FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Farmer, NA Ault, JS AF Farmer, Nicholas A. Ault, Jerald S. TI Grouper and snapper movements and habitat use in Dry Tortugas, Florida SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Acoustic tracking; Snapper-grouper complex; Movement patterns; Home range; Marine reserves; Coral reef fishes ID HOME-RANGE SIZE; NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY; CORAL-REEF ECOSYSTEM; PROTECTED AREAS; MULTISPECIES FISHERIES; SPAWNING AGGREGATIONS; BLACK GROUPER; SITE FIDELITY; SHORT-TERM; ST-LUCIA AB Home ranges, activity patterns, and habitat preferences in and around no-take marine reserves (NTMRs) were evaluated for 5 exploited snapper-grouper species in diverse coral reef habitats in the Dry Tortugas, Florida. Movements of ultrasonic tagged reef fish were determined using a calibrated array of omnidirectional hydroacoustic receivers. Average home range sizes were 2.09 +/- 0.39 km(2) (n = 28; total length, TL = 45 to 66 cm) for red grouper Epinephelus morio, 4.17 +/- 1.75 km(2) (n = 5, TL = 48 to 55 cm) for yellowtail snapper Ocyurus chrysurus, 1.44 +/- 1.04 km(2) (n = 2, TL = 57 to 75 cm) for black grouper Mycteroperca bonaci, and 7.64 km(2) (n = 1, TL = 70 cm) for mutton snapper Lutjanus analis. Red grouper and yellowtail snapper moved moderate distances (from 700 to 900 m) with moderate frequency. Observed movements for black groupers were relatively small and infrequent. Mutton snappers appeared to make short, frequent movements. A tracked gray snapper L. griseus made long-distance nocturnal migrations. Several exploited-phase groupers and snappers crossed into and out of reserve boundaries. They were most likely to do so in locations where boundaries were positioned over contiguous coral reef and close to home-range centers. We found that home ranges for red grouper, black grouper, and yellowtail snapper were relatively small in comparison to NTMR area. Our observations suggest that the Dry Tortugas NTMRs may reduce exposure to exploitation for these and other species with limited home ranges, especially where NTMR boundaries do not overlie contiguous reef. C1 [Farmer, Nicholas A.; Ault, Jerald S.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Farmer, Nicholas A.] NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Reg Off, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Farmer, NA (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM nick.farmer@noaa.gov RI Ault, Jerald/A-5241-2008 OI Ault, Jerald/0000-0001-9657-8007 FU National Park Service CESU [H5000065040-J5281060165]; NOAA NMFS Coral Reef Conservation [NA17RJ1226, NA08OAR4320892]; ASEE National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship; University of Miami Doctoral Fellowship FX This research was supported by National Park Service CESU contract H5000065040-J5281060165 and NOAA NMFS Coral Reef Conservation Program Grants NA17RJ1226 and NA08OAR4320892. Graduate support was provided to N.A.F. by an ASEE National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship and a University of Miami Doctoral Fellowship. We thank Superintendent D. Kimball and Assistant Superintendent R. Howard of Dry Tortugas National Park, and B. Causey of the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, for funding, permits, and access to resources. We thank the following for additional support: Florida Foundation for Responsible Angling; International Light Tackle Tournament Association; International Women's Fishing Association Ryan Kelley Memorial Scholarship; Marine Technology Society; PADI Project AWARE; SEA-SPACE; Yamaha Contender Miami Billfish Tournament; University of Miami Small Boats Program; Yankee Fleet of Key West; Costa del Mar; National Marine Fisheries Service; G. Kelley; S. Donahue; The Calloway Family; American Institute of Fishery Research Biologists; US Geological Survey; Stock Island Oceanside Marina; Andy Griffiths Charters of Key West, Florida; D. B. Olson, N. M. Ehrhardt, and J. W. McManus of the University of Miami; and our many field volunteers. All research was in full compliance with the University of Miami Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. NR 84 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 38 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 433 BP 169 EP 184 DI 10.3354/meps09198 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 794JB UT WOS:000292890400014 ER PT J AU Mangel, JC Alfaro-Shigueto, J Witt, MJ Dutton, PH Seminoff, JA Godley, BJ AF Mangel, Jeffrey C. Alfaro-Shigueto, Joanna Witt, Matthew J. Dutton, Peter H. Seminoff, Jeffrey A. Godley, Brendan J. TI Post-capture movements of loggerhead turtles in the southeastern Pacific Ocean assessed by satellite tracking SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Caretta caretta; Peru; Chile; Small-scale fisheries; Bycatch; Habitat; Governance ID PELAGIC LONGLINE FISHERY; SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES; SEA-TURTLES; CARETTA-CARETTA; MARINE TURTLES; NORTH PACIFIC; BY-CATCH; POSTRELEASE MORTALITY; HABITAT USE; BYCATCH AB The post-capture movements made by loggerhead sea turtles Caretta caretta in the southeastern Pacific Ocean were monitored from 2003 to 2007. Fourteen loggerhead turtles were fitted with satellite transmitters and released off the coast of Peru. All turtles were juveniles (curved carapace length range: 40.5 to 68.5 cm) incidentally captured by small-scale longline fishing vessels from southern or central Peru. Track durations were highly variable (mean +/- SD: 143 +/- 90 d; range: 8 to 297 d) with no clear signs of immediate post-release mortality. Upon release, all turtles moved offshore beyond the continental shelf. Eight of 11 turtles tracked for > 60 d had final displacements of < 750 km, suggesting that loggerhead turtles often maintain extended residency in these waters and that this area is an important foraging zone for loggerhead turtles of southwest Pacific origin. Satellite tracks also showed a substantial overlap of areas used by turtles with known Peruvian longline fishing effort. Turtles spent 75% of their time within the area fished by this fleet (based upon observed sets). This suggests that turtles are vulnerable to fishery interactions and that bycatch mitigation measures should be employed to minimize fishery impacts on loggerhead turtles. The loggerhead turtles tracked during this study spent ca. 51% of their time in Peruvian waters, 39% in international waters and 9% in Chilean waters, which emphasizes the need for a multinational approach to sea turtle conservation and fisheries management in the region. C1 [Mangel, Jeffrey C.; Alfaro-Shigueto, Joanna] Pro Delphinus, Lima 11, Peru. [Mangel, Jeffrey C.; Alfaro-Shigueto, Joanna; Witt, Matthew J.; Godley, Brendan J.] Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Penryn TR10 9EZ, Cornwall, England. [Dutton, Peter H.; Seminoff, Jeffrey A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Mangel, JC (reprint author), Pro Delphinus, Octavio Bernal 572-5, Lima 11, Peru. EM jcm210@exeter.ac.uk RI godley, brendan/A-6139-2009 OI godley, brendan/0000-0003-3845-0034 FU NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service Southwest Fisheries Science Center; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Darwin Initiative; Peninsula Research Institute for Marine Renewable Energy (PRIMaRE) FX We warmly thank the participating fishers, Captains Miguel Cuentas and Francisco Bernedo in particular, for their generous collaboration. Pro Delphinus biologists and veterinarians D. Montes and M. Pajuelo provided superb field work. The artisanal fisher association from the port of Ilo (SUBCABPI) provided excellent logistical support. The manuscript benefitted from helpful comments by 4 anonymous reviewers. Project funding and equipment was provided by NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service Southwest Fisheries Science Center and the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation. J.C.M. and J.A.S. are Overseas Research and Students Awards Scheme (ORSAS) and University of Exeter scholarship awardees, respectively. J.C.M., J.A.S. and B.J.G. received funding from the Darwin Initiative. M.J.W. is funded by the Peninsula Research Institute for Marine Renewable Energy (PRIMaRE). Research was authorized under Instituto Nacional de Recursos Naturales (INRENA) permits 015-2002-INRENA-J-DGFFS-DCB, 070-2003-INRENA-IFFS-DCB, 068-2004-INRENA-IFFS-DCB, 025-2005-INRENA-IFFS-DCB and 002-2006-INRENA-IFFS-DCB. NR 88 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 27 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 433 BP 261 EP U307 DI 10.3354/meps09152 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 794JB UT WOS:000292890400021 ER PT J AU Hale, RC Gallo, KP Tarpley, D Yu, YY AF Hale, Robert C. Gallo, Kevin P. Tarpley, Dan Yu, Yunyue TI Characterization of variability at in situ locations for calibration/validation of satellite-derived land surface temperature data SO REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VALIDATION; SURFRAD; ASTER AB Calibration and validation (cal/val) of data derived from satellite-based instruments is critical to providing accurate global measurements of environmental variables at useful spatial and temporal resolutions. In this letter, statistical models based on linear regressions employing various predictor variables were utilized to elucidate appropriate methods of characterizing variability near ground sites that might be used for calibration and validation. Regressions based on more complex statistics performed no better than those based on easily derived statistics, and the regression relations provided valuable information for assessing the potential quality of satellite-based measures of land surface temperature. C1 [Hale, Robert C.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Gallo, Kevin P.; Yu, Yunyue] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Tarpley, Dan] Short & Associates Inc, Chevy Chase, MD USA. RP Hale, RC (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM rhale@usgs.gov RI Gallo, Kevin P./F-5588-2010; Yu, Yunyue/F-5636-2010 FU NOAA FX This study was partially supported by the NOAA GOES-R Program. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2150-704X J9 REMOTE SENS LETT JI Remote Sens. Lett. PY 2011 VL 2 IS 1 BP 41 EP 50 DI 10.1080/01431161.2010.490569 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 794CJ UT WOS:000292872700005 ER PT J AU Wiley, D Ware, C Bocconcelli, A Cholewiak, D Friedlaender, A Thompson, M Weinrich, M AF Wiley, David Ware, Colin Bocconcelli, Alessandro Cholewiak, Danielle Friedlaender, Ari Thompson, Michael Weinrich, Mason TI Underwater components of humpback whale bubble-net feeding behaviour SO BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article DE humpback whale; feeding; bubble net; kinematic; spiral-loop; double-loop ID WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; SOUTHERN GULF; BALEEN WHALES; BALAENOPTERA-PHYSALUS; AMMODYTES-AMERICANUS; MAINE; ASSOCIATIONS; STABILITY; EVOLUTION AB Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) employ a unique and complex foraging behaviour - bubble-netting - that involves expelling air underwater to form a vertical cylinder-ring of bubbles around prey. We used digital suction cup tags (DTAGs) that concurrently measure pitch, roll, heading, depth and sound (96 kHz sampling rate), to provide the first depiction of the underwater behaviours in which humpback whales engage during bubble-net feeding. Body mechanics and swim paths were analysed using custom visualization software that animates the underwater track of the whale and quantifies tag sensor values. Bubble production was identified aurally and through spectrographic analysis of tag audio records. We identified two classes of behaviour (upward-spiral; 6 animals, 118 events and double-loop; 3 animals, 182 events) that whales used to create bubble nets. Specifically, we show the actual swim path of the whales (e. g., number of revolutions, turning rate, depth interval of spiral), when and where in the process bubbles were expelled and the pattern of bubble expulsion used by the animals. Relative to other baleanopterids, bubble-netting humpbacks demonstrate increased manoeuvrability probably aided by a unique hydrodynamicly enhanced body form. We identified an approximately 20 m depth or depth interval limit to the use of bubble nets and suggest that this limit is due to the physics of bubble dispersal to which humpback whales have behaviourally adapted. All animals were feeding with at least one untagged animal and we use our data to speculate that reciprocity or by-product mutualism best explain coordinated feeding behaviour in humpbacks. C1 [Wiley, David; Cholewiak, Danielle; Thompson, Michael] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Stellwagen Bank Natl Marine Sanctuary, Scituate, MA 02066 USA. [Ware, Colin] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Bocconcelli, Alessandro] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Friedlaender, Ari] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Weinrich, Mason] Whale Ctr New England, Gloucester, MA 01931 USA. RP Wiley, D (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Stellwagen Bank Natl Marine Sanctuary, 175 Edward Foster Rd, Scituate, MA 02066 USA. EM David.Wiley@noaa.gov FU Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary; Office of National Marine Sanctuaries; National Oceanographic Partnership Program FX We thank the officers and crew of the NOAA research vessels Nancy Foster and Auk for their capable assistance during field operations. We also thank the various members of our field team over the years, including Roland Arsenault, Pat Halpin, Elliot Hazen, Tom Hurst, Just Moller, Susan Parks, Cara Pecarcik, Allison Rosner, Kate Sardi, Jamison Smith, Alison Stimpert, Jennifer Tackaberry, Becky Woodward and Jeremy Winn. Funding was provided by the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, Office of National Marine Sanctuaries, and the National Oceanographic Partnership Program. Whale tag data were collected under permit Nos 775-185 (Northeast Fisheries Science Centre) and 605-1904 (Whale Centre of New England) issued by the United States National Marine Fisheries Service. We thank Jim Hain and Robert D. Kenney for providing the photos for the cover of this issue. The manuscript benefitted from the comments of Phil Clapham, Bruce Alexander Schulte and two anonymous reviewers. NR 49 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 15 U2 101 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0005-7959 J9 BEHAVIOUR JI Behaviour PY 2011 VL 148 IS 5-6 BP 575 EP 602 DI 10.1163/000579511X570893 PG 28 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 791WH UT WOS:000292698300002 ER PT J AU Manglik, RM Bergles, AE Kedzierski, MA Rudy, TM AF Manglik, R. M. Bergles, A. E. Kedzierski, M. A. Rudy, T. M. TI IN MEMORIAM: PROFESSOR RALPH L. WEBB (1934-2011) SO JOURNAL OF ENHANCED HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Manglik, R. M.] Univ Cincinnati, Thermal Fluids & Thermal Proc Lab, Dept Mech Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Bergles, A. E.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Engn Aero Engn & Mech, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Bergles, A. E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, Clark Sch Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bergles, A. E.] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Kedzierski, M. A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rudy, T. M.] Meadow Brook Farm LLC, Essex Consulting Grp, Warrenton, VA 20186 USA. RP Manglik, RM (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Thermal Fluids & Thermal Proc Lab, Dept Mech Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM Raj.Manglik@uc.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 1065-5131 J9 J ENHANC HEAT TRANSF JI J. Enhanc. Heat Transf. PY 2011 VL 18 IS 4 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 793AB UT WOS:000292791400001 ER PT B AU Justice, CO Vermote, E Privette, J Sei, A AF Justice, Christopher O. Vermote, Eric Privette, Jeff Sei, Alain BE Ramachandran, B Justice, CO Abrams, MJ TI The Evolution of US Moderate Resolution Optical Land Remote Sensing from AVHRR to VIIRS SO LAND REMOTE SENSING AND GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE: NASA'S EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEM AND THE SCIENCE OF ASTER AND MODIS SE Remote Sensing and Digital Image Processing LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER MODIS; SATELLITE DATA; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; RADIOMETER AVHRR; EOS-MODIS; CLASSIFICATION; VALIDATION; ALGORITHM; PRODUCTS; PROGRAM AB Moderate resolution satellite data have become an integral part of land remote sensing, which provide observations to support global and climate change research and applications of societal benefit. Starting with the NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), daily data analysis in the time-domain provided important new insights in vegetation studies at the global scale. Combining the temporal characteristics of the AVHRR and extending the spectral characteristics of the Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper, the NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments launched a new era in land remote sensing. The Terra and Aqua MODIS instruments now provide science quality, moderate resolution data with spatial resolutions from 250 m to 1 km. The next generation U.S. moderate resolution sensor, the Visible/Infrared Imager/Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), is scheduled to fly on the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Preparatory Project (NPP), expected to launch in October 2011, and subsequently on successive NPOESS platforms. The VIERS instillment will transition much of the capability of the experimental MODIS instruments into the operational domain, a critical step for the land remote sensing community. This chapter provides the background to the current state of moderate resolution land remote sensing, and a description of the VIIRS instrument and the associated Environmental Data Records for the land surface. The VIIRS sensor and product similarities and differences with MODIS are described. The challenges in meeting the future needs for moderate resolution land remote sensing are discussed. C1 [Justice, Christopher O.; Vermote, Eric] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Privette, Jeff] NOAA Natl Climat Data Ctr, Remote Sensing & Applicat Div, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Sei, Alain] Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Algorithms Models & Simulat Dept, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. RP Justice, CO (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM justice@hermes.geog.umd.edu; justice@hermes.geog.umd.edu NR 63 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4419-6748-0 J9 REMOTE SENS DIGIT IM PY 2011 VL 11 BP 781 EP 806 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-6749-7_34 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-6749-7 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BSG06 UT WOS:000284351600034 ER PT S AU Attota, R Dixson, RG Vladar, AE AF Attota, Ravikiran Dixson, Ronald G. Vladar, Andras E. BE Postek, MT Newbury, DE Platek, SF Joy, DC Maugel, TK TI Through-focus Scanning Optical Microscopy SO SCANNING MICROSCOPIES 2011: ADVANCED MICROSCOPY TECHNOLOGIES FOR DEFENSE, HOMELAND SECURITY, FORENSIC, LIFE, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND INDUSTRIAL SCIENCES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Scanning Microscopies 2011 - Advanced Microscopy Technologies for Defense, Homeland Security, Forensic, Life, Environmental, and Industrial Sciences CY APR 26-28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE TSOM; through focus; optical microscope; nanometrology; process control; nanomanufacturing; nanoparticles; overlay metrology; critical dimension; defect analysis; dimensional analysis; MEMS; NEMS; photonics ID METROLOGY AB Through-focus scanning optical microscopy (TSOM) is another 'scanning' based method that provides three-dimensional information (i.e. the size, shape and location) about micro-and nanometer-scale structures. TSOM, based on a conventional optical microscope, achieves this by acquiring and analyzing a set of optical images collected at various focus positions going through focus (from above-focus to under-focus). The measurement sensitivity is comparable to what is possible with typical light scatterometry, SEM and AFM. One of the unique characteristics of the TSOM method is its ability to separate different dimensional differences (i.e. ability to distinguish, for example, linewidth difference from line height difference), and hence is expected to reduce measurement uncertainty. TSOM holds the promise of high-throughput, through comparative measurement applications for wide variety of application areas with potentially significant savings and yield improvements. C1 [Attota, Ravikiran; Dixson, Ronald G.; Vladar, Andras E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Attota, R (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ravikiran.attota@nist.gov NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-610-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8036 AR 803610 DI 10.1117/12.884706 PG 9 WC Microscopy; Optics SC Microscopy; Optics GA BVS57 UT WOS:000292651000024 ER PT S AU Cizmar, P Vladar, AE Postek, MT AF Cizmar, Petr Vladar, Andras E. Postek, Michael T. BE Postek, MT Newbury, DE Platek, SF Joy, DC Maugel, TK TI Advanced Image Composition with Intra-Frame Drift Correction SO SCANNING MICROSCOPIES 2011: ADVANCED MICROSCOPY TECHNOLOGIES FOR DEFENSE, HOMELAND SECURITY, FORENSIC, LIFE, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND INDUSTRIAL SCIENCES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Scanning Microscopies 2011 - Advanced Microscopy Technologies for Defense, Homeland Security, Forensic, Life, Environmental, and Industrial Sciences CY APR 26-28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB Drift Corrected Image Composition (DCIC) is a real-time technique that allows for acquiring more accurate images applicable in nanometer-scale imaging and metrology. This technique may be improved by adding intra-frame drift correction as a further step in image-frame processing before the final composition. This new technique allows for further correction of the drift-related distortions in the individual frames. This is important especially for the metrological applications in nano-scale. This intra-frame drift correction requires knowledge of all dead times. This work proposes two possible approaches, how these values may be found. C1 [Cizmar, Petr; Vladar, Andras E.; Postek, Michael T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20874 USA. RP Cizmar, P (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20874 USA. EM pcizmar@nist.gov NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-610-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8036 AR 80360D DI 10.1117/12.887183 PG 5 WC Microscopy; Optics SC Microscopy; Optics GA BVS57 UT WOS:000292651000008 ER PT S AU Dixson, R Orji, NG McGray, CD Geist, J AF Dixson, Ronald Orji, Ndubuisi G. McGray, Craig D. Geist, Jon BE Postek, MT Newbury, DE Platek, SF Joy, DC Maugel, TK TI Traceable Calibration of a Critical Dimension Atomic Force Microscope SO SCANNING MICROSCOPIES 2011: ADVANCED MICROSCOPY TECHNOLOGIES FOR DEFENSE, HOMELAND SECURITY, FORENSIC, LIFE, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND INDUSTRIAL SCIENCES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Scanning Microscopies 2011 - Advanced Microscopy Technologies for Defense, Homeland Security, Forensic, Life, Environmental, and Industrial Sciences CY APR 26-28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE CD-AFM; metrology; CD; linewidth; reference measurement system; standards; calibration; traceability ID CD-AFM; REFERENCE METROLOGY; LINEWIDTH STANDARD; NIST AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has a multifaceted program in atomic force microscope (AFM) dimensional metrology. One component of this effort is a custom in-house metrology AFM, called the calibrated AFM (C-AFM). The NIST C-AFM has displacement metrology for all three axes traceable to the 633 nm wavelength of the iodine-stabilized He-Ne laser. A second major component of this program, and the focus of this paper, is the use of critical dimension atomic force microscopy (CD-AFM). CD-AFM is a commercially available AFM technology that uses flared tips and two-dimensional surface sensing to scan the sidewalls of near-vertical or even reentrant features. Features of this sort are commonly encountered in semiconductor manufacturing and other nanotechnology industries. NIST has experience in the calibration and characterization of CD-AFM instruments and in the development of uncertainty budgets for typical measurands in semiconductor manufacturing metrology. A third generation CD-AFM was recently installed at NIST. The current performance of this instrument for pitch and height measurements appears to support our relative expanded uncertainty (k = 2) goals in the range of 1.0 x 10(-3) down to 1.0 x 10(-4). C1 [Dixson, Ronald; Orji, Ndubuisi G.; McGray, Craig D.; Geist, Jon] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dixson, R (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-610-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8036 AR 80360S DI 10.1117/12.887290 PG 10 WC Microscopy; Optics SC Microscopy; Optics GA BVS57 UT WOS:000292651000020 ER PT S AU Newbury, DE Ritchie, NWM AF Newbury, Dale E. Ritchie, Nicholas W. M. BE Postek, MT Newbury, DE Platek, SF Joy, DC Maugel, TK TI Is Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (SEM/EDS) Quantitative? Effects of Specimen Shape SO SCANNING MICROSCOPIES 2011: ADVANCED MICROSCOPY TECHNOLOGIES FOR DEFENSE, HOMELAND SECURITY, FORENSIC, LIFE, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND INDUSTRIAL SCIENCES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Scanning Microscopies 2011 - Advanced Microscopy Technologies for Defense, Homeland Security, Forensic, Life, Environmental, and Industrial Sciences CY APR 26-28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Elemental analysis; energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS); scanning electron microscopy (SEM); silicon drift detector energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer (SDD-EDS); quantitative analysis; x-ray microanalysis ID MICROANALYSIS AB The extraordinary throughput of the silicon drift detector energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer (SDD-EDS) enables collection of EDS spectra with much higher integrated counts within practical time periods, e. g., 100 s or less, compared to past experience with the Si(Li)-EDS. Such high count SDD spectra, containing one million to ten million counts, yield characteristic peak intensities with relative standard deviation below 0.25%, a precision similar to that achieved with wavelength dispersive spectrometry (WDS), the "gold standard" of microprobe analysis, but at lower dose because of the greater solid angle of the SDD-EDS. Such high count SDD-EDS spectra also enable more accurate quantification, nearly indistinguishable from WDS for major and minor constituents when the WDS unknown-to-standard intensity ratio ("k-value") protocol is followed. A critical requirement to satisfy this measurement protocol is that the specimen must be a highly polished bulk target. The geometric character of specimens examined in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) often deviates greatly from the ideal flat bulk target but EDS spectra can still be readily obtained and analyzed. The influence of geometric factors such as local inclination and surface topography on the accuracy of quantitative EDS analysis is examined. Normalized concentration values are subject to very large errors, as high as a factor of 10, as a result of deviation of the specimen geometry from the ideal flat bulk target. C1 [Newbury, Dale E.; Ritchie, Nicholas W. M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Newbury, DE (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-610-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8036 AR 803602 DI 10.1117/12.881040 PG 16 WC Microscopy; Optics SC Microscopy; Optics GA BVS57 UT WOS:000292651000002 ER PT B AU Haszpra, L Barcza, Z Szilagyi, I Dlugokencky, E Tans, P AF Haszpra, Laszlo Barcza, Zoltan Szilagyi, Istvan Dlugokencky, Ed Tans, Pieter BE Haszpra, L TI Trends and Temporal Variations of Major Greenhouse Gases at a Rural Site in Central Europe SO ATMOSPHERIC GREENHOUSE GASES: THE HUNGARIAN PERSPECTIVE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Carbon dioxide; Methane; Nitrous oxide; Sulfur hexafluoride; Trend; Temporal variation ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; PART 1; CO2; METHANE; SIGNALS; SF6 AB In this chapter, the trends and temporal variations of four major greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)) measured at Hegyhatsal, Hungary, are analyzed on the basis of in situ and flask measurements. The long-term trends observed closely follow the global tendencies. The relatively small positive offset can be attributed to the European anthropogenic sources. The seasonal cycles are basically governed by that in the atmospheric mixing; however, in the case of CO2 and N2O, it is also modulated by the temporal variation in the biological activity. A secondary maximum in SF6 mixing ratio in summer may indicate the additional contribution of the seasonally changing circulation pattern. The daily cycles are dominated by the diurnal variation in the vertical mixing of the atmosphere. However, in the case of CO2, the diurnal cycle in the biospheric uptake/release is the governing process, especially in the growing season. The lack of a diurnal cycle in the mixing ratio of the exclusively anthropogenic SF6 indicates that there is no notable anthropogenic activity in the influence area of the station, which supports that Hegyhatsal tall tower can be considered to be a rural monitoring site as free from direct anthropogenic pollution as it is possible in Central Europe. C1 [Haszpra, Laszlo] Hungarian Meteorol Serv, H-1675 Budapest, Hungary. [Barcza, Zoltan] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Meteorol, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. [Szilagyi, Istvan] Hungarian Acad Sci, Chem Res Ctr, H-1025 Budapest, Hungary. [Dlugokencky, Ed; Tans, Pieter] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Haszpra, L (reprint author), Hungarian Meteorol Serv, POB 39, H-1675 Budapest, Hungary. EM haszpra.1@met.hu; haszpra.1@met.hu OI Barcza, Zoltan/0000-0002-1278-0636 NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-9949-5 PY 2011 BP 29 EP 47 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9950-1_3 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-9950-1 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BSE79 UT WOS:000284291300003 ER PT B AU Groisman, P Gutman, G Reissell, A AF Groisman, Pavel Gutman, Garik Reissell, Anni BE Gutman, G Reissel, A TI Introduction: Climate and Land-Cover Changes in the Arctic SO EURASIAN ARCTIC LAND COVER AND LAND USE IN A CHANGING CLIMATE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SNOW COVER; NORTHERN EURASIA; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY AB The last 10 years have been the warmest in the Arctic during the 120-year period of instrumental observations. The global mean surface temperature during that period has increased by about 0.8 degrees C, with stronger changes in the Arctic. Retreat of the Arctic sea ice during the past decades open an additional source of heat and water vapor in the autumn and early winter seasons. If these warming trends continue, they will significantly affect the Arctic land cover and land use, also causing impacts on the global scale. The changes will occur in the natural land cover, with perhaps the greatest effects in that part of the Arctic where the land cover has already been modified by human activities. In many Arctic areas there has been a clear shift from the land use practiced by indigenous peoples to intensive exploitation of the land for commercial and industrial uses. New navigation routes across the Arctic Ocean shelf seas are broadly discussed. If and when implemented, these routes will change the Arctic land use and the life style of the population. The International Polar Year (IPY) program involving over 200 projects with thousands of scientists from over 60 nations is coming to its final stage. This book is a compilation of the studies which have been conducted in the framework of the NASA Land-Cover/Land-Use Change Program and which have been focused on the Arctic region of Northern Eurasia, although some comparisons are made with the results in North America. The region of interest in the current book is north of 60 degrees latitude, specifically transitional forest-tundra and tundra zones. C1 [Groisman, Pavel] Natl Climate Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Gutman, Garik] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Reissell, Anni] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RP Groisman, P (reprint author), Natl Climate Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM pasha.groisman@noaa.gov; ggutman@nasa.gov; anni.reissell@helsinki.fi NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-9117-8 PY 2011 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9118-5_1 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-9118-5 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BSD75 UT WOS:000284236100001 ER PT B AU Shiklomanov, AI Bohn, TJ Lettenmaier, DP Lammers, RB Romanov, P Rawlins, MA Adam, JC AF Shiklomanov, Alexander I. Bohn, Theodore J. Lettenmaier, Dennis P. Lammers, Richard B. Romanov, Peter Rawlins, Michael A. Adam, Jennifer C. BE Gutman, G Reissel, A TI Interactions Between Land Cover/Use Change and Hydrology SO EURASIAN ARCTIC LAND COVER AND LAND USE IN A CHANGING CLIMATE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SNOW WATER EQUIVALENT; METHANE EMISSIONS; ARCTIC-OCEAN; OBSERVATIONAL EVIDENCE; NORTHERN EURASIA; ALASKA GLACIERS; RIVER DISCHARGE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SATELLITE DATA; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB The water cycle is a vital component of the North Eurasian environment and plays a central role in the region's climate, biology, biogeochemistry and in human interactions with the natural environment. The Northern Eurasian arctic drainage covers more than 2/3 of the pan-arctic land mass. Substantial changes in land cover and land use have occurred over the region in recent decades, as a result of changes in climate, permafrost, and water management, among other factors. These changes are likely to affect large-scale linkages between the regional and global climate system, but the nature of these interactions is not well understood. In this chapter, we analyze changes in the dominant hydrological components and explore the interaction of the terrestrial and atmospheric water cycles, with particular attention to key regional cryospheric processes and linkages between the water and carbon cycles. The monitoring of the water cycle from observational networks and remote sensing along with strategies for improving hydrological change detection are discussed in the context of changes in land cover and land use. C1 [Shiklomanov, Alexander I.; Lammers, Richard B.] Univ New Hampshire, Water Syst Anal Grp, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Bohn, Theodore J.; Lettenmaier, Dennis P.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Romanov, Peter] NOAA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Rawlins, Michael A.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Geosci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Adam, Jennifer C.] Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Shiklomanov, AI (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Water Syst Anal Grp, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM alex.shiklomanov@unh.edu; tbohn@hydro.washington.edu; dennisl@u.washington.edu; richard.lammers@unh.edu; peter.romanov@noaa.gov; rawlins@geo.umass.edu; jcadam@wsu.edu RI Bohn, Theodore/K-4494-2012; lettenmaier, dennis/F-8780-2011 OI Bohn, Theodore/0000-0002-1880-9129; lettenmaier, dennis/0000-0003-3317-1327 NR 140 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-9117-8 PY 2011 BP 137 EP 175 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9118-5_7 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-9118-5 PG 39 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BSD75 UT WOS:000284236100007 ER PT J AU Snover, ML Hohn, AA Goshe, LR Balazs, GH AF Snover, Melissa L. Hohn, Aleta A. Goshe, Lisa R. Balazs, George H. TI Validation of annual skeletal marks in green sea turtles Chelonia mydas using tetracycline labeling SO AQUATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fluorescent marks; Skeletochronology; Age; Growth marks ID LOGGERHEAD CARETTA-CARETTA; SKELETOCHRONOLOGICAL ANALYSIS; HAWAIIAN ARCHIPELAGO; AGE ESTIMATION; GROWTH; LIZARD; BONE AB The technique of skeletochronology has been widely applied to age and growth studies of most species of sea turtles, although direct validation of annual growth marks has only been demonstrated for loggerheads Caretta caretta and Kemp's ridleys Lepidochelys kempii. In this study we present validation of annual growth mark deposition in green sea turtles Chelonia mydas. Fourteen green sea turtles, previously captured in nearshore waters in the main Hawaiian Islands and injected with oxytetracycline (OTC), were recovered stranded, and the humeri were prepared for skeletochronological analysis. Each sea turtle had received a single dose of 25 mg kg(-1) OTC, with half injected into each pectoral muscle. Seven of these sea turtles either were not at large long enough or did not grow enough for either the OTC mark to be discernable in bone cross-sections or for a growth mark to have been deposited after the OTC mark. Based on the hypothesis of one mark per year, the expected number of growth marks was visible exterior to the OTC mark in the humeri of the 7 remaining sea turtles, providing strong validation that growth marks are annual. These results support the use of skeletochronology for age and growth rate estimates in green sea turtles and the need for validation to ensure accurate interpretation of growth marks. C1 [Snover, Melissa L.; Balazs, George H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Hohn, Aleta A.; Goshe, Lisa R.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Snover, ML (reprint author), Denali Natl Pk & Preserve, POB 9, Denali Natl Pk, AK 99755 USA. EM melissa_snover@nps.gov RI Hohn, Aleta/G-2888-2011 OI Hohn, Aleta/0000-0002-9992-7062 NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1864-7790 EI 1864-7782 J9 AQUAT BIOL JI Aquat. Biol. PY 2011 VL 12 IS 3 BP 197 EP 204 DI 10.3354/ab00337 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 778IA UT WOS:000291696100001 ER PT S AU Lee, JY Lesoine, JF Krogmeier, JR Kang, H Clarke, M Chang, R Sackett, DL Nossal, R Hwang, J AF Lee, Ji Youn Lesoine, John F. Krogmeier, Jeffrey R. Kang, Hyeonggon Clarke, Matthew Chang, Robert Sackett, Dan L. Nossal, Ralph Hwang, Jeeseong BE Raghavachari, R Liang, R TI Real-time fluorescence polarization microscopy for probing local distributions of biomolecules SO DESIGN AND QUALITY FOR BIOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Design and Quality for Biomedical Technologies IV CY JAN 23-25, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE polarization microscopy; fluorescence imaging; liquid crystal variable retarder; fluorescent analog; DiI; BODIPY; absorption dipole; lipid domain; membrane dynamics; cellular process ID SINGLE MOLECULES; MEMBRANE; SPECTROSCOPY; ORIENTATIONS; MICRODOMAINS AB We present real-time, full-field, fluorescence polarization microscopy and its calibration and validation methods to monitor the absorption dipole orientation of fluorescent molecules. A quarter-wave plate, in combination with a liquid crystal variable retarder (LCVR), provides a tunable method to rotate a linear polarized light prior to being coupled into a fluorescence microscope. A series of full-field fluorescence polarization images are obtained of fluorescent molecules interleaved into the lipid bilyaer of liposomes. With this system, the dynamic dipole orientation of the fluorescent lipid analog tetramethylindocarbocyanine (DiI)-labeled lipids inserted in liposomes are probed and found to be aligned with the liposome in a tangential manner. The dipole orientation of 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a, 4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY)-labeled lipids are expected to be aligned perpendicularly in the liposome membrane. Spectral separation of fluorescent lipid analogs into separate images provide an internal control and the ability to quantitatively correlate the membrane structure and fluctuations, within an optical section, in real-time. Application of this technique to the identification of characteristic features of cellular processes such as adhesion, endocytosis, and apoptosis are being investigated. C1 [Lee, Ji Youn; Krogmeier, Jeffrey R.; Kang, Hyeonggon; Clarke, Matthew; Chang, Robert; Hwang, Jeeseong] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, JY (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeeseong.hwang@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-428-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7891 AR 78910Z DI 10.1117/12.875612 PG 6 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Biophysics; Engineering; Optics GA BVL26 UT WOS:000291793300020 ER PT S AU Godil, A Wagan, AI AF Godil, Afzal Wagan, Asim Imdad BE Beraldin, JA Cheok, GS McCarthy, MB NeuschaeferRube, U Baskurt, AM McDowall, IE Dolinsky, M TI Salient Local 3D Features for 3D Shape Retrieval SO THREE-DIMENSIONAL IMAGING, INTERACTION, AND MEASUREMENT SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Three-Dimensional Imaging, Interaction, and Measurement CY JAN 24-27, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol (IS&T), SPIE DE 3D model retrieval; voxel grid; non-rigid 3D Model retrieval; bag of words approach; Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) ID MODELS AB In this paper we describe a new formulation for the 3D salient local features based on the voxel grid inspired by the Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT). We use it to identify the salient keypoints (invariant points) on a 3D voxelized model and calculate invariant 3D local feature descriptors at these keypoints. We then use the bag of words approach on the 3D local features to represent the 3D models for shape retrieval. The advantages of the method are that it can be applied to rigid as well as to articulated and deformable 3D models. Finally, this approach is applied for 3D Shape Retrieval on the McGill articulated shape benchmark and then the retrieval results are presented and compared to other methods. C1 [Godil, Afzal] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Godil, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Wagan, Asim Imdad/A-8794-2014 OI Wagan, Asim Imdad/0000-0001-9765-5385 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-401-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7864 AR 78640S DI 10.1117/12.872984 PG 8 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BVK31 UT WOS:000291691300027 ER PT J AU Gorshkov, K Ostrovsky, LA Soustova, I AF Gorshkov, K. Ostrovsky, L. A. Soustova, I. TI Dynamics of Strongly Nonlinear Kinks and Solitons in a Two-Layer Fluid SO STUDIES IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL SOLITARY WAVES; OCEAN AB Perturbation theory is developed for interaction of strongly nonlinear solitary waves close to the limiting, tabletop solitons (Pi-solitons). The method is based on representing each soliton as a compound of two kinks so that the interaction of N solitons is treated as the interaction of 2N kinks. As an example the Miyata-Choi-Camassa equations for a two-layer fluid is considered. Equations for kink coordinates are obtained and analyzed. Some nontrivial features of two-soliton interaction characteristic of the strongly nonlinear case are established. C1 [Ostrovsky, L. A.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia. RP Ostrovsky, LA (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, R PSD99,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM lev.a.ostrovsky@noaa.gov OI Ostrovsky, Lev/0000-0003-2233-1305 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-2526 J9 STUD APPL MATH JI Stud. Appl. Math. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 126 IS 1 BP 49 EP 73 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9590.2010.00497.x PG 25 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 703IM UT WOS:000285971600003 ER PT J AU Davis, ME Burkholder, JB AF Davis, M. E. Burkholder, J. B. TI Rate coefficients for the gas-phase reaction of OH with (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, 1-penten-3-ol, (E)-2-penten-1-ol, and (E)-2-hexen-1-ol between 243 and 404 K SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; UNSATURATED ALCOHOLS; RATE CONSTANTS; RADICAL REACTION; LEAF-ALCOHOL; EMISSIONS; PRODUCTS; KINETICS; NO3; O-3 AB Rate coefficients, k, for the gas-phase reaction of the OH radical with (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol ((Z)-CH(3)CH(2)CH =CHCH(2)CH(2)OH) (k(1)), 1-penten-3-ol (CH(3)CH(2)CH(OH)CH = CH(2))) (k(2)), (E)-2-penten-1-ol ((E)-CH(3)CH(2)CH = CHCH(2)OH) (k(3)), and (E)-2-hexen-1-ol ((E)-CH(3)CH(2)CH(2)CH = CHCH(2)OH) (k4), unsaturated alcohols that are emitted into the atmosphere following vegetation wounding, are reported. Rate coefficients were measured under pseudo-first-order conditions in OH over the temperature range 243-404 K at pressures between 20 and 100 Torr (He) using pulsed laser photolysis (PLP) to produce OH radicals and laser induced fluorescence (LIF) to monitor the OH temporal profile. The obtained rate coefficients were independent of pressure with negative temperature dependences that are well described by the Arrhenius expressions k(1) (T) = (1.3+/-0.1) x 10(-11) exp[(580+/-10)/T]; k(1)(297K) = (1.06+/-0.12) x 10(-10) k(2)(T) = (6.8+/-0.7) x 10(-1)2exp[(690+/-20)/T]; k(2)(297K) = (7.12+/-0.73) x 10(-11) k(3)(T) = (6.8+/-0.8) x 10(-12)exp[(680+/-20)/T]; k(3)(297 K) = (6.76+/-0.70) x 10(-11) k(4)(T) = (5.4+/-0.6) x 10(-12)exp[(690+/-20)/T]; k(4)(297 K) = (6.15+/-0.75) x 10(-11) (in units of cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1)). The quoted uncertainties are at the 2 sigma (95% confidence) level and include estimated systematic errors. The rate coefficients obtained in this study are compared with literature values where possible. C1 [Davis, M. E.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Davis, M. E.; Burkholder, J. B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Davis, ME (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48825 USA. EM james.b.burkholder@noaa.gov RI Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU NOAA FX This work was supported in part by NOAA's Air Quality and Health of the Atmosphere Programs. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 7 BP 3347 EP 3358 DI 10.5194/acp-11-3347-2011 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 750LN UT WOS:000289548200021 ER PT S AU Crout, RL AF Crout, Richard L. BE Hou, WW Arnone, R TI Measurements in Support of the Deepwater Horizon (MC-252) Oil Spill Response SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Ocean Sensing and Monitoring III CY APR 26-27, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Deepwater Horizon; Subsurface Monitoring Unit; response; oil spill; deep water oil; oil plume; satellites; in-situ data AB The explosion of the Deepwater Horizon (MC-252) drilling platform on 20 April 2010 began a long response by the United Area Command. Previous responses to oil spills were limited in time due to the amount of oil spilled and were generally confined to the surface. Some of the oil from the Deepwater Horizon wellhead in 1500 meters of water broke into smaller droplets, whose density caused much of the oil to stay within a zone from 1000 to 1300 meters depth. The remainder of the oil rose to the surface. The two primary locations of oil required a broad collection of remote sensing techniques to locate and monitor the oil spill. Surface oil was monitored primarily from the air using aircraft and satellite assets. Satellite visible, infra-red, and radar satellite imagery helped to locate oil in the northern Gulf of Mexico and help predict its movement away from the spill site. Daily over-flights by aircraft provided higher spatial and temporal resolution data that were assimilated into daily products. These remote sensing assets were able to track the surface oil, but the subsurface oil required different techniques. In addition to salinity and temperature profiles to determine the subsurface structure, fluorometry and dissolved oxygen measurements provided information related to oil and its consumption by microorganisms. Water samples collected from CTD casts were analyzed on-board and returned to on-shore laboratories. C1 NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Crout, RL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, 1007 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM Richard.crout@noaa.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-604-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8030 AR 80300J DI 10.1117/12.888006 PG 12 WC Engineering, Ocean; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BVG11 UT WOS:000291442200018 ER PT S AU Podobedov, VB Nadal, ME Miller, CC AF Podobedov, V. B. Nadal, M. E. Miller, C. C. BE Ambs, P Curticapean, C Emmelmann, C Knapp, W Kuznicki, ZT Meyrueis, PP TI Improving the performance of the NIST five axis goniospectrometer for measurements of bidirectional reflectance distribution function SO SPIE ECO-PHOTONICS 2011: SUSTAINABLE DESIGN, MANUFACTURING, AND ENGINEERING WORKFORCE EDUCATION FOR A GREEN FUTURE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Sustainable Design, Manufacturing, and Engineering Workforce Education for a Green Future CY MAR 28-30, 2011 CL Strasbourg, FRANCE SP SPIE, Horiba Sci, Strasbourg eu, Region Alsace DE BRDF; gonioapparent materials; goniometer; multichannel spectrometer; white source AB The five axis goniospectrometer at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) measures the spectral reflectance of colored samples over a wide range of illumination and viewing angles. This capability is important for the colorimetric characterization of complex materials, such as gonioapparent coatings or retroreflective surfaces. To improve the efficiency of the goniometer, a broad-band source with a matrix-based stray-light corrected CCD based spectrometer was implemented. This new configuration offers a significant reduction in the measurement time allowing for the complete characterization of the goniodistribution of complex materials. Shorter measurement time reduces the load on the precise mechanical assembly, to ensure high angular accuracy over time. Special care was taken to extend the effective dynamic range of measured intensities in the multichannel detection mode to the values of 10(6) - 10(7) needed for the characterization of colored samples. The expanded uncertainty of the measured Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) for this new setup is about 0.5 % (k = 2) which is comparable to the uncertainty levels of the instrument operating with monochromatic illumination and a silicon photodiode. To validate the new system configuration, the measured BRDF or spectral reflectance factors (R) of test samples were compared with different instruments and we found an agreement of about 0.5 %. C1 [Podobedov, V. B.; Nadal, M. E.; Miller, C. C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Podobedov, VB (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-651-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8065 AR 80651I DI 10.1117/12.882865 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BVE54 UT WOS:000291306700045 ER PT S AU Whitenton, EP AF Whitenton, Eric P. BE Safai, M Brown, JR TI Preliminary Investigation of Polarization Effects During Metal Cutting SO THERMOSENSE: THERMAL INFRARED APPLICATIONS XXXIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Thermosense - Thermal Infrared Applications XXXIII CY APR 26-28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE metal cutting; polarization; strain; high-speed imaging; infrared thermography ID LIGHT; EMISSION AB Under certain conditions, the polarization state of infrared light emitted by metal changes when the metal is strained. During cutting, metal is severely strained. Assessing both strain and strain rate is of interest to the metal cutting research community. Over large areas, Digital Image Correlation (DIC) performed on high-speed video can provide approximate values for the average strain and strain rate. However, small areas such as the shear zone are difficult to image with enough resolution to perform DIC. If the thermal radiation emitted by these small areas is polarized, there is the potential to provide valuable information to the metal cutting community. This paper is an initial investigation into that possibility, as well as the use of the polarization information for uncertainty analysis, reflection detection, and region of interest classification. A rotating polarizer is used that triggers a thermal spectrum camera to acquire images at specific polarization angles. When cutting, the metal is constantly moving and the material imaged is different from one moment to the next. At each angle of the polarizer, a sufficiently long integration time is used so the material is severely motion blurred, resulting in an image which estimates the typical intensity for that angle. By comparing the typical intensities, and assuming the light is linearly polarized, the polarization state may be estimated. C1 [Whitenton, Eric P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Whitenton, EP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-587-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8013 AR UNSP 801316 DI 10.1117/12.883453 PG 13 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BVH40 UT WOS:000291560900031 ER PT J AU Zhang, S Xue, H Feingold, G AF Zhang, S. Xue, H. Feingold, G. TI Vertical profiles of droplet effective radius in shallow convective clouds SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITATION FORMATION PROCESSES; SATELLITE-BASED INSIGHTS; BOUNDARY-LAYER CLOUDS; CUMULUS CLOUDS; NUMBER CONCENTRATION; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; PART I; AEROSOL; EVOLUTION; ALBEDO AB Conventional satellite retrievals can only provide information on cloud-top droplet effective radius (r(e)). Given the fact that cloud ensembles in a satellite snapshot have different cloud-top heights, Rosenfeld and Lensky (1998) used the cloud-top height and the corresponding cloud-top r(e) from the cloud ensembles in the snapshot to construct a profile of r(e) representative of that in the individual clouds. This study investigates the robustness of this approach in shallow convective clouds based on results from large-eddy simulations (LES) for clean (aerosol mixing ratio N-a = 25 mg(-1)), intermediate (N-a = 100 mg(-1)), and polluted (N-a = 2000 mg(-1)) conditions. The cloud-top height and the cloud-top r(e) from the modeled cloud ensembles are used to form a constructed r(e) profile, which is then compared to the in-cloud r(e) profiles. For the polluted and intermediate cases where precipitation is negligible, the constructed r(e) profiles represent the in-cloud r(e) profiles fairly well with a low bias (about 10 %). The method used in Rosenfeld and Lensky (1998) is therefore validated for nonprecipitating shallow cumulus clouds. For the clean, drizzling case, the in-cloud r(e) can be very large and highly variable, and quantitative profiling based on cloudtop r(e) is less useful. The differences in r(e) profiles between clean and polluted conditions derived in this manner are however, distinct. This study also investigates the subadiabatic characteristics of the simulated cumulus clouds to reveal the effect of mixing on r(e) and its evolution. Results indicate that as polluted and moderately polluted clouds develop into their decaying stage, the subadiabatic fraction fad becomes smaller, representing a higher degree of mixing, and r(e) becomes smaller (similar to 10 %) and more variable. However, for the clean case, smaller fad corresponds to larger r(e) (and larger r(e) variability), reflecting the additional influence of droplet collision-coalescence and sedimentation on r(e). Finally, profiles of the vertically inhomogeneous clouds as simulated by the LES and those of the vertically homogeneous clouds are used as input to a radiative transfer model to study the effect of cloud vertical inhomogeneity on shortwave radiative forcing. For clouds that have the same liquid water path, r(e) of a vertically homogeneous cloud must be about 76-90% of the cloud-top r(e) of the vertically inhomogeneous cloud in order for the two clouds to have the same shortwave radiative forcing. C1 [Zhang, S.; Xue, H.] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Feingold, G.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Xue, H (reprint author), Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM hxue@pku.edu.cn RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU Chinese NSF [40675004]; NOAA FX This study was supported by Chinese NSF grant 40675004. GF acknowledges support from NOAA's Climate Goal Program. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 10 BP 4633 EP 4644 DI 10.5194/acp-11-4633-2011 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 770NU UT WOS:000291094500002 ER PT J AU Hooghiemstra, PB Krol, MC Meirink, JF Bergamaschi, P van der Werf, GR Novelli, PC Aben, I Rockmann, T AF Hooghiemstra, P. B. Krol, M. C. Meirink, J. F. Bergamaschi, P. van der Werf, G. R. Novelli, P. C. Aben, I. Rockmann, T. TI Optimizing global CO emission estimates using a four-dimensional variational data assimilation system and surface network observations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CARBON-MONOXIDE; TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; FIRE EMISSIONS; MODEL TM5; INVERSION; MOPITT; ADJOINT; FOREST; ASIA; ALGORITHM AB We apply a four-dimensional variational (4D-VAR) data assimilation system to optimize carbon monoxide (CO) emissions for 2003 and 2004 and to reduce the uncertainty of emission estimates from individual sources using the chemistry transport model TM5. The system is designed to assimilate large (satellite) datasets, but in the current study only a limited amount of surface network observations from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Earth System Research Laboratory (NOAA/ESRL) Global Monitoring Division (GMD) is used to test the 4D-VAR system. By design, the system is capable to adjust the emissions in such a way that the posterior simulation reproduces background CO mixing ratios and large-scale pollution events at background stations. Uncertainty reduction up to 60% in yearly emissions is observed over well-constrained regions and the inferred emissions compare well with recent studies for 2004. However, with the limited amount of data from the surface network, the system becomes data sparse resulting in a large solution space. Sensitivity studies have shown that model uncertainties (e. g., vertical distribution of biomass burning emissions and the OH field) and the prior inventories used, influence the inferred emission estimates. Also, since the observations only constrain total CO emissions, the 4D-VAR system has difficulties in separating anthropogenic and biogenic sources in particular. The inferred emissions are validated with NOAA aircraft data over North America and the agreement is significantly improved from the prior to posterior simulation. Validation with the Measurements Of Pollution In The Troposphere (MOPITT) instrument version 4 (V4) shows a slight improved agreement over the well-constrained Northern Hemisphere and in the tropics (except for the African continent). However, the model simulation with posterior emissions underestimates MOPITT CO total columns on the remote Southern Hemisphere (SH) by about 10 %. This is caused by a reduction in SH CO sources mainly due to surface stations on the high southern latitudes. C1 [Hooghiemstra, P. B.; Krol, M. C.; Rockmann, T.] Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Hooghiemstra, P. B.; Krol, M. C.; Aben, I.] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Krol, M. C.] Wageningen Univ, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Meirink, J. F.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. [Bergamaschi, P.] Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Ispra, Italy. [van der Werf, G. R.; Aben, I.] Free Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Novelli, P. C.] NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Hooghiemstra, PB (reprint author), Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. EM p.b.hooghiemstra@uu.nl RI Krol, Maarten/E-3414-2013; Rockmann, Thomas/F-4479-2015; van der Werf, Guido/M-8260-2016 OI Rockmann, Thomas/0000-0002-6688-8968; van der Werf, Guido/0000-0001-9042-8630 FU Dutch User Support Programme [GO-AO/05] FX This research was supported by the Dutch User Support Programme 2006-2010 under project GO-AO/05. We also thank the MOPITT team for the MOPITT data. The Dutch National Computer Facility (NCF) is acknowledged for computer resources. NR 59 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 15 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 10 BP 4705 EP 4723 DI 10.5194/acp-11-4705-2011 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 770NU UT WOS:000291094500009 ER PT J AU Brown, DP AF Brown, David P. TI Winter Circulation Anomalies in the Western United States Associated with Antecedent and Decadal ENSO Variability SO EARTH INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE ENSO; PDO; Western United States ID COLORADO RIVER-BASIN; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; EL-NINO; PRECIPITATION; OSCILLATION; INDEXES; USA; TELECONNECTIONS; MODULATION; FORESTS AB Previous research has shown that the impacts of ENSO variability on the winter climate of the western United States vary on decadal time scales. In this study, the relationship between fall season ENSO conditions and winter circulation anomalies over the western United States is shown to vary with phasing of the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO). During the PDO cold phase of 1948-76, the majority of fall season El Nino events did not precede winter troughing anomalies over the southwestern states that are typically associated with above-normal winter precipitation in this region. In contrast, during the PDO warm phase of 1977-98, fall season El Nino conditions did precede southwestern winter troughing anomalies in all but one instance. Fall season La Nina conditions during both the cold and warm phases of the PDO reliably preceded winter season high pressure ridging centered off the Pacific coast. These results highlight uncertainty on decadal time scales surrounding the use of fall ENSO conditions, particularly El Nino events, as a seasonal climate forecast tool. C1 NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Ft Worth, TX 76102 USA. RP Brown, DP (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 819 Taylor St,Room 10A05C, Ft Worth, TX 76102 USA. EM david.p.brown@noaa.gov NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1087-3562 J9 EARTH INTERACT JI Earth Interact. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 15 AR 3 DI 10.1175/2010EI334.1 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 771GP UT WOS:000291145500001 ER PT J AU Milly, PCD Dunne, KA AF Milly, P. C. D. Dunne, Krista A. TI On the Hydrologic Adjustment of Climate-Model Projections: The Potential Pitfall of Potential Evapotranspiration SO EARTH INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Hydrologic model; Climate change; Potential evapotranspiration ID DATASET AB Hydrologic models often are applied to adjust projections of hydroclimatic change that come from climate models. Such adjustment includes climate-bias correction, spatial refinement ("downscaling"), and consideration of the roles of hydrologic processes that were neglected in the climate model. Described herein is a quantitative analysis of the effects of hydrologic adjustment on the projections of runoff change associated with projected twenty-first-century climate change. In a case study including three climate models and 10 river basins in the contiguous United States, the authors find that relative (i.e., fractional or percentage) runoff change computed with hydrologic adjustment more often than not was less positive (or, equivalently, more negative) than what was projected by the climate models. The dominant contributor to this decrease in runoff was a ubiquitous change in runoff (median - 11%) caused by the hydrologic model's apparent amplification of the climate-model-implied growth in potential evapotranspiration. Analysis suggests that the hydrologic model, on the basis of the empirical, temperature-based modified Jensen-Haise formula, calculates a change in potential evapotranspiration that is typically 3 times the change implied by the climate models, which explicitly track surface energy budgets. In comparison with the amplification of potential evapotranspiration, central tendencies of other contributions from hydrologic adjustment (spatial refinement, climate-bias adjustment, and process refinement) were relatively small. The authors' findings highlight the need for caution when projecting changes in potential evapotranspiration for use in hydrologic models or drought indices to evaluate climate-change impacts on water. C1 [Milly, P. C. D.; Dunne, Krista A.] US Geol Survey, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Milly, PCD (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM cmilly@usgs.gov NR 10 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 4 U2 27 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1087-3562 J9 EARTH INTERACT JI Earth Interact. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 15 AR 1 DI 10.1175/2010EI363.1 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 771GM UT WOS:000291145200001 ER PT J AU Zabel, RW Levin, PS Tolimieri, N Mantua, NJ AF Zabel, Richard W. Levin, Phillip S. Tolimieri, Nick Mantua, Nathan J. TI Interactions between climate and population density in the episodic recruitment of bocaccio, Sebastes paucispinis, a Pacific rockfish SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE climate; density-dependence; juvenile recruitment; Northern Oscillation Index; rockfish; time scale ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; LARGE-SCALE CLIMATE; DEPENDENT MORTALITY; MARINE FISH; EL-NINO; REEF FISH; ECOLOGY; PREDATION; DYNAMICS; QUALITY AB Climate strongly influences the population dynamics of many species, but intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as density-dependence and anthropogenic impacts can confound the effects of climate. Further, the temporal scale of climate response is determined by the unique characteristics of a species' life history, and determining the most appropriate climate indicator at the proper scale is a challenge faced by population ecologists. We focused on how climate influences juvenile survival of bocaccio (Sebastes paucispinis), a threatened Pacific rockfish, because its abundance has declined > 90% in the last 25 years, ostensibly as the result of overfishing. Bocaccio recruitment is episodic, with strong recruitment events apparently related to climate conditions. We developed a sequence of models that related log of juvenile survival to the predictor variables population density and climate, as measured by the Northern Oscillation Index. A model that contained only population density as a predictor variable explained only 1.4% of the variance, while a model that included only climate indices explained 52%. Including density additively with climate did not improve model fit. However, a model that included an interaction between density and climate explained more than 68% of the variance. In addition, models that represented climate as monthly indices fit the juvenile survival data much better than those that averaged climate over 2- or 3-month periods. Our results suggest that climate affects bocaccio recruitment as a series of pulses corresponding to particular life-history events, with population density mediating the magnitude of the climate effect during the settlement stage. C1 [Zabel, Richard W.; Levin, Phillip S.; Tolimieri, Nick] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Mantua, Nathan J.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Zabel, RW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM rich.zabel@noaa.gov NR 54 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2011 VL 20 IS 4 BP 294 EP 304 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2011.00584.x PG 11 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 773NO UT WOS:000291314200003 ER PT J AU Gold, JR Saillant, E Cummings, NJ Renshaw, MA AF Gold, John R. Saillant, Eric Cummings, Nancie J. Renshaw, Mark A. TI Genetic Divergence and Effective Size among Lane Snapper in US Waters of the Western Atlantic Ocean SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION ANALYSIS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; LUTJANUS-SYNAGRIS; STATISTICAL TESTS; N-E; DNA; GROWTH; COALESCENT AB Population structure of lane snapper Lutjanus synagris in U.S. waters in the northern Caribbean Sea was assessed using nuclear-encoded microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from samples from four localities in the U.S. Caribbean and one locality in the Florida Keys. Significant heterogeneity was detected for both allele and genotype distributions (microsatellites) and for haplotype distribution (mtDNA). Pairwise comparisons revealed that fish in the Florida Keys differed significantly from fish in the U.S. Caribbean with respect to both microsatellites and mtDNA. A parsimony network of mtDNA haplotypes was consistent with division of the five sample localities into two distinct populations. Genetic diversity at both microsatellites and mtDNA was greater among fish from the Florida Keys. The average, long-term migration rate from the U.S. Caribbean westward to the Florida Keys was approximately 1.75-fold greater than the reverse, suggesting that the elevated genetic variability among fish from the Florida Keys reflects the westward movement of alleles as a function of westward-flowing surface currents in the region. Bayesian coalescent analysis (microsatellites) indicated that each of the two populations has experienced a 10-fold decline in effective population size (N(e)). Estimates of long-term effective size, generated using a coalescent, maximum-likelihood method, were 1,671.9 (Florida Keys) and 2,923.2 (U.S. Caribbean). Estimates of contemporaneous effective size, generated using a linkage-disequilibrium approach with minor alleles (those with frequencies of 0.02 or less) being excluded, were 275.6 (Florida Keys) and 668.9 (U.S. Caribbean) and differed significantly from one another. Because the samples contained mixed cohorts, the short-term estimates reflect the effective number of breeders (N(b)) that produced the cohort(s) from which the samples were taken. The difference between the long-term and short-term estimates of N(e) (or N(b)) suggests that the declines in the effective size of both populations are relatively recent and that management concern over lane snapper in the Florida Keys is justified. C1 [Gold, John R.; Renshaw, Mark A.] Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Biosystemat & Biodivers, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Saillant, Eric] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Coastal Sci, Gulf Coast Res Lab, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. [Cummings, Nancie J.] SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Gold, JR (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Biosystemat & Biodivers, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM goldfish@tamu.edu FU U.S. Department of Commerce [NA06NMF4540061]; Texas AgriLife Research Project [H-6703] FX We thank the following people for their invaluable assistance in obtaining samples for this study: L. Anibal, J. Leon, H. Lopez, D. Matos-Caraballo, and A. Rosario of the Department of Natural and Environmental Resources Fisheries Research Laboratory in Mayaguez, Puerto Rico; W. Ledee and D. Olsen of the St. Thomas Fisherman's Association; H. Rivera and W. Tobias of the U.S. Virgin Islands Division of Fish and Wildlife; and R. Beaver of the Florida Fish and Wildlife Commission. We also thank E. Carson for generating Figure 1 and for constructive comments on a draft of the manuscript. This work was supported by the Cooperative Research Program of the U.S. Department of Commerce (Grant NA06NMF4540061) and Texas AgriLife Research Project H-6703. This article is number 75 in the series Genetic Studies in Marine Fishes and contribution 193 of the Center for Biosystematics and Biodiversity at Texas A&M University. NR 65 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2011 VL 31 IS 2 BP 209 EP 223 DI 10.1080/02755947.2011.568864 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 761VJ UT WOS:000290428800004 ER PT J AU Tatara, CP Riley, SC Berejikian, BA AF Tatara, Christopher P. Riley, Stephen C. Berejikian, Barry A. TI Effects of Hatchery Fish Density on Emigration, Growth, Survival, and Predation Risk of Natural Steelhead Parr in an Experimental Stream Channel SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE ATLANTIC SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; COHO SALMON; REARING ENVIRONMENT; WASHINGTON STREAMS; PRIOR RESIDENCE; HABITAT USE; TERRITORIAL CONTESTS; NORTHERN PIKEMINNOW; CHINOOK SALMON AB Hatchery supplementation of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss raises concerns about the impacts on natural populations, including reduced growth and survival, displacement, and increased predation. The potential risks may be density dependent. We examined how hatchery stocking density and the opportunity to emigrate affect the responses of natural steelhead parr in an experimental stream channel and after 15 d found no density-dependent effects on growth, emigration, or survival at densities ranging from 1-6 hatchery parr/m(2). The opportunity for steelhead parr to emigrate reduced predation by coastal cutthroat trout O. clarkii clarkii on both hatchery and natural steelhead parr. The cutthroat trout exhibited a type-I functional response (constant predation rate with increased prey density) for the hatchery and composite populations. In contrast, the predation rate on natural parr decreased as hatchery stocking density increased. Supplementation with hatchery parr at any experimental stocking density reduced the final natural parr density. This decline was explained by increased emigration from the supplemented groups. Natural parr had higher mean instantaneous growth rates than hatchery parr. The proportion of parr emigrating decreased as parr size increased over successive experimental trials. Smaller parr had lower survival and suffered higher predation. The final density of the composite population, a measure of supplementation effectiveness, increased with the hatchery steelhead stocking rate. Our results indicate that stocking larger hatchery parr (over 50 d postemergence) at densities within the carrying capacity would have low short-term impact on the growth, survival, and emigration of natural parr while increasing the density of the composite population; in addition, a stocking density greater than 3 fish/m(2) might be a good starting point for the evaluation of parr stocking in natural streams. C1 [Tatara, Christopher P.; Riley, Stephen C.; Berejikian, Barry A.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Manchester Res Stn, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. RP Tatara, CP (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Manchester Res Stn, POB 130, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. EM chris.p.tatara@noaa.gov NR 52 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 25 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2011 VL 31 IS 2 BP 224 EP 235 DI 10.1080/02755947.2011.571503 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 761VJ UT WOS:000290428800005 ER PT J AU Jones, CE Andrews, SJ Carpenter, LJ Hogan, C Hopkins, FE Laube, JC Robinson, AD Spain, TG Archer, SD Harris, NRP Nightingale, PD O'Doherty, SJ Oram, DE Pyle, JA Butler, JH Hall, BD AF Jones, C. E. Andrews, S. J. Carpenter, L. J. Hogan, C. Hopkins, F. E. Laube, J. C. Robinson, A. D. Spain, T. G. Archer, S. D. Harris, N. R. P. Nightingale, P. D. O'Doherty, S. J. Oram, D. E. Pyle, J. A. Butler, J. H. Hall, B. D. TI Results from the first national UK inter-laboratory calibration for very short-lived halocarbons SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL ATLANTIC-OCEAN; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; METHYL-IODIDE; ATMOSPHERE; CHEMISTRY; BROMINE; OZONE; TROPOSPHERE; BROMOFORM; IMPACT AB Very short-lived halocarbons (VSLH) such as CH3I, CH2Br2 and CHBr3 provide an important source of reactive halogens to the atmosphere, however high spatial and seasonal variability in their ambient mixing ratios and sea-air fluxes gives rise to considerable uncertainty in global scale emission estimates. One solution to improve global flux estimates is to combine the multitude of individually published datasets to produce a database of collated global halocarbon observations. Some progress towards this has already been achieved through the HalOcAt (Halocarbons in the Ocean and Atmosphere) database initiative, but the absence of a common calibration scale for very short-lived halocarbons makes it difficult to distinguish true environmental variations from artefacts arising from differences between calibration methodologies. As such, the lack of inter-calibrations for both air and seawater measurements of very short-lived halocarbons has been identified as a major limitation to current estimations of the global scale impact of these reactive trace gases. Here we present the key findings from the first national UK inter-laboratory comparison for calibrations of the halocarbons CH3I, CH2Br2 and CHBr3. The aim of this inter-calibration was to provide transparency between halocarbon calibrations from major UK research institutions, an important step towards enabling all measurements from these institutions to be treated as one coherent integrated dataset for global source term parameterisations. C1 [Jones, C. E.; Andrews, S. J.; Carpenter, L. J.] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Hogan, C.; Laube, J. C.; Oram, D. E.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Hopkins, F. E.; Archer, S. D.; Nightingale, P. D.] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. [Robinson, A. D.; Harris, N. R. P.; Pyle, J. A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. [Spain, T. G.] Natl Univ Ireland, Sch Phys, Galway, Ireland. [O'Doherty, S. J.] Univ Bristol, Atmospher Chem Res Grp, Bristol BS8 1TS, Avon, England. [Butler, J. H.; Hall, B. D.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Carpenter, LJ (reprint author), Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. EM lucy.carpenter@york.ac.uk RI Archer, Stephen/H-5490-2012; Carpenter, Lucy/E-6742-2013; Nightingale, Philip/I-4324-2012; OI Nightingale, Philip/0000-0001-7177-5469; Spain, Gerard/0000-0002-4548-2483; Carpenter, Lucy/0000-0002-6257-3950; Harris, Neil/0000-0003-1256-3006 FU International Project Office (IPO); Natural Environment Research Council (NERC); European Science Foundation (ESF); NERC [NE/C001672/1, RG41718, NE/F015585/1, NE/F020341/1, NE/GO/4655/1]; Department of the Energy and Climate Change (DECC, UK) [GA01103] FX For funding the VSLH workshop, we are grateful to the SOLAS International Project Office (IPO); the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) through UK-SOLAS Knowledge Transfer funds; and the European Science Foundation (ESF) through COST (Cooperation in the field of Scientific and Technical Research) Action 735 funds. The UK inter-calibrations were supported by the NERC QUEST programme (NE/C001672/1, subcontract no. RG41718). UEA acknowledge NERC for the Research Fellowship NE/F015585/1. UoB thank the School of Physics, National University of Ireland, Galway, for making the research facilities at Mace Head available. The operation of the halocarbon measurements at Mace Head was funded by the Department of the Energy and Climate Change (DECC, UK) contract GA01103 to the University of Bristol. The University of Cambridge work is supported by NERC on project NE/F020341/1 and a Research Fellowship (NE/GO/4655/1). The authors acknowledge Steve Montzka and Carolina Siso (NOAA-ESRL) for their involvement in the analysis of SX-3570 and the development of the NOAA scales. NR 41 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 21 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 5 BP 865 EP 874 DI 10.5194/amt-4-865-2011 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 770MM UT WOS:000291090800009 ER PT J AU Roesch, A Wild, M Ohmura, A Dutton, EG Long, CN Zhang, T AF Roesch, A. Wild, M. Ohmura, A. Dutton, E. G. Long, C. N. Zhang, T. TI Assessment of BSRN radiation records for the computation of monthly means (vol 4, pg 339, 2011) SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Correction C1 [Roesch, A.; Wild, M.; Ohmura, A.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Dutton, E. G.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab GMD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Long, C. N.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Zhang, T.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Roesch, A (reprint author), ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Univ Str 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM andreas.roesch@env.ethz.ch RI Wild, Martin/J-8977-2012 NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 5 BP 973 EP 973 DI 10.5194/amt-4-973-2011 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 770MM UT WOS:000291090800017 ER PT J AU Bruhwiler, LMP Michalak, AM Tans, PP AF Bruhwiler, L. M. P. Michalak, A. M. Tans, P. P. TI Spatial and temporal resolution of carbon flux estimates for 1983-2002 SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2 INVERSIONS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; TRACER TRANSPORT; SURFACE FLUXES; DIOXIDE DATA; SINKS; CYCLE; MODEL; LAND AB We discuss the spatial and temporal resolution of monthly carbon flux estimates for the period 19832002 using a fixed-lag Kalman Smoother technique with a global chemical transport model, and the GLOBALVIEW data product. The observational network has expanded substantially over this period, and the flux estimates are better constrained provided by observations for the 1990's in comparison to the 1980's. The estimated uncertainties also decrease as observational coverage expands. In this study, we use the Globalview data product for a network that changes every 5 yr, rather than using a small number of continually-operating sites (fewer observational constraints) or a large number of sites, some of which may consist almost entirely of extrapolated data. We show that the discontinuities resulting from network changes reflect uncertainty due to a sparse and variable network. This uncertainty effectively limits the resolution of trends in carbon fluxes, and is a potentially significant source of noise in assimilation systems that allow changes in observation distribution between assimilation time steps. The ability of the inversion to distinguish, or resolve, carbon fluxes at various spatial scales is examined using a diagnostic known as the resolution kernel. We find that the global partition between land and ocean fluxes is well-resolved even for the very sparse network of the 1980's, although prior information makes a significant contribution to the resolution. The ability to distinguish zonal average fluxes has improved significantly since the 1980's, especially for the tropics, where the zonal ocean and land biosphere fluxes can be distinguished. Care must be taken when interpreting zonal average fluxes, however, since the lack of air samples for some regions in a zone may result in a large influence from prior flux estimates for these regions. We show that many of the TransCom 3 source regions are distinguishable throughout the period over which estimates are produced. Examples are Boreal and Temperate North America. The resolution of fluxes from Europe and Australia has greatly improved since the 1990's. Other regions, notably Tropical South America and the Equatorial Atlantic remain practically unresolved. Comparisons of the average seasonal cycle of the estimated carbon fluxes with the seasonal cycle of the prior flux estimates reveals a large adjustment of the summertime uptake of carbon for Boreal Eurasia, and an earlier onset of springtime uptake for Temperate North America. In addition, significantly larger seasonal cycles are obtained for some ocean regions, such as the Northern Ocean, North Pacific, North Atlantic and Western Equatorial Pacific, regions that appear to be well-resolved by the inversion. C1 [Bruhwiler, L. M. P.; Tans, P. P.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Michalak, A. M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Bruhwiler, LMP (reprint author), NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. EM lori.bruhwiler@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Earth System Research Laboratory FX The authors wish to thank Gabrielle Petron, Andy Jacobson, Rachel Law and anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Earth System Research Laboratory. NR 67 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 17 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2011 VL 8 IS 5 BP 1309 EP 1331 DI 10.5194/bg-8-1309-2011 PG 23 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 769HK UT WOS:000291003200020 ER PT J AU Safford, TG Norman, KC AF Safford, Thomas G. Norman, Karma C. TI Planning Salmon Recovery: Applying Sociological Concepts to Spawn New Organizational Insights SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE collaborative planning; natural resource management; organizational behavior; salmon recovery; Washington State ID INSTITUTIONS AB Restoring salmon is a complex organizational as well as technical endeavor. The Washington Salmon Recovery Planning Act has played a key role in these efforts by stimulating the creation of local planning organizations known as lead entities. This study utilizes conceptual and theoretical tools from organizational sociology to analyze regulative, normative, and cultural-cognitive institutional forces shaping the structure and behavior of lead entity organizations in the Puget Sound region. Findings demonstrate that the regulative influence of the act only partly explains the distinct structure and behavior of lead entities. Other institutional influences such as the normative importance of technically driven salmon recovery approaches and the culture of localism embedded in these multiparty groups are equally important in explaining the organization of lead entity planning. Results from this study illustrate how research built upon theoretical insights from organizational sociology may provide planners with novel insights into the organization of natural resource management. C1 [Safford, Thomas G.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Sociol, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Safford, Thomas G.] Univ New Hampshire, UNH Marine Program, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Norman, Karma C.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Socioecon Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Safford, TG (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Sociol, 417 Horton Social Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM Tom.Safford@unh.edu NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PY 2011 VL 24 IS 7 BP 751 EP 766 AR PII 936859019 DI 10.1080/08941920.2011.555445 PG 16 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA 768WF UT WOS:000290968700008 ER PT J AU Duong, HT Sorooshian, A Feingold, G AF Duong, H. T. Sorooshian, A. Feingold, G. TI Investigating potential biases in observed and modeled metrics of aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL RAINFALL; STRATOCUMULUS; SATELLITE; DRIZZLE; ALGORITHM; PRODUCTS; SYSTEM; IMPACT AB This study utilizes large eddy simulation, aircraft measurements, and satellite observations to identify factors that bias the absolute magnitude of metrics of aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions for warm clouds. The metrics considered are precipitation susceptibility So, which examines rain rate sensitivity to changes in drop number, and a cloud-precipitation metric, chi, which relates changes in rain rate to those in drop size. While wide ranges in rain rate exist at fixed cloud drop concentration for different cloud liquid water amounts, chi and S-o are shown to be relatively insensitive to the growth phase of the cloud for large datasets that include data representing the full spectrum of cloud lifetime. Spatial resolution of measurements is shown to influence the liquid water path-dependent behavior of S-o and chi. Other factors of importance are the choice of the minimum rain rate threshold, and how to quantify rain rate, drop size, and the cloud condensation nucleus proxy. Finally, low biases in retrieved aerosol amounts owing to wet scavenging and high biases associated with above-cloud aerosol layers should be accounted for. The paper explores the impact of these effects for model, satellite, and aircraft data. C1 [Duong, H. T.; Sorooshian, A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Sorooshian, A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Feingold, G.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Sorooshian, A (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM armin@email.arizona.edu RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Sorooshian, Armin/0000-0002-2243-2264 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-10-1-0811, N00014-04-1-0018]; NOAA's Climate Goal FX This work was funded by an Office of Naval Research YIP Award (N00014-10-1-0811). The aircraft measurements were supported by the Office of Naval Research grant N00014-04-1-0018. G. F. acknowledges support from NOAA's Climate Goal. NR 43 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 9 BP 4027 EP 4037 DI 10.5194/acp-11-4027-2011 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 764GT UT WOS:000290618600002 ER PT J AU Roden, SE Dutton, PH AF Roden, Suzanne E. Dutton, Peter H. TI Isolation and characterization of 14 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) and cross-species amplification SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Leatherback turtle; Microsatellites; Dermochelys coriacea; Cross-species amplification ID POPULATION-GENETICS; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; SOFTWARE; MARKERS AB Fourteen microsatellites were isolated and characterized from a small-insert genomic DNA library from the leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea enriched for dinucleotide microsatellite motifs. We tested primers on 207 leatherbacks sampled from St. Croix, US Virgin Islands. Primer pairs yielded an average of 5.7 alleles per locus, an average observed heterozygosity of 0.47, and average polymorphic information content of 0.43. Cross species amplification of these markers was performed on the six other extant species of marine turtles: olive ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea), Kemp's ridley (Lepidochelys kempii), hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata), loggerhead (Caretta caretta), green (Chelonia mydas), and flatback (Natator depressus) turtles. Eleven of the markers worked in at least one of the species, and seven of these were polymorphic. These leatherback-specific microsatellite markers will facilitate population genetic and ecological studies to aid in the conservation of this divergent species of marine turtle, and provide additional markers for the other species of cheloniids. C1 [Roden, Suzanne E.; Dutton, Peter H.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Dutton, PH (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 3333 N Torrey Pines Court, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Peter.Dutton@noaa.gov FU NOAA-National Marine Fisheries Service-Southwest Fisheries Science Center FX This research was funded by NOAA-National Marine Fisheries Service-Southwest Fisheries Science Center. We would like to thank Lara Asato, Luana Galver, Lauren Hansen, Nicole Hedrick, Amy Jue, Carrie LeDuc, Janet Lowther and Mark Westerman for their technical assistance in the laboratory. We are grateful to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service at Sandy Point National Wildlife Refuge, the West Indies Marine Animal Research and Conservation Service (WIMARCS) and the USVI Department of Planning and Natural Resources for facilitating collection of samples. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 3 IS 1 BP 49 EP 52 DI 10.1007/s12686-010-9284-4 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 761YE UT WOS:000290438500013 ER PT J AU Shin, JW Bertocci, U Stafford, GR AF Shin, J. W. Bertocci, U. Stafford, G. R. TI In Situ Stress Measurement During Hydrogen Sorption on Ultrathin (111)-Textured Pd Films in Alkaline Electrolyte SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; PALLADIUM THIN-FILMS; NANOGRAVIMETRIC MEASUREMENTS; UNDERPOTENTIAL DEPOSITION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ACIDIC-SOLUTIONS; FOIL ELECTRODE; ABSORPTION; ADSORPTION; SURFACE AB The stress behavior of hydrogen adsorption/absorption into Pd layers electrodeposited on (111)-textured gold has been examined in alkaline solution. Although the kinetics are much slower than in acidic solution, the stress induced by H adsorption and absorption is very similar. Hydrogen adsorption causes a -0.46 N/m change in the surface stress. Compressive stress generation is consistent with first principle calculations as well as experimental data for hydrogen on Pt. Hydrogen absorption causes GPa-level compressive stress in the Pd due to the large volume expansion associated with the alpha-PdH to beta-PdH phase transition. Although some indication of plastic deformation during hydride formation was observed, the large tensile coherency stress due to the +4.9% lattice misfit between Pd and Au keeps the hydride cycle in the elastic regime. The stress measurement probes only those processes concerned with adsorption and absorption. Since the wafer curvature measurement responds directly to the volumetric strain induced by hydrogen incorporation and is insensitive to parasitic reactions, it serves as a nice complement to the more traditional electroanalytical techniques for studying hydrogen absorption kinetics. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3583609] All rights reserved. C1 [Shin, J. W.; Bertocci, U.; Stafford, G. R.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Shin, JW (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jwshin0725@gmail.com NR 55 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 7 BP F127 EP F134 DI 10.1149/1.3583609 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 767QI UT WOS:000290870700032 ER PT J AU Deakos, MH Baker, JD Bejder, L AF Deakos, Mark H. Baker, Jason D. Bejder, Lars TI Characteristics of a manta ray Manta alfredi population off Maui, Hawaii, and implications for management SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Population size; Movement; Site fidelity; Mark recapture; Anthropogenic threat ID SHARKS RHINCODON-TYPUS; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; MARKED ANIMALS; SITE FIDELITY; WHALES; PHOTOIDENTIFICATION; MOBULIDAE; BIROSTRIS; SURVIVAL; ECOLOGY AB Late maturity, few offspring and a residential nature are typical characteristics of Manta alfredi that make this species vulnerable to localized anthropogenic threats. Improving its life history information is crucial for successful management. A total of 229 surveys was conducted from 2005 to 2009 at a manta ray aggregation site off Maui, Hawaii, to qualitatively and quantitatively describe the abundance, movements and temporal habits of this population. Photo-identifications revealed 290 unique individuals, but a discovery curve showed no asymptotic trend, indicating that the number of individuals using the area was much larger. Resightings and manta ray follows revealed that this population and a population off the Big Island may be independent, island-associated stocks. High resighting rates within and across years provided strong evidence of site fidelity. Findings were consistent with a population of manta rays moving into and out of the Maui aggregation area, with a varying portion of the total population temporarily resident at any given time. Males, accounting for 53% of all individuals, resided for shorter periods than females around the study area. Manta rays were usually absent at first light with numbers increasing throughout the day. More frequent mating trains were observed during the winter months. Shark predation was evident in 33% of individuals, and 10% had an amputated or non-functional cephalic fin. This small, demographically independent population appears vulnerable to the impacts from non-target fisheries, primarily from entanglement in fishing line, and could suffer from exploitation by commercial, unregulated 'swim-with manta ray' programs. Management on an island-area basis is recommended. C1 [Deakos, Mark H.] Hawaii Assoc Marine Educ & Res Inc, Lahaina, HI 96761 USA. [Deakos, Mark H.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Baker, Jason D.] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Bejder, Lars] Murdoch Univ, Ctr Fish & Fisheries Res, Cetacean Res Unit, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. RP Deakos, MH (reprint author), Hawaii Assoc Marine Educ & Res Inc, PMB 175,5095 Napilihau St 109B, Lahaina, HI 96761 USA. EM deakos@hawaii.edu RI Bejder, Lars/D-1772-2017 OI Bejder, Lars/0000-0001-8138-8606 NR 72 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 40 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 429 BP 245 EP 260 DI 10.3354/meps09085 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 765CX UT WOS:000290682100021 ER PT J AU Cohl, HS AF Cohl, Howard S. TI On Parameter Differentiation for Integral Representations of Associated Legendre Functions SO SYMMETRY INTEGRABILITY AND GEOMETRY-METHODS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Legendre functions; modified Bessel functions; derivatives ID BESSEL-FUNCTIONS; RESPECT; DERIVATIVES; ORDER AB For integral representations of associated Legendre functions in terms of modified Bessel functions, we establish justification for differentiation under the integral sign with respect to parameters. With this justification, derivatives for associated Legendre functions of the first and second kind with respect to the degree are evaluated at odd-half-integer degrees, for general complex-orders, and derivatives with respect to the order are evaluated at integer-orders, for general complex-degrees. We also discuss the properties of the complex function f : C \ {-1, 1} --> C given by f(z) = z/(root z + 1 root z - 1). C1 [Cohl, Howard S.] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cohl, Howard S.] Univ Auckland, Dept Math, Auckland, New Zealand. RP Cohl, HS (reprint author), NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hcohl@nist.gov FU Faculty of Science at the University of Auckland FX I would like to thank Dr. A.F.M. ter Elst for extremely valuable discussions and acknowledge funding for time to write this paper from the Dean of the Faculty of Science at the University of Auckland in the form of a three month stipend to enhance University of Auckland 2012 PBRF Performance. I would like to express my gratitude to the anonymous referees whose helpful comments improved this paper. I would also like to thank F.W.J. Olver for helpful discussions. Part of this work was conducted while the author was a National Research Council Research Post doctoral Associate in the Information Technology Laboratory of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCI UKRAINE, INST MATH PI KYIV 4 PA 3 TERESCHCHENKIV SKA ST, KYIV 4, 01601, UKRAINE SN 1815-0659 J9 SYMMETRY INTEGR GEOM JI Symmetry Integr. Geom. PY 2011 VL 7 AR 050 DI 10.3842/SIGMA.2011.050 PG 16 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 767IY UT WOS:000290851000001 ER PT S AU Polyakov, SV Migdall, A Nam, SW AF Polyakov, Sergey V. Migdall, Alan Nam, Sae Woo BE Jaeger, G Khrennikov, A Schlosshauer, M Weihs, G TI Real-Time Data-Acquisition Platform for Pulsed Measurements SO ADVANCES IN QUANTUM THEORY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference Advances in Quantum Theory CY JUN 14-17, 2010 CL Vaxjo, SWEDEN DE Photon statistics; Multichannel statistical processing; Quantum optics; Superconducting detectors ID ELECTRONICS AB We present an inexpensive and simple data acquisition platform based on Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) designed to acquire and characterize fast digital or analog electrical signals in real time for processing on a generic personal computer. While the instrument was designed for electrical outputs of single-photon detectors and is suited for high photon-counting rates, it can also be used for characterization of similar digital electrical signals from other sources and for analog signals as well. The complete description of the platform is available for download at http://physics.nist.eov/fpga. C1 [Polyakov, Sergey V.; Migdall, Alan] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Polyakov, Sergey V.; Migdall, Alan; Nam, Sae Woo] NIST, Optoelect Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Polyakov, SV (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0882-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1327 BP 505 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3567482 PG 2 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BUU35 UT WOS:000290369900059 ER PT J AU Toole, CL Brodeur, RD Donohoe, CJ Markle, DF AF Toole, Christopher L. Brodeur, Richard D. Donohoe, Christopher J. Markle, Douglas F. TI Seasonal and interannual variability in the community structure of small demersal fishes off the central Oregon coast SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Fish communities; Demersal habitat; Size; Density; Diversity; Depth; Oregon Coast ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SPECIES COMPOSITION; UPPER SLOPE; ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES; GROUNDFISH ASSEMBLAGES; MICROSTOMUS-PACIFICUS; DOVER SOLE; WASHINGTON; ECOSYSTEM AB Small demersal fishes were collected along the central Oregon coast using a shrimp trawl with small-mesh liner. The trawl was deployed bimonthly in 1989 along 3 transects and along a single transect in March 1989 to 1994. Forty species, 19 of which are not commercially important and rarely reported in other studies, occurred in >5% of the samples. Species assemblages were structured primarily by depth, with mid-shelf stations dominated by flatfishes; on the outer shelf and slope, gadids, scorpaenids, osmerids, and zoarcids were also important. Additionally, 4 out of 5 identified station groups were more closely associated with a single season. Seasonal assemblage structure included a broad range of species whose distributions shifted inshore in summer. This phenomenon, previously described for only a few species off Oregon, further accentuated the correlation of assemblages with depth. Seasonal shifts in distributions appeared to be a function of juvenile settlement and ontogenetic changes in nursery habitat and of seasonal inshore-offshore movements of individuals of many sizes, which indicated that sediment type was not the only feature important in habitat selection. March assemblages were weakly structured by interannual differences, in spite of environmental conditions ranging from the cold La Nina of 1989 to the warm El Nino of 1992. The largest annual differences were among short-lived species and likely reflected differences in recruitment. This study targeted smaller fish than are collected in most bottom trawl surveys and illustrates the importance of seasonal changes in habitat for smaller fish and the value of understanding all life stages in a demersal fish community. C1 [Brodeur, Richard D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Toole, Christopher L.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [Donohoe, Christopher J.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Markle, Douglas F.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Brodeur, RD (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2030 S Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM rick.brodeur@noaa.gov FU Pacific Outer Continental Shelf Region of the Minerals Management Service, Department of the Interior [14-12-0001-30429]; Oregon Sea Grant Program [NA85AA-D-SG095]; National Marine Fisheries Service [NA-87-ABH-00014] FX We thank the many people who assisted in the field and laboratory, including P. Harris, D. Simon, P. Petry, S. Banks, E. Degener, L. Hohner, R. Melendez, D. Nelson, D. Platt, J. Platz, B. Ralston, T. Shibahara, C. Ridgely, B. Stradley, and B. Thom. We also thank W. Wakefield, N. Tolimieri, E. Casillas, and 3 anonymous reviewers for reviews of earlier versions of the manuscript; L. Ciannelli for encouragement and helpful discussions; and J. Clemons and A. Smith for assistance with figures. Captain T. N. Thompson of the FV 'Olympic' donated a portion of the ship time. This work was funded in part by the Pacific Outer Continental Shelf Region of the Minerals Management Service, Department of the Interior contract No. 14-12-0001-30429; by the Oregon Sea Grant Program, project No. NA85AA-D-SG095; and by National Marine Fisheries Service contract NA-87-ABH-00014. NR 68 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 428 BP 201 EP 217 DI 10.3354/meps09028 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 759ME UT WOS:000290248800015 ER PT J AU Hatzell, MC Turhan, A Kim, S Hussey, DS Jacobson, DL Mench, MM AF Hatzell, M. C. Turhan, A. Kim, S. Hussey, D. S. Jacobson, D. L. Mench, M. M. TI Quantification of Temperature Driven Flow in a Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Using High-Resolution Neutron Radiography SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID VALIDATED LEVERETT APPROACH; LIQUID WATER DISTRIBUTION; PEFC DIFFUSION MEDIA; MULTIPHASE FLOW; TRANSPORT; MEMBRANE; LAYER; PEMFC; STORAGE; MODEL AB In this study, the effect of a controlled temperature gradient on water transport across a single fuel cell was quantitatively investigated using high-resolution neutron imaging. The direction of liquid water transport under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions was observed in both hydrophilic and hydrophobic diffusion media (DM). The change in distribution of liquid saturation with time revealed two different mechanisms of water transport; capillary driven flow and phase-change induced (PCI) flow, in which a water vapor concentration gradient is created by condensation at a colder location. This concentration gradient drives diffusion flow toward the colder location. A maximum liquid saturation plateau of ca. 30% was shown for all conditions tested, indicating a critical transition between pendular and funicular modes of liquid water storage was captured. Based on this, it is suggested that PCI-flow may be the main mode of liquid transport below this critical transition threshold, above which, capillary flow dominates. As expected, both average cell temperature and the magnitude of temperature gradient were shown to significantly affect the rate of condensation within the DM. Experimental results were compared with water saturation distribution model predictions from literature and show reasonable qualitative agreement. Finally, it was concluded that current available models significantly over predict vapor phase diffusive transport in saturated fuel cell media using a Bruggeman type model. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3577597] All rights reserved. C1 [Hatzell, M. C.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hussey, D. S.; Jacobson, D. L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hatzell, MC (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mmench@utk.edu FU NSF [CBET- 0644811]; U.S. Department of Commerce; NIST Ionizing Radiation Division; Director's office of NIST; NIST Center for Neutron Research; Department of Energy inter-agency [DEAI01-01EE50660] FX The authors wish to thank Eli Baltic for technical assistance at the NIST imaging facility. A portion of this study was funded by NSF award # CBET- 0644811. The NIST neutron imaging facility was supported by the U.S. Department of Commerce, the NIST Ionizing Radiation Division, the Director's office of NIST, the NIST Center for Neutron Research, and the Department of Energy inter-agency agreement No. DEAI01-01EE50660. NR 53 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 6 BP B717 EP B726 DI 10.1149/1.3577597 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 754KY UT WOS:000289854700041 ER PT J AU Hwang, SM Bonevich, JE Kim, JJ Moffat, TP AF Hwang, Sun-Mi Bonevich, John E. Kim, Jae Jeong Moffat, Thomas P. TI Electrodeposition of Pt100-xPbx Metastable Alloys and Intermetallics SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PLATINIZED PLATINUM ELECTRODES; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; ORIENTED PYROLYTIC-GRAPHITE; COMPOSITIONAL CONTROL; FORMIC-ACID; ELECTROCATALYTIC ACTIVITY; UNDERPOTENTIAL DEPOSITION; SURFACE STRESS; THIN-FILMS; FEPT FILMS AB The electrodeposition of a series of metastable Pt-Pb alloys and intermetallic phases as well as elemental Pt is demonstrated using an acid electrolyte comprised of 0.05 mol/l Pb(ClO4)(2) and/or 0.001 mol/l K2PtCl4. Pt-Pb films were deposited at various potentials relative to the reversible potential for Pb/Pb2+ (EPb/Pb2+ = -0.80 V SSE). A metastable fcc Pt-Pb solid solution is formed at potentials between -0.2 and -0.78 V SSE. A monotonic increase in the fcc lattice parameter with decreasing potential corresponds to a rise in Pb content that spans the composition range from Pt to beyond Pt3Pb. The intermetallics, PtPb, PtPb4 and elemental Pb form at more negative potentials. The films are single or multiphase depending on the growth potential and substrate. Thermal annealing leads to phase separation of the deposits into the respective equilibrium intermetallic phases whose volume fractions enable the overall film composition to be determined. At more negative potentials, between -0.79 and -0.82 V SSE, the ordered hexagonal PtPb intermetallic phase is directly formed by electrodeposition. Co-deposition of Pt100-xPbx at potentials positive of -0.8 V SSE (EPb/Pb2+) occurs by a combination of Pb underpotential deposition with overpotential Pt deposition. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3572049] All rights reserved. C1 [Hwang, Sun-Mi; Bonevich, John E.; Moffat, Thomas P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hwang, Sun-Mi; Kim, Jae Jeong] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. RP Hwang, SM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM thomas.moffat@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 57 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 6 BP D307 EP D316 DI 10.1149/1.3572049 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 754KY UT WOS:000289854700054 ER PT J AU Lee, CH Bonevich, JE Bertocci, U Steffens, KL Moffat, TP AF Lee, Chang Hwa Bonevich, John E. Bertocci, Ugo Steffens, Kristen L. Moffat, Thomas P. TI Superconformal Ni Electrodeposition Using 2-Mercaptobenzimidazole SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SUBMICROMETER TRENCHES; CORROSION PROPERTIES; 2-MERCAPTO-5-BENZIMIDAZOLESULFONIC ACID; BLOCKING INHIBITORS; MAGNETIC-FILMS; GOLD SUPERFILL; THIN-FILMS; SURFACE PH; AU(111); COPPER AB Ni superconformal filling of sub-micrometer trenches is demonstrated using a Watts bath containing an inhibitor 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (MBI). Hysteretic voltammetry marks the breakdown of the MBI-induced passive-state coincident with the onset of Ni deposition. Chronoamperometry reveals that disruption of MBI inhibition is a strong function of the immersion conditions and potential conditioning. The passive to active transition involves a competition between potential-dependent MBI adsorption and its subsequent deactivation and/or consumption during Ni deposition. Breakdown of the MBI-passivating layer results in sulfide formation and its incorporation into the Ni film. The current efficiency of Ni deposition on the activated surface is close to that for the additive-free electrolyte. For recessed surface features, such as trenches, inhibition-breakdown initiates preferentially at the bottom corners. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM) studies show the growth front within the trenches initially develops as a v-notch shape while negligible deposition occurs on the free surface. This is followed by the onset of Ni deposition over the entire surface profile that results in trench filling by geometrical leveling. Depending on the specimen immersion process a distinct microstructural transition marks the change in growth mode from a superconformal deposition mode to geometrical leveling during trench filling. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3572055] All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, Chang Hwa; Bonevich, John E.; Bertocci, Ugo; Steffens, Kristen L.; Moffat, Thomas P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, CH (reprint author), Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Taejon 305353, South Korea. EM thomas.moffat@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 6 BP D366 EP D376 DI 10.1149/1.3572055 PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 754KY UT WOS:000289854700062 ER PT J AU Matlock, GC AF Matlock, Gary C. TI Precision of Striped Bass Fry Density Estimates SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID SIZE AB Many fisheries for striped bass Morone saxatilis in the United States are supported by stocking hatchery-reared fish. Fingerlings are usually obtained by spawning adults in captivity, collecting fry in large (25-100-L) collection containers (vats), moving them to rearing facilities (e. g., earthen ponds and raceways), and subsequently harvesting the fish that remain after some predetermined period. The number of fry stocked is estimated, and the accuracy and precision are seldom known or reported. The effect of treating fry stocking estimates as "error free, complete counts" on survival and production estimates is, therefore, also unknown. The objective of this study was to document and determine the statistical precision of the procedures used at Texas Parks and Wildlife Department's Dundee Fish Hatchery through the 1990s (standard procedures still in use at many hatcheries) for estimating fry densities in vats. The precision of fry density estimates was directly correlated with the mean density and sample volume. Such estimates could be improved by reducing the water volume (especially when densities are low) in vats and using a standard sample volume (at least 15 mL) instead of adjusting the sample volume based on visual inspection of fry in vats. The number of samples could be reduced from 10 to 8 without substantially affecting precision. Further, the practice of removing the highest and lowest sample values should be discontinued. The resulting precision of subsequent fingerling survival and production statistics could benefit from these changes without a substantial increase in data analysis. C1 Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Matlock, GC (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, 1305 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM gary.c.matlock@noaa.gov FU U.S. government FX This study would not have been possible without the willingness of the staff at TPWD's Dundee Fish Hatchery, especially Joe Warren, to collect and provide the data. I am grateful to them for their conscientious attention to detail and support. I also appreciate the constructive criticisms of six anonymous reviewers. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2011 VL 73 IS 2 BP 176 EP 179 DI 10.1080/15222055.2011.574942 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 756UN UT WOS:000290040300004 ER PT J AU Phillips, PJ Jiang, F Narvekar, A Ayyad, J O'Toole, AJ AF Phillips, P. Jonathon Jiang, Fang Narvekar, Abhijit Ayyad, Julianne O'Toole, Alice J. TI An Other-Race Effect for Face Recognition Algorithms SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED PERCEPTION LA English DT Article DE Algorithms; Human Factors; Verification; Experimentation; Face recognition; human-machine comparisons ID OWN-RACE; IDENTIFICATION; BIAS AB Psychological research indicates that humans recognize faces of their own race more accurately than faces of other races. This "other-race effect" occurs for algorithms tested in a recent international competition for state-of-the-art face recognition algorithms. We report results for a Western algorithm made by fusing eight algorithms from Western countries and an East Asian algorithm made by fusing five algorithms from East Asian countries. At the low false accept rates required for most security applications, the Western algorithm recognized Caucasian faces more accurately than East Asian faces and the East Asian algorithm recognized East Asian faces more accurately than Caucasian faces. Next, using a test that spanned all false alarm rates, we compared the algorithms with humans of Caucasian and East Asian descent matching face identity in an identical stimulus set. In this case, both algorithms performed better on the Caucasian faces-the "majority" race in the database. The Caucasian face advantage, however, was far larger for the Western algorithm than for the East Asian algorithm. Humans showed the standard other-race effect for these faces, but showed more stable performance than the algorithms over changes in the race of the test faces. State-of-the-art face recognition algorithms, like humans, struggle with " other-race face" recognition. C1 [Phillips, P. Jonathon] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jiang, Fang; Narvekar, Abhijit; Ayyad, Julianne; O'Toole, Alice J.] Univ Texas Dallas, Sch Behav & Brain Sci, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. RP Phillips, PJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8940, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jonathon@nist.gov; otoole@utdallas.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU Technical Support Working Group of the Department of Defense; Federal Bureau of Investigation FX This work was supported by funding from the Technical Support Working Group of the Department of Defense and A. O'Toole from. P. J. Phillips was supported in part by funding from the Federal Bureau of Investigation. The identification of any commercial product or trade name does not imply endorsement or recommendation by NIST. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 1544-3558 EI 1544-3965 J9 ACM T APPL PERCEPT JI ACM Trans. Appl. Percept. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 8 IS 2 AR 14 DI 10.1145/1870076.1870082 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 748AR UT WOS:000289362900006 ER PT J AU Arrizabalaga, H de Bruyn, P Diaz, GA Murua, H Chavance, P de Molina, AD Gaertner, D Ariz, J Ruiz, J Kell, LT AF Arrizabalaga, Haritz de Bruyn, Paul Diaz, Guillermo A. Murua, Hilario Chavance, Pierre Delgado de Molina, Alicia Gaertner, Daniel Ariz, Javier Ruiz, Jon Kell, Laurence T. TI Productivity and susceptibility analysis for species caught in Atlantic tuna fisheries SO AQUATIC LIVING RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Ecological risk assessment; Productivity; Susceptibility; Ecosystem approach; Bycatch; Purse seine; Longline fishery ID ECOLOGICAL RISK-ASSESSMENT; AUSTRALIAN TRAWL FISHERY; FISHING EFFECTS SAFE; SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT; ELASMOBRANCH BYCATCH; HIGHLY DIVERSE; MARINE FISHES; MANAGEMENT; IMPACTS AB Ecological risk assessment is a useful methodology for assisting the management of fisheries from an ecosystem perspective. Atlantic tuna fisheries, managed by the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT), are economically important and interact with several bycatch species. In spite of these interactions, no comprehensive ecological risk assessment has been conducted for bycatch species caught in ICCAT fisheries. In this paper, we followed a two stage approach with the objective of assessing the relative risk of species being negatively impacted by Atlantic tuna fisheries. An analysis of the ICCAT bycatch species list (which includes all species reported to have interacted with different tuna fishing gears operating in the Atlantic) revealed that most of these species are caught in longline fisheries, followed by gillnets and purse seines. According to the IUCN red list, 7 species of the ICCAT bycatch list (3 coastal sharks, 3 sea turtles and one seabird) are categorized as critically endangered. In our study, and based on their life history characteristics, marine mammals and coastal sharks caught in ICCAT fisheries showed the highest intrinsic vulnerability values. A productivity susceptibility analysis for the European Union (EU) tropical tuna purse seine fleet and the United States (US) pelagic longline fleet revealed two groups with high relative risk scores. The first one included pelagic and coastal sharks, characterized by relatively low productivities, and the second one included teleosts, characterized by higher productivities but high susceptibility to purse seine and longline gears. Some alternative approaches to conduct productivity susceptibility analyses in the context of ecological risk assessments are discussed. C1 [Arrizabalaga, Haritz; de Bruyn, Paul; Murua, Hilario] AZTI Tecnalia, Pasaia 20110, Spain. [Diaz, Guillermo A.] NOAA NMFS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Chavance, Pierre; Gaertner, Daniel] IRD, F-34203 Sete, France. [Delgado de Molina, Alicia; Ariz, Javier] IEO CO Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 38080, Islas Canarias, Spain. [Ruiz, Jon] AZTI Tecnalia, Sukarrieta 48395, Spain. [Kell, Laurence T.] ICCAT, Madrid 28002, Spain. RP Arrizabalaga, H (reprint author), AZTI Tecnalia, Herrera Kaia Portualdea Z-G, Pasaia 20110, Spain. EM harri@azti.es RI Gaertner, Daniel/H-8042-2013; OI Gaertner, Daniel/0000-0002-1194-4432; Arrizabalaga, Haritz/0000-0002-3861-6316 FU Basque Government FX We thank three anonymous referees for their valuable comments. This work was partially supported by the Basque Government grant ATM2010Templados to AZTI Tecnalia. This paper is contribution number 522 from AZTI-Tecnalia (Marine Research). NR 40 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 21 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0990-7440 EI 1765-2952 J9 AQUAT LIVING RESOUR JI Aquat. Living Resour. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 24 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1051/alr/2011007 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 751MT UT WOS:000289622900001 ER PT J AU Shackeroff, JM Campbell, LM Crowder, LB AF Shackeroff, Janna M. Campbell, Lisa M. Crowder, Larry B. TI Social-Ecological Guilds: Putting People into Marine Historical Ecology SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE conservation; coral reefs; local ecological knowledge; marine historical ecology; social-ecological systems; traditional ecological knowledge ID ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT; PROTECTED AREAS; RESOURCE USERS; KNOWLEDGE; CONSERVATION; FISHERIES; COMMUNITY; POLITICS; FISH; DEPLETION AB Marine historical ecology provides historic insights into past ocean ecosystems that are crucial to effectively confronting the declining health and resilience in marine ecosystems. A more 'peopled' approach to marine historical ecology is necessary, given the heightened emphasis on human dimensions in marine management. This study examined the historical ecology of Hawaiian coral reef ecosystems through oral histories of diverse ocean experts, representing six traditional, local, and scientific knowledge systems. Based on 61 in-depth interviews with these ocean experts, historical trends, abundance, and distribution over 80 years and a 50-mile region for 271 species emerged. Analyzing trends by ecological guild, e. g., herbivores, proved inappropriate to these data; rather, based on qualitative analyses, five distinct trends encompassing nearly all species emerged in what we term "social-ecological guilds." Ocean expert's observations of change were surprisingly consistent, regardless of their knowledge system, whereas perceptions of change varied widely. The historical picture was far broader and richer when the contributions of six knowledge systems were incorporated, compared to that of any one alone. Social-ecological guilds also matter critically from a management perspective, because understanding how experts from a multiplicity of perspectives observe, interpret, and respond to ecological change can help managers anticipate responses to management activities and perhaps to design better management strategies. C1 [Shackeroff, Janna M.] Int Coordinator NOAA Coral Reef Conservat Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Crowder, Larry B.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Durham, NC 27706 USA. RP Shackeroff, JM (reprint author), Int Coordinator NOAA Coral Reef Conservat Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Campbell, Lisa/C-3448-2012 FU Marine Conservation Biology Institute; Oak Foundation; Duke Center for Marine Conservation; Morris K. Udall Foundation FX We would like to thank E. W. Glazier, M. K. Orbach, and C. Severance for their guidance in this research; P. N. Shackeroff and C. M. Litton for field and research assistance; and Z. Meletis, N. Gray, B. Haalboom, and C. L. Carothers for their input. Support for this research came from the Marine Conservation Biology Institute's Mia Tegner Grant in Historical Ecology, Oak Foundation, Duke Center for Marine Conservation, and Morris K. Udall Foundation Dissertation Fellowship in Environmental Policy and Conflict Resolution. NR 63 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 25 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PY 2011 VL 16 IS 1 AR 52 PG 20 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 744FV UT WOS:000289081200001 ER PT J AU Pittman, SJ Kneib, RT Simenstad, CA AF Pittman, Simon J. Kneib, Ronald T. Simenstad, Charles A. TI Practicing coastal seascape ecology SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Landscape ecology; Seascapes; Spatial pattern; Spatial planning ID LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; ENVIRONMENT; MOVEMENTS; SURVIVAL; HABITATS; GROWTH; FISH AB Landscape ecology concepts developed from terrestrial systems have recently emerged as theoretical and analytical frameworks that are equally useful for evaluating the ecological consequences of spatial patterns and structural changes in the submerged landscapes of coastal ecosystems. The benefits of applying a spatially-explicit perspective to resource management and restoration planning in the coastal zone are rapidly becoming apparent. This Theme Section on the application of landscape ecology to the estuarine and coastal environment emerged from a special symposium at the Coastal and Estuarine Research Federation (CERF) 20th Biennial Conference (Estuaries and Coasts in a Changing World) held in Portland, Oregon, USA, in November 2009. The 7 contributions in this Theme Section collectively provide substantial insights into the current status and application of the landscape approach in shallow marine environments, and identify significant knowledge gaps, as well as potential directions for the future advancement of 'seascape ecology'. C1 [Pittman, Simon J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Biogeog Branch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Pittman, Simon J.] Univ Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine Sci, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA. [Kneib, Ronald T.] Univ Georgia, Inst Marine, Sapelo Isl, GA 31327 USA. [Kneib, Ronald T.] RTK Consulting Serv, Hillsboro, NM 88042 USA. [Simenstad, Charles A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Pittman, SJ (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Biogeog Branch, 1305 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM simon.pittman@noaa.gov FU Georgia Sea Grant College; National Science Foundation FX S.J.P. is grateful to the NOAA Biogeography Branch and Coral Reef Conservation Program for supporting seascape ecology research. R. T. K. is grateful for financial support of the Georgia Sea Grant College Program and the National Science Foundation, which funded his research into the application of landscape concepts to salt marsh seascapes, and to the UGA President's Venture Fund which provided travel support to co-host the symposium on seascape ecology at the November 2009 CERF conference, on which this Theme Section is based. NR 21 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 8 U2 50 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 427 BP 187 EP 190 DI 10.3354/meps09139 PG 4 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 749SM UT WOS:000289489800015 ER PT J AU Wedding, LM Lepczyk, CA Pittman, SJ Friedlander, AM Jorgensen, S AF Wedding, Lisa M. Lepczyk, Christopher A. Pittman, Simon J. Friedlander, Alan M. Jorgensen, Stacy TI Quantifying seascape structure: extending terrestrial spatial pattern metrics to the marine realm SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Seascape ecology; Landscape indices; Landscape metrics; Seascape structure; Spatial pattern metrics; Spatial scale ID FISH SPECIES RICHNESS; ROCKY BENTHIC COMMUNITIES; BOOSTED REGRESSION TREES; REMOTE-SENSING DATA; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; REEF FISH; SEAGRASS LANDSCAPES; ENVIRONMENT; DIVERSITY; DYNAMICS AB Spatial pattern metrics have routinely been applied to characterize and quantify structural features of terrestrial landscapes and have demonstrated great utility in landscape ecology and conservation planning. The important role of spatial structure in ecology and management is now commonly recognized, and recent advances in marine remote sensing technology have facilitated the application of spatial pattern metrics to the marine environment. However, it is not yet clear whether concepts, metrics, and statistical techniques developed for terrestrial ecosystems are relevant for marine species and seascapes. To address this gap in our knowledge, we reviewed, synthesized, and evaluated the utility and application of spatial pattern metrics in the marine science literature over the past 30 yr (1980 to 2010). In total, 23 studies characterized seascape structure, of which 17 quantified spatial patterns using a 2-dimensional patch-mosaic model and 5 used a continuously varying 3-dimensional surface model. Most seascape studies followed terrestrial-based studies in their search for ecological patterns and applied or modified existing metrics. Only 1 truly unique metric was found (hydrodynamic aperture applied to Pacific atolls). While there are still relatively few studies using spatial pattern metrics in the marine environment, they have suffered from similar misuse as reported for terrestrial studies, such as the lack of a priori considerations or the problem of collinearity between metrics. Spatial pattern metrics offer great potential for ecological research and environmental management in marine systems, and future studies should focus on (1) the dynamic boundary between the land and sea; (2) quantifying 3-dimensional spatial patterns; and (3) assessing and monitoring seascape change. C1 [Wedding, Lisa M.; Jorgensen, Stacy] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Wedding, Lisa M.; Pittman, Simon J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Biogeog Branch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Lepczyk, Christopher A.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Pittman, Simon J.] Univ Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine Sci, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA. [Friedlander, Alan M.] US Geol Survey, Hawaii Cooperat Fisheries Res Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Wedding, LM (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geog, Saunders Hall 445, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM wedding@hawaii.edu FU National Science Foundation [BCS-1003871]; NOAA's Biogeography Branch; Coral Reef Conservation Program FX This research was supported by a National Science Foundation Dissertation Improvement Grant BCS-1003871, NOAA's Biogeography Branch, and the Coral Reef Conservation Program. NR 86 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 7 U2 54 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 427 BP 219 EP 232 DI 10.3354/meps09119 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 749SM UT WOS:000289489800017 ER PT J AU Santos, RO Lirman, D Serafy, JE AF Santos, Rolando O. Lirman, Diego Serafy, Joseph E. TI Quantifying freshwater-induced fragmentation of submerged aquatic vegetation communities using a multi-scale landscape ecology approach SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Submerged aquatic vegetation; Seagrass; Landscape ecology; Seascape structure; Salinity patterns; Water-quality influences; Habitat fragmentation; Everglades restoration ID EELGRASS ZOSTERA-MARINA; JUVENILE REEF FISH; SOUTH BISCAYNE BAY; SEAGRASS LANDSCAPES; FLORIDA BAY; SCALING RELATIONS; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; CHANGING SCALE; PATCH DYNAMICS; NORTH-CAROLINA AB Species composition and abundance of nearshore submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) of Biscayne Bay, Florida, USA, are influenced by pulsed delivery of fresh water from canals that drain the Everglades and adjacent urban and agricultural areas. In the present study, we evaluated whether freshwater inflows were correlated with the spatial structure (e. g. patchiness, fragmentation, spatial heterogeneity) of SAV. SAV patches were delineated using aerial photographs and object-based classification, and the SAV seascape structure was characterized at different spatial scales (200 m to 1 km from shore) using landscape metrics. The area closest to shore (200 m buffer) was identified as the area with the highest heterogeneity in SAV seascape structure; areas beyond this buffer did not differ significantly in landscape metrics. Within the 200 m buffer, SAV seascapes clustered into continuous SAV structures (CSS) and fragmented SAV structures (FSS). CSS had a higher proportion of the benthos covered by larger SAV patches with simpler boundaries. FSS had a higher density of smaller SAV patches with complex shapes and a lower proportion of the substrate covered by SAV patches. Neither structure type was distributed randomly along the shoreline. CSS were prevalent in areas with high and stable salinity. FSS were prevalent in areas influenced by freshwater discharges where salinity is low and variable, highlighting how the pulsed release of fresh water may adversely influence the structure of SAV seascapes, potentially resulting in fragmentation of the benthic community. Thus, this seascape approach provides a tool to assess the influences and effectiveness of the Everglades Restoration Project in Biscayne Bay. C1 [Santos, Rolando O.; Lirman, Diego; Serafy, Joseph E.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Serafy, Joseph E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Santos, RO (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM rsantos@rsmas.miami.edu FU NOAA; US Department of the Interior's Critical Ecosystem Studies Initiative; RECOVER Monitoring and Assessment Program; Army Corps of Engineers; McKnight Doctoral Fellowship Program; NOAA's Living Marine Resources Cooperative Science Center FX Funding for this study was provided by NOAA's National Geodetic Survey (D. L.), the US Department of the Interior's Critical Ecosystem Studies Initiative (D. L.), the RECOVER Monitoring and Assessment Program (MAP; D. L. and J.E.S.), the Army Corps of Engineers (D. L. and J.E.S.), the McKnight Doctoral Fellowship Program (R.O.S.), and NOAA's Living Marine Resources Cooperative Science Center (R.O.S.). The manuscript benefited from comments by S. Purkis, E. Hochberg, and S. Pittman. NR 82 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 34 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 427 BP 233 EP 246 DI 10.3354/meps08996 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 749SM UT WOS:000289489800018 ER PT J AU Hitt, S Pittman, SJ Nemeth, RS AF Hitt, Steven Pittman, Simon J. Nemeth, Richard S. TI Diel movements of fishes linked to benthic seascape structure in a Caribbean coral reef ecosystem SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Seascape ecology; Spatial pattern; Acoustic tracking; Home range; Fish movements ID MANGROVE-SEAGRASS ECOTONE; SOUTHWESTERN PUERTO-RICO; TAKE MARINE RESERVE; HABITAT USE; HOME-RANGE; HAEMULON-FLAVOLINEATUM; SNAPPERS LUTJANIDAE; FEEDING HABITATS; ANIMAL MOVEMENT; PATTERNS AB Many common fishes associated with Caribbean coral reef ecosystems use resources from more than 1 patch type during routine daily foraging activities. Few studies have provided direct evidence of connectivity across seascapes, and the importance of benthic seascape structure on movement behavior is poorly known. To address this knowledge gap, we coupled hydro-acoustic technology to track fish with seafloor mapping and pattern analysis techniques from landscape ecology to quantify seascape structure. Bluestriped grunts Haemulon sciurus and schoolmaster snapper Lutjanus apodus were tracked over 24 h periods using boat-based acoustic telemetry. Movement pathways, and day and night activity spaces were mapped using geographical information system (GIS) tools, and seafloor structure within activity spaces was mapped from high-resolution aerial photography and quantified using spatial pattern metrics. For both fish species, night activity spaces were significantly larger than day activity spaces. Fish exhibited a daytime preference for seascapes with aggregate coral reef and colonized bedrock, then shifted to night activity spaces with lower-complexity soft sediment including sand, seagrass, and scattered coral/rock. Movement path complexity was negatively correlated with seascape complexity. This demonstrates direct connectivity across multiple patch types and represents the first study to apply quantitative landscape ecology techniques to examine the movement ecology of marine fish. The spatially explicit approach facilitates understanding to the linkages between biological processes and the heterogeneity of the landscape. Such studies are essential for identifying ecologically relevant spatial scales, delineating essential fish habitat and designing marine protected areas. C1 [Hitt, Steven; Pittman, Simon J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Biogeog Branch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Hitt, Steven; Pittman, Simon J.; Nemeth, Richard S.] Univ Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine & Environm Studies, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA. RP Pittman, SJ (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Biogeog Branch, 1305 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM simon.pittman@noaa.gov FU NOAA FX This research was supported by a NOAA cooperative agreement with the University of the Virgin Islands. We thank the staff of the Biogeography Branch and M. Monaco at NOAA's Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment for providing tracking equipment and technical support; J. Blondeau of the Center for Marine and Environmental Studies for GIS assistance; the US National Park Service for permission to operate within the St. John National Park; and H. Hitt and UVI volunteers who assisted with fish tracking. We also extend our gratitude to 4 anonymous reviewers for extensive comments that helped in the refinement of this manuscript. This is contribution no. 62 from University of the Virgin Islands' Center for Marine and Environmental Studies. NR 72 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 5 U2 64 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 427 BP 275 EP 291 DI 10.3354/meps09093 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 749SM UT WOS:000289489800021 ER PT J AU Sivakumar, M Bessemoulin, P Peterson, TC Asrar, G AF Sivakumar, Mannava Bessemoulin, Pierre Peterson, Thomas C. Asrar, Ghassem TI Changing climate and demands for sustainable development PREFACE SO CLIMATE RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material DE Climate change; Sustainable development; Climate products and services AB In order to meet the multi-faceted challenges of climate variability and climate change, there is a need for wise and well-informed decision-making at every level. Those who make these decisions require the best possible climate science and information. The 14 articles in this CR Special represent a synthesis of the requirements of society for climate information, products and services to support adaptation to climate variability and change, as well as for sustainable development. C1 [Sivakumar, Mannava; Asrar, Ghassem] World Meteorol Org, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Bessemoulin, Pierre] Meteo France, Paris, France. [Peterson, Thomas C.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Sivakumar, M (reprint author), World Meteorol Org, 7Bid,Ave Paix,Case Postale 2300, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM msivakumar@wmo.int NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0936-577X J9 CLIM RES JI Clim. Res. PY 2011 VL 47 IS 1-2 BP 3 EP 4 DI 10.3354/cr00998 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 745YN UT WOS:000289207700002 ER PT J AU Peterson, TC Baddour, O AF Peterson, Thomas C. Baddour, Omar TI Towards an enhanced climate system monitoring: challenges and perspectives SO CLIMATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Climate; Climate monitoring; Monitoring needs AB Climate system monitoring is more involved than just launching a new satellite and tracking the ensuing data. The most valuable data are those needed to observe essential climate variables. The data also need to go through a well-defined process, transforming the raw data into climate data records to help ensure that the information derived from these records accurately depicts how the climate is changing. A key aspect of any strategy for improving global climate system monitoring is enhancing the international exchange of climate data. The benefit of this often becomes clear as meteorological services in countries around the world improve the climate information they provide by putting it in the context of larger scale, cross-border climate signals. C1 [Peterson, Thomas C.