgerald, R. TI An automated ionization chamber for secondary radioactivity standards SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and Its Applications (ICRM 2009) CY SEP 07-11, 2009 CL Slovak Inst Metrol, Bratislava, SLOVAKIA HO Slovak Inst Metrol DE Ionization chamber; Radioactivity AB I report on the operation and characterization of a new ionization chamber system. "AUTOIC", featuring a commercial digital electrometer and a commercial robotic sample changer The relative accuracy of the electrometer was improved significantly beyond the manufacturer's specifications through an in-house calibration of the various ranges, applied via software The measurement precision and repeatability of the system have been determined by measuring multiple samples of the same radionuclide over the span of two or three years The linearity of the system was examined by following the decay of (99m)Tc, (99)Mo and (133)Xe sources for up to 19 half-lives and determining half-life values All of these values agree with the accepted literature values, within their combined uncertainties. Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fitzgerald, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Fitzgerald, Ryan/H-6132-2016 NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 68 IS 7-8 BP 1507 EP 1509 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2009.12.008 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 615GX UT WOS:000279123900066 PM 20031425 ER PT J AU Cessna, JT Zimmerman, BE AF Cessna, J. T. Zimmerman, B. E. TI Standardization of radium-223 by liquid scintillation counting SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and Its Applications (ICRM 2009) CY SEP 07-11, 2009 CL Slovak Inst Metrol, Bratislava, SLOVAKIA HO Slovak Inst Metrol DE Liquid scintillation counting; (223)Ra; CIEMAT/NIST method AB Liquid scintillation (LS) counting was undertaken as part of the primary standardization of (223)Ra Radium-223 decays with a half life of 11 43 d through a chain of shorter-lived daughter radionuclides, resulting in five alpha decays and three beta decays The CIEMAT/NIST method of tritium efficiency tracing was employed, with the beta efficiencies being calculated using the program CN2004, developed by the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) The total calculated LS efficiency, considering all daughter radionuclides, was approximately 598% Separate experiments were performed to rule out loss of the 3 96s (219)Ra daughter from the cocktail and possible counting loss of the 1 78 ms (215)Po daughter due to LS counter dead-time No loss was observed in either experiment In the final experiment an expanded uncertainty (k=2) of 0 55% was achieved. Results were in excellent agreement with confirmatory measurements performed by 2 pi alpha proportional counting However, results are not in agreement with methods based on gamma ray measurements Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 [Cessna, J. T.; Zimmerman, B. E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Ionizing Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cessna, JT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Ionizing Radiat Div, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 68 IS 7-8 BP 1523 EP 1528 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2009.11.068 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 615GX UT WOS:000279123900070 PM 20097568 ER PT J AU Perri, MJ Lim, YB Seitzinger, SP Turpin, BJ AF Perri, Mark J. Lim, Yong B. Seitzinger, Sybil P. Turpin, Barbara J. TI Organosulfates from glycolaldehyde in aqueous aerosols and clouds: Laboratory studies SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Secondary organic aerosol; Organosulfate; Cloud processing; Glycolaldehyde; Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; SULFURIC-ACID; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; SULFATE ESTERS; ISOPRENE; PHOTOOXIDATION; OZONOLYSIS; MECHANISM; OXIDATION AB Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation is enhanced on acidic seed particles; SOA also forms during cloud processing reactions where acidic sulfate is prevalent. Recently several studies have focused on the identification of organosulfates in atmospheric aerosols or smog chamber experiments, and upon the mechanism of formation for these products. We identify several organosulfate products formed during the laboratory OH radical oxidation of dilute aqueous glycolaldehyde in the presence of sulfuric acid. We propose a radical-radical reaction mechanism as being consistent with formation of these products under our experimental conditions. Using a kinetics model we estimate that organosulfates account for less than 1% of organic matter formed from these precursors during cloud processing. However, in wet acidic aerosols, where precursors are highly concentrated and acidic sulfate makes up close to half of the aerosol mass, this radical-radical reaction could account for significant organosulfate production. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Perri, Mark J.] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Chem, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. [Lim, Yong B.; Turpin, Barbara J.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Seitzinger, Sybil P.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Rutgers NOAA CMER Program, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Perri, MJ (reprint author), Sonoma State Univ, Dept Chem, 1801 E Cotati Ave, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. EM mark.perri@sonoma.edu RI Perri, Mark/E-9176-2010; Turpin, Barbara /D-8346-2012; Lim, Yong/A-5310-2013 OI Lim, Yong/0000-0001-5000-5991 FU US Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA07OAR4310279]; National Science Foundation [ATM-0630298, OCE-0619608]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation FX This research was supported, in part, by grants from the US Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (NA07OAR4310279) and the National Science Foundation (ATM-0630298). The authors acknowledge Dr Melissa Soule and Dr Elizabeth Kujawinski and the funding sources of the WHOI FT-MS Users' Facility (National Science Foundation OCE-0619608 and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation). MJP thanks Katye Altieri, Ron Lauck, and Yi Tan for invaluable discussions and laboratory assistance. NR 50 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 7 U2 75 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 44 IS 21-22 BP 2658 EP 2664 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.03.031 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 622GD UT WOS:000279648400018 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Shen, XY Li, XF AF Wang, Yi Shen, Xinyong Li, Xiaofan TI Microphysical and radiative effects of ice clouds on responses of rainfall to the large-scale forcing during pre-summer heavy rainfall over southern China SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cloud-resolving model simulation; Microphysical and radiative effects of ice clouds; Convective and stratiform rainfall ID DEEP CONVECTIVE REGIME; TROPICAL SQUALL-LINE; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; EQUILIBRIUM STATES; FRONTAL RAINBANDS; MODEL; ORGANIZATION; WATER; PARAMETERIZATION AB Ice clouds are an important part of precipitation systems and their microphysical and radiative effects may significantly impact rainfall simulations. This study investigates these effects using a two-dimensional cloud-resolving model simulation of a pre-summer heavy rainfall event over southern China from 3-8 June 2008, forced with NCEP/GDAS data. The microphysical and radiative effects of ice clouds on rainfall responses to the large-scale forcing during pre-summer heavy rainfall over southern China are analyzed by comparing the control experiment and two sensitivity experiments with the exclusion of ice radiative effects and with the total exclusion of ice microphysics (the exclusion of both ice radiative and microphysical effects), respectively. During the development phase, the total exclusion of ice microphysics decreased the model domain mean surface rain rate primarily by suppressing the convective rain rate through the exclusion of ice radiative effects on 4 June 2008 and by reducing the stratiform rain rate through the exclusion of ice microphysical effects on 5 June. During the peak phase on 6 June, the mean rain rate significantly increased from the previous day. The reduction in the mean rain rate by the total exclusion of ice microphysics continued from the previous day due to the continuous decrease in the stratiform rain rate caused by the exclusion of ice microphysical effects. During the decay phase on 7 June, the total exclusion of ice microphysics increased the mean rain rate by enhancing convective rainfall through the exclusion of ice microphysical effects. These results indicate that the microphysical and radiative effects of ice clouds play equally important roles in pre-summer heavy rainfall events. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Yi; Shen, Xinyong] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Minist Educ, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Shen, Xinyong] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Li, Xiaofan] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Minist Educ, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM mickey_wy86@163.com RI Li, Xiaofan/F-5605-2010; Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014 FU National Key Basic Research and Development Project of China [2009CB421503, 2004CB418301]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40775033]; Chinese Special Scientific Research Project for Public Interest [GYHY200806009] FX The authors thank Dr. W.-K. Tao at NASA/GSFC for his cloud-resolving model and three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. This study is supported by the National Key Basic Research and Development Project of China under Grant no. 2009CB421503 and no. 2004CB418301, the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant no. 40775033, and the Chinese Special Scientific Research Project for Public Interest under Grant no. GYHY200806009. NR 44 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 97 IS 1-2 BP 35 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2010.03.005 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 627BS UT WOS:000280013700004 ER PT J AU Setvak, M Lindsey, DT Novak, P Wang, PK Radova, M Kerkmann, J Grasso, L Su, SH Rabin, RM St'astka, J Charvat, Z AF Setvak, Martin Lindsey, Daniel T. Novak, Petr Wang, Pao K. Radova, Michaela Kerkmann, Jochen Grasso, Louie Su, Shih-Hao Rabin, Robert M. St'astka, Jindrich Charvat, Zdenek TI Satellite-observed cold-ring-shaped features atop deep convective clouds SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Convective storm; Storm top; Cloud top height; Cold-ring shape; Cold-U shape; Enhanced-V feature; Overshooting top; Lower stratosphere; Meteosat second generation ID 3-DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; OKLAHOMA TORNADIC STORMS; UPPER-LEVEL STRUCTURE; TOP STRUCTURE; THUNDERSTORM ANVILS; ENHANCED-V; SYSTEM; MICROPHYSICS; TRANSPORT; DYNAMICS AB This paper focuses on deep convective storms which exhibit a distinct long-lived cold ring at their cloud top, as observed in enhanced infrared (IR) window satellite imagery. The feature seems to be closely linked to a similar phenomenon, cold-U/V (enhanced-V) shape, or in general to storms which exhibit an enclosed warm spot or larger warm area downwind of the overshooting tops, surrounded by colder parts of the storm anvil. While storms exhibiting some form of warm spots seem to be quite common, storms exhibiting distinct cold rings or cold-U/Vs are significantly less frequent. The cold-ring feature is described here for storms which occurred above the Czech Republic and Austria on 25 June 2006. Compared to other cold-ring-shaped storms, this case was extraordinary not only by the magnitude and duration of the cold ring and its central warm spot, but also by storm cloud-top heights, reaching 16-17 km, as determined from ground-based C-band radar observations. The paper also addresses a possible link between cold-ring-shaped storms with those exhibiting a cold-U/V (enhanced-V) feature, indicating (based on model results) that the stratification and wind shear just above the tropopause are key conditions for the cold-ring to exist. The case from 25 June 2006 also shows that the cloud top height, derived from satellite radiances, has significant error when applied to this particular type of storm. Finally, we discuss the potential of the satellite-observed cold-ring feature as an indicator of storm severity. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Setvak, Martin; Novak, Petr; Radova, Michaela; St'astka, Jindrich; Charvat, Zdenek] CHMI, CZ-14306 Prague 4, Czech Republic. [Lindsey, Daniel T.; Grasso, Louie] CIRA CSU, NOAA NESDIS RAMMB, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Radova, Michaela] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Atmospher Phys, CZ-14131 Prague 4, Czech Republic. [Kerkmann, Jochen] EUMETSAT, D-64295 Darmstadt, Germany. [Rabin, Robert M.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Rabin, Robert M.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Radova, Michaela; St'astka, Jindrich] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Prague 8, Czech Republic. RP Setvak, M (reprint author), CHMI, Na Sabatce 17, CZ-14306 Prague 4, Czech Republic. EM setvak@chmi.cz RI Lindsey, Dan/F-5607-2010 OI Lindsey, Dan/0000-0002-0967-5683 FU Grant Agency of the Czech Republic [205/07/0905]; Czech Republic Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport [ME09033]; U.S. NSF [ATM-0729898] FX Parts of this research were carried out under support of the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic, project 205/07/0905, the Czech Republic Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport grant ME09033, and the U.S. NSF grant ATM-0729898. The authors also wish to acknowledge the VCS Space for their software support to this research. The views, opinions, and findings in this report are those of the authors, and should not be construed as an official CHMI, NOAA and or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 37 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 97 IS 1-2 BP 80 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2010.03.009 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 627BS UT WOS:000280013700007 ER PT J AU Wang, CZ Liu, HL Lee, SK AF Wang, Chunzai Liu, Hailong Lee, Sang-Ki TI The record-breaking cold temperatures during the winter of 2009/2010 in the Northern Hemisphere SO ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE North Atlantic Oscillation; Pacific Decadal Oscillation; Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation ID ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; CLIMATE OSCILLATION; ARCTIC OSCILLATION; VARIABILITY; SIGNATURE; IMPACTS; MODE AB In this study, we show that the record-breaking cold temperatures from North America to Europe and Asia during the period of 28 December 2009 to 13 January 2010 are associated with extremely negative values of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, which produce northerly surface wind anomalies and cause the southward advection of the cold Arctic air. Corresponded to longer-term variations of Pacific and Atlantic Sea Surface Temperatures (SSTs), the downward trend of the NAO has occurred since the early 1990s. It is speculated that if the downward trend of the NAO continues, more frequent cold outbreaks and heavy snow are likely in the coming years. Published 2010 by John Wiley and Sons, Ltd. C1 [Wang, Chunzai; Liu, Hailong; Lee, Sang-Ki] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Liu, Hailong; Lee, Sang-Ki] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. RP Wang, CZ (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM chunzai.wang@noaa.gov RI Lee, Sang-Ki/A-5703-2011; Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009 OI Lee, Sang-Ki/0000-0002-4047-3545; Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office; NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) FX We thank three anonymous reviewers, Da-Lin Zhang, Brian Mapes and Mojib Latif for their comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office and the base funding of NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML). The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agency. NR 19 TC 68 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1530-261X J9 ATMOS SCI LETT JI Atmos. Sci. Lett. PD JUL-SEP PY 2010 VL 11 IS 3 BP 161 EP 168 DI 10.1002/asl.278 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 678BQ UT WOS:000284043600001 ER PT J AU Paul, CJM Felthoven, RG Torres, MD AF Paul, Catherine J. Morrison Felthoven, Ronald G. Torres, Marcelo de O. TI Productive performance in fisheries: modeling, measurement, and management SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE fisheries; performance measurement; production economics ID DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS; COMMON-PROPERTY RESOURCE; STOCHASTIC DEA MODELS; CAPACITY UTILIZATION; TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY; TRAWL FISHERY; PRODUCTION FRONTIER; GROUNDFISH FISHERY; REGULATED FISHERY; POOL RESOURCE AB We overview the roles of production structure models in measuring fisheries' productive performance to provide policy-relevant guidance for fishery managers and analysts. In particular, we summarize the literature on the representation and estimation of production structure models to construct productive performance measures for fisheries, with a focus on parametric empirical applications and on the management implications of these kinds of measures. C1 [Paul, Catherine J. Morrison] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Paul, Catherine J. Morrison] Univ Calif Davis, Giannini Fdn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Felthoven, Ronald G.] US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Torres, Marcelo de O.] Univ Catolica Brasilia, Dept Econ, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. RP Paul, CJM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cjmpaul@primal.ucdavis.edu NR 76 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1364-985X J9 AUST J AGR RESOUR EC JI Aust. J. Agr. Resour. Econ. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 54 IS 3 BP 343 EP 360 DI 10.1111/j.1467-8489.2010.00496.x PG 18 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 631RE UT WOS:000280364600006 ER PT J AU Zhulidov, AV Kozhara, AV Scherbina, GH Nalepa, TF Protasov, A Afanasiev, SA Pryanichnikova, EG Zhulidov, DA Gurtovaya, TY Pavlov, DF AF Zhulidov, A. V. Kozhara, A. V. Scherbina, G. H. Nalepa, T. F. Protasov, A. Afanasiev, S. A. Pryanichnikova, E. G. Zhulidov, D. A. Gurtovaya, T. Yu. Pavlov, D. F. TI Invasion history, distribution, and relative abundances of Dreissena bugensis in the old world: a synthesis of data SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Dreissenids; Invasive species; Quagga mussel; Zebra mussel; Relative abundance; Range expansion; Russia; Ukraine ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; DON RIVER SYSTEM; ROSTRIFORMIS-BUGENSIS; QUAGGA MUSSEL; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; COMPARATIVE GROWTH; RANGE EXPANSION; VOLGA RIVER; SEA BASIN; POLYMORPHA AB We examined trends in expansion patterns and relative abundances of Dreissena bugensis in reservoirs and major river systems in eastern Europe. Based on our own data and data from the literature, it is apparent that trends were variable across river basins and not easily related to environmental conditions. In some cases these did not conform to the patterns typically found for dreissenids. In the early period of expansion beyond its native range in the Dnieper-Bug delta and estuary, D. bugensis rapidly replaced Dreissena polymorpha in the upper Dnieper River system, but increased only gradually and over time became less abundant relative to D. polymorpha in the Don-Manych River system. Contrary to the Dnieper and Don River systems, in the Volga River system considerable spatial variability in relative abundances was apparent, particularly in northern reservoirs. Moreover, even though D. bugensis usually displaces D. polymorpha as the dominant dreissenid, the latter can remain dominant in certain types of habitats where conditions are less favourable for the former. Suggested factors that may be responsible for differences in invasion patterns in the river systems may include differential responses to temperature, or to some other factor(s) associated with geographical latitude, the level of water mineralization, and selective predation by molluscivorous fish. In particular, the northward expansion of D. bugensis seems to be limited by temperature. The lack of long-term data on appropriate scales precludes linking these differences to specific features within the environment, but our comparisons indicate that the expansion of D. bugensis relative to D. polymorpha is more complex than previously believed. C1 [Nalepa, T. F.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Zhulidov, A. V.; Zhulidov, D. A.; Gurtovaya, T. Yu.] S Russian Reg Ctr Preparat & Implementat Int Proj, Rostov Na Donu 344090, Russia. [Kozhara, A. V.; Scherbina, G. H.; Pryanichnikova, E. G.; Pavlov, D. F.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Biol Inland Waters, Borok 152742, Yaroslavl Oblas, Russia. [Protasov, A.; Afanasiev, S. A.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Hydrobiol 1, UA-04210 Kiev, Ukraine. RP Nalepa, TF (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 4840 S State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM Thomas.Nalepa@noaa.gov RI Pavlov, Dmitry/Q-5410-2016; Shcherbina, Georgiy/P-1845-2015; Pryanichnikova, Ekaterina/A-6806-2017 OI Pavlov, Dmitry/0000-0003-1851-2605; Pryanichnikova, Ekaterina/0000-0002-8549-8252 FU Russian Federation Environmental Management [19962000]; British Department for International Development [2001-2002]; South Russian Regional Centre for Preparation and Implementation of International Projects (CPPI-S), Rostov-on-Don, Russia [2003-2008]; EU [R20, R21] FX This work was carried out under the Russian Federation Environmental Management Project (North Caucasus water management and protection sub-component under the World Bank loan to the Russian Federation, 19962000) and the Rostov Strategic Plan for Sewerage and Water Supply, financed by the British Department for International Development, 2001-2002. The South Russian Regional Centre for Preparation and Implementation of International Projects (CPPI-S), Rostov-on-Don, Russia provided partial funding, 2003-2008. As from 2006 the work was carried out under the EU project R20; Water Scenarios for Europe and for Neighbouring States R21; ("SCENES") (PRIORITY 6.3 GLOBAL CHANGE AND ECOSYSTEMS). We thank Dr. G. Podtopta, Rostov-on-Don, Russia for help in preparing the maps. NR 55 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD JUL PY 2010 VL 12 IS 7 BP 1923 EP 1940 DI 10.1007/s10530-009-9641-y PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 612KS UT WOS:000278897800002 ER PT J AU Chatterjee, K Lin-Gibson, S Wallace, WE Parekh, SH Lee, YJ Cicerone, MT Young, MF Simon, CG AF Chatterjee, Kaushik Lin-Gibson, Sheng Wallace, William E. Parekh, Sapun H. Lee, Young Jong Cicerone, Marcus T. Young, Marian F. Simon, Carl G., Jr. TI The effect of 3D hydrogel scaffold modulus on osteoblast differentiation and mineralization revealed by combinatorial screening SO BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Tissue engineering; Hydrogels; Osteoblast; Combinatorial methods; Matrix stiffness; Graded tissues ID CELL-INTERACTIONS; MC3T3-E1 CELLS; STEM-CELLS; GRADIENTS; BIOMATERIALS; EXPRESSION; SPECTROSCOPY; INTERFACE; LIBRARIES; SURFACES AB Cells are known to sense and respond to the physical properties of their environment and those of tissue scaffolds. Optimizing these cell material interactions is critical in tissue engineering. In this work, a simple and inexpensive combinatorial platform was developed to rapidly screen three-dimensional (3D) tissue scaffolds and was applied to screen the effect of scaffold properties for tissue engineering of bone. Differentiation of osteoblasts was examined in poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel gradients spanning a 30-fold range in compressive modulus (approximate to 10 kPa to approximate to 300 kPa). Results demonstrate that material properties (gel stiffness) of scaffolds can be leveraged to induce cell differentiation in 3D culture as an alternative to biochemical cues such as soluble supplements, immobilized biomolecules and vectors, which are often expensive, labile and potentially carcinogenic. Gel moduli of approximate to 225 kPa and higher enhanced osteogenesis. Furthermore, it is proposed that material-induced cell differentiation can be modulated to engineer seamless tissue interfaces between mineralized bone tissue and softer tissues such as ligaments and tendons. This work presents a combinatorial method to screen biological response to 3D hydrogel scaffolds that more closely mimics the 3D environment experienced by cells in vivo. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Chatterjee, Kaushik; Lin-Gibson, Sheng; Wallace, William E.; Parekh, Sapun H.; Lee, Young Jong; Cicerone, Marcus T.; Simon, Carl G., Jr.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chatterjee, Kaushik; Young, Marian F.] Natl Inst Dent & Craniofacial Res, Craniofacial & Skeletal Dis Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Simon, CG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM carl.simon@nist.gov RI Lee, Young Jong/B-7129-2008 OI Lee, Young Jong/0000-0001-7754-3001 FU National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences; NIST, NIH/NIBIB [R21 EB006497-01]; Intramural Program of the NIH/NIDCR (National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research) FX Authors gratefully acknowledge technical assistance from Kathy Flynn (NIST) and Ed Parry (ADA-NIST) and insightful discussions with Kathryn L. Beers (NIST). This research was performed while K.C. and S.H.P. held Research Associateship Awards from the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences in the Joint NIH-NIBIB/NIST and the NIST Postdoctoral Programs, respectively (National Institutes of Health-National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering/National Institute of Standards and Technology). This work was supported by NIST, NIH/NIBIB R21 EB006497-01 and the Intramural Program of the NIH/NIDCR (National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research). The "standard deviation" (S.D.) is the same as the "combined standard uncertainty of the mean" for the purposes of this work. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of NIH, NIBIB, NIDCR or NIST. This article, a contribution of NIST, is not subject to US copyright. Certain equipment and instruments or materials are identified in the paper to adequately specify the experimental details. Such identification does not imply recommendation by NIST, nor does it imply the materials are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 45 TC 112 Z9 114 U1 7 U2 70 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9612 J9 BIOMATERIALS JI Biomaterials PD JUL PY 2010 VL 31 IS 19 BP 5051 EP 5062 DI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.03.024 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 606YW UT WOS:000278466100002 PM 20378163 ER PT J AU Shepard, KE Patterson, WF DeVries, DA Ortiz, M AF Shepard, Katherine E. Patterson, William F., III DeVries, Douglas A. Ortiz, Mauricio TI CONTEMPORARY VERSUS HISTORICAL ESTIMATES OF KING MACKEREL (SCOMBEROMORUS CAVALLA) AGE AND GROWTH IN THE US ATLANTIC OCEAN AND GULF OF MEXICO SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; PAGRUS-PAGRUS; RED PORGY; LUTJANUS-CAMPECHANUS; VERMILION SNAPPER; GEAR SELECTIVITY; FISH POPULATIONS; MORTALITY; PARAMETERS; FISHERIES AB King mackerel, Scomberomorus cavalla (Cuvier, 1829), is an economically important coastal pelagic fish in United States waters of the Atlantic Ocean (Atlantic) and Gulf of Mexico (GUM). In this study, von Bertalanffy growth functions (VBGFs) were fitted to size-at-age data collected from eastern GOM (n = 1447) and Atlantic (n = 869) populations in the summers of 2006 and 2007 from fishery-dependent and fishery-independent sources (GOM females: L(infinity) = 124.5 cm, k = 0.256, t(0) = -0.173 yr; GOM males: L(infinity) = 92.2 cm, k = 0.353, t(0) = -0.166 yr; Atlantic female: L(infinity) = 111.6 cm, k = 0.464, t(0) = 0.506 yr; Atlantic males: L(infinity) = 98.9 cm, k = 0.510, t(0) = 0.502 yr). Results from likelihood ratio tests indicated contemporary VBGFs were significantly different between sexes and populations. Differences in growth between contemporary and historic samples were tested in two ways. First, results from likelihood ratio tests indicated a significant time effect among VBGFs fit to fishery-dependent samples from three time periods (1977-79, 1986-92, and 2006-07). Second, results from analysis of variance indicated sex-specific differences existed in size-at-age for ages 2-10 between contemporary and historic data. The GOM population, which has experienced an estimated 2.5-fold increase in spawning stock biomass (SSB) since the early 1990s, displayed a decline in size-at-age for ages 2-7, while the Atlantic population, which has experienced an approximately 45% decline in estimated spawning stock biomass (SSB) over the same time period, displayed an increase in size-at-age for ages 4-10. These trends are most likely due to density-dependent responses to changes in population size. C1 [Shepard, Katherine E.; Patterson, William F., III] Univ W Florida, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. [DeVries, Douglas A.; Ortiz, Mauricio] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Panama City Lab, NOAA, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. [Ortiz, Mauricio] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Shepard, KE (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Energy Coast & Environm Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM kshepa3@tigers.lsu.edu FU National Marine Fisheries Service [NA06NMF4540060] FX We would like to thank the National Marine Fisheries Service Cooperative Research Program for funding (Grant # NA06NMF4540060 to WFP); Captains B. Hartig and J. Thierry for collecting samples in the U.S. south Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico; D. Addis, B. Walling, and S. Garner for collecting summer samples off northwest Florida; A. Hamilton, W. Ingram, and K. Johnson for sampling undersized fish onboard NOAA Fisheries resource surveys; the numerous seafood dealers, charter boat captains, and recreational anglers who allowed us to sample their catch; and C. Palmer and C. Fioramonti for assistance in aging samples. We would also like to thank three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 86 IS 3 BP 515 EP 532 PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 621IX UT WOS:000279570900002 ER PT J AU Marancik, KE Richardson, DE Lyczkowski-Shultz, J Konieczna, M Cowen, RK AF Marancik, Katrin E. Richardson, David E. Lyczkowski-Shultz, Joanne Konieczna, Malgorzata Cowen, Robert K. TI EVALUATION OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS TO IDENTIFY GROUPER (SERRANIDAE: EPINEPHELINI) LARVAE IN THE GULF OF MEXICO USING GENETICALLY IDENTIFIED SPECIMENS SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GAG MYCTEROPERCA-MICROLEPIS; EASTERN GULF; REEF FISHES; SPECIES IDENTIFICATION; MARINE RESERVES; SNAPPER COMPLEX; UNITED-STATES; BLUE MARLIN; DNA; PISCES AB The identities of early life stages of groupers worldwide are virtually unknown. Current identification strategies rely on characters not yet developed in small larvae (< 7 mm BL) and not always reliable in larger larvae. Genetically identified larval Epinephelini (280 specimens from 15 species) collected in the Straits of Florida, coupled with larvae collected during Southeast Area Monitoring and Assessment Program (SEAMAP) resource surveys in the Gulf of Mexico (500 specimens), were used to examine the utility of morphological characters in identifying epinephelin larvae to species. Through investigation of genetically identified larvae, we demonstrate that patterns of tail pigment and lower-jaw pigment are consistent within species and are often species-specific. These characters facilitate identification of grouper larvae when genetic analyses are not used. The coupling of molecular and morphological identification techniques proved to be a powerful and cost-effective tool in advancing our knowledge of larval groupers. Application of these combined techniques resulted in the first-time identification of the larvae of three species and the preflexion-stage larvae of 10 species of groupers. Six species, three species groups, and three morphological types could be identified in the SEAMAP samples. The synthesis of our findings with previously published descriptions of grouper larvae represents the most comprehensive treatment of larval groupers of the western North Atlantic to date. C1 [Marancik, Katrin E.; Lyczkowski-Shultz, Joanne] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. [Richardson, David E.; Cowen, Robert K.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Konieczna, Malgorzata] Plankton Sorting & Identificat Ctr, Sea Fisheries Inst, PL-71550 Szczecin, Poland. RP Marancik, KE (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett Lab, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM katey.marancik@noaa.gov FU OAR Cooperative Institute Program Office; Northern Gulf Institute; NOAA Cooperative Institute FX We would like to thank the following people for their significant contributions to this work: L. Bullock (Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, St. Petersburg, FL), J. Llopiz, C. Guigand, A. Exum, J. VanWye, and K. Shulzitski (RSMAS, Miami, FL), K. Sullivan-Sealy (University of Miami, Miami, FL), K. Williams (SEAMAP Archiving Center, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, St. Petersburg, FL), The SEAMAP Plankton Team (SEFSC, Mississippi Laboratories), and the staff at the Sea Fisheries Institute, Plankton Sorting and Identification Center (Gdynia and Szczecin, Poland). This work would not have been possible without the resourcefulness and skilled assistance of the crews of the NOAA ships CHAPMAN, OREGON II, and GORDON GUNTER and the dedication of biologists of the NMFS, Gulf States resource agencies, Johnson Controls International, and IAP World Services who participated in SEAMAP plankton surveys sampling. The NOAA/NMFS Northeast Fisheries Science Center provided valuable space and resources. J. Hare and H. Walsh tested and improved our approach to grouper identification. We wish to thank J. Hare, A. Chester, T. Noji, G. D. Johnson, and two anonymous reviewers for providing useful and memorable comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. This study was funded through the OAR Cooperative Institute Program Office and is part of the research program of the Northern Gulf Institute, a NOAA Cooperative Institute. For more information on the Northern Gulf Institute see www.northerngulfinstitute.org. NR 52 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 EI 1553-6955 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 86 IS 3 BP 571 EP 624 PG 54 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 621IX UT WOS:000279570900005 ER PT J AU Hartten, LM LeMone, MA AF Hartten, Leslie M. LeMone, Margaret A. TI THE EVOLUTION AND CURRENT STATE OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES "PIPELINE" SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID AMS; METEOROLOGY; MEMBERSHIP; WOMEN; DEMOGRAPHICS; TRENDS C1 [Hartten, Leslie M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hartten, Leslie M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [LeMone, Margaret A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Mesoscale & Microscale Meteorol Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Hartten, LM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 216 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Leslie.M.Hartten@noaa.gov RI Hartten, Leslie/F-1970-2010 OI Hartten, Leslie/0000-0002-5620-6302 FU Physical Sciences Division of the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology Division of NCAR FX This work was supported by the Physical Sciences Division of the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory and the Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology Division of NCAR. We thank Roman Czujko (AIP), Keith Seitter (AMS), and Julie Winkler (Michigan State University) for their assistance with data acquisition and documentation; Czujko for useful statistical advice; and Winkler for perceptive suggestions about presentation. Thanks also to Sandra Laursen and Kris De Welde (University of Colorado) for helping track down the origins of the pipeline metaphor. The colors in figures were selected with assistance from www.ColorBrewer2.org by Cynthia A. Brewer (Dept. of Geography, Pennsylvania State University). Finally, LMH extends her deep appreciation to Barbara J. Wardenburg, who long ago planted the first seeds of awareness that led her down the path to this paper. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 91 IS 7 BP 942 EP 956 DI 10.1175/2010BAMS2537.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 636RX UT WOS:000280758700009 ER PT J AU Baringer, MO Arndt, DS Johnson, MR AF Baringer, M. O. Arndt, D. S. Johnson, M. R. TI STATE OF THE CLIMATE IN 2009 SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; SEA-SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; TROPICAL CYCLONE ACTIVITY; RADIO OCCULTATION DATA; HEMISPHERE HIGH-LATITUDES; OCEAN THERMAL STRUCTURE C1 [Baringer, M. O.] NOAA, OAR Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL USA. [Arndt, D. S.] NOAA, NESDIS Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Johnson, M. R.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Gloucester, MA USA. RP Baringer, MO (reprint author), NOAA, OAR Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL USA. RI Arndt, Derek/J-3022-2013; Luo, Jing-Jia/B-2481-2008; Barriopedro, David/C-1421-2008; Gouveia, Celia/E-5159-2010; Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012; Goni, Gustavo/D-2017-2012; Blunden, Jessica/G-1309-2012; Lumpkin, Rick/C-9615-2009; Baringer, Molly/D-2277-2012; Wang, Muyin/K-4006-2014; SHIMADA, Koji/O-1913-2014; Box, Jason/H-5770-2013; Alexander, Lisa/A-8477-2011 OI Luo, Jing-Jia/0000-0003-2181-0638; Barriopedro, David/0000-0001-6476-944X; Gouveia, Celia/0000-0002-3147-5696; Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020; Goni, Gustavo/0000-0001-7093-3170; Lumpkin, Rick/0000-0002-6690-1704; Baringer, Molly/0000-0002-8503-5194; Alexander, Lisa/0000-0002-5635-2457 NR 468 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 30 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 91 IS 7 BP S1 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-91-7-StateoftheClimate PG 218 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 636RX UT WOS:000280758700010 ER PT J AU Black, BA Schroeder, ID Sydeman, WJ Bograd, SJ Lawson, PW AF Black, Bryan A. Schroeder, Isaac D. Sydeman, William J. Bograd, Steven J. Lawson, Peter W. TI Wintertime ocean conditions synchronize rockfish growth and seabird reproduction in the central California Current ecosystem SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NORTHEAST PACIFIC; CURRENT SYSTEM; EL-NINO; YELLOWTAIL ROCKFISH; STABLE-ISOTOPE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; VARIABILITY; FISH; ABUNDANCE; EVENTS AB Chronologies developed from annual growth-increment widths of splitnose rockfish (Sebastes pinniger) and yelloweye rockfish (Sebastes ruberrimus) otoliths were compared with time series of lay date and fledgling success for the common murre (Uria aalge) and Cassin's auklet (Ptychoramphus aleuticus) in the north-central California Current. All time series were exactly dated and spanned 1972 through 1994. In a principal components analysis, the leading principal component (PC1bio) accounted for 64% of the variance in the data set. By entering the upwelling index, the Northern Oscillation index, sea surface temperatures, and the multivariate ENSO (El Nino Southern Oscillation) index into principal components analysis, a time series of environmental variability PC1env was developed for each month of the year. Over the interval 1972 through 1994, PC1bio most strongly correlated with PC1env for February and, to a lesser extent, January and March. Moreover, when each of the six biological time series was related to the 12 PC1env through stepwise multiple regression, February was always the most significant (p < 0.01). The same was true if upwelling index was substituted for PC1env. As upper-trophic predators, rockfish and seabirds independently corroborate that wintertime ocean conditions are critical for productivity in the California Current ecosystem. C1 [Black, Bryan A.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Schroeder, Isaac D.; Bograd, Steven J.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Sydeman, William J.] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. [Sydeman, William J.] Bodega Bay Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. [Lawson, Peter W.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Black, BA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, 2030 SE Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM bryan.black@oregonstate.edu RI Black, Bryan/A-7057-2009 FU California Ocean Protection Council and California Sea [R/OPCENV-07]; National Science Foundation [0929017] FX The seabird research was conducted on the Farallon National Wildlife Refuge under contract between PRBO Conservation Science (formerly Point Reyes Bird Observatory) and the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). We thank PRBO and USFWS for data contributions to this project. Funding for this analysis and write-up was provided by NOAA's Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program and the California Ocean Protection Council and California Sea Grant under grant R/OPCENV-07 entitled "Tackling climate change and ccological complexity: matches and mismatches in the seasonal cycle of California's marine flora and fauna". Funding was also provided through the National Science Foundation under grant 0929017 entitled "Importance of winter upwelling to California Current ecosystem dynamics." This is contribution no. 5 of the Farallon Institute and contribution no. 2510 of the Bodega Marine Laboratory. NR 45 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 16 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 67 IS 7 BP 1149 EP 1158 DI 10.1139/F10-055 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 623KZ UT WOS:000279739900009 ER PT J AU Warren, JD Demer, DA AF Warren, Joseph D. Demer, David A. TI Abundance and distribution of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) nearshore of Cape Shirreff, Livingston Island, Antarctica, during six austral summers between 2000 and 2007 SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SOUTH SHETLAND ISLANDS; ACOUSTIC SCATTERING; TARGET-STRENGTH; BIOMASS DENSITY; PREY ABUNDANCE; FUR SEALS; PENGUINS; ZOOPLANKTON; VARIABILITY; DEMOGRAPHY AB Abundance and distribution of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) in the nearshore waters north of Livingston Island, Antarctica, were characterized from six small-boat surveys conducted in late January or early February from 2000 to 2007. The first three surveys (2000, 2002, 2004) were conducted using a 120 kHz split-beam echosounder to measure water column acoustic backscatter. The last three surveys (2005-2007) were conducted using 38 kHz and 200 kHz singlebeam echosounders. A portion of the acoustic backscatter was attributed to Antarctic krill based on the results of net tows, underwater video observations, and a multiple-frequency acoustic classification algorithm. The annual mean krill biomass density in the survey area ranged from 11 to 84 g.m(-2). Results are compared with the western Scotia Sea area of the US Antarctic Marine Living Resources (AMLR) program's acoustic surveys of krill biomass density for the same years. Near-shore krill biomass densities were significantly larger (t test, p < 0.05), more stable, and the coefficients of variation were smaller than the much larger AMLR surveys. Increased competition between seals, penguins, and humans for the nearshore krill resource, especially during the austral summer months, could impact the recruitment success of these land-based krill predators. Implications of nearshore krill biomass on small-scale management units are discussed. C1 [Warren, Joseph D.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Southampton, NY 11968 USA. [Demer, David A.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Warren, JD (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 239 Montauk Highway, Southampton, NY 11968 USA. EM joe.warren@stonybrook.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-01-1-0166]; NOAA's Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC); National Science Foundation's Office of Polar Programs [OPP0338196, OPP-0633939]; Advanced Survey Technologies group (AST) at SWFSC FX The financial and logistical support of the US AMLR Program has made this work possible, and Rennie Holt, its Director, is thanked heartily. During 2001, J.D.W. joined this research as an Office of Naval Research postdoctoral fellow (grant no. N00014-01-1-0166) with D.A.D. at NOAA's Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC). The 20052007 field seasons were supported by the National Science Foundation's Office of Polar Programs (grants OPP0338196 and OPP-0633939) and the Advanced Survey Technologies group (AST) at SWFSC. The captains of R/V Ernest, Adam Jenkins (2000, 2002, 2004) and Steve Sessions (2005, 2006, and 2007), allowed these data to be safely collected in a wide variety of conditions. D.A.D.'s concept for R/V Ernest I was cleverly designed and skillfully built by Leif Knutsen (Big Foot Marine). Derek Needham and Steve Sessions assisted with the design and construction of R/V Ernest II. The Captain and crew of R/V Yuzhmorgeologiya provided a vigilant guard and reliable support for the small-boat operations. The scientists aboard the R/V Yuzhmorgeologiya provided great company and high-quality acoustic (A. Cossio, J. Emery, R. Hewitt, and C. Reiss), hydrographic and meteorologic (D. Needham, M. Prowse, M. Soule, and M. van den Berg), and zooplankton (V. Loeb and the zooplankton sampling teams) data. B. Cobb, B. Parker, D. Krause, and R. Haner of AMLR and J. Evans of NSF/Raytheon Polar Services provided logistical support for our land-based operations. Finally, this work was facilitated by the AMLR Cape Shirreff field camp personnel (led by R. Holt, M. Goebel, and W. Trivelpiece), who graciously welcomed, fed, and sheltered us during the small-boat operations. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 18 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 67 IS 7 BP 1159 EP 1170 DI 10.1139/F10-042 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 623KZ UT WOS:000279739900010 ER PT J AU Xue, YK De Sales, F Lau, WKM Boone, A Feng, JM Dirmeyer, P Guo, ZC Kim, KM Kitoh, A Kumar, V Poccard-Leclercq, I Mahowald, N Moufouma-Okia, W Pegion, P Rowell, DP Schemm, J Schubert, SD Sealy, A Thiaw, WM Vintzileos, A Williams, SF Wu, MLC AF Xue, Yongkang De Sales, Fernando Lau, W. K. -M. Boone, Aaron Feng, Jinming Dirmeyer, Paul Guo, Zhichang Kim, Kyu-Myong Kitoh, Akio Kumar, Vadlamani Poccard-Leclercq, Isabelle Mahowald, Natalie Moufouma-Okia, Wilfran Pegion, Phillip Rowell, David P. Schemm, Jae Schubert, Siegfried D. Sealy, Andrea Thiaw, Wassila M. Vintzileos, Augustin Williams, Steven F. Wu, Man-Li C. TI Intercomparison and analyses of the climatology of the West African Monsoon in the West African Monsoon Modeling and Evaluation project (WAMME) first model intercomparison experiment SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID AIR-TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY; TROPICAL NORTH-AFRICA; EASTERLY JET; RAINFALL VARIABILITY; FORECAST SYSTEM; PRECIPITATION; SIMULATIONS; ATMOSPHERE; FEEDBACK; 20TH-CENTURY AB This paper briefly presents the West African Monsoon (WAM) Modeling and Evaluation Project (WAMME) and evaluates WAMME general circulation models' (GCM) performances in simulating variability of WAM precipitation, surface temperature, and major circulation features at seasonal and intraseasonal scales in the first WAMME experiment. The analyses indicate that models with specified sea surface temperature generally have reasonable simulations of the pattern of spatial distribution of WAM seasonal mean precipitation and surface temperature as well as the averaged zonal wind in latitude-height cross-section and low level circulation. But there are large differences among models in simulating spatial correlation, intensity, and variance of precipitation compared with observations. Furthermore, the majority of models fail to produce proper intensities of the African Easterly Jet (AEJ) and the tropical easterly jet. AMMA Land Surface Model Intercomparison Project (ALMIP) data are used to analyze the association between simulated surface processes and the WAM and to investigate the WAM mechanism. It has been identified that the spatial distributions of surface sensible heat flux, surface temperature, and moisture convergence are closely associated with the simulated spatial distribution of precipitation; while surface latent heat flux is closely associated with the AEJ and contributes to divergence in AEJ simulation. Common empirical orthogonal functions (CEOF) analysis is applied to characterize the WAM precipitation evolution and has identified a major WAM precipitation mode and two temperature modes (Sahara mode and Sahel mode). Results indicate that the WAMME models produce reasonable temporal evolutions of major CEOF modes but have deficiencies/uncertainties in producing variances explained by major modes. Furthermore, the CEOF analysis shows that WAM precipitation evolution is closely related to the enhanced Sahara mode and the weakened Sahel mode, supporting the evidence revealed in the analysis using ALMIP data. An analysis of variability of CEOF modes suggests that the Sahara mode leads the WAM evolution, and divergence in simulating this mode contributes to discrepancies in the precipitation simulation. C1 [Xue, Yongkang; De Sales, Fernando; Feng, Jinming] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Lau, W. K. -M.; Pegion, Phillip; Schubert, Siegfried D.; Wu, Man-Li C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Boone, Aaron] Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, Toulouse, France. [Feng, Jinming] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Dirmeyer, Paul; Guo, Zhichang] Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Interact, Calverton, MD USA. [Kim, Kyu-Myong] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Kitoh, Akio] Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. [Kumar, Vadlamani; Pegion, Phillip; Schemm, Jae; Thiaw, Wassila M.; Vintzileos, Augustin] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Kumar, Vadlamani] Wyle Informat Syst, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Poccard-Leclercq, Isabelle] Univ Bourgogne, CNRS, UMR5210, Ctr Rech Climatol, Dijon, France. [Mahowald, Natalie] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Moufouma-Okia, Wilfran; Rowell, David P.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Sealy, Andrea] Caribbean Inst Meteorol & Hydrol, St James, Barbados. [Vintzileos, Augustin] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Williams, Steven F.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Xue, YK (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. EM yxue@geog.ucla.edu RI Pegion, Philip/E-5247-2012; Mahowald, Natalie/D-8388-2013; De Sales, Fernando/G-6551-2013; Kim, Kyu-Myong/G-5398-2014; Lau, William /E-1510-2012; Dirmeyer, Paul/B-6553-2016; OI Mahowald, Natalie/0000-0002-2873-997X; Lau, William /0000-0002-3587-3691; Dirmeyer, Paul/0000-0003-3158-1752; Sealy, Andrea/0000-0001-8369-8851 FU CEOP; U.S. NSF [ATM-0751030, ATM-0353606]; NASA; NOAA; European Union; U.K. Joint DECC Defra and MoD Integrated Climate Programme [GA01101, CBC/2B/0417_Annex C5] FX We appreciate CEOP's support for the WAMME project, including use of the NCAR database for the first WAMME experiment. The WAMME analysis is supported by U.S. NSF grants ATM-0751030 and ATM-0353606 and by Dr. Hal Maring of the NASA Interdisciplinary Investigation Program and Dr. R. Kakar of the Precipitation Measuring Mission, NASA Headquarters. Each WAMME model group's efforts are supported by U.S. NSF, NASA, and NOAA; the European Union; the U.K. Joint DECC Defra and MoD Integrated Climate Programme (GA01101, CBC/2B/0417_Annex C5); and other funding agencies. We appreciate NCEP CPC providing GTS data for this analysis. We also greatly appreciate the two anonymous reviewers and Prof. Edwin Schneider for their constructive and helpful reviews, which help greatly improve this paper. Special thanks go to Scot Loehre of NCAR for managing the WAMME data sets on the NCAR Database. NR 64 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 35 IS 1 SI SI BP 3 EP 27 DI 10.1007/s00382-010-0778-2 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 616NK UT WOS:000279215900002 ER PT J AU Meinen, CS Baringer, MO Garcia, RF AF Meinen, Christopher S. Baringer, Molly O. Garcia, Rigoberto F. TI Florida Current transport variability: An analysis of annual and longer-period signals SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE Florida Current; Gulf Stream; Transport; Time series; Cable; Float ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; NORTH-ATLANTIC; APRIL 1982; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; LOW-FREQUENCY; 27-DEGREES-N; STRAITS; OCEAN; SEA; 26.5-DEGREES-N AB More than forty years of Florida Current transport estimates are combined to study annual and longer-term variability in this important component of the MOC and subtropical gyre. A detailed analysis with error estimates illustrates the difficulties in extracting annual and longer time scale variability given the strong higher frequency energy present. The annual cycle represents less than 10% of the total Florida Current transport variance in a 16 yr segment of the record, while interannual (13-42 month) variability represents only 13% of the total and periods longer than 42 months represents less than 10% of the total. Given the observed high frequency variability of the Florida Current, in order to get a monthly mean that is accurate to within 0.5 Sv (one standard error level) more than 20 daily observations are needed. To obtain an estimate of the annual climatology that is "accurate" to within 20% of its own standard deviation, at least 24 yr of data is needed. More than 40 observations spread throughout a year are required to obtain an annual mean that is accurate to within 0.5 Sv. Despite these daunting data requirements, there is sufficient data now to evaluate both the annual cycle of the Florida Current transport with a high degree of accuracy and to begin to determine the longer period transport variability. Comparison of the Florida Current, NAO and wind stress curl records shows that a recently described Sverdrup-based mechanism explains a significant fraction of the long-period variability primarily during the 1986-1998 time window, with other mechanisms clearly dominating before and after. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Meinen, Christopher S.; Baringer, Molly O.] NOAA, AOML, PHOD, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Garcia, Rigoberto F.] UM CIMAS, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Meinen, CS (reprint author), NOAA, AOML, PHOD, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Christopher.Meinen@noaa.gov; Molly.Baringer@noaa.gov; Rigoberto.Garcia@noaa.gov RI Meinen, Christopher/G-1902-2012; Baringer, Molly/D-2277-2012 OI Meinen, Christopher/0000-0002-8846-6002; Baringer, Molly/0000-0002-8503-5194 FU NOAA Office of Climate Observations FX The authors of this paper want to point out that research such as that discussed herein can only be done through the good will and dedicated work of many generations of scientists. As such, we would like to share our thanks with the many fine researchers who collected, processed, and published this data over the past 40+ years. Particular thanks are made to Jimmy Larsen, Robert Molinari and Fritz Schott, who provided significant help in finding and making sense of historical data sets from the Florida Straits. Helpful conversations with Bill Johns, Tom Sanford, and Tony Sturges on these topics are also gratefully acknowledged. Robert Molinari and the anonymous reviewers also provided a number of very helpful suggestions for improving an earlier draft of this manuscript. This work is supported through the Western Boundary Time Series project, which is funded through the NOAA Office of Climate Observations. The Florida Current data are made freely available by AOML Physical Oceanography Division at www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/floridacurrent through funding from the NOAA Office of Climate Observations. NR 60 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 EI 1879-0119 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 57 IS 7 BP 835 EP 846 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2010.04.001 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 621KL UT WOS:000279576600001 ER PT J AU McGillicuddy, DJ Lavelle, JW Thurnherr, AM Kosnyrev, VK Mullineaux, LS AF McGillicuddy, D. J., Jr. Lavelle, J. W. Thurnherr, A. M. Kosnyrev, V. K. Mullineaux, L. S. TI Larval dispersion along an axially symmetric mid-ocean ridge SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE East Pacific Rise; Larval transport; Larval behavior; Modeling; Physical-biological interactions ID HYDROTHERMAL VENT PLUMES; EAST PACIFIC RISE; DE-FUCA RIDGE; CURRENTS; OCEAN; INVERTEBRATES; EVOLUTION; TRANSPORT; PATTERNS; FLOWS AB We investigated planktonic larval transport processes along an axially symmetric mid-ocean ridge with characteristics similar to that of the East Pacific Rise (EPR) segment at 9-10 degrees N. The hydrodynamic basis for this study is a primitive equation model implemented in two dimensions (depth and across-ridge), forced at the open boundaries to provide suitably realistic simulation of currents observed on the EPR ridge crest from May to November 1999. Three-dimensional trajectories of numerical larvae are computed assuming homogeneity in currents in the along-ridge direction. Larval dispersal fluctuates significantly in time. Transport distance decreases systematically with height above the bottom where numerical larvae are less subject to strong currents along the flanks of the ridge. The probability that the simulated larvae will be located near the ridge crest at settlement depends strongly on their behavioral characteristics (vertical position in the water column during the larval stage) and the length of their precompetency period. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [McGillicuddy, D. J., Jr.; Kosnyrev, V. K.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Lavelle, J. W.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Thurnherr, A. M.] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Mullineaux, L. S.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP McGillicuddy, DJ (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM dmcgillicuddy@whoi.edu; j.william.lavelle@noaa.gov; ant@ldeo.columbia.edu; lmullineaux@whoi.edu FU NSF [OCE-0424953]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA); NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of NSF grant OCE-0424953, which funded the Larval Dispersion along the Deep East Pacific Rise (LADDER) project. JWL was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Vents Program and by NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory. Discussions with our LADDER colleague Jim Ledwell were very valuable to the analysis described herein. Comments and suggestions by three anonymous reviewers and Associate Editor Andrew Gooday were of great help in improving the original manuscript. NR 41 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 EI 1879-0119 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 57 IS 7 BP 880 EP 892 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2010.04.003 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 621KL UT WOS:000279576600005 ER PT J AU Dickens, SH Flaim, GM Floyd, CJE AF Dickens, Sabine H. Flaim, Glenn M. Floyd, Cynthia J. E. TI Effects of adhesive, base and diluent monomers on water sorption and conversion of experimental resins SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Dental polymers; Water sorption; Solubility; Solubility parameters; Resin composition; Hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties ID CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE CEMENTS; DENTAL RESINS AB Objectives. To establish the relationship of resin composition and resin hydrophilicity (indicated by solubility parameters and log P) to water sorption (WS), solubility, and degree of double bond conversion (DC) of resin mixtures designed for adhesive restoratives by varying the concentration of pyromellitic glycerol dimethacrylate (PMGDM) and various co-monomers. Methods. Sixteen resin mixtures were prepared with (30-70) mass fraction % PMGDM. At given PMGDM concentrations there were up to five compositions with increasing log P. Polymer disks (13 mm x 0.7 mm) were exposed to 96% relative humidity (RH) to determine water sorption in humid atmosphere (WSH) and subsequently immersed in water for immersion water sorption (WSI) and solubility. DC was assessed by near infrared spectroscopy. Results. WSI was somewhat higher than WSH, which ranged from(2.1 to 5.3) mass fraction %. Both data were positively correlated to PMGDM concentrations [Pearson correlation, p < 0.02; R(2) = 0.74, 0.73 (WSI)] and solubility (R(2) = 0.64), but not to log P. When grouped by structural similarities, i.e., base resins with bisphenol A core (Group B), Group O containing diluent monomers, or Group U containing urethane dimethacrylate, WS within each group was inversely correlated to log P with R(2) = 0.98, 0.81, 0.95, and WS/solubility correlation improved with R(2) = 0.88, 0.92 and 0.75, respectively. Solubility ranging from 0.3% to 2.3% was inversely related to DC (r = -0.872). Conversion ranging from 41% to 81% was lower for resins with high base monomer concentrations and highest in mixtures with UDMA. Significance. Log P was a good predictor of WS after grouping the resins according to functional, compositional and structural similarities. WS and conversion were reasonably well predicted from Hoy's solubility parameters and other physical resin properties. (C) 2010 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dickens, Sabine H.; Flaim, Glenn M.; Floyd, Cynthia J. E.] NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dickens, SH (reprint author), NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Bldg 244,Rm A153,100 Bur Dr Stop 8546, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sabine.dickens@nist.gov FU American Dental Association Foundation; National Institute of Standards and Technology; National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research [DE13298] FX The support by the American Dental Association Foundation, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Grant No. DE13298 is gratefully acknowledged. We also thank Esstech Co. for the generous supply of the EBPADMA and UDMA monomers used in this study. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 26 IS 7 BP 675 EP 681 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2010.03.011 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA 607TU UT WOS:000278530300008 PM 20362326 ER PT J AU Matsche, MA Overton, A Jacobs, J Rhodes, MR Rosemary, KM AF Matsche, Mark A. Overton, Anthony Jacobs, John Rhodes, Matt R. Rosemary, Kevin M. TI Low prevalence of splenic mycobacteriosis in migratory striped bass Morone saxatilis from North Carolina and Chesapeake Bay, USA SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Mycobacteriosis; Striped bass; North Carolina; Chesapeake Bay; Migratory ID ATLANTIC COAST; INFECTIONS; FISHERY; MORTALITY; MARINUM; HUDSON; STOCKS; RATES AB Mycobacteriosis is a chronic bacterial disease causing an ongoing epizootic in striped bass Morone saxatilis in Chesapeake Bay, USA. Prevalence of disease is high in pre-migratory fish, and multiple species of Mycobacterium spp. have been isolated. However, prevalence of mycobacteriosis in the coastal migratory population is unknown and is of concern to multiple coastal states, as disease-related mortality may impact the long-term health of the population. Histological examinations of spleens collected from fish caught by recreational anglers during the winter fishery in coastal North Carolina (2005-2006, n = 249) and during the spring fishery in Chesapeake Bay (2006, n = 120) indicated a low prevalence of mycobacteriosis (6.8% of all fish examined) in comparison to smaller, pre-migratory Chesapeake Bay fish. Genus-level PCR and subsequent sequencing of the 16-23S intergenic transcribed spacer (ITS) region revealed that all bacteria were phylogenetically related, but species is unknown. Location of survey, gender of fish, and total length of fish had no significant effect on prevalence of mycobacteriosis, parasitic granulomas, or the density of splenic granulomas (p > 0.05). These results may indicate that either granulomas resolve after Chesapeake Bay fish enter the coastal migratory population, or that there is disease-related mortality among pre-migratory Chesapeake Bay fish. C1 [Matsche, Mark A.; Rosemary, Kevin M.] Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. [Overton, Anthony] E Carolina Univ, Harriot Coll Arts & Sci, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. [Jacobs, John] NOAA, NCCOS, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. [Rhodes, Matt R.] JHT Inc, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. RP Matsche, MA (reprint author), Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. EM mmatsche@dnr.state.md.us FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Maryland Department of Natural Resources; Chesapeake Bay Ecological Foundation FX We thank W. Laney (United States Fish and Wildlife Service), H. King (Maryland Department of Natural Resources), and J. Price (Chesapeake Bay Ecological Foundation) for their financial support. We also thank personnel at the Oregon Inlet Fishing Center, particularly M. Swain, for use of their facilities; and J. Clermont, M. Butler, C. Lee, and N. Jones for assisting in the field collections. We also thank H. Townsend for assistance with statistical analysis; J. Blazek, S. Lehmann, and S. Tyler for tissue processing; and D. Howard for processing samples for PCR analysis. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 90 IS 3 BP 181 EP 189 DI 10.3354/dao02226 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 621GV UT WOS:000279564800003 PM 20815326 ER PT J AU White, JW Samhouri, JF Stier, AC Wormald, CL Hamilton, SL Sandin, SA AF White, J. Wilson Samhouri, Jameal F. Stier, Adrian C. Wormald, Clare L. Hamilton, Scott L. Sandin, Stuart A. TI Synthesizing mechanisms of density dependence in reef fishes: behavior, habitat configuration, and observational scale SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE direct density dependence; inverse density dependence; patch vs. continuous reef; reef fish; refuge-based aggregation; shoaling; social aggregation; spatial scaling ID MARINE FISH; POPULATION REGULATION; POSTSETTLEMENT MORTALITY; SPATIAL SCALE; COMPETITIVE INTERACTIONS; FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSES; RECRUITMENT DYNAMICS; PREDATION RISK; PREY MORTALITY; SITE QUALITY AB Coral and rocky reef fish populations are widely used as model systems for the experimental exploration of density-dependent vital rates, but patterns of density-dependent mortality in these systems are not yet fully understood. In particular, the paradigm for strong, directly density-dependent (DDD) postsettlement mortality stands in contrast to recent evidence for inversely density-dependent (IDD) mortality. We review the processes responsible for DDD and IDD per capita mortality in reef fishes, noting that the pattern observed depends on predator and prey behavior, the spatial configuration of the reef habitat, and the spatial and temporal scales of observation. Specifically, predators tend to produce DDD prey mortality at their characteristic spatial scale of foraging, but prey mortality is IDD at smaller spatial scales due to attack-abatement effects (e. g., risk dilution). As a result, DDD mortality may be more common than IDD mortality on patch reefs, which tend to constrain predator foraging to the same scale as prey aggregation, eliminating attack-abatement effects. Additionally, adjacent groups of prey on continuous reefs may share a subset of refuges, increasing per capita refuge availability and relaxing DDD mortality relative to prey on patch reefs, where the patch edge could prevent such refuge sharing. These hypotheses lead to a synthetic framework to predict expected mortality patterns for a variety of scenarios. For nonsocial, nonaggregating species and species that aggregate in order to take advantage of spatially clumped refuges, IDD mortality is possible but likely superseded by DDD refuge competition, especially on patch reefs. By contrast, for species that aggregate socially, mortality should be IDD at the scale of individual aggregations but DDD at larger scales. The results of nearly all prior reef fish studies fit within this framework, although additional work is needed to test many of the predicted outcomes. This synthesis reconciles some apparent contradictions in the recent reef fish literature and suggests the importance of accounting for the scale-sensitive details of predator and prey behavior in any study system. C1 [White, J. Wilson] Univ Calif Davis, Bodega Marine Lab, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. [Samhouri, Jameal F.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Stier, Adrian C.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Wormald, Clare L.] Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Biol, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. [Hamilton, Scott L.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Sandin, Stuart A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP White, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Bodega Marine Lab, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. EM jwwhite@ucdavis.edu NR 101 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 45 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUL PY 2010 VL 91 IS 7 BP 1949 EP 1961 DI 10.1890/09-0298.1 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 621GL UT WOS:000279563700010 PM 20715614 ER PT J AU Kaplan, DM Hart, DR Botsford, LW AF Kaplan, David M. Hart, Deborah R. Botsford, Louis W. TI Rotating spatial harvests and fishing effort displacement: a comment on Game et al. (2009) SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Fisheries management; fishing effort displacement; marine protected areas; periodic closures; population dynamics; pulse fishing; rotational fishing; rotational spatial harvests ID SCALLOP PLACOPECTEN-MAGELLANICUS; MARINE RESERVES; MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES AB Game et al. (2009) explored using rapid rotational fishing for increasing herbivore biomass. Their results depend crucially on the assumption that fishing effort that was in closures disappears, rather than shifting elsewhere. If effort shifts, rapid rotation has no effects, but previous age-structured analyses show benefits of longer period rotation that are robust to effort displacement. C1 [Kaplan, David M.] Ctr Rech Halieut, Inst Rech Dev, UMR 212, EME, F-34203 Sete, France. [Botsford, Louis W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hart, Deborah R.] NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Kaplan, DM (reprint author), Ctr Rech Halieut, Inst Rech Dev, UMR 212, EME, Av Jean Monnet,BP 171, F-34203 Sete, France. EM david.kaplan@ird.fr RI Kaplan, David M./G-5230-2010 OI Kaplan, David M./0000-0001-6087-359X FU French National Research Agency (ANR) [ANR-08-STRA-03]; California Sea Grant FX DMK received financial support from the AMPED project (http://www.amped.ird.fr) through a grant from the French National Research Agency (ANR), Systerra Programme, grant number ANR-08-STRA-03. LWB was supported by the California Sea Grant. The authors thank Fred Serchuk for his helpful comments. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 13 IS 7 BP E10 EP E12 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01499.x PG 3 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 611FU UT WOS:000278798100001 PM 20636770 ER PT J AU Mayorga, E Seitzinger, SP Harrison, JA Dumont, E Beusen, AHW Bouwman, AF Fekete, BM Kroeze, C Van Drecht, G AF Mayorga, Emilio Seitzinger, Sybil P. Harrison, John A. Dumont, Egon Beusen, Arthur H. W. Bouwman, A. F. Fekete, Balazs M. Kroeze, Carolien Van Drecht, Gerard TI Global Nutrient Export from WaterSheds 2 (NEWS 2): Model development and implementation SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Global NEWS; Nutrients; Millennium ecosystem assessment scenarios; Basin models; Global river exports; Coastal inputs ID LAND-USE CHANGE; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; RIVER DISCHARGE; WORLD RIVERS; NITROGEN; IMPACT; OCEAN; SEDIMENT; FORESTS; CLIMATE AB Global NEWS is a global, spatially explicit, multi-element and multi-form model of nutrient exports by rivers. Here we present NEWS 2, the new version of Global NEWS developed as part of a Millennium Ecosystem Assessment scenario implementation from hindcast (1970) to contemporary (2000) and future scenario trajectories (2030 & 2050). We provide a detailed model description and present an overview of enhancements to input datasets, emphasizing an integrated view of nutrient form sub-models and contrasts with previous NEWS models (NEWS 1). An important difference with NEWS 1 is our unified model framework (multi-element, multi-form) that facilitates detailed watershed comparisons regionally and by element or form. NEWS 2 performs approximately as well as NEWS 1 while incorporating previously uncharacterized factors. Although contemporary global river export estimates for dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and particulates show notable reductions, they are within the range of previous studies: global exports for other nutrient forms are comparable to NEWS 1. NEWS 2 can be used as an effective tool to examine the impact of polices to reduce coastal eutrophication at regional to global scales. Continued enhancements will focus on the incorporation of other forms and sub-basin spatial variability in drivers and retention processes. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mayorga, Emilio; Seitzinger, Sybil P.] Rutgers State Univ, Rutgers NOAA CMER Program, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Harrison, John A.] Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. [Dumont, Egon] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Wallingford OX10 8BB, Oxon, England. [Bouwman, A. F.; Van Drecht, Gerard] Netherlands Environm Assessment Agcy PBL, NL-3720 AH Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Fekete, Balazs M.] CUNY City Coll, CUNY Environm Cross Rd Initiat, Global Water Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Kroeze, Carolien] Open Univ Netherlands, Sch Sci, NL-6401 DL Heerlen, Netherlands. [Kroeze, Carolien] Wageningen Univ, Environm Syst Anal Grp, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Mayorga, E (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Box 355640, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM mayorga@apl.washington.edu RI Harrison, John/F-2280-2011; Bouwman, Lex/B-7053-2012; Dumont, Egon/G-9585-2013; Bouwman, Lex/F-1444-2015; OI Dumont, Egon/0000-0002-7605-9434; Bouwman, Lex/0000-0002-2045-1859; Mayorga, Emilio/0000-0003-2574-4623 FU UNESCO-IOC; NASA; NOAA FX We are grateful to UNESCO-IOC for supporting this work and to Charles Vorosmarty, Dominik Wisser, Rosalynn Lee, Gilles Billen, Josette Gamier and the rest of the Global NEWS working group for useful discussion and feedback. We thank Cory Cleveland and Chris Neill for discussions on tropical nitrogen cycling. NASA supported the work of E. M., S. P. S., J. A. H. and B. M. F. NOAA additionally supported the work of S. P. S. The work of A. H. W. B., A. F. B. and G. V. was part of the project Integrated Terrestrial Modeling of the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL). NR 65 TC 105 Z9 108 U1 13 U2 83 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 25 IS 7 BP 837 EP 853 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2010.01.007 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 588VY UT WOS:000277103800003 ER PT J AU Brown, JD Demargne, J Seo, DJ Liu, YQ AF Brown, James D. Demargne, Julie Seo, Dong-Jun Liu, Yuqiong TI The Ensemble Verification System (EVS): A software tool for verifying ensemble forecasts of hydrometeorological and hydrologic variables at discrete locations SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Probability forecasts; Forecast quality; Verification; Uncertainty; Java; Ensemble forecasting ID DISTRIBUTIONS-ORIENTED VERIFICATION; NATIONAL-WEATHER-SERVICE; PROBABILISTIC FORECASTS; DIAGNOSTIC VERIFICATION; STREAMFLOW PREDICTIONS; RELIABILITY DIAGRAMS; FRAMEWORK; UNCERTAINTY; QUALITY; STATISTICS AB Ensemble forecasting is widely used in meteorology and, increasingly, in hydrology to quantify and propagate uncertainty. In practice, ensemble forecasts cannot account for every source of uncertainty, and many uncertainties are difficult to quantify accurately. Thus, ensemble forecasts are subject to errors, which may be correlated in space and time and may be systematic. Ensemble verification is necessary to quantify these errors, and to better understand the sources of predictive error and skill in particular modeling situations. The Ensemble Verification System (EVS) is a flexible, user-friendly, software tool that is designed to verify ensemble forecasts of numeric variables, such as temperature, precipitation and streamflow. It can be applied to forecasts from any number of discrete locations, which may be issued with any frequency and lead time. The EVS can also produce and verify forecasts that are aggregated in time, such as daily precipitation totals based on hourly forecasts, and can aggregate verification statistics across several discrete locations. This paper is separated into four parts. It begins with an overview of the EVS and the structure of the Graphical User Interface. The verification metrics available in the EVS are then described. These include metrics that verify the forecast probabilities and metrics that verify the ensemble mean forecast. Several new verification metrics are also presented. Following a description of the Application Programming Interface, the procedure for adding a new metric to the EVS is briefly outlined. Finally, the EVS is illustrated with two examples from the National Weather Service (NWS), one focusing on ensemble forecasts of precipitation from the NWS Ensemble Pre-Processor and one focusing on ensemble forecasts of streamflow from the NWS Ensemble Streamflow Prediction system. The conclusions address future enhancements to, and applications of, the EVS. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Brown, James D.; Demargne, Julie; Seo, Dong-Jun; Liu, Yuqiong] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Brown, James D.; Demargne, Julie; Seo, Dong-Jun] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Liu, Yuqiong] Riverside Technol Inc, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Brown, JD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, 1325 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM james.d.brown@noaa.gov RI Liu, Yuqiong/B-4318-2012 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) through the Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS); Climate Prediction Program for the Americas (CPPA) FX We would like to thank Holly Hartmann and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on an earlier draft of this paper. This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) through the Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS) and the Climate Prediction Program for the Americas (CPPA). Reference in this manuscript to any specific commercial products, processes, or services, or the use of any trade, firm or corporation name does not constitute endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or the National Weather Service. NR 70 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 5 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 EI 1873-6726 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 25 IS 7 BP 854 EP 872 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2010.01.009 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 588VY UT WOS:000277103800004 ER PT J AU Arkin, PA Smith, TM Sapiano, MRP Janowiak, J AF Arkin, Phillip A. Smith, Thomas M. Sapiano, Mathew R. P. Janowiak, John TI The observed sensitivity of the global hydrological cycle to changes in surface temperature SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE global change hydrological cycle ID AIR-TEMPERATURE; WATER-VAPOR; PRECIPITATION; GPCP; REANALYSIS; PRODUCTS; DATASET; FLUXES; HEAT AB Climate models project large changes in global surface temperature in coming decades that are expected to be accompanied by significant changes in the global hydrological cycle. Validation of model simulations is essential to support their use in decision making, but observing the elements of the hydrological cycle is challenging, and model-independent global data sets exist only for precipitation. We compute the sensitivity of the global hydrological cycle to changes in surface temperature using available global precipitation data sets and compare the results against the sensitivities derived from model simulations of 20th century climate. The implications of the results for the global climate observing system are discussed. C1 [Arkin, Phillip A.; Janowiak, John] Univ Maryland, CICS ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Smith, Thomas M.] NOAA STAR SCSB, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Sapiano, Mathew R. P.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Arkin, PA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, CICS ESSIC, 5825 Univ Res Court,Suite 4001, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RI Smith, Thomas M./F-5626-2010 OI Smith, Thomas M./0000-0001-7469-7849 FU Cooperative Institute for Climate Satellites, NOAA [NA09NES4400006] FX This project is supported in part by the Cooperative Institute for Climate Satellites, NOAA Grant NA09NES4400006. The contents of this paper are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the US Government. Comments and suggestions from two anonymous reviewers and two members of the Editorial Board were extremely valuable in creating the final version of this manuscript. NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 18 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD JUL-SEP PY 2010 VL 5 IS 3 AR 035201 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/5/3/035201 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 655TX UT WOS:000282273700015 ER PT J AU Yi, CX Ricciuto, D Li, R Wolbeck, J Xu, XY Nilsson, M Aires, L Albertson, JD Ammann, C Arain, MA de Araujo, AC Aubinet, M Aurela, M Barcza, Z Barr, A Berbigier, P Beringer, J Bernhofer, C Black, AT Bolstad, PV Bosveld, FC Broadmeadow, MSJ Buchmann, N Burns, SP Cellier, P Chen, JM Chen, JQ Ciais, P Clement, R Cook, BD Curtis, PS Dail, DB Dellwik, E Delpierre, N Desai, AR Dore, S Dragoni, D Drake, BG Dufrene, E Dunn, A Elbers, J Eugster, W Falk, M Feigenwinter, C Flanagan, LB Foken, T Frank, J Fuhrer, J Gianelle, D Goldstein, A Goulden, M Granier, A Grunwald, T Gu, L Guo, HQ Hammerle, A Han, SJ Hanan, NP Haszpra, L Heinesch, B Helfter, C Hendriks, D Hutley, LB Ibrom, A Jacobs, C Johansson, T Jongen, M Katul, G Kiely, G Klumpp, K Knohl, A Kolb, T Kutsch, WL Lafleur, P Laurila, T Leuning, R Lindroth, A Liu, HP Loubet, B Manca, G Marek, M Margolis, HA Martin, TA Massman, WJ Matamala, R Matteucci, G McCaughey, H Merbold, L Meyers, T Migliavacca, M Miglietta, F Misson, L Moelder, M Moncrieff, J Monson, RK Montagnani, L Montes-Helu, M Moors, E Moureaux, C Mukelabai, MM Munger, JW Myklebust, M Nagy, Z Noormets, A Oechel, W Oren, R Pallardy, SG Kyaw, TPU Pereira, JS Pilegaard, K Pinter, K Pio, C Pita, G Powell, TL Rambal, S Randerson, JT von Randow, C Rebmann, C Rinne, J Rossi, F Roulet, N Ryel, RJ Sagerfors, J Saigusa, N Sanz, MJ Mugnozza, GS Schmid, HP Seufert, G Siqueira, M Soussana, JF Starr, G Sutton, MA Tenhunen, J Tuba, Z Tuovinen, JP Valentini, R Vogel, CS Wang, JX Wang, SQ Wang, WG Welp, LR Wen, XF Wharton, S Wilkinson, M Williams, CA Wohlfahrt, G Yamamoto, S Yu, GR Zampedri, R Zhao, B Zhao, XQ AF Yi, Chuixiang Ricciuto, Daniel Li, Runze Wolbeck, John Xu, Xiyan Nilsson, Mats Aires, Luis Albertson, John D. Ammann, Christof Arain, M. Altaf de Araujo, Alessandro C. Aubinet, Marc Aurela, Mika Barcza, Zoltan Barr, Alan Berbigier, Paul Beringer, Jason Bernhofer, Christian Black, Andrew T. Bolstad, Paul V. Bosveld, Fred C. Broadmeadow, Mark S. J. Buchmann, Nina Burns, Sean P. Cellier, Pierre Chen, Jingming Chen, Jiquan Ciais, Philippe Clement, Robert Cook, Bruce D. Curtis, Peter S. Dail, D. Bryan Dellwik, Ebba Delpierre, Nicolas Desai, Ankur R. Dore, Sabina Dragoni, Danilo Drake, Bert G. Dufrene, Eric Dunn, Allison Elbers, Jan Eugster, Werner Falk, Matthias Feigenwinter, Christian Flanagan, Lawrence B. Foken, Thomas Frank, John Fuhrer, Juerg Gianelle, Damiano Goldstein, Allen Goulden, Mike Granier, Andre Gruenwald, Thomas Gu, Lianhong Guo, Haiqiang Hammerle, Albin Han, Shijie Hanan, Niall P. Haszpra, Laszlo Heinesch, Bernard Helfter, Carole Hendriks, Dimmie Hutley, Lindsay B. Ibrom, Andreas Jacobs, Cor Johansson, Torbjoern Jongen, Marjan Katul, Gabriel Kiely, Gerard Klumpp, Katja Knohl, Alexander Kolb, Thomas Kutsch, Werner L. Lafleur, Peter Laurila, Tuomas Leuning, Ray Lindroth, Anders Liu, Heping Loubet, Benjamin Manca, Giovanni Marek, Michal Margolis, Hank A. Martin, Timothy A. Massman, William J. Matamala, Roser Matteucci, Giorgio McCaughey, Harry Merbold, Lutz Meyers, Tilden Migliavacca, Mirco Miglietta, Franco Misson, Laurent Moelder, Meelis Moncrieff, John Monson, Russell K. Montagnani, Leonardo Montes-Helu, Mario Moors, Eddy Moureaux, Christine Mukelabai, Mukufute M. Munger, J. William Myklebust, May Nagy, Zoltan Noormets, Asko Oechel, Walter Oren, Ram Pallardy, Stephen G. Kyaw, Tha Paw U. Pereira, Joao S. Pilegaard, Kim Pinter, Krisztina Pio, Casimiro Pita, Gabriel Powell, Thomas L. Rambal, Serge Randerson, James T. von Randow, Celso Rebmann, Corinna Rinne, Janne Rossi, Federica Roulet, Nigel Ryel, Ronald J. Sagerfors, Jorgen Saigusa, Nobuko Sanz, Maria Jose Mugnozza, Giuseppe-Scarascia Schmid, Hans Peter Seufert, Guenther Siqueira, Mario Soussana, Jean-Francois Starr, Gregory Sutton, Mark A. Tenhunen, John Tuba, Zoltan Tuovinen, Juha-Pekka Valentini, Riccardo Vogel, Christoph S. Wang, Jingxin Wang, Shaoqiang Wang, Weiguo Welp, Lisa R. Wen, Xuefa Wharton, Sonia Wilkinson, Matthew Williams, Christopher A. Wohlfahrt, Georg Yamamoto, Susumu Yu, Guirui Zampedri, Roberto Zhao, Bin Zhao, Xinquan TI Climate control of terrestrial carbon exchange across biomes and continents SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE NEE; climate control; terrestrial carbon sequestration; temperature; dryness; eddy flux; biomes; photosynthesis; respiration; global carbon cycle ID EDDY-COVARIANCE MEASUREMENTS; LONG-TERM; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; SOIL RESPIRATION; DECIDUOUS FOREST; WATER-VAPOR; FLUXES; DIOXIDE; UNCERTAINTY AB Understanding the relationships between climate and carbon exchange by terrestrial ecosystems is critical to predict future levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide because of the potential accelerating effects of positive climate-carbon cycle feedbacks. However, directly observed relationships between climate and terrestrial CO2 exchange with the atmosphere across biomes and continents are lacking. Here we present data describing the relationships between net ecosystem exchange of carbon (NEE) and climate factors as measured using the eddy covariance method at 125 unique sites in various ecosystems over six continents with a total of 559 site-years. We find that NEE observed at eddy covariance sites is (1) a strong function of mean annual temperature at mid-and high-latitudes, (2) a strong function of dryness at mid-and low-latitudes, and (3) a function of both temperature and dryness around the mid-latitudinal belt (45 degrees N). The sensitivity of NEE to mean annual temperature breaks down at similar to 16 degrees C (a threshold value of mean annual temperature), above which no further increase of CO2 uptake with temperature was observed and dryness influence overrules temperature influence. C1 [Yi, Chuixiang; Wolbeck, John; Xu, Xiyan] CUNY, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Queens Coll, New York, NY 11367 USA. [Ricciuto, Daniel; Gu, Lianhong] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Li, Runze] Penn State Univ, Dept Stat, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Nilsson, Mats; Sagerfors, Jorgen] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Ecol, SE-90183 Umea, Sweden. [Albertson, John D.] Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Ammann, Christof; Fuhrer, Juerg] Fed Res Stn Agroscope Reckenholz Tanikon, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland. [Arain, M. Altaf] McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. [de Araujo, Alessandro C.] Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, BR-69060 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Aubinet, Marc; Heinesch, Bernard; Moureaux, Christine] Univ Liege, Unit Biosyst Phys, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium. [Laurila, Tuomas; Tuovinen, Juha-Pekka] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Barcza, Zoltan] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Meteorol, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. [Barr, Alan] Environm Canada, Div Climate Res, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada. [Berbigier, Paul] EPHYSE, UR1263, INRA, F-33883 Villenave Dornon, France. [Beringer, Jason] Monash Univ, Sch Geog & Environm Sci, Clayton, Vic, Australia. [Bernhofer, Christian] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Hydrol & Meteorol, D-01737 Tharandt, Germany. [Black, Andrew T.] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Bolstad, Paul V.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Bosveld, Fred C.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. [Broadmeadow, Mark S. J.; Wilkinson, Matthew] Alice Holt Lodge, Forest Res, Farnham GU10 4LH, Surrey, England. [Buchmann, Nina; Eugster, Werner; Knohl, Alexander] Inst Plant Sci, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland. [Burns, Sean P.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Cellier, Pierre; Loubet, Benjamin] UMR INRA INA PG, Environm & Arable Crops Unit, F-78850 Thiverval Grignon, France. [Chen, Jingming] Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada. [Chen, Jiquan] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Ciais, Philippe] CNRS, CEA, UMR, LSCE, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Clement, Robert; Moncrieff, John] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH9 3JU, Midlothian, Scotland. [Cook, Bruce D.] NASAs Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Curtis, Peter S.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Dail, D. Bryan] Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Dellwik, Ebba] Tech Univ Denmark, Wind Energy Div, Riso Natl Lab Sustainable Energy, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Delpierre, Nicolas; Dufrene, Eric] Univ Paris 11, Ecol Systemat & Evolut, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Desai, Ankur R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Dore, Sabina; Kolb, Thomas; Montes-Helu, Mario] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Dragoni, Danilo] Indiana Univ, Dept Geog, Atmospher Sci Program, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Drake, Bert G.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Dunn, Allison] Worcester State Coll, Dept Phys & Earth Sci, Worcester, MA 01602 USA. [Elbers, Jan; Jacobs, Cor] ESS CC, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Falk, Matthias] Atmospher Sci Grp, UC Davis, LAWR, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Feigenwinter, Christian] Univ Basel, Inst Meteorol, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. [Flanagan, Lawrence B.] Univ Lethbridge, Dept Biol Sci, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada. [Foken, Thomas] Univ Bayreuth, Dept Micrometeorol, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. [Frank, John; Massman, William J.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Gianelle, Damiano; Zampedri, Roberto] Fdn E Mach, IASMA Res & Innovat Ctr, Environm & Nat Resources Area, I-38010 Trento, Italy. [Goldstein, Allen] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Goulden, Mike; Randerson, James T.