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Center, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Baddour, Omar] World Meteorol Org, CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland. RP Peterson, TC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Center, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM thomas.c.peterson@noaa.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0936-577X J9 CLIM RES JI Clim. Res. PY 2011 VL 47 IS 1-2 BP 21 EP 28 DI 10.3354/cr00951 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 745YN UT WOS:000289207700005 ER PT J AU Graham, RJ Yun, WT Kim, J Kumar, A Jones, D Bettio, L Gagnon, N Kolli, RK Smith, D AF Graham, R. J. Yun, W. -T. Kim, J. Kumar, A. Jones, D. Bettio, L. Gagnon, N. Kolli, R. K. Smith, D. TI Long-range forecasting and the Global Framework for Climate Services SO CLIMATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE WMO; Long-range forecasts; Global Producing Centres; GPC; Global Framework for Climate Services; GFCS; Lead Centres; Seasonal forecasts; Decadal prediction AB We describe the progress in the international coordination of long-range forecasting fostered by the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO), specifically for the seasonal to interannual timescale. Coordination has been achieved through the creation of new infrastructure, notably 11 Global Producing Centres (GPCs) for long-range forecasts, and definition of operational standards in forecast output and associated material. Examples discussed show improvements to the integration, usefulness and operational delivery of long-range forecast products to the world-wide climate community. Products are in wide use, and cover both predictive information, up to 6 mo ahead, and verification information indicating forecast quality. Proposals for future expansions of the role of GPCs are discussed, with a view to addressing the challenges presented by the development of the Global Framework for Climate Services. In particular, implementation of regular WMO-coordinated Global Seasonal Climate Updates is proposed, to provide authoritative, readily accessible advice on the state of the global climate and prospects for the next season. In addition we argue that the skill benefits provided by decadal-range predictions initialised with the observed climate state, relative to uninitialised (IPCC-type) predictions, are sufficient to begin similar international coordination in multi-annual-to-decadal prediction, through extending the role of those GPCs that are developing decadal-prediction capability. C1 [Graham, R. J.; Smith, D.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Yun, W. -T.; Kim, J.] Korea Meteorol Adm, Seoul 156726, South Korea. [Kumar, A.] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Jones, D.; Bettio, L.] Australian Bur Meteorol, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. [Gagnon, N.] Meteorol Serv Canada, Dorval, PQ H9P 1J3, Canada. [Kolli, R. K.] World Meteorol Org, Climate & Water Dept, Climate Predict & Adaptat Branch, CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland. RP Graham, RJ (reprint author), Met Off Hadley Ctr, FitzRoy Rd, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. EM richard.graham@metoffice.gov.uk RI Graham, Richard/O-8846-2015 NR 9 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 10 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0936-577X J9 CLIM RES JI Clim. Res. PY 2011 VL 47 IS 1-2 BP 47 EP 55 DI 10.3354/cr00963 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 745YN UT WOS:000289207700008 ER PT J AU Herzfeld, M Schmidt, M Griffies, SM Liang, Z AF Herzfeld, M. Schmidt, M. Griffies, S. M. Liang, Z. TI Realistic test cases for limited area ocean modelling SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Review DE Modelling; Mathematical modelling; Boundary conditions; Open boundary conditions; Radiation conditions ID OPEN BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; PRIMITIVE EQUATION MODEL; CIRCULATION MODELS; TROPICAL CYCLONES; NUMERICAL-MODELS; INVERSE ESTUARY; SOUTH-AUSTRALIA; BALTIC SEA; PART I; SHELF AB The applicability of Modular Ocean Model version 4 (MOM4p1) as a code base to study regional physical oceanographic phenomena is presented, highlighting features recently implemented for use in limited area domains. Central to the successful operation of limited area model applications are the inclusion of a comprehensive suite of open boundary conditions, turbulence closure and vertical discretization. The open boundary problem, in particular, is considered and we present the open boundary condition implementation and performance in limited area model configurations corresponding to three realistic test cases. These tests represent typical configurations the physical oceanographer may encounter, and consist of (1) a coastal shelf model application where a two-tiered model configuration is used for down-scaling from a coarse grid model to supply sufficiently resolved boundary values for active cross-shelf open boundaries of a regional model; (2) tidal response of a gulf with one open boundary across the mouth of the gulf; (3) response of a coastal region to the passage of a tropical cyclone, where the open boundaries behave in primarily a passive capacity. Although the code base used in the test cases is MOM4p1, emphasis is placed on general features of the tests that are necessary for the scientific and operational use of any limited area model, hence key findings may be applied to limited area models in general. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Herzfeld, M.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Schmidt, M.] Leibniz Inst Balt Sea Res, D-18119 Rostock, Germany. [Liang, Z.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, HPTI, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Herzfeld, M (reprint author), CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. EM mike.herzfeld@csiro.au NR 92 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2011 VL 37 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2010.12.008 PG 34 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 746UL UT WOS:000289273100001 ER PT J AU Bronnimann, S Compo, GP Spadin, R Allan, R Adam, W AF Broennimann, S. Compo, G. P. Spadin, R. Allan, R. Adam, W. TI Early ship-based upper-air data and comparison with the Twentieth Century Reanalysis SO CLIMATE OF THE PAST LA English DT Article ID PROJECT AB Extension of 3-D atmospheric data products back into the past is desirable for a wide range of applications. Historical upper-air data are important in this endeavour, particularly in the maritime regions of the tropics and the southern hemisphere, where observations are extremely sparse. Here we present newly digitized and re-evaluated early ship-based upper-air data from two cruises: (1) kite and registering balloon profiles from onboard the ship SMS Planet on a cruise from Europe around South Africa and across the Indian Ocean to the western Pacific in 1906/1907, and (2) ship-based radiosonde data from onboard the MS Schwabenland on a cruise from Europe across the Atlantic to Antarctica and back in 1938/1939. We describe the data and provide estimations of the errors. We compare the data with a recent reanalysis (the Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project, 20CR, Compo et al., 2011) that provides global 3-D data back to the 19th century based on an assimilation of surface pressure data only (plus monthly mean sea-surface temperatures). In cruise (1), the agreement is generally good, but large temperature differences appear during a period with a strong inversion. In cruise (2), after a subset of the data are corrected, close agreement between observations and 20CR is found for geopotential height (GPH) and temperature notwithstanding a likely cold bias of 20CR at the tropopause level. Results are considerably worse for relative humidity, which was reportedly inaccurately measured. Note that comparing 20CR, which has limited skill in the tropical regions, with measurements from ships in remote regions made under sometimes difficult conditions can be considered a worst case assessment. In view of that fact, the anomaly correlations for temperature of 0.3-0.6 in the lower troposphere in cruise (1) and of 0.5-0.7 for tropospheric temperature and GPH in cruise (2) are considered as promising results. Moreover, they are consistent with the error estimations. The results suggest room for further improvement of data products in remote regions. C1 [Broennimann, S.; Spadin, R.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Broennimann, S.] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Broennimann, S.] Univ Bern, Inst Geog, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Compo, G. P.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Compo, G. P.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Allan, R.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, ACRE, Exeter, Devon, England. [Adam, W.] Meteorol Observ Lindenberg, DWD, Lindenberg, Germany. RP Bronnimann, S (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. EM stefan.broennimann@giub.unibe.ch OI COMPO, GILBERT/0000-0001-5199-9633; Bronnimann, Stefan/0000-0001-9502-7991 FU Swiss National Science Foundation [PP002-120871/1]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment (DOE INCITE); Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office; Office of Science of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX The work was funded through the Swiss National Science Foundation (PP002-120871/1). We wish to acknowledge COST Action "HOME" and the ACRE initiative (Atmospheric Circulation Reconstructions over the Earth) as well as MeteoSwiss for providing data from Santis and Jungfraujoch. Support for the Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project dataset is provided by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment (DOE INCITE) program, and Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER), and by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office. The Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center and of the National Center for Computational Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which are supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725, respectively. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1814-9324 J9 CLIM PAST JI Clim. Past. PY 2011 VL 7 IS 1 BP 265 EP 276 DI 10.5194/cp-7-265-2011 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 743CC UT WOS:000288992700020 ER PT J AU Rahman, A Kogan, F Roytman, L Goldberg, M Guo, W AF Rahman, A. Kogan, F. Roytman, L. Goldberg, M. Guo, W. TI Modelling and prediction of malaria vector distribution in Bangladesh from remote-sensing data SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID EAST-AFRICAN HIGHLANDS; EPIDEMICS; SURVEILLANCE AB Epidemic malaria cases and satellite-based vegetation health (VH) indices were investigated to be used as predictors of malaria vector activities in Bangladesh. The VH indices were derived from radiances, measured by the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) afternoon polar orbiting satellites. Two indices characterizing moisture and thermal conditions were investigated using correlation and regression analysis applied to the number of malaria cases recorded in the entire Bangladesh region and three administrative divisions (Chittagong, Sylhet and Dhaka) during 1992-2001. It is shown that during the cooler months (November to March), when mosquitoes are less active, the correlation between number of malaria cases and two investigated indices was near zero. From April, when the mosquito activity season starts, the correlation increased, reaching a maximum value of 0.5-0.8 by the middle of the high season (June to July), reducing thereafter to zero by the beginning of the cool season in November. Following these results, regressional equations for the number of malaria cases as a function of VH indices were built and tested independently. They showed that, in the main malaria administrative division (Chittagong) and the entire Bangladesh region, the regressional equations can be used for early prediction of malaria development. C1 [Rahman, A.; Roytman, L.] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Kogan, F.; Goldberg, M.] NOAA NESDIS, Bethesda, MD 20746 USA. RP Rahman, A (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM fmatiq@yahoo.com RI Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010; Goldberg, Mitch/F-5589-2010; Guo, Wei/E-7934-2011 OI Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X; Guo, Wei/0000-0003-3253-9441 FU National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service (NESDIS) [NA07NES4280009] FX This study is supported by National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service (NESDIS) award no. NA07NES4280009. The statements contained in this article are not the opinions of the funding agency or the USA government, but reflect the opinions of the authors. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2011 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1233 EP 1251 DI 10.1080/01431160903527447 PG 19 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 739DN UT WOS:000288693800002 ER PT J AU Song, HJ Ji, RB Stock, C Kearney, K Wang, ZL AF Song, Hongjun Ji, Rubao Stock, Charles Kearney, Kelly Wang, Zongling TI Interannual variability in phytoplankton blooms and plankton productivity over the Nova Scotian Shelf and in the Gulf of Maine SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Phytoplankton bloom; Interannual variability; Modeling; Nova Scotian Shelf; Gulf of Maine ID GEORGES BANK REGION; SURFACE HEAT-FLUX; FISH PRODUCTION; OCEAN SURFACE; DYNAMIC-MODEL; GROWTH-RATE; ATLANTIC; SEA; TEMPERATURE; RADIATION AB A 1D ecosystem model, driven by surface heat and wind forcing and relaxed toward observed salinity profiles, was applied to simulate the interannual and decadal scale variability of phytoplankton blooms and plankton production from 1984 to 2007 in the Nova Scotian Shelf (NSS) and Gulf of Maine (GoM) region. The model captured the mean observed timing and magnitude of the spring (SPB) and fall phytoplankton bloom (FPB) in both systems, as well as observed interannual variations in SPB peak timing. Model simulations for both the GoM and NSS exhibited marked interannual variability in SPB and FPB timing (+/- 2 to 3 wk) and magnitude (up to similar to 1 mg chlorophyll m(-3)). Earlier SPBs and delayed FPBs are linked to enhanced water column stability generated by less saline surface water or sharper salinity gradients over the top 50 m of the water column. The modeled variation in annual primary productivity, mesozooplankton productivity, and particle export flux was modest (< 10% of the mean). Years with high primary production were weakly associated with early SPBs (GoM: r = -0.205; NSS: r = -0.51), but there was no significant relationship with water column stability. This suggests that variation in annual productivity in the GoM and NSS reflects a combination of variation in light limitation (which is alleviated by increased water column stability) and nutrient limitation (which is exacerbated by increased water column stability) that offset and are of near equal importance when averaged over the year. Interannual variations in fisheries production due to changes in annual productivity are thus likely secondary to profound shifts in fisheries recruitment and production that have been linked to variations in SPB and FPB timing. C1 [Song, Hongjun; Ji, Rubao] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Song, Hongjun; Wang, Zongling] SOA, Key Lab Sci & Engn Marine Ecol Environm, Inst Oceanog 1, Qingdao 266061, Peoples R China. [Ji, Rubao] Shanghai Ocean Univ, Marine Ecosyst & Environm Lab, Coll Marine Sci, Inst Marine Sci, Shanghai 201306, Peoples R China. [Stock, Charles] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Kearney, Kelly] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Ji, RB (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM rji@whoi.edu RI Stock, Charles/H-1281-2012; Kearney, Kelly/A-8673-2014; Ji, Rubao/I-1970-2015; OI Kearney, Kelly/0000-0002-6152-5236; Ji, Rubao/0000-0002-8839-5427; Stock, Charles/0000-0001-9549-8013 FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0727033, 0815838]; National Key Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2010CB428703]; China Scholarship Council (CSC) government; Shanghai Ocean University [A-2302-10-0003]; Shanghai Municipal Education Commission [J50702] FX This study was supported by National Science Foundation grants OCE-0727033 and 0815838 provided to R.J., National Key Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) grant 2010CB428703 provided to Z.W., and a China Scholarship Council (CSC) government-sponsored graduate scholarship provided to H. S. This work was partially supported by the Shanghai Ocean University Program for International Cooperation (A-2302-10-0003), and the Leading Academic Discipline Project of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (J50702). NCEP Reanalysis data were provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their website at www.cdc.noaa.gov/. NR 61 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 17 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 426 BP 105 EP U133 DI 10.3354/meps09002 PG 19 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 742ZO UT WOS:000288984400008 ER PT J AU Siddon, EC Duffy-Anderson, JT Mueter, FJ AF Siddon, Elizabeth C. Duffy-Anderson, Janet T. Mueter, Franz J. TI Community-level response of fish larvae to environmental variability in the southeastern Bering Sea SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Larval fish; Southeastern Bering Sea; Community structure; Walleye pollock; Theragra chalcogramma; Environmental variability ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WALLEYE POLLOCK; ICHTHYOPLANKTON ASSEMBLAGES; GADUS-MACROCEPHALUS; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; TEMPORAL PATTERNS; MARINE FISH; EASTERN; SHELF AB Oceanographic conditions in the southeastern Bering Sea are affected by large-scale climatic drivers (e.g. Pacific Decadal Oscillation, Aleutian Low Pressure System). Ecosystem changes in response to climate variability should be monitored, as the Bering Sea supports the largest commercial fishery in the USA (walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma). This analysis examined shifts in larval fish community composition in the southeastern Bering Sea in response to environmental variability across both warm and cold periods. Larvae were sampled in spring (May) during 5 cruises between 2002 and 2008 using oblique 60 cm bongo tows. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) was used to quantify variability and reduce multi-species abundance data to major modes of species composition. Generalized additive models (GAMs) characterized spatial and temporal differences in assemblage structure as a function of environmental covariates. We identified a strong cross-shelf gradient delineating slope and shelf assemblages, an influence of water masses from the Gulf of Alaska on species composition, and the importance of nearshore areas for larval fish. Species assemblages differed between warm and cold periods, and larval abundances were generally greater in warm years. High abundances of walleye pollock in warm years contributed most to differences in Unimak Pass, outer domain, and shelf areas (geographic areas in the study region defined based on bathymetry). Sebastes spp. contributed to differences over the slope with increased abundances in cold years. We propose that community-level patterns in larval fish composition may reflect species-specific responses to climate change and that early life stages may be primary indicators of environmental change. C1 [Siddon, Elizabeth C.; Mueter, Franz J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Duffy-Anderson, Janet T.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, RACE Div, Recruitment Proc Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Ocean & Atmospher A, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Siddon, EC (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM ecsiddon@alaska.edu FU NOAA; North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) FX We thank the officers and crew of NOAA's RVs 'Miller Freeman' and 'Oscar Dyson'. Funding was provided through NOAA's NPCREP and EcoFOCI programs, as well as the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) Bering Sea Integrated Ecosystem Research Program (BSIERP). We thank 3 anonymous reviewers for providing helpful comments that improved the manuscript. This research is contribution EcoFOCI-0759 to NOAA's Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations, NPRB 285, and BEST-BSIERP 17. NR 54 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 12 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 426 BP 225 EP 239 DI 10.3354/meps09009 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 742ZO UT WOS:000288984400017 ER PT J AU Duffy, WG Bjorkstedt, EP Ellings, CS AF Duffy, Walter G. Bjorkstedt, Eric P. Ellings, Christopher S. TI Predation on Juvenile Pacific Salmon Oncorhynchus spp. in Downstream Migrant Traps in Prairie Creek, California SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID MARK-RECAPTURE ESTIMATION; COHO SALMON; CUTTHROAT TROUT; SMOLT POPULATION; ATLANTIC SALMON; LIFE-HISTORY; SURVIVAL; KISUTCH; WASHINGTON; HABITAT AB Downstream migrant traps are a widely applied fishery management tool for sampling anadromous Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. and steelhead O. mykiss smolts along the West Coast of North America and elsewhere, yet predation on juvenile salmonids in traps has not been studied quantitatively. We assessed the frequency of occurrence and abundance of juvenile salmonids in the stomachs of coastal cutthroat trout O. clarkii clarkii, coho salmon O. kisutch, steelhead, and prickly sculpin Cottus asper (> 70 mm fork length) captured in traps and in nearby stream habitats. All four predator species took juvenile salmonids with much greater frequency in traps than in stream habitats. Among free-swimming predators, only coastal cutthroat trout were observed with salmonid fry in their stomachs, but they took fewer salmonid prey and appeared to rely more heavily on insect prey than did coastal cutthroat trout captured in traps. Predators consumed up to 25% of the available prey over a broad range of prey abundances. Over the course of the study, predators consumed 2.5% of all salmonid fry captured in traps, but this fraction ranged from less than 1% to more than 10% in any given year. The number of prey taken in traps increased with predator length and with prey abundance in traps, and predation in traps peaked during the period of most intense downstream migration by salmon fry. In contrast, live-box design and trap location had little or no effect on the total number of prey taken by individual predators. We estimated that the predation mortality of juvenile salmon increased by 0.5-1.0% due to in-trap predation (i.e., a 9-10% relative increase over natural predation rates). We found no evidence that predators selected for prey on the basis of species. These results should motivate additional research on methods that reduce or eliminate predation in trap live-boxes and protocols for efficiently measuring predation associated with the trapping of downstream migrants. C1 [Duffy, Walter G.] Humboldt State Univ, US Geol Survey, Calif Cooperat Fish Res Unit, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Bjorkstedt, Eric P.] Humboldt State Univ, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Bjorkstedt, Eric P.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Fisheries Biol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Ellings, Christopher S.] Nisqually Indian Tribe, Nat Resources, Olympia, WA 98513 USA. RP Duffy, WG (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, US Geol Survey, Calif Cooperat Fish Res Unit, 1 Harpst St, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM walter.duffy@humboldt.edu FU Fisheries Ecology Division (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center); California Department of Fish and Game FX We thank Bethany Reisburger for help with field data collection and Rosemary Records for assistance with Figure 1. Barry Collins, Michael Sparkman, Brian Spence, Tommy Williams, and several anonymous reviewers provided comments that greatly improved the manuscript. Partial funding for this research was provided by the Fisheries Ecology Division (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center) and by the California Department of Fish and Game. The use of trade or firm names in this paper is for reader information only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government of any product or service. This is Contribution Number 1028 of the Fisheries Ecology Division of the National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2011 VL 31 IS 1 BP 151 EP 164 DI 10.1080/02755947.2011.562752 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 742QR UT WOS:000288960000003 ER PT J AU Roman, S Jacobson, N Cadrin, SX AF Roman, Sally Jacobson, Nikki Cadrin, Steven X. TI Assessing the Reliability of Fisher Self-Sampling Programs SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID CATCH AB The transition to catch share management for groundfish fisheries in the waters off the northeastern USA will require more monitoring than is presently obtained through traditional programs. Other types of at-sea reporting may be necessary to address data gaps and complement other sampling programs like the Northeast Fisheries Observer Program (NEFOP). Validation of fisher self-sampling programs, such as the study fleet program of the School for Marine Science and Technology (University of Massachusetts Dartmouth), provides another monitoring option to be used in conjunction with existing systems. In this paper, data from the study fleet program were compared with other fisheries-dependent data sources in the region. We tested for significant differences in catch at the trip, species, and haul levels by disposition (i.e., kept and discarded). Effort and length measurements for six commercial species were also analyzed. Catch results were mixed but similar for commercial species across comparisons. The study fleet program and NEFOP had consistent reporting in comparison with dealer landings, which are reported to the National Marine Fisheries Service by seafood dealers that are issued a federal permit to sell fish. For comparisons of catch at the haul level, there was a significant difference between NEFOP data and study fleet data; median differences were small, and the study fleet reported less catch. For commercial species, there was no significant difference in catch (except for kept catch) between the study fleet data and NEFOP data. Study fleet catch data were more comprehensive than logbook data (e.g., study fleet data included catch of bycatch species). Effort data from the study fleet were more accurate and precise than logbook data and were similar to NEFOP data. There was no statistical difference in length frequencies based on study fleet data and NEFOP data. C1 [Roman, Sally; Cadrin, Steven X.] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, NOAA, Cooperat Marine Educ & Res Program, Fairhaven, MA 02719 USA. RP Roman, S (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, NOAA, Cooperat Marine Educ & Res Program, 200 Mill Rd,Suite 325, Fairhaven, MA 02719 USA. EM sroman@umassd.edu FU Massachusetts Fisheries Recovery Commission; Massachusetts Marine Fisheries Institute; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA05NMF4721132, NA07NMF4720359] FX We thank the New Bedford fishing vessels that have participated in the study fleet project. Also, we thank the SMAST technicians and graduate students who contributed work to the project, especially David Martins and Crista Bank. The NEFSC study fleet program was a great source of information and collaboration. Thanks are extended to Fred Serchuk and other reviewers for their constructive reviews of the manuscript. Funding for the project was provided by grants from the Massachusetts Fisheries Recovery Commission, the Massachusetts Marine Fisheries Institute, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NA05NMF4721132 and NA07NMF4720359). NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2011 VL 31 IS 1 BP 165 EP 175 DI 10.1080/02755947.2011.562798 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 742QR UT WOS:000288960000004 ER PT J AU Simien, CE Brewer, SM Tan, JN Gillaspy, JD Sansonetti, CJ AF Simien, Clayton E. Brewer, Samuel M. Tan, Joseph N. Gillaspy, John D. Sansonetti, Craig J. TI Progress at NIST in measuring the D-lines of Li isotopes using an optical frequency synthesizer SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Precision Physics of Simple Atomic Systems CY MAY 30-JUN 04, 2010 CL Ecole de Physique, Les Houches, FRANCE HO Ecole de Physique ID HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; RESONANCE LINES; LITHIUM; SHIFTS; SPECTROSCOPY; FINE AB Precise spectroscopic experiments with light atoms can provide information about nuclear properties that are very difficult to obtain in electron scattering experiments. For example, relative nuclear radii of low-Z isotopes can be determined accurately from isotope shifts. Theory has attained sufficient accuracy to study exotic, short-lived halo nuclei by interpreting precise spectroscopic measurements. However, serious inconsistencies remain in the measured isotope shifts for the D1 and D2 lines of the stable isotopes (Li-6 and Li-7). The latest experiments, within the last decade, are in strong disagreement with each other and with theory. We report on the progress of a new experiment at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to measure these lithium D lines using an optical frequency comb. A preliminary result for the splitting isotope shift (SIS) is presented. C1 [Simien, Clayton E.; Brewer, Samuel M.; Tan, Joseph N.; Gillaspy, John D.; Sansonetti, Craig J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brewer, Samuel M.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Tan, JN (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.tan@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 89 IS 1 BP 59 EP 62 DI 10.1139/P10-096 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 709XP UT WOS:000286475000008 ER PT J AU Burns, TJ Mates, SP Rhorer, RL Whitenton, EP Basak, D AF Burns, Timothy J. Mates, Steven P. Rhorer, Richard L. Whitenton, Eric P. Basak, Debasis TI DYNAMIC PROPERTIES FOR MODELING AND SIMULATION OF MACHINING: EFFECT OF PEARLITE TO AUSTENITE PHASE TRANSITION ON FLOW STRESS IN AISI 1075 STEEL SO MACHINING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AISI 1075 steel; high-speed machining; Johnson-Cook model; split-Hopkinson pressure bar ID MATERIAL BEHAVIOR; STRAIN; RATES; IDENTIFICATION; SPECIMENS AB The Pulse-Heated Kolsky Bar Laboratory at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been developed for the measurement of dynamic properties of metals. With this system, a small sample can be pre-heated from room temperature to several hundred degrees C in less than a second, prior to rapid loading in compression at strain rates up to the order of 104 per second. A major focus of this research program has been on investigating the influence of the heating rate and time at temperature on the flow stress of carbon steels, for application to the modeling and simulation of high-speed machining operations. The unique pulse heating capability of the NIST Kolsky bar system enables flow stress measurements to be obtained under conditions that differ significantly from those in which the test specimens have been pre-heated to a high temperature more slowly, because there is less time for thermally activated microstructural processes such as dislocation annealing, grain growth, and solid state phase transformations to take place. New experimental results are presented on AISI 1075 pearlitic steel samples that were pulse-heated up to and beyond the austenite formation temperature of the material (723 degrees C). The data show that the flow stress decreased by about 50% due to a phase transformation in the microstructure of the material from the stronger pearlitic phase to the weaker austenitic phase. As a result, the constitutive response behavior of the material cannot be modeled by a fixed-parameter constitutive model, like the Johnson-Cook flow stress model that is widely used in computer simulations of high-speed machining processes. C1 [Burns, Timothy J.; Mates, Steven P.; Rhorer, Richard L.; Whitenton, Eric P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Basak, Debasis] Orbital Sci Corp, Dulles, VA USA. RP Burns, TJ (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8910, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM timothy.burns@nist.gov NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1091-0344 EI 1532-2483 J9 MACH SCI TECHNOL JI Mach. Sci. Technol. PY 2011 VL 15 IS 1 BP 1 EP 20 AR PII 935125154 DI 10.1080/10910344.2011.557943 PG 20 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 738TR UT WOS:000288665900001 ER PT J AU Mathai, PP Berglund, AJ Liddle, JA Shapiro, BA AF Mathai, Pramod P. Berglund, Andrew J. Liddle, J. Alexander Shapiro, Benjamin A. TI Simultaneous positioning and orientation of a single nano-object by flow control: theory and simulations SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED-CHARGE ELECTROPHORESIS; TRAPPED MICROSCOPIC PARTICLES; CONTROLLED ROTATION; METALLIC NANOWIRES; MULTIPLE PARTICLES; ARBITRARY PARTICLE; STOKES RESISTANCE; BROWNIAN-MOTION; VISCOUS-FLUID; MANIPULATION AB In this paper, we theoretically describe a method to simultaneously control both the position and orientation of single nano-objects in fluids by precisely controlling the flow around them. We develop and simulate a control law that uses electro-osmotic flow (EOF) actuation to translate and rotate rigid nano-objects in two spatial dimensions. Using EOF to control nano-objects offers advantages as compared to other approaches: a wide class of objects can be manipulated (no magnetic or electric dipole moments are needed), the object can be controlled over a long range (>100 mu m) with sub-micrometer accuracy, and control may be achieved with simple polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) devices. We demonstrate the theory and numerical solutions that will enable deterministic control of the position and orientation of a nano-object in solution, which can be used, for example, to integrate nanostructures in circuits and orient sensors to probe living cells. C1 [Mathai, Pramod P.; Berglund, Andrew J.; Liddle, J. Alexander] NIST, CNST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mathai, Pramod P.] UMD, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Shapiro, Benjamin A.] UMD, Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Mathai, PP (reprint author), NIST, CNST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM pramod.mathai@nist.gov RI Shapiro, Benjamin/H-6176-2011; Liddle, James/A-4867-2013 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 FU CNST-UMD FX We thank Peter Carmichael, Gregg Gallatin and Jabez McClelland, all affiliated with the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (CNST) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, USA and Matthew McMahon at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, West Bethesda, MD, USA (formerly at CNST), for stimulating discussions. We are grateful to Klint Rose at Lawrence Livermore National Labs, Livermore, CA, USA and Juan Santiago at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA for helpful discussions on induced charge electro-osmosis. We also acknowledge helpful discussions with Joseph Hubbard at NIST, Gaithersburg, MD, USA on fluid dynamics of nano-objects. The first author (PPM) was supported by the CNST-UMD cooperative grant. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 13 AR 013027 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/13/1/013027 PG 27 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 741YK UT WOS:000288903600027 ER PT J AU Pfister, GG Parrish, DD Worden, H Emmons, LK Edwards, DP Wiedinmyer, C Diskin, GS Huey, G Oltmans, SJ Thouret, V Weinheimer, A Wisthaler, A AF Pfister, G. G. Parrish, D. D. Worden, H. Emmons, L. K. Edwards, D. P. Wiedinmyer, C. Diskin, G. S. Huey, G. Oltmans, S. J. Thouret, V. Weinheimer, A. Wisthaler, A. TI Characterizing summertime chemical boundary conditions for airmasses entering the US West Coast SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; MOZAIC AIRBORNE PROGRAM; MEXICO-CITY EMISSIONS; AIR-QUALITY; OZONE POLLUTION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; NORTH-AMERICA; BACKGROUND OZONE; SURFACE OZONE; MODEL AB The objective of this study is to analyze the pollution inflow into California during summertime and how it impacts surface air quality through combined analysis of a suite of observations and global and regional models. The focus is on the transpacific pollution transport investigated by the NASA Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) mission in June 2008. Additional observations include satellite retrievals of carbon monoxide and ozone by the EOS Aura Tropospheric Emissions Spectrometer (TES), aircraft measurements from the MOZAIC program and ozonesondes. We compare chemical boundary conditions (BC) from the MOZART-4 global model, which are commonly used in regional simulations, with measured concentrations to quantify both the accuracy of the model results and the variability in pollution inflow. Both observations and model reflect a large variability in pollution inflow on temporal and spatial scales, but the global model captures only about half of the observed free tropospheric variability. Model tracer contributions show a large contribution from Asian emissions in the inflow. Recirculation of local US pollution can impact chemical BC, emphasizing the importance of consistency between the global model simulations used for BC and the regional model in terms of emissions, chemistry and transport. Aircraft measurements in the free troposphere over California show similar concentration ranges, variability and source contributions as free tropospheric air masses over ocean, but caution has to be taken that local pollution aloft is not misinterpreted as inflow. A flight route specifically designed to sample boundary conditions during ARCTAS-CARB showed a prevalence of plumes transported from Asia and thus may not be fully representative for average inflow conditions. Sensitivity simulations with a regional model with altered BCs show that the temporal variability in the pollution inflow does impact modeled surface concentrations in California. We suggest that time and space varying chemical boundary conditions from global models provide useful input to regional models, but likely still lead to an underestimate of peak surface concentrations and the variability associated with long-range pollution transport. C1 [Pfister, G. G.; Worden, H.; Emmons, L. K.; Edwards, D. P.; Wiedinmyer, C.; Weinheimer, A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Parrish, D. D.; Oltmans, S. J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Diskin, G. S.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Chem & Dynam Branch, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Huey, G.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Thouret, V.] CNRS, Lab Aerol, Toulouse, France. [Thouret, V.] Univ Toulouse, Toulouse, France. [Wisthaler, A.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion Phys & Appl Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RP Pfister, GG (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM pfister@ucar.edu RI Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008; Emmons, Louisa/R-8922-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Emmons, Louisa/0000-0003-2325-6212; FU INSU-CNRS (France); Meteo-France; Forschungszentrum (FZJ, Julich, Germany); NASA [NNX10AH45G, NNX08AD22G, NNX07AL57G]; National Science Foundation FX The authors like to acknowledge Ajith Kaduwela and Jeremy Avise (CARB) for providing emission estimates for California and Stu McKeen (NOAA ESRL) for support in using the EPA-NEI emissions inventory. We further acknowledge Jean-Francois Lamarque and Anne Boynard for providing valuable input to the manuscript. The authors further like to thank the reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions. Acetonitrile measurements were supported by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG-ALR) and the Tiroler Zukunftstiftung and carried out with the help/support of T. Mikoviny, M. Graus, A. Hansel and T. D. Maerk. The authors acknowledge the strong support of the European Commission, Airbus, and the Airlines (Lufthansa, Austrian, Air France) who carry free of charge the MOZAIC equipment and perform the maintenance since 1994. MOZAIC is presently funded by INSU-CNRS (France), Meteo-France, and Forschungszentrum (FZJ, Julich, Germany). The MOZAIC data based is supported by ETHER (CNES and INSU-CNRS). The research was supported by NASA grants NNX10AH45G, NNX08AD22G and NNX07AL57G. NCAR is operated by the University Corporation of Atmospheric Research under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. NR 59 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 22 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 4 BP 1769 EP 1790 DI 10.5194/acp-11-1769-2011 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 727JW UT WOS:000287795700026 ER PT J AU Lee, SS AF Lee, S. S. TI Dependence of aerosol-precipitation interactions on humidity in a multiple-cloud system SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DEEP CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; MICROPHYSICS PARAMETERIZATION; RESOLVING MODEL; PART I; STORMS; SIMULATIONS; RADIATION; IMPACTS; SENSITIVITY; DYNAMICS AB This study examines the dependence of aerosol-precipitation interactions on environmental humidity in a mesoscale cloud ensemble (MCE) which is composed of convective and stratiform clouds. The author found that increases in aerosol concentration enhance evaporative cooling, which raises not only the intensity of vorticity and entrainment but also that of downdrafts and low-level convergence. The increase in vorticity tends to suppress precipitation. The increase in low-level convergence tends to enhance precipitation by generating more secondary clouds in a muptiple-cloud system simulated here. At high humidity, the effect of the increased vorticity on cloud-liquid mass and, thus, precipitation is outweighed by that of the increased low-level convergence. This leads to the precipitation enhancement induced by the increase in aerosol concentration. When humidity lowers to mid humidity, the effect of aerosol on low-level convergence still dominates that on entrainment, leading to the precipitation enhancement with the increased aerosol concentration. With the lowest humidity in the current work, the effect of aerosol on entrainment dominates that on low-level convergence, leading to the precipitation suppression with the increased aerosol concentration. Hence, there is not only a competition between the effect of evaporation on vorticity and that on low-level convergence at a given humidity level but also the variation of the competition with the varying humidity. This competition and variation are absent in a single-cloud system where the effect of low-level convergence on secondary clouds is absent. This exemplifies a difference in the mechanism which controls aerosol-precipitation interactions between a single-cloud system and a multiple-cloud system. C1 NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Lee, SS (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. EM seoungl@umich.edu RI Lee, Seoung Soo/H-5383-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU NOAA's Climate Goal FX The author was funded by NOAA's Climate Goal. The author acknowledge the excellent support of NOAA's High Performance Computing Center at the Earth System Research Laboratory. Also, the author wish to thank Graham Feingold for valuable discussions and review of the manuscript. NR 50 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2179 EP 2196 DI 10.5194/acp-11-2179-2011 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 734VS UT WOS:000288368900021 ER PT J AU Goldberg, DN AF Goldberg, Daniel N. TI A variationally derived, depth-integrated approximation to a higher-order glaciological flow model SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ICE-SHEET DYNAMICS; GLACIER; ANTARCTICA; SENSITIVITY; ALGORITHM; SHELF AB An approximation to the first-order momentum balance with consistent boundary conditions is derived using variational methods. Longitudinal and lateral stresses are treated as depth-independent, but vertical velocity gradients are accounted for both in the nonlinear viscosity and in the treatment of basal stress, allowing for flow over a frozen bed. A numerical scheme is presented that is significantly less computationally expensive than that of a fully three-dimensional (3-D) solver. The numerical solver is subjected to the ISMIP-HOM experiments and experiments involving nonlinear sliding laws, and results are compared with those of 3-D models. The agreement with first-order surface velocities is favorable down to length scales of 10 km for flow over a flat bed with periodic basal traction, and similar to 40 km for flow over periodic basal topography. C1 Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Goldberg, DN (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM dgoldber@princeton.edu FU Princeton AOS/GFDL fellowship FX The author acknowledges the careful and insightful reviews of R. Hindmarsh, S. Price, J. Dukowicz and scientific editor C. Schoof. Additionally, O. Sergienko and D. Pollard gave helpful and insightful comments on earlier versions. This work was supported by a Princeton AOS/GFDL fellowship. NR 30 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 EI 1727-5652 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2011 VL 57 IS 201 BP 157 EP 170 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 736WT UT WOS:000288526400015 ER PT J AU Migdall, AL Degiovanni, IP Cheung, JY Polyakov, SV Fan, JY AF Migdall, Alan L. Degiovanni, Ivo Pietro Cheung, Jessica Y. Polyakov, Sergey V. Fan, Jingyun TI Single-photon technologies SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID SPECIAL-ISSUE; DETECTORS C1 [Migdall, Alan L.; Polyakov, Sergey V.; Fan, Jingyun] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Degiovanni, Ivo Pietro] INRIM, Turin, Italy. [Cheung, Jessica Y.] NPL, Teddington, Middx, England. RP Migdall, AL (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Degiovanni, Ivo Pietro/F-2140-2013 OI Degiovanni, Ivo Pietro/0000-0003-0332-3115 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2011 VL 58 IS 3-4 BP 169 EP 173 AR PII 934680594 DI 10.1080/09500340.2011.558254 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 733OQ UT WOS:000288272500001 ER PT J AU Marino, AM Lett, PD AF Marino, Alberto M. Lett, Paul D. TI Absolute calibration of photodiodes with bright twin beams SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Single Photon Technologies CY NOV, 2009 CL Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO HO Natl Inst Stand & Technol DE detector calibration; metrology; quantum correlations; parametric down conversion; four-wave mixing ID PARAMETRIC DOWN-CONVERSION; SINGLE-PHOTON DETECTORS; QUANTUM-EFFICIENCY; ANALOG DETECTORS; CORRELATED PHOTONS; DOWNCONVERSION; TIME AB We present a scheme based on the use of bright entangled twin beams for the calibration of analog photodiodes, providing an extension of the schemes for calibrating photon-counting detectors with photon pairs. Previous proposals for the calibration of analog photodiodes with entangled beams are based on a stimulated parametric process operating in the low-gain regime. We start by showing that in those proposals it is necessary to know the exact value of the gain as any error in estimating it will lead to an error in the calibration of the quantum efficiency. We then introduce a technique that is independent of the gain, thus eliminating the uncertainty introduced from errors in estimating the gain or experimental fluctuations of parameters that affect the gain. A proof of principle implementation of this technique using bright twin beams obtained from a four-wave mixing process in rubidium vapor shows its viability for the calibration of analog photodiodes. C1 [Marino, Alberto M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Marino, AM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM alberto.marino@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Marino, Alberto/C-7193-2013 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2011 VL 58 IS 3-4 BP 328 EP 336 AR PII 928124812 DI 10.1080/09500340.2010.519444 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 733OQ UT WOS:000288272500016 ER PT J AU Peckham, SH Maldonado-Diaz, D Tremblay, Y Ochoa, R Polovina, J Balazs, G Dutton, PH Nichols, WJ AF Hoyt Peckham, S. Maldonado-Diaz, David Tremblay, Yann Ochoa, Ruth Polovina, Jeffrey Balazs, George Dutton, Peter H. Nichols, Wallace J. TI Demographic implications of alternative foraging strategies in juvenile loggerhead turtles Caretta caretta of the North Pacific Ocean SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Demography; Ontogeny; Diet; Juvenile; Migration; Habitat use; Utilization distributions ID OLIVACEA SEA-TURTLES; BAJA-CALIFORNIA-SUR; MARINE TURTLES; LIFE-HISTORY; BEHAVIORAL PLASTICITY; SATELLITE TELEMETRY; LEATHERBACK TURTLES; PELAGIC HABITAT; FEEDING ECOLOGY; CHELONIA-MYDAS AB To assess the potential demographic consequences of alternative juvenile foraging strategies in loggerhead sea turtles Caretta caretta, we compared habitat selection, movement, size frequency, and diet of juvenile loggerheads in neritic versus oceanic habitats of the North Pacific. Forty juveniles satellite-tracked from neritic habitat revealed utilization distributions 2 orders of magnitude smaller than those of 26 juveniles of the same size class tracked for similar durations from oceanic habitat. Oceanic juveniles traveled significantly further, faster and straighter, experienced lower sea surface temperature and productivity, and consumed prey of much lower energy density, strongly suggesting that the neritic foraging strategy is energetically favorable. These findings combined with those from other studies suggest that the neritic strategy would result in higher growth and eventually higher fecundity. Manipulation of a loggerhead demographic model indicated that small disadvantages in survivorship for neritic juveniles could balance the relatively large advantages in growth and fecundity of the neritic strategy. The oceanic strategy may persist as a slower but safer life history strategy. Our findings underscore the importance of elucidating variation in the ecology and corresponding vital rates of juveniles for modeling, managing, and conserving migratory megafaunal populations. C1 [Hoyt Peckham, S.; Maldonado-Diaz, David; Ochoa, Ruth] Grp Tortuguero Californias, La Paz 23060, Baja Calif Sur, Mexico. [Hoyt Peckham, S.; Tremblay, Yann] UC Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Tremblay, Yann] Ctr Rech Halieut Mediterraneenne & Tropicale CRH, IRD, UMR Exploited Marine Ecosyst EME 212, F-34203 Sete, France. [Ochoa, Ruth] Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, La Paz 23090, Baja Calif Sur, Mexico. [Polovina, Jeffrey; Balazs, George] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Dutton, Peter H.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Nichols, Wallace J.] Calif Acad Sci, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. RP Peckham, SH (reprint author), Grp Tortuguero Californias, La Paz 23060, Baja Calif Sur, Mexico. EM hoyt@grupotortuguero.org FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation; NOAA Fisheries; Western Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Council; Project GLOBAL; PADI Foundation; TE Foundation; Wallace Research Foundation; School for Field Studies; Earth-watch Institute; ONR/National Oceanographic Partnership Program; ProPeninsula; CILS-NSF; UCMEXUS graduate fellowships FX We thank the fishers of Puerto Lopez Mateos, Santa Rosa and other Pacific BCS communities for their trust and partnership. We are very grateful to V. de la Toba, A. Gaos, J. Lucero, R. Rangel, J. Romero, N. Rossi, E. Caballero, V. Cordi, R. Donadi, D. Wingfield plus many others of Equipo ProCaguama and the Grupo Tortuguero for field assistance. We thank J. Seminoff and D. Parker of NMFS plus D. Costa and B. Block of TOPP for their support of the satellite telemetry, counsel, and encouragement. J. Estes, D. Croll, J. Estes, B. Wallace, and 2 anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript with helpful critiques. Research was authorized by the Mexican government through SEMARNAP and SEMARNAT permits 150496-213-03, 280597-213-03, 190698-213-03, 280499-213-03, 280700-213-03, SGPA/DGVS/002 4661, SGPA/DGVS/10358, and SGPA/DGVS/03501/06. Animal handling was in full compliance with CARC/IACUC protocol at UC Santa Cruz. This work was supported by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, NOAA Fisheries, Western Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Council, Project GLOBAL, PADI Foundation, T&E Foundation, Wallace Research Foundation, School for Field Studies, Earth-watch Institute, ONR/National Oceanographic Partnership Program and ProPeninsula. S.H.P. was supported with CILS-NSF, Project Global and UCMEXUS graduate fellowships and awards. NR 93 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 20 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 425 BP 269 EP 280 DI 10.3354/meps08995 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 735GG UT WOS:000288400800021 ER PT J AU Bryant, RA AF Bryant, Rodney A. TI Evaluating practical measurements of fire-induced vent flows with stereoscopic PIV SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Fire-induced flow; Particle image velocimetry; Flow measurement; Vent flow AB Stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (SPIV) was applied to a fire-induced doorway flow to provide the velocity field for computations of the mass flow rate of air into an enclosure. For a flow of uniform temperature and concentration, the technique met all of the requirements to provide the best estimate of the mass flow rate. Simultaneous measurements of vertical distributions of velocity and temperature were also conducted with conventional vent flow techniques, bi-directional probes and thermocouples. Correction factors for mass flow rate computations using the conventional techniques were determined based on comparisons to the SPIV results. An average correction factor of unity was determined for the bi-directional probe technique thus further confirming the utilization of velocity distributions acquired using the technique in mass flow rate computations. An average correction factor of 0.69 was determined for mass flow rates computed from vertical temperature distributions inside and outside the enclosure. This agrees with average correction factors determined in previous studies. The results from the present study suggest that the conventional techniques, which are practical and affordable for routine fire testing, may be applied with greater confidence for fires up to 500 kW. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bryant, RA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rodney.bryant@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2011 VL 33 BP 2481 EP 2487 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2010.06.105 PN 2 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 698XR UT WOS:000285629000095 ER PT J AU Takahashi, F Linteris, GT Katta, VR AF Takahashi, Fumiaki Linteris, Gregory T. Katta, Viswanath R. TI Extinguishment of methane diffusion flames by inert gases in coflow air and oxygen-enriched microgravity environments SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Diffusion flame stabilization; Spacecraft fire suppression; Microgravity combustion; Oxygen-enriched air; Reaction kernel ID CUP-BURNER FLAMES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; STABILIZATION; SUPPRESSION AB Extinguishment of laminar coflow diffusion flames in microgravity (mu g) have been studied experimentally and computationally. The mu g experiments were conducted using a methane cup-burner flame aboard the NASA Reduced-Gravity Aircraft. Transient computations with full methane chemistry and a gray-gas radiation model were performed to reveal the flame structure and extinguishment processes. In mu g, as an inert gas (N-2, He, or Ar) was added incrementally to the coflowing O-2-N-2 mixture with the initial oxygen volume fraction (XO2,ox) of 0.21 at 101 kPa or 0.3 at 70.3 kPa, the flame tip opened, and the flame base gradually lifted off the burner parallel to the axis until blowout. The predicted minimum extinguishing concentration (MEC) of each agent in the oxidizing stream was in a reasonable agreement with the measurement. The measured MEC was nearly independent of the mean oxidizer velocity. In mu g, the MEC for each diluent was nearly at a critical air-inertization point of the Coward-Jones flammability-limit curve (the maximum diluent concentration that sustains premixed combustion); whereas in earth gravity, studied previously, the flame prematurely blew off after oscillations at approximate to 70% of the critical condition. The maximum oxygen volume fractions at extinguishment (converted from the MECs) were nearly the same for XO2,ox = 0: 21 and 0.3 despite the different atmospheric pressures. The computation of the lifted flame with a sufficiently long fuel-oxidizer mixing time (approximate to 0.2 s) revealed that: (1) a peak reactivity spot (i.e., reaction kernel), formed in the flame base, broadened laterally, thereby supporting a super-lean reaction wing on the oxidizer side and a trailing diffusion flame on the fuel side; (2) the flammable mixture layer was, nevertheless, radially thin (approximate to 0.4 mm); and (3) the unburned mixture velocity at the flame base was comparable to the stoichiometric laminar flame speed found in the literature. (C) 2010 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Takahashi, Fumiaki] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Natl Ctr Space Explorat Res Fluids & Combust, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Linteris, Gregory T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Katta, Viswanath R.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. RP Takahashi, F (reprint author), NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Natl Ctr Space Explorat Res Fluids & Combust, MS 110-3,21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM fumiaki.takahashi-1@nasa.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU NASA Office of Biological and Physical Research; Exploration Technology Development Program Office FX This research was supported by the NASA Office of Biological and Physical Research and the Fire Prevention, Detection, and Suppression program in the Exploration Technology Development Program Office. Assistance by Jeffrey Taggart (Case Western Reserve University), Gary Ruff, James Withlow, and John Yaniec (NASA) in conducting the experiment are acknowledged. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2011 VL 33 BP 2531 EP 2538 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2010.06.086 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 698XR UT WOS:000285629000101 ER PT J AU Constantino, PJ Lee, JJW Lucas, PW Hartstone-Rose, A Dominy, NJ Cunningham, A Lawn, BR AF Constantino, Paul J. Lee, James J. -W. Lucas, Peter W. Hartstone-Rose, Adam Dominy, Nathaniel J. Cunningham, Andrew Lawn, Brian R. TI Paranthropus was not a sea otter: convergent adaptation to hard object feeding SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 80th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physical-Anthropologists CY APR 11-16, 2011 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Assoc Phys Anthropol C1 [Constantino, Paul J.] Marshall Univ, Dept Biol, Huntington, WV 25755 USA. [Lee, James J. -W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Lucas, Peter W.; Lawn, Brian R.] George Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, Ctr Adv Study Human Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Hartstone-Rose, Adam] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Altoona, PA USA. [Dominy, Nathaniel J.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Anthropol, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Cunningham, Andrew] Harvard Univ, Dept Human Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Hartstone-Rose, Adam/I-3503-2016 OI Hartstone-Rose, Adam/0000-0001-5307-5573 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PY 2011 VL 144 SU 52 BP 112 EP 112 PG 1 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 730LE UT WOS:000288034000153 ER PT J AU Prasad, K Yang, J AF Prasad, Kuldeep Yang, Jiann TI Vertical release of hydrogen in a partially enclosed compartment: Role of wind and buoyancy SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen; Dispersion; Wind; Analytical model ID NATURAL VENTILATION; FORCED PLUMES; FILLING BOX; LEAKAGE; CONVECTION AB The natural and wind driven mixing and dispersion of hydrogen released in an accidental manner in a partially enclosed compartment with two vents is investigated using theoretical tools. A simple analytical model is constructed to predict the entrainment of air in a buoyant turbulent hydrogen plume and the properties of the resulting two-layer stratification that drives the flow through the vents. Air flows in through vents below the position of neutral buoyancy and exits from vents above it. CFD simulations are conducted in a full-scale geometry to confirm the physical phenomena and to compare with the analytical results. Analytical results are also compared with experimental data from a 1/4 scale two-car residential garage. The analytical model is used to understand the important physical processes involved during hydrogen release as a vertical plume, and dispersion in a compartment with vents at multiple levels, with and without a steady wind. Parametric studies are conducted to study the effect of hydrogen release rate on location of the interface between the two layers and hydrogen volume fraction in the upper layer. Analytical model results indicate that for a given hydrogen release rate, the hydrogen concentration in the upper layer reaches a maximum under wind conditions that oppose the buoyancy induced flow, and that this maximum value can be as much as 70% higher than the case with no wind effects. Results also indicate that blowing outdoor air into the lower vent is an effective strategy for reducing the flammable volume of hydrogen gases in a compartment, following an accidental release. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Professor T. Nejat Veziroglu. C1 [Prasad, Kuldeep; Yang, Jiann] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Prasad, K (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8663, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kuldeep.prasad@nist.gov NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD JAN PY 2011 VL 36 IS 1 BP 1094 EP 1106 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.08.040 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 731JR UT WOS:000288102700118 ER PT J AU Fischer, J de Podesta, M Hill, KD Moldover, M Pitre, L Rusby, R Steur, P Tamura, O White, R Wolber, L AF Fischer, J. de Podesta, M. Hill, K. D. Moldover, M. Pitre, L. Rusby, R. Steur, P. Tamura, O. White, R. Wolber, L. TI Present Estimates of the Differences Between Thermodynamic Temperatures and the ITS-90 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Differences T-T-90; International Temperature Scale ITS-90; Primary thermometry; Thermodynamic temperature ID CONSTANT GAS THERMOMETRY; ACOUSTIC THERMOMETRY; RADIOMETRIC DETERMINATION; FREEZING POINTS; TRIPLE POINT; RANGE; SCALE; 660-DEGREES-C; REALIZATION; MERCURY AB At the request of the Consultative Committee for Thermometry (CCT), Working Group 4 (WG4) has critically reviewed all available measurements of the differences between thermodynamic and ITS-90 temperatures, (T - T (90)), and documented the conversion of older data to the ITS-90. Particular attention has been given to the uncertainties. Based on this review, we provide consensus estimates of T - T (90) for selected measurements from 0.65 K to 1358 K. We provide two analytic functions for T - T (90), one for use from 8 K to the triple point of water (T (TPW)) and one for use above T (TPW). The small discontinuity of the derivative dT (90)/d T at T (TPW) is discussed. We also identify temperature ranges where researchers are encouraged to undertake high-accuracy measurements of T - T (90). C1 [Fischer, J.; Wolber, L.] PTB, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. [de Podesta, M.; Rusby, R.] NPL, Teddington, Middx, England. [Hill, K. D.] NRC, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Moldover, M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pitre, L.] LNE INM CNAM, Paris, France. [Steur, P.] INRiM, Turin, Italy. [Tamura, O.] AIST, NMIJ, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [White, R.] MSL, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. RP Fischer, J (reprint author), PTB, Abbestr 2-12, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. EM joachim.fischer@ptb.de RI Moldover, Michael/E-6384-2013; OI pitre, laurent/0000-0001-9885-7544 NR 49 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X EI 1572-9567 J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 32 IS 1-2 BP 12 EP 25 DI 10.1007/s10765-011-0922-1 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 733HX UT WOS:000288254900002 ER PT J AU Zhang, GF Doviak, RJ Zrnic, DS Palmer, R Lei, L Al-Rashid, Y AF Zhang, Guifu Doviak, Richard J. Zrnic, Dusan S. Palmer, Robert Lei, Lei Al-Rashid, Yasser TI Polarimetric Phased-Array Radar for Weather Measurement: A Planar or Cylindrical Configuration? SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPACED-ANTENNA INTERFEROMETRY; REFLECTIVITY AB This paper suggests a cylindrical configuration for agile beam polarimetric phased-array radar (PPAR) for weather surveillance. The most often used array configuration for PAR is a planar array antenna. The planar configuration, however, has significant deficiencies for polarimetric measurements, as well as other limitations, such as increases in beamwidth, decreases of sensitivity, and changes in the polarization basis when the beam scans off its broadside. The cylindrical polarimetric phased-array radar (CPPAR) is proposed to avoid these deficiencies. The CPPAR principle and potential performance are demonstrated through theoretical analysis and simulation. It is shown that the CPPAR has the advantage of a scan-invariant polarization basis, and thus avoids the inherent limitations of the planar PPAR (i.e., PPPAR). C1 [Zhang, Guifu; Doviak, Richard J.; Zrnic, Dusan S.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Zhang, Guifu; Doviak, Richard J.; Zrnic, Dusan S.; Lei, Lei] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Zhang, Guifu; Palmer, Robert; Lei, Lei] Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Doviak, Richard J.; Zrnic, Dusan S.; Palmer, Robert] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Al-Rashid, Yasser] Lockheed Martin Corp, Moorestown, NJ USA. RP Zhang, GF (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Suite 5900, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM guzhang1@ou.edu RI Zhang, Guifu/M-3178-2014 OI Zhang, Guifu/0000-0002-0261-2815 FU NOAA/NSSL [NA17RJ1227/NA080AR4320886]; NSF [ATM-0608168] FX This work is supported with funding provided by NOAA/NSSL under the Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227/NA080AR4320886 and a NSF Grant ATM-0608168. NR 26 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 28 IS 1 BP 63 EP 73 DI 10.1175/2010JTECHA1470.1 PG 11 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 729ZJ UT WOS:000287992900005 ER PT J AU Hwang, CH Lock, A Bundy, M Johnsson, E Ko, GH AF Hwang, Cheol-Hong Lock, Andrew Bundy, Matthew Johnsson, Erik Ko, Gwon Hyun TI Effects of Fuel Location and Distribution on Full-Scale Underventilated Compartment Fires SO JOURNAL OF FIRE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE compartment fire; underventilated fire; fuel distribution; ISO 9705 room; heptane ID ENCLOSURE FIRES; LIMITED VENTILATION; COMBUSTION; GENERATION; GROWTH; SMOKE; ROOM AB An experimental study was conducted to investigate the effects of fuel location and distribution on full-scale underventilated compartment fires in an ISO 9705 room. Heptane fuel was burned in three different fuel distributions: single centered burner (SCB), single rear burner (SRB), and two distributed burner (TDB). It was experimentally observed that variations in fuel placement did not significantly affect the global steady state underventilated fire characteristics such as fuel mass loss rate, heat release rate, combustion efficiency, global equivalence ratio, and global CO emission outside the compartment for these simple distributions. Supplemental numerical simulations reveal that the local characteristics of thermal and chemical environments depend on the fuel placement between the front and rear region inside the compartment. At the front region, the local fire characteristics were nearly the same regardless of fuel placement. Changes in fuel location and distribution resulted in changes in temperature, total heat flux, CO(2), and CO volume fraction at the rear region. Burner placement led to changes in the mixture fraction, flow dynamics, and variations in CO production in the back of the compartment. C1 [Lock, Andrew; Bundy, Matthew; Johnsson, Erik] NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hwang, Cheol-Hong] Daejeon Univ, Dept Fire & Disaster Prevent, Taejon 300716, South Korea. [Ko, Gwon Hyun] Dongyang Univ, Dept Architecture & Fire Adm, Yongju 750711, South Korea. RP Lock, A (reprint author), NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8663, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andrew.lock@nist.gov FU Korean Government (MOEHRD) [KRF-2007-357-D00028] FX The authors thank Richard Harris, Kevin McGrattan and Bryan Klein for helpful discussions and Lauren DeLauter, Doris Reinhart, Tony Chakalis, and Kelly Opert for their technical assistance. C. -H. Hwang gratefully acknowledges support from a Korean Research Foundation Grant funded through the Korean Government (MOEHRD) (KRF-2007-357-D00028). NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0734-9041 J9 J FIRE SCI JI J. Fire Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 29 IS 1 BP 21 EP 52 DI 10.1177/0734904110372119 PG 32 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 714JB UT WOS:000286804800002 ER PT J AU Wu, JC Martin, AF Kacker, RN AF Wu, Jin Chu Martin, Alvin F. Kacker, Raghu N. TI Measures, Uncertainties, and Significance Test in Operational ROC Analysis SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biometrics; bootstrap; confidence interval; fingerprint; ROC analysis; significance test; standard error; uncertainty ID BOOTSTRAP CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; SAMPLE-SIZE; CHARACTERISTIC CURVES; FINGERPRINT DATA; AREAS AB In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the sampling variability can result in uncertainties of performance measures. Thus, while evaluating and comparing the performances of algorithms, the measurement uncertainties must be taken into account. The key issue is how to calculate the uncertainties of performance measures in ROC analysis. Our ultimate goal is to perform the significance test in evaluation and comparison using the standard errors computed. From the operational perspective, based on fingerprint-image matching algorithms on large datasets, the measures and their uncertainties are investigated in the three scenarios: 1) the true accept rate (TAR) of genuine scores at a specified false accept rate (FAR) of impostor scores, 2) the TAR and FAR at a given threshold, and 3) the equal error rate. The uncertainties of measures are calculated using the nonparametric two-sample bootstrap based on our extensive studies of bootstrap variability on large datasets. The significance test is carried out to determine whether the difference between the performance of one algorithm and a hypothesized value, or the difference between the performances of two algorithms where the correlation is taken into account is statistically significant. Examples are provided. C1 [Wu, Jin Chu; Martin, Alvin F.; Kacker, Raghu N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wu, JC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jinchu.wu@nist.gov; alvin.martin@nist.gov; raghu.kacker@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 30 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 116 IS 1 BP 517 EP 537 DI 10.6028/jres.116.003 PG 21 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 734FY UT WOS:000288321200003 PM 26989582 ER PT J AU Cox, MJ Borchers, DL Demer, DA Cutter, GR Brierley, AS AF Cox, Martin J. Borchers, David L. Demer, David A. Cutter, George R. Brierley, Andrew S. TI Estimating the density of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) from multi-beam echo-sounder observations using distance sampling methods SO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES C-APPLIED STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Acoustic; Antarctic krill; Distance sampling; Multi-beam echo-sounder ID FISHERIES ACOUSTICS; SOUTH-GEORGIA; BIOMASS AB Antarctic krill is a key species in the Antarctic food web, an important prey item for marine predators and a commercial fishery resource. Although single-beam echo-sounders are commonly used to survey the species, multi-beam echo-sounders may be more efficient because they sample a larger volume of water. However, multi-beam echo-sounders may miss animals because they involve lower energy densities. We adapt distance sampling theory to deal with this and to estimate krill density and biomass from a multi-beam echo-sounder survey. The method provides a general means for estimating density and biomass from multi-beam echo-sounder data. C1 [Cox, Martin J.] Univ St Andrews, Gatty Marine Lab, Pelag Ecol Res Grp, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. [Demer, David A.; Cutter, George R.