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Granier, Andre] Ecol & Ecophysiol Forestier, INRA, UMR 1137, F-54280 Seichamps, France. [Gruenwald, Thomas] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Hydrol & Meteorol, Dept Meteorol, D-01737 Dresden, Germany. [Guo, Haiqiang; Zhao, Bin] Fudan Univ, Inst Biodivers Sci, Minist Educ Key Lab Biodivers Sci & Ecol Engn, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Hammerle, Albin; Wohlfahrt, Georg] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ecol, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Han, Shijie] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Appl Ecol, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China. [Hanan, Niall P.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Haszpra, Laszlo] Hungarian Meteorol Serv, H-1675 Budapest, Hungary. [Helfter, Carole] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol Edinburgh Bush Estate Penicuik, Penicuik EH26 0QB, Midlothian, Scotland. [Hendriks, Dimmie] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Hydrol & Geo Environm Sci, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Hutley, Lindsay B.] Charles Darwin Univ, Sch Environm & Life Sci, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia. [Ibrom, Andreas; Pilegaard, Kim] Tech Univ Denmark, Biosyst Div, Riso Natl Lab Sustainable Energy, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Johansson, Torbjoern; Lindroth, Anders; Moelder, Meelis] Lund Univ, Geobiosphere Sci Ctr, Phys Geog & Ecosyst Anal, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Jongen, Marjan; Pereira, Joao S.] Univ Tecn Lisboa, Inst Super Agron, P-1349017 Lisbon, Portugal. [Katul, Gabriel] Duke Univ, Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Kiely, Gerard] Univ Coll Cork, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cork, Ireland. [Klumpp, Katja; Soussana, Jean-Francois] Unit Agron, INRA, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France. [Klumpp, Katja; Soussana, Jean-Francois] Inst Agrarrelevante Klimaforsch, Johann Heinrich Thunen Inst vTI, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Lafleur, Peter; Rebmann, Corinna] Trent Univ, Dept Geog, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Leuning, Ray; Myklebust, May] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Liu, Heping] Jackson State Univ, Dept Phys Atmospher Sci & Geosci, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. [Manca, Giovanni] Inst Atmospher Pollut Consiglio Nazl Ric, Rende Div, I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, Italy. [Marek, Michal] Inst Syst Biol & Ecol, Div Ecosyst Processes Lab Plants Ecol Physiol, Ceske Budejovice 370050, Czech Republic. [Martin, Timothy A.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Matamala, Roser] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Matteucci, Giorgio] Inst Agroenvironm & Forest Biol, Natl Res Council, I-00015 Monterotondo, RM, Italy. [McCaughey, Harry] Queens Univ, Dept Geog, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. [Merbold, Lutz] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Meyers, Tilden] NOAA ATDD, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Migliavacca, Mirco] Univ Milano Bicocca, Remote Sensing Environm Dynam Lab, DISAT, Milan, Italy. [Miglietta, Franco; Rossi, Federica] Ist Biometeorol, CNR, IBIMET, I-50145 Florence, Italy. [Misson, Laurent] CEFE, CNRS, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France. [Monson, Russell K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Montagnani, Leonardo] Serv Forestali, Agenzia Ambiente, I-39100 Bolzano, Italy. [Montagnani, Leonardo] Free Univ Bozen Bolzano, Fac Sci & Technol, I-39100 Bolzano, Italy. [Moors, Eddy] Alterra Green World Res, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Moureaux, Christine] Univ Liege, Unit Crops Management, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium. [Mukelabai, Mukufute M.] Zambian Meteorol Dept, Mongu, Zambia. [Munger, J. William] Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Nagy, Zoltan; Pinter, Krisztina; Tuba, Zoltan] Agr Univ Godollo, Inst Bot & Ecophysiol, H-2103 Godollo, Hungary. [Noormets, Asko] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Oechel, Walter] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Oren, Ram; Siqueira, Mario] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Pallardy, Stephen G.] Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Pio, Casimiro] Univ Aveiro, Dept Environm, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal. [Pio, Casimiro] CESAM, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal. [Pita, Gabriel] Inst Super Tecn, Dept Mech Engn, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. [Powell, Thomas L.] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Rambal, Serge] UMR5175, CNRS, CEFE, DREAM, Montpellier 5, France. [von Randow, Celso] Natl Inst Space Res, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, BR-12630 Cachoeira Paulista, SP, Brazil. [Rinne, Janne] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Ryel, Ronald J.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Saigusa, Nobuko] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Ctr Global Environm Res, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Sanz, Maria Jose] Ctr Estud Ambient Mediterraneo, E-46980 Paterna, Spain. [Mugnozza, Giuseppe-Scarascia] Dept Agron Forestry & Land Use, Agr Res Council, I-00184 Rome, Italy. [Schmid, Hans Peter] Atmospher Environm Res Inst Meteorol, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Schmid, Hans Peter] Climate Res Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Seufert, Guenther] Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Joint Res Ctr European Commiss, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Starr, Gregory] Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Sutton, Mark A.] Atmospher Sci Ctr Ecol & Hydrol CEH, Penicuik EH26 0QB, Midlothian, Scotland. [Tenhunen, John] Univ Bayreuth, Dept Plant Ecol, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. [Valentini, Riccardo] Univ Tuscia, Dept Forest Environm & Resources, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy. [Vogel, Christoph S.] Univ Michigan Biol Stn, Pellston, MI 49769 USA. [Wang, Jingxin] Liaoning Normal Univ, Sch Math, Dalian 116039, Peoples R China. [Wang, Shaoqiang; Wen, Xuefa; Yu, Guirui] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resource Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Wang, Weiguo] NOAA, IMSG Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Welp, Lisa R.] Univ Calif, Geosci Res Div, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Wharton, Sonia] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Atmospher Earth & Energy Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Williams, Christopher A.] Clark Univ, Grad Degree Program Geog, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Yamamoto, Susumu] Okayama Univ, Okayama 7008530, Japan. [Zhao, Xinquan] Chinese Acad Sci, NW Plateau Inst Biol, Xining 810001, Jiangxi, Peoples R China. RP Yi, CX (reprint author), CUNY, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Queens Coll, New York, NY 11367 USA. RI Powell, Thomas/F-9877-2016; Ricciuto, Daniel/I-3659-2016; Munger, J/H-4502-2013; Hammerle, Albin/N-4345-2016; Soussana, Jean-Francois/P-2094-2016; Gianelle, Damiano/G-9437-2011; Gu, Lianhong/H-8241-2014; Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011; Oechel, Walter/F-9361-2010; Goulden, Michael/B-9934-2008; Eugster, Werner/E-5116-2010; Beringer, Jason/B-8528-2008; Soussana, Jean-Francois/E-2543-2012; Aurela, Mika/L-4724-2014; Lindroth, Anders/N-4697-2014; Wohlfahrt, Georg/D-2409-2009; Marek, Michal V./D-4383-2014; Merbold, Lutz/K-6103-2012; Desai, Ankur/A-5899-2008; Xu, Xiyan/D-2854-2015; Barr, Alan/H-9939-2014; Seufert, Gunther/J-9918-2013; Matteucci, Giorgio/N-3526-2015; Sanz Sanchez, Maria Jose/A-6099-2016; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016; Montagnani, Leonardo/F-1837-2016; Flanagan, Lawrence/B-1307-2013; Elbers, Jan/D-9477-2013; von Randow, Celso/B-3335-2009; Pilegaard, Kim/I-7137-2013; Kiely, Gerard/I-8158-2013; Cook, Bruce/M-4828-2013; Yi, Chuixiang/A-1388-2013; Zhao, Bin/I-3651-2013; 于, 贵瑞/C-1768-2014; Knohl, Alexander/F-9453-2014; Barcza, Zoltan/G-3880-2014; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; Li, Runze/C-5444-2013; Feigenwinter, Christian/A-4606-2012; Valentini, Riccardo/D-1226-2010; Ibrom, Andreas/A-9850-2011; Leuning, Ray/A-2793-2008; Pio, Casimiro/A-8135-2008; Hutley, Lindsay/A-7925-2011; Zhao, Bin/E-5349-2010; Schmid, Hans Peter/I-1224-2012; Migliavacca, mirco/C-1260-2011; Moors, Eddy/J-5165-2012; Sutton, Mark/K-2700-2012; Wang, Weiguo/B-4948-2009; Helfter, Carole/A-1835-2010; Rinne, Janne/A-6302-2008; Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009; Ryel, Ronald/A-3422-2008; Burns, Sean/A-9352-2008; Miglietta, Franco/A-1257-2009; Feigenwinter, Christian/A-6151-2008; Buchmann, Nina/E-6095-2011; Noormets, Asko/A-7257-2009; Katul, Gabriel/A-7210-2008; OI Aires, Luis Miguel Igreja/0000-0003-2052-6045; Kiely, Gerard/0000-0003-2189-6427; Ibrom, Andreas/0000-0002-1341-921X; Jongen, Marjan/0000-0003-1026-6622; Pita, Gabriel/0000-0002-2225-5309; Arain, M. Altaf/0000-0002-1433-5173; rambal, serge/0000-0001-5869-8382; Pereira, Joao/0000-0002-3658-5587; Powell, Thomas/0000-0002-3516-7164; Ricciuto, Daniel/0000-0002-3668-3021; Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452; Hammerle, Albin/0000-0003-1963-5906; Soussana, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-1932-6583; Gianelle, Damiano/0000-0001-7697-5793; Gu, Lianhong/0000-0001-5756-8738; Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; Oechel, Walter/0000-0002-3504-026X; Eugster, Werner/0000-0001-6067-0741; Beringer, Jason/0000-0002-4619-8361; Lindroth, Anders/0000-0002-7669-784X; Wohlfahrt, Georg/0000-0003-3080-6702; Merbold, Lutz/0000-0003-4974-170X; Desai, Ankur/0000-0002-5226-6041; Xu, Xiyan/0000-0003-2732-1325; Seufert, Gunther/0000-0002-6019-6688; Matteucci, Giorgio/0000-0002-4790-9540; Sanz Sanchez, Maria Jose/0000-0003-0471-3094; Montagnani, Leonardo/0000-0003-2957-9071; Flanagan, Lawrence/0000-0003-1748-0306; Elbers, Jan/0000-0002-0631-3505; von Randow, Celso/0000-0003-1045-4316; Pilegaard, Kim/0000-0002-5169-5717; Cook, Bruce/0000-0002-8528-000X; Zhao, Bin/0000-0002-3530-2469; Knohl, Alexander/0000-0002-7615-8870; Barcza, Zoltan/0000-0002-1278-0636; Li, Runze/0000-0002-0154-2202; Valentini, Riccardo/0000-0002-6756-5634; Pio, Casimiro/0000-0002-3531-8620; Hutley, Lindsay/0000-0001-5533-9886; Schmid, Hans Peter/0000-0001-9076-4466; Moors, Eddy/0000-0003-2309-2887; Rinne, Janne/0000-0003-1168-7138; Burns, Sean/0000-0002-6258-1838; Miglietta, Franco/0000-0003-1474-8143; Feigenwinter, Christian/0000-0003-2447-5492; Noormets, Asko/0000-0003-2221-2111; Katul, Gabriel/0000-0001-9768-3693; Hanan, Niall/0000-0002-9130-5306; Goulden, Michael/0000-0002-9379-3948; Martin, Timothy/0000-0002-7872-4194; Foken, Thomas/0000-0003-4562-9083 FU National Science Foundation [NSF-DEB-0949637]; PSC-CUNY [62787-00 40]; CarboEuropeIP; FAO-GTOS-TCO; iLEAPS; Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry; University of Tuscia; US Department of Energy; AmeriFlux; Fluxnet-Canada; ChinaFlux; OzFlux; CarboAfrica; AsiaFlux; Department of Commerce (NOAA); Department of Agriculture (USDA/Forest Service); NASA; European Commission; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC); BIOCAP Canada (Fluxnet-Canada only); Chinese Academy of Sciences; Ministry of Science and Technology; Australian Research Council; Ministry of Agriculture, Forest and Fisheries (MAFF); Ministry of Industrial Trade and Industry (MITI); Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture (MESSC); Brazilian Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT); LBA FX This work was financially supported in part by the National Science Foundation (NSF-DEB-0949637) and the PSC-CUNY Faculty Research Award (Grant No 62787-00 40). This work was based on the database produced by the La Thuile FLUXNET project, which received financial support of CarboEuropeIP, FAO-GTOS-TCO, iLEAPS, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, National Science Foundation, University of Tuscia, US Department of Energy. We acknowledge database and technical support from Berkeley Water Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Microsoft Research eScience, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, University of California-Berkeley, University of Virginia. The following regional networks were involved with this work: AmeriFlux, CarboEuropeIP, Fluxnet-Canada, ChinaFlux, OzFlux, CarboAfrica, and AsiaFlux. AmeriFlux, is sponsored by the United States Departments of Energy (Terrestrial Carbon Program, National Institutes of Global Environmental Change (NIGEC), National Institute for Climate Change Research (NICCR)), Department of Commerce (NOAA), and Department of Agriculture (USDA/Forest Service), NASA, and the National Science Foundation. European sites in the NitroEurope, Euroflux and Medeflu projects are supported by the European Commission Directorate General XII Environment, Climate Program and the Program CONSOLIDER-INGENIO 2010 (GRACCIE). Canadian sites are sponsored by the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC), and BIOCAP Canada (Fluxnet-Canada only). Chinese sites are supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Science and Technology. Australian sites are supported by the Australian Research Council. The Japanese site is supported by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forest and Fisheries (MAFF), the Ministry of Industrial Trade and Industry (MITI), and Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture (MESSC). The Brazilian site is supported by the Brazilian Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT) and the LBA program. We thank the numerous scientists, students, and technicians responsible for the day-to-day gathering of the flux data, and the agency representatives who fund the respective projects. Without the dedicated efforts of so many individuals, this analysis would be impossible. NR 45 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 4 U2 132 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD JUL-SEP PY 2010 VL 5 IS 3 AR 034007 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/5/3/034007 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 655TX UT WOS:000282273700008 ER PT J AU O'Connell, SG Arendt, M Segars, A Kimmel, T Braun-McNeill, J Avens, L Schroeder, B Ngai, L Kucklick, JR Keller, JM AF O'Connell, Steven G. Arendt, Michael Segars, Al Kimmel, Tricia Braun-McNeill, Joanne Avens, Larisa Schroeder, Barbara Ngai, Lily Kucklick, John R. Keller, Jennifer M. TI Temporal and Spatial Trends of Perfluorinated Compounds in Juvenile Loggerhead Sea Turtles (Caretta caretta) along the East Coast of the United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOLPHINS TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; ADULT-BLOOD DONORS; PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE; PERFLUOROALKYL COMPOUNDS; TIME TRENDS; ACIDS; SERUM; SURFACTANTS; CHEMICALS; OCEAN AB Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are globally distributed persistent environmental contaminants. This study provides temporal trends as well as large-scale spatial trends of PFC concentrations in threatened juvenile loggerhead sea turtles near or from Florida Bay (FL Bay), Cape Canaveral (FL), Charleston (SC), Core Sound (NC), and Chesapeake Bay (MD). PFCs were extracted from 163 plasma and serum samples using solid-phase extraction and quantified with LC-MS/MS. Concentrations of six compounds significantly varied by site, with MD or FL Bay turtles having the highest concentrations. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was the predominant PFC at all sites (range: 0.31 ng/g to 39.0 ng/g). FL Bay turtles, compared to other sites, accumulated a unique PFC pattern with a higher proportion of perfluorocarboxylates compared to PFOS. Furthermore, this study was the first to statistically correlate wildlife PFC concentrations with human population, used as a proxy for urbanization and sources of PFCs to the environment. Positive relationships were found in which human population accounted for 75 and 81% of the variance in turtle PFOS and perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnA) concentrations (p = 0.06 and 0.04), respectively. PFOS and perfluorononanoate (PFNA) significantly decreased from 2000-2008 in SC turtles annually by 20 and 11%, respectively (p <= 0.02). Future investigations should continue temporal assessments as PFC regulations change, attempt to pinpoint specific sources and transport pathways in areas with unique PFC patterns, and assess turtle health at sites with higher PFC concentrations. C1 [O'Connell, Steven G.; Kucklick, John R.; Keller, Jennifer M.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [O'Connell, Steven G.; Ngai, Lily] Coll Charleston, Grice Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Arendt, Michael; Segars, Al] Marine Resources Res Inst, S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Kimmel, Tricia] Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. [Braun-McNeill, Joanne; Avens, Larisa] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Schroeder, Barbara] Off Protected Resources, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Keller, JM (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RI O'Connell, Steven/D-5346-2013 OI O'Connell, Steven/0000-0003-3573-2677 FU South Carolina Department of Natural Resources; National Marine Fisheries Service; Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission; Maryland Department of Natural Resources; National Science Foundation [DBI-0552828]; Department of Defense ASSURE Program FX We thank crews and funding for sample collection, including the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources (David Whitaker, Philip Maier, Bruce Stender), the National Marine Fisheries Service, the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, and the Maryland Department of Natural Resources. "Research Experience for Undergraduate" funding for Lily Ngai came from the National Science Foundation Award DBI-0552828 and the Department of Defense ASSURE Program. GIS data were gathered from two public-domain U.S. government websites: USGS (http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/huc.html), and the U.S. Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/geo/www/tiger/index.html). Special thanks go to Dennis Helsel, Lori Schwacke, Paul Pennington, and Artur Veloso for statistical advice, Joy Gerheart and Pace Wilber for GIS advice, and Jessica Reiner for laboratory assistance. Disclaimer: Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper to specify adequately the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 45 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 13 BP 5202 EP 5209 DI 10.1021/es9036447 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 617TL UT WOS:000279304700062 PM 20521819 ER PT J AU Bradley, PB Lomas, MW Bronk, DA AF Bradley, Paul B. Lomas, Michael W. Bronk, Deborah A. TI Inorganic and Organic Nitrogen Use by Phytoplankton Along Chesapeake Bay, Measured Using a Flow Cytometric Sorting Approach SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Nitrogen uptake; Flow cytometry; Phytoplankton; Bacteria; Dissolved organic nitrogen; Dissolved inorganic nitrogen ID AMINO-ACID OXIDATION; HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; PACIFIC-OCEAN; AMMONIUM; CARBON; NUTRIENT; PLANKTON AB Two different approaches to measuring phytoplankton nitrogen (N) use were compared in late summer 2004 along the main axis of Chesapeake Bay. Uptake of (15)N-labeled ammonium and nitrate and dual-labeled ((15)N and (13)C) urea and dissolved free amino acids (DFAA) were measured in surface water samples from upper, mid, and lower bay stations. Two distinct methods were used to assess the relative uptake of N substrates by phytoplankton and correct for bacterial artifacts: (1) traditional filtration using Whatman glass fiber (GF/F) filters and (2) flow cytometric (FCM) sorting of chlorophyll-containing cells. The concentration of dissolved inorganic N (DIN) decreased with distance south along the bay, whereas dissolved organic N (DON) concentrations were relatively constant. Absolute N uptake rates measured using the traditional approach exceeded those of FCM-sorted phytoplankton, thereby suggesting the possibility of bacterial "contamination." Ammonium was the dominant N form used throughout the transect, although FCM-sorted phytoplankton relied more on urea and DFAA as the ratio of DON/DIN increased toward the bay mouth. Overall, ammonium comprised 74 +/- 17%, urea 10 +/- 9%, DFAA 9 +/- 7%, and nitrate 7 +/- 12% of total measured N uptake by phytoplankton. Results suggest that bacteria relied primarily on DFAA and ammonium for N nutrition but also used N from urea at a rate similar to that of phytoplankton, whereas bacterial nitrate uptake was insignificant. On average, phytoplankton uptake of ammonium, urea, and DFAA was overestimated by 61%, 53%, and 135%, respectively, as a result of bacterial retention on GF/F filters. C1 [Bradley, Paul B.] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Bronk, Deborah A.] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Lomas, Michael W.] Bermuda Inst Ocean Sci, St Georges Ge 01, Bermuda. RP Bradley, PB (reprint author), NOAA, 1305 EW Highway,Rm 13401, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM paul.bradley@noaa.gov OI Lomas, Michael/0000-0003-1209-3753 FU US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [FP916328]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [0752490, EAR-BE 0221825, OCE-0420821] FX We thank the captain and crew of the R/V Cape Henlopen for help with sample collection as well as E. Wommack for providing ship time and space. We also thank D. Walker, M. Sanderson, K. Filippino, Q. Roberts, and M. Erickson for assistance with sample sorting and laboratory analyses. We are grateful to K. Wang for providing bacterial abundance data, W. Coats for providing chlorophyll data, L. Campbell for her valuable guidance on sorting protocols, and H. Ducklow, I. Anderson, and D. Steinberg for their comments on the manuscript. P. B. B. was supported by a fellowship from the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA Grant FP916328) under the Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Graduate Fellowship Program. The EPA has not officially endorsed this publication, and the views expressed herein may not reflect the views of the agency. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant No. 0752490. Logistical and analytical support was also provided by NSF grants to D. A. B. (EAR-BE 0221825) and M. W. L. (OCE-0420821). This paper is Contribution No. 3063 of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, The College of William and Mary, and Contribution No. 1722 from the Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences. NR 69 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JUL PY 2010 VL 33 IS 4 BP 971 EP 984 DI 10.1007/s12237-009-9252-y PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 606ZP UT WOS:000278468300015 ER PT J AU Candelmo, AC Deshpande, A Dockum, B Weis, P Weis, JS AF Candelmo, Allison C. Deshpande, Ashok Dockum, Bruce Weis, Peddrick Weis, Judith S. TI The Effect of Contaminated Prey on Feeding, Activity, and Growth of Young-of-the-Year Bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix, in the Laboratory SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Pomatomus saltatrix; Fish; PCBs; Mercury; Behavior; Growth; Pesticides ID HUDSON RIVER ESTUARY; NEW-YORK BIGHT; SUMMER-SPAWNED COHORTS; JUVENILE STRIPED BASS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; SWIMMING BEHAVIOR; AGE-0 BLUEFISH; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; CAPTURE SUCCESS; PCB MIXTURES AB Young-of-the-year (YOY) bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix, reside in some contaminated estuaries of the mid-Atlantic bight during their early life history, and as a result of this exposure, they may bioaccumulate high levels of contaminants, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), pesticides, and methyl mercury. Young-of-the-year bluefish from the Tuckerton, NJ, area of Great Bay (TK) were fed daily in a laboratory with common prey fish, menhaden, and mummichog from two sites: TK (reference) or Hackensack River (HR) (contaminated). Bluefish fed HR prey and the HR prey themselves had significantly elevated concentrations of PCBs, pesticides, and total mercury compared to TK counterparts. The bluefish fed contaminated prey for 4 months displayed significantly reduced feeding, spontaneous activity, and growth compared to the bluefish fed TK prey. Alterations of bluefish behavior and growth from exposure to contaminants may have detrimental effects on migration, overwinter survival, and recruitment success. C1 [Candelmo, Allison C.] Rutgers State Univ, Grad Program Ecol & Evolut, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Deshpande, Ashok; Dockum, Bruce] NOAA Fisheries, James Howard Marine Sci Lab, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. [Weis, Peddrick] UMDNJ NJ Med Sch, Dept Radiol, Newark, NJ 07101 USA. [Candelmo, Allison C.; Weis, Judith S.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. RP Candelmo, AC (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Grad Program Ecol & Evolut, 14 Coll Farm Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM allicandelmo@yahoo.com FU Rutgers/NOAA Cooperative Marine Education and Research (CMER) FX Thank you to the personnel and volunteers at the James Howard Marine Science Laboratory (NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Service), Rutgers University, and Meadowlands Environmental Research Institute (MERI)/New Jersey Meadowlands Commission (NJMC) for their assistance with fish collection, laboratory experiments, and advise. This work would not have been possible without their help, including C. Bass, L. Bergey, T. Cleary, M. Schafer, L. Church, J. Macdonald, J. Misuik, B. Phelan, T. Proctor, J. Reichmuth, A. Rowan, R. Roudez, D. Wieczorek, C. Woolcott, and especially B. Bragin (NJMC) for his many hours spent sampling on the HR, and J. Rosendale (NMFS) for his advice and assistance. Thank you to Rebecca Jordan for valuable editorial input. This project was supported by a Rutgers/NOAA Cooperative Marine Education and Research (CMER) Program grant. NR 65 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JUL PY 2010 VL 33 IS 4 BP 1025 EP 1038 DI 10.1007/s12237-010-9292-3 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 606ZP UT WOS:000278468300018 ER PT J AU Chih, CP AF Chih, Ching-Ping TI Incorporating effective sample sizes into sampling designs for reef fish SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Effective sample size; Dispersion index; Sampling efficiency; Cluster sampling; Length frequency distribution ID COMMERCIAL CATCH; PRECISION; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Reef fisheries are usually sampled via two stage cluster sampling. Sampling efficiency for cluster sampling is low because of non-independence among fish samples collected from individual clusters/trips. This study establishes a new procedure for incorporating effective sample sizes into cluster sampling designs. The first step in this new procedure is to examine the degree of non-independence, the within and between trip variability, and the effective sample sizes of historical cluster samples to identify factors that influence sampling efficiency. The second step is to examine how changes in the effective sample size influence the precision of the length frequency distribution. The third step is to evaluate how different sampling designs change effective sample sizes. In general, the trip sample size should be small when the within trip variability is low. The number of sampling trips should be large when between trip variability is high. However, an optimum sampling design is also subject to limitations in cost and sampling opportunities. The procedures established here can also be applied to fishery independent surveys. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Chih, CP (reprint author), NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Ching-Ping.Chih@noaa.gov NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 105 IS 2 BP 102 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2010.03.008 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 628OG UT WOS:000280129200005 ER PT J AU Hobbs, RC Waite, JM AF Hobbs, Roderick C. Waite, Janice M. TI Abundance of harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) in three Alaskan regions, corrected for observer errors due to perception bias and species misidentification, and corrected for animals submerged from view SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA; WASHINGTON; AERIAL AB Estimating the abundance of cetaceans from aerial survey data requires careful attention to survey design and analysis. Once an aerial observer perceives a marine mammal or group of marine mammals, he or she has only a few seconds to identify and enumerate the individuals sighted, as well as to determine the distance to the sighting and record this information. In line-transect survey analyses, it is assumed that the observer has correctly identified and enumerated the group or individual. We describe methods used to test this assumption and how survey data should be adjusted to account for observer errors. Harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) were censused during aerial surveys in the summer of 1997 in Southeast Alaska (9844 km survey effort), in the summer oft 1998 in the Gulf of Alaska (10,127 km), and in the summer of 1999 in the Bering Sea (7849 km). Sightings of harbor porpoise during a beluga whale (Phocoena phocoena) survey in 1998 (1355 km) provided data on harbor porpoise abundance in Cook Inlet for the Gulf of Alaska stock. Sightings by primary observers at side windows were compared to an independent observer at a belly window to estimate the probability of in underestimation of group size, and the probability that porpoise on the surface at the trackline were missed (perception bias, g(0)). There were 129, 96, and 201 sightings of harbor porpoises in the three stock areas, respectively. Both g(0) and effective strip width (the realized width of the survey track) depended on survey year, and g(0) also depended on the visibility reported by observers. Harbor porpoise abundance in 1997-99 was estimated at 11,146 animals for the Southeast Alaska stock, 31,046 animals for the Gulf of Alaska stock, and 48,515 animals for the Bering Sea stock. C1 [Hobbs, Roderick C.; Waite, Janice M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hobbs, RC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Rod.Hobbs@noaa.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX Funding for this project was provided by Recover Protected Species Program, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. We thank A. Andriolo, R. Angliss, K. Forney, K. Leinbach, J. Lerczak, L. Litzky, M. Merklein, S. Moore, S. Norman, D. Rugh, K. Shelden, V. Vanek, P. Wade, and K. Wynne for participating as observers. We thank K. Shelden for acting as field team leader on several occasions. We thank the pilots of the NOAA Twin Otter (M. Finn, J. Hagan, P. Hall, J. Longenecker, M. Moran, M. Pickett, and T. Strong) for their dedication and excellent handling of the aircraft. D. De Master, S. Moore, D. Rugh, J. Laake, and N. Friday provided valuable reviews of this manuscript. This research was conducted under permit no. 782-1438 issued by the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 14 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 108 IS 3 BP 251 EP 267 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 624YF UT WOS:000279857500001 ER PT J AU Poisson, F Gaertner, JC Taquet, M Durbec, JP Bigelow, K AF Poisson, Francois Gaertner, Jean-Claude Taquet, Marc Durbec, Jean-Pierre Bigelow, Keith TI Effects of lunar cycle and fishing operations on longline-caught pelagic fish: fishing performance, capture time, and survival of fish SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SWORDFISH XIPHIAS-GLADIUS; MARLIN TETRAPTURUS-AUDAX; WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; SHARK PRIONACE-GLAUCA; CATCH RATES; POSTRELEASE SURVIVAL; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; FEEDING ECOLOGY; FISHERIES AB Commercial longline fishing data were analyzed and experiments were conducted with gear equipped with hook timers and time-depth recorders in the Reunion Island fishery (21 degrees 5'S lat., 53 degrees 28'E long.) to elucidate direct and indirect effects of the lunar cycle and other operational factors that affect catch rates, catch composition, fish behavior, capture time, and fish survival. Logbook data from 1998 through 2000, comprising 2009 sets, indicated that swordfish (Xiphias gladius) catch-per unit of effort (CPUE) increased during the first and last quarter of the lunar phase, whereas albacore (Thunnus alalunga) CPUE was highest during the full moon. Swordfish were caught rapidly after the longline was set and, like bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus), they were caught during days characterized by a weak lunar illumination-mainly during low tide. We found a significant but very low influence of chemical lightsticks on CPUE and catch composition. At the time the longline was retrieved, six of the 11 species in the study had >40% survival. Hook timers indicated that only 8.4% of the swordfish were alive after 8 hours of capture, and two shark species (blue shark [Prionace glauca] and oceanic whitetip shark [Carcharhinus longimanus]) showed a greater resilience to capture: 29.3% and 23.5% were alive after 8 hours, respectively. Our results have implications for current fishing practices and we comment on the possibilities of modifying fishing strategies in order to reduce operational costs, bycatch, loss of target fish at sea, and detrimental impacts on the environment. C1 [Poisson, Francois] IFREMER, Ctr Rech Halieut Mediterraneen & Trop, F-34203 Sete, France. [Gaertner, Jean-Claude; Durbec, Jean-Pierre] Ctr Oceanol Marseille, LMGEM, UMR CNRS 6117, Marine Endoume Stn, F-13007 Marseille, France. [Taquet, Marc] IFREMER, Ctr Pacifique, Taravao 98719, Fr Polynesia. [Bigelow, Keith] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Poisson, F (reprint author), IFREMER, Ctr Rech Halieut Mediterraneen & Trop, BP 171,Av Jean Monnet, F-34203 Sete, France. EM Francois.Poisson@ifremer.fr RI Taquet, Marc/N-3797-2013 FU European Union; Conseils Regional; General de La Reunion; fishing industry of Reunion Island; University of Perpignan, France FX Funding for the PPR programme was supported by the European Union (FEDER), the Conseils Regional, and General de La Reunion. We express our gratitude to the fishing industry of Reunion Island for their outstanding support. We are very grateful to J. F. Reynaud, C. Marjolet, D. Guyomard, and M. Vanpouille for their work completed within the framework of the project. We also acknowledge R. Galzin (University of Perpignan, France) for his support. We thank M. Musyl for providing helpful advice. We thank the editor and the three anonymous reviewers who improved the manuscript with insightful suggestions and P. Lopez for his input on the improvement of the illustrations. NR 57 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 18 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 108 IS 3 BP 268 EP 281 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 624YF UT WOS:000279857500002 ER PT J AU Patrick, WS Spencer, P Link, J Cope, J Field, J Kobayashi, D Lawson, P Gedamke, T Cortes, E Ormseth, O Bigelow, K Overholtz, W AF Patrick, Wesley S. Spencer, Paul Link, Jason Cope, Jason Field, John Kobayashi, Donald Lawson, Peter Gedamke, Todd Cortes, Enric Ormseth, Olav Bigelow, Keith Overholtz, William TI Using productivity and susceptibility indices to assess the vulnerability of United States fish stocks to overfishing SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID AUSTRALIAN TRAWL FISHERY; EXTINCTION RISK; LIFE-HISTORY; ELASMOBRANCH BYCATCH; DECISION-MAKING; MARINE FISHES; DELPHI METHOD; REEF FISHES; MANAGEMENT; PATTERNS AB Assessing the vulnerability of stocks to fishing practices in U.S. federal waters was recently highlighted by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, as an important factor to consider when 1) identifying stocks that should be managed and protected under a fishery management plan; 2) grouping data-poor stocks into relevant management complexes; and 3) developing precautionary harvest control rules. To assist the regional fishery management councils in determining vulnerability, NMFS elected to use a modified version of a productivity and susceptibility analysis (PSA) because it can be based on qualitative data, has a history of use in other fisheries, and is recommended by several organizations as a reasonable approach for evaluating risk. A number of productivity and susceptibility attributes for a stock are used in a PSA and from these attributes, index scores and measures of uncertainty are computed and graphically displayed. To demonstrate the utility of the resulting vulnerability evaluation, we evaluated six U.S. fisheries targeting 162 stocks that exhibited varying degrees of productivity and susceptibility, and for which data quality varied. Overall, the PSA was capable of differentiating the vulnerability of stocks along the gradient of susceptibility and productivity indices, although fixed thresholds separating low-, moderate-, and highly vulnerable species were not observed. The PSA can be used as a flexible tool that can incorporate regional-specific information on fishery and management activity. C1 [Patrick, Wesley S.] NOAA, Off Sustainable Fisheries, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Spencer, Paul; Ormseth, Olav] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Link, Jason; Overholtz, William] NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Cope, Jason] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Field, John] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Kobayashi, Donald; Bigelow, Keith] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Lawson, Peter] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Gedamke, Todd] NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Cortes, Enric] NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. RP Patrick, WS (reprint author), NOAA, Off Sustainable Fisheries, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Wesley.Patrick@noaa.gov NR 52 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 24 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 108 IS 3 BP 305 EP 322 PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 624YF UT WOS:000279857500004 ER PT J AU Munroe, TA Ross, SW AF Munroe, Thomas A. Ross, Steve W. TI Distribution and life history of two diminutive flatfishes, Citharichthys gymnorhinus and C. cornutus (Pleuronectiformes: Paralichthyidae), in the western North Atlantic SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID STATES CONTINENTAL-SHELF; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LARVAL FISH; NEW-ENGLAND; CAROLINA; BOTHIDAE; COMMUNITY; RECORDS; WATERS AB Citharichthys cornutus and C. gymnorhinus, diminutive flatfishes inhabiting continental shelves in the western Atlantic Ocean, are infrequently reported and poorly known. We identified 594 C. cornutus in 56 different field collections (68-287 m; most between 101-200 m) off the eastern United States, Bahamas, and eastern Caribbean Sea. Historical records and recently captured specimens document the northern geographic range of adults on the shelf off New jersey (40 degrees N, 70 degrees W). Citharichthys cornutus measured 17.2-81.3 mm standard length (SL); males (20.0-79.1 mm SL) and females (28.0-81.3 mm SL) attain similar sizes (sex could not be determined for fish < 20 mm SL). Males reach nearly 100% maturity at >= 60 mm SL. The smallest mature females are 41.5 mm SL, and by 55.1 mm SL virtually all are mature. Juveniles are found with adults on the outer shelf. Only 214 C. gymnorhinus were located in 42 different field collections (35-201 m, with 90% between 61 and 120 m) off the east coast of the United States, Bahamas, and eastern Caribbean Sea. Adults are found as far north as the shelf off Cape Hatteras, NC (35 degrees N, 75 degrees W). This diminutive species (to 52.4 mm SL) is among the smallest flatfishes but males (n=131; 20.3-52.4 mm SL) attain a slightly larger maximum size than that of females (n=58; 26.2-48.0 mm SL). Males begin to mature between 29 and 35 mm SL and reach 100% maturity by 35-40 mm SL. Some females are mature at 29 mm SL, and all females > 35.1 mm SL are mature. Overlooked specimens in museum collections and literature enabled us to correct long-standing inaccuracies in northern distributional limits that appear in contemporary literature and electronic data bases for these species. Associated locality-data for these specimens allow for proper evaluation of distributional information for these species in relation to hypotheses regarding shifts in species ranges due to climate change effects. C1 [Munroe, Thomas A.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Systemat Lab NMFS NEFSC, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Ross, Steve W.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. RP Munroe, TA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Systemat Lab NMFS NEFSC, POB 37012,NHB,WC 57,MRC-153, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM munroet@si.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey; NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration FX We thank the following individuals who provided information or assisted with specimens, data, and information regarding collections or databases in their care: M. Fahay, J. Finan, J. Galbraith, P. Gerdes, A. Harold, K. Hartel, W. Kramer, J.D. Lyons, D. Machowski, J. Moore, K. Murphy, R. Robins, M. A. Rogers, W. Starnes, M. Underwood, R. Worthen, D. Wyanski, and M. Zokan. D. Steere, M. Rosen, S. Dawicki, and C. Struthers assisted with locating library references. J. Brown, D. Walker, and M. Vecchione provided assistance locating nautical charts; M. Rhode, M. Partyka, M. Carlson, and M. Nizinski assisted with figure preparations; S. Raredon provided photographs; A. Quattrini and L. Willis assisted with various aspects of this study. Partial support for recent sampling was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey and NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration (grants to S.W. Ross). Special thanks are extended to the Ecosystems Survey Branch, NMFS, Woods Hole, for providing specimens and data from their long-term synoptic surveys of the continental shelf off the eastern United States. We also extend our appreciation to all those who collected fishes that were used in this study. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 108 IS 3 BP 323 EP 345 PG 23 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 624YF UT WOS:000279857500005 ER PT J AU Passerotti, MS Carlson, JK Piercy, AN Campana, SE AF Passerotti, Michelle S. Carlson, John K. Piercy, Andrew N. Campana, Steven E. TI Age validation of great hammerhead shark (Sphyrna mokarran), determined by bomb radiocarbon analysis SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; LAMNA-NASUS; CHRONOLOGIES; VERTEBRAE; GROWTH; OCEAN; COAST AB Preliminary validation of annual growth band deposition in vertebrae of great hammerhead shark (Sphyrna mokarran) was conducted by using bomb radiocarbon analysis. Adult specimens (n=2) were collected and thin sections of vertebral centra were removed for visual aging and use in radiocarbon assays. Vertebral band counts were used to estimate age, and year of formation was assigned to each growth band by subtracting estimated age from the year of capture. A total of 10 samples were extracted from growth bands and analyzed for Delta C-14. Calculated Delta C-14 values from dated bands were compared to known-age reference chronologies, and the resulting patterns indicated annual periodicity of growth bands up to a minimum age of 42 years. Trends in Delta C-14 across time in individual specimens indicated that vertebral radiocarbon is conserved through time but that habitat and diet may influence Delta C-14 levels in elasmobranchs. Although the age validation reported here must be considered preliminary because of the small sample size and narrow age range of individuals sampled, it represents the first confirmation of age in S. mokarran, further illustrating the usefulness of bomb radiocarbon analysis as a tool for life history studies in elasmobranchs. C1 [Passerotti, Michelle S.; Carlson, John K.] NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. [Piercy, Andrew N.] Univ Florida, Florida Program Shark Res, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Campana, Steven E.] Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. RP Passerotti, MS (reprint author), NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. EM Michelle.Passerotti@noaa.gov RI Campana, Steven/C-3420-2013 OI Campana, Steven/0000-0001-8802-3976 FU Southeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX We thank observers of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, for obtaining samples from the directed shark longline fishery. W. Joyce provided technical assistance in sample processing. Funding was provided by the Southeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 6 U2 19 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 108 IS 3 BP 346 EP 351 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 624YF UT WOS:000279857500006 ER PT J AU Williams, K Rooper, CN Towler, R AF Williams, Kresimir Rooper, Christopher N. Towler, Rick TI Use of stereo camera systems for assessment of rockfish abundance in untrawlable areas and for recording pollock behavior during midwater trawls SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID PERCH SEBASTES-ALUTUS; FISH LENGTH; PRECISION; ACCURACY; VIDEO; FIELD AB We describe the application of two types of stereo camera Systems in fisheries research, including the design, calibration, analysis techniques, and precision of the data obtained with these systems. The first is a stereo video system deployed by using a quick-responding winch with a live feed to provide species- and size-composition data adequate to produce acoustically based biomass estimates of rockfish. This system was tested on the eastern Bering Sea slope where rockfish were measured. Rockfish sizes were similar to those sampled with a bottom trawl and the relative error in multiple measurements of the same rockfish in multiple still-frame images was small. Measurement errors of up to 5.5% were found on a calibration target of known size. The second system consisted of a pair of still-image digital cameras mounted inside a midwater trawl. Processing of the stereo images allowed fish length, fish orientation in relation to the camera platform, and relative distance of the fish to the trawl netting to be determined. The video system was useful for surveying fish in Alaska, but it could also be used broadly in other situations where it is difficult to obtain species-composition or size-composition information. Likewise, the still-image system could be used for fisheries research to obtain data on size, position, and orientation of fish. C1 [Williams, Kresimir; Rooper, Christopher N.; Towler, Rick] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Williams, K (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Kresimir.Williams@noaa.gov NR 18 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 108 IS 3 BP 352 EP 362 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 624YF UT WOS:000279857500007 ER PT J AU Ensenberger, MG Thompson, J Hill, B Homick, K Kearney, V Mayntz-Press, KA Mazur, P McGuckian, A Myers, J Raley, K Raley, SG Rothove, R Wilson, J Wieczorek, D Fulmer, PM Storts, DR Krenke, BE AF Ensenberger, Martin G. Thompson, Jonelle Hill, Becky Homick, Kristen Kearney, Veronica Mayntz-Press, Kathleen A. Mazur, Paul McGuckian, Amy Myers, Jelena Raley, Kelli Raley, Stewart G. Rothove, Robin Wilson, Jonathan Wieczorek, Doug Fulmer, Patricia M. Storts, Douglas R. Krenke, Benjamin E. TI Developmental validation of the PowerPlex (R) 16 HS System: An improved 16-locus fluorescent STR multiplex SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Forensic science; DNA typing; Short tandem repeat (STR); Polymerase chain reaction (PCR); Validation; PowerPlex (R); CODIS ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; DNA; PURIFICATION; CONCORDANCE; SAMPLES AB STR multiplexes remain the cornerstone of genotyping forensic samples. The PowerPlex (R) 16 HS System contains the core CODIS loci: D3S1358, D5S818, D7S820, D8S1179, D13S317, D16S539, D18S51, D21S11, CSF1PO, FGA, TH01, TPOX, and vWA. Additional loci amplified in the multiplex reaction are the sex-determinant locus, amelogenin, and two pentanucleotide STR loci, Penta D and Penta E. The PowerPlex (R) 16 HS System is an updated version of the PowerPlex 16 (R) System; while the primers and dyes remain unchanged, it introduces an enhanced buffer system that includes hot-start Taq DNA polymerase and ensures robust performance. Due to the modification of the reaction mix, a multi-laboratory developmental validation study was completed to document performance capabilities and limitations for the revised assay. Data within this validation was generated by eight laboratories and served as the basis for the following conclusions: genotyping of single-source samples was consistent across a large range of template DNA concentrations with most laboratories obtaining complete profiles at 62.5 pg. Mixture analyses showed that over 90% of minor alleles were detected at 1: 9 ratios. Optimum amplification cycle number was ultimately dependent on the sensitivity of the detection instrument and could be adjusted to accommodate a range of DNA template concentrations. Reaction conditions including volume and annealing temperature as well as the concentrations of primers, Taq DNA polymerase, and magnesium were shown to be optimal and able to withstand moderate variations without affecting multiplexed STR amplification. Finally, data from non-probative samples and concordance studies showed consistent results when comparing the PowerPlex (R) 16 HS System with the PowerPlex (R) 16 System as well as other commercially available systems. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ensenberger, Martin G.; Thompson, Jonelle; Wieczorek, Doug; Fulmer, Patricia M.; Storts, Douglas R.; Krenke, Benjamin E.] Promega Corp, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Hill, Becky] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Homick, Kristen; Mazur, Paul] Erie Cty Cent Police Serv, Forens Lab, Buffalo, NY 14203 USA. [Kearney, Veronica; Myers, Jelena] Tucson Police Dept, Tucson, AZ 85701 USA. [Mayntz-Press, Kathleen A.; Raley, Kelli; Raley, Stewart G.] Arizona Dept Publ Safety, Phoenix, AZ 85009 USA. [McGuckian, Amy] Palm Beach Cty Sheriffs Off, W Palm Beach, FL 33406 USA. [Rothove, Robin] Missouri State Highway Patrol Crime Lab Div, Jefferson City, MO 65101 USA. [Wilson, Jonathan] Tulsa Police Dept, Forens Lab, Tulsa, OK 74103 USA. RP Ensenberger, MG (reprint author), Promega Corp, 2800 Woods Hollow Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM martin.ensenberger@promega.com NR 26 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1872-4973 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT-GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 4 IS 4 BP 257 EP 264 DI 10.1016/j.fsigen.2009.10.007 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Legal SC Genetics & Heredity; Legal Medicine GA 608OB UT WOS:000278592500006 PM 20457027 ER PT J AU Abdulagatov, IM Azizov, ND AF Abdulagatov, I. M. Azizov, N. D. TI Density of rocket propellant (RP-1 fuel) at high temperatures and high pressures SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE Constant-volume piezometer; Density; Rocket propellant (RP-1); Thermal decomposition ID APPARENT MOLAR VOLUMES; 30 MPA; 573 K; MIXTURES; AVIATION; WATER; S-8 AB Density of rocket propellant (RP-1 fuel) has been measured with a constant-volume piezometer immersed in a precision liquid thermostat. Measurements were made in the temperature range from 301 to 745 K and at pressures up to 60 MPa. The uncertainty of density, pressure, and temperature measurements were estimated to be 0.1%, 0.05%, and 15 mK, respectively. The measured values of density were compared with the data reported in the literature and with the values calculated from a surrogate mixture model (equation of state). The average absolute deviation (AAD) between the present data and the values reported in the literature was 0.13%. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Abdulagatov, I. M.] Russian Acad Sci, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia. [Azizov, N. D.] Azerbaijan State Oil Acad, AZ-1010 Baku, Azerbaijan. RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov FU NIST FX Abdulagatov I. M. thanks the Thermophysical Properties Division at the National Institute of Standards and Technology for the opportunity to work as a Guest Researcher at NIST during the course of this research. The authors also thank Dr. Magee, Dr. Lemmon, and Dr. Huber for the helpful discussions and providing the sample and surrogate model for RP- 1. Part of this work was financially supported by the NIST. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD JUL PY 2010 VL 89 IS 7 BP 1731 EP 1735 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2009.06.015 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 589YC UT WOS:000277189100053 ER PT J AU MacWilliams, BA Shuckra, AL Mavor, TP AF MacWilliams, B. A. Shuckra, A. L. Mavor, T. P. TI A regression method for strength comparisons in children SO GAIT & POSTURE LA English DT Article DE Dynamometry; Strength; Typically developing; Regression ID SPASTIC CEREBRAL-PALSY AB A method to estimate means and variance of strength based on anthropometric data is presented. The method is applied using a database of 10 lower extremity strength measures recorded from 48 typically developing children with a handheld dynamometer. Seven anthropometric variables are considered, and the combination of height and BMI is determined as a set of variables best suited to model these muscle groups. This regression scheme accounts for 45-58% of the observed variance. A clinical example illustrating the utility of the method is presented. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [MacWilliams, B. A.; Shuckra, A. L.] Shriners Hosp Children, Mot Anal Lab, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [MacWilliams, B. A.] Univ Utah, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Mavor, T. P.] NOAA NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Mavor, T. P.] IMSG Inc, Rockville, MD USA. RP MacWilliams, BA (reprint author), Shriners Hosp Children Salt Lake City, Movement Anal Lab, Fairfax Rd & Virginia St, Salt Lake City, UT 84103 USA. EM bmacwilliams@shrinenet.org OI MacWilliams, Bruce/0000-0001-6565-306X NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0966-6362 J9 GAIT POSTURE JI Gait Posture PD JUL PY 2010 VL 32 IS 3 BP 416 EP 418 DI 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2010.06.001 PG 3 WC Neurosciences; Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 670WR UT WOS:000283459100027 PM 20591672 ER PT J AU Luckenbach, JA Dickey, JT Swanson, P AF Luckenbach, J. Adam Dickey, Jon T. Swanson, Penny TI Regulation of pituitary GnRH receptor and gonadotropin subunits by IGF1 and GnRH in prepubertal male coho salmon SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium for Fish Growth and Reproduction CY JUN 20-21, 2009 CL Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA HO Univ Hong Kong DE Insulin-like growth factor; Gonadotropin-releasing hormone; HPG axis; Pituitary; Follicle-stimulating hormone; Puberty; Growth; Teleost ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; POSSIBLE METABOLIC SIGNAL; EARLY SEXUAL-MATURATION; SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; TIME RT-PCR; GENE-EXPRESSION; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; GTH-II AB Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) is a key somatotropic hormone that may convey growth status to the reproductive endocrine system. This study examined effects of IGF1 alone or in combination with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) on pituitary transcripts for GnRH receptor (GnRHR) variants, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), growth hormone (GH), and IGF, as well as secretion of FSH in vitro. Three experiments were conducted with dispersed pituitary cells of prepubertal male coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) to determine the time course of the response to IGF1, IGF1 concentration response, and GnRH concentration response. IGF1 consistently elevated pituitary transcripts for gnrhr1 and the four gonadotropin subunits (fshb, lhb, cga1, and cga2) by day 10 of culture, while suppressing gh and igf2. Short-term treatment with GnRH (24 h) induced minor increases in transcripts for fshb, ego?, and cga2, but suppressed lhb and strongly inhibited gnrhr1 expression. IGF1 significantly increased GnRH-stimulated FSH protein release by the pituitary cells, although not as robustly as previously observed in more reproductively advanced salmon. Our results demonstrate that IGF1 increases steady-state mRNA levels of gnrhr1 and four gonadotropin subunits, and may act alone or with GnRH to increase pituitary FSH release in male coho salmon, over 1 year before puberty. These findings suggest that IGF1 may prime pituitary gonadotrope cells of prepubertal salmon to respond to GnRH by stimulating synthesis of GnRHR and FSH during puberty onset. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Luckenbach, J. Adam] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Physiol Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Luckenbach, J. Adam; Dickey, Jon T.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Swanson, Penny] Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 98164 USA. RP Luckenbach, JA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Physiol Program, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM adam.luckenbach@noaa.gov NR 65 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD JUL 1 PY 2010 VL 167 IS 3 BP 387 EP 396 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.09.010 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 612CT UT WOS:000278875100009 PM 19800342 ER PT J AU Morin, PA Archer, FI Foote, AD Vilstrup, J Allen, EE Wade, P Durban, J Parsons, K Pitman, R Li, L Bouffard, P Nielsen, SCA Rasmussen, M Willerslev, E Gilbert, MTP Harkins, T AF Morin, Phillip A. Archer, Frederick I. Foote, Andrew D. Vilstrup, Julia Allen, Eric E. Wade, Paul Durban, John Parsons, Kim Pitman, Robert Li, Lewyn Bouffard, Pascal Nielsen, Sandra C. Abel Rasmussen, Morten Willerslev, Eske Gilbert, M. Thomas P. Harkins, Timothy TI Complete mitochondrial genome phylogeographic analysis of killer whales (Orcinus orca) indicates multiple species SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POPULATION GENETIC-STRUCTURE; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; EVOLUTIONARY PROCESSES; FEEDING ECOLOGY; DNA SEQUENCES; MUTATION-RATE; DIVERSITY; MAMMALS; CONSERVATION; DIVERGENCE AB Killer whales (Orcinus orca) currently comprise a single, cosmopolitan species with a diverse diet. However, studies over the last 30 yr have revealed populations of sympatric "ecotypes'' with discrete prey preferences, morphology, and behaviors. Although these ecotypes avoid social interactions and are not known to interbreed, genetic studies to date have found extremely low levels of diversity in the mitochondrial control region, and few clear phylogeographic patterns worldwide. This low level of diversity is likely due to low mitochondrial mutation rates that are common to cetaceans. Using killer whales as a case study, we have developed a method to readily sequence, assemble, and analyze complete mitochondrial genomes from large numbers of samples to more accurately assess phylogeography and estimate divergence times. This represents an important tool for wildlife management, not only for killer whales but for many marine taxa. We used high-throughput sequencing to survey whole mitochondrial genome variation of 139 samples from the North Pacific, North Atlantic, and southern oceans. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that each of the known ecotypes represents a strongly supported clade with divergence times ranging from; similar to 150,000 to 700,000 yr ago. We recommend that three named ecotypes be elevated to full species, and that the remaining types be recognized as subspecies pending additional data. Establishing appropriate taxonomic designations will greatly aid in understanding the ecological impacts and conservation needs of these important marine predators. We predict that phylogeographic mitogenomics will become an important tool for improved statistical phylogeography and more precise estimates of divergence times. C1 [Morin, Phillip A.; Archer, Frederick I.; Pitman, Robert] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Morin, Phillip A.; Allen, Eric E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Foote, Andrew D.; Vilstrup, Julia; Nielsen, Sandra C. Abel; Rasmussen, Morten; Willerslev, Eske; Gilbert, M. Thomas P.] Univ Copenhagen, Ctr GeoGenet, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Foote, Andrew D.] Univ Aberdeen, Aberdeen IV11 8YJ, Scotland. [Wade, Paul; Durban, John; Parsons, Kim] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Li, Lewyn; Bouffard, Pascal] 454 Life Sci Roche, Branford, CT 06405 USA. [Harkins, Timothy] Roche Appl Sci, Indianapolis, IN 46250 USA. RP Morin, PA (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM phillip.morin@noaa.gov RI Parsons, Kim/A-8050-2011; Gilbert, Marcus/A-8936-2013; OI Gilbert, Marcus/0000-0002-5805-7195; Vilstrup, Julia/0000-0001-6534-8452 FU Roche Applied Science; Danish National Science Foundation; Marie Curie Actions "Genetime'' grant; Marine Directorate of the Scottish Government; Linean Society; Northwest Fisheries Science Center; Division of Protected Resources; Southwest Fisheries Science Center; NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service; National Science Foundation [OPP-0338428] FX We thank the many people who provided tissue samples that allowed this analysis to be completed, including Gisli Vikingsson, MRI, Reykjavik; Nils Oien, IMR, Bergen; Renaud de Stephanis and Philippe Verborgh, CIRCE; and Bob Reid, Scottish Agricultural College. All samples in the US were collected by or transferred to the SWFSC under NMFS/MMPA and CITES permits. Samples analyzed in Copenhagen were collected under permit and transferred under CITES permit. We thank Michi Hofreiter, Matthias Meyer, and Simon Ho for advice on methods; and Bill Perrin, Kelly Robertson, Barb Taylor, Paula Olson, Malgorzata Pilot, the SWFSC subspecies journal club, and three anonymous reviewers for helpful discussion and help with the manuscript. We thank Rich Cosgrove for helping to generate the sample map. We thank Jon Nowacki, Jane Hutchinson, and Teri Mueller for project coordination and software assembly of 454 sequence reads. Support for this research was provided by Roche Applied Science, the Danish National Science Foundation, The Marie Curie Actions "Genetime'' grant, Marine Directorate of the Scottish Government, Systematics Research Fund of the Linean Society, the Northwest Fisheries Science Center, and the Division of Protected Resources, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service. R.L.P. was supported in part by a grant from the National Science Foundation (OPP-0338428). NR 72 TC 157 Z9 162 U1 20 U2 158 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI COLD SPRING HARBOR PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, COLD SPRING HARBOR, NY 11724 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 20 IS 7 BP 908 EP 916 DI 10.1101/gr.102954.109 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 619BX UT WOS:000279404700005 PM 20413674 ER PT J AU Veronica, DA AF Veronica, Daniel A. TI Detecting Cooling Coil Fouling Automatically- Part 1: A Novel Concept SO HVAC&R RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Fouling of surfaces within the heat exchangers of heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems of buildings is an equipment fault that wastes appreciable amounts of energy however, it escapes detection under current building automation technology. A novel concept is introduced to automatically detect this fouling on water-side and air-side surfaces of water-cooled HVAC air coils. The concept incorporates a model-driven component contributing a table of human expert information and an embedded data-driven component assimilating real-time data sampled from H VAC plant instrumentation. Supervisory programming (the "agent") conducts real-time surveillance for coil fouling using the data-driven component, which is a model replicating the current dynamic thermal behavior of the coil. The surveillance is a specific characterizing transient (a "query") exercised periodically on the data-driven dynamic coil model as a surrogate for exciting the real coil. When a query returns a suspect result, the agent determines if coil fouling or some other change caused that result by using the tabulated expert information. The concept makes use of all data sampled from the plant, reflecting transient and steady behavior. Fouling can be discerned from other developments, such as instrument drift, and the agent can distinguish air-side fouling from water-side fouling, estimate the severity of Puling, and estimate an uncertainty for its classification. The values tabulated describe three-dimensional surfaces characterizing the varied impact fouling generically has on coil thermal effectiveness when considered over the state space of coil operation. Categorical use of that information by the concept is justified by analysis in the effectiveness-NTU state plane. A companion paper (Veronica 2011) gives results of exercising a crucial task within the concept on simulated data by using one form of a dynamic data-driven model; a multilayer perceptron. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Veronica, DA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 1078-9669 J9 HVAC&R RES JI HVAC&R Res. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 16 IS 4 BP 413 EP 433 DI 10.1080/10789669.2010.10390913 PG 21 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 629AH UT WOS:000280165900003 ER PT J AU Garrison, LP Link, JS Kilduff, DP Cieri, MD Maffley, B Vaughan, DS Sharov, A Mahmoudi, B Latour, RJ AF Garrison, Lance P. Link, Jason S. Kilduff, D. Patrick Cieri, Matthew D. Maffley, Brandon Vaughan, Douglas S. Sharov, Alexei Mahmoudi, Behzad Latour, Robert J. TI An expansion of the MSVPA approach for quantifying predator-prey interactions in exploited fish communities SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Atlantic menhaden; ecosystem-based fisheries management; multispecies virtual population analysis; trophic models ID VIRTUAL POPULATION ANALYSIS; EASTERN BERING-SEA; STRIPED BASS; POMATOMUS-SALTATRIX; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; ATLANTIC MENHADEN; MULTISPECIES VPA; REFERENCE POINTS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; NORTH-SEA AB Ecosystem-based fisheries management requires tools to place fish-stock dynamics in the broader context of fishery, predator, and competitive removals. Multispecies virtual population analysis (MSVPA) is an approach to quantifying predator prey interactions and estimating the rates of predation mortality for exploited fish populations. Here, an extended MSVPA (MSVPA-X) is presented as an alternative to existing MSVPA approaches. Notably, MSVPA-X uses index-tuned VPA methods, applies a more flexible feeding model, and includes an alternative functional feeding response. The MSVPA-X model is applied to a western Atlantic fish community, focusing on Atlantic menhaden and its major fish predators, and a sensitivity analysis of major model parameters is presented. The sensitivity analysis highlights the need for adequate diet sampling. The MSVPA-X represents an improvement over previous approaches by increasing the flexibility to model seasonal and interannual dynamics in the strength of predator - prey interactions. Model results demonstrate that, for menhaden in particular, and forage fish in general, quantifying predation mortality is an important part of effective assessments of forage fish, their predators, and the fisheries of both. C1 [Garrison, Lance P.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33148 USA. [Link, Jason S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Kilduff, D. Patrick] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Cieri, Matthew D.] Maine Dept Marine Resources, W Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 USA. [Maffley, Brandon] New Jersey Div Fish & Wildlife, Nacote Creek Res Stn, Port Republic, NJ 08241 USA. [Vaughan, Douglas S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Sharov, Alexei] Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Fisheries Serv, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Mahmoudi, Behzad] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Latour, Robert J.