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Cox, MJ (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Gatty Marine Lab, Pelag Ecol Res Grp, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. EM mjc16@st-and.ac.uk RI Brierley, Andrew/G-8019-2011 OI Brierley, Andrew/0000-0002-6438-6892 FU Royal Society; UK Natural Environment Research Council; National Science Foundation [06-OPP-33939] FX We thank the Royal Society for funds enabling deployment of the MBE, Simrad USA, particularly J. Condiotty, for the loan of the SM20, and D. Needham and M. Patterson of Sea Technology Services for designing and constructing the MBE transducer mount. We are grateful to the US Antarctic Marine Living Resources Program; the Master, officers and crew of the RV Yuzhmorgeologiya and the personnel at the Cape Shirreff field station for logistical, equipment and ship support. MJC was supported by a UK Natural Environment Research Council doctoral studentship. This work was carried out in association with a National Science Foundation funded (grant 06-OPP-33939) investigation of the Livingston Island near-shore environment. A National Science Foundation grant was held by DAD and J. D. Warren of the School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, USA. We are grateful to E. Rexstad and T. Marques for both the provision of R code and helpful discussions of distance sampling theory for MBE surveys. We thank A. Jenkins, T. S. Sessions and M. van den Berg for skippering the near-shore boats and T. S. Sessions for providing invaluable expertise in the field. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9254 J9 J R STAT SOC C-APPL JI J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. C-Appl. Stat. PY 2011 VL 60 BP 301 EP 316 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9876.2010.00748.x PN 2 PG 16 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 730EX UT WOS:000288017300009 ER PT J AU Baumgartner, MF Lysiak, NSJ Schuman, C Urban-Rich, J Wenzel, FW AF Baumgartner, Mark F. Lysiak, Nadine S. J. Schuman, Carrie Urban-Rich, Juanita Wenzel, Frederick W. TI Diel vertical migration behavior of Calanus finmarchicus and its influence on right and sei whale occurrence SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Calanus finmarchicus; Eubalaena glacialis; Balaenoptera borealis; Right whale; Sei whale; Video plankton recorder; Optical plankton counter; Gulf of Maine ID ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALES; OPTICAL PLANKTON COUNTER; GREAT SOUTH CHANNEL; BALAENOPTERA-BOREALIS; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; MARINE COPEPODS; LIFE-HISTORY; GEORGES BANK; ZOOPLANKTON; GULF AB Diel vertical migration (DVM) by herbivorous copepods likely has a profound effect on the behavior and ecology of copepod predators. We characterized the DVM behavior of late-stage Calanus finmarchicus in the southwestern Gulf of Maine during the spring seasons of 2005 to 2007, and investigated the influence of this behavior on the occurrence of zooplanktivorous baleen whales. On 5 occasions, we occupied an oceanographic station for 1 to 2 d and conducted (1) a half-hourly census of whales and (2) a half-hourly cast with an instrument package measuring temperature, salinity, chlorophyll fluorescence, and copepod abundance. We observed significant variability in DVM behavior both within and among years that was unrelated to stratification or chlorophyll concentration. Instead, DVM appeared to be influenced by the vertical distribution of phytoplankton, the presence of visual predators (sand lance Ammodytes spp.), copepod developmental stage, and the feeding history of individual copepods. Migrating copepods had oil sacs that were 44% larger than non-migrating copepods at the surface after accounting for developmental stage, which suggests that well-fed copepods are more likely to vertically migrate. While the occurrence of North Atlantic right whales Eubalaena glacialis was unrelated to variability in the migration behavior of C. finmarchicus, sei whales Balaenoptera borealis were significantly less abundant during times of strong DVM behavior. We speculate that right whales do not compete directly with sand lance and herring for C. finmarchicus, but by inducing DVM behavior, these fish are likely influencing the distribution and abundance of sei whales in the southwestern Gulf of Maine. C1 [Baumgartner, Mark F.; Lysiak, Nadine S. J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Schuman, Carrie; Urban-Rich, Juanita] Univ Massachusetts, Environm Earth & Ocean Sci Dept, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Schuman, Carrie] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, Provasoli Guillard Natl Ctr Culture Marine Phytop, W Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 USA. [Wenzel, Frederick W.] NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Baumgartner, MF (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM mbaumgartner@whoi.edu FU NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Naval Research; WHOI Ocean Life Institute; WHOI FX We are indebted to the following people for the loan of equipment and assistance in both the field and in the laboratory: captain and crew of the NOAA ship 'Albatross IV', M. Taylor, D. Mountain, B. Mate, M. Swartz, M. Patrician, and visual observers I. Biedron, R. Dore, H. C. Esch, S. Gaylord, N. Gilles, E. Josephson, B. Lentell, N. Lysiak, S. Mussoline, J. Nicolas, R. Pace, M. Phillips, D. Potter, S. Quinn, C. Tremblay, and E. Vu. Funding for this study was provided by NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Naval Research Marine Mammals and Biology Program, the WHOI Ocean Life Institute, and the WHOI John E. and Anne W. Sawyer Endowed Fund. We dedicate this work to the memory of our good friend and colleague, John Nicolas, who will be sorely missed. NR 63 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 21 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 423 BP 167 EP 184 DI 10.3354/meps08931 PG 18 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 729QO UT WOS:000287965900015 ER PT J AU Soldevilla, MS Wiggins, SM Hildebrand, JA Oleson, EM Ferguson, MC AF Soldevilla, Melissa S. Wiggins, Sean M. Hildebrand, John A. Oleson, Erin M. Ferguson, Megan C. TI Risso's and Pacific white-sided dolphin habitat modeling from passive acoustic monitoring SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Risso's dolphin; Grampus griseus; Pacific white-sided dolphin; Lagenorhynchus obliquidens; Habitat model; Generalized additive model; Passive acoustic monitoring; Southern California Bight ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BIGHT; SPERM-WHALE DISTRIBUTION; GULF-OF-MEXICO; GRAMPUS-GRISEUS; ENVIRONMENTAL-MODELS; POPULATION-DENSITY; CETACEAN HABITATS; NORTHWEST AFRICA; ABUNDANCE; ECHOLOCATION AB Habitat characterization allows prediction of dolphin distributions in response to oceanographic processes and can be used to understand and predict effects of anthropogenic disturbances. Many habitat models focus on contemporary dolphin occurrence and environmental predictor data, but time-lagged oceanographic data may increase a model's predictive power due to ecological successional processes. Using hourly occurrence of Risso's dolphin Grampus griseus clicks and 2 types of Pacific white-sided dolphin Lagenorhynchus obliquidens clicks in autonomous passive acoustic recordings, we investigate the importance of time-lagged predictor variables with generalized additive models. These models relate dolphin acoustic activity from recordings at 6 sites in the Southern California Bight between August 2005 and December 2007 to oceanographic variables including sea surface temperature (SST), SST coefficient of variation (CV), sea surface chlorophyll concentration (chl), chl CV, upwelling indices, and solar and lunar temporal indices. The most consistently selected variables among the trial models evaluated during cross-validation were SST (100% of models) and SST CV (80%) for Risso's dolphin clicks; solar indices (100%) and SST and SST CV (60% each) for Pacific white-sided type A (PWS A) clicks; and SST CV (100%), solar indices (100%) and SST (80%) for Pacific white-sided type B (PWS B) clicks. Best predictive models for Risso's dolphins and PWS A clicks included time-lagged variables, suggesting the importance of ecological succession between abiotic variables and dolphin occurrence, while best models of PWS B clicks were for current conditions, suggesting association with prey-aggregating features such as fronts and eddies. C1 [Soldevilla, Melissa S.; Wiggins, Sean M.; Hildebrand, John A.; Oleson, Erin M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Oleson, Erin M.] NOAA, NMFS, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Ferguson, Megan C.] NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Soldevilla, MS (reprint author), Duke Univ, Marine Lab, 135 Duke Marine Lab Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM melissa.soldevilla@duke.edu FU ARCS Foundation, Los Angeles; Naval Postgraduate School FX The authors thank all the personnel who were involved in instrument development, deployment, recovery and data acquisition including: S. Baumann, H. Basset, C. Berchock, G. S. Campbell, G. Crocker, C. Garsha, M. Gassmann, E. E. Henderson, M. F. McKenna, L. M. Munger, E. H. Roth, N. Rubio, L. E. Williams, and B. Hurley. M. Kahru provided remote satellite data and software support. J. P. Barlow, S. Baumann, D. M. Checkley, B. Cornuelle, E. E. Henderson, L. M. Munger, B. Rao, J. V. Redfern, M. A. Roch and 4 anonymous reviewers provided insightful discussions and/or constructive critique of earlier versions of this manuscript. We thank the ARCS Foundation, Los Angeles chapter for supporting M. S. S. and F. Stone, E. Young, and C. Collins for supporting our work through the Navy CNO-N45 and the Naval Postgraduate School. NR 66 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 15 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 423 BP 247 EP U267 DI 10.3354/meps08927 PG 21 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 729QO UT WOS:000287965900021 ER PT J AU Lammers, MO Fisher-Pool, PI Au, WWL Meyer, CG Wong, KB Brainard, RE AF Lammers, Marc O. Fisher-Pool, Pollyanna I. Au, Whitlow W. L. Meyer, Carl G. Wong, Kevin B. Brainard, Russell E. TI Humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae song reveals wintering activity in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Humpback whale; Acoustics; Hawaiian Islands; Wintering grounds; Ecological acoustic recorder; EAR ID NORTH PACIFIC; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; WATERS; MIGRATION; MOVEMENTS; HABITAT AB The main Hawaiian Islands (MHI) are the principal breeding ground for humpback whales in the North Pacific. Over the past 3 decades, population recovery from whaling-era losses has resulted in a steady increase in the number of whales wintering in Hawaiian waters and a geographic expansion of their distribution in the MHI. Until recently, no existing evidence showed that this expansion included the islands, atolls, and banks of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). To better understand the occurrence of humpback whales in the NWHI, 9 ecological acoustic recorders (EARs) were deployed at sites throughout the archipelago to record the occurrence of humpback whale song, an indicator of winter breeding activity. Song was found to be prevalent at Maro Reef, Lisianski Island, and French Frigate Shoals but was also recorded at Kure Atoll, Midway Atoll, and Pearl and Hermes Atoll. Both the timing and abundance of song at several locations closely followed trends observed on Oahu, which is one of the MHI, strongly suggesting that humpback whales use the NWHI as a wintering area. This finding is of particular relevance in light of recent suggestions that, based on photo-identification data, a yet undocumented wintering area exists somewhere in the central North Pacific. We propose that the NWHI could be that area. C1 [Lammers, Marc O.; Au, Whitlow W. L.; Meyer, Carl G.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Lammers, Marc O.; Fisher-Pool, Pollyanna I.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Wong, Kevin B.; Brainard, Russell E.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. RP Lammers, MO (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, 46-007 Lilipuna Rd, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. EM lammers@hawaii.edu FU NOAA/HIMB; NOAA FX We thank K. McCoy, N. Pomeroy, and A. Rosinski for their assistance with data processing and the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center's Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED) Oceanography team for their help deploying and recovering EARs. We also thank K. Sexton and M. Richlen for their roles in manufacturing EARs and L. Munger for reviewing an earlier draft of this manuscript. This work was supported by the NOAA/HIMB Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Partnership Program and the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program. This is Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology publication number 1390. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 18 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 423 BP 261 EP 268 DI 10.3354/meps08959 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 729QO UT WOS:000287965900022 ER PT J AU Willis, Z Manley, J AF Willis, Zdenka Manley, Justin TI IOOS: From Integrated to Interdependent and Indispensable SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Willis, Zdenka] NOAA, Integrated Ocean Observing Syst Program, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Willis, Z (reprint author), NOAA, Integrated Ocean Observing Syst Program, Washington, DC 20230 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 45 IS 1 BP 4 EP 6 PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 732NN UT WOS:000288192300001 ER PT J AU Levy, JM Snowden, D Clark, C Crane, K Diamond, HJ Goodrich, D Johnson, M Miller, CD Murray, W Piotrowicz, SR Stanitski, D AF Levy, Joel M. Snowden, Derrick Clark, Candyce Crane, Kathleen Diamond, Howard J. Goodrich, David Johnson, Mike Miller, Christopher D. Murray, William Piotrowicz, Stephen R. Stanitski, Diane TI The Global Ocean Observing Component of IOOS: Implementation of the Initial Global Ocean Observing System for Climate and the Path Forward SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE climate; ocean; observation; GCOS; IOOS AB The global ocean observing system for climate, which comprises the global in situ component of the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System, has now achieved about 61% of its initial design goal. Although this observing system, implemented cooperatively by over 70 countries worldwide, serves multiple applications, it is designed primarily to address climate requirements defined by the international global Climate Observing System. The U.S. contribution to the system, described here, is implemented as and interdependent set of observational-Subsystems that constitute about half of the over 8,000 observing platforms deployed by the world community. Although much work remains to complete the initial global observing system, scientific advances of the past decade have identified the need to deploy a second generation system that integrates biogeo-chemical and ecological-observations with the primarily physical and carbon-related oceanographic observations the from the backbone of the initial observing system. C1 [Levy, Joel M.; Snowden, Derrick; Clark, Candyce; Crane, Kathleen; Goodrich, David; Johnson, Mike; Miller, Christopher D.; Murray, William; Piotrowicz, Stephen R.; Stanitski, Diane] NOAA, Climate Observat Div, Climate Program Off, Silver Spring, MD 20902 USA. [Diamond, Howard J.] NOAAs Natl Climat Data Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Levy, JM (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Observat Div, Climate Program Off, 1100 Wayne Ave,Suite 1202, Silver Spring, MD 20902 USA. EM Joel.Levy@noaa.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 45 IS 1 BP 9 EP 18 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 732NN UT WOS:000288192300003 ER PT J AU Ragsdale, R Vowinkel, E Porter, D Hamilton, P Morrison, R Kohut, J Connell, B Kelsey, H Trowbridge, P AF Ragsdale, Rob Vowinkel, Eric Porter, Dwayne Hamilton, Pixie Morrison, Ru Kohut, Josh Connell, Bob Kelsey, Heath Trowbridge, Phil TI Successful Integration Efforts in Water Quality From the Integrated Ocean Observing System Regional Associations and the National Water Quality Monitoring Network SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE water quality; 100S (R); National Water Quality Monitoring Network AB The Integrated Ocean Observing System (100S (R)) Regional Associations and Interagency Partners hosted a water quality workshop in January 2010 to discuss issues of nutrient enrichment and dissolved oxygen depletion (hypoxia), harmful algal blooms (HABs), and beach water quality. In 2007, the National Water Quality Monitoring Council piloted demonstration projects as part of the National Water Monitoring Council piloted demonstration projects as part of the National Water Quality Monitoring Network (Network) for U.S. Coastal Waters and their Tributaries in three IOOS Regional Associations, and these projects are ongoing. Examples of integrated science-based solutions to water quality issues of major concern from the IOOS regions and Network demonstration projects are explored in this article. These examples illustrate instances where management decisions have benefited from decision-support tools that make use of interoperable data. Gaps, challenges, and outcomes are identified, and a proposal is made for future work toward a multi-regional water quality project for beach water quality. C1 [Ragsdale, Rob] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Integrated Ocean Observing Syst Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Porter, Dwayne] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Kohut, Josh] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. [Connell, Bob] New Jersey Dept Environm Protect, Trenton, NJ USA. [Kelsey, Heath] Univ Maryland, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Environm Sci, Cooperat Oxford Lab, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Trowbridge, Phil] New Hampshire Dept Environm Serv, Concord, NH USA. RP Ragsdale, R (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Integrated Ocean Observing Syst Program, 1100 Wayne Ave,Suite 1225, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Rob.Ragsdale@noaa.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 45 IS 1 BP 19 EP 28 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 732NN UT WOS:000288192300004 ER PT J AU Ostrander, CE Seim, H Smith, E Studer, B Luscher-Aissauoi, A Fletcher, C AF Ostrander, Chris E. Seim, Harvey Smith, Elizabeth Studer, Ben Luscher-Aissauoi, Audra Fletcher, Chip TI Contributions of the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System to National and Regional Coastal Hazards and Resources Information, Tools, and Services SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB A changing climate, coupled with increasing development and population growth within the coastal margins of the United States, presents a growing threat to coastal populations, ecosystems, and infrastructure associated with chronic and catastrophic coastal hazards and a growing reliance on coastal resources. The U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS (R)) provides a unique capability to observe the coastal and open ocean waters of the United States and provide value-added, customized data tools, products, and services to inform decision making related to coastal hazards and resources management, assessment, and risk by individuals, resource managers, policy makers, and local agencies. Increasingly, the partnership of IOOS Regional Associations with the U.S. IOOS Program Office has the capacity to provide critical observational and scientific information needed to inform coastal planning and management efforts related to some of the most pressing problems facing our coastal zone: namely, impacts of a changing climate on coastal communities and ecosystems, sea level rise, and the competing and often-times conflicting uses of our coastal zone that necessitate integrated Coastal and Marine Spatial Planning. Discussed herein are three examples of regional IOOS capacity to provide information related to beach safety, coastal inundation, and marine spatial planning. C1 [Ostrander, Chris E.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Pacific Islands Ocean Observing Syst PacIOOS, Honolulu, HI 96821 USA. [Seim, Harvey] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Smith, Elizabeth] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Luscher-Aissauoi, Audra] NOAA Coastal Serv Ctr, Coastal Storms Program, Washington, DC USA. RP Ostrander, CE (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Pacific Islands Ocean Observing Syst PacIOOS, 1680 East West Rd,POST 105, Honolulu, HI 96821 USA. EM chriso@hawaii.edu RI Ostrander, Chris/B-2890-2009 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 45 IS 1 BP 29 EP 38 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 732NN UT WOS:000288192300005 ER PT J AU Gouldman, C Wiegardt, M Cudd, S Geubtner, J AF Gouldman, Carl Wiegardt, Mark Cudd, Sue Geubtner, Jessica TI United States Integrated Ocean Observing System and the Shellfish Growers Partnership SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE IOOS; shellfish growers; integrated ocean observing system partnership; ocean acidification; oyster hatchery AB This scientific note provides a summary of a new partnership developing between two groups who have found a common area of interest focused on the value of building a better network for real-time coastal ocean observing data and information and how such a network may inform research on ocean acidification. The note examines the development of the partnership over the past year, which is providing mutually beneficial opportunities for interaction. Shellfish growers are able to learn about a federal and regional framework providing integrated data along our coasts, and the Integrated Ocean Observing System program is able to learn directly from-one of its stakeholders who demonstrates the clear economic and scientific value of coastal, ocean, and great Lakes observing systems. By working to support research on ocean acidification. C1 [Gouldman, Carl; Geubtner, Jessica] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Integrated Ocean Observing Syst Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Wiegardt, Mark; Cudd, Sue] Whiskey Creek Shellfish Hatchery, Tillamook, OR USA. RP Gouldman, C (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Integrated Ocean Observing Syst Program, 1100 Wayne Ave,Suite 1225, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM carl.gouldman@noaa.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 45 IS 1 BP 39 EP 42 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 732NN UT WOS:000288192300006 ER PT J AU Van Doornik, DM Waples, RS Baird, MC Moran, P Berntson, EA AF Van Doornik, Donald M. Waples, Robin S. Baird, Melissa C. Moran, Paul Berntson, Ewann A. TI Genetic Monitoring Reveals Genetic Stability within and among Threatened Chinook Salmon Populations in the Salmon River, Idaho SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC SALMON; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; CONSERVATION GENETICS; SNAKE RIVER; SIZE; SUPPLEMENTATION; MICROSATELLITE; VARIABILITY; DIVERSITY; EVOLUTION AB Identifying and understanding temporal genetic changes within fish populations is important for the management of these populations, especially those of conservation concern. Such changes are often the result of genetic drift, which can be exacerbated when the size of a population decreases. Using molecular-genetics techniques, we monitored nine populations of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the Salmon River, Idaho, to determine how the genetic characteristics within and among these populations have changed over time. We found no evidence of change in the level of heterozygosity or allelic richness over three to four generations in eight of the populations. This is probably due to the fact that the populations all maintained a sufficiently large effective size, even though a few of the populations did show a decline in effective size. Also, the genetic structure among the populations did not change appreciably over time. Populations that had been supplemented with hatchery-reared fish showed genetic similarity to the within-basin hatchery source population, presumably because of the extensive use of native fish for hatchery brood stocks and minimal out-of-basin stock transfers. The lack of a detectable decline in these populations' levels of genetic diversity is encouraging, given the species' threatened status under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. C1 [Van Doornik, Donald M.; Berntson, Ewann A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Manchester Res Lab, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. [Waples, Robin S.; Baird, Melissa C.; Moran, Paul] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Van Doornik, DM (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Manchester Res Lab, POB 130, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. EM don.vandoornik@noaa.gov RI Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 FU Bonneville Power Administration FX The authors thank personnel from the Idaho Department of Fish and Game, Nez Perce Tribe, and Shoshone-Bannock Tribes for assistance with sample collecting, and the Bonneville Power Administration for providing funding for this project. NR 56 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2011 VL 31 IS 1 BP 96 EP 105 DI 10.1080/02755947.2011.562443 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 733RF UT WOS:000288279800011 ER PT J AU Ebell, K Crewell, S Lohnert, U Turner, DD O'Connor, EJ AF Ebell, Kerstin Crewell, Susanne Loehnert, Ulrich Turner, David D. O'Connor, Ewan J. TI Cloud statistics and cloud radiative effect for a low-mountain site SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE clouds; radiation; remote sensing ID LIQUID WATER PATH; MIDLATITUDE CONTINENTAL CLOUDS; CLIMATE-RESEARCH-FACILITY; SGP CENTRAL FACILITY; SOLAR ZENITH ANGLE; MEASUREMENT-PROGRAM; MICROWAVE RADIOMETERS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; LIDAR CEILOMETER; SURFACE ALBEDO AB In 2007, the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Mobile Facility (AMF) was operated for a nine-month period in the Murg Valley, Black Forest, Germany, in support of the Convective and Orographically-induced Precipitation Study (COPS). The synergy of AMF and COPS partner instrumentation was exploited to derive a set of high-quality thermodynamic and cloud property profiles with 30 s resolution. In total, clouds were present 72% of the time, with multi-layer mixed phase (28.4%) and single-layer water clouds (11.3%) occurring most frequently. A comparison with the Cloudnet sites Chilbolton and Lindenberg for the same time period revealed that the Murg Valley exhibits lower liquid water paths (LWPs; median = 37.5 g m(-2)) compared to the two sites located in flat terrain. In order to evaluate the derived thermodynamic and cloud property profiles, a radiative closure study was performed with independent surface radiation measurements. In clear sky, average differences between calculated and observed surface fluxes are less than 2% and 4% for the short wave and long wave part, respectively. In cloudy situations, differences between simulated and observed fluxes, particularly in the short wave part, are much larger, but most of these can be related to broken cloud situations. The daytime cloud radiative effect (CRE), i.e. the difference of cloudy and clear-sky net fluxes, has been analysed for the whole nine-month period. For overcast, single-layer water clouds, sensitivity studies revealed that the CRE uncertainty is likewise determined by uncertainties in liquid water content and effective radius. For low LWP clouds, CRE uncertainty is dominated by LWP uncertainty; therefore refined retrievals, such as using infrared and/or higher microwave frequencies, are needed. Copyright (C) 2011 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Ebell, Kerstin; Crewell, Susanne; Loehnert, Ulrich] Univ Cologne, Inst Geophys & Meteorol, D-50674 Cologne, Germany. [Turner, David D.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Turner, David D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [O'Connor, Ewan J.] Univ Reading, Reading, Berks, England. [O'Connor, Ewan J.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. RP Ebell, K (reprint author), Univ Cologne, Inst Geophys & Meteorol, Zuelpicher Str 49A, D-50674 Cologne, Germany. EM kebell@meteo.uni-koeln.de RI Lohnert, Ulrich/C-3303-2013; Crewell, Susanne/O-1640-2013 OI Lohnert, Ulrich/0000-0002-9023-0269; Crewell, Susanne/0000-0003-1251-5805 FU German Research Foundation [SPP 1167, CR 111/5-2, WU356/4-2]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Environmental Sciences Division; University of Wisconsin [DE-FG02-08ER64538] FX Part of the work has been funded by the German Research Foundation within the priority programme SPP 1167 Quantitative Precipitation Forecast under grants CR 111/5-2 and WU356/4-2. Data were obtained from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program sponsored by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Environmental Sciences Division. The ARM program also supported the research efforts at the University of Wisconsin with grant DE-FG02-08ER64538. Clear-sky flux estimates are part of the Radiative Flux Analysis methodology which is a result of many years of research by Charles N. Long. We also thank Wenchieh Yen, who assisted in the realization of the radiative transfer simulations. NR 56 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 137 SU 1 SI SI BP 306 EP 324 DI 10.1002/qj.748 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 731UE UT WOS:000288134100021 ER PT J AU Montague, JR Dalberth, M Gray, JM Seghete, D Bertness, KA George, SM Bright, VM Rogers, CT Sanford, NA AF Montague, J. R. Dalberth, M. Gray, J. M. Seghete, D. Bertness, K. A. George, S. M. Bright, V. M. Rogers, C. T. Sanford, N. A. TI Analysis of high-Q, gallium nitride nanowire resonators in response to deposited thin films SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference On Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems CY JUN 21-25, 2009 CL Denver, CO SP Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Ctr, Coventor, Freescale Semicond, Inc, Michigan Ctr Wireless Integrated MicroSyst, Tegal Corp, Desktop Engn, ECN Magazine, Euro Asia Semicond, IOP Publishing, MEMS Investor Journal, MEPTEC, Micronews, mstnews, NASA Tech Briefs, NEXUS Assoc, N Amer Taiwanese Engineers Assoc, Small Times DE Atomic layer deposition; Crystal resonators; Gallium compounds; Molecular beam epitaxial growth; Nanoelectronics; Nanowires; Piezoelectric oscillations; Piezoelectric semiconductors; Q factor; Resonators; Wide band gap semiconductors; III-V semiconductors ID GAN NANOWIRES; GROWTH; ARRAYS AB Gallium nitride nanowires (GaN-NWs) are systems of interest for mechanical resonance-based sensors due to their small mass and, in the case of c-axis NWs, high mechanical quality (Q) factors of 10,000-100,000. We report on singly-clamped NW mechanical cantilevers of roughly 100 nm diameter and 15 gm length that resonate near 1 MHz and describe the behavior of GaN-NW resonant frequencies and Q factors following coating with various materials deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD), including alumina (Al2O3), ruthenium (Ru), and platinum (Pt). Changes in the GaN-NW resonant frequencies with ALD deposition clearly distinguish conformal film growth versus island film growth. Conformal films lead to a stiffening of the NW and typically increase resonant frequency, whereas island films simply increase the NW mass and cause decreased resonant frequencies. We find that conformal growth of ALD alumina leads to stiffening of similar to 4 kHz per nm of alumina, in agreement with previously measured material properties. Conformal growth of Ru and Pt, respectively, qualitatively confirm our analytical predictions of positive and negative resonant frequency shifts. Island growth of ALD Ru has demonstrated a decrease in resonant frequency consistent with mass loading of similar to 0.2 fg for a 150 ALD-cycle film, also consistent with analytical predictions. Resonant Q factors are found to decrease with ALD film growth, offering the additional possibility of studying mechanical dissipation processes associated with the ALD-NW composite structures. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Montague, J. R.; Gray, J. M.; Rogers, C. T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dalberth, M.] Cambridge NanoTech Inc, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. [Seghete, D.; George, S. M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bertness, K. A.; Sanford, N. A.] NIST, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bright, V. M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Montague, JR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, 390 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Joshua.Montague@Colorado.edu RI George, Steven/O-2163-2013 OI George, Steven/0000-0003-0253-9184 NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-4247 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT A-PHYS JI Sens. Actuator A-Phys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 165 IS 1 SI SI BP 59 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.sna.2010.03.014 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 733VY UT WOS:000288293600009 ER PT J AU Cheng, JH Seghete, D Lee, M Schlager, JB Bertness, KA Sanford, NA Yang, RG George, SM Lee, YC AF Cheng, Jen-Hau Seghete, Dragos Lee, Myongjai Schlager, John B. Bertness, Kris A. Sanford, Norman A. Yang, Ronggui George, Steven M. Lee, Y. C. TI Atomic layer deposition enabled interconnect technology for vertical nanowire arrays SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference On Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems CY JUN 21-25, 2009 CL Denver, CO SP Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Ctr, Coventor, Freescale Semicond, Michigan Ctr Wireless Integrated MicroSyst, Tegal Corp, Desttop Engn, ECN Magazine, Euro Asla Semicond, IOP Publishing, MEMS Investor Journal, MEPTEC, Micronews, mstnews, NASA Tech Briefs, NEXUS Assoc, N Amer Taiwanese Engineers Assoc, Small Times DE Atomic layer deposition (ALD); Interconnect; GaN nanowires; Focused ion beam (FIB); Photoluminescence (PL) ID GROWTH; GAN AB We have demonstrated an atomic layer deposition (ALD) enabled interconnect technology for vertical, c-axis oriented gallium nitride (GaN) nanowire (NW, 5-10 mu m in length, 80-200 nm in diameter) arrays encapsulated by benzocyclobutene (BCB). The nano-scaled ALD multilayer is essential to provide conformal co-axial dielectric (ALD-alumina)/conductor (ALD-tungsten) coverage and precise thickness control for nanowire metallization. Furthermore, we have successfully developed a fabrication process to locally remove and connect tungsten (W) interconnect on NWs. Cross-sectional image taken in a focused ion beam (FIB) tool confirms the conformality of ALD interconnects. Photoluminescence (PL) wavelengths of the nanowires array can be tuned dynamically by changing the input current supplied to ALD-tungsten interconnect which heats nanowires. Such an experiment also demonstrated the quality of interconnect. This interconnect technology can be applied to various vertical nanowire-based devices, such as nanowire light emitting diodes, nanowire-based field effect transistors, resonators, batteries or biomedical applications. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cheng, Jen-Hau; Lee, Myongjai; Yang, Ronggui; Lee, Y. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Seghete, Dragos; George, Steven M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schlager, John B.; Bertness, Kris A.; Sanford, Norman A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Cheng, Jen-Hau; Seghete, Dragos; Lee, Myongjai; Schlager, John B.; Bertness, Kris A.; Sanford, Norman A.; Yang, Ronggui; George, Steven M.; Lee, Y. C.] Univ Colorado, DARPA Ctr Integrated Micro Nanoelectromech Transd, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Cheng, JH (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Jen-Hau.Cheng@colorado.edumailto RI Yang, Ronggui/H-1278-2011; George, Steven/O-2163-2013 OI George, Steven/0000-0003-0253-9184 NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-4247 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT A-PHYS JI Sens. Actuator A-Phys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 165 IS 1 SI SI BP 107 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.sna.2009.12.038 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 733VY UT WOS:000288293600016 ER PT J AU Van Den Berg, HA Riley, SJ Dann, SL AF Van Den Berg, Heather A. Riley, Shawn J. Dann, Shari L. TI Conservation Education for Advancing Natural Resources Knowledge and Building Capacity for Volunteerism SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE adult conservation education; public support; stakeholders; volunteerism ID WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT; PROGRAM AB Natural resource agencies increasingly need to engage nontraditional stakeholders for public support and financial resources, especially considering a decline in traditional activities such as hunting and fishing. Conservation educators recognized this need, and they are creating new networks of outreach and service programs. The Michigan Conservation Stewards Program (CSP) was designed to reach new stakeholders for natural resource management as an adult conservation education and volunteerism program, similar in format to Master Naturalist programs. We observed these benefits of the CSP for learners and agencies: (1) increased ecological knowledge; (2) improved attitudes toward management practices and toward the natural resource agency; and (3) an initial corps of volunteers with specific conservation skills. This education program advanced knowledge and transformed volunteer capacity, producing detectable short-term positive impacts. An anticipated value of conservation education programs such as CSP will be long-term support from nontraditional stakeholders in natural resource management. C1 [Van Den Berg, Heather A.] NOAA, Natl Sea Grant Coll Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Riley, Shawn J.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Dann, Shari L.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Community Agr Recreat & Resource Studies, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Van Den Berg, HA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Sea Grant Coll Program, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM havandenberg@gmail.com NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PY 2011 VL 24 IS 3 BP 205 EP 220 AR PII 931469803 DI 10.1080/08941920902960404 PG 16 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA 714OA UT WOS:000286817700001 ER PT J AU Pandya, R Smith, D Ackerman, SA Brahma, PP Charlevoix, DJ Foster, SQ Gaertner, VK Lee, TF Hayes, MJ Mostek, A Murillo, ST Murphy, KA Olsen, L Stanitski, DM Whittaker, T AF Pandya, Rajul Smith, David Ackerman, Steven A. Brahma, Priti P. Charlevoix, Donna J. Foster, Susan Q. Gaertner, Volker Karl Lee, Thomas F. Hayes, Marianne J. Mostek, Anthony Murillo, Shirley T. Murphy, Kathleen A. Olsen, Lola Stanitski, Diane M. Whittaker, Thomas TI A SUMMARY OF THE 18TH AMS SYMPOSIUM ON EDUCATION SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Pandya, Rajul] UCAR, SOARS, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Smith, David] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Ackerman, Steven A.; Whittaker, Thomas] Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, Madison, WI USA. [Brahma, Priti P.] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Charlevoix, Donna J.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Gaertner, Volker Karl] EUMESTAT, Darmstadt, Germany. [Lee, Thomas F.] NRL, Monterey, CA USA. [Hayes, Marianne J.] AMS Educ Resource Educator, Columbus, OH USA. [Mostek, Anthony] NOAA NWS, Boulder, CO USA. [Murillo, Shirley T.] NOAA AOML HRD, Miami, FL USA. [Murphy, Kathleen A.] AMS Educ Resource Educator, St Louis, MO USA. [Olsen, Lola] NASA, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Stanitski, Diane M.] Geocation LLC, Boulder, CO USA. RP Pandya, R (reprint author), UCAR, SOARS, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM pandya@ucar.edu RI Murillo, Shirley/C-3259-2014; Ackerman, Steven/G-1640-2011 OI Murillo, Shirley/0000-0002-2075-8682; Ackerman, Steven/0000-0002-4476-0269 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 92 IS 1 BP 61 EP 64 DI 10.1175/2010BAMS2933.1 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 729OD UT WOS:000287959200013 ER PT J AU Thorne, PW Vose, RS AF Thorne, P. W. Vose, R. S. TI Comments on "Reanalyses Suitable for Characterizing Long-Term Trends" Reply SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Thorne, P. W.] Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC USA. [Thorne, P. W.; Vose, R. S.] NOAA Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. RP Thorne, PW (reprint author), Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC USA. RI Thorne, Peter/F-2225-2014 OI Thorne, Peter/0000-0003-0485-9798 NR 7 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 92 IS 1 BP 70 EP 72 DI 10.1175/2010BAMS3145.1 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 729OD UT WOS:000287959200015 ER PT J AU Smith, TM Lakshmanan, V AF Smith, Travis M. Lakshmanan, Valliappa TI Real-time, rapidly updating severe weather products for virtual globes SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Virtual globes; KML; Weather; Radar; Tornadoes; Hail ID IDENTIFICATION; REFLECTIVITY; HAIL AB It is critical that weather forecasters are able to put severe weather information from a variety of observational and modeling platforms into a geographic context so that warning information can be effectively conveyed to the public, emergency managers, and disaster response teams. The availability of standards for the specification and transport of virtual globe data products has made it possible to generate spatially precise, geo-referenced images and to distribute these centrally created products via a web server to a wide audience. In this paper, we describe the data and methods for enabling severe weather threat analysis information inside a KML framework. The method of creating severe weather diagnosis products that are generated and translating them to KML and image files is described. We illustrate some of the practical applications of these data when they are integrated into a virtual globe display. The availability of standards for interoperable virtual globe clients has not completely alleviated the need for custom solutions. We conclude by pointing out several of the limitations of the general-purpose virtual globe clients currently available. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Smith, Travis M.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Smith, TM (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM Travis.Smith@noaa.gov; Valliappa.Lakshmanan@noaa.gov FU NOAA-OU [NA17RJ1227] FX Funding for this research was provided under NOAA-OU Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Severe Storms Laboratory, the U.S. Department of Commerce, or the University of Oklahoma. The authors thank CIMMS/NSSL scientists (Kurt Hondl, Greg Stumpf, Kevin Manross, Kiel Ortega), the WDSS-II development team (Robert Toomey, Charles Kerr and Jeff Brogden) and NSSL IT staff (Karen Cooper) for their contributions to this project. We also thank all the NWS forecasters and members of the general public who provided feedback and suggestions on the imagery and KML data interface. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 37 IS 1 SI SI BP 3 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2010.03.023 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 716WK UT WOS:000287004000002 ER PT J AU Linteris, GT AF Linteris, Gregory T. TI Clean Agent Suppression of Energized Electrical Equipment Fires SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Class C fires; Halon replacements; Fire suppression; Clean agents ID HEATED METAL-SURFACE; METHANE-AIR FLAMES; DIFFUSION FLAMES; CUP-BURNER; FLAMMABILITY; EXTINGUISHMENT; INHIBITION; COMBUSTION; POLYMERS; IGNITION AB The NFPA 2001 standard on the use of clean agents for the suppression of fires arose from the phase-out of Halon 1301. Standard methods exists for specifying the amount of clean agent required for Class A and Class B fires, but the recommendation for Class C fires (those involving energized electrical equipment) defaults to the Class A values. While this may be appropriate for some Class C fires, there is concern that higher agent concentration may be necessary if energy is added to the fire by the electrical source. A number of test methods have been proposed to determine the amount of agent required to suppress fires in energized electrical equipment; however, there has been no broad agreement on a test method to include in NFPA 2001 for Class C fires. Further, some of the test methods suggest that the current recommended total flooding concentration is sufficient, while others suggest that higher concentrations may be necessary for some fires. This report reviews the role of energy augmentation in the suppression of fires over condensed phase materials. A test protocol is suggested which can quantify the effects of added energy on the suppression process. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Linteris, GT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM linteris@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU Fire Protection Research Foundation; Casey Grant FX This project was funded by the Fire Protection Research Foundation. The helpfulness of the project's technical panel and industry sponsors who provided input is greatly appreciated; many of the contacts they recommended were extremely helpful, and we are much obliged to them for their input. We appreciate the helpful guidance of Casey Grant throughout the project. We are indebted to Soonil Nam and Robert Kasiski of FM Global for providing the detailed case histories, and follow-up information, and to Richard Gann for a careful review of the manuscript. NR 72 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 47 IS 1 BP 1 EP 68 DI 10.1007/s10694-009-0109-5 PG 68 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 702EY UT WOS:000285878600001 ER PT J AU Gann, RG Hnetkovsky, EJ AF Gann, Richard G. Hnetkovsky, Edward J. TI Modification of ASTM E 2187 for Measuring the Ignition Propensity of Conventional Cigarettes SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ASTM E2187; Cigarette; Cigarette ignition propensity; Cigarette ignition resistance; Fire; Fire safety; Fire test; Mattresses; Upholstered furniture AB Current existing and proposed US flammability standards for soft furnishings such as mattresses and upholstered furniture specify a "standard" cigarette as the ignition source in smoldering resistance performance tests. With the increasing prevalence of reduced ignition propensity cigarettes in the marketplace, the conventional cigarette that has been most widely used in smolder resistance testing is no longer in production. To support manufacturers and testing organizations in product design and testing, and to assist regulators in the compliance evaluation process, a continuing supply of standard conventional cigarettes is required. A key first step in establishing such a supply is the development of a measurement method for quantifying the ignition propensity of a standard cigarette similar to the one currently used for testing soft furnishings. This article describes such a measurement method. It also reports performance data for the conventional test cigarette and other contemporary cigarettes. C1 [Gann, Richard G.; Hnetkovsky, Edward J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gann, RG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rggann@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU US Consumer Product Safety Commission FX This work was supported by the US Consumer Product Safety Commission. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 47 IS 1 BP 69 EP 83 DI 10.1007/s10694-009-0120-x PG 15 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 702EY UT WOS:000285878600002 ER PT J AU Thomas, DS Butry, DT Prestemon, JP AF Thomas, Douglas S. Butry, David T. Prestemon, Jeffrey P. TI Enticing Arsonists with Broken Windows and Social Disorder SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Broken Windows; Arson; Social disorder; Wildland-urban interface ID CRIME; TIME AB In criminology, it is well understood that indicators of urban decay, such as abandoned buildings littered with broken windows, provide criminals with signals identifying neighborhoods with lower crime detection and apprehension rates than better maintained neighborhoods. Whether it is the resident population's sense of apathy, lack of civic pride, or fear of confrontation that causes criminals to perceive an easy mark, it nevertheless emboldens them to strike. Previous research of wildland arson hints that broken windows (e.g., areas of criminal activity) are partly responsible for arson outbreaks within the wildland-urban interface. We model the incidence of wildland and non-wildland arson ignitions in Michigan from 2001 to 2005 as a function of constructed Broken Windows indices. Our results suggest that crime prevention and urban revitalization programs may be as valuable as fire suppression, fuels management, and law enforcement in limiting incidence and the damage from both wildland and non-wildland arson. C1 [Thomas, Douglas S.; Butry, David T.] NIST, Off Appl Econ, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Prestemon, Jeffrey P.] US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, So Res Stn, USDA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Butry, DT (reprint author), NIST, Off Appl Econ, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.butry@nist.gov NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 47 IS 1 BP 255 EP 273 DI 10.1007/s10694-010-0145-1 PG 19 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 702EY UT WOS:000285878600009 ER PT J AU Brodziak, J Ishimura, G AF Brodziak, Jon Ishimura, Gakushi TI Development of Bayesian production models for assessing the North Pacific swordfish population SO FISHERIES SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bayesian; Swordfish; Production model; North Pacific ID STRUCTURED ASSESSMENT METHOD; PELAGIC LONGLINE FISHERY; XIPHIAS-GLADIUS; STOCK ASSESSMENT; AGE; CAUGHT; OCEAN AB Bayesian surplus production models were developed for assessing the North Pacific swordfish population under alternative scenarios: a single-stock scenario and a two-stock scenario with subareas that represented the western central and eastern Pacific Ocean regions. Biomass production was modeled with a three-parameter production model that allowed production to vary from the symmetric Schaefer curve using an estimated shape parameter. Lognormal prior distributions for intrinsic growth rate and carrying capacity were assumed. Goodness-of-fit diagnostics were developed for comparing the fits of alternative model configurations based on the root-mean squared error of catch per unit effort (CPUE) fits and the standardized CPUE residuals. Production model fits for 1952-2006 indicated that the Japanese longline CPUE numbers were influential under each stock scenario because these scenarios were the longest time series of relative abundance indices. Model results also indicated that assumptions about the prior means for intrinsic growth rate and carrying capacity may be important based on the model configuration. C1 [Ishimura, Gakushi] Hokkaido Univ, Ctr Sustainabil Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600809, Japan. [Brodziak, Jon] NOAA Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Ishimura, G (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Ctr Sustainabil Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600809, Japan. EM gakugaku@sgp.hokudai.ac.jp NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 0919-9268 J9 FISHERIES SCI JI Fish. Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 77 IS 1 BP 22 EP 33 DI 10.1007/s12562-010-0300-0 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 729FW UT WOS:000287935100002 ER PT J AU Friess, C Sedberry, GR AF Friess, Claudia Sedberry, George R. TI Age, growth, and spawning season of red bream (Beryx decadactylus) off the southeastern United States SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; BOMB RADIOCARBON; POLYPRION-AMERICANUS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; NEW-CALEDONIA; VALIDATION; SPLENDENS; OTOLITHS; FISH; ALFONSINO AB Red bream (Beryx decadactylus) is a commercially important deep-sea benthopelagic fish with a circumglobal distribution on insular and continental slopes and seamounts. In the United States, small numbers are caught incidentally in the wreckfish (Polyprion americanus) fishery which operates off the southeastern coast, but no biological information exists for the management of the U.S. red bream population. For this study, otoliths (n=163) and gonads (n=161) were collected from commercially caught red bream between 2003 and 2008 to determine life history parameters. Specimens ranged in size from 410 to 630 mm fork length and were all determined to be mature by histological examination of the gonads. Females in spawning condition were observed from June through September, and reproductively active males were found year-round. Sectioned otoliths were difficult to interpret, but maximum age estimates were much higher than the 15 years previously reported for this species from the eastern North Atlantic based on whole-otolith analysis. Estimated ages ranged from 8 to 69 years, and a minimum lifespan of 49 years was validated by using bomb radiocarbon dating. Natural mortality was estimated at 0.06/yr. This study shows that red bream are longer lived and more vulnerable to overfishing than previously assumed and should be managed carefully to prevent overexploitation. C1 [Friess, Claudia] Coll Charleston, Grice Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Sedberry, George R.] Grays Reef Natl Marine Sanctuary, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. RP Friess, C (reprint author), Ocean Conservancy, 106 E 6th St, Austin, TX 78701 USA. EM cfriess@oceanconservancy.org FU NOAA Fisheries Special Programs Office [NA03NMF4720321, NA17FF2874]; NOAA [NA03OAR-4600097, NA0ROAR4600055] FX We thank B. White, J. Loefer, and M. Reichert for assisting with otolith interpretation and aging. P. Harris and A. Strand helped with data analysis. A. Williams and D. Wyanski assisted with the interpretation of reproductive stages, and A. Williams served as second reader of the histological sections. The members of the MARMAP program helped with sample collection and processing, and G. Menezes provided otoliths from eastern North Atlantic red bream. We thank S. Campana for advice on interpretation of otolith growth bands. We thank O. Hamel for providing the executable files and advice for running the deterministic models and J. Cope for advice on using IGOR+ software. We thank A. Andrews, who assisted with data analysis and interpretation, as well as K. McCarthy, and two anonymous reviewers for providing detailed suggestions that led to significant improvements at the manuscript stage. This research was supported with grants from the NOAA Fisheries Special Programs Office (NA03NMF4720321 and NA17FF2874; G. Sedberry and J. Loefer, principal investigators). Submersible observations were supported with NOAA Ocean Exploration grants NA03OAR-4600097 and NA0ROAR4600055, G. Sedberry, principal investigator. This is contribution 357 from the Grice Marine Laboratory. NR 47 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 109 IS 1 BP 20 EP 33 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 709OG UT WOS:000286449400002 ER PT J AU Cox, MK Heintz, R Hartman, K AF Cox, M. Keith Heintz, Ron Hartman, Kyle TI Measurements of resistance and reactance in fish with the use of bioelectrical impedance analysis: sources of error SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID BODY-COMPOSITION; SKIN TEMPERATURE; MUSCLE AB New technologies can be riddled with unforeseen sources of error, jeopardizing the validity and application of their advancement. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a new technology in fisheries research that is capable of estimating proximate composition, condition, and energy content in fish quickly, cheaply, and (after calibration) without the need to sacrifice fish. Before BIA can be widely accepted in fisheries science, it is necessary to identify sources of error and determine a means to minimize potential errors with this analysis. We conducted controlled laboratory experiments to identify sources of errors within BIA measurements. We concluded that electrode needle location, procedure deviations, user experience, time after death, and temperature can affect resistance and reactance measurements. Sensitivity analyses showed that errors in predictive estimates of composition can be large (>50%) when these errors are experienced. Adherence to a strict protocol can help avoid these sources of error and provide BIA estimates that are both accurate and precise in a field or laboratory setting. C1 [Cox, M. Keith; Heintz, Ron] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Hartman, Kyle] W Virginia Univ, Davis Coll Agr Forestry & Consumer Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Cox, MK (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, 11305 Glacier Hwy, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM Keith.Cox@noaa.gov FU Alaska Fisheries Science Center; National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration; West Virginia University; U.S. Department of Agriculture; U.S. Forest Service; MeadWestvaco Corporation; West Virginia Department of Wildlife; United States Forest Service; University of Alaska; Sitka Sound Science Center, Sitka, Alaska; Fairbanks FX We acknowledge the financial support of the Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration, West Virginia University, U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Forest Service, MeadWestvaco Corporation, West Virginia Department of Wildlife, United States Forest Service, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, and the Sitka Sound Science Center, Sitka, Alaska. We thank the many researchers and volunteers that helped collect data. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 109 IS 1 BP 34 EP 47 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 709OG UT WOS:000286449400003 ER PT J AU Merritt, D Donovan, MK Kelley, C Waterhouse, L Parke, M Wong, K Drazen, JC AF Merritt, Daniel Donovan, Mary K. Kelley, Christopher Waterhouse, Lynn Parke, Michael Wong, Kevin Drazen, Jeffrey C. TI BotCam: a baited camera system for nonextractive monitoring of bottomfish species SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SNAPPER PAGRUS-AURATUS; JUVENILE PINK SNAPPER; STEREO-VIDEO; DEEP-SEA; PRISTIPOMOIDES-FILAMENTOSUS; UNDERWATER VIDEO; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; MARINE RESERVES; DEMERSAL FISHES; DEPTH ZONATION AB A stereo-video baited camera system (BotCam) has been developed as a fishery-independent tool to monitor and study deepwater fish species and their habitat. During testing, Bot Cam was deployed primarily in water depths between 100 and 300 m for an assessment of its use in monitoring and studying Hawaiian bottomfish species. Details of the video analyses and data from the pilot study with BotCam in Hawaii are presented. Multibeam bathymetry and backscatter data were used to delineate bottomfish habitat strata, and a stratified random sampling design was used for BotCam deployment locations. Video data were analyzed to assess relative fish abundance and to measure fish size composition. Results corroborate published depth ranges and zones of the target species, as well as their habitat preferences. The results indicate that BotCam is a promising tool for monitoring and studying demersal fish populations associated with deepwater habitats to a depth of 300 m, at mesohabitat scales. BotCam is a flexible, nonextractive, and economical means to better understand deepwater ecosystems and improve science-based ecosystem approaches to management. C1 [Merritt, Daniel; Donovan, Mary K.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Merritt, Daniel; Donovan, Mary K.; Parke, Michael; Wong, Kevin] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Kelley, Christopher; Waterhouse, Lynn] HURL, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Drazen, Jeffrey C.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Merritt, D (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, 1000 Pope Rd,MSB 312, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM Daniel.Merritt@noaa.gov RI Drazen, Jeffrey/C-1197-2013 OI Drazen, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9613-3833 FU NOAA; Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council FX The authors thank personnel from the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program and the Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council members for supporting this research and development effort. We especially thank T. Hourigan of NOAA's Office of Habitat Conservation for initially proposing this work and for his continued advice and encouragement throughout the project. Much appreciation goes to V. Moriwake and B. Alexander for their many hours of field work and video analysis. The authors would also like to acknowledge the crew and officers of the NOAA Ship RV Oscar Elton Sette and the Cates International Inc. MV Wailoa for their important contributions to the success of this project. NR 39 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 17 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 109 IS 1 BP 56 EP 67 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 709OG UT WOS:000286449400005 ER PT J AU DeMartini, EE Everson, AR Nichols, RS AF DeMartini, Edward E. Everson, Alan R. Nichols, Ryan S. TI Estimates of body sizes at maturation and at sex change, and the spawning seasonality and sex ratio of the endemic Hawaiian grouper (Hyporthodus quernus, F. Epinephelidae) SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; GULF-OF-MEXICO; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; CEPHALOPHOLIS-BOENAK; STOCK DYNAMICS; FISH; SERRANIDAE; MANAGEMENT; PATTERNS; AGE AB A case study of the reproductive biology of the endemic Hawaiian grouper or hapu'upu'u (Hyporthodus quernus) is presented as a model for comprehensive future studies of economically important epinephelid groupers. Specimens were collected throughout multiple years (1978-81, 1992-93, and 2005-08) from most reefs and banks of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. The absence of small males, presence of atretic oocytes and brown bodies in testes of mature males, and both developed ovarian and testicular tissues in the gonads of five transitional fish provided evidence of protogynous hermaphroditism. No small mature males were collected, indicating that Hawaiian grouper are monandrous (all males are sex-changed females). Complementary microscopic criteria also were used to assign reproductive stage and estimate median body sizes (L-50) at female sexual maturity and at adult sex change from female to male. The L-50 at maturation and at sex change was 580 +/- 8 (95% confidence interval [CI]) mm total length (TL) and 895 +/- 20 mm TL, respectively. The adult sex ratio was strongly female biased (6:1). Spawning seasonality was described by using gonadosomatic indices. Females began ripening in the fall and remained ripe through April. A February-June main spawning period that followed peak ripening was deduced from the proportion of females whose ovaries contained hydrated oocytes, post-ovulatory follicles, or both. Testes weights were not affected by season; average testes weight was only about 0.2% of body weight-an order of magnitude smaller than that for ovaries that peaked at 1-3% of body weight. The species' reproductive life history is discussed in relation to its management. C1 [DeMartini, Edward E.; Nichols, Ryan S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hawaii Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. [Everson, Alan R.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Reg Off, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. RP DeMartini, EE (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hawaii Res Ctr, 99-193 Aiea Hts Dr,Suite 417, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. EM edward.demartini@noaa.gov FU Federal Disaster Relief Project [657787]; University of Hawaii FX We thank the many NOAA Fisheries biologists and technicians who processed specimens used in this study and the captains and crews of NOAA research vessels for their assistance. We acknowledge Federal Disaster Relief Project no. 657787, and the Pelagic Fisheries Research Program (University of Hawaii), for funding the purchase of recent specimens; A. Andrews and R. Humphreys for reviewing the draft manuscript; and M. McCracken for statistical advice. This article is dedicated to the memory of Julia P. Leung DeMartini, who photo-edited the final version of Figure 3; may her many memes continue to spread throughout the biological research community. NR 51 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 109 IS 1 BP 123 EP 134 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 709OG UT WOS:000286449400011 ER PT J AU Fu, RS Preston, JS Pasaogullari, U Shiomi, T Miyazaki, S Tabuchi, Y Hussey, DS Jacobson, DL AF Fu, Richard S. Preston, Joshua S. Pasaogullari, Ugur Shiomi, Takeshi Miyazaki, Shinichi Tabuchi, Yuichiro Hussey, Daniel S. Jacobson, David L. TI Water Transport Across a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane under Thermal Gradients SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PEM FUEL-CELL; NEUTRON IMAGING TECHNIQUE; IN-SITU MEASUREMENT; LIQUID WATER; DIFFUSION; IMPACT; NAFION; RADIOGRAPHY; PERFORMANCE; MANAGEMENT AB A fundamental experimental and numerical study of the water transport across a perfluorosulfonic acid membrane under a temperature gradient is presented. The water transport phenomenon was experimentally investigated through water flux measurement and neutron radiography. The experimental observations found that water is transported in the direction from the high temperature side to the low temperature side, when both sides of the membrane are sufficiently humidified, and suggest that the transport mechanism is concentration gradient driven. The neutron radiography measurements detected the presence of water content gradient across the membrane and higher water content is seen at a larger thermal gradient. A numerical model was developed to investigate the experimental results. Water transport predictions agreed qualitatively but more accurate material and transport property characterizations are needed for further improvement. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3530794] All rights reserved. C1 [Fu, Richard S.; Preston, Joshua S.; Pasaogullari, Ugur; Shiomi, Takeshi] Univ Connecticut, Dept Mech Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Fu, Richard S.; Preston, Joshua S.; Pasaogullari, Ugur; Shiomi, Takeshi] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Clean Energy Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Shiomi, Takeshi; Miyazaki, Shinichi; Tabuchi, Yuichiro] Nissan Motor Co Ltd, Nissan Res Ctr, Kanagawa 2378523, Japan. [Hussey, Daniel S.; Jacobson, David L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fu, RS (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Mech Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM ugur.pasaogullari@uconn.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Pasaogullari, Ugur/D-8761-2013 FU Nissan Motors, Ltd.; U.S. Department of Commerce; NIST Ionizing Radiation Division; Director's office of NIST; NIST Center for Neutron Research; Department of Energy [DE-AI01-01EE50660]; National Science Foundation [CBET-0748063] FX The authors thank Eli Baltic of the NIST for technical assistance in carrying out the neutron radiography experiments and acknowledge Nissan Motors, Ltd., for funding this research. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Commerce, the NIST Ionizing Radiation Division, the Director's office of NIST, the NIST Center for Neutron Research, and the Department of Energy through interagency agreement no. DE-AI01-01EE50660. Financial support for this work from National Science Foundation grant no. CBET-0748063 is also acknowledged. NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 3 BP B303 EP B312 DI 10.1149/1.3530794 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 712PE UT WOS:000286677900030 ER PT J AU Brennan, RG Phillips, MM Yang, LYO Moffat, TP AF Brennan, Ryan G. Phillips, Melissa M. Yang, Liang-Yueh Ou Moffat, Thomas P. TI Characterization and Purification of Commercial SPS and MPS by Ion Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COPPER PLATING BATHS; BIS-(3-SODIUMSULFOPROPYL DISULFIDE); INTERCONNECT METALLIZATION; ELECTROPLATING BATH; ADDITIVES; ELECTRODEPOSITION; COMPONENTS; ACID; FILL AB SPS (bis-(3-sulfopropyl) disulfide) is an essential electrolyte additive used in the fabrication of copper interconnects by electrodeposition. In electroplating baths, the disulfide component of SPS may be cleaved to form the thiol analog, MPS (3-mercaptopropyl sulfonate), by either homogenous interactions with the Cu(I) reaction intermediate or by dissociative adsorption onto the copper surface. However, mechanistic studies into the role of these additives in copper electrodeposition are presently constrained by limited knowledge of the purity of commercially available SPS and MPS. This report details the use of ion chromatography (IC) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry to characterize aqueous solutions of commercial SPS and MPS source materials. Sulfate (2.0%) and propane disulfonic acid (0.9%) (PDS) were determined to be the principal impurities in SPS (96.3% estimated purity, mass fraction). IC fractionation was used to purify and isolate SPS for surface and electroanalytical studies. Stability of SPS, MPS, and PDS in the presence of O(2) and Cu(II) was also examined. No degradation of SPS or PDS in aqueous solution was observed over a 3-month period. Solutions of MPS were metastable to O(2) saturation, but the addition of Cu(II) resulted in formation of SPS by dimerization as well as parasitic PDS generation. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3537819] All rights reserved. C1 [Brennan, Ryan G.; Phillips, Melissa M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yang, Liang-Yueh Ou; Moffat, Thomas P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Brennan, RG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM thomas.moffat@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 3 BP D178 EP D186 DI 10.1149/1.3537819 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 712PE UT WOS:000286677900053 ER PT J AU Shillinger, GL Swithenbank, AM Bailey, H Bograd, SJ Castelton, MR Wallace, BP Spotila, JR Paladino, FV Piedra, R Block, BA AF Shillinger, George L. Swithenbank, Alan M. Bailey, Helen Bograd, Steven J. Castelton, Michael R. Wallace, Bryan P. Spotila, James R. Paladino, Frank V. Piedra, Rotney Block, Barbara A. TI Vertical and horizontal habitat preferences of post-nesting leatherback turtles in the South Pacific Ocean SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Leatherback turtle; Post-nesting migration; Generalized additive models; Sea surface temperature; Surface chlorophyll concentration; Satellite tracking; Remote sensing ID PELAGIC LONGLINE FISHERY; MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC; DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; SEA-TURTLES; SATELLITE TELEMETRY; CARETTA-CARETTA; LEPIDOCHELYS-OLIVACEA; TROPICAL PACIFIC; ATLANTIC-OCEAN AB Leatherback turtles are the largest and widest ranging turtle species, and spend much of their time in the offshore pelagic environment. However, the high seas have thus far received little management attention to protect their ecosystems and biodiversity. We tagged 46 female leatherback turtles with satellite transmitters at Playa Grande, Costa Rica from 2004 to 2007. In the present study, we analyzed the vertical and horizontal habitat preferences of these leatherback turtles in the South Pacific Ocean. The turtles exhibited short, shallow dives during their migration southward (mean depth: 45 m; mean duration: 23.6 min), followed by deeper, longer dives (mean depth: 56.7 m; mean duration: 26.4 min) in the South Pacific Gyre that probably indicated searching for prey. We integrated the horizontal movements with remotely sensed oceanographic data to determine the turtles' response to the environment, and applied this information to recommendations for conservation in the pelagic environment. A generalized additive mixed model applied to the daily turtle travel rates confirmed that slower travel rates occurred at cooler sea surface temperatures, higher chlorophyll a concentration and stronger vertical Ekman upwelling, all of which are considered favorable foraging conditions. The southern terminus (35 to 37 degrees S) of the leatherback tracks was also in an area of increased mesoscale activity that might act as a physical mechanism to aggregate their prey, gelatinous zooplankton. However, this could also act as a thermal limit to their distribution. This characterization of leatherback habitat use could aid the development of management efforts within the South Pacific Ocean to reduce mortality of leatherback turtles from fisheries interactions. C1 [Shillinger, George L.; Swithenbank, Alan M.; Castelton, Michael R.; Block, Barbara A.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Bailey, Helen; Bograd, Steven J.] NOAA, NMFS, SWFSC, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Bailey, Helen] UMCES, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Wallace, Bryan P.] Conservat Int, Global Marine Div, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Wallace, Bryan P.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Div Marine Sci & Conservat, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Spotila, James R.] Drexel Univ, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Paladino, Frank V.] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Wayne, IN 46805 USA. [Piedra, Rotney] Minist Ambiente & Energia & Telecomun, San Jose 101041000, Costa Rica. RP Shillinger, GL (reprint author), Ctr Ocean Solut, 99 Pacific St,Suite 155A, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM georges@stanford.edu RI Bailey, Helen/E-6813-2012; Logger, Satellite/C-1379-2010 OI Bailey, Helen/0000-0001-7445-4687; FU Tagging of Pacific Predators program of the Census of Marine Life; Office of Naval Research; UNESCO (via the United Nations Foundation); Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Packard Foundation; Lenfest Ocean Program; Cinco Hermanos Fund; Earthwatch Institute; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) FX This research was sponsored by the Tagging of Pacific Predators program of the Census of Marine Life, and supported by the Office of Naval Research, the UNESCO World Heritage Program (via the United Nations Foundation and Global Conservation Fund of Conservation International), the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the Packard Foundation, the Lenfest Ocean Program, the Cinco Hermanos Fund, Earthwatch Institute, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) through a grant provided by the Applied Sciences Program in the Earth Science Division. The research was performed in accordance with the Stanford University Animal Care and Use Committee. The authors thank The Leatherback Trust, Earthwatch Institute, and the Betz Chair of Environmental Science at Drexel University for their assistance with this project. The altimeter products were produced by Ssalto/Duacs and distributed by Aviso, with support from the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, France. The authors thank the Ocean Biology Processing Group at the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center for the production and distribution of the SeaWiFS ocean color data. These activities are sponsored by NASA's Mission to Planet Earth Program. The Smith and Sandwell digital bathymetry was obtained from the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. We thank J. Thompson, J. Wible, S. Eckert, D. Foley, D. Palacios, L. DeWitt, M. Fedak, P. Lovell, J. Ganong, D. Kohrs, V. Saba, and P. Santidrian-Tomillo for technical assistance. The Costa Rican Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment provided research permits. We also thank G. Goldring, the Goldring Marine Biology Station, and the staff and volunteers at Parque Nacional Marino Las Baulas for support at Playa Grande. This is contribution number 4483 of the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science (UMCES). NR 77 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 79 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 422 BP 275 EP 289 DI 10.3354/meps08884 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 715ZD UT WOS:000286933500025 ER PT J AU Roether, W Lupton, JE AF Roether, W. Lupton, J. E. TI Tracers confirm downward mixing of Tyrrhenian Sea upper waters associated with the Eastern Mediterranean Transient SO OCEAN SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HYDROGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS; DEEP-WATER; TRITIUM; HELIUM; DYNAMICS; STRAIT AB Observations of tritium and He-3 in the Tyrrhenian Sea, 1987-2009, confirm the enhanced vertical mixing of intermediate waters into the deep waters that has been noted and associated with the Eastern Mediterranean Transient in previous studies. Our evidence for the mixing rests on increasing tracer concentrations in the Tyrrhenian deep waters, accompanied by decreases in the upper waters, which are supplied from the Eastern Mediterranean. The downward transfer is particularly evident between 1987 and 1997. Later on, information partly rests on increasing tritium-He-3 ages; here we correct the observed 3He for contributions released from the ocean floor. The Tyrrhenian tracer distributions are fully compatible with data upstream of the Sicily Strait and in the Western Mediterranean. The tracer data show that mixing reached to the bottom and confirm a cyclonic nature of the deep water circulation in the Tyrrhenian. They furthermore indicate that horizontal homogenization of the deep waters occurs on a time scale of roughly 5 years. Various features point to a reduced impact of Western Mediterranean Deep Water (WMDW) in the Tyrrhenian during the enhanced-mixing period. This is an important finding because it implies less upward mixing of WMDW, which has been named a major process to enable the WMDW to leave the Mediterranean via the Gibraltar Strait. On the other hand, the TDW outflow for several years represented a major influx of enhanced salinity and density waters into the deep-water range of the Western Mediterranean. C1 [Roether, W.] Univ Bremen, Inst Umweltphys, Bremen, Germany. [Lupton, J. E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Roether, W (reprint author), Univ Bremen, Inst Umweltphys, Bremen, Germany. EM wroether@physik.uni-bremen.de FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Germany; European Union, Brussels, Belgium; NOAA FX The METEOR cruises and part of the tracer measurements at Bremen were funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Germany. Further support was received by various grants of the European Union, Brussels, Belgium. We are grateful for the assistance of the masters and crew of the various cruises and for the efforts of numerous helpers at sea and in our laboratories, without whom the present study would not have been possible. We thank Monika Rhein, Bremen, principle investigator of the POSEIDON 234 cruise, for providing data, and Katrin Schroder and Gian Pietro Gasparini, Pozzuolo di Lerici, for the CTD data from their 2007 Geostar station and for useful commentary. Leigh Evans and Ron Greene carried out the tracer measurements in Newport, and that work was supported by the NOAA Vents Program. We thank Mario Sprovieri and Angelo Bonanno for sampling on the Etymed expedition, and Sharon Walker for assistance with the CTD data. This is PMEL publication No. 3592. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1812-0784 J9 OCEAN SCI JI Ocean Sci. PY 2011 VL 7 IS 1 BP 91 EP 99 DI 10.5194/os-7-91-2011 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 727LI UT WOS:000287801000006 ER PT J AU Molinari, RL AF Molinari, Robert L. TI Information from low-density expendable bathythermograph transects: North Atlantic mean temperature structure and quasi-decadal variability SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; GULF-STREAM; OCEAN; OSCILLATION; CIRCULATION; WATER; ICELAND; 1990S; MODEL; EAST AB The 1999 Ocean Observing System conference recommended that the Low density (LD) expendable bathythermograph (XBT) network be discontinued contingent on the completion of studies showing that the global Argo network and/or satellite altimetry can provide equivalent information. Herein, information content in North Atlantic LD lines relative to quasi-decadal variability in upper layer temperature structure is addressed as the first step in achieving this recommendation. Two LD lines are located in the subpolar gyre and support results from previous studies of shorter length that ocean advection and not only air-sea fluxes plays an important role, particularly in the eastern gyre, in determining the characteristics of the water masses transported to the source regions of North Atlantic Deep Water. Several sections cross the Gulf Stream and Labrador Current. They provide evidence to support the hypothesis that changes in the intensity of Labrador Current properties cause meridional motions of the Gulf Stream. Decadal variability in the subtropical gyre of the North Atlantic has been attributed to westward propagation of temperature anomalies by the mean currents and planetary waves. Modeling studies suggest that these signals are dominant in the thermocline at the northern latitudes (order 30) of the subtropical gyre. Similar calculations from a line crossing the subtropical gyre at these same latitudes shows no indication of westward propagation. Quasi-decadal signals in upper layer temperature are coincident across the entire gyre with some suggestion of eastward motion of temperature anomalies. One line on the southern boundary of the subtropical gyre does include westward signal movement from the eastern boundary. Based on the information content of individual lines, recommendations are made relative to the continuation of specific transects until it has been demonstrated that Argo and satellite altimetry can provide equivalent results. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Molinari, Robert L.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Molinari, Robert L.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Molinari, RL (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Int CLIVAR Project Off, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Waterfront Campus,European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. EM Robert.Molinari@noc.soton.ac.uk FU NOAA's Climate Project Office; Physical Oceanography Division (PhOD) of NOAA's AOML; PhOD FX NOAA's Climate Project Office and the Physical Oceanography Division (PhOD) of NOAA's AOML funded this work. Neither group participated in the preparation of this manuscript. The financial support provided by PhOD, the programming support provided by Mr. J. Festa, and the figure preparation by Mrs. R. Lusic are gratefully acknowledged. The excellent comments provided by Dr. C. Meinen and three anonymous reviewers are also greatly appreciated. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 88 IS 1-4 BP 131 EP 149 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2010.12.013 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 727VH UT WOS:000287830400008 ER PT J AU Torell, LA McDaniel, KC Koren, V AF Torell, L. Allen McDaniel, Kirk C. Koren, Victor TI Estimating Grass Yield on Blue Grama Range From Seasonal Rainfall and Soil Moisture Measurements SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE biomass prediction model; Bouteloua gracilis; climate; modified Sacramento soil moisture accounting model; precipitation; rangeland net primary production (NPP); soil water-NPP relationships ID FIRE; PRECIPITATION; WEATHER; PRAIRIE; CLIMATE AB To estimate annual forage production from moisture conditions it is important to consider the timing and seasonality of precipitation events as well as the past history of storm events. In this study we examined this relationship using 16 yr of annual measurements of herbaceous standing crop recorded at two study sites located on the Corona Range and Livestock Research Center in central New Mexico. Our hypothesis was that end-of-season herbaceous standing crop estimations could be improved using measured soil moisture instead of seasonal accumulations of rainfall as traditionally used for yield prediction. Daily recorded and simulated soil moisture levels were used to estimate the number of days over the growing season when soil moisture by volume was at low (< 20%), intermediate (20% to 30%), or high (>= 30%) levels. Defining regression equations to include either simulated or probe-recorded measures of soil moisture improved the adjusted R(2) of the regression models from 46% for the rainfall model to over 60% for various soil moisture models. Key variables for explaining annual variation in herbaceous production included seasonal moisture conditions, the amount of broom snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae [Pursh] Britt. & Rushy) present on the area, and the degree days of temperature accumulated over the growing season. Diurnal daily temperatures near historical averages were most advantageous for forage production. Simulated soil moisture data improved predictive grass yield estimates to a level equivalent to using onsite moisture probes to categorize daily moisture conditions. Potential exists to better predict forage conditions based on forecast information that uses soil moisture data instead of the traditional input of seasonal rainfall totals. C1 [Torell, L. Allen] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agr Econ & Agr Business, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [McDaniel, Kirk C.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Koren, Victor] Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Torell, LA (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, POB 30003,MSC 3169, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM atorell@nmsu.edu FU New Mexico State University's Agricultural Experiment Station under a US Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research Service; State of New Mexico; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service Office of Hydrologic Development [DG131W05BU1035] FX Research was supported by New Mexico State University's Agricultural Experiment Station under a US Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research Service special grant for Rangeland Ecology Research and a State of New Mexico legislative appropriation for broom snakeweed research. Assistance and funding were also provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service Office of Hydrologic Development, contract DG131W05BU1035. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 19 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 64 IS 1 BP 56 EP 66 DI 10.2111/REM-D-09-00107.1 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 716UP UT WOS:000286999300007 ER PT J AU Gillen, G Szakal, C Brewer, TM AF Gillen, Greg Szakal, Christopher Brewer, Tim M. TI Useful yields of organicmolecules under dynamic SIMS cluster bombardment SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SIMS XVII Conference CY SEP, 2009 CL Toronto, CANADA DE Cluster SIMS; secondary ion mass spectrometry; useful yield ID ION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; EMISSION; MATRIX AB Useful yields have been measured for a series of organic compounds using Ar+, SF5+ and Bi-3(+) primary ion bombardment under high dose (>10(13) ions/cm(2)) SIMS sputtering conditions on both magnetic sector and ToF-SIMS instruments. A precision inkjet deposition system was used to produce well defined arrays of microdrops on silicon with each deposit containing a known number of analyte molecules. The individual deposits were sputtered until consumed while monitoring the integrated characteristic molecular secondary ions for each analyte. The ratio of integrated counts to the number of molecules in the deposit defines the useful yield of the experiment. Measured useful yields varied from 1 x 10(-2) to less than 1 x 10(-8) depending on the compound examined, the probe beam used and the instrument configuration. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Gillen, Greg; Szakal, Christopher; Brewer, Tim M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gillen, G (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM greg.gillen@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0142-2421 EI 1096-9918 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 43 IS 1-2 BP 376 EP 379 DI 10.1002/sia.3484 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 725TR UT WOS:000287669500093 ER PT J AU Rognvaldsson, O Bao, JW Agustsson, H Olafsson, H AF Rognvaldsson, O. Bao, J. -W. Agustsson, H. Olafsson, H. TI Downslope windstorm in Iceland - WRF/MM5 model comparison SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BULK PARAMETERIZATION; MOUNTAIN WAVES; PART III; SENSITIVITY; SIMULATION; BORA; PRECIPITATION; CONVECTION; BREAKING; SCHEME AB A severe windstorm downstream of Mt. Orfaefajokull in Southeast Iceland is simulated on a grid of 1 km horizontal resolution by using the PSU/NCAR MM5 model and the Advanced Research WRF model. Both models are run with a new, two equation planetary boundary layer (PBL) scheme as well as the ETA/MYJ PBL schemes. The storm is also simulated using six different micro-physics schemes in combination with the MYJ PBL scheme in WRF, as well as one "dry" run. Output from a 3 km MM5 domain simulation is used to initialise and drive both the 1 km MM5 and WRF simulations. Both models capture gravity-wave breaking over Mt. Orfaefajokull, while the vertical structure of the lee wave differs between the two models and the PBL schemes. The WRF simulated downslope winds, using both the MYJ and 2EQ PBL schemes, are in good agreement with the strength of the observed downslope windstorm. The MM5 simulated surface winds, with the new two equation model, are in better agreement to observations than when using the ETA scheme. Micro-physics processes are shown to play an important role in the formation of downslope windstorms and a correctly simulated moisture distribution is decisive for a successful windstorm prediction. Of the microphysics schemes tested, only the Thompson scheme captures the downslope windstorm. C1 [Rognvaldsson, O.; Agustsson, H.] Meteorol Res Inst, Reykjavik, Iceland. [Rognvaldsson, O.] Univ Bergen UiB, Bergen, Norway. [Bao, J. -W.] NOAA ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Agustsson, H.; Olafsson, H.] Univ Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland. [Olafsson, H.] Icelandic Meteorol Off, Reykjavik, Iceland. RP Rognvaldsson, O (reprint author), Meteorol Res Inst, Reykjavik, Iceland. EM or@belgingur.is FU Icelandic Research Fund (Rannsoknarsjoour Islands) [70271013]; NORA [550-025] FX This work is part of the RAV-project which is funded in part by the Icelandic Research Fund (Rannsoknarsjoour Islands), grant number 70271013, and the NORA funded project "Vejrtjeneste for soberedskab", grant number 550-025. The weather stations, from which data has been used in this study, belong to the Icelandic Meteorological Office, the Icelandic Road Administration and the Icelandic Maritime Administration. The authors thank Sara Michelson for reading over the manuscript. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 1 BP 103 EP 120 DI 10.5194/acp-11-103-2011 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 705ZO UT WOS:000286180200008 ER PT J AU Laurel, BJ Hurst, TP Ciannelli, L AF Laurel, Benjamin J. Hurst, Thomas P. Ciannelli, Lorenzo TI An experimental examination of temperature interactions in the match-mismatch hypothesis for Pacific cod larvae SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; SOUTHEASTERN BERING SEA; ATLANTIC COD; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GADUS-MORHUA; DEPENDENT GROWTH; LIMITED GROWTH; MARINE FISH; NORTH-SEA; SURVIVAL AB The match-mismatch hypothesis (MMH) predicts that marine fish larvae will have their highest rate of growth and survival when they overlap with their prey. However, Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) and other gadids continue to thrive in the Bering Sea despite delayed prey production resulting from warming and loss of sea ice. In this study, we examined how temperature mediates growth and survival of Pacific cod larvae under varying match-mismatch conditions. Cod larvae were reared at two temperatures (3 degrees C and 8 degrees C) and exposed to one of five different food treatments over a 6-week period: (i) high food (HF) (match); (ii) low food (LF); (iii) HF then LF (HF-LF); and (iv) LF then HF (LF-HF) (24 mismatch); and (v) no food (NF) (complete mismatch). Results showed that cold environments allow Pacific cod larvae to bridge gaps in prey availability (i.e., timing and magnitude), but negatively impact survival over longer periods. Under warmer conditions, mismatches in prey significantly impacted growth and survival. However, both yolk reserves and compensatory growth mechanisms reduced the severity of mismatches occurring in the first 3 weeks of development. Our results demonstrate a clear need to incorporate the direct effects of temperature on fish larvae in food limitation models. C1 [Laurel, Benjamin J.; Hurst, Thomas P.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA,Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Ciannelli, Lorenzo] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Laurel, BJ (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA,Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM ben.laurel@noaa.gov RI Hurst, Thomas/N-1401-2013 FU North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) [R0605] FX Thanks to P. Iseri and M. Ottmar in the construction of laboratory facilities and to S. Haines and L. Copeman for their help with live-food cultures. We also thank B. Knoth and A. Abookire for their assistance with egg collections in the field. Boat charters were kindly provided by T. Tripp aboard the F/V Miss O. We thank I. Bradbury, A. Stoner, and M. Davis for reviewing earlier drafts of this manuscript. This project was supported with funding from the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) grant No. R0605 and is NPRB contribution No. 267. NR 43 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 20 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 68 IS 1 BP 51 EP 61 DI 10.1139/F10-130 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 718SK UT WOS:000287146300005 ER PT J AU Schueller, AM Hayes, DB AF Schueller, Amy M. Hayes, Daniel B. TI Minimum viable population size for lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) using an individual-based model of demographics and genetics SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CAPERCAILLIE TETRAO-UROGALLUS; INBREEDING DEPRESSION; VIABILITY ANALYSIS; EXTINCTION RISK; CONSERVATION GENETICS; NATURAL-POPULATION; WILD POPULATIONS; STOCHASTIC-MODEL; ATLANTIC FOREST; GREAT-LAKES AB Population viability analysis is a useful tool to explore the relationship between extinction risk and population size, but often does not include genetic factors. Our objectives were to determine minimum viable population size (MVP) for lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) and examine how inbreeding depression may affect MVP. Our individual-based model incorporated inbreeding depression in two ways: individuals with inbreeding coefficients above a threshold experienced inbreeding depression (threshold), and individuals experienced inbreeding depression at a rate related to their inbreeding coefficient (gradual). Three mechanisms relating inbreeding to fitness were explored (young-of-the-year (YOY) viability, post-YOY viability, number of progeny). The criterion we used to determine MVP was a 5% chance of extinction over 250 years. The estimated MVP without inbreeding effects was 80 individuals. For some scenarios incorporating inbreeding, MVP did not change, but for others, MVP was substantially higher, reaching values up to 1800. Results demonstrate that extinction risk and MVP can be influenced by both demographic stochasticity and inbreeding depression. This research should inform management by determining MVP and how inbreeding, which is expected to accrue in remnant populations because of generations of low abundance, may affect MVP. C1 [Schueller, Amy M.; Hayes, Daniel B.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Schueller, AM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Beaufort Lab, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM amy.schueller@noaa.gov FU Great Lakes Fishery Trust FX We thank all of the sturgeon biologists and experts who evaluated and commented on the initial parameter values for the model. We also thank Dana Infante, Michael Jones, Kim Scribner, Kyle Shertzer, and Roldan Munoz for comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. Funding was provided to this study by the Great Lakes Fishery Trust. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of NOAA. NR 91 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 7 U2 37 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 68 IS 1 BP 62 EP 73 DI 10.1139/F10-129 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 718SK UT WOS:000287146300006 ER PT J AU Clarke, LM Thorrold, SR Conover, DO AF Clarke, Lora M. Thorrold, Simon R. Conover, David O. TI Population differences in otolith chemistry have a genetic basis in Menidia menidia SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION; TRACE-ELEMENT; COUNTERGRADIENT VARIATION; ATLANTIC SILVERSIDE; QUALITY-ASSURANCE; GROWING-SEASON; MARINE FISH; GROWTH-RATE; STRONTIUM; BARIUM AB The number of studies using otolith chemistry as a tool to reconstruct the environmental history of fishes and to detect population structure continues to rise, despite the fact that factors influencing otolith deposition are not fully understood. Many studies have examined the influence of environmental parameters on otolith composition, but none to date have tested the possible influence of intrinsic factors. Using lab broodstock populations, we examined the influence of genetics and temperature on Mg:Ca, Mn:Ca, Sr:Ca, and Ba:Ca concentrations and partition coefficients in the otoliths of juvenile Atlantic silversides, Menidia menidia. Fish from two populations, South Carolina, USA, and Nova Scotia, Canada, were reared in 15, 21, and 27 degrees C. We found significant (p < 0.05) differences in otolith Mg:Ca, Mn:Ca, and Ba:Ca ratios as well as in Mg, Mn, and Ba partition coefficients among populations. Such genetic influences on otolith elemental concentrations have important implications for understanding the physiological mechanisms underlying otolith deposition and enhance the utility of otolith chemistry as a marker of fish population structure in the wild. C1 [Clarke, Lora M.; Conover, David O.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Thorrold, Simon R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02534 USA. RP Clarke, LM (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, 1315 East West Highway,Room 15728, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Lora.Clarke@noaa.gov RI Thorrold, Simon/B-7565-2012 OI Thorrold, Simon/0000-0002-1533-7517 FU US National Science Foundation [OCE-0425830, OCE-0134998]; New York State Department of Environmental Conservation FX This work was funded by the US National Science Foundation (grant OCE-0425830 to D.O.C. and OCE-0134998 to S.R.T.) and the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. We thank Chris Knakal for help with fish rearing, Scot Birdwhistell for assistance with the otolith analyses, and Sergio Sanudo for use of laboratory space. We also thank Steve Munch, Bob Cerrato, Mary Hunsicker, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 37 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 16 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 68 IS 1 BP 105 EP 114 DI 10.1139/F10-147 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 718SK UT WOS:000287146300009 ER PT J AU Berejikian, BA Van Doornik, DM Endicott, RC Hoffnagle, TL Tezak, EP Moore, ME Atkins, J AF Berejikian, Barry A. Van Doornik, Donald M. Endicott, Rob C. Hoffnagle, Timothy L. Tezak, Eugene P. Moore, Megan E. Atkins, Jeffery TI Mating success of alternative male phenotypes and evidence for frequency-dependent selection in Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (vol 67, pg 1933, 2010) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Correction C1 [Berejikian, Barry A.; Van Doornik, Donald M.; Endicott, Rob C.; Tezak, Eugene P.; Moore, Megan E.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, Manchester Res Stn, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. [Hoffnagle, Timothy L.] Eastern Oregon Univ, Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Atkins, Jeffery] Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Portland, OR 97202 USA. RP Berejikian, BA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, Manchester Res Stn, POB 130, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. EM barry.berejikian@noaa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 68 IS 1 BP 183 EP 183 DI 10.1139/F10-155 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 718SK UT WOS:000287146300015 ER PT J AU Jacobs, BW Houk, RJT Anstey, MR House, SD Robertson, IM Talin, AA Allendorf, MD AF Jacobs, Benjamin W. Houk, Ronald J. T. Anstey, Mitchell R. House, Stephen D. Robertson, Ian M. Talin, A. Alec Allendorf, Mark D. TI Ordered metal nanostructure self-assembly using metal-organic frameworks as templates SO CHEMICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AG NANOPARTICLES; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; COORDINATION; NANOMATERIALS; NANOCRYSTALS; PARTICLES; CHEMISTRY; CLUSTERS; ARRAYS AB We demonstrate that nanoporous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) loaded with silver can serve as templates for ordered nanostructures comprising either silver nanoparticles or nanowires. Exposure to an electron beam breaks down the template, leading to rapid silver coalescence. The geometric and chemical structure of the MOF, as well as the extent of metal loading, determine whether nanoparticles or nanowires are formed and define their size and orientation. Nanowires with diameters as small as 4 nm and aspect ratios >125 can be formed, overcoming the limitations of existing templating methods. This method is relatively simple, compatible with many materials, and proceeds by a distinct template-directed growth mechanism. Since MOFs offer an unprecedented level of synthetic flexibility, combined with highly uniform porosity as a result of their crystalline structure, this approach opens a promising new route for synthesis of self-assembled, ordered nanostructures. C1 [Robertson, Ian M.; Talin, A. Alec] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanosci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jacobs, Benjamin W.; Houk, Ronald J. T.; Anstey, Mitchell R.; Allendorf, Mark D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. [House, Stephen D.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Robertson, IM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanosci & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mdallen@sandia.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; OI House, Stephen/0000-0003-2035-6373 FU Sandia National Laboratories; Metal Hydrides Center of Excellence, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC36-05GO15064]; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors would like to thank Drs Patrick Feng and Raghunandan Bhakta for their technical assistance with various aspects of this project. This work was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at Sandia National Laboratories and at the University of Illinois by the Metal Hydrides Center of Excellence, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, U.S. Department of Energy under grant No. DE-FC36-05GO15064. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 35 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 10 U2 104 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2041-6520 J9 CHEM SCI JI Chem. Sci. PY 2011 VL 2 IS 3 BP 411 EP 416 DI 10.1039/c0sc00377h PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 721ON UT WOS:000287364400004 ER PT J AU McGovern, A Rosendahl, DH Brown, RA Droegemeier, KK AF McGovern, Amy Rosendahl, Derek H. Brown, Rodger A. Droegemeier, Kelvin K. TI Identifying predictive multi-dimensional time series motifs: an application to severe weather prediction SO DATA MINING AND KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY LA English DT Article DE Temporal data mining; Multi-dimensional; Severe weather ID SYSTEM ARPS; ALGORITHM AB We introduce an efficient approach to mining multi-dimensional temporal streams of real-world data for ordered temporal motifs that can be used for prediction. Since many of the dimensions of the data are known or suspected to be irrelevant, our approach first identifies the salient dimensions of the data, then the key temporal motifs within each dimension, and finally the temporal ordering of the motifs necessary for prediction. For the prediction element, the data are assumed to be labeled. We tested the approach on two real-world data sets. To verify the generality of the approach, we validated the application on several subjects from the CMU Motion Capture database. Our main application uses several hundred numerically simulated supercell thunderstorms where the goal is to identify the most important features and feature interrelationships which herald the development of strong rotation in the lowest altitudes of a storm. We identified sets of precursors, in the form of meteorological quantities reaching extreme values in a particular temporal sequence, unique to storms producing strong low-altitude rotation. The eventual goal is to use this knowledge for future severe weather detection and prediction algorithms. C1 [McGovern, Amy] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Comp Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Rosendahl, Derek H.; Droegemeier, Kelvin K.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Brown, Rodger A.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP McGovern, A (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Comp Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM amcgovern@ou.edu; drose@ou.edu; Rodger.Brown@noaa.gov; kkd@ou.edu FU National Science Foundation [REU/0453545, IIS/REU/0755462, IIS/CAREER/0746816, IIS/0840956, IIS/0938138]; NSF ERC Center for Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere (CASA) [NSF ERC 0313747]; University of Oklahoma's College of Engineering; NSF [EIA-0196217] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. REU/0453545, IIS/REU/0755462, IIS/CAREER/0746816 and corresponding REU Supplements IIS/0840956 and IIS/0938138, the NSF ERC Center for Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere (CASA, NSF ERC 0313747), and the University of Oklahoma's College of Engineering. We would also like to thank Nathan Hiers, Adrianna Kruger, and Meredith Beaton for their preliminary work on this data. The motion capture data used in this project was obtained from mocap.cs.cmu.edu and their database was created with funding from NSF EIA-0196217. NR 45 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1384-5810 J9 DATA MIN KNOWL DISC JI Data Min. Knowl. Discov. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 22 IS 1-2 BP 232 EP 258 DI 10.1007/s10618-010-0193-7 PG 27 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 703SH UT WOS:000286001100008 ER PT J AU Picquelle, SJ Mier, KL AF Picquelle, Susan J. Mier, Kathryn L. TI A practical guide to statistical methods for comparing means from two-stage sampling SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cluster sampling; Hierarchical design; Mixed model; Nested ANOVA; Pseudoreplication; Two-staged sampling ID PSEUDOREPLICATION; TESTS AB Two-staged sampling is the method of sampling populations that occur naturally in groups and is common in ecological field studies. This sampling method requires special statistical analyses that account for this sample structure. We present and compare several analytical methods for comparing means from two-stage sampling: (1) simple ANOVA ignoring sample structure, (2) unit means ANOVA, (3) Nested Mixed ANOVA, (4) restricted maximum likelihood (REML) Nested Mixed analysis, and (5) REML Nested Mixed analysis with heteroscedasticity. We consider a fisheries survey example where the independent sampling units are subsampled (i.e., hauls are the sampling unit and fish are subsampled from hauls). To evaluate the five analytical methods, we simulated 1000 samples of fish lengths subsampled from hauls in two regions with various levels of: (1) differences between the region means, (2) unbalance among numbers of hauls within regions and numbers of fish within hauls, and (3) heteroscedasticity. For each simulated sample, we tested for a difference in mean lengths between regions using each of the five methods. The inappropriate, simple ANOVA that ignored the sample structure resulted in grossly inflated Type I errors (rejecting a true null hypothesis of no difference in the means). We labeled this analysis the Pseudoreplication ANOVA based on the term "pseudoreplication" that describes the error of using a statistical analysis that assumes independence among observations when in fact the measurements are correlated. The result of this error is artificially inflated degrees of freedom, giving the illusion of having a more powerful test than the data support. The other four analyses performed well when the data were balanced and homoscedastic. When there were unequal numbers of fish per haul, the REML Nested Mixed analyses and the Unit Means ANOVA performed best. The Unequal-Variance REML Nested Mixed analysis showed clear benefit in the presence of heteroscedasticity and unbalance in hauls. For the REML Nested Mixed analysis, we compared three software packages, S-PLUS, SAS, and SYSTAT. A second simulation that compared samples with varying ratios of among-haul to among-fish variance components showed that the Pseudoreplication ANOVA was only appropriate when the haul effect yielded a p-value >0.50. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Picquelle, Susan J.; Mier, Kathryn L.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Mier, KL (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Kathy.Mier@noaa.gov NR 34 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 7 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 107 IS 1-3 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2010.09.009 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 718ID UT WOS:000287113600001 ER PT J AU Cope, JM Punt, AE AF Cope, Jason M. Punt, Andre E. TI Reconciling stock assessment and management scales under conditions of spatially varying catch histories SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Fisheries management; Serial depletion; Simulation testing; Spawning biomass; Stock structure; Stock synthesis ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; FISHING INTENSITY; POPULATION; CONNECTIVITY; RESOURCES; DYNAMICS; MODELS; SUSTAINABILITY; IDENTIFICATION AB Spatial homogeneity is the exception, not the rule, for many marine populations. Data limitations or biological knowledge gaps, though, often drive the assumption of limited stock structuring; the subsequent mismatch of model spatial scale and biological stock structure may compromise management goals. Spatial considerations thus remain a major challenge in providing managers with the best information for responsible and responsive management. This study uses simulation testing to offer a quantitative evaluation of spatial stock structure assumptions on the performance of stock assessments relative to management scales. Catch histories, not biological differences, are used to create stock structure. Simulation testing is based on an operating model of 'true' population states of nature that vary only in catch history across 9 regions. Stock assessments under various data scenarios are then performed on regions either as one aggregated assessment, or at finer area scales defined by zonal catch differences. The median absolute relative error of the terminal spawning biomass depletion is used as a performance statistic. One area stock assessments demonstrated low bias and high precision under all catch scenarios when stock structure is ignored, but perform poorly when applied to areas with differing regional catch histories. Separate area assessments grouped by zonal catch differences performed best under these circumstances, despite lower data quality, indicating the importance of identifying stock structure for management purposes. We suggest a focus on explicitly defining management units prior to conducting stock assessments with a concomitant resolve to increase data provisions at the resolution of management needs. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cope, Jason M.] NOAA Fisheries, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Cope, Jason M.; Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Cope, JM (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM jason.cope@noaa.gov OI Punt, Andre/0000-0001-8489-2488 FU National Marine Fisheries Service grant [NA04NMF4550330] FX We acknowledge funding through a National Marine Fisheries Service grant (NA04NMF4550330). We thank J. Hastie, R. Hilborn, S. Heppell, and R. Methot and two anonymous reviewers for providing important comments that greatly improved the presentation of this work. NR 68 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 107 IS 1-3 BP 22 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2010.10.002 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 718ID UT WOS:000287113600003 ER PT J AU Williams, D Mortazawi, A AF Williams, D. Mortazawi, A. TI Editorial (vol 58, pg 2073, 2010) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Correction C1 [Williams, D.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Mortazawi, A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Williams, D (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 59 IS 1 BP 206 EP 206 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2010.2090692 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 705DP UT WOS:000286109400023 ER PT J AU Zhao, TXP Loeb, NG Laszlo, I Zhou, M AF Zhao, Tom X. -P. Loeb, Norman G. Laszlo, Istvan Zhou, Mi TI Global component aerosol direct radiative effect at the top of atmosphere SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION MODELS; ENERGY SYSTEM INSTRUMENT; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; FLUX ESTIMATION; GOCART MODEL; SATELLITE; CLOUDS; MODIS; PRODUCTS; OCEANS AB The two-step approach of combining Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES)/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) shortwave (SW) flux and aerosol optical thickness (AOT) at 0.55m with the component AOT fractions from the Goddard Space Flight Centre (GSFC)/Goddard Global Ozone Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport (GOCART) model to derive top of atmosphere (TOA) component aerosol direct radiative effect (ADRE) over the global cloud-free oceans proposed by the first author in a previous publication has been extended to cloud-free land areas for nearly global coverage. Validation has also been performed by comparing the ADRE computation with calculations from the Fu-Liou radiative transfer model at globally distributed AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) sites by using the aerosol optical properties observed from AERONET and surface reflectance obtained from MODIS observations as the model inputs. The promising validation results provide support for extending the two-step approach from global clear-sky oceans to global clear-sky land areas. The global annual mean values of ADRE for clear-sky condition are +0.3 +/- 0.2W m-2 for black carbon, -1.0 +/- 0.6W m-2 for organic carbon; -2.3 +/- 0.7W m-2 for sulphate; -1.6 +/- 0.5W m-2 for dust; -2.2 +/- 0.6W m-2 for sea salt; -2.4 +/- 0.8W m-2 for anthropogenic aerosol; -4.5 +/- 1.2W m-2 for natural aerosol; and -6.8 +/- 1.7W m-2 for total aerosols. For global average cloudy skies, the all-sky values of component ADRE are about 42% of their clear-sky counterparts. The major sources of uncertainty in the estimates are also discussed. C1 [Zhao, Tom X. -P.] NOAA NESDIS, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Loeb, Norman G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Laszlo, Istvan] NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Zhou, Mi] IM Syst Grp Inc, Kensington, MD 20895 USA. RP Zhao, TXP (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM Xuepeng.Zhao@noaa.gov RI Laszlo, Istvan/F-5603-2010 OI Laszlo, Istvan/0000-0002-5747-9708 FU NCDC; NASA [RSP-0022-0005] FX We would like to acknowledge the NASA CERES project for providing the CERES/MODIS data and Dr Mian Chin at the NASA GSFC for providing GOCART model data. Proofreading of the manuscript by Drs Ken Knapp and Huaimin Zhang at the NCDC is greatly appreciated. Dr Zhao is supported by the CDR program at the NCDC and the NASA Radiation Program managed by Dr Hal Maring through grant RSP-0022-0005. Dr Laszlo also acknowledges the funding support by the NASA Radiation Program. Constructive comments and encouragement from two anonymous reviewers are gratefully acknowledged. We also appreciate the effort of Editor Costas Varotsos for organizing the special issue of International Journal of Remote Sensing on the role of remote sensing in monitoring the climate change. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2011 VL 32 IS 3 BP 633 EP 655 AR PII 934099715 DI 10.1080/01431161.2010.517790 PG 23 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 726QG UT WOS:000287740600004 ER PT J AU Awan, IA Burgess, DR Tsang, W Manion, JA AF Awan, Iftikhar A. Burgess, Donald R., Jr. Tsang, Wing Manion, Jeffrey A. TI Shock tube study of the decomposition of cyclopentyl radicals SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Cyclopentyl; Pentenyl; Decomposition; Kinetics; Pyrolysis ID THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; ALKYL RADICALS; ISOMERIZATION; HYDROCARBONS; ENTHALPIES; DEPENDENCE; PYROLYSIS; MECHANISM; PRESSURE; PENTENES AB The kinetics of the thermal decomposition of cyclopentyl radicals has been studied in a single-pulse shock tube over a temperature range of 950-1116 K and pressures of 2.3-3.4 bar. Cyclopentyl radicals were generated by abstraction of H from cyclopentane by H atoms, which were produced by the thermal decomposition of hexamethylethane. Products were analyzed using dual-column gas chromatography under cryogenic conditions with simultaneous flame-ionization and mass-spectrometric detection. The main stable products resulting from the decomposition of cyclopentyl radicals are ethene and cyclopentene. These results are consistent with the interconversion of cyclopentyl and pent-4-en-1-yl radicals. The product branching ratio of ethene to cyclopentene is determined as [ethene]/[cyclopentene] = (8.2 +/- 0.7) exp [-(1067 +/- 88)/T), where the listed uncertainty (1 sigma) is from the statistical analysis. The overall accuracy in our measurement of the branching ratio is estimated at about 8% (1 sigma). In contrast to previous estimates, ring opening of cyclopentyl is found to be faster than ejection of a hydrogen atom. The former reaction is favored by about a factor of three. An RRKM/Master Equation treatment was adopted to assign the rate parameters to elementary reactions. Details of the model and its compatibility with the present and literature results are presented. Kinetic results for the pyrolysis of cyclopentyl and pent-4-en-1-yl radicals have been derived over relevant combustion conditions [0.1-1000 bar, 700-1900 K]. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Awan, Iftikhar A.; Burgess, Donald R., Jr.; Tsang, Wing; Manion, Jeffrey A.] NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Manion, JA (reprint author), NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeffrey.manion@nist.gov FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Julian M. Tishkoff, Program Manager, for support. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2011 VL 33 BP 341 EP 349 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2010.06.109 PN 1 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 700XZ UT WOS:000285780200029 ER PT J AU Baxter, MA Schumacher, PN Boustead, JM AF Baxter, Martin A. Schumacher, Philip N. Boustead, Joshua M. TI The use of potential vorticity inversion to evaluate the effect of precipitation on downstream mesoscale processes SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE cold season precipitation; midlatitude cyclones; diabatic effects; frontogenesis ID AMERICAN REGIONAL REANALYSIS; LATENT-HEAT RELEASE; EXTRATROPICAL CYCLONES; NUMERICAL PREDICTION; CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; MOISTURE TRANSPORT; BAROCLINIC WAVES; BOUNDARY-LAYER; UNITED-STATES; PART I AB The influence of precipitation near the surface warm front on precipitation downstream is evaluated. A two-way nested simulation is computed for two selected cases: 13-15 February 2003 and 3-5 January 2005. The results of the simulation are compared with output from the North American Regional Reanalysis dataset, which is used as a high-resolution proxy for true atmospheric conditions. The relevant physical processes in the generation and maintenance of precipitation poleward of other precipitation areas are analysed, along with perturbation potential vorticity (PV) fields. Piecewise PV inversion is used to determine height and wind fields associated with the perturbation PV. These height and flow fields are used to compute derived quantities such as balanced deformation, balanced temperature perturbation, and balanced moisture flux. Both cases illustrate that the role of rainfall near surface warm fronts on precipitation downstream is complex, and is associated with more than just moisture flux. The strength, depth and orientation of diabatically generated PV anomalies within these areas of rainfall are associated with mesoscale processes relevant to the maintenance of downstream precipitation. Lastly, this work presents a methodology for analysing the role of precipitation in individual events. Copyright (C) 2011 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Baxter, Martin A.] Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Geol & Meteorol, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. [Schumacher, Philip N.] NOAA, NWS WFO Sioux Falls, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Boustead, Joshua M.] NOAA, NWS WFO Omaha Valley, Omaha, NE USA. RP Baxter, MA (reprint author), Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Geol & Meteorol, 314 Brooks Hall, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. EM baxte1ma@cmich.edu FU Cooperative Program for Operational Meteorology, Education, and Training [207-62782] FX This research was supported by grant 207-62782 provided by the Cooperative Program for Operational Meteorology, Education, and Training. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of NOAA or its sub-agencies. The authors wish to thank Christopher Davis (NCAR) for his provision of the PV inversion code, Michael Brennan (TPC) for his modifications to this code, and Gary Lackmann (NC State) for his thoughtful review of an initial draft. The authors are grateful for the comments by two anonymous reviewers. NR 56 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 137 IS 654 BP 179 EP 198 DI 10.1002/qj.730 PN A PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 724QX UT WOS:000287592400012 ER PT J AU Smith, RK Spengler, T AF Smith, Roger K. Spengler, Thomas TI The dynamics of heat lows over elevated terrain SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE heat trough; thermal low; thermal trough; radiation scheme; baroclinic zone; orography ID THERMAL LOW; BOUNDARY-LAYER; FIELD CAMPAIGN; SIMPLE-MODEL; AUSTRALIA; TROUGH; CIRCULATIONS AB Orographic effects on the dynamics of heat lows are investigated in an idealized flow configuration using a hydrostatic numerical model. The behaviour of the heat low that forms over a plateau-like orography on a circular island is compared with that when the island is flat, and that when the plateau is surrounded by land instead of sea. In all cases, a broad-scale, negative radial gradient of potential temperature forms in the daytime mixed layer over land. The presence of orography enhances the broad-scale baroclinicity over the orographic slope due to the identical heating of a column of air with a reduced mass, i.e. lower surface pressure. In the absence of sea, the baroclinicity is solely confined to the slope of the orography. The broad-scale potential temperature gradient results in an overturning circulation in the lowest few kilometres, which is separate from the shallower and more intense sea breeze circulation in the island cases. The presence of orography leads to a stronger overturning circulation via enhanced baroclinicity. In the case without sea, both the overturning circulation and tangential circulation are closely tied to the orography. The overturning circulation advects absolute angular momentum inwards to spin up the low-level circulation, despite some frictional loss of angular momentum en route. During the night, radiative cooling over the land leads to a strong nocturnal low-level jet that amplifies the spin-up process. During the daytime, the cyclone weakens as the angular momentum is convectively mixed through a deep layer. The study extends an earlier one of Reichmann and Smith and corrects some details in their model. The results offer a refined interpretation of the Atlantic inflow to the Saharan heat low, described recently by Grams et al., and emphasize the role of orography in the formation of the inland baroclinic zone, which is a feature thereof. Copyright (C) 2011 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Smith, Roger K.] Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, D-80333 Munich, Germany. [Spengler, Thomas] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Smith, RK (reprint author), Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, Theresienstr 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany. EM roger.smith@lmu.de NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 137 IS 654 BP 250 EP 263 DI 10.1002/qj.737 PN A PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 724QX UT WOS:000287592400017 ER PT J AU Hind, AJ Rauschenberg, CD Johnson, JE Yang, M Matrai, PA AF Hind, A. J. Rauschenberg, C. D. Johnson, J. E. Yang, M. Matrai, P. A. TI The use of algorithms to predict surface seawater dimethyl sulphide concentrations in the SE Pacific, a region of steep gradients in primary productivity, biomass and mixed layer depth SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; DMS CONCENTRATIONS; SOLAR-RADIATION; SARGASSO SEA; DIMETHYLSULFONIOPROPIONATE DMSP; ATMOSPHERIC DIMETHYLSULFIDE; GAS-EXCHANGE; OCEAN; SULFUR; STRATOCUMULUS AB Dimethyl sulphide (DMS) is an important precursor of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), particularly in the remote marine atmosphere. The SE Pacific is consistently covered with a persistent stratocumulus layer that increases the albedo over this large area. It is not certain whether the source of CCN to these clouds is natural and oceanic or anthropogenic and terrestrial. This unknown currently limits our ability to reliably model either the cloud behaviour or the oceanic heat budget of the region. In order to better constrain the marine source of CCN, it is necessary to have an improved understanding of the sea-air flux of DMS. Of the factors that govern the magnitude of this flux, the greatest unknown is the surface seawater DMS concentration. In the study area, there is a paucity of such data, although previous measurements suggest that the concentration can be substantially variable. In order to overcome such data scarcity, a number of climatologies and algorithms have been devised in the last decade to predict seawater DMS. Here we test some of these in the SE Pacific by comparing predictions with measurements of surface seawater made during the Vamos Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx) in October and November of 2008. We conclude that none of the existing algorithms reproduce local variability in seawater DMS in this region very well. From these findings, we recommend the best algorithm choice for the SE Pacific and suggest lines of investigation for future work. C1 [Hind, A. J.; Rauschenberg, C. D.; Matrai, P. A.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, W Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 USA. [Yang, M.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Johnson, J. E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hind, AJ (reprint author), Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, 180 McKown Point Rd, W Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 USA. EM ajhind@googlemail.com OI Yang, Mingxi/0000-0002-8321-5984 FU NSF [OCE-0741817] FX We thank Barry Huebert and Rebecca Simpson for their assistance in operating and QC'ing the semi-continuous DMS data; Fiamma Straneo and Carlos Moffat for performing the MLD calculations; Chris Bretherton and his group for the SW radiation data; Thomas Balch for his help in processing the in situ UV data; and Robert Weller and Chris Bretherton for their leadership in the field. Victoria Hill kindly loaned us the Satlantic radiometer. We also thank Sergio Vallina for sharing the recalculated de Boyer Montegut et al. MLD dataset, Alan Longhurst for the useful spreadsheets, and Tom Bell, Chris Miles and Jamie Kettle for useful advice. Julia Cotterill patiently proof read the final version. Finally, we thank S. Belviso and an anonymous reviewer for their most helpful comments and suggestions. Financial support for this work was provided by an NSF Chemical Oceanography grant (OCE-0741817). NR 60 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2011 VL 8 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.5194/bg-8-1-2011 PG 16 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 713GG UT WOS:000286722500001 ER PT J AU Widegren, JA Bruno, TJ AF Widegren, Jason A. Bruno, Thomas J. TI Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Kerosene-Based Rocket Propellants. 3. RP-2 with Varying Concentrations of the Stabilizing Additive 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroquinoline SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID OIL (RCO/LCO)-DERIVED STABILIZERS; SIMILAR HYDROCARBON MIXTURES; HIGH-TEMPERATURE STABILIZERS; SINK JET FUELS; HYDROGEN DONORS; N-DODECANE; MODEL; PYROLYSIS; JP-8 AB The thermal stability of the kerosene-based rocket propellant RP-2 with varying concentrations of the stabilizing additive 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (THQ) was investigated. The mixtures (by mass) were RP-2 + 0.1% THQ, RP-2 + 0.5% THQ, RP-2 + 1% THQ, and RP-2 + 5% THQ. These were thermally stressed in sealed stainless-steel reactors at 400 C for 1-4 h. The approximate initial pressure at the reaction temperature was 34.5 M Pa (5000 psi). The extent of decomposition as a function of time was determined by analyzing the thermally stressed liquid phase by gas chromatography. The results with each THQ mixture were compared to the thermal stability of neat RP-2 under the same conditions. The thermal stability of the mixtures showed a clear dependence upon the concentration of THQ. For example, the addition of 5% THQ slowed the rate of decomposition by approximately an order of magnitude, and the addition of 0.5% THQ slowed the rate of decomposition by approximately 50%. We also report the results of another potential stabilizing additive, trans-decahydronaphthalene (decalin). We tested the thermal stability of RP-2 + 5 mass % decalin at temperatures of 375, 400, 425, and 450 degrees C. Unlike THQ, the addition of 5% decalin to RP-2 had no significant effect on the thermal stability of RP-2 in this temperature range. C1 [Widegren, Jason A.; Bruno, Thomas J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) [MIPR F1SBAA8022G001] FX We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) (MIPR F1SBAA8022G001). We thank Matthew Billingsley (AFRL, Edwards Air Force Base) and Ronald Bates [Chemical Propulsion Information Analysis Center (CPIAC)] for useful discussions, especially during the planning stages of these experiments. We also thank Matthew Billingsley for supplying the RP-2. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JAN PY 2011 VL 25 BP 288 EP 292 DI 10.1021/ef101376k PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 721ID UT WOS:000287345900036 ER PT J AU Miller, MW Piniak, GA Williams, DE AF Miller, M. W. Piniak, G. A. Williams, D. E. TI Coral mass bleaching and reef temperatures at Navassa Island, 2006 SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Caribbean; species susceptibility; bleaching prediction; climatology; prevalence; depth ID REMOTE CARIBBEAN ISLAND; REGION-WIDE DECLINES; US VIRGIN-ISLANDS; ST-CROIX; NATIONAL MONUMENT; DISEASE OUTBREAK; THERMAL-STRESS; WATER-QUALITY; EVENT; FLORIDA AB Bleaching and associated mortality is an extreme threat to the persistence of coral populations in the projected warming regime of the next few decades. Recent evidence indicates that thermal bleaching thresholds may be affected by water quality gradients. The unexpected encounter of a coral mass bleaching event at a remote, uninhabited Caribbean island (Navassa) during a routine reef assessment cruise in November 2006 provided the opportunity to characterize bleaching responses and thermal exposure in an oceanic area with negligible continental influence or human impact on water quality. The coral taxa most susceptible to bleaching were Agaricia spp. and Montastraea faveolata. Siderastraea siderea, Diploria spp. and Porites porites were intermediately affected, while Porites astreoides and Montastraea cavemosa were minimally affected and negligible bleaching was observed in Acropora palmata. Bleaching prevalence (colonies > 4 cm diameter) ranged from 016 to 0.63 among sites. Deeper sites (between 18 and 37 m) had significantly higher prevalence of bleaching than shallow sites (<10 m). This general pattern of more bleaching in deeper sites also occurred within species. Though exposure to high-temperature stress was not greater at deeper sites, water motion, which may bolster bleaching resistance, was likely less. In situ loggers indicated temperatures over 30 C initiated at shallow sites in mid-August, at deeper sites in early September, and were persistent at all sites until mid-October. Long term (1983-2007) climatologies constructed from AVHRR SSTs suggest that the mass bleaching event observed at Navassa in 2006 corresponded with greater intensity and duration of warm temperature anomalies than occurred in 2005, for which no in situ observations (bleaching nor temperature) are available. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Miller, M. W.; Williams, D. E.] NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Piniak, G. A.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Williams, D. E.] Univ Miami Cooperat, Inst Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Miller, MW (reprint author), NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM margaret.w.miller@noaa.gov OI Williams, Dana/0000-0002-9660-5359 FU NOAA; Southeast Fisheries Science Center; National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science; Navassa National Wildlife Refuge [41529-2006-01, 41529-2006-03]; R/V Coral Reef II FX This study was supported by the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program, the Southeast Fisheries Science Center, and the National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science. The work was performed under the auspices of Navassa National Wildlife Refuge Special Use Permits #41529-2006-01 and #41529-2006-03 and supported by the able platforms and crew of the R/V Coral Reef II and the NOAA Ship Nancy Foster. Field assistance by D. McClellan, K.L. Kramer, and the scientific party of NOAA cruise NF-06-05 is greatly appreciated. D. McClellan assisted with preparation of the map. Jamie Rhome kindly provided guidance on wind field data. We also thank D. Manzello and two anonymous reviewers for comments that significantly improved the text. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 91 IS 1 BP 42 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2010.10.005 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 715AF UT WOS:000286852100005 ER PT J AU Wang, DL Watson, SS Sung, LP Tseng, IH Bouis, CJ Fernando, R AF Wang, Deborah L. Watson, Stephanie S. Sung, Li-Piin Tseng, I-Hsiang Bouis, Craig J. Fernando, Raymond TI Effect of TiO2 pigment type on the UV degradation of filled coatings SO JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Laser scanning confocal microscopy; Photoreactivity; Polymeric coating; Titanium dioxide; Ultraviolet degradation ID POLYMERS AB The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the photoreactivity of titanium dioxide (TiO2) pigments on the photodegradation of polymeric coatings used in exterior applications. Two polymer matrices, an amine-cured epoxy (EP) and an acrylic urethane (AU), containing three types of TiO2 pigments, classified by different levels of photoreactivity, were studied. Specimens were exposed on an ultraviolet (UV) weathering chamber, the Simulated Photodegradation by High Energy Radiant Exposure device at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Two exposure conditions were used: ambient, dry condition [25A degrees C and 0% relative humidity (RH)] and high temperature, wet condition (55A degrees C and 75% RH), which is similar to more severe outdoor exposures. The physical and chemical degradations of the filled coatings were monitored at periodic intervals using a combination of laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Progression of degradation on the coating surfaces was characterized by LSCM in terms of changes in surface roughness and morphology, pigment agglomerate size, and the occurrence of pits or holes in the coatings. The observed physical changes were correlated to the chemical changes measured by ATR-FTIR as a function of UV exposure time. Both EP and AU systems showed less degradation in terms of surface roughness and morphological changes under the dry conditions compared to the wet exposure conditions. It was observed that both the pigment type (and hence photoreactivity) and particle dispersion strongly affected the degradation of both EP and AU systems. C1 [Wang, Deborah L.; Fernando, Raymond] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Chem & Biochem, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [Wang, Deborah L.; Watson, Stephanie S.; Sung, Li-Piin; Tseng, I-Hsiang] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bouis, Craig J.] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. RP Wang, DL (reprint author), Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Chem & Biochem, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. EM deborah.wang@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU National Science Foundation at NIST FX The authors would like to thank Paul Stutzman of NIST for the SEM images, Justin Lucas and Peter Krommenhoek of California Polytechnic State University for initial LSCM images. Research support for Craig Bouis was provided by the National Science Foundation through the Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Program at NIST. NR 14 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1547-0091 J9 J COAT TECHNOL RES JI J. Coat. Technol. Res. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 8 IS 1 BP 19 EP 33 DI 10.1007/s11998-009-9216-y PG 15 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 712LJ UT WOS:000286668000003 ER PT J AU Preston, JS Fu, RS Pasaogullari, U Hussey, DS Jacobson, DL AF Preston, Joshua S. Fu, Richard S. Pasaogullari, Ugur Hussey, Daniel S. Jacobson, David L. TI Consideration of the Role of Micro-Porous Layer on Liquid Water Distribution in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GAS-DIFFUSION LAYER; MICROPOROUS LAYER; INTERFACIAL MORPHOLOGY; TRANSPORT; PEMFC; MEDIA; MODEL; PERFORMANCE; MANAGEMENT; MEMBRANES AB Evidence of a region of gradual property change between the micro-porous layer and the macroporous layer of bilayer diffusion media is presented, and a mathematical model describing the effects of this gradual interfacial region is developed. The model results in a continuous liquid water saturation distribution across the diffusion media compared to the sharp discontinuity in the liquid phase saturation predicted by the earlier sudden interface models. High-resolution neutron radiography is used to measure the water content profile across the diffusion media, and the results are compared with the model predictions. The effect of the geometric blur, and uncertainty in-neutron radiography, is accounted for by applying the effects of geometric blur to model results. When the blur is considered, the neutron radiography results are found to be very similar to model predictions. (C) 2010 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3525626] All rights reserved. C1 [Preston, Joshua S.; Fu, Richard S.; Pasaogullari, Ugur] Univ Connecticut, Dept Mech Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Preston, Joshua S.; Fu, Richard S.; Pasaogullari, Ugur] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Clean Energy Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Hussey, Daniel S.; Jacobson, David L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Preston, JS (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Mech Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM ugur.pasaogullari@uconn.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Pasaogullari, Ugur/D-8761-2013 FU U.S. Department of Commerce; NIST Ionizing Radiation Division; office of NIST; NIST Center for Neutron Research; Department of Energy interagency [DE-AI-01-01EE50660]; National Science Foundation [CBET-0748063] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Commerce, the NIST Ionizing Radiation Division, the Director's office of NIST, the NIST Center for Neutron Research, and the Department of Energy interagency agreement no. DE-AI-01-01EE50660. Financial support for this work from National Science Foundation Grant no. CBET-0748063 is also acknowledged. The authors thank E. Baltic for his assistance in conducting the neutron imaging experiments. NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 2 BP B239 EP B246 DI 10.1149/1.3525626 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 700SW UT WOS:000285765600044 ER PT J AU Harman, GG AF Harman, George G. TI SPECIAL ISSUE COPPER WIRE BONDING Preface SO MICROELECTRONICS RELIABILITY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NIST, SE Semicond Elect Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Harman, GG (reprint author), NIST, SE Semicond Elect Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM george.harman@nist.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0026-2714 J9 MICROELECTRON RELIAB JI Microelectron. Reliab. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 51 IS 1 SI SI BP 3 EP 3 DI 10.1016/j.microrel.2010.12.003 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 717OO UT WOS:000287057500002 ER PT J AU Klouda, GA Fletcher, RA Gillen, JG Verkouteren, JR AF Klouda, George A. Fletcher, Robert A. Gillen, J. Greg Verkouteren, Jennifer R. TI Aerosol Collection Efficiency of a Graded Metal-Fiber Filter at High Airflow Velocity (10 m s(-1)) SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARTICLES AB A non-woven graded metal-fiber filter was characterized for its collection efficiency as a function of particle size at an airflow velocity of 10 m s(-1). Efficiencies were determined by generating a monodisperse aerosol of polystyrene latex (PSL) spheres and oleic acid liquid particles of measured concentration with and without the filter present. For PSL spheres <= 0.7 mu m, the collection efficiencies follow theoretical single-fiber collision efficiency (Ptak and Jaroszczyk 1990). Above 0.7 mu m diameter (Stokes number 0.8), PSL collection efficiency exhibits a general decreasing trend with increasing particle size suggesting particle bounce. Although this trend is consistent with measured single-fiber collection (collision and adhesion) efficiency for Stokes numbers in the range of 0.2 to 22 (Rembor et al. 1999; Ptak and Jaroszczyk 1990), the magnitude of the filter efficiency is less. For 1 mu m to 4 mu m PSL, the average collection efficiency is 0.43 (expanded uncertainty (U) of 0.08, n = 6). In the case of particles having very different surface adhesion, e. g., oleic acid (sticky) aerosol, the collection efficiency for >= 1 mu m diameter particles is nearly 1.00. This is in accordance with the theoretical collision efficiency as expected for particles with high adhesion. PSL tests performed on a filter coated with a syntheticoil (aerosol) deposit (32.9 mu g mm(-2) +/- 0.4 mu g mm(-2)) improved the collection efficiency for PSL >= 0.7 mu m to nearly 1.00. Particles that are deposited by interception-inertial impaction at 10ms(-1) airflow velocity depend on the particle and fiber adhesion properties. C1 [Klouda, George A.; Fletcher, Robert A.; Gillen, J. Greg; Verkouteren, Jennifer R.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Klouda, GA (reprint author), NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Bldg 217,Rm A203,100 Bur Dr,Stop 8371, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM george.klouda@nist.gov NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2011 VL 45 IS 3 BP 336 EP 342 DI 10.1080/02786826.2010.537399 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 712HA UT WOS:000286655700004 ER PT J AU Richards, BL Williams, ID Nadon, MO Zgliczynski, BJ AF Richards, Benjamin L. Williams, Ivor D. Nadon, Marc O. Zgliczynski, Brian J. TI A TOWED-DIVER SURVEY METHOD FOR MESOSCALE FISHERY-INDEPENDENT ASSESSMENT OF LARGE-BODIED REEF FISHES SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID UNDERWATER VISUAL SURVEYS; NATURAL FISHING EXPERIMENTS; MARINE RESERVES 1983-1993; LIFE-HISTORY; SPECIES RICHNESS; HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; STRIP TRANSECT; FLORIDA-KEYS; HABITAT; POPULATIONS AB Coral reef fishes are ecologically and economically important, particularly the largest species and individuals, which often include top predators, as they show disproportionate fecundity and generally make up the basis of nearshore fisheries. Large-bodied coral reef fishes can be difficult to sample using conventional survey methods, because they are often relatively rare, have comparatively large home ranges, and can exhibit behaviors that influence their "sightability." We describe a towed-diver survey that can be used to assess populations of these fishes in which a pair of SCUBA divers maneuver "towboard" dive planes and record the abundance and size of large-bodied (> 50 cm TL) reef fishes while being towed at slow speed behind a small boat for 50 min. The resulting biological data are georeferenced, allowing for location-based comparison with habitat and environmental data. Comparisons with conventional belt transect surveys within the same reef and habitats reveal similar archipelagic patterns, but show some key differences. Encounter rates and statistical power are generally higher using the towed-diver method, and taxa that show behavioral responses to SCUBA divers exhibit different abundance and distribution patterns with each method. The scale of the towed-diver survey allows for more complete and representative coverage of the shallow-water reef environment, resulting in improved large-scale estimates of the density and spatial distribution of large-bodied reef fishes. As a result, the towed-diver method provides managers and scientists with an additional tool for assessing the distribution and status of large-bodied reef fish stocks. C1 [Richards, Benjamin L.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Zool, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Richards, Benjamin L.; Williams, Ivor D.; Nadon, Marc O.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Richards, Benjamin L.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Zgliczynski, Brian J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. RP Richards, BL (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Zool, 2538 McCarthy Mall,Edmonson 152, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM Benjamin.Richards@noaa.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service Office of Habitat Conservation; NOAA FX This work is part of an interdisciplinary effort by the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Coral Reef Ecosystem Division to assess, understand, and monitor coral-reef ecosystems in the US Pacific. We thank the multitude of CRED towed divers who, over the past 10 yrs, have been particularly instrumental in collecting these data. Special thanks go to F Parrish, E De Martini, and R Boland of the PIFSC, who initially developed the CRED towed-diver method. We would also like to thank the officers and crews of the NOAA Ships TOWNSEND CROMWELL, HI'IALAKAI, and OSCAR ELTON SETTE for logistic support and field assistance. V Khurana was instrumental in bringing the disparate data sets into a centralized database, thereby making this analysis possible. Permission to work in the NWHI was granted by the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior, and the State of Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources. Permission to work in the Mariana Archipelago was granted by the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) Division of Fish and Wildlife, Coastal Resources Management Office, Division of Environmental Quality, and the Guam Division of Aquatic and Wildlife Resources. The National Marine Fisheries Service Office of Habitat Conservation and NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program provided funding for this work. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the convenience of the reader and does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 63 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 16 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 EI 1553-6955 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 87 IS 1 BP 55 EP 74 DI 10.5343/bms.2010.1019 PG 20 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 712YK UT WOS:000286702000005 ER PT J AU Beerkircher, LR Serafy, JE AF Beerkircher, Lawrence R. Serafy, Joseph E. TI USING HEAD MEASUREMENTS TO DISTINGUISH WHITE MARLIN KAJIKIA ALBIDA FROM ROUNDSCALE SPEARFISH TETRAPTURUS GEORGII IN THE WESTERN NORTH ATLANTIC SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The morphometric characteristics that separate white marlin Kajikia albida (Poey, 1860) from roundscale spearfish Tetrapturus georgii Lowe, 1841 can be difficult for non-experts to distinguish, particularly when the animals are in the water. Using the measurements of the lower jaw tip to the longest branchiostegal ray (LJBR) and the opercle (LJOP), a discriminant function is presented that will help field observers separate the two species. The function D(R-W) = LJBR (3.31861) + LJOP (-2.84856) -6.37198 classified specimens as roundscale spearfish when D(R-W) was > 0 and as white marlin when D(R-W) < 0 with a 95% correct classification rate overall. Since only the head of a specimen needs to be closely observed, the method has particular utility for tournament anglers during the hook removal process. C1 [Beerkircher, Lawrence R.; Serafy, Joseph E.] SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Beerkircher, LR (reprint author), SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM lawrence.r.beerkircher@noaa.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 87 IS 1 BP 147 EP 153 DI 10.5343/bms.2010.1036 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 712YK UT WOS:000286702000010 ER PT J AU Hoang, C Rim, D Wallace, L Persily, A AF Hoang, Chi Rim, Donghuyn Wallace, Lance Persily, Andrew TI Nucleation of Nanosized Particles (3-100 nm) From Ozone and D-Limonene Reaction SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Conference of International-Society-of-Exposure-Science/International-Society-for-Envi ronmental-Epidemiology CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2010 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP Int Soc Exposure Sci, Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Hoang, Chi; Rim, Donghuyn; Wallace, Lance; Persily, Andrew] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Wallace, Lance/K-7264-2013 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1044-3983 EI 1531-5487 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JAN PY 2011 VL 22 IS 1 SU S BP S37 EP S37 DI 10.1097/01.ede.0000391772.06645.a2 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 695VN UT WOS:000285400800080 ER PT J AU Davis, WC Long, SE AF Davis, W. Clay. Long, Stephen E. TI Measurements of methylmercury, ethylmercury, and inorganic mercury species in a whole blood standard reference material: SRM 955c-Toxic Elements in Caprine Blood SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT JAAS Symposium CY NOV 23, 2010 CL Tsinghua Univ, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA HO Tsinghua Univ ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; ISOTOPE-DILUTION ANALYSIS; BIOLOGICAL REFERENCE MATERIALS; SPECIATION ANALYSIS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SAMPLE PREPARATION; FRESH-FROZEN; CERTIFICATION; SEDIMENTS; TISSUES AB Trace elemental speciation analysis is assuming more critical importance in nutritional and toxicological assessments, and despite the necessity to quantitatively differentiate elemental species in environmental and clinical samples, there are a limited number of reference materials suitable for this purpose. A whole blood certified reference material, SRM 955c Toxic Elements in Caprine Blood was developed for the determination of toxic metals in whole blood including mercury. The certification of methylmercury, ethylmercury, and inorganic mercury was carried out by triple spike speciated isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (TS-SID-GC/ICP-MS) and represents the first whole blood material certified for three mercury species. The certified values (+/-expanded uncertainty) of methylmercury, ethylmercury, inorganic mercury and total mercury in SRM 955c are 4.5 +/- 1.0 mg L-1, 5.1 +/- 0.5 mg L-1, 9.0 +/- 1.3 mg L-1, and 17.8 +/- 1.6 mg L-1 respectively. C1 [Davis, W. Clay.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Long, Stephen E.] NIST, Ctr Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Davis, WC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM clay.davis@nist.gov NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 17 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2011 VL 26 IS 2 BP 431 EP 435 DI 10.1039/c0ja00175a PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 711TG UT WOS:000286613700021 ER PT J AU Bentz, DP Peltz, MA Duran-Herrera, A Valdez, P Juarez, CA AF Bentz, D. P. Peltz, M. A. Duran-Herrera, A. Valdez, P. Juarez, C. A. TI Thermal properties of high-volume fly ash mortars and concretes SO JOURNAL OF BUILDING PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE building technology; density; high-volume fly ash; specific heat capacity; sustainability; thermal conductivity ID MINERAL ADMIXTURES; THERMOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES; LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE; CONDUCTIVITY; CEMENTS AB As sustainability moves to the forefront of construction, the utilization of high-volume fly ash concrete mixtures to reduce CO(2) emissions and cement consumption per unit volume of concrete placed is receiving renewed interest. Concrete mixtures in which the fly ash replaces 50% or more of the Portland cement are both economically and technically viable. This article focuses on a characterization of the thermal properties, namely, specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity, of such mixtures. Both the raw materials and the finished products (mortars and concretes) are evaluated using a transient plane source method. Because the specimens being examined are well hydrated, estimates of the specific heat capacity based on a law of mixtures, with a 'bound water' specific heat capacity value being employed for the water in the mixture, provide reasonable predictions of the measured performance. As with most materials, thermal conductivity is found to be a function of density, while also being dependent on whether the aggregate source is siliceous or limestone. The measured values should provide a useful database for evaluating the thermal performance of high-volume fly ash concrete structures. C1 [Bentz, D. P.; Peltz, M. A.] NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Duran-Herrera, A.; Valdez, P.; Juarez, C. A.] Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon, Acad Grp Concrete Technol, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. RP Bentz, DP (reprint author), NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8615, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dale.bentz@nist.gov RI UANL, FIC-UANL/O-5444-2015 NR 26 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 7 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1744-2591 J9 J BUILD PHYS JI J. Build Phys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 34 IS 3 BP 263 EP 275 DI 10.1177/1744259110376613 PG 13 WC Construction & Building Technology SC Construction & Building Technology GA 700LQ UT WOS:000285743400004 ER PT J AU Park, TW Ho, CH Yang, S AF Park, Tae-Won Ho, Chang-Hoi Yang, Song TI Relationship between the Arctic Oscillation and Cold Surges over East Asia SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID WINTER MONSOON; INTRASEASONAL AMPLIFICATION; INTERANNUAL VARIATION; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; AIR OUTBREAKS; EDDIES; PRECIPITATION; TRAJECTORIES; STRATOSPHERE; TEMPERATURE AB The present study reveals the changes in the characteristics of cold surges over East Asia associated with the Arctic Oscillation (AO). Based on circulation features, cold surges are grouped into two general types: wave train and blocking types. The blocking type of cold surge tends to occur during negative AO periods, that is, the AO-related polarity of the blocking type. However, the wave train type is observed during both positive and negative AO periods, although the wave train features associated with negative AO are relatively weaker. The cold surges during negative AO are stronger than those during positive AO in terms of both amplitude and duration. The cold surges during positive AO in which the extent of effect is confined to inland China passes through East Asia quickly because of weaker Siberian high and Aleutian low, leading to short duration of these cold surges. In contrast, the cold surge during negative AO, characterized by a well-organized anticyclone-cyclone couplet with high pressure over continental East Asia and low pressure over Japan, brings continuous cold air into the entire East Asian region for more than one week with long-lasting cold advection. It is also found that the tracks of the cold surges during negative AO tend to occur more frequently over Korea and Japan and less frequently over China, compared with those during positive AO. The tracks are related to a west-east dipole structure of the ratio of rain conversion to snow according to AO phase, resulting in freezing precipitation or snowfall events over inland China (Korea and Japan) are likely to occur more frequently during the positive (negative) AO periods. C1 [Ho, Chang-Hoi] Seoul Natl Univ, Climate Phys Lab, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea. [Yang, Song] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NWS, NCEP, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Ho, CH (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Climate Phys Lab, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea. EM hoch@cpl.snu.ac.kr RI Yang, Song/B-4952-2009; Ho, Chang-Hoi/H-8354-2015 FU Korea Meteorological Administration [CATER 2006-4204]; Korean government FX This work was funded by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under Grant CATER 2006-4204. Park was also supported by the BK21 project of the Korean government. NR 47 TC 65 Z9 70 U1 9 U2 40 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 24 IS 1 BP 68 EP 83 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3529.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 712II UT WOS:000286659600004 ER PT J AU Richardson, MC Kim, J Ho, D Snyder, CR D'souza, NA Holmes, GA AF Richardson, Mickey C. Kim, Jaehyun Ho, Derek Snyder, Chad R. D'souza, Nandika A. Holmes, Gale A. TI Organofunctionalized Montmorillonite/Epoxy Nanocomposites: The Effect of Interlayer Cation Distribution on Mechanical Properties SO POLYMER COMPOSITES LA English DT Article ID EPOXY-CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES; POLYMORPHISM AB The present study indicates that a distribution of alkylammonium chain lengths in the interlayer of montmorillonite (MM) results in a greater degree of dispersion into an epoxy matrix (or possibly different polymer matrices) and improved ultimate tensile strengths. This hypothesis is supported by x-ray diffraction (XRD) data from the modified MM clays, which clearly shows that an increase in d-spacing does not result in an improvement in tensile strengths. Additional support is obtained from DSC analyses of the first and second heats of the treated clays which indicate that the C6 alkyl amine in a deposited (C18 + C6) alkyl ammonium mixture results in intercalation pathways for the epoxy resin. POLYM. COMPOS., 22:67-78, 2011. (C) 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers C1 [Richardson, Mickey C.; Kim, Jaehyun; Ho, Derek; Snyder, Chad R.; Holmes, Gale A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [D'souza, Nandika A.] Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. RP Holmes, GA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gale.holmes@nist.gov RI Snyder, Chad/B-4957-2008; Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; OI Snyder, Chad/0000-0002-2916-9809; DSouza, Nandika/0000-0002-8553-0347 NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0272-8397 J9 POLYM COMPOSITE JI Polym. Compos. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 32 IS 1 BP 67 EP 78 DI 10.1002/pc.21019 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 702OP UT WOS:000285904300010 ER PT J AU O'Connell, PA McKenna, GB Chan, EP Stafford, CM AF O'Connell, Paul. A. McKenna, Gregory B. Chan, Edwin P. Stafford, Christopher M. TI Comment on "Viscoelastic properties of confined polymer films measured via thermal wrinkling" by E. P. Chan, K. A. Page, S. H. Im, D. L. Patton, R. Huang, and C. M. Stafford, Soft Matter, 2009, 5, 4638-4641 SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Editorial Material ID POISSONS RATIO; MODULUS C1 [O'Connell, Paul. A.; McKenna, Gregory B.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Chan, Edwin P.; Stafford, Christopher M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP McKenna, GB (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM greg.mckenna@ttu.edu RI Chan, Edwin/G-1904-2011; McKenna, Gregory/O-1134-2013 OI McKenna, Gregory/0000-0002-5676-9930 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2011 VL 7 IS 2 BP 788 EP 790 DI 10.1039/c0sm01046d PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 705EE UT WOS:000286110900058 ER PT J AU Campbell, JP Cheung, KP Yu, LC Suehle, JS Oates, A Sheng, K AF Campbell, J. P. Cheung, K. P. Yu, L. C. Suehle, J. S. Oates, A. Sheng, K. TI Geometric Magnetoresistance Mobility Extraction in Highly Scaled Transistors SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Channel mobility; geometric magnetoresistance (gMR) ID SERIES RESISTANCE; DEVICES; MOSFETS; HALL AB Geometric magnetoresistance (gMR) provides a promising solution to the difficult challenges associated with channel mobility extraction in nanoscale transistors. However, this technique requires significant experimental considerations which are uncommon in most laboratories. In addition, removing the influence of series resistance on the extracted mobility introduces further difficulty. In this letter, we present a new gMR measurement methodology that not only greatly simplifies the experimental requirements but also yields mobility values which are free from series resistance effects. C1 [Campbell, J. P.; Cheung, K. P.; Yu, L. C.; Suehle, J. S.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Oates, A.] Taiwan Semicond Mfg Corp, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. [Sheng, K.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Campbell, JP (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jason.campbell@nist.gov; kpckpc@ieee.org; liangchun.yu@nist.gov; john.suehle@nist.gov; aoates@tsmc.com; ksheng@ece.rutgers.edu FU Office of Microelectronic Programs, National Institute of Standards and Technology FX This work was supported in part by the Office of Microelectronic Programs, National Institute of Standards and Technology. The review of this letter was arranged by Editor M. Ostling. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0741-3106 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 32 IS 1 BP 75 EP 77 DI 10.1109/LED.2010.2086044 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 701ST UT WOS:000285844400025 ER PT J AU Cammen, LM Painter, A AF Cammen, Leon M. Painter, Amy TI National Sea Grant College Loan Program Summary SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Cammen, Leon M.; Painter, Amy] NOAA, Natl Sea Grant Coll Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Cammen, LM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Sea Grant Coll Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 52 IS 1 BP 26 EP 27 PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 715FK UT WOS:000286865800009 ER PT J AU Willis, Z AF Willis, Zdenka TI U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System: Partnership Serving Lives and Livelihoods SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Willis, Z (reprint author), NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 52 IS 1 BP 28 EP 29 PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 715FK UT WOS:000286865800010 ER PT J AU Lew, DK Wallmo, K AF Lew, Daniel K. Wallmo, Kristy TI External Tests of Scope and Embedding in Stated Preference Choice Experiments: An Application to Endangered Species Valuation SO ENVIRONMENTAL & RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Choice experiments; Endangered fish; US Endangered Species Act; Marine mammals; Scope tests; Stated preference methods; Willingness to pay ID WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; VALUING PUBLIC-GOODS; CONTINGENT VALUATION; INSTREAM FLOWS; NEW-MEXICO; VALUES; SENSITIVITY; MODELS; RISK; DISTRIBUTIONS AB A criticism often levied against stated preference (SP) valuation results is that they sometimes do not display sensitivity to differences in the magnitude or scope of the good being valued. In this study, we test the sensitivity of preferences for several proposed expanded protection programs that would protect up to three US Endangered Species Act-listed species: the Puget Sound Chinook salmon, the smalltooth sawfish, and the Hawaiian monk seal. An external scope test is employed via a split-sample SP choice experiment survey to evaluate whether there is a significant difference in willingness to pay (WTP) for protecting more species and/or achieving greater improvements in the status of the species. The majority of 46 scope tests indicate sensitivity to scope, and the pattern of scope test failures is consistent with diminishing marginal utility with respect to the amount of protection to each species. Further tests suggest WTP may be proportional to the number of species valued. C1 [Lew, Daniel K.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lew, Daniel K.] NOAA, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Alaska Fishe, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Wallmo, Kristy] NOAA, Off Sci & Technol, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Wallmo, Kristy] Univ Maryland, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. RP Lew, DK (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM Dan.Lew@noaa.gov OI Lew, Daniel/0000-0002-3394-138X NR 55 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0924-6460 J9 ENVIRON RESOUR ECON JI Environ. Resour. Econ. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 48 IS 1 BP 1 EP 23 DI 10.1007/s10640-010-9394-1 PG 23 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 693CB UT WOS:000285201100001 ER PT J AU Black, PE AF Black, Paul E. BE Beszedes, A Lawrie, D TI Counting Bugs is Harder Than You Think SO 11TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKING CONFERENCE ON SOURCE CODE ANALYSIS AND MANIPULATION (SCAM 2011) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th IEEE International Working Conference on Source Code Analysis and Manipulation/IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance/IEEE International Symposium on Web Systems Evolution/VISSOFT/MESOCA CY SEP 25-26, 2011 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Council Software Engn, CREST, Semant Design Inc (SD), IET Software DE software engineering; software tools; software metrics; software debugging ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE AB Software Assurance Metrics And Tool Evaluation (SAMATE) is a broad, inclusive project at the U. S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) with the goal of improving software assurance by developing materials, specifications, and methods to test tools and techniques and measure their effectiveness. We review some SAMATE sub-projects: web application security scanners, malware research protocol, electronic voting systems, the SAMATE Reference Dataset, a public repository of thousands of example programs with known weaknesses, and the Static Analysis Tool Exposition (SATE). Along the way we list over two dozen possible research questions, which are also collaboration opportunities. Software metrics are incomplete without metrics of what is variously called bugs, flaws, or faults. We detail numerous critical research problems related to such metrics. For instance, is a warning from a source code scanner a real bug, a false positive, or something else? If a numeric overflow leads to buffer overflow, which leads to command injection, what is the error? How many bugs are there if two sources call two sinks: 1, 2, or 4? Where is a missing feature? We conclude with a list of concepts which may be a useful basis of bug metrics. C1 US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Software & Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Black, PE (reprint author), US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Software & Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD USA. EM paul.black@nist.gov NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-4347-5 PY 2011 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1109/SCAM.2011.24 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BYL76 UT WOS:000299279600001 ER PT B AU Greenberg, CS Martin, AF Barr, BN Doddington, GR AF Greenberg, Craig S. Martin, Alvin F. Barr, Bradford N. Doddington, George R. GP Int Speech Commun Assoc TI Report on Performance Results in the NIST 2010 Speaker Recognition Evaluation SO 12TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE INTERNATIONAL SPEECH COMMUNICATION ASSOCIATION 2011 (INTERSPEECH 2011), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual Conference of the International-Speech-Communication-Association 2011 (INTERSPEECH 2011) CY AUG 27-31, 2011 CL Florence, ITALY SP Int Speech Commun Assoc (ISCA) DE speaker recognition; speaker detection; NIST SREs AB In the spring of 2010, the National Institute of Standards and Technology organized a Speaker Recognition Evaluation in which several factors believed to affect the performance of speaker recognition systems were explored. Among the factors considered in the evaluation were channel conditions, duration of training and test segments, number of training segments, and level of vocal effort. New cost function parameters emphasizing lower false alarm rates were used for two of the tests in the evaluation, and the reduction in false alarm rates exhibited by many of the systems suggests that the new measure may have helped to focus research on the low false alarm region of operation, which is important in many applications. C1 [Greenberg, Craig S.; Martin, Alvin F.; Barr, Bradford N.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Greenberg, CS (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM craig.greenberg@nist.gov; alvin.martin@nist.gov; bradford.barr@nist.gov; george.doddington@comcast.net NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ISCA-INT SPEECH COMMUNICATION ASSOC PI BAIXAS PA C/O EMMANUELLE FOXONET, 4 RUE DES FAUVETTES, LIEU DIT LOUS TOURILS, BAIXAS, F-66390, FRANCE BN 978-1-61839-270-1 PY 2011 BP 268 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BEG84 UT WOS:000316502200069 ER PT B AU Fojtova, L Krajsa, O AF Fojtova, Lucie Krajsa, Ondrej BE Vrba, K Koton, J Krajsa, O TI Host distance measurement using ICMP protocol in IP networks SO 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RESEARCH IN TELECOMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES, RTT2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Research in Telecommunication Technologies (RTT 2011) CY SEP 07-09, 2011 CL Techov, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Brno Univ Technol, CESA Engn AB Lately, more and more network applications appear to require an accurate knowledge of the Internet station positions in order to operate properly. A typical example is the requirement from the web server owners to be able to find out their websites visitors geographical position more accurately, than the national level, the reason for it being ie automated language recognition. Thus, many of geolocation algorithms are being developed. Most of them are based on RTT (round-trip-time) values measurement, which is then mapped onto geographical distances. This paper deals with the dependence of RTT on the geographic distance. All the measurements needed for dependence determination took place in a dynamically growing network, PlanetLab, which tries to simulate real Internet environment. The result of this work is a set of RTT values measured in real IP networks and their brief analysis. C1 [Fojtova, Lucie] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Krajsa, Ondrej] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Fojtova, L (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM fojtova@boulder.nist.gov; krajsa@nrim.go.jp FU [123456] FX This work was supported in part by the Grant 123456 (sponsor and financial support acknowledgment goes here). NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRNO UNIV TECHNOLOGY VUT PRESS PI BRNO PA ANTONINSKA 548-1, BRNO 601 90, CZECH REPUBLIC BN 978-80-214-4283-2 PY 2011 BP 6 EP 9 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG9SH UT WOS:000393726100002 ER PT S AU Lehman, JH Betz, K Grossman, EN AF Lehman, John H. Betz, Kerry Grossman, Erich N. BE Koch, M TI Carbon Nanotube Arrays for Absolute IR and THz Radiometry SO 2011 36TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND TERAHERTZ WAVES (IRMMW-THZ) SE International Conference on Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz) CY OCT 02-07, 2011 CL Houston, TX SP Rice Univ, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, NASA, California Inst Technol, Jet Prop Lab, Univ Wollongong AB We have assembled and evaluated a novel electrically calibrated thermopile having an array of 1.5 mm long multiwalled carbon nanotubes as the radiation absorber. We find very low reflectance at the 390 mu m laser wavelength and excellent agreement between optical and electrical measurements in the visible spectrum. C1 [Lehman, John H.; Betz, Kerry; Grossman, Erich N.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. RP Lehman, JH (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2162-2027 BN 978-1-4577-0509-0 J9 INT CONF INFRA MILLI PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BJT73 UT WOS:000330296300327 ER PT S AU Xu, Q Cheng, YC Li, XF Fang, CY Pichel, WG AF Xu, Qing Cheng, Yongcun Li, Xiaofeng Fang, Chaoyang Pichel, William G. BE Wu, Y TI Ocean Surface Wind Speed of Hurricane Helene Observed by SAR SO 2011 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND INFORMATION APPLICATION TECHNOLOGY ESIAT 2011, VOL 10, PT C SE Procedia Environmental Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Environmental Science and Information Application Technology (ESIAT) CY AUG 20-21, 2011 CL Xian, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Hong Kong Educ, Engn Technol Press, Asia Pacific Environm Sci Res Ctr, Wuhan Univ, Huazhong Normal Univ, China Univ Geosci, Wuhan Inst Technol DE Synthetic aperture radar (SAR); hurricane; wind speed AB The hurricanes can be detected by many remote sensors, but synthetic aperture radar (SAR) can yield high-resolution (sub-kilometer) and low-level wind information that cannot be seen below the cloud by other sensors. In this paper, an assessment of SAR capability of monitoring high-resolution hurricane was conducted. A case study was carried out to retrieve ocean surface wind field from C-band RADARSAT-1 SAR image which captured the structure of hurricane Helene over the Atlantic Ocean on 20 September, 2006. With wind direction from the outputs of U. S. Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) model, C-band geophysical model functions (GMFs) which describe the normalized radar cross section (NRCS) dependence on the wind speed and the geometry of radar observations (i.e., incidence angle and azimuth angle with respect to wind direction) such as CMOD5 and newly developed CIWRAP models have been tested to extract wind speed from SAR data. The SAR retrieved ocean surface winds were compared to the aircraft wind speed observations from stepped frequency microwave radiometer (SFMR). The results show the capability of hurricane wind monitoring by SAR. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of Conference ESIAT2011 Organization Committee. C1 [Xu, Qing] Hohai Univ, Key Lab Coastal Disasters & Def, Minist Educ, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Cheng, Yongcun] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Space Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Cheng, Yongcun] State Key Lab Satellite Ocean Environm Dynam, Hangzhou, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA, NESDIS, IMSG, Camp Springs, MD 20740 USA. [Fang, Chaoyang] Key Lab Poyang Lake Wetland & Watershed Res, Minist Educ, Nanchang, Jiangxi, Peoples R China. [Pichel, William G.] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20740 USA. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), Hohai Univ, Key Lab Coastal Disasters & Def, Minist Educ, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM gang_xu123@sina.cn RI Pichel, William/F-5619-2010; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Pichel, William/0000-0001-6332-0149; Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41006108]; Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics [SOED1104]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2009B02514]; Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Coastal Disasters; Defence of Ministry of Education FX Radarsat- SAR data used in this study were provided by Canadian Space Agency ( CAS). This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China through grant 41006108, the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics through grant SOED1104, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities through grant 2009B02514 and Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Coastal Disasters and Defence of Ministry of Education. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1878-0296 J9 PROCEDIA ENVIRON SCI PY 2011 VL 10 BP 2097 EP 2101 DI 10.1016/j.proenv.2011.09.327 PN C PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BDA15 UT WOS:000312275800036 ER PT S AU Matei, I Baras, JS AF Matei, Ion Baras, John S. GP IEEE TI The Geometry of a Probabilistic Consensus of Opinion Algorithm SO 2011 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUN 29-JUL 01, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP Boeing, Bosch, Corning, Eaton, GE Global Res, Honeywell, Lockheed Martin, MathWorks, Natl Instruments, NT-MDT, United Technol ID MULTIAGENT SYSTEMS; NETWORKS; AGENTS AB We consider the problem of a group of agents whose objective is to asymptotically reach agreement of opinion. The agents exchange information subject to a communication topology modeled by a time varying graph. The agents use a probabilistic algorithm under which at each time instant an agent updates its state by probabilistically choosing from its current state/opinion and the ones of its neighbors. We show that under some minimal assumptions on the communication topology (infinitely often connectivity and bounded intercommunication time between agents), the agents reach agreement with probability one. We show that this algorithm has the same geometric properties as the linear consensus algorithm in R-n. More specifically, we show that the probabilistic update scheme of an agent is equivalent to choosing a point from the (generalized) convex hull of its current state and the states of its neighbors; convex hull defined on a particular convex metric space where the states of the agents live and for which a detailed description is given. C1 [Matei, Ion] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Matei, Ion] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Baras, John S.] Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Matei, I (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM imatei@umd.edu; baras@umd.edu FU US Air Force Office of Scientific Research MURI [FA9550-09-1-0538]; Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) [013641-001]; Multi-Scale Systems Center (MuSyC) through the FRCP of SRC; DARPA; BAE Systems [W911NF-08-2-0004] FX This material is based upon work supported by the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research MURI award FA9550-09-1-0538, by the Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under award number 013641-001 for the Multi-Scale Systems Center (MuSyC) through the FRCP of SRC and DARPA, and by BAE Systems award number W911NF-08-2-0004 (the ARL MAST CTA). NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4577-0081-1 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2011 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BWZ06 UT WOS:000295376002136 ER PT S AU Abashin, M Agrawal, A Lezec, H AF Abashin, Maxim Agrawal, Amit Lezec, Henri GP IEEE TI Surface-Plasmon Coupled X-apertures for Optical Field Enhancement and Localization SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD ID RAMAN-SCATTERING; ANTENNA; ARRAYS AB We design, fabricate and characterize periodic arrays of X-shaped nano-aperture antennas in Ag films. By matching the plasmonic resonance of individual antennas to that of the array, we demonstrate high field enhancement and localization. C1 [Abashin, Maxim; Agrawal, Amit; Lezec, Henri] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Abashin, M (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM maxim.abashin@nist.gov RI Agrawal, Amit/C-3728-2009 OI Agrawal, Amit/0000-0001-8230-4603 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612404117 ER PT S AU Agrawal, A Susut, C Stafford, G McMorran, B Lezec, H Talin, AA AF Agrawal, Amit Susut, Ceren Stafford, Gery McMorran, Ben Lezec, Henri Talin, A. Alec GP IEEE TI Integrated Electrochromic Nanoplasmonic Optical Switch SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD ID MODULATION AB We demonstrate active switching of light through a nanoslit based plasmonic devices using electrochromic Prussian blue nanocrystals, and achieve large (similar to 95%) transmission modulation by switching the nanocrystals between oxidized and reduced states. (C)2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Agrawal, Amit; Susut, Ceren; McMorran, Ben; Lezec, Henri; Talin, A. Alec] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Agrawal, Amit] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanocenter, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Agrawal, A (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM amit.agrawal@nist.gov RI Agrawal, Amit/C-3728-2009 OI Agrawal, Amit/0000-0001-8230-4603 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612404097 ER PT S AU Barber, ZW Dahl, J Roos, PA Reibel, RR Greenfield, N Giorgetta, F Coddington, I Newbury, N AF Barber, Zeb W. Dahl, Jason Roos, Peter A. Reibel, Randy R. Greenfield, Nathan Giorgetta, Fabrizio Coddington, Ian Newbury, Nathan GP IEEE TI Ultra-Broadband Chirp Linearity Characterization with an Optical Frequency Comb SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD ID LINEARIZATION AB The linearity of actively stabilized laser chirp from approximately 1530 to 1570 nm is measured by use of an optical frequency comb showing residuals of < 60 kHz after removing low order dispersion related effects. C1 [Barber, Zeb W.; Dahl, Jason] Montana State Univ, Spectrum Lab, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Roos, Peter A.; Reibel, Randy R.; Greenfield, Nathan] Bridger Photon Inc, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Giorgetta, Fabrizio; Coddington, Ian; Newbury, Nathan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Barber, ZW (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Spectrum Lab, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM barber@spectrum.montana.edu FU Montana Board of Research and Commercialization Technology [10-04] FX This work was supported by the Montana Board of Research and Commercialization Technology, Grant #10-04. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612402171 ER PT S AU Berggren, KK Anant, V Baek, B Dauler, E Hu, X Kerman, AJ Marsili, F Mirin, RP Molnar, R Nam, SW Najafi, F Stevens, MJ Wong, F Zhong, T AF Berggren, K. K. Anant, V. Baek, B. Dauler, E. Hu, X. Kerman, A. J. Marsili, F. Mirin, R. P. Molnar, R. Nam, S. W. Najafi, F. Stevens, M. J. Wong, F. Zhong, Tian GP IEEE TI Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors show exceptional performance for quantum information processing, but several developments promise further progress, including new signal-amplification methods and efficient devices in the mid-infrared. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Berggren, K. K.; Anant, V.; Hu, X.; Marsili, F.; Najafi, F.; Wong, F.; Zhong, Tian] MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Dauler, E.; Kerman, A. J.; Molnar, R.] MIT Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. [Baek, B.; Mirin, R. P.; Nam, S. W.; Stevens, M. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 20899 USA. RP Berggren, KK (reprint author), MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Marsili, Francesco/E-4087-2012 OI Marsili, Francesco/0000-0003-0209-172X NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612402404 ER PT S AU Bryant, GW Artuso, RD Garcia-Etxarri, A Aizpurua, J AF Bryant, Garnett W. Artuso, Ryan D. Garcia-Etxarri, Aitzol Aizpurua, Javier GP IEEE TI Using Local Fields to Tailor Hybrid Quantum Dot-Metal Nanoparticle Systems: Connecting the Dots SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We study systems of metal nanoparticles (MNP) coupled with semiconducting quantum dots (SQD). Hybrid behavior can be tailored by the MNP shape and the exciton resonance of SQDs which determine the local fields. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Bryant, Garnett W.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Artuso, Ryan D.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Garcia-Etxarri, Aitzol; Aizpurua, Javier] CSIC, Donostia Int Phys Ctr & Centro Fis Mat, UPV EHU, E-20018 Donostia San Sebastia, Spain. RP Bryant, GW (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM garnett.bryant@nist.gov RI Garcia-Etxarri, Aitzol/B-7311-2008; Aizpurua, Javier/E-6889-2014 OI Garcia-Etxarri, Aitzol/0000-0002-5867-2390; Aizpurua, Javier/0000-0002-1444-7589 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612404015 ER PT S AU Chen, J Levine, ZH Fan, JY Migdall, A AF Chen, Jun Levine, Zachary H. Fan, Jingyun Migdall, Alan GP IEEE TI Silicon-on-Insulator Microresonator-based Source of Frequency-Bin Entangled Comb of Photon Pairs SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD ID WAVE-GUIDES; GENERATION AB We present a quantum theory for frequency-bin entangled photon-pair generation via four-wave mixing from a Silicon-on-Insulator microresonator. We also provide design principles for such a microresonator through extensive numerical simulations. * Work of U.S. government; not subject to copyright C1 [Chen, Jun; Levine, Zachary H.; Fan, Jingyun; Migdall, Alan] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chen, J (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jun.chen@nist.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612403427 ER PT S AU Coddington, I Giorgetta, FR Baumann, E Swann, WC Newbury, NR AF Coddington, I. Giorgetta, F. R. Baumann, E. Swann, W. C. Newbury, N. R. GP IEEE TI Dual-Comb Based Measurement of Frequency Agile Lasers SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD ID SPECTROSCOPY; COUNTER; RANGE AB Properly stabilized, frequency combs form high accuracy references across much of the optical spectrum. Here we employ dual frequency combs to harness this accuracy for fast and high resolution measurements of frequency agile CW lasers. Work of the U.S. government, not subject to copyright. C1 [Coddington, I.; Giorgetta, F. R.; Baumann, E.; Swann, W. C.; Newbury, N. R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Coddington, I (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ian@nist.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612402221 ER PT S AU Davanco, M Rakher, MT Badolato, A Srinivasan, K AF Davanco, Marcelo Rakher, Matthew T. Badolato, Antonio Srinivasan, Kartik GP IEEE TI Nanophotonic circular dielectric grating for efficient free-space extraction of single quantum dot emission SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD ID PHOTON SOURCE AB We demonstrate a suspended circular grating for efficient, broadband photoluminescence spectroscopy of single self-assembled InAs quantum dots. Collected photon rates are 20 times greater than in bulk, and significant radiative lifetime reduction is observed. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Davanco, Marcelo; Rakher, Matthew T.; Srinivasan, Kartik] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Davanco, Marcelo] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Badolato, Antonio] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Davanco, M (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mdavanco@nist.gov RI Rakher, Matthew/C-2287-2011 OI Rakher, Matthew/0000-0002-4490-4197 FU NIST-CNST/UMD-NanoCenter Cooperative Agreement FX This work has been partly supported by the NIST-CNST/UMD-NanoCenter Cooperative Agreement. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612403440 ER PT S AU Deng, L Hagley, EW Wang, RQ AF Deng, L. Hagley, E. W. Wang, Ruquan GP IEEE TI Observation of a Red-Blue Detuning Asymmetry in Matter-Wave Superradiance SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We report the first experimental observation of strong suppression of matter-wave superradiance using blue-detuned pump light and demonstrate a pump-laser detuning asymmetry in the collective atomic recoil motion. In contrast to all previous theoretical frameworks, which predict that the process should be symmetric with respect to the sign of the detuning of the pump laser from the one-photon resonance, we find that for condensates the symmetry is broken. With high condensate densities and red-detuned pump light the distinctive multi-order, matter-wave scattering pattern is clearly visible, whereas with blue-detuned pump light superradiance is strongly suppressed. However, in the limit of a dilute atomic gas symmetry is restored. C1 [Deng, L.; Hagley, E. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wang, Ruquan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. RP Deng, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lu.deng@nist.gov RI Hagley, Edward/B-4285-2012 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612404158 ER PT S AU Durand, M Lawall, J Wang, YC AF Durand, Mathieu Lawall, John Wang, Yicheng GP IEEE TI Toward a picometer displacement-sensing interferometry for the next generation of calculable capacitor SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB A high resolution Fabry-Perot interferometer system is designed to measure displacement by measuring both the cavity mode spacing and absolute mode position shifts. We achieve a fractional uncertainty of 2 x 10(-9)/root Hz without any optical frequency standard. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Durand, Mathieu; Lawall, John; Wang, Yicheng] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Durand, M (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mathieu.durand@nist.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612402169 ER PT S AU Edwards, M Benton, B Heward, J Clark, CW AF Edwards, Mark Benton, Brandon Heward, Jeffrey Clark, Charles W. GP IEEE TI Momentum-space engineering of gaseous Bose-Einstein condensates SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB Bose-Einstein condensate momentum distributions can be shaped by standing-wave laser pulse sequences. We find that several momentum distributions, important in atom-interferometry applications, can be engineered with high fidelity with two or three pulses. C1 [Edwards, Mark; Benton, Brandon; Heward, Jeffrey] Georgia So Univ, Dept Phys, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. [Clark, Charles W.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Edwards, M (reprint author), Georgia So Univ, Dept Phys, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. EM edwards@georgiasouthern.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612403435 ER PT S AU Ferdous, F Miao, HX Leaird, DE Srinivasan, K Wang, J Chen, L Varghese, LT Weiner, AM AF Ferdous, Fahmida Miao, Houxun Leaird, Daniel E. Srinivasan, Kartik Wang, Jian Chen, Lei Varghese, Leo Tom Weiner, A. M. GP IEEE TI Spectral Line-by-Line Pulse Shaping of an On-Chip Microresonator Frequency Comb SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We report spectral phase characterization and optical arbitrary waveform generation of on-chip microresonator combs. Random relative frequency shifts due to uncorrelated variations of frequency dependent phase are at or below the 100 mu Hz level. (C) Optical Society of America C1 [Ferdous, Fahmida; Leaird, Daniel E.; Wang, Jian; Varghese, Leo Tom; Weiner, A. M.] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, 465 NW Ave, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Miao, Houxun; Srinivasan, Kartik; Chen, Lei] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Miao, Houxun] Univ Maryland, Nano Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wang, Jian; Varghese, Leo Tom; Weiner, A. M.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Ferdous, F (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, 465 NW Ave, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM houxun.miao@nist.gov; amw@purdue.edu RI Varghese, Leo/M-5396-2013 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612403216 ER PT S AU Gerrits, T Baek, B Stevens, MJ Calkins, B Lita, A Glancy, S Knill, E Nam, SW Mirin, RP Hadfield, RH Bennink, RS Grice, WP Dorenbos, S Zijlstra, T Klapwijk, T Zwiller, V AF Gerrits, Thomas Baek, Burm Stevens, Martin J. Calkins, Brice Lita, Adriana Glancy, Scott Knill, Emanuel Nam, Sae Woo Mirin, Richard P. Hadfield, Robert H. Bennink, Ryan S. Grice, Warren P. Dorenbos, Sander Zijlstra, Tony Klapwijk, Teun Zwiller, Val GP IEEE TI Characterization of high-purity, pulsed squeezed light at telecom wavelengths from pp-KTP for quantum information applications SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We characterize a pp-KTP crystal designed to produce pure single mode squeezed vacuum at 1570 nm. Measurements show Hong-Ou-Mandel interference with 97% visibility and a circular joint spectral distribution with a Schmidt number of 1.08. * Contribution of NIST, an agency of the U. S. Government, not subject to copyright C1 [Gerrits, Thomas; Baek, Burm; Stevens, Martin J.; Calkins, Brice; Lita, Adriana; Glancy, Scott; Knill, Emanuel; Nam, Sae Woo; Mirin, Richard P.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hadfield, Robert H.] Heriot Watt Univ, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. [Bennink, Ryan S.; Grice, Warren P.; Dorenbos, Sander] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Quantum Informat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Dorenbos, Sander; Zijlstra, Tony; Klapwijk, Teun; Zwiller, Val] Delft Univ Technol, Kavli Inst Nanosci, Delft, Netherlands. RP Gerrits, T (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM gerrits@boulder.nist.gov RI Hadfield, Robert/L-8081-2013; Grice, Warren/L-8466-2013 OI Hadfield, Robert/0000-0002-8084-4187; NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612403431 ER PT S AU Gerrity, MR Brown, S Popmintchev, T Chen, MC Witte, S Murnane, MM Kapteyn, HC Backus, S AF Gerrity, M. R. Brown, S. Popmintchev, T. Chen, M. -C. Witte, S. Murnane, M. M. Kapteyn, H. C. Backus, S. GP IEEE TI High power, 60MHz, cryogenically cooled, mode-locked, Yb:YAG oscillator SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD ID LASER AB We demonstrate a 60MHz, cryogenically cooled, mode-locked Yb:YAG oscillator with up to 12W average output power. Mode-locking is achieved via a SESAM, an intracavity SHG crystal, and an iris near focus for spatial mode filtering. C1 [Gerrity, M. R.; Brown, S.; Popmintchev, T.; Chen, M. -C.; Witte, S.; Murnane, M. M.; Kapteyn, H. C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Backus, S.] Kapteyn Murnane Labs Inc, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Gerrity, MR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM michael.gerrity@colorado.edu RI Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011; Popmintchev, Tenio/B-6715-2008; Backus, Sterling/C-2506-2008 OI Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317; Popmintchev, Tenio/0000-0002-2023-2226; NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612401239 ER PT S AU Goldschmidt, EA Beavan, SE Polyakov, SV Migdall, AL Sellars, MJ AF Goldschmidt, E. A. Beavan, S. E. Polyakov, S. V. Migdall, A. L. Sellars, M. J. GP IEEE TI Spin-wave generation and storage in a solid state system SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We report correlations between multi-photon pulses generated via spontaneous Raman scattering in a rare-earth ion-doped crystal. This is a first step toward implementing a quantum repeater scheme in such a material. C1 [Goldschmidt, E. A.; Polyakov, S. V.; Migdall, A. L.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Goldschmidt, E. A.; Polyakov, S. V.; Migdall, A. L.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Insti, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Beavan, S. E.; Sellars, M. J.] Australian Natl Univ, RSPhysSE, Laser Phys Ctr, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Goldschmidt, EA (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM elizabeth.goldschmidt@nist.gov RI Sellars, Matthew/J-3130-2014 OI Sellars, Matthew/0000-0002-0502-0444 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612403419 ER PT S AU Grover, JA Hoffman, JE Kim, Z Wood, AK Anderson, JR Dragt, AJ Hafezi, M Lobb, CJ Orozco, LA Rolston, SL Taylor, JM Vlahacos, CP Wellstood, FC AF Grover, J. A. Hoffman, J. E. Kim, Z. Wood, A. K. Anderson, J. R. Dragt, A. J. Hafezi, M. Lobb, C. J. Orozco, L. A. Rolston, S. L. Taylor, J. M. Vlahacos, C. P. Wellstood, F. C. GP IEEE TI Cold Atoms Coupled to a Superconducting Flux Qubit SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We present a scheme and our advances to magnetically couple Rb-87 atoms to a superconducting flux qubit by trapping the atoms in the evanescent wave outside an tapered optical fiber. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Grover, J. A.; Hoffman, J. E.; Kim, Z.; Wood, A. K.; Anderson, J. R.; Dragt, A. J.; Hafezi, M.; Lobb, C. J.; Orozco, L. A.; Rolston, S. L.; Taylor, J. M.; Vlahacos, C. P.; Wellstood, F. C.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Grover, J. A.; Hoffman, J. E.; Kim, Z.; Wood, A. K.; Anderson, J. R.; Dragt, A. J.; Hafezi, M.; Lobb, C. J.; Orozco, L. A.; Rolston, S. L.; Taylor, J. M.; Vlahacos, C. P.; Wellstood, F. C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Grover, JA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM lorozco@umd.edu RI Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011; rolston, steven/L-5175-2013 OI Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594; rolston, steven/0000-0003-1671-4190 FU National Science Foundation through the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute FX Work supported by the National Science Foundation through the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612403409 ER PT S AU Iliev, M Meier, AK Adams, DE Squier, JA Durfee, CG AF Iliev, M. Meier, A. K. Adams, D. E. Squier, J. A. Durfee, C. G. GP IEEE TI Measurement of Energy Contrast of Amplified Ultrashort Pulses using Cross Polarized Wave Generation and Spectral Interferometry SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We interfere an amplified output pulse with a copy that has been converted using third-order cross-polarized wave generation. The ASE pedestal shows as a background in the interference, yielding the short-pulse/ASE energy contrast. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Iliev, M.; Meier, A. K.; Squier, J. A.; Durfee, C. G.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, 1523 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Adams, D. E.] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Dept Phys & JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Durfee, CG (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, 1523 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM cdurfee@mines.edu FU AFOSR [FA9550-10-1-0394] FX We would like to acknowledge support from the AFOSR under contract FA9550-10-1-0394 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612402081 ER PT S AU Kemiktarak, U Metcalfe, M Durand, M Lawall, J AF Kemiktarak, Utku Metcalfe, Michael Durand, Mathieu Lawall, John GP IEEE TI Mechanically Compliant High Contrast Grating Mirrors for Radiation Pressure Cooling SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD ID MICROMIRROR; CAVITY AB We have developed micromechanical membranes with high reflectivity and low mass for optical cooling. By patterning silicon nitride membranes with grating structures we have achieved reflectivity of R = 99% and a quality factor of Q = 1.6 x 10(4). (C)2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Kemiktarak, Utku; Metcalfe, Michael; Durand, Mathieu; Lawall, John] NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kemiktarak, Utku; Metcalfe, Michael; Durand, Mathieu; Lawall, John] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kemiktarak, U (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Kemiktarak, U (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM kemiktau@umd.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612400062 ER PT S AU Kim, H Shen, TC Sridharan, D Solomon, G Waks, E AF Kim, Hyochul Shen, Thomas C. Sridharan, Deepak Solomon, Glenn Waks, Edo GP IEEE TI Strong Interaction between Quantum Dot Exciton Spin States and a Photonic Crystal Cavity SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We apply a magnetic field to photonic crystal cavity devices with embedded Indium Arsenide (InAs) quantum dots (QDs), and demonstrate strong coupling between individual QD exciton spin states and a photonic crystal cavity. C1 [Kim, Hyochul; Shen, Thomas C.; Sridharan, Deepak; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, IREAP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Solomon, Glenn] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kim, H (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, IREAP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM hckim@umd.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612404051 ER PT S AU Kirchner, MS Diddams, SA AF Kirchner, Matthew S. Diddams, Scott A. GP IEEE TI Low-Noise Remote Transfer of a Phase-Encoded Frequency Comb through a 320m Phase-Stabilized Fiber SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD ID LINES AB 640 frequency-stabilized comb modes are controlled in a line-by-line pulse shaper and transmitted through a noise-cancelled 320m fiber. This allows for transmission of phase-stable, high-fidelity shaped waveforms to a remote location. C1 [Kirchner, Matthew S.; Diddams, Scott A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kirchner, MS (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mkirchne@boulder.nist.gov; scott.diddams@boulder.nist.gov RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612400071 ER PT S AU Knabe, K Williams, PA Newbury, NR AF Knabe, K. Williams, P. A. Newbury, N. R. GP IEEE TI Suitability of supercontinuum light near 2 mu m for coherent dual comb spectroscopy SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD ID FIBER; GENERATION AB We evaluate the signal-to-noise ratio penalty for dual comb spectroscopy caused by the excess optical phase noise and relative intensity noise on the long-wavelength supercontinuum of a spectrally broadened Er-fiber laser frequency comb. Work of the U. S. government, not subject to copyright. C1 [Knabe, K.; Williams, P. A.; Newbury, N. R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Knabe, K (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM kevin.knabe@nist.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612401348 ER PT S AU Liu, YX Xu, H Stief, F Zhitenev, N Yu, M AF Liu, Yuxiang Xu, Hua Stief, Felix Zhitenev, Nikolai Yu, Miao GP IEEE TI Surface Plasmonic Lens on a Single-mode Optical Fiber for Far-field Superfocusing SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We experimentally demonstrate sub-diffraction-limit focuses achieved by surface plasmonic (SP) lenses directly fabricated on the endfaces of regular single-mode optical fibers. The fiber-based SP lens provides a solution to bridge nanophotonics and conventional optics. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Liu, Yuxiang; Stief, Felix; Yu, Miao] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Xu, Hua; Zhitenev, Nikolai] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xu, Hua; Yu, Miao] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nano Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Liu, YX (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mmyu@umd.edu RI Zhitenev, Nikolai/N-1780-2014 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612401217 ER PT S AU Ma, LJ Bienfang, JC Slattery, O Tang, X AF Ma, Lijun Bienfang, Joshua C. Slattery, Oliver Tang, Xiao GP IEEE TI Multi-wavelength pumping technique for up-conversion single-photon detectors SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We propose a multi-wavelength pumping technique to improve temporal resolution of up-conversion single-photon detectors. By using two-wavelength pumping we doubled the date rate of a quantum system beyond its original limitation. (C)2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Ma, Lijun; Bienfang, Joshua C.; Slattery, Oliver; Tang, Xiao] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ma, LJ (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Bienfang, Joshua/A-7285-2010 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612403376 ER PT S AU Malkova, N Bryant, GW AF Malkova, Natalia Bryant, Garnett W. GP IEEE TI Topological Surface Modes in Photonic Structures SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We design reconfigurable 'all-optical' photonic structures which can support 'one-way' surface modes. These modes are defined by the topology of the structures and must be robust and tolerant to external perturbations. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Malkova, Natalia; Bryant, Garnett W.] NIST, JQI, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Malkova, N (reprint author), NIST, JQI, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nmalkova07@gmail.com NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612403026 ER PT S AU Maslowski, P Foltynowicz, A Adler, F Cossel, KC Briles, TC Ban, T Ye, J AF Maslowski, P. Foltynowicz, A. Adler, F. Cossel, K. C. Briles, T. C. Ban, T. Ye, J. GP IEEE TI Broadband Direct Frequency Comb Spectroscopy in the Mid-Infrared SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY AB Frequency-comb-based Fourier transform spectrometer operating in the 2100-3600 cm(-1) range is presented. System allows rapid acquisition of broadband high resolution (120 MHz) spectra, detecting ppb-level concentrations of various molecules in 30s. C1 [Maslowski, P.; Foltynowicz, A.; Adler, F.; Cossel, K. C.; Briles, T. C.; Ban, T.; Ye, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Maslowski, P.; Foltynowicz, A.; Adler, F.; Cossel, K. C.; Briles, T. C.; Ban, T.; Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Maslowski, P (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM ye@jila.colorado.edu RI Maslowski, Piotr/H-4476-2014 OI Maslowski, Piotr/0000-0001-8882-7106 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612401389 ER PT S AU McMorran, BJ Agrawal, A Anderson, IM Herzing, A Lezec, HJ McClelland, JJ Unguris, J AF McMorran, Benjamin J. Agrawal, Amit Anderson, Ian M. Herzing, Andrew Lezec, Henri J. McClelland, Jabez J. Unguris, John GP IEEE TI Electron Laguerre-Gaussian beams SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We use nanofabricated diffraction holograms to demonstrate electron Laguerre-Gaussian beams. These beams are analogous to optical vortices but are composed of charged particle wavefunctions possessing mass. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [McMorran, Benjamin J.; Agrawal, Amit; Lezec, Henri J.; McClelland, Jabez J.; Unguris, John] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Anderson, Ian M.; Herzing, Andrew] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Agrawal, Amit] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP McMorran, BJ (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Herzing, Andrew/D-6239-2012; Agrawal, Amit/C-3728-2009; Unguris, John/J-3989-2014; McClelland, Jabez/A-2358-2015 OI Agrawal, Amit/0000-0001-8230-4603; McClelland, Jabez/0000-0001-5672-5965 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612403294 ER PT S AU Muller, A Flagg, EB Lawall, JR Gershoni, D Solomon, GS AF Muller, Andreas Flagg, Edward B. Lawall, John R. Gershoni, David Solomon, Glenn S. GP IEEE TI Ultra-High Finesse, Low Mode Volume Fabry-Perot Microcavity SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD ID OPTICAL CAVITY AB We construct microcavities comprising ultralow-loss micromirrors fabricated by laser ablation and reflective coatings. With quality factors of 3.3x10(6) and finesses of 1.5x10(5), strong coupling or lasing with a single quantum emitter may be achieved. C1 [Muller, Andreas; Flagg, Edward B.; Gershoni, David; Solomon, Glenn S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lawall, John R.; Solomon, Glenn S.] NIST, Div Atom Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Muller, Andreas] Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Gershoni, David] Techn, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. RP Muller, A (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM edward.flagg@nist.gov RI Flagg, Edward/G-2897-2013 OI Flagg, Edward/0000-0002-8065-4092 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612404023 ER PT S AU Neely, TW Johnson, TA Diddams, SA AF Neely, Tyler W. Johnson, Todd A. Diddams, Scott A. GP IEEE TI Characterization of a difference-frequency based mid-infrared comb source SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD ID MU-M AB We characterize a broad bandwidth mid-IR comb source generated through difference frequency mixing of a Yb femtosecond fiber laser. The relationship between amplitude noise, timing jitter, and output power is explored. C1 [Neely, Tyler W.; Johnson, Todd A.; Diddams, Scott A.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Neely, TW (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Mail Stop 847,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM tneely@boulder.nist.gov RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013; Neely, Tyler/A-5015-2013 OI Neely, Tyler/0000-0002-5691-4982 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612401251 ER PT S AU Nugent-Glandorf, L Johnson, TA Kobayashi, Y Diddams, SA AF Nugent-Glandorf, Lora Johnson, Todd A. Kobayashi, Yohei Diddams, Scott A. GP IEEE TI The Influence of Cavity Dispersion on Amplitude and Frequency Noise in a Yb-fiber Laser Comb SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD ID TECHNOLOGY AB We measure amplitude and frequency noise of a Yb fiber laser frequency comb in different dispersion regimes. Low cavity dispersion yields the lowest noise frequency comb. C1 [Nugent-Glandorf, Lora; Johnson, Todd A.; Diddams, Scott A.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Mail Stop 847,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kobayashi, Yohei] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 2778581, Japan. RP Nugent-Glandorf, L (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Mail Stop 847,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM LNG@boulder.nist.gov RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612401440 ER PT S AU Papp, SB Diddams, SA AF Papp, Scott B. Diddams, Scott A. GP IEEE TI Towards an optical frequency comb with mm-scale microresonators for distributing atomic standards SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We will discuss progress on the fabrication of optical microresonators for generation of a frequency comb via nonlinear parametric oscillation. With disk-like resonators of quartz we have achieved Q = 10(9). (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Papp, Scott B.; Diddams, Scott A.] NIST, Time & Frequency Div 688, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Papp, SB (reprint author), NIST, Time & Frequency Div 688, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM scott.papp@nist.gov RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612402107 ER PT S AU Pelc, JS Phillips, CR Langrock, C Zhang, Q Ma, L Slattery, O Tang, X Fejer, MM AF Pelc, J. S. Phillips, C. R. Langrock, C. Zhang, Q. Ma, L. Slattery, O. Tang, X. Fejer, M. M. GP IEEE TI Single-Photon Detection at 1550 nm via Upconversion Using a Tunable Long-Wavelength Pump Source SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD ID LINBO3 WAVE-GUIDES; EFFICIENT; NOISE AB We demonstrate 37% single-photon detection efficiency at 1550 nm via sum-frequency generation in a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide, by pumping with a monolithic optical parametric oscillator tunable near 1800 nm. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Pelc, J. S.; Phillips, C. R.; Langrock, C.; Zhang, Q.; Fejer, M. M.] Stanford Univ, Edward L Ginzton Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ma, L.; Slattery, O.; Tang, X.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Pelc, JS (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Edward L Ginzton Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM jpelc@stanford.edu RI Pelc, Jason/F-3258-2012 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612401064 ER PT S AU Polyakov, SV Muller, A Ling, A Borjemscaia, N Flagg, EB Van Keuren, E Migdall, AL Solomon, GS AF Polyakov, Sergey V. Muller, Andreas Ling, Alex Borjemscaia, Natalia Flagg, Edward B. Van Keuren, Edward Migdall, Alan L. Solomon, Glenn S. GP IEEE TI Interfacing single photons from dissimilar sources SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We interface single photons generated by a quantum dot with those generated via parametric down-conversion. The photon indistinguishability is assessed by measuring their coalescence probability; it is 16% and limited by quantum dot decoherence. C1 [Polyakov, Sergey V.; Muller, Andreas; Ling, Alex; Borjemscaia, Natalia; Flagg, Edward B.; Migdall, Alan L.; Solomon, Glenn S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Van Keuren, Edward] Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP Polyakov, SV (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM spoly@nist.gov RI Flagg, Edward/G-2897-2013; Van Keuren, Edward/E-5581-2010 OI Flagg, Edward/0000-0002-8065-4092; Van Keuren, Edward/0000-0001-8348-7587 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612404154 ER PT S AU Rahmani, A Poulton, CG Steel, MJ Chaumet, PC Bryant, GW AF Rahmani, A. Poulton, C. G. Steel, M. J. Chaumet, P. C. Bryant, G. W. GP IEEE TI Purcell effect in a magnetic cavity SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD ID RADIATION AB We study dipole emission inside a homogeneous, magnetic sphere. For fixed refractive index, the largest emission rate for an electric source is observed, in general, when the magnetic permeability is maximized. The corresponding result for a magnetic source follows by symmetry. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Rahmani, A.; Poulton, C. G.] Univ Technol Sydney, Dept Math Sci, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia. [Steel, M. J.] Macquarie Univ, MQ Photon Res Ctr, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. [Steel, M. J.] Macquarie Univ, Ctr Excellence Ultrahigh Bandwidth Devices Opt Sy, Dept Phys & Astron, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. [Chaumet, P. C.] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Inst Fresnel, F-13013 Marseille, France. [Bryant, G. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bryant, G. W.] Joint Quantum Inst Gaithersburg, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rahmani, A (reprint author), Univ Technol Sydney, Dept Math Sci, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia. EM Adel.Rahmani@uts.edu.au RI Poulton, Christopher/A-1088-2011 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612403046 ER PT S AU Rakher, MT Srinivasan, K AF Rakher, Matthew T. Srinivasan, Kartik GP IEEE TI Sub-nanosecond Electro-optic Modulation of Triggered Single Photons from a Quantum Dot SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB Telecommunications-band single photons from a quantum dot are amplitude modulated on timescales fast compared to its radiative decay. Control of single photon wave-packets is an important resource for developing hybrid quantum systems. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Rakher, Matthew T.; Srinivasan, Kartik] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rakher, MT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM matthew.rakher@gmail.com RI Rakher, Matthew/C-2287-2011 OI Rakher, Matthew/0000-0002-4490-4197 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612403374 ER PT S AU Ruehl, A Cossel, KC Martin, MJ McKay, H Thomas, B Dong, L Fermann, ME Dudley, JM Hartl, I Ye, J AF Ruehl, Axel Cossel, Kevin C. Martin, Michael. J. McKay, Hugh Thomas, Brian Dong, Liang Fermann, Martin E. Dudley, John M. Hartl, Ingmar Ye, Jun GP IEEE TI 1.5 Octave Highly Coherent Fiber Frequency Comb SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD ID OPTICAL-FIBERS AB We present a highly coherent Yb-fiber laser based frequency comb spanning nearly 1.5 spectral octaves. The coherence properties are investigated by optical beat experiments and numerical simulations. C1 [Ruehl, Axel; McKay, Hugh; Thomas, Brian; Dong, Liang; Fermann, Martin E.; Hartl, Ingmar] IMRA Amer Inc, 1044 Woodridge Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Ruehl, Axel] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Inst Lasers Life & Biophoton, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Cossel, Kevin C.; Martin, Michael. J.; Ye, Jun] JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cossel, Kevin C.; Martin, Michael. J.; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dong, Liang] Clemson Univ, Coll Engn & Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Dudley, John M.] Univ Franche Comte, Dept Opt, F-25000 Besancon, France. RP Ruehl, A (reprint author), IMRA Amer Inc, 1044 Woodridge Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM a.ruehl@vu.nl NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612401346 ER PT S AU Safronova, M Kozlov, M Clark, CW AF Safronova, Marianna Kozlov, Mikhail Clark, Charles W. GP IEEE TI Precision Calculation of Blackbody Radiation Shifts for Metrology at the 18(th) Decimal Place SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We present a new approach for accurate calculation of atomic polarizabilities, apply it to evaluate BBR shifts in optical clock transitions in Al+, B+ and In+, and find uncertainties below 10(-18) in some cases. C1 [Safronova, Marianna] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Kozlov, Mikhail] PNPI, Gatchina, Russia. [Clark, Charles W.] Univ Maryland, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Safronova, M (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM msafrono@udel.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612400069 ER PT S AU Song, DH Lou, CB Malkova, N Ye, ZY Hu, Y Xu, JJ Chen, ZG AF Song, Daohong Lou, Cibo Malkova, N. Ye, Zhuoyi Hu, Yi Xu, Jingjun Chen, Zhigang GP IEEE TI Light localization and Shockley surface states in honeycomb photonic lattices SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We demonstrate an induction technique to generate honeycomb photonic lattices with equal and unequal sites in each unit-cell. We show light localization as nonlinear solitons and linear Shockley surface states in lattices with unequal sites. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Song, Daohong; Lou, Cibo; Ye, Zhuoyi; Hu, Yi; Xu, Jingjun; Chen, Zhigang] Nankai Univ, Key Lab Weak Light Nonlinear Photon, Minist Educ, Tianjin 300457, Peoples R China. [Song, Daohong; Lou, Cibo; Ye, Zhuoyi; Hu, Yi; Xu, Jingjun; Chen, Zhigang] Nankai Univ, TEDA Appl Phys Sch, Tianjin 300457, Peoples R China. [Malkova, N.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Malkova, N.] Univ Maryland, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Chen, Zhigang] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. RP Song, DH (reprint author), Nankai Univ, Key Lab Weak Light Nonlinear Photon, Minist Educ, Tianjin 300457, Peoples R China. FU 973 Program; 111project; NSFC; PCSIRT; NSF; AFOSR FX This work was supported by the 973 Program, 111project, NSFC, PCSIRT, NSF and AFOSR. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612403309 ER PT S AU Song, QH Ge, L Wiersig, J Solomon, GS Stone, AD Cao, H AF Song, Qinghai Ge, Li Wiersig, Jan Solomon, Glenn S. Stone, A. Douglas Cao, Hui GP IEEE TI The Smallest Deformed Disk with Unidirectional Output SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We demonstrate the smallest deformed microdisk laser with unidirectional output. The radius of disk over emission wavelength is as small as 0.7. C1 [Song, Qinghai] Harbin Inst Technol, Inst Optoelect, Natl Key Lab Tunable Laser Technol, Harbin 150080, Peoples R China. [Song, Qinghai; Ge, Li; Stone, A. Douglas; Cao, Hui] Yale Univ, Dept Appl Sci, New Haven, CT 47906 USA. [Wiersig, Jan] Univ Magdeburg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-39016 Magdeburg, Germany. [Solomon, Glenn S.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Song, QH (reprint author), Harbin Inst Technol, Inst Optoelect, Natl Key Lab Tunable Laser Technol, Harbin 150080, Peoples R China. EM qinghai.song@gmail.com RI Song, Qinghai/C-2197-2014 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612401124 ER PT S AU Srinivasan, K Miao, HX Rakher, MT Davanco, M Aksyuk, V AF Srinivasan, Kartik Miao, Houxun Rakher, Matthew T. Davanco, Marcelo Aksyuk, Vladimir GP IEEE TI Cavity optomechanical sensors for atomic force microscopy SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We develop a silicon cavity optomechanical sensor for atomic force microscopy through near-field coupling between a nanocantilever and microdisk cavity. The device exhibits sub-fm/root Hz displacement sensitivity, GHz bandwidth, and >60 dB of dynamic range. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Srinivasan, Kartik; Miao, Houxun; Rakher, Matthew T.; Davanco, Marcelo; Aksyuk, Vladimir] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Srinivasan, K (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kartik.srinivasan@nist.gov RI Rakher, Matthew/C-2287-2011 OI Rakher, Matthew/0000-0002-4490-4197 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612401338 ER PT S AU Stevens, MJ Glancy, S Nam, SW Mirin, RP AF Stevens, Martin J. Glancy, Scott Nam, Sae Woo Mirin, Richard P. GP IEEE TI Third-Order Antibunching from an Imperfect Single-Photon Source SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We measure second- and third-order coherences of an imperfect single-photon source. The magnitude of third-order antibunching indicates that imperfect second- order antibunching results from background emission with Poissonian photon number statistics. Work of the United States government, not subject to U.S. copyright. C1 [Stevens, Martin J.; Glancy, Scott; Nam, Sae Woo; Mirin, Richard P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Stevens, MJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM marty@nist.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612403375 ER PT S AU Swann, WC Baumann, E Giorgetta, FR Newbury, NR AF Swann, W. C. Baumann, E. Giorgetta, F. R. Newbury, N. R. GP IEEE TI Microwave generation with low residual phase noise from a femtosecond fiber laser with an intracavity EOM SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD ID FREQUENCY COMB; SIGNALS AB A femtosecond fiber laser with an intracavity electro-optic modulator is phase-locked to a high-finesse cavity through two cw transfer lasers. The residual phase noise at the 300 MHz harmonic is -126 dBc/Hz at 1 Hz. C1 [Swann, W. C.; Baumann, E.; Giorgetta, F. R.; Newbury, N. R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Swann, WC (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM swann@boulder.nist.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612400073 ER PT S AU Taylor, JA Fortier, TM Kirchner, MS Quinlan, F Lemke, N Ludlow, A Jiang, Y Oates, CW Diddams, SA AF Taylor, J. A. Fortier, T. M. Kirchner, M. S. Quinlan, F. Lemke, N. Ludlow, A. Jiang, Y. Oates, C. W. Diddams, S. A. GP IEEE TI Ultra-Low Phase Noise Microwaves from Optical References SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD ID FREQUENCY; LASER; GHZ; SIGNALS AB We show a photonic oscillator providing 10 GHz microwaves having L(f)=-104 dBc/Hz at 1 Hz offset and fractional instability <= 8x10(-16) at 1 s. These values are verified by operation and comparison of two independent systems. C1 [Taylor, J. A.; Fortier, T. M.; Kirchner, M. S.; Quinlan, F.; Lemke, N.; Ludlow, A.; Jiang, Y.; Oates, C. W.; Diddams, S. A.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. RP Taylor, JA (reprint author), NIST, 325 S Broadway, Boulder, CO USA. EM Jennifer.taylor@nist.gov; scott.diddams@nist.gov RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013; Lemke, Nathan/L-9059-2013 OI Lemke, Nathan/0000-0003-4165-0715 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612400072 ER PT S AU Townsend, E Bryant, GW AF Townsend, Emily Bryant, Garnett W. GP IEEE TI Plasmonic Properties of Metallic Nanoparticles: The Effects of Size Quantization SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We examine the quantum mechanics of plasmons in metallic nanoparticle systems using time-dependent density functional theory. We identify "quantum core plasmons" and "classical surface plasmons". (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Townsend, Emily; Bryant, Garnett W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Townsend, E (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ETownsend@eml.cc; Garnett.Bryant@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612403364 ER PT S AU Vitek, DN Block, E Bellouard, Y Adams, DE Backus, S Kleinfeld, D Durfee, C Squier, JA AF Vitek, Dawn N. Block, Erica Bellouard, Yves Adams, Daniel E. Backus, Sterling Kleinfeld, David Durfee, Charles Squier, Jeffrey A. GP IEEE TI Spatio-temporally Focused Femtosecond Laser Pulses for Anisotropic Writing in Optically Transparent Materials SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD ID GLASS AB Simultaneous spatial and temporal focusing provides precise control of the pulse front tilt necessary for anisotropic writing and maintains this behavior over a large range of focal positions and at low numerical aperture and fluence. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Vitek, Dawn N.; Block, Erica; Durfee, Charles; Squier, Jeffrey A.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Ctr Microintegrated Opt Adv Bioimaging & Control, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Bellouard, Yves] Eindhoven Univ Technol, Dept Engn Mech, Eindhoven, Netherlands. [Adams, Daniel E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Adams, Daniel E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Adams, Daniel E.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Backus, Sterling] Kapteyn Murnane Lab Inc, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Kleinfeld, David] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Vitek, DN (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Ctr Microintegrated Opt Adv Bioimaging & Control, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM jsquier@mines.edu RI Backus, Sterling/C-2506-2008 FU AFOSR [FA9550-07-10026, FA9550-10-C-0017]; NIH [EB003832] FX We thank Mariana Potcoava for her assistance with imaging. We gratefully acknowledge support for this work from the AFOSR grants FA9550-07-10026 and FA9550-10-C-0017 and the NIH EB003832. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612402208 ER PT S AU Wahlstrand, JK Cundiff, ST Sipe, JE AF Wahlstrand, J. K. Cundiff, S. T. Sipe, J. E. GP IEEE TI Calculations of the two-photon Franz-Keldysh effect and field-induced quantum interference control in GaAs SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB The two-photon Franz-Keldysh effect in bulk GaAs is calculated using a 14-band model for the band structure. Strong effects are predicted for both two-photon absorption and quantum interference control of carrier injection. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Wahlstrand, J. K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wahlstrand, J. K.; Cundiff, S. T.; Sipe, J. E.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wahlstrand, J. K.; Cundiff, S. T.; Sipe, J. E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Wahlstrand, JK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM wahlstrj@umd.edu RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612402334 ER PT S AU Waks, E Sridharan, D Bose, R Kim, H Solomon, GS AF Waks, E. Sridharan, D. Bose, R. Kim, H. Solomon, G. S. GP IEEE TI Nonlinear optics near the single photon level with quantum dots SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD ID CRYSTAL NANOCAVITY AB We describe our work on engineering nonlinear optical devices using quantum dots coupled to optical resonators. These systems enable large optical Stark shifts and all optical switching with only a few photons. C1 [Waks, E.; Sridharan, D.; Bose, R.; Kim, H.; Solomon, G. S.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Waks, E.; Sridharan, D.; Bose, R.; Kim, H.; Solomon, G. S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Waks, E (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM edowaks@umd.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612403389 ER PT S AU Wang, CY Herr, T Del'Haye, P Schliesser, A Holzwarth, R Hansch, TW Picque, N Kippenberg, TJ AF Wang, C. Y. Herr, T. Del'Haye, P. Schliesser, A. Holzwarth, R. Haensch, T. W. Picque, N. Kippenberg, T. J. GP IEEE TI Mid-Infrared Frequency Combs Based on Microresonators SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD ID MICROCAVITIES AB We present for the first time mid-infrared frequency comb generation from micro-resonators. Combs spanning over more than 10 THz around the 2.5 mu m-wavelength CW-pump are generated in crystalline MgF2 whispering-gallery mode resonators via four-wave-mixing. C1 [Wang, C. Y.; Del'Haye, P.; Schliesser, A.; Holzwarth, R.; Haensch, T. W.; Picque, N.; Kippenberg, T. J.] Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Holzwarth, R.] Menlo Syst GmbH, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany. [Haensch, T. W.; Picque, N.] Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchenht, Fakultat Phys, D-80799 Munich, Germany. [Picque, N.] Univ Paris Sud, Inst Sci Mole Orsay, CNRS, Van Nuys, CA 91405 USA. [Del'Haye, P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Wang, CY (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM nathalie.picque@mpq.mpg.de; tobias.kippenberg@epfl.ch RI Kippenberg, Tobias/B-3133-2013; Del'Haye, Pascal/G-2588-2016 OI Del'Haye, Pascal/0000-0002-6517-6942 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612403213 ER PT S AU Ycas, G Diddams, S Quinlan, F Osterman, S Bender, C Mahadevan, S Ramsey, L Redman, S Terrien, R AF Ycas, G. Diddams, S. Quinlan, F. Osterman, S. Bender, C. Mahadevan, Suvrath Ramsey, L. Redman, S. Terrien, R. GP IEEE TI Calibration of an Astronomical Spectrograph using a 25 GHz Laser Frequency Comb SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD ID PRECISION AB A 25 GHz frequency comb for calibration of astronomical spectrographs in the 1.4-1.65 mu m region is demonstrated with the R=50,000 lambda/Delta lambda Pathfinder spectrograph at the Hobby-Eberly telescope. C1 [Ycas, G.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ycas, G.; Diddams, S.; Quinlan, F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Osterman, S.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bender, C.; Mahadevan, Suvrath; Ramsey, L.; Redman, S.; Terrien, R.] Penn State, Dept Astron & Astrophys, State Coll, PA 16801 USA. RP Ycas, G (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM ycasg@colorado.edu RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612402217 ER PT S AU Zhang, HP Wahlstrand, JK Choi, S Cundiff, ST AF Zhang, Haipeng Wahlstrand, Jared K. Choi, SooBong Cundiff, Steven T. GP IEEE TI Efficient Photoconductive Terahertz Generation Using a Radio Frequency Bias SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB An efficient photoconductive THz source is described that uses a rapidly oscillating, high voltage bias across electrodes insulated from the GaAs sample. The resulting uniform field enables excitation with a large laser spot. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Zhang, Haipeng; Wahlstrand, Jared K.; Choi, SooBong; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Zhang, HP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Haipeng.Zhang@.colorado.edu RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612401155 ER PT S AU Zolot, AM Coddington, I Giorgetta, FR Baumann, E Swann, WC Nicholson, JW Newbury, NR AF Zolot, A. M. Coddington, I. Giorgetta, F. R. Baumann, E. Swann, W. C. Nicholson, J. W. Newbury, N. R. GP IEEE TI High Accuracy Molecular Spectroscopy with Combs Broadened From 1.35 to 1.7 mu m SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD ID METHANE; RANGE AB A coherent dual comb spectrometer spanning over 45 THz in the NIR was constructed from broadened erbium fiber lasers. Gas phase water, methane, and acetylene spectra were measured and characterized toward establishing absolute frequency references. Work of the U. S. government, not subject to copyright. C1 [Zolot, A. M.; Coddington, I.; Giorgetta, F. R.; Baumann, E.; Swann, W. C.; Newbury, N. R.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Nicholson, J. W.] OFS Lab, Somerset, NJ 08873 USA. RP Zolot, AM (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Alex.Zolot@nist.gov RI Zolot, Alexander/C-7450-2013 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612401345 ER PT S AU Ge, Y Yan, B Sun, KR Gharavi, H AF Ge, Yi Yan, Bo Sun, Kairan Gharavi, Hamid GP IEEE TI Selective Pixel Interpolation for Spatial Error Concealment SO 2011 IEEE 13TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON MULTIMEDIA SIGNAL PROCESSING (MMSP) SE IEEE International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th IEEE International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing (MMSP) CY OCT 17-19, 2011 CL Hangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Signal Process Soc, Beijing Baidu Netcom Sci Technol Co Ltd, Microsoft Res, Mitsubishi Elect Res Labs, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China (NSFC) DE spatial error concealment; edge detection; partitioning interpolation ID RECOVERY; BLOCKS AB This paper proposes an effective algorithm for spatial error concealment with accurate edge detection and partitioning interpolation. Firstly, a new method is used for detecting possible edge pixels and their matching pixels around the lost block. Then, the true edge lines can be determined, with which the lost block is partitioned. Finally, based on the partition result, each lost pixel can be interpolated with correct reference pixels, which are in the same region with the lost pixel. Experimental results show that the proposed spatial error concealment method is obviously superior to the previous methods for different sequences by up to 4.04 dB. C1 [Ge, Yi; Yan, Bo; Sun, Kairan] Fudan Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Gharavi, Hamid] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ge, Y (reprint author), Fudan Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. RI Yan, Bo/B-2502-2012 FU NSFC [61073067] FX This work is supported by NSFC (Grant No.: 61073067). NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2163-3517 BN 978-1-4577-1434-4 J9 IEEE INT WORKSH MULT PY 2011 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BXZ89 UT WOS:000297733200059 ER PT S AU Wang, J Huang, BM Huang, A Goldberg, MD AF Wang, Jun Huang, Bormin Huang, Allen Goldberg, Mitchell D. GP IEEE TI Parallel Computation of the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) WDM5 Cloud Microphysics on a Many-Core GPU SO 2011 IEEE 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS (ICPADS) SE International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems - Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (ICPADS) CY DEC 07-09, 2011 CL Tainan, TAIWAN SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Natl Sci Council, Minist Educ, Acad Sinica, Natl Ctr High Performance Comp, Inst Informat Ind, Ind Tech Res Inst, Taiwan Assoc Cloud Comp, Comp Soc Republ China, Intel Corp, Tainan City Govt, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP) DE WRF; WDM5 microphysics scheme; GPU; CUDA AB The Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) Double Moment 5-class (WDM5) mixed ice microphysics scheme predicts mixing ratio of hydrometeors and their number concentrations for warm rain species including clouds and rain. WDM5 can be computed in parallel in the horizontal domain using a many-core GPU. In order to obtain better GPU performance, we manually rewrote the original WDM5 Fortran module into a highly parallel CUDA C program. The GPU-based implementation of WDM5 microphysics scheme on 1 GTX590 GPU achieves a significant speedup of 147x over its CPU-based single-threaded counterpart when we use asynchronous data transfer and non-coalesced memory access. More importantly, the speedup excluding the host-device data transfer time is 206x when using coalesced memory access. Since the WDM5 microphysics scheme is only an intermediate module of the entire WRF model, its input data should be already available in the GPU global memory from previous modules and its output data should reside at the GPU global memory for later usage by other modules. C1 [Wang, Jun; Huang, Bormin; Huang, Allen] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Goldberg, Mitchell D.] NOAA, NEDIS, Ctr Satellite Appl & Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jwang@ssec.wisc.edu; bormin@ssec.wisc.edu; allenh@ssec.wisc.edu; Mitch.Goldberg@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA10NES4400013] FX This research is supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under Grant No. NA10NES4400013. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1521-9097 BN 978-0-7695-4576-9 J9 INT C PAR DISTRIB SY PY 2011 BP 1032 EP 1037 DI 10.1109/ICPADS.2011.160 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BYN02 UT WOS:000299395900148 ER PT S AU Das, MK Capell, C Grider, DE Raju, R Schutten, M Nasadoski, J Leslie, S Ostop, J Hefner, A AF Das, Mrinal K. Capell, Craig Grider, David E. Raju, Ravi Schutten, Michael Nasadoski, Jeffrey Leslie, Scott Ostop, John Hefner, Allen GP IEEE TI 10 kV, 120 A SiC Half H-Bridge Power MOSFET Modules Suitable for High Frequency, Medium Voltage Applications SO 2011 IEEE ENERGY CONVERSION CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION (ECCE) SE IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) CY SEP 17-22, 2011 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE, IEEE Power Elect Soc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc AB The majority carrier domain of power semiconductor devices has been extended to 10 kV with the advent of SiC MOSFETs and Schottky diodes. The devices exhibit excellent static and dynamic properties with encouraging preliminary reliability. Twenty-four MOSFETs and twelve Schottky diodes have been assembled in a 10 kV half H-bridge power module to increase the current handling capability to 120 A per switch without compromising the die-level characteristics. For the first time, a custom designed system (13.8 kV to 465/root 3 V solid state power substation) has been successfully demonstrated with these state of the art SiC modules up to 855 kVA operation and 97% efficiency. Soft-switching at 20 kHz, the SiC enabled SSPS represents a 70% reduction in weight and 50% reduction in size when compared to a 60 Hz conventional, analog transformer. C1 [Das, Mrinal K.; Capell, Craig; Grider, David E.] Cree Inc, Power R&D, Adv Devices, Durham 27703, NC USA. [Raju, Ravi; Schutten, Michael; Nasadoski, Jeffrey] GE Global Res, Power Elect Lab, Niskayuna 12309, NY USA. [Leslie, Scott; Ostop, John] Custom Module Design Powerex Inc, Youngwood 15697, PA USA. [Hefner, Allen] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg 20899, MD USA. RP Das, MK (reprint author), Cree Inc, Power R&D, Adv Devices, Durham 27703, NC USA. EM mrinal_das@cree.com; raju@research.ge.com; sleslie@pwrx.com; allen.hefner@nist.gov FU DARPA [N00014-05-C-0202] FX This work was supported by DARPA contract # N00014-05-C-0202, monitored by Sharon Beerman-Curtin and Terry Ericsen. NR 3 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2329-3721 BN 978-1-4577-0541-0 J9 IEEE ENER CONV PY 2011 BP 2689 EP 2692 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX82 UT WOS:000297545903036 ER PT S AU Hunt, FY Marbukh, V Wang, Y AF Hunt, Fern Y. Marbukh, Vladimir Wang, Yi GP IEEE TI A Mathematical Model of Joint Congestion Control and Routing in Multisource Networks SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL APPLICATIONS (CCA) SE IEEE International Conference on Control Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Control Applications (CCA) CY SEP 28-30, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Control Syst Soc AB In this paper we study a model of joint congestion control and routing in a ring network of sources with a single destination at the center (Figure 2). A utility maximization problem subject to routing constraints is posed and equations for its solution are presented. The distribution of traffic on routes available to a source is subject to an entropy constraint that controls the path diversity or degree of robustness of the allocation. Thus the utility/stability issue can be addressed directly and quantitatively in a way that differs from previous work on multiroute NUM problems. The dynamics of the model equations will be analyzed in the case of a constant route allocation defined by the allocation distribution entropy for a source. Motivated by earlier work on a two link network, the dynamics of the mean route costs for each source in the ring network are studied by deriving a continuous time approximation of the equations they satisfy. The equilibrium solutions of this approximation are used to greatly simplify the analysis of the model equations and the solution of the original optimization problem. We conclude with a discussion of the tradeoff between utility and path diversity (robustness) for two contrasting assignment of link capacities. Given a homogeneous assignment of capacities the network behaves like a two link model (Fig 1), while a heterogeneous assignment produces utilities displaying different tradeoffs for different sources. C1 [Hunt, Fern Y.; Marbukh, Vladimir] NIST, Appl Math & Computat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wang, Yi] Univ Minnesota, Dept Math, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Hunt, FY (reprint author), NIST, Appl Math & Computat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM fern.hunt@nist.gov; vladimir.marbukh@nist.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1085-1992 BN 978-1-4577-1063-6 J9 IEEE INTL CONF CONTR PY 2011 BP 1131 EP 1138 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BXV14 UT WOS:000297216500125 ER PT S AU Mahboubi, H Masoudimansour, W Aghdam, AG Sayrafian-Pour, K AF Mahboubi, Hamid Masoudimansour, Walid Aghdam, Amir G. Sayrafian-Pour, Kamran GP IEEE TI Cost-Efficient Routing with Controlled Node Mobility in Sensor Networks SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL APPLICATIONS (CCA) SE IEEE International Conference on Control Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Control Applications (CCA) CY SEP 28-30, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Control Syst Soc AB In this paper, an energy-efficient strategy is proposed for tracking a moving target in a mobile sensor network. The energy expenditure of the sensors in the network is assumed to be due to communication, sensing and movement. First, the target area is divided into a grid of sufficiently small rectangular cells in order to search for near optimal locations for the sensors in different time instants. The grid is then converted to a graph with properly weighted edges. A shortest-path algorithm is subsequently used to route information from target to destination by a subset of sensors. C1 [Mahboubi, Hamid; Masoudimansour, Walid; Aghdam, Amir G.] Concordia Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1455 Maisonneuve Blvd W,EV005-139, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada. [Sayrafian-Pour, Kamran] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mahboubi, H (reprint author), Concordia Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1455 Maisonneuve Blvd W,EV005-139, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada. EM h_mahbo@ece.concordia.ca; w_masou@ece.concordia.ca; aghdam@ece.concordia.ca; ksayrafian@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) [70NANB8H8146] FX This work has been supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), under grant 70NANB8H8146. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1085-1992 BN 978-1-4577-1063-6 J9 IEEE INTL CONF CONTR PY 2011 BP 1238 EP 1243 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BXV14 UT WOS:000297216500137 ER PT S AU Mahboubi, H Moezzi, K Aghdam, AG Sayrafian-Pour, K Marbukh, V AF Mahboubi, Hamid Moezzi, Kaveh Aghdam, Amir G. Sayrafian-Pour, Kamran Marbukh, Vladimir GP IEEE TI Distributed Deployment Algorithms for Improved Coverage in Mobile Sensor Networks SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL APPLICATIONS (CCA) SE IEEE International Conference on Control Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Control Applications (CCA) CY SEP 28-30, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Control Syst Soc AB In this paper, sensor deployment strategies are studied for effective coverage in wireless sensor networks. In the proposed algorithms, each sensor discovers the coverage holes within its Voronoi polygons, and then moves in a proper direction to minimize them. Novel edge-based and vertex-based strategies are proposed for efficient sensor deployment, and their features are compared with existing techniques. The algorithms proposed in this paper consider the distances of each sensor and the points inside its corresponding Voronoi polygon from the edges or vertices of the polygon. It is shown that the methods introduced in this work outperform existing strategies. Simulations confirm the effectiveness of the proposed deployment algorithms, and their superiority over the techniques reported in the literature. C1 [Mahboubi, Hamid; Moezzi, Kaveh; Aghdam, Amir G.] Concordia Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1455 Maisonneuve Blvd W,EV005-139, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada. [Sayrafian-Pour, Kamran; Marbukh, Vladimir] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mahboubi, H (reprint author), Concordia Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1455 Maisonneuve Blvd W,EV005-139, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada. EM h_mahbo@ece.concordia.ca; k_moezz@ece.concordia.ca; aghdam@ece.concordia.ca; ksayrafian@nist.gov; marbukh@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) [70NANB8H8146] FX This work has been supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), under grant 70NANB8H8146. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1085-1992 BN 978-1-4577-1063-6 J9 IEEE INTL CONF CONTR PY 2011 BP 1244 EP 1249 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BXV14 UT WOS:000297216500138 ER PT S AU Wason, JD Wen, JT Dagalakis, NG AF Wason, John D. Wen, John T. Dagalakis, Nicholas G. GP IEEE TI Dextrous Manipulation of a Micropart with Multiple Compliant Probes through Visual Force Feedback SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA) SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY MAY 09-13, 2011 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc, Minist Educ China, Minist Sci & Technol China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Sci & Technol Commiss Shanghai Municipal, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, State Key Lab Mech Syst & Vibrat, Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Digital Mfg Equipment & Technol, Harbin Inst Technol, State Key Lab Robot & Syst, Zhejiang Univ, Inst Cyber-Syst & Control, Chinese Acad Sci, Shenyang Inst Automat, Beihang Univ, Robotics Inst, Beijing Res Inst Automat Machinery Ind, Tianjin Univ, Sch Mech Engn, ABB, YASKAWA Elect, KUKA, Willow Garage, Googol Tech., Adept Mobile Robots, Harbin Boshi Automat, Natl Instruments, Beijing Universal Pioneering Technol, Real-Time Control & Instrumentat Lab, GE Global Res, ALDEBARAN Robot, Int Federat Robot (IFR), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ AB In our recent work, we have demonstrated effectiveness of the concept of multi-probe microassembly for manipulating and inserting microscale, sub-millimeter, parts to create three-dimensional microstructures. However, the approach has been based on trial-and-error manual teaching of grasp points to ensure a stable grasp during motion. As a result, the part orientation is restricted (nearly aligned with the world reference frame and lying flat) to ensure successful grasping and manipulation. In this paper, we developed a kinematics based hybrid motion and force control based only on vision feedback. We first conduct a systematic analysis of the bending of the probes while they are in contact with the part, to estimate the grasp force based on the vision feedback of the probe configuration. A Jacobian based controller is then used for position manipulation while maintaining the desired squeeze force. Experimental results with two probes and two camera are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the controller to move the part to specified position and orientation while maintaining sufficient squeeze force to prevent part slippage. C1 [Wason, John D.; Wen, John T.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Ctr Automat Technol & Syst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Dagalakis, Nicholas G.] NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wason, JD (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Ctr Automat Technol & Syst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM wasonj@rpi.edu; wenj@rpi.edu; nicholas.dagalakis@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) under the Small Grant program and the Center for Automation Technologies and Systems (CATS) under a block grant from the New York State Office of Science, Technology, and Academic Research (NYSTAR). FX This work is supported in part by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) under the Small Grant program and the Center for Automation Technologies and Systems (CATS) under a block grant from the New York State Office of Science, Technology, and Academic Research (NYSTAR). NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-61284-385-8 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2011 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BGW51 UT WOS:000324383405037 ER PT S AU Souryal, MR Golmie, N AF Souryal, Michael R. Golmie, Nada GP IEEE TI Analysis of Advanced Metering over a Wide Area Cellular Network SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SMART GRID COMMUNICATIONS (SMARTGRIDCOMM) SE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm) CY OCT 17-20, 2011 CL Brussels, BELGIUM SP IEEE AB This paper presents a framework for analysis of the coverage and capacity of advanced metering over a wide area cellular network. The coverage analysis predicts the maximum cell size subject to an outage criterion, and the capacity analysis predicts the maximum rate at which a smart meter can send and receive messages over the wide area portion of the network. The framework permits quantification of the tradeoff between coverage and capacity, as well as the impact of variables associated with the radio frequency environment, system configuration, and network utilization. The framework is illustrated through an example analysis of Long Term Evolution, a pre-fourth-generation cellular technology. Results suggest that the network is coverage-limited rather than capacity-limited for the meter reading use case, and it quantifies the excess capacity available for other uses and/or other entities sharing the network. C1 [Souryal, Michael R.; Golmie, Nada] NIST, Emerging & Mobile Network Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Souryal, MR (reprint author), NIST, Emerging & Mobile Network Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2373-6836 BN 978-1-4577-1702-4 J9 INT CONF SMART GRID PY 2011 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJT38 UT WOS:000330170100018 ER PT S AU Guo, WQ Healy, WM Zhou, MC AF Guo, Wenqi (Wendy) Healy, William M. Zhou, MengChu GP IEEE TI Interference Impacts on ZigBee-based Wireless Mesh Networks for Building Automation and Control SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS (SMC) SE IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC) CY OCT 09-12, 2011 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc (IEEE SMC), IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc (CAS), IEEE Engn, Med & Biol Soc (EMB) DE ZigBee; Wireless mesh networks; Interference; Building automation and control systems AB ZigBee-Wireless Mesh Networks (ZigBee-WMNs) are recognized as a cost-effective and flexible solution for building automation and control systems (BACs). They have the potential to unify the methods of data communication for sensors, actuators, appliances, and asset-tracking devices in BACs. They offer a means to build a reliable but affordable network backbone to facilitate building control. ZigBee operates primarily in the license-free 2.4 GHz ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) band. This feature makes the technology easily applicable, but also potentially vulnerable to interference by other electronic systems working in the same band such as WLAN-systems of IEEE 802.11 and microwave ovens. This paper reports the experimental results to quantify the impact of different interferers on ZigBee-WMNs. They show that, among different interferers, interference from microwave oven is indeed a major problem. In particular, it results in bigger drop rate and retrial rate compared to the impact of WiFi on WMN. It is expected that the results can provide a quantitative basis for designing reliable ZigBee-WMNs. C1 [Guo, Wenqi (Wendy); Zhou, MengChu] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Healy, William M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Building Environm Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Guo, WQ (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM wg9@njit.edu; william.healy@nist.gov; zhou@njit.edu NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 978-1-4577-0653-0 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2011 BP 3452 EP 3457 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BYG71 UT WOS:000298615103121 ER PT S AU Peng, G Zhang, HM Frank, HP Bidlot, JR Higaki, M Hankins, W AF Peng, G. Zhang, H. -M. Frank, H. P. Bidlot, J. -R. Higaki, M. Hankins, W. GP IEEE TI A COMPARISON OF VARIOUS EQUATORIAL PACIFIC SURFACE WIND PRODUCTS SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 24-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc (IEEE GRSS) DE Winds; Statistical analysis; Model verification and validation; Remote sensing; Reanalysis AB Daily 2009 surface winds from five model, remotely-sensed, and reanalysis wind products are compared with measurements from three fixed mooring buoys located in the west equatorial Pacific (0 degrees N, 165 degrees E), the central equatorial Pacific (0 degrees N, 170 degrees W), and the eastern-central equatorial Pacific Ocean (0 degrees N, 140 degrees W). The cross-correlation coefficients between these five wind products and the buoy winds are all statistically significant at the 95% confidence level, ranging from 0.77 to 0.97 for the zonal winds and 0.45 to 0.93 for the meridional winds. However, a systematic positive/negative bias was found in wind directions in all wind products at the central/eastern central Pacific Ocean, which could have an impact on local wind stress curl field in the region. C1 [Peng, G.; Hankins, W.] STG Inc, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Peng, G.; Zhang, H. -M.; Hankins, W.] NOAA, NESDIS, NCDC, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Frank, H. P.] DWD, Offenbach, Germany. [Bidlot, J. -R.] ECMWF, Reading, Berks, England. [Higaki, M.] JMA, Tokyo, Japan. RP Peng, G (reprint author), STG Inc, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. FU JMA; NCEP/CFSR FX The work was carried out at RSAD/NCDC. We thank ECMWF, DWD, and JMA for providing their model data sets and the NCDC NOMADS team for the NCEP/CFSR data. We thank Richard Reynolds, James Kossin, Ken Knapp, Tom Peterson, and Detlev Majewski for beneficial discussions and comments. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4577-1005-6 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2011 BP 2049 EP 2052 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2011.6049534 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BXX72 UT WOS:000297496302017 ER PT S AU Niu, J Back, TC Kondragunta, S Flynn, LE Beach, E AF Niu, Jianguo Back, Trevor C. Kondragunta, Shobha Flynn, Lawrence E. Beach, Eric GP IEEE TI COMPUTING DIFFERENTIAL AIR MASS FACTOR LOOKUP TABLES USING DISORT RADIATIVE TRANSFER MODEL SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 24-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc (IEEE GRSS) DE Trace gas retrieval; air mass factor; radiative transfer; spectroscopy AB NOAA/NESDIS is implementing its own data processing for MetOP-A/GOME-2 observation. The retrieval method used for Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and Bromine monoxide (BrO) is the heritage EOS/OMI differential optical absorption spectroscopic (DOAS) method. To covert the slant column density (SCD) to the vertical column density (VCD) a differential air mass factor (dAmf) lookup table (LUT) is necessary. For the practical need, a NOAA version dAmf lookup table has been generated using a discrete ordinates radiative transfer model (DISORT). A thorough study of the algorithm, which computes air mass factor, has been conducted. It will be discussed in detail in this presentation. In this work, we first set up a DISORT model to simulate a real measurement, and then compute a six-dimensional table of dAmf for DOAS method. The computed LUT has been investigated and compared to that used in the OMI NO2B algorithm. C1 [Niu, Jianguo; Beach, Eric] IMSG, 5200 Auth Rd,Camp Springs, Rockville, MD 20746 USA. [Back, Trevor C.; Kondragunta, Shobha; Flynn, Lawrence E.] NOAA, NESDIS, Silver Spring, MD 20746 USA. RP Niu, J (reprint author), IMSG, 5200 Auth Rd,Camp Springs, Rockville, MD 20746 USA. RI Flynn, Lawrence/B-6321-2009; Beach, Eric/F-5576-2010; Kondragunta, Shobha/F-5601-2010 OI Flynn, Lawrence/0000-0001-6856-2614; Kondragunta, Shobha/0000-0001-8593-8046 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4577-1005-6 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2011 BP 3277 EP 3280 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2011.6049919 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BXX72 UT WOS:000297496303066 ER PT S AU Jaross, G Kelly, T Flittner, D Seftor, C Buss, R Flynn, L AF Jaross, G. Kelly, T. Flittner, D. Seftor, C. Buss, R. Flynn, L. GP IEEE TI POST-LAUNCH PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF THE OMPS SENSORS ON NAPP SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 24-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc (IEEE GRSS) DE Earth Observing System; Remote Sensing; Calibration AB The design of the instruments in the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite is each based on heritage instruments whose products have been validated via long-established techniques. The pre-launch performance characteristics of these instruments is as good or better than those of their predecessors, implying a similar result for OMPS ozone products. Each OMPS instrument, however, has unique design characteristics that have never before been applied to or have seen limited use in flight instruments. These aspects are singled out for special attention during the evaluation phase early in the NPP mission. C1 [Jaross, G.; Kelly, T.; Seftor, C.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Flittner, D.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Buss, R.] Raytheon Miss Operat Solut, Waltham, MA 02451 USA. [Flynn, L.] NOAA NESDIS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Jaross, G (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RI Flynn, Lawrence/B-6321-2009 OI Flynn, Lawrence/0000-0001-6856-2614 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4577-1005-6 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2011 BP 3394 EP 3396 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2011.6049948 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BXX72 UT WOS:000297496303096 ER PT S AU Tamma, VA Wang, TE Kuester, EF Park, W Holloway, CL Zhou, J AF Tamma, Venkata A. Wang, Tin-Ei Kuester, Edward F. Park, Wounjhang Holloway, Christopher L. Zhou, Ji GP IEEE TI Metamaterial Inspired Electrically Small Patch Antenna SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI)/USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 03-08, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP IEEE, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc (APS), USNC, URSI DE metamaterials; miniaturized antennas; patch antennas; metamaterial antennas ID MAGNETO-DIELECTRICS; MINIATURIZATION AB We present a circular patch antenna that has been miniaturized by use of a magneto-dielectric substrate composed of an array of barium strontium titanate (BST) cubes embedded in Teflon substrate. The patch diameter was reduced by 4.5 times when compared to a traditional lambda/2 patch antenna radiating at the same frequency but without the magneto-dielectric substrate. Experimental results agree well with simulations and show that if matched well, the antenna can exhibit two peak gains of 7 dB and 2.7 dB at 2.347 GHz and 2.377 GHz respectively. The antenna radiates with an efficiency of 45 % at 2.435 GHz. C1 [Tamma, Venkata A.; Wang, Tin-Ei; Kuester, Edward F.; Park, Wounjhang] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Holloway, Christopher L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Elect, Boulder, CO USA. [Zhou, Ji] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Tamma, VA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM won.park@colorado.edu; holloway@boulder.nist.gov; zhouji@tsinghua.edu.cn FU DARPA Center on NanoscaleScience and Technology for Integrated Micro/Nano-Electromechanical Transducers (iMINT) - DARPAN/MEMS S&T Fundamentals Program [N66001- 10-1-4007] FX The studies conducted by the authors from the University of ColoradoBoulder are supported by the DARPA Center on NanoscaleScience and Technology for Integrated Micro/Nano-Electromechanical Transducers (iMINT) funded by DARPAN/MEMS S&T Fundamentals Program (N66001- 10-1-4007) (Dr. Tayo Akinwande, Program Manager). NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-9561-0 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2011 BP 775 EP 778 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXV72 UT WOS:000297298500201 ER PT S AU Pirkl, RJ Remley, KA AF Pirkl, Ryan J. Remley, Kate A. GP IEEE TI Antenna-Environment Multiple Scattering in Reverberation Chamber Measurements SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI)/USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 03-08, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP IEEE, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc (APS), USNC, URSI DE antenna-environment interactions; multiple scattering; reverberation chamber AB High-resolution synthetic aperture measurements in a reverberation chamber revealed the presence of multiple scattering between the scan antenna and the measurement environment. Casting the scan antenna-environment multiple scattering as an error term with respect to a fictitious non-scattering scan antenna led to a quantitative and measurable lower bound on the scan antenna-environment interactions. Numerical simulations of this lower bound for infinitesimal dipoles in a rectangular cavity indicated that the actual measurement error was likely to be much greater than this lower bound. In this case, antenna-environment multiple scattering effects were found to be non-negligible. Future work will investigate techniques for mitigating this multiple scattering to enable accurate synthetic aperture-based angle-of-arrival measurements in reverberation chambers. C1 [Pirkl, Ryan J.; Remley, Kate A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Pirkl, RJ (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ryan.pirkl@nist.gov; kate.remley@nist.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-9561-0 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2011 BP 1650 EP 1653 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXV72 UT WOS:000297298501203 ER PT S AU Lawson, RA Graham, D Stalin, S Meinig, C Tagawa, D Lawrence-Slavas, N Hibbins, R Ingham, B AF Lawson, R. A. Graham, D. Stalin, S. Meinig, C. Tagawa, D. Lawrence-Slavas, N. Hibbins, R. Ingham, B. GP IEEE TI From Research to Commercial Operations: The Next Generation Easy-to-Deploy (ETD) Tsunami Assessment Buoy SO 2011 IEEE - OCEANS SPAIN SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE OCEANS Conference CY JUN 06-09, 2011 CL Santander, SPAIN SP IEEE AB This paper addresses the transition from research to commercial operations of a next generation tsunami assessment system. Over the last five years, NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) has developed the next-generation Easy-to-Deploy (ETD) Deep-ocean Assessment and Recording of Tsunamis (DART (R)) buoy system. Through a technology transfer and license agreement, Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) produced the first commercial ETD DART (R) system based on the PMEL design. The SAIC ETD DART (R) was deployed northeast of Australia in the Coral Sea on August 27, 2010 and has reported several small tsunami events and the Honshu tsunami since that time. By design, the ETD DART (R) offers significant cost advantages over standard tsunami assessment systems. Current tsunami buoy systems require a large, specialized ship and multiple trained technicians to install. The ETD DART (R) is designed to be deployed by small and fast response vessels such as commercial fishing boats, requires fewer trained personnel and only minutes of deployment time. The ETD consists of a modular self-deploying surface buoy, a single housing bottom pressure recorder (BPR), and a mooring/anchoring system. The SAIC ETD DART has been declared fully operational and is now an important new technology available to support the global tsunami detection network. C1 [Lawson, R. A.; Graham, D.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, 4025 Hancock St, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. [Stalin, S.; Meinig, C.; Tagawa, D.; Lawrence-Slavas, N.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Lawson, RA (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, 4025 Hancock St, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2011 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BYN28 UT WOS:000299429000129 ER PT S AU Fletcher, JG Chaluvadi, M Anand, DM Amelot, J Li-Baboud, Y Moyne, J AF Fletcher, J. G. Chaluvadi, M. Anand, D. M. Amelot, J. Li-Baboud, Y. Moyne, J. GP IEEE TI Smart Clocks Have a Hand in the Smart Grid SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE DE time synchronization; networked control; model order deduction; data quality; PTP; NTP; GPS; Smart Grid AB Clock synchronization is becoming an increasingly important characteristic of modern wide area monitoring and control systems such as the power grid. It provides an opportunity to coordinate control actions and measurement instants across hundreds of miles and numerous network topologies. Devices and networks have advanced to a point where synchronization across a wide area can be achieved within 1 mu s of UTC ( Coordinated Universal Time). Along with these advances in clock synchronization must come a shift in the way analysis is performed. Modeling techniques must incorporate the effects of a clock synchronized device, and control techniques can leverage the knowledge of "time" to achieve unique results. This paper discusses various ways in which clock synchronization affects analysis and performance of the power grid, and presents a few projects related to the technology. Preliminary work has demonstrated the ability of various commercially available devices to provide reliable 1 mu s synchronization of clocks, and large variation across devices in terms of clock performance under transient events. C1 [Fletcher, J. G.; Chaluvadi, M.; Anand, D. M.; Moyne, J.] Univ Michigan, Engn Res Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Amelot, J.; Li-Baboud, Y.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fletcher, JG (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Engn Res Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM jgfletch@umich.edu; maruthiv@umich.edu; danand@umich.edu; Julien.Amelot@nist.gov; Ya-Shian.Li-Baboud@nist.gov; moyne@umich.edu FU National Institute of Standards and Technology FX We would like to thank the entire team at the Engineering Research Center for Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems (ERC-RMS) at the University of Michigan. We would also liketo acknowledge the support we received from experts at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. In particular, those who have contributed to the research presented in this paper. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469606027 ER PT S AU Nelson, TL FitzPatrick, GJ AF Nelson, T. L. FitzPatrick, G. J. GP IEEE TI NIST Role in the Interoperable Smart Grid SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE DE Demand Response; Electric Storage; Cyber Security; Standards AB The 2007 Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) gave NIST the role of coordinating with industry and government stakeholders the development of an interoperability framework for Smart Grid (SG) devices and systems, including standards and protocols. The goal is to achieve seamless interoperability across the power system from generator to consumer. NIST is in the process of identifying the standards necessary to achieve interoperability. C1 [Nelson, T. L.; FitzPatrick, G. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nelson, TL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM thomas.nelson@nist.gov; gerald.fitzpatrick@nist.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469603003 ER PT J AU Gharavi, H Hu, B AF Gharavi, Hamid Hu, Bin GP IEEE TI Multigate Mesh Routing for Smart Grid Last Mile Communications SO 2011 IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING CONFERENCE (WCNC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC) CY MAR 28-31, 2011 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP IEEE DE Smart Grid; wireless mesh networks; routing protocols; WLAN; IEEE 802.11s AB One of the most important issues in Smart Grid is to provide consumers with the knowledge of their energy usage, as well as allowing the utility to monitor and control the electric system components with real time status. This would require the design of a network architecture that is capable of providing secure and reliable two-way communication from meters to other Smart Grid domains. While networking technologies and systems have been greatly enhanced, in wireless communication environments the smart grid faces new challenges in terms of reliability. In this paper we are mainly concerned with assessing the performance of wireless mesh networks for the last mile communication. We consider a tree-based mesh routing scheme based on a multigate mesh network architecture. The multigate mesh routing scheme is based on a flexible mesh network architecture that expands on the hybrid tree routing of the IEEE 802.11s. The network is specifically designed to operate in a multi gateway structure in order to meet the smart grid requirements in terms of reliability, self-healing, and throughput performance. To further exploit the multigate network structure, a timer-based multipath routing diversity scheme is proposed in order to enhance the network reliability. The network is then used to measure the performance in terms of throughput and reliability. C1 [Gharavi, Hamid; Hu, Bin] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gharavi, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gharavi@nist.gov; bhu@nist.gov NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-61284-254-7 PY 2011 BP 275 EP 280 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BXU66 UT WOS:000297160200047 ER PT S AU Howe, DA Ashby, N Lirette, D Hati, A Nelson, C AF Howe, D. A. Ashby, N. Lirette, D. Hati, A. Nelson, C. GP IEEE TI Limited Live-time Measurements of Frequency Spectra SO 2011 JOINT CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM/EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Joint Conference of the 65th IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium/25th European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 01-05, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE, IEEE UFFC, EFTF AB Frequency-difference-of-arrival (FDOA) can be used to monitor and track an emitter's location by observing Doppler frequency shifts of the carrier during short pulsed transmissions. This specific application needs to consider two frequency-stability levels: the short tau(on)-average frequency measurements and the sampling time interval between measurements, denoted by tau(s). We show the advantage of using "dynamic" TheoH for tau(on) frequency measurements. Between tau(on) transmissions while powered off, the emitter's reference-oscillator frequency will change due to power-start thermal variations, vibration, stress, and other frequency disturbances. If we regard long-term frequency instability as an uncertainty on an oscillator's expected or designated frequency, then the dominant error of frequency prediction is likely to be the error due to frequency drift and/or random walk FM, indicating the non-stationary behavior or disturbances. A two-sample variance is devised, called "Psi-variance," that has desirable statistical properties similar to hose of the Allan variance. From this, we compute the power spectral density of frequency fluctuations, S-y(f), from which phase noise, L(f), can be derived. C1 [Howe, D. A.; Ashby, N.; Lirette, D.; Hati, A.; Nelson, C.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Howe, DA (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-61284-110-6 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2011 BP 99 EP 102 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BWX38 UT WOS:000295261600023 ER PT S AU Safronova, MS Kolzov, MG Clark, CW AF Safronova, M. S. Kolzov, M. G. Clark, Charles W. GP IEEE TI Precision calculation of blackbody radiation shifts for metrology at the 18(th) decimal place SO 2011 JOINT CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM/EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Joint Conference of the 65th IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium / 25th European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 01-05, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE, IEEE UFFC, EFTF AB We developed a theoretical method with in the framework of relativistic many-body theory to accurately treat correlation corrections in a toms with few valence electrons, and applied it to calculate polarizabilities and the blackbody radiation (BBR) shifts of atomic frequency standards. We have performed the calculations of the BBR shifts in B+, Al+, and In+ that allowed to reduce the ultimate uncertainties due to this effect at room temperature to 10(-18) level for B+ and In+ and to 4x10(-19) for Al+. These uncertainties approach recent estimates of the feasible precision of currently proposed optical atomic clocks. C1 [Safronova, M. S.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Kolzov, M. G.] PNPI, Gatchina, Russia. Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Clark, Charles W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Safronova, MS (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM msafrono@udel.edu; mgk@mf1309.spb.edu; charles.clark@nist.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-61284-110-6 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2011 BP 349 EP 352 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BWX38 UT WOS:000295261600082 ER PT S AU Duong, T Hefner, A Hobart, K Ryu, SH Grider, D Berning, D Ortiz-Rodriguez, JM Imhoff, E Sherbondy, J AF Duong, Tam Hefner, Allen Hobart, Karl Ryu, Sei-Hyung Grider, David Berning, David Ortiz-Rodriguez, Jose M. Imhoff, Eugene Sherbondy, Jerry GP IEEE TI Comparison of 4.5 kV SiC JBS and Si PiN Diodes for 4.5 kV Si IGBT Anti-parallel Diode Applications SO 2011 TWENTY-SIXTH ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION (APEC) SE Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) CY MAR 06-11, 2011 CL Fort Worth, TX SP IEEE, Power Sources Manufacturers Assoc, IEEE Power Elect Soc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc DE Silicon carbide (SiC); medium-voltage; highfrequency; Junction Barrier Schottky (JBS); hybrid halfbridge module; power systems AB A new 60 A, 4.5 kV SiC JBS diode is presented, and its performance is compared to a Si PiN diode used as the anti-parallel diode for 4.5 kV Si IGBTs. The I-V, C-V, reverse recovery, and reverse leakage characteristics of both diode types are measured. The devices are also characterized as the anti-parallel diode for a 4.5 kV Si IGBT using a recently developed high-voltage, double-pulse switching test system. The results indicate that SiC JBS diodes reduce IGBT turn-on switching loses by about a factor of three in practical applications. Furthermore, the peak IGBT current at turn-on is typically reduced by a factor of six, resulting in substantially lower IGBT stress. Circuit simulator models for the 4.5 kV SiC JBS and Si PiN diodes are also developed and compared with measurements. C1 [Duong, Tam; Hefner, Allen; Berning, David; Ortiz-Rodriguez, Jose M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hobart, Karl; Imhoff, Eugene] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ryu, Sei-Hyung; Grider, David] Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. [Sherbondy, Jerry] Powerex Inc, Youngstown, OH 15697 USA. RP Duong, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1048-2334 BN 978-1-4244-8085-2 J9 APPL POWER ELECT CO PY 2011 BP 1057 EP 1063 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BWY61 UT WOS:000295322300157 ER PT S AU Phillips, WD Lin, YJ Compton, RL Jimenez-Garcia, K Perry, AR Porto, JV Spielman, IB AF Phillips, W. D. Lin, Y-J Compton, R. L. Jimenez-Garcia, K. Perry, A. R. Porto, J. V. Spielman, I. B. BE Hannaford, P Bachor, HA Drummond, PD TI Synthetic electric and magnetic fields for ultracold neutral atoms SO 22ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ATOMIC PHYSICS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Conference on Atomic Physics CY JUL 25-30, 2010 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Natl Univ, Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Quantum-Atom Opt, Griffith Univ, Ian Potter Fdn, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Swinburne Univ Technol, Coherent, Inc, Coherent Sci, Inst Phys Publish, Lestek, NewSpec, Nufern, Oxford Univ Press, Spectra Phys, Springer, Toptica Photon, Warsash Sci AB We use Raman coupling between magnetic sublevels of a Rb-87 Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) to create an effective vector gauge field for the neutral atoms. They behave as if they were charged particles in a magnetic vector potential. With appropriate spatial gradients and time derivatives of this vector potential we produce synthetic magnetic and electric fields for the atoms. This paper is a brief summary of the presentation made by the first author at ICAP 2010 in Cairns, Australia. It is not intended as a complete report on the research described, nor does it attempt to be a fully referenced documentation of that research and the relevant literature. We do, however, provide references to the published work where a more complete description and more complete references to related literature may be found. C1 [Phillips, W. D.; Lin, Y-J; Compton, R. L.; Jimenez-Garcia, K.; Perry, A. R.; Porto, J. V.; Spielman, I. B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Phillips, WD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ian.spielman@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 264 AR 012002 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/264/1/012002 PG 3 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BVL54 UT WOS:000291823100002 ER PT S AU Regal, CA Lehnert, KW AF Regal, C. A. Lehnert, K. W. BE Hannaford, P Bachor, HA Drummond, PD TI From cavity electromechanics to cavity optomechanics SO 22ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ATOMIC PHYSICS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Conference on Atomic Physics CY JUL 25-30, 2010 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Natl Univ, Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Quantum-Atom Opt, Griffith Univ, Ian Potter Fdn, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Swinburne Univ Technol, Coherent, Inc, Coherent Sci, Inst Phys Publish, Lestek, NewSpec, Nufern, Oxford Univ Press, Spectra Phys, Springer, Toptica Photon, Warsash Sci ID RESOLVED-SIDE-BAND; NANOMECHANICAL MOTION; RESONATOR; LIMIT AB We present an overview of experimental work to embed high-Q mesoscopic mechanical oscillators in microwave and optical cavities. Based upon recent progress, the prospect for a broad field of "cavity quantum mechanics" is very real. These systems introduce mesoscopic mechanical oscillators as a new quantum resource and also inherently couple their motion to photons throughout the electromagnetic spectrum. C1 [Regal, C. A.; Lehnert, K. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Regal, C. A.; Lehnert, K. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Regal, CA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM regal@colorado.edu RI Lehnert, Konrad/B-7577-2009 OI Lehnert, Konrad/0000-0002-0750-9649 FU Clare Boothe Luce Foundation; DARPA-QUASAR; NIST; NSF FX We thank J. D. Teufel, R. W. Simmonds, T. Donner, H. J. Kimble, S. B. Papp, D. J. Wilson, A. A. Clerk, and J. Gambetta for helpful discussions. We acknowledge support from the Clare Boothe Luce Foundation, DARPA-QUASAR, NSF, and NIST. NR 41 TC 102 Z9 103 U1 2 U2 19 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 264 AR 012025 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/264/1/012025 PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BVL54 UT WOS:000291823100025 ER PT B AU Dabrowski, C Hunt, F AF Dabrowski, Christopher Hunt, Fern BE Bruzzone, AG Piera, MA Longo, F Elfrey, P Affenzeller, M Balci, O TI USING MARKOV CHAIN AND GRAPH THEORY CONCEPTS TO ANALYZE BEHAVIOR IN COMPLEX DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS SO 23RD EUROPEAN MODELING & SIMULATION SYMPOSIUM, EMSS 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd European Modeling and Simulation Symposium / International Mediterranean and Latin American Modeling Multiconference CY SEP 12-14, 2011 CL Rome, ITALY SP Univ Genoa, DIPTEM, Liophant Simulat, Simulat Team, Int Mediterranean & Latin Amer Counc Simulat, Univ Calabria, Mech Dept, Model & simulat Ctr, Lab Enterprise Solut, Model & Simulat Ctr Excellence, Riga Tech Univ, Miss Latvian Ctr, Logism, Lab Sci Informat & Syst, Univ Perugia, LAMCE COPPE UFRJ, Brasilian Ctr, McLeod Inst Simulat Sci, McLeod Model & Simulat Network, Latvin Simulat Soc, Ecole Superieure Ingn Soc Appliquees, FAC CIENCIAS EXACTAS, Ingn & Agrimensura, Univ Laguna, CIFASIS CONICET UNR UPCAM, Inst Syst & Technol Informat Control & Commun, PRESAGIS DE time-inhomogeneous Discrete Time Markov chain; distributed system; minimal s-t cut set ID PERTURBATION ANALYSIS; GENERATION; TIME AB We describe how a Discrete Time Markov chain simulation and graph theory concepts can be used together to efficiently analyze behavior of complex distributed systems. Specifically, the paper shows how minimal s-t cut set analysis can be used to identify state transitions in a directed graph of a time-inhomogeneous Markov chain, which when suitably perturbed, lead to performance degradations in the system being modeled. These state transitions can be then be related to failure scenarios in which system performance declines catastrophically in the target system being modeled. Using a large-scale simulation of the grid system, we provide examples of the use of this approach to identify failure scenarios. Preliminary experiments are reported that show this approach can be applied to problems of significant size. The approach described here combines techniques whose use together to analyze dynamic system behavior has not previously been reported. C1 [Dabrowski, Christopher; Hunt, Fern] US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dabrowski, C (reprint author), US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cdabrowski@nist.gov; fhunt@nist.gov NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DIPTEM UNIV GENOA PI GENOA PA VIA OPERA OUA 15, GENOA, 16145, ITALY BN 978-88-903724-4-5 PY 2011 BP 659 EP 668 PG 10 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BE0YE UT WOS:000367406100096 ER PT S AU Domanski, PA Yashar, DA Lee, S Wojtusiak, J AF Domanski, P. A. Yashar, D. A. Lee, S. Wojtusiak, J. GP INT INST REFRIGERAT TI PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF APPLYING EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHMS FOR OPTIMIZING REFRIGERANT CIRCUITRY IN HEAT EXCHANGERS SO 23RD IIR INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF REFRIGERATION SE Congres International du Froid-International Congress of Refrigeration LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International-Institute-of-Refrigeration(IIR) International Congress of Refrigeration CY AUG 20-26, 2011 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Int Inst Refrigerat, DAIKIN, European Partnership Energy & Environm, Ingersoll Rand, Johnson Controls, Sofrigam, STAR Refrigerat, Honeywell, Ebmpapst, Emerson Climate Technol, LU VE, Carrier, Eurovent Certificat, Solvay Fluor, Danfoss, Prihoda, Bock Compressors, Cemafroid, Alfa Laval, GEA, EuroEnergy, Shecco ID TUBE AB A public domain finned-tube heat exchanger simulation program, EVAP-COND ver. 3.0, has been equipped with an evolutionary algorithm-based module, called ISHED - Intelligent System for Heat Exchanger Design, which facilitates optimization of refrigerant circuitry. Previous studies demonstrated that the best circuitry designs developed by the evolutionary methods in ISHED yielded capacity improvements over the original manufacturers' designs. Since evolutionary methods inherently involve the element of randomness, they do not guarantee achieving the optimum outcome within a given optimization run. This paper presents optimization experiments with ISHED and provides recommendations for selecting optional run parameters to expedite convergence to the optimal circuitry designs. This paper also presents the implementation of a design constraint which forces all tube connections on one side of the heat exchanger to be short return bends between two neighboring tubes; i.e., each connected pair of tubes resembles a large "hairpin", and evaluates this design constraint's influence on the optimization process. C1 [Domanski, P. A.; Yashar, D. A.; Lee, S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Domanski, PA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM piotr.domanski@nist.gov; david.yashar@nist.gov; sunil.lee@nist.gov; jwojtusi@mli.gmu.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT INST REFRIGERATION PI PARIS PA 177 BLVD MALESHERBES, F-75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1025-9031 BN 978-2-913149-88-5 J9 CONGRES INT FROID PY 2011 VL 23 BP 2664 EP 2671 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BCK65 UT WOS:000310485801082 ER PT S AU Kedzierski, MA AF Kedzierski, M. A. GP INT INST REFRIGERAT TI VISCOSITY AND DENSITY OF ALUMINUM OXIDE NANOLUBRICANT SO 23RD IIR INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF REFRIGERATION SE Congres International du Froid-International Congress of Refrigeration LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International-Institute-of-Refrigeration(IIR) International Congress of Refrigeration CY AUG 20-26, 2011 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Int Inst Refrigerat, DAIKIN, European Partnership Energy & Environm, Ingersoll Rand, Johnson Controls, Sofrigam, STAR Refrigerat, Honeywell, Ebmpapst, Emerson Climate Technol, LU VE, Carrier, Eurovent Certificat, Solvay Fluor, Danfoss, Prihoda, Bock Compressors, Cemafroid, Alfa Laval, GEA, EuroEnergy, Shecco ID SIZE AB This paper presents liquid kinematic viscosity and density measurements of a synthetic polyolester-based aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticle dispersion (nanolubricant) at atmospheric pressure over the temperature range 288 K to 318 K. The polyolester was a commercially available chiller lubricant. Two Al2O3 particles diameters were investigated: approximately 60 nm and 10 nm. A good dispersion of the spherical nanoparticles in the lubricant was maintained with a surfactant. Viscosity and density measurements were made for the neat lubricant along with twelve nanolubricants with differing nanoparticle and surfactant mass fractions. The viscosity and the density were shown to increase with respect to increasing nanoparticle mass fraction. The viscosity increased or decreased with surfactant mass fraction depending on the temperature. Correlations of the viscosity and the density are presented as a function of temperature, and nanoparticle and surfactant concentration. The viscosity was also correlated with respect to nanoparticle diameter. The measurements are important for the design of nanolubricants for heat transfer and flow applications. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kedzierski, MA (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 861, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Mark.Kedzierski@nist.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST REFRIGERATION PI PARIS PA 177 BLVD MALESHERBES, F-75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1025-9031 BN 978-2-913149-88-5 J9 CONGRES INT FROID PY 2011 VL 23 BP 3144 EP 3151 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BCK65 UT WOS:000310485801143 ER PT J AU Davis, W AF Davis, Wendy GP CIE TI RECENT DEVELOPMENTS OF THE COLOR RENDERING INDEX SO 27TH SESSION OF THE CIE, VOL. 1, PTS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Session of the International-Commission-on-Illumination (CIE) CY JUL 10-15, 2011 CL SOUTH AFRICA SP Int Commiss Illuminat DE Colour Rendering; Colour Rendering Index (CRI); Colour Rendition AB The problems and limitations of the colour rendering index (CRI) are particularly troublesome for emerging lighting technologies. Work is underway within the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) to recommend a new procedure for assessing the colour rendition of light sources for general illumination. Nine competing proposals are currently under consideration by the technical committee responsible for this task. Finding consensus amongst all interested parties has been difficult. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Davis, W (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wendy.davis@nist.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C I E CENTRAL BUREAU PI VIENNA PA KEGELGASSE 27, A-1030 VIENNA, AUSTRIA BN 978-3-901906-99-2 PY 2011 BP 24 EP 25 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJN66 UT WOS:000329312800004 ER PT J AU Ohno, Y AF Ohno, Yoshi GP CIE TI MEASUREMENT OF BANDPASS FOR ARRAY SPECTRORADIOMETERS SO 27TH SESSION OF THE CIE, VOL. 1, PTS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Session of the International-Commission-on-Illumination (CIE) CY JUL 10-15, 2011 CL SOUTH AFRICA SP Int Commiss Illuminat DE bandpass; bandwidth; bandpass correction; spectrometer; spectroradiometer AB A practical method for measuring the bandpass function of an array spectrometer, not requiring a tunable laser, has been developed. A model of bandpass function based on two Gaussian functions is used, which can simulate asymmetric bandpass functions of varied bandwidth and sharpness of the peak. The approach using the model allows determination of the bandpass function by measuring a fixed line spectrum and from the pixel outputs that are not dense enough for interpolation approach. The obtained bandpass data may be used for wavelength scale calibration as well as for bandpass correction. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ohno, Y (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ohno@nist.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C I E CENTRAL BUREAU PI VIENNA PA KEGELGASSE 27, A-1030 VIENNA, AUSTRIA BN 978-3-901906-99-2 PY 2011 BP 78 EP 81 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJN66 UT WOS:000329312800012 ER PT S AU Kramida, A AF Kramida, Alexander BE Bernotas, A Karazija, R Rudzikas, Z TI Recent Developments in the NIST Atomic Databases SO 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR DATA AND THEIR APPLICATIONS ICAMDATA-2010 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Atomic and Molecular Data and Their Applications - ICAMDATA-2010 CY SEP 21-24, 2010 CL Vilnius, LITHUANIA SP Lithuanian Acad Sci, Vilnius Univ, Res Council Lithuania, IOP Publishing, Intel, Vilnius Univ, Inst Theoret Phys & Astron DE Atomic databases; Atomic data; Energy levels; Spectral lines; Transition probabilities; Data compilations ID TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; ENERGY-LEVELS; CRITICAL COMPILATION; ELECTRON-IMPACT; FE-I; WAVELENGTHS; SPECTRA; SODIUM; LIFETIMES; NA AB New versions of the NIST Atomic Spectra Database (ASD, v. 4.0) and three bibliographic databases (Atomic Energy Levels and Spectra, v. 2.0, Atomic Transition Probabilities, v. 9.0, and Atomic Line Broadening and Shapes, v. 3.0) have recently been released. In this contribution I will describe the main changes in the way users get the data through the Web. The contents of ASD have been significantly extended. In particular, the data on highly ionized tungsten (W III-LXXIV) have been added from a recently published NIST compilation. The tables for Fe I and Fe II have been replaced with newer, much more extensive lists (10000 lines for Fe I). The other updated or new spectra include H, D, T, He I-II, Li-III, Be I-IV, B I-V, C I-II, N I-II, O I-II, Na I-X, K I-XIX, and Hg I. The new version of ASD now incorporates data on isotopes of several elements. I will describe some of the issues the NIST ASD Team faces when updating the data. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kramida, A (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM alexander.kramida@nist.gov OI Kramida, Alexander/0000-0002-0788-8087 NR 53 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0900-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1344 BP 81 EP 95 DI 10.1063/1.3585808 PG 15 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BVL90 UT WOS:000291847500007 ER PT S AU Lister, G Curry, JJ AF Lister, Graeme Curry, John J. BE Bernotas, A Karazija, R Rudzikas, Z TI Cold Light from Hot Atoms and Molecules SO 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR DATA AND THEIR APPLICATIONS ICAMDATA-2010 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Atomic and Molecular Data and Their Applications - ICAMDATA-2010 CY SEP 21-24, 2010 CL Vilnius, LITHUANIA SP Lithuanian Acad Sci, Vilnius Univ, Res Council Lithuania, IOP Publishing, Intel, Vilnius Univ, Inst Theoret Phys & Astron DE Discharge lamps; Light sources; Radiation; Rare earth atoms ID PRESSURE DISCHARGE LAMPS; METAL-POOR STARS; R-PROCESS-RICH; SUN AB The introduction of rare earth atoms and molecules into lighting discharges led to great advances in efficacy of these lamps. Atoms such as Dy, Ho and Ce provide excellent radiation sources for lighting applications, with rich visible spectra, such that a suitable combination of these elements can provide high quality white light. Rare earth molecules have also proved important in enhancing the radiation spectrum from phosphors in fluorescent lamps. This paper reviews some of the current aspects of lighting research, particularly rare earth chemistry and radiation, and the associated fundamental atomic and molecular data. C1 [Lister, Graeme] OSRAM SYLVANIA, CRSL, 71 Cherry Hill Drive, Beverly, MA 01915 USA. [Curry, John J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Lister, G (reprint author), OSRAM SYLVANIA, CRSL, 71 Cherry Hill Drive, Beverly, MA 01915 USA. EM graeme.lister@sylvania.com NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0900-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1344 BP 219 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3585821 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BVL90 UT WOS:000291847500020 ER PT B AU Liu, Z Howard-Reed, C Cox, SS Little, JC AF Liu, Z. Howard-Reed, C. Cox, S. S. Little, J. C. BE Zhang, X Li, Z Gao, N Zhou, X TI DIFFUSION-CONTROLLED REFERENCE MATERIAL FOR VOC EMISSIONS TESTING SO 7TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HEATING, VENTILATING AND AIR CONDITIONING, PROCEEDINGS OF ISHVAC 2011, VOLS I-IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7TH International Symposium on Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning, ISHVAC 2011 CY NOV 06-09, 2011 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP TONGJI UNIV, Tsinghua Univ, Univ Hong Kong DE Reference material; VOCs; Emissions testing; Emission model; Inter-laboratory study AB To improve the reliability and accuracy of tests used to measure emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from samples of interior building products, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and Virginia Tech (VT) have created a program to develop reference materials for volatile organic compounds emissions testing. A diffusion-controlled reference material and associated mechanistic model for predicting the emission profiles under various testing conditions have been developed. The feasibility of the reference material has been extensively evaluated and its capability in assessing emission testing performance has been demonstrated in a series of inter -laboratories studies. Reference materials have the potential to build consensus and confidence in emissions testing as well as to "level the playing field" for product testing laboratories and manufacturers. C1 [Liu, Z.; Cox, S. S.; Little, J. C.] Virginia Tech, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. [Howard-Reed, C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Little, JC (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TONGJI UNIV PRESS PI SHANGHAI PA EDITORIAL BOARD 1239 SIPING RD, SHANGHAI, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-962-85138-0-2 PY 2011 BP 441 EP 446 PG 6 WC Construction & Building Technology SC Construction & Building Technology GA BH0EE UT WOS:000394721200071 ER PT J AU Krylyuk, S Davydov, AV Levin, I AF Krylyuk, Sergiy Davydov, Albert V. Levin, Igor TI Tapering Control of Si Nanowires Grown from SiCl4 at Reduced Pressure SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE silicon nanowires; tapering; vertical alignment ID CATALYZED SILICON NANOWIRES; HYDROGEN-CHLORINE SYSTEM; SURFACE MIGRATION; CVD SILICON; VLS GROWTH; ARRAYS; CL; NANOTWEEZERS; ADSORPTION; NUCLEATION AB Device applications of tapered Si nanoWire (SiNW) arrays require reliable technological approaches for fabricatiing nanowires with controlled shape and orientation. In this study, we systematically explore effects of growth conditions on tapering of Si nanowires grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at reduced pressure from Sicl(4) precursor. Tapering of SiNWs is governed by the interplay between the catalyzed vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) and uncatalyzed vapor-solid (VS) growth mechanisms. We found that the uncatalyzed vapor liquid solid (VLS) and uncatalyzed vapor solid (VS) growth Mechanisms. We found that the uncatalyzed Si deposition on NW sidewalls, defined. by a radial growth rate, can be enhanced by lowering SiCl4/H-2 molar ratio, applying higher gas flow rate, or reducing growth pressure. Distinct dependences of the axial and radial growth rates on the process conditions were employed to produce SiNWs with a tapering degree (i.e., a ratio of the radial/axial growth rates) varying by almost 2 orders of magnitude. The results are explained by an interplay between the thermodynamic and kinetic effects on the axial (VLS) and radial (VS) growth rates. Established correlation between the SiCl4/H-2 molar ratio and vertical alignment of nanowires was used to develop a two-stage growth procedure for producing tapered SiNW arrays with predominantly vertical orientation. C1 [Krylyuk, Sergiy; Davydov, Albert V.] NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Levin, Igor] NIST, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Davydov, AV (reprint author), NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM albert.davydov@nist.gov RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311 NR 43 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 4 U2 50 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JAN PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 656 EP 664 DI 10.1021/nn102556s PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 710CA UT WOS:000286487300084 PM 21158417 ER PT J AU Zabotin, NA Godin, OA AF Zabotin, Nikolay A. Godin, Oleg A. TI Emergence of Acoustic Green's Functions from Time Averages of Ambient Noise SO ACTA ACUSTICA UNITED WITH ACUSTICA LA English DT Article ID CROSS-CORRELATION FUNCTION; DIFFUSE FIELD; FLUCTUATIONS; RETRIEVAL; SYSTEMS; OCEAN; ARRAY AB The emergence of deterministic Green's functions from cross-correlation of ambient noise is the physical basis for a number of passive remote sensing techniques. The data-accumulation time necessary for the Green's function emergence is of critical significance for the feasibility and implementation of the passive techniques. This paper re-examines calculation of the necessary data-accumulation times. Previously published estimates are extended to more general ambient noise fields and source-receiver geometries. The emergence time calculation is performed for arbitrary anisotropy of the noise field generated by random acoustic noise sources located on a surface or on a curve. The results apply to a general case of an inhomogeneous, moving or motionless medium with time-independent parameters. It is shown that in certain situations the emergence time estimates are influenced by the geometry (dimensionality) of the noise sources' layout, and not necessarily by the dimensionality of the propagation medium. A simpler technique using basic statistical principles is suggested for calculating the emergence time under rather general assumptions. C1 [Zabotin, Nikolay A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zabotin, Nikolay A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Ctr Environm Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Godin, Oleg A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Godin, Oleg A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, DSRC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Zabotin, NA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, 425 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Nikolay.Zabotin@Colorado.edu; Oleg.Godin@noaa.gov RI Godin, Oleg/E-6554-2011; Zabotin, Nikolay/A-9639-2015 OI Godin, Oleg/0000-0003-4599-2149; Zabotin, Nikolay/0000-0003-0715-1082 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-08-1-0100] FX The authors appreciate the support provided by the Office of Naval Research for this work through grant number N00014-08-1-0100. Helpful comments and suggestions of anonymous referees are gratefully acknowledged. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU S HIRZEL VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA POSTFACH 10 10 61, D-70 009 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 1610-1928 J9 ACTA ACUST UNITED AC JI Acta Acust. United Acust. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 97 IS 1 BP 44 EP 53 DI 10.3813/AAA.918385 PG 10 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA 705FG UT WOS:000286113700006 ER PT S AU Lin, L Qu, C Kasica, R Fang, Q Miller, RE Pierce, E McCarty, E Fan, JH Edwards, DD Wynick, G Wang, XW AF Lin, L. Qu, C. Kasica, R. Fang, Q. Miller, R. E. Pierce, E. McCarty, E. Fan, J. H. Edwards, D. D. Wynick, G. Wang, X. W. BE Zhu, D Lin, HT Zhou, Y Widjaja, S Singh, D TI MULTILAYER COATINGS FOR ANTI-CORROSION APPLICATIONS SO ADVANCED CERAMIC COATINGS AND MATERIALS FOR EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 23-28, 2011 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc, Engn Ceram Div, Amer Ceram Soc, Nucl & Environm Technol Div, Amer Ceram Soc ID NITRIDE THIN-FILMS; OXIDE AB Due to low mass densities, magnesium alloy materials are utilized to reduce vehicular weights. However, when a magnesium alloy part is fastened with a carbon steel bolt, galvanic corrosion will occur. To stop or slow down galvanic current flow, an isolation material may be inserted between the magnesium alloy part and the steel bolt. In a previous study, an aluminum oxide thin film (100 - 300 nm) or a silicon nitride thin film (20 - 850 nm) was coated on a steel substrate as a barrier layer. In this study, besides the single layer coatings, double layer and triple layer coatings are fabricated with various combinations of the silicon nitride thin film and oxide films. After a multilayer coating is applied onto a 1050 carbon steel disc, the galvanic current between the coated steel disc and AM60B magnesium alloy is obtained. Using the lowest current value as the criterion, a candidate multilayer stacking design is then selected for the coating on the carbon steel bolts. The coated bolts are subsequently evaluated by a salt spray testing method. So far, the best layer stacking has three layers in the following sequence: silicon nitride base layer, aluminum oxide and UV curable oxide topcoat. C1 [Lin, L.; Qu, C.; Miller, R. E.; Pierce, E.; Fan, J. H.; Edwards, D. D.; Wynick, G.; Wang, X. W.] Alfred Univ, Sch Engn, Alfred, NY 14802 USA. [Kasica, R.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fang, Q.] Oxford Instruments Plasma Technol, Bristol BS49 4AP, Avon, England. [McCarty, E.] Mat Technol Consulting LLC, Clarkston, MI 48346 USA. RP Wang, XW (reprint author), Alfred Univ, Sch Engn, Alfred, NY 14802 USA. EM fwangx@alfred.edu FU USCAR-USAMP FX Guidance from USCar-USAMP member companies is greatly appreciated. In particular, suggestions and comments from Mr. Jim Quinn, Mr. Dick Osborne and Dr. Yar-ming Wang are very helpful. Additional help from Ms. Martha Sanford-Curtin, Ms. Zheng-Ying Wang and Mr. Muqiong Liu is also greatly appreciated. The partial financial support from USCAR-USAMP is acknowledged. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-1-118-17258-2; 978-1-118-05988-3 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2011 VL 32 BP 59 EP 70 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BFK95 UT WOS:000320328500007 ER PT S AU Ma, LJ Bienfang, JC Slattery, O Tang, X AF Ma, Lijun Bienfang, Joshua C. Slattery, Oliver Tang, Xiao BE Itzler, MA Campbell, JC TI Frequency up-conversion single photon detectors for quantum communication systems SO ADVANCED PHOTON COUNTING TECHNIQUES V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Photon Counting Techniques V CY APR 27-29, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Single photon detector; Frequency up-conversion; Optical sampling ID KEY DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEM; WAVE-GUIDE; WAVELENGTH; GENERATION; RESOLUTION; GHZ AB Frequency up-conversion technology can be used to increase detection efficiency for near infrared photons, as has been demonstrated in fiber-based quantum communication systems. In a continuous wave pumped up-conversion detector, the temporal resolution is limited by the timing jitter of the detector in the visible range, which limits the maximum clock rate of a quantum communication system. In this paper we describe a scheme to improve the temporal resolution of an up-conversion single-photon detector using multi-wavelength optical-sampling techniques, allowing for increased transmission rates in single-photon communications systems. We experimentally demonstrate our approach with an up-conversion detector using two spectrally and temporally distinct pump pulses, and show that it allows for high-fidelity single-photon detection at twice the rate supported by a conventional single-pump up-conversion detector. C1 [Ma, Lijun; Slattery, Oliver] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ma, LJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM xiao.tang@nist.gov RI Bienfang, Joshua/A-7285-2010; Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-607-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8033 AR 803306 DI 10.1117/12.883213 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BWL86 UT WOS:000294206400004 ER PT S AU Restelli, A Bienfang, JC Migdall, AL AF Restelli, Alessandro Bienfang, Joshua C. Migdall, Alan L. BE Itzler, MA Campbell, JC TI A technique to measure afterpulse probabilities in InGaAs SPADs at nanosecond time scales with sub-picoCoulomb avalanche charge SO ADVANCED PHOTON COUNTING TECHNIQUES V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Photon Counting Techniques V CY APR 27-29, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Single photon detector; avalanche diode; infrared; afterpulsing ID SINGLE-PHOTON DETECTION; TELECOM WAVELENGTHS; 1550 NM; PHOTODIODES; DETECTOR; DISCRIMINATION AB We adapt a previously-demonstrated gating technique for InGaAs SPADs to enable double-bias-pulse measurements of afterpulsing at nanosecond time scales with gate durations down to 500 ps. We present preliminary results for afterpulse probabilities below 10 ns, time scales comparable to those in the self-differencing technique, and show that afterpulse probabilities low enough to support reliable counting above 100 MHz can be observed. C1 [Restelli, Alessandro] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Restelli, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM alessandro.restelli@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Bienfang, Joshua/A-7285-2010; Restelli, Alessandro/A-4897-2009 OI Restelli, Alessandro/0000-0002-1289-3171 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-607-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8033 AR 80330I DI 10.1117/12.884529 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BWL86 UT WOS:000294206400012 ER PT J AU Wu, CQ Zhou, TJ Sun, DZ Bao, Q AF Wu Chunqiang Zhou Tianjun Sun De-Zheng Bao Qing TI Water Vapor and Cloud Radiative Forcings over the Pacific Ocean Simulated by the LASG/IAP AGCM: Sensitivity to Convection Schemes SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE SAMIL; convection scheme; cloud radiative forcing; greenhouse effect ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; CLIMATE SYSTEM MODEL; CUMULUS PARAMETERIZATION; ATMOSPHERE FEEDBACKS; DYNAMICAL FEEDBACKS; COLD-TONGUE; VARIABILITY; PERFORMANCE; SATELLITE; MONSOON AB Characteristics of the total clear-sky greenhouse effect (GA) and cloud radiative forcings (CRFs), along with the radiative-related water vapor and cloud properties simulated by the Spectral Atmospheric Model developed by LASG/IAP (SAMIL) are evaluated. Impacts of the convection scheme on the simulation of CRFs are discussed by using two AMIP (Atmospheric Model Inter-comparison Project) type simulations employing different convection schemes: the new Zhang-McFarlane (NZH) and Tiedtke (TDK) convection schemes. It shows that both the climatological GA and its response to El Nino warming are simulated well, both in terms of spatial pattern and magnitude. The impact of the convection scheme on GA is not significant. The climatological longwave ORE (LWCRF) and its response to El Nino warming are simulated well, but with a prominently weaker magnitude. The simulation of the climatology (response) of LWCRF in the NZH (TDK) run is slightly more realistic than in the TDK (NZH) simulation, indicating significant impacts of the convection scheme. The shortwave CRF (SWCRF) shows large biases in both spatial pattern and magnitude, and the results from the TDK run are better than those from the NZH run. A spuriously excessive negative climatological SWCRF over the southeastern Pacific and an insufficient response of SWCRF to El Nino warming over the tropical Pacific are seen in the NZH run. These two biases are alleviated in the TDK run, since it produces vigorous convection, which is related to the low threshold for convection to take place. Also, impacts of the convection scheme on the cloud profile are discussed. C1 [Wu Chunqiang; Zhou Tianjun; Bao Qing] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Numer Modeling Atmospher Sci & Geop, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Wu Chunqiang] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Satellite Meteorol Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Sun De-Zheng] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Environm Studies, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sun De-Zheng] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Zhou, TJ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Numer Modeling Atmospher Sci & Geop, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM zhoutj@lasg.iap.ac.cn RI Bao, Qing/A-7765-2012; AAS, AAS/C-2949-2014; ZHOU, Tianjun/C-3195-2012 OI ZHOU, Tianjun/0000-0002-5829-7279 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [40890054, 40821092]; National Basic Research Program of China [2010CB951904]; National Key Technologies RD Program [2007BAC29B03] FX This work was supported jointly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40890054 and 40821092), the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2010CB951904), and National Key Technologies R&D Program (Grant; No. 2007BAC29B03). NR 82 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 12 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 EI 1861-9533 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 28 IS 1 BP 80 EP 98 DI 10.1007/s00376-010-9205-1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 694DH UT WOS:000285274700007 ER PT J AU Gavrilov, MB Jovanovic, GR Janjic, Z AF Gavrilov, M. B. Jovanovic, G. R. Janjic, Z. TI Sensitivity of a long-range numerical weather forecast model to small changes of model parameters SO ADVANCES IN SCIENCE AND RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th EMS Annual Meeting / 8th European Conference on Applied Climatology (ECAC) CY SEP 13-17, 2010 CL Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP European Meteorol Soc ID ATMOSPHERIC PREDICTABILITY; FLOW; CONVECTION; COORDINATE; SCHEMES; ENERGY; MOTION AB Sensitivity of extended-range numerical weather forecasts to small changes of model parameters is studied for two cases. In the first case the Earth radius was perturbed. In the other case changes of the gravity were introduced. The results for the 500 hPa geopotential fields are presented on hemispheric maps and intercompared visually and using RMS differences of the perturbed and reference forecasts. During about the first 10 days of integration the results indicate modest sensitivity of the forecasts to the parameter variation. After this period the forecasts diverge rapidly and start to differ significantly. Repeated integrations on the same computer using the same model setup and the same initial conditions yield identical results. C1 [Gavrilov, M. B.] Univ Novi Sad, Fac Sci, Chair Phys Geog, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia. [Jovanovic, G. R.] Hydrometeorol Serv Serbia, Belgrade 11000, Serbia. [Janjic, Z.] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Washington, DC USA. RP Gavrilov, MB (reprint author), Univ Novi Sad, Fac Sci, Chair Phys Geog, Trg D Obradovica 3, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia. EM gavrilov@eunet.rs NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1992-0628 EI 1992-0636 J9 ADV SCI RES JI Adv. Sci. Res. PY 2011 VL 6 BP 13 EP 18 DI 10.5194/asr-6-13-2011 PG 6 GA CD2FL UT WOS:000350890000003 ER PT J AU He, MX Hogue, TS Franz, KJ Margulis, SA Vrugt, JA AF He, Minxue Hogue, Terri S. Franz, Kristie J. Margulis, Steven A. Vrugt, Jasper A. TI Characterizing parameter sensitivity and uncertainty for a snow model across hydroclimatic regimes SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE National Weather Service; SNOW17; Snowmelt; Uncertainty; Generalized Sensitivity Analysis; Differential Evolution Adaptive Metropolis ID NATIONAL-WEATHER-SERVICE; TELEMETRY SNOTEL DATA; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; COLORADO RIVER-BASIN; HYDROLOGIC MODEL; ENVIRONMENTAL-MODELS; AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION; METROPOLIS ALGORITHM; WATER EQUIVALENT; UNITED-STATES AB The National Weather Service (NWS) uses the SNOW17 model to forecast snow accumulation and ablation processes in snow-dominated watersheds nationwide. Successful application of the SNOW17 relies heavily on site-specific estimation of model parameters. The current study undertakes a comprehensive sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of SNOW17 model parameters using forcing and snow water equivalent (SWE) data from 12 sites with differing meteorological and geographic characteristics. The Generalized Sensitivity Analysis and the recently developed Differential Evolution Adaptive Metropolis (DREAM) algorithm are utilized to explore the parameter space and assess model parametric and predictive uncertainty. Results indicate that SNOW17 parameter sensitivity and uncertainty generally varies between sites. Of the six hydroclimatic characteristics studied, only air temperature shows strong correlation with the sensitivity and uncertainty ranges of two parameters, while precipitation is highly correlated with the uncertainty of one parameter. Posterior marginal distributions of two parameters are also shown to be site-dependent in terms of distribution type. The SNOW17 prediction ensembles generated by the DREAM-derived posterior parameter sets contain most of the observed SWE. The proposed uncertainty analysis provides posterior parameter information on parameter uncertainty and distribution types that can serve as a foundation for a data assimilation framework for hydrologic models. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [He, Minxue; Hogue, Terri S.; Margulis, Steven A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Franz, Kristie J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Geol & Atmospher Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Vrugt, Jasper A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Vrugt, Jasper A.] Univ Amsterdam, Inst Biodivers & Ecosyst Dynam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Vrugt, Jasper A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA USA. [He, Minxue] Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. [He, Minxue] Riverside Technol Inc, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Hogue, TS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 5731F Boelter Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM thogue@seas.ucla.edu RI Franz, Kristie/B-1554-2012; Vrugt, Jasper/C-3660-2008 OI Franz, Kristie/0000-0002-3700-6321; FU National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Weather Service [NA07NWS4620013]; UCLA; Los Alamos National Laboratory FX The authors thank Dr. Pedro Restrepo, Dr. Dong-Jun Seo, and Dr. Yuqiong Liu for their suggestions and advice on the development of this work. This work is partially supported by a grant from the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Weather Service (NA07NWS4620013) and by a UCLA Graduate Division Fellowship. The work of the last author is supported by a J. Robert Oppenheimer Fellowship from the Los Alamos National Laboratory Postdoctoral Program. NR 69 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 34 IS 1 BP 114 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2010.10.002 PG 14 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 742GT UT WOS:000288930000009 ER PT B AU Maruyama, N Fuller-Rowell, TJ Codrescu, MV Anderson, D Richmond, AD Maute, A Sazykin, S Toffoletto, FR Spiro, RW Wolf, RA Millward, GH AF Maruyama, Naomi Fuller-Rowell, Timothy J. Codrescu, Mihail V. Anderson, David Richmond, Arthur D. Maute, Astrid Sazykin, Stanislav Toffoletto, Frank R. Spiro, Robert W. Wolf, Richard A. Millward, George H. BE Abdu, MA Pancheva, D Bhattacharyya, A TI Modeling the Storm Time Electrodynamics SO AERONOMY OF THE EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE AND IONOSPHERE SE IAGA Special Sopron Book Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID IONOSPHERE-THERMOSPHERE MODEL; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ZONAL ELECTRIC-FIELDS; CENTRAL PLASMA SHEET; LOW LATITUDES; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; DISTURBANCE DYNAMO; CONVECTION; PENETRATION; SIMULATION AB A model that electrodynamically couples inner magnetosphere, ionosphere, plasmasphere, thermosphere, and electrodynamics has been developed and is used to separate sources of the storm time electric fields between the magnetospheric, ionospheric, and themiospheric processes and to investigate their nonlinear interactions. The two sources of the electric-field disturbances, prompt penetration (PP) and disturbance dynamo (DD), have been identified in the coupled model results. Furthermore, the results suggest that the sources of variability in storm time electric fields are associated with the nonlinear interaction between the PP and DD, such that the response depends on the preconditioning of the coupled system. The preconditioning in this study is caused by the fact that the magnetosphere, ionosphere, and thermosphere respond to external forcing as a coupled system. The results clearly demonstrate the need for a fully coupled model of magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere, in order to determine the preconditioning effect. C1 [Maruyama, Naomi] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Maruyama, Naomi; Fuller-Rowell, Timothy J.; Codrescu, Mihail V.; Anderson, David] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Richmond, Arthur D.; Maute, Astrid] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Millward, George H.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sazykin, Stanislav; Toffoletto, Frank R.; Spiro, Robert W.; Wolf, Richard A.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX USA. RP Maruyama, N (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Naomi.maruyama@noaa.gov; tim.fuller-rowell@noaa.gov; David.Anderson@noaa.gov; Richmond@ucar.edu; maute@ucar.edu; sazykin@rice.edu; toffo@rice.edu; spiro@rice.edu; rawolf@rice.edu; George.Millward@noaa.gov NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-94-007-0325-4 J9 IAGA SPEC SOPRON PY 2011 VL 2 BP 455 EP 464 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-0326-1_35 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-0326-1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BUW26 UT WOS:000290497500035 ER PT J AU Kulkarni, G Pekour, M Afchine, A Murphy, DM Cziczo, DJ AF Kulkarni, Gourihar Pekour, Mikhail Afchine, Armin Murphy, Daniel M. Cziczo, Daniel J. TI Comparison of Experimental and Numerical Studies of the Performance Characteristics of a Pumped Counterflow Virtual Impactor SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLOUD DROPLETS; ICE NUCLEATION; DESIGN; CVI AB Experiments and Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulations were performed to evaluate the performance characteristics of a Pumped Counterflow Virtual Impactor (PCVI). The diameter at which 50% of the particles were transmitted was determined for various flow configurations. Experimentally determined 50% cut sizes varied from 2.2 to 4.8 micrometers and CFD predicted diameters agreed within +/- 0.4 micrometers. Both experimental and CFD results showed similar transmission efficiency (TE) curves. CFD TE was always greater than experimental results, most likely due to impaction losses in fittings not included in the simulations. Ideal transmission, corresponding to 100% TE, was never realized in either case due to impaction losses and small-scale flow features such as eddies. Areas where CFD simulations showed such flow recirculation zones were also found to be the locations where particulate residue was deposited during experiments. CFD parametric tests showed that PCVI performance can be affected by the nozzle geometry and misalignment between the nozzle and collector orifice. We conclude that CFD can be used with confidence for counter-flow virtual impactor (CVI) design. Modifications to improve the performance characteristics of the PCVI are suggested. C1 [Kulkarni, Gourihar; Pekour, Mikhail; Cziczo, Daniel J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Afchine, Armin] Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Inst Chem & Dynam Geosphere ICG 1, Julich, Germany. [Murphy, Daniel M.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Kulkarni, G (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM Gourihar.Kulkarni@pnl.gov RI Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; FU Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Aerosol and Climate Initiative; NOAA FX Funding of this work was provided by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Aerosol and Climate Initiative and NOAA base funding. We wish to thank Karl Froyd for useful discussions. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 32 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2011 VL 45 IS 3 BP 382 EP 392 DI 10.1080/02786826.2010.539291 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 712HA UT WOS:000286655700009 ER PT J AU Chang, WL Bhave, PV Brown, SS Riemer, N Stutz, J Dabdub, D AF Chang, Wayne L. Bhave, Prakash V. Brown, Steven S. Riemer, Nicole Stutz, Jochen Dabdub, Donald TI Heterogeneous Atmospheric Chemistry, Ambient Measurements, and Model Calculations of N2O5: A Review SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; NOCTURNAL BOUNDARY-LAYER; DIFFERENTIAL OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; IN-SITU DETECTION; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; MINERAL DUST SURROGATES; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; LONG-TERM OBSERVATION; AIR-QUALITY MODELS AB For several decades, dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) has been recognized as an important reactive intermediate in the atmospheric chemistry of nitrogen oxides and nitrate aerosol, especially during nighttime. However, due to the lack of ambient observations of N2O5, the nocturnal nitrogen oxide chemistry could not be quantified until recent years. The objective of the present article is to assess the current state-of-the-art knowledge of N2O5 dynamics within the tropospheric aerosol. An up-to-date summary of N2O5 chemistry and major loss mechanisms are provided. Furthermore, techniques for measuring ambient N2O5 and an overview of typical N2O5 levels in the troposphere are described. In addition, model representations of N2O5 chemistry are reviewed along with key features of N2O5 vertical profiles based on numerical simulations. Lastly, the article provides the outstanding uncertainties and needs for further research into the atmospheric chemistry of N2O5. These include the need for better characterization of N2O5 heterogeneous uptake under temperature conditions characteristic of mid-and high-latitude winter seasons; greater understanding of the influence of individual aerosol components on N2O5 uptake and representation of these components in atmospheric models; and comprehensive descriptions of nighttime vertical profiles of N2O5 and related pollutants. C1 [Chang, Wayne L.; Dabdub, Donald] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Bhave, Prakash V.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Brown, Steven S.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Riemer, Nicole] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Stutz, Jochen] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Dabdub, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. EM ddabdub@uci.edu RI Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Bhave, Prakash/L-1958-2013; Stutz, Jochen/K-7159-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Bhave, Prakash/0000-0002-2573-951X; FU California Air Resource Board (ARB) FX This review article was motivated by a series of presentations at the 2007 International Aerosol Modeling Algorithms conference in Davis, California. We are appreciative of funding from the California Air Resource Board (ARB) and grateful to Dr. Ajith Kaduwala for his support. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) through its Office of Research and Development collaborated in the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. We also thank Susan Forbes (US EPA) for her assistance with literature searches, and William R. Simpson, Randy Apodaca, Timothy Bertram, and Ezra Wood for providing several figures. Furthermore, we extend our thanks to the reviewers for their invaluable constructive comments and suggestions that have truly improved the quality of this work. NR 182 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 9 U2 109 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 EI 1521-7388 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2011 VL 45 IS 6 BP 665 EP 695 DI 10.1080/02786826.2010.551672 PG 31 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 730CG UT WOS:000288007300001 ER PT J AU Li, MD Guha, S Zangmeister, R Tarlov, MJ Zachariah, MR AF Li, Mingdong Guha, Suvajyoti Zangmeister, Rebecca Tarlov, Michael J. Zachariah, Michael R. TI Quantification and Compensation of Nonspecific Analyte Aggregation in Electrospray Sampling SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL MOBILITY ANALYSIS; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CARBON NANOTUBES; ANALYTICAL ULTRACENTRIFUGATION; ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY; PROTEINS; CHARGE; MACROMOLECULES; CLASSIFICATION; NANOPARTICLES AB Electrospray (ES) sources are commonly used to introduce nonvolatile materials (e.g., nanoparticles, proteins, etc.) to the gas phase for characterization by mass spectrometry or ion mobility. Recent studies in our group using ES ion mobility to characterize protein aggregation in solution have raised the question as to whether the ES itself induces aggregation and thus corrupts the results. In this article, we develop a statistical model to determine the extent to which the ES process induces the formation of dimers and higher-order aggregates. The model is validated through ES differentialmobility experiments using gold nanoparticles. The results show that the extent of droplet-induced aggregation is quite severe and previously reported cutoff criterion is inadequate. We use the model in conjunction with experiment to show the true dimer concentration in a protein solution as a function of concentration. Themodel is extendable to any ES source analytical system and to higher aggregation states. For users only interested in implementation of the theory, we provide a section that summarizes the relevant formulas. C1 [Li, Mingdong; Guha, Suvajyoti; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Li, Mingdong; Guha, Suvajyoti; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Li, Mingdong; Guha, Suvajyoti; Zangmeister, Rebecca; Tarlov, Michael J.; Zachariah, Michael R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zachariah, MR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, 2125 Martin Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mrz@umd.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Li, Mingdong/G-6957-2014; Zangmeister, Rebecca/D-6641-2017; OI Li, Mingdong/0000-0001-5890-7156; Zangmeister, Rebecca/0000-0002-0540-6240; Guha, Suvajyoti/0000-0002-7622-2721 NR 33 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2011 VL 45 IS 7 BP 849 EP 860 DI 10.1080/02786826.2011.566901 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 764UO UT WOS:000290660000007 ER PT S AU Esh, D Philip, J Snyder, K AF Esh, D. Philip, J. Snyder, K. BE LHostis, V Philipose, K Gens, R Galle, C TI Performance assessments insights on the use of cements in waste management SO AMP 2010 - INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON AGEING MANAGEMENT OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS AND WASTE DISPOSAL STRUCTURES (EFC EVENT 334) SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Ageing Management of Nuclear Power Plants and Waste Disposal Structures (AMP) CY NOV 07-10, 2010 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Atom Energy Canada Ltd (AECL), Commissariat Energie Atomique & Energies Alternat (CEA) AB The use of cementitious materials has been proposed in a variety of waste management systems because these materials can have a variety of desirable performance characteristics: hydraulic isolation, chemical isolation, structural stability. Cementitious barriers are commonly engineered with a goal of achieving the highest quality material possible (e.g. minimizing hydraulic conductivity, porosity, tortuosity, diffusivity). However, a single performance goal may not be optimum when practical considerations of designs and performance characteristics are considered simultaneously. In addition, laboratory-scale optimized designs may have field-scale characteristics that are less than ideal. C1 [Esh, D.; Philip, J.] US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Washington, DC 20555 USA. [Snyder, K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Esh, D (reprint author), US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Washington, DC 20555 USA. EM david.esh@nrc.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2011 VL 12 AR 04001 DI 10.1051/epjconf/20111204001 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BAX16 UT WOS:000305915300013 ER PT J AU Staymates, ME Smith, WJ Windsor, E AF Staymates, Matthew E. Smith, Wayne J. Windsor, Eric TI Thermal desorption and vapor transport characteristics in an explosive trace detector SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID HOMELAND SECURITY AB Swipe-based explosive trace detectors rely on thermal desorption to vaporize explosive particles collected on a swipe. The vaporized material is carried by air flows from the desorption unit to the inlet of the chemical analyzer, typically an ion mobility spectrometer. We have observed that the amount of explosives detected from a swipe varies with the physical location of explosives collected on the swipe. There are two issues that may contribute to this effect: inhomogeneous or insufficient heating of the swipe during desorption and low velocity air flows that inefficiently transport desorbed vapor during the instruments analysis time. To better characterize this effect, we have simulated the air movements within a generic desorption unit using commercially available computational fluid dynamics software. Simulations are three dimensional, symmetric and solved under steady, laminar flow conditions. The calculated velocity field correlates directly with experimental detector response to the high explosive RDX. Results suggest that the limiting factor in this model thermal desorption unit is the flow-field around the swipe and flow rate into the detector, rather than heat transfer to the swipe itself. Buoyancy effects due to heating dominate the flow-field and produce a vertical bulk fluid motion within the domain that opposes much of the flow drawn into the analyzer. C1 [Staymates, Matthew E.; Windsor, Eric] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Smith, Wayne J.] DDL Omni Engn Corp, Mclean, VA USA. RP Staymates, ME (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM matthew.staymates@nist.gov FU Department of Homeland Security Science & Technology Directorate; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX The Department of Homeland Security Science & Technology Directorate sponsored the production of this work under an interagency agreement with the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2011 VL 136 IS 19 BP 3967 EP 3972 DI 10.1039/c1an15340d PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 826EB UT WOS:000295333100018 PM 21837352 ER PT J AU Guenther, FR Possolo, A AF Guenther, Franklin R. Possolo, Antonio TI Calibration and uncertainty assessment for certified reference gas mixtures SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Calibration; Gas mixture; Certified reference material; Errors-in-variables; Generalized least squares; Maximum likelihood; Statistical bootstrap; Outliers; Coverage intervals AB The weighted least squares method to build an analysis function described in ISO 6143, Gas analysis-Comparison methods for determining and checking the composition of calibration gas mixtures, is modified to take into account the typically small number of instrumental readings that are obtained for each primary standard gas mixture used in calibration. The theoretical basis for this modification is explained, and its superior performance is illustrated in a simulation study built around a concrete example, using real data. The corresponding uncertainty assessment is obtained by application of a Monte Carlo method consistent with the guidance in the Supplement 1 to the Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement, which avoids the need for two successive applications of the linearizing approximation of the conventional method for uncertainty propagation. The three main steps that NIST currently uses to certify a reference gas mixture (homogeneity study, calibration, and assignment of value and uncertainty assessment), are described and illustrated using data pertaining to an actual standard reference material. C1 [Possolo, Antonio] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Guenther, Franklin R.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Analyt Chem, Gas Metrol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Possolo, A (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Stat Engn Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8980, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM franklin.guenther@nist.gov; antonio.possolo@nist.gov NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 399 IS 1 BP 489 EP 500 DI 10.1007/s00216-010-4379-z PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 700YJ UT WOS:000285781200046 PM 21072506 ER PT J AU Zeisler, R Paul, RL Spatz, RO Yu, LL Mann, JL Kelly, WR Lang, BE Leigh, SD Fagan, J AF Zeisler, R. Paul, R. L. Spatz, R. Oflaz Yu, L. L. Mann, J. L. Kelly, W. R. Lang, B. E. Leigh, S. D. Fagan, J. TI Elemental analysis of a single-wall carbon nanotube candidate reference material SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Carius tube digestion; Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; Instrumental neutron activation analysis; Prompt gamma activation analysis; Rare earth elements; Value assignment ID RAY ACTIVATION-ANALYSIS; SPECTROMETRY; NIST AB A material containing single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with other carbon species, catalyst residues, and trace element contaminants has been prepared by the National Institute of Standards and Technology for characterization and distribution as Standard Reference Material SRM 2483 Carbon Nanotube Soot. Neutron activation analysis (NAA) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were selected to characterize the elemental composition. Catalyst residues at percentage mass fraction level were determined with independent NAA procedures and a number of trace elements, including selected rare earth elements, were determined with NAA and ICP-MS procedures. The results of the investigated materials agreed well among the NAA and ICP-MS procedures and good agreement of measured values with certified values was found in selected SRMs included in the analyses. Based on this work mass fraction values for catalyst and trace elements were assigned to the candidate SRM. C1 [Zeisler, R.; Paul, R. L.; Spatz, R. Oflaz; Yu, L. L.; Mann, J. L.; Kelly, W. R.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lang, B. E.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Leigh, S. D.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fagan, J.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zeisler, R (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rolf.zeisler@nist.gov RI Yu, Lee/N-7263-2015 OI Yu, Lee/0000-0002-8043-6853 NR 17 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 19 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 399 IS 1 BP 509 EP 517 DI 10.1007/s00216-010-4275-6 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 700YJ UT WOS:000285781200048 PM 20953769 ER PT J AU Phinney, KW Rimmer, CA Thomas, JB Sander, LC Sharpless, KE Wise, SA AF Phinney, Karen W. Rimmer, Catherine A. Thomas, Jeanice Brown Sander, Lane C. Sharpless, Katherine E. Wise, Stephen A. TI Isotope Dilution Liquid Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry Methods for Fat- and Water-Soluble Vitamins in Nutritional Formulations SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DIETARY-SUPPLEMENTS; MULTIVITAMIN/MULTIELEMENT TABLETS; FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; MULTIVITAMIN TABLETS; B-VITAMINS; FOODS; MINERALS; PREMIXES AB Vitamins are essential to human health, and dietary supplements containing vitamins are widely used by individuals hoping to ensure they have adequate intake of these important nutrients. Measurement of vitamins in nutritional formulations is necessary to monitor regulatory compliance and in studies examining the nutrient intake of specific populations. Liquid chromatographic methods, primarily with UV absorbance detection, are well established for both fat- and water-soluble measurements, but they do have limitations for certain analytes and may suffer from a lack of specificity in complex matrices. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) provides both sensitivity and specificity for the determination of vitamins in these matrices, and simultaneous analysis of multiple vitamins in a single analysis is often possible. In this work, LC-MS methods were developed for both fat- and water-soluble vitamins and applied to the measurement of these analytes in two NIST Standard Reference Materials. When possible, stable isotope labeled internal standards were employed for quantification. C1 [Phinney, Karen W.; Rimmer, Catherine A.; Thomas, Jeanice Brown; Sander, Lane C.; Sharpless, Katherine E.; Wise, Stephen A.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Phinney, KW (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Sharpless, Katherine/0000-0001-6569-198X FU National Institute of Standards and Technology FX Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper to specify adequately the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 41 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 1 BP 92 EP 98 DI 10.1021/ac101950r PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 698DB UT WOS:000285570600015 PM 21117618 ER PT J AU Sander, LC Sharpless, KE Wise, SA Nelson, BC Phinney, KW Porter, BJ Rimmer, CA Thomas, JB Wood, LJ Yen, JH Duewer, DL Atkinson, R Chen, P Goldschmidt, R Wolf, WR Ho, IP Betz, JM AF Sander, L. C. Sharpless, K. E. Wise, S. A. Nelson, B. C. Phinney, K. W. Porter, B. J. Rimmer, C. A. Thomas, J. B. Wood, L. J. Yen, J. H. Duewer, D. L. Atkinson, R. Chen, P. Goldschmidt, R. Wolf, W. R. Ho, I. -P. Betz, J. M. TI Certification of Vitamins and Carotenoids in SRM 3280 Multivitamin/Multielement Tablets SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ISOTOPE DILUTION ASSAYS; WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS; DIETARY-SUPPLEMENTS; PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS; PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE; FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; MULTIVITAMIN TABLETS AB A new multivitamin/multielement dietary supplement Standard Reference Material (SRM) has been issued by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), with certified and reference concentration values for 13 vitamins, 24 elements, and 2 carotenoids. The constituents have been measured by multiple analytical methods with data contributed by NIST and by collaborating laboratories. This effort included the first use of isotope dilution mass spectrometry for value assignment of both fat-soluble vitamins (FSVs) and water-soluble vitamins (WSVs). Excellent agreement was obtained among the methods, with relative expanded uncertainties for the certified concentration values typically ranging from <2% to 15% for vitamins. C1 [Sander, L. C.; Sharpless, K. E.; Wise, S. A.; Phinney, K. W.; Porter, B. J.; Rimmer, C. A.; Thomas, J. B.; Wood, L. J.; Duewer, D. L.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nelson, B. C.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yen, J. H.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Atkinson, R.; Chen, P.; Goldschmidt, R.; Wolf, W. R.] USDA, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Ho, I. -P.] GMA, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Betz, J. M.] NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Sander, LC (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8311, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX Partial funding for this work was provided by the National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this report to specify adequately the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology or other governmental agency, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 1 BP 99 EP 108 DI 10.1021/ac101953u PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 698DB UT WOS:000285570600016 PM 21128589 ER PT J AU Paul, RL AF Paul, Rick L. TI Evaluation of Radiochemical Neutron Activation Analysis Methods for Determination of Arsenic in Biological Materials SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIAL AB Radiochemical neutron activation analysis (RNAA) with retention on hydrated manganese dioxide (HMD) has played a key role in the certification of As in biological materials at NIST. Although this method provides very high and reproducible yields and detection limits at low microgram/kilogram levels, counting geometry uncertainties may arise from unequal distribution of As in the HMD, and arsenic detection limits may not be optimal due to significant retention of other elements. An alternate RNAA procedure with separation of arsenic by solvent extraction has been investigated. After digestion of samples in nitric and perchloric acids, As(III) is extracted from 2 M sulfuric acid solution into a solution of zinc diethyldithiocarbatnate in chloroform. Counting of (76)As allows quantitation of arsenic. Addition of an (77)As tracer solution prior to dissolution allows correction for chemical yield and counting geometries, further improving reproducibility. The HMD and solvent extraction procedures for arsenic were compared through analysis of SRMs 1577c (bovine liver), 1547 (peach leaves), and 1575a (pine needles). Both methods gave As results in agreement with certified values with comparable reproducibility. However, the solvent extraction method yields a factor of 3 improvement in detection limits and is less time-consuming than the HMI) method. The new method shows great promise for use in As certification in reference materials. C1 NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Paul, RL (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rick.paul@nist.gov NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 1 BP 152 EP 156 DI 10.1021/ac102073h PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 698DB UT WOS:000285570600022 PM 21133431 ER PT J AU Guo, ZY Wu, H Srinivas, G Zhou, YM Xiang, SC Chen, ZX Yang, YT Zhou, W O'Keeffe, M Chen, BL AF Guo, Zhiyong Wu, Hui Srinivas, Gadipelli Zhou, Yaming Xiang, Shengchang Chen, Zhenxia Yang, Yongtai Zhou, Wei O'Keeffe, Michael Chen, Banglin TI A Metal-Organic Framework with Optimized Open Metal Sites and Pore Spaces for High Methane Storage at Room Temperature SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE methane storage; microporous materials; molecular recognition; open metal sites; organic-inorganic hybrid composites ID HIGH-CAPACITY; GAS-STORAGE; DESIGN; RECOGNITION; ACETYLENE; HYDROGEN; SORPTION; UPTAKES C1 [Guo, Zhiyong; Xiang, Shengchang; Chen, Banglin] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Wu, Hui; Srinivas, Gadipelli; Zhou, Wei] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Srinivas, Gadipelli] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Zhou, Yaming; Chen, Zhenxia; Yang, Yongtai] Fudan Univ, Dept Chem, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [O'Keeffe, Michael] Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Chen, BL (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM wzhou@nist.gov; banglin.chen@utsa.edu RI Chen, Zhenxia/I-5553-2012; Chen, Banglin/F-5461-2010; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Xiang, Shengchang/F-9210-2010; Gadipelli, Srinivas/A-8622-2010; Guo, Zhiyong/L-5541-2014 OI Chen, Zhenxia/0000-0001-8307-4184; Chen, Banglin/0000-0001-8707-8115; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Xiang, Shengchang/0000-0001-6016-2587; Gadipelli, Srinivas/0000-0002-1362-6905; FU NSF [CHE 0718281]; Welch Foundation [AX-1730] FX This work was supported by the award CHE 0718281 from the NSF and AX-1730 from the Welch Foundation (B.C.). NR 49 TC 204 Z9 206 U1 9 U2 88 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2011 VL 50 IS 14 BP 3178 EP 3181 DI 10.1002/anie.201007583 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 740LR UT WOS:000288796600009 PM 21374770 ER PT J AU Brett, GL He, Q Hammond, C Miedziak, PJ Dimitratos, N Sankar, M Herzing, AA Conte, M Lopez-Sanchez, JA Kiely, CJ Knight, DW Taylor, SH Hutchings, GJ AF Brett, Gemma L. He, Qian Hammond, Ceri Miedziak, Peter J. Dimitratos, Nikolaos Sankar, Meenakshisundaram Herzing, Andrew A. Conte, Marco Lopez-Sanchez, Jose Antonio Kiely, Christopher J. Knight, David W. Taylor, Stuart H. Hutchings, Graham J. TI Selective Oxidation of Glycerol by Highly Active Bimetallic Catalysts at Ambient Temperature under Base-Free Conditions SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE alloys; gold; heterogeneous catalysis; nanoparticles; platinum ID LIQUID-PHASE OXIDATION; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; GOLD CATALYSTS; PARTICLE-SIZE; CARBON; PD; NANOPARTICLES; ALCOHOLS C1 [Brett, Gemma L.; Hammond, Ceri; Miedziak, Peter J.; Dimitratos, Nikolaos; Sankar, Meenakshisundaram; Conte, Marco; Lopez-Sanchez, Jose Antonio; Knight, David W.; Taylor, Stuart H.; Hutchings, Graham J.] Cardiff Univ, Cardiff Catalysis Inst, Sch Chem, Cardiff CF10 3AT, S Glam, Wales. [He, Qian; Kiely, Christopher J.] Lehigh Univ, Ctr Adv Mat & Nanotechnol, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Herzing, Andrew A.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hutchings, GJ (reprint author), Cardiff Univ, Cardiff Catalysis Inst, Sch Chem, Main Bldg,Pk Pl, Cardiff CF10 3AT, S Glam, Wales