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Dept Fisheries Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Garrison, LP (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33148 USA. EM lance.garrison@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Chesapeake Bay Stock Assessment Committee; Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission FX This work benefited greatly from reviews provided by two panels. The first was convened by the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission (ASMFC) and included J. Buckel, T. Tsou, and E. Schwaab, and the second was the NEFSC Stock Assessment Review Committee of A. I. L. Payne, J. Casey, V. Haist, and Y. Jiao. The project was initiated and overseen by G. White and L. Deslosse. The development of the MSVPA-X model was funded by NOAA's Chesapeake Bay Stock Assessment Committee and the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission. NR 41 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 22 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 67 IS 5 BP 856 EP 870 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsq005 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 625CR UT WOS:000279870500002 ER PT J AU De Robertis, A Wilson, CD Williamson, NJ Guttormsen, MA Stienessen, S AF De Robertis, Alex Wilson, Christopher D. Williamson, Neal J. Guttormsen, Michael A. Stienessen, Sarah TI Silent ships sometimes do encounter more fish. 1. Vessel comparisons during winter pollock surveys SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE acoustics; noise-reduced vessel; vessel avoidance; walleye pollock ID CLUPEA-HARENGUS; AVOIDANCE; BEHAVIOR; RESPONSES; BIOMASS; SOUNDS; SONAR; NOISE; AREA AB Avoidance of approaching vessels by fish is a major source of uncertainty in surveys of fish stocks. In an effort to minimize vessel avoidance, international standards for underwater-noise emission by research vessels have been established. Despite widespread investment in noise-reduced vessels, the effectiveness of noise reduction on vessel avoidance remains poorly understood. Here, we report on vessel comparisons of pollock abundance recorded by the NOAA ships "Oscar Dyson" (OD), a noise-reduced vessel, and "Miller Freeman" (ME), a conventionally designed vessel. The comparisons were made during three acoustic surveys of prespawning aggregations of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) in Alaska. The experiments demonstrate that a noise-reduced vessel will detect significantly more fish backscatter than a conventional vessel in some situations. OD detected 31% more pollock backscatter than MF in the Shumagin Islands, where pollock were distributed between 100 and 200 m deep, and 13% more pollock backscatter in Shelikof Strait, where pollock were primarily distributed 200-300 m deep. However, there was no difference in the Bogoslof Island area where pollock were found at 400-700 m. In the Shumagin and Shelikof areas, the discrepancy between vessels tended to decrease with fish depth, consistent with a decreasing response to a stimulus propagating from the surface. Analysis of the depth distributions of pollock supports the conclusion that the discrepancies in backscatter stem from differential behavioural responses to the two vessels. C1 [De Robertis, Alex; Wilson, Christopher D.; Williamson, Neal J.; Guttormsen, Michael A.; Stienessen, Sarah] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP De Robertis, A (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM alex.derobertis@noaa.gov FU Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NOAA FX This study was made feasible by the contributions of many dedicated people. Members of the Alaska Fisheries Science Center's acoustics group, particularly S. Furnish, R. Towler, and P. Ressler, all made tangible contributions. We thank the officers and crew of the NOAA ships "Miller Freeman" and "Oscar Dyson" for their contributions and careful ship handling in what were often challenging conditions. We are also indebted to those who prepared the vessels for the work, including members of the Marine Operations Center, Pacific. The comments of P. Ressler, M. Dorn, V. Hjellvik, and N. O. Handegard improved the manuscript. The work was supported by the Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NOAA. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 67 IS 5 BP 985 EP 995 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsp299 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 625CR UT WOS:000279870500014 ER PT J AU De Robertis, A Wilson, CD AF De Robertis, Alex Wilson, Christopher D. TI Silent ships sometimes do encounter more fish. 2. Concurrent echosounder observations from a free-drifting buoy and vessels SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE acoustics; noise-reduced vessel; vessel avoidance; walleye pollock ID AVOIDANCE-BEHAVIOR; TRAWLING VESSEL; NOISE; AREA AB The reactions of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) to the NOAA ships "Miller Freeman" (MF), a conventionally designed research vessel, and the "Oscar Dyson" (OD), a noise-reduced research vessel, were compared near the Shumagin Islands, Alaska. Observations with a buoy-mounted echosounder indicated a stronger decrease in pollock backscatter strength and a greater increase in pollock backscatter depth associated with the passage of the MF than the OD. The pollock began to respond at a distance of similar to 270 m from the vessel and were disturbed for several minutes after vessel passage. The reaction to the OD was weak, suggesting that measurements of pollock made by the OD in this environment are not strongly biased by vessel avoidance. Comparison of echosounder observations collected on board each vessel indicated that the MF measured less pollock backscatter, a deeper pollock depth distribution, and weaker single-target echoes than the OD. Together, the results indicate that acoustic measurements from the two vessels are not equivalent because of a reduced avoidance response to the noise-reduced vessel. C1 [De Robertis, Alex; Wilson, Christopher D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP De Robertis, A (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM alex.derobertis@noaa.gov FU Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NOAA FX We are indebted to S. Furnish for his efforts in the construction, testing, maintenance, and deployment of the acoustic buoy. We also thank the officers and crew of NOAA ships "Miller Freeman" and "Oscar Dyson" for careful ship handling during the experiment and for assistance in deploying and recovering the buoy, and to P. Ressler and P. Walline for assistance at sea. The suggestions of C. Rhodes made the experimental design easier to execute. O. R. Coda and A. Tot land are gratefully acknowledged for sharing their initial echosounder-buoy plans long ago. This served as the foundation for the design of the buoy that was used in this work. The thoughtful comments of V. Hjellvik, N. O. Handegard, M. Dorn, P. Ressler, and I. Horne improved the manuscript. The work was supported by the Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NOAA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 67 IS 5 BP 996 EP 1003 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsp301 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 625CR UT WOS:000279870500015 ER PT J AU Laupattarakasem, P Jones, WL Hennon, CC Allard, JR Harless, AR Black, PG AF Laupattarakasem, Peth Jones, W. Linwood Hennon, Christopher C. Allard, John R. Harless, Amy R. Black, Peter G. TI Improved Hurricane Ocean Vector Winds Using SeaWinds Active/Passive Retrievals SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE H* Wind; hurricane retrieval; ocean vector wind (OVW) retrieval; QuikSCAT; rain correction; scatterometer; SeaWinds ID TROPICAL CYCLONES; SYSTEM; RADAR; NSCAT; MODEL; BAND; HRD AB The SeaWinds scatterometer, onboard the QuikSCAT satellite, infers global ocean vector winds (OVWs); however, for a number of reasons, these measurements in hurricanes are significantly degraded. This paper presents an improved hurricane OVW retrieval approach, known as Q-Winds, which is derived from combined SeaWinds active and passive measurements. In this technique, the effects of rain are implicitly included in a new geophysical model function, which relates oceanic brightness temperature and radar backscatter measurements (at the top of the atmosphere) to the surface wind vector under both clear sky and in the presence of light to moderate rain. This approach extends the useful wind speed measurement range for tropical cyclones beyond that exhibited by the standard SeaWinds Project Level-2B (L2B) 12.5-km wind vector algorithm. A description of the Q-Winds algorithm is given, and examples of OVW retrievals are presented for the Q-Winds and L2B 12.5-km algorithms for ten hurricane overpasses in 2003-2008. These data are also compared to independent surface wind vector estimates from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Hurricane Research Division's objective hurricane surface wind analysis technique known as H* Wind. These comparisons suggest that the Q-Winds OVW product agrees better with independently derived H* Wind analysis winds than does the conventional L2B OVW product. C1 [Laupattarakasem, Peth] Webster Univ, Orlando, FL 32821 USA. [Laupattarakasem, Peth; Jones, W. Linwood] Univ Cent Florida, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Orlando, FL 32817 USA. [Hennon, Christopher C.; Allard, John R.] Univ N Carolina, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. [Harless, Amy R.] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Harless, Amy R.] Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Black, Peter G.] SAIC Inc, Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Laupattarakasem, P (reprint author), Webster Univ, Orlando, FL 32821 USA. EM plaupat@gmail.com; ljones@pegasus.cc.ucf.edu; chennon@unca.edu; johnrall2@yahoo.com; arharles@unca.edu; peter.black@nrlmry.navy.mil FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration Headquarters for the Earth Science Research FX This work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Headquarters for the Earth Science Research Program investigations of the Ocean Vector Winds Science Team. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUL PY 2010 VL 48 IS 7 BP 2909 EP 2923 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2010.2043110 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 649RF UT WOS:000281789800013 ER PT J AU Romero, HP Remley, KA Williams, DF Wang, CM Brown, TX AF Romero, Henry P. Remley, Kate A. Williams, Dylan F. Wang, Chih-Ming Brown, Timothy X. TI Identifying RF Identification Cards From Measurements of Resonance and Carrier Harmonics SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE Authentication; electromagnetic signature; resonance frequency AB We show that careful measurements of the unloaded resonance frequency and quality factor of RF identification proximity cards allow identification of different card models and, for the set of cards we studied, identification with minimal error of individual cards of the same model. Furthermore, we show that card identification performance is improved by considering an electromagnetic signature that combines measurements of the energy at carrier harmonics during a reader/card transaction together with measurements of unloaded resonance frequency and quality factor. C1 [Romero, Henry P.; Brown, Timothy X.] Univ Colorado, Dept Appl Math, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Remley, Kate A.; Williams, Dylan F.; Wang, Chih-Ming] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Romero, HP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Appl Math, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM romeroh@colorado.edu; remley@boulder.nist.gov; dylan@boulder.nist.gov; jwang@boulder.nist.gov; timxb@colorado.edu FU U.S. Government FX Manuscript received December 28, 2009; revised April 02, 2010; accepted April 02, 2010. Date of publication May 27, 2010; date of current version July 14, 2010. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Government. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 EI 1557-9670 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 58 IS 7 BP 1758 EP 1765 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2010.2049773 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 652NO UT WOS:000282014000013 ER PT J AU Lewandowski, A Williams, DF Hale, PD Wang, JCM Dienstfrey, A AF Lewandowski, Arkadiusz Williams, Dylan F. Hale, Paul D. Wang, Jack C. M. Dienstfrey, Andrew TI Covariance-Based Vector-Network-Analyzer Uncertainty Analysis for Time- and Frequency-Domain Measurements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE Covariance matrix; frequency-domain measurements; scattering parameters; time-domain measurements; uncertainty analysis; vector network analyzer (VNA) ID ONLINE ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; DUAL 6-PORT ANA; CALIBRATION; ERRORS AB We develop a covariance-matrix-based uncertainty analysis for vector-network-analyzer (VNA) scattering-parameter measurements. The covariance matrix not only captures all of the measurement uncertainties of the scattering-parameter measurements, but also the statistical correlations between them. This allows the uncertainties of VNA scattering-parameter measurements to be propagated into the uncertainties of other quantities derived from scattering parameters, including temporal waveforms and circuit model parameters. C1 [Lewandowski, Arkadiusz] Warsaw Univ Technol, Inst Elect Syst, PL-00665 Warsaw, Poland. [Williams, Dylan F.; Hale, Paul D.; Wang, Jack C. M.; Dienstfrey, Andrew] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lewandowski, A (reprint author), Warsaw Univ Technol, Inst Elect Syst, PL-00665 Warsaw, Poland. EM A.Lewandowski@ieee.org RI Hale, Paul/B-1737-2013 NR 30 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 58 IS 7 BP 1877 EP 1886 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2010.2049768 PN 1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 652NO UT WOS:000282014000025 ER PT J AU Souryal, MR AF Souryal, Michael R. TI Non-Coherent Amplify-and-Forward Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test Receiver SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Amplify-and-forward; cooperative diversity; generalized likelihood ratio; non-coherent; relay AB This paper proposes a simple non-coherent amplifyand- forward receiver for the relay channel and evaluates its diversity performance for Rayleigh fading channels. We use the generalized likelihood ratio test to obtain the decision rule in closed form, independent of the fading distribution. The receiver is developed for M-ary orthogonal signals and multiple relays. The only side information required at the destination is the average noise energy at the receiver; no statistical knowledge of the channel gains is needed. We develop closed-form upper and lower bounds on the probability of error of this receiver for the case of binary signaling with a single relay and show that this receiver achieves near full diversity, with the probability of error decreasing with increasing signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as log(2) (SNR)/SNR(2) for large SNR. Additional results obtained by simulation demonstrate increasing diversity gain with additional relays. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Souryal, MR (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM souryal@nist.gov NR 11 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1276 J9 IEEE T WIREL COMMUN JI IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 9 IS 7 BP 2320 EP 2327 DI 10.1109/TWC.2010.07.091261 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 657HU UT WOS:000282404600023 ER PT J AU Beckman, BR Luckenbach, JA Metzger, DC Shimizu, M Dickey, JT AF Beckman, Brian R. Luckenbach, J. Adam Metzger, David C. Shimizu, Munetaka Dickey, Jon T. TI Endocrine control of growth in coho salmon: validation of a multiplex gene expression assay and quantification of relations between messenger RNA levels and proteins during feeding and fasting SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 03-07, 2010 CL Seattle, WA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Hokkaido Univ, Sch Fisheries, NOAA Fisheries, NWFSC, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060, Japan. Univ Washington, SAFS, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM brian.beckman@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 50 SU 1 BP E9 EP E9 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 630TL UT WOS:000280297000035 ER PT J AU Collins, AG Bentlage, B Gillan, W Lynn, TH Marques, AC Morandini, AC AF Collins, Allen G. Bentlage, Bastian Gillan, William Lynn, Tara H. Marques, Antonio C. Morandini, Andre C. TI Naming the Bonaire banded box jelly, the dynamic science side of a public species-naming contest SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 03-07, 2010 CL Seattle, WA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 [Collins, Allen G.; Bentlage, Bastian; Gillan, William; Lynn, Tara H.; Marques, Antonio C.; Morandini, Andre C.] Univ Sao Paulo, NOAA Fisheries Serv, Natl Systemat Lab,Systemat Lab, Univ Kansas,Boynton Beach Community High Sch, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM collinsa@si.edu RI Marques, Antonio/E-8049-2011; Morandini, Andre/A-9892-2012 OI Marques, Antonio/0000-0002-2884-0541; Morandini, Andre/0000-0003-3747-8748 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 50 SU 1 BP E32 EP E32 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 630TL UT WOS:000280297000128 ER PT J AU Dittman, AH May, D Michelle, A AF Dittman, Andrew H. May, Darran Michelle, A. TI Odorant-Induced Changes In Olfactory Receptor mRNA Expression In Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) After Imprinting SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 03-07, 2010 CL Seattle, WA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM andy.dittman@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 50 SU 1 BP E44 EP E44 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 630TL UT WOS:000280297000176 ER PT J AU Idjadi, JA Haring, RN Precht, WF AF Idjadi, Joshua A. Haring, R. Nicholas Precht, William F. TI Recovery of the sea urchin Diadema antillarum promotes scleractinian coral growth and survivorship on shallow Jamaican reefs SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 03-07, 2010 CL Seattle, WA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Eastern Connecticut State Univ, Willimantic, CT 06226 USA. City San Diego Marine Biol Lab, San Diego, CA USA. Florida Keys Natl Marine Sanctuary, Key Largo, FL USA. EM idjadij@easternct.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 50 SU 1 BP E80 EP E80 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 630TL UT WOS:000280297000319 ER PT J AU Luckenbach, JA Metzger, DC Dickey, JT Swanson, P Beckman, BR AF Luckenbach, J. A. Metzger, D. C. Dickey, J. T. Swanson, P. Beckman, B. R. TI Development and Validation of a Quantitative, Multiplex Gene Expression Assay for Components of the Endocrine Growth Axis in Salmon SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 03-07, 2010 CL Seattle, WA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM Adam.Luckenbach@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 50 SU 1 BP E261 EP E261 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 630TL UT WOS:000280297001255 ER PT J AU Marshall, CD Higgins, BM Flanagan, JP Kane, EA Neuenhoff, RD AF Marshall, C. D. Higgins, B. M. Flanagan, J. P. Kane, E. A. Neuenhoff, R. D. TI Bite Force and In Vivo Stimulation of the Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta) Adductor Mandibulae Complex SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 03-07, 2010 CL Seattle, WA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NOAA, Galveston, TX USA. Clemson Univ, Houston Zoo, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. EM marshalc@tamug.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 50 SU 1 BP E264 EP E264 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 630TL UT WOS:000280297001267 ER PT J AU Mcdonald, BI Goebel, ME Crocker, DE Costa, DP AF Mcdonald, B., I Goebel, M. E. Crocker, D. E. Costa, D. P. TI Maternal investment in the Antarctic fur seal: Impacts of maternal traits, pup traits, and provisioning strategy SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 03-07, 2010 CL Seattle, WA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. NOAA, Antarctic Ecol Res Div, Silver Spring, MD USA. Sonoma State Univ, Rohnert Pk, CA USA. EM mcdonald@biology.ucsc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 50 SU 1 BP E113 EP E113 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 630TL UT WOS:000280297000450 ER PT J AU Noren, DP Dunkin, RC Williams, TM Noaa, NMFS AF Noren, D. P. Dunkin, R. C. Williams, T. M. Noaa, N. M. F. S. TI The energetic cost of surface active behaviors in dolphins SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 03-07, 2010 CL Seattle, WA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 [Noren, D. P.; Dunkin, R. C.; Williams, T. M.; Noaa, N. M. F. S.] Univ CA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. EM dawn.noren@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 50 SU 1 BP E125 EP E125 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 630TL UT WOS:000280297000499 ER PT J AU Yamamoto, Y Luckenbach, JA Goetz, FW Young, G Swanson, P AF Yamamoto, Y. Luckenbach, J. A. Goetz, F. W. Young, G. Swanson, P. TI Gene Expression Changes during Early Secondary Oocyte Growth and Onset of Atresia in Coho Salmon SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 03-07, 2010 CL Seattle, WA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. EM yojifish@u.washington.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 50 SU 1 BP E193 EP E193 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 630TL UT WOS:000280297000771 ER PT J AU Wood, KR Overland, JE AF Wood, Kevin R. Overland, James E. TI Early 20th century Arctic warming in retrospect SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arctic warming; early 20(th) century; coupled climate system; atmospheric circulation; intrinsic variability; climate change ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PRESSURE DATA; MASS-BALANCE; TRENDS; PACIFIC; OCEAN; CIRCULATION; REANALYSIS AB The major early 20(th) century climatic fluctuation (similar to 1920-1940) has been the subject of scientific enquiry from the time it was detected in the 1920s. The papers of scientists who studied the event first-hand have faded into obscurity but their insights are relevant today. We review this event through a rediscovery of early research and new assessments of the instrumental record. Much of the inter-annual to decadal scale variability in surface air temperature (SAT) anomaly patterns and related ecosystem effects in the Arctic and elsewhere can be attributed to the superposition of leading modes of variability in the atmospheric circulation. Meridional circulation patterns were an important factor in the high latitudes of the North Atlantic during the early climatic fluctuation. Sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies that appeared during this period were congruent with low-frequency variability in the climate system but were themselves most likely the result of anomalous forcing by the atmosphere. The high-resolution data necessary to verify this hypothesis are lacking, but the consistency of multiple lines of evidence provides strong support. Our findings indicate that early climatic fluctuation is best interpreted as a large but random climate excursion imposed on top of the steadily rising global mean temperature associated with anthropogenic forcing. Copyright (C) 2009 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Wood, Kevin R.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Overland, James E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Wood, KR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, 3737 Brooklyn Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM Kevin.R.Wood@noaa.gov FU NOAA; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) [NA17RJ1232]; NSF [0531286] FX We appreciate discussions with J. M. Wallace, G. Roe and N. Bond at the University of Washington. We gratefully acknowledge the support of the NOAA Arctic Research Program. This publication was funded, in part, by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement No. NA17RJ1232, Contribution 1432. This paper is a contribution to the Arctic System Science Program under NSF grant 0531286. PMEL Contribution 3111. NR 84 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 EI 1097-0088 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 30 IS 9 BP 1269 EP 1279 DI 10.1002/joc.1973 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 638CC UT WOS:000280867500001 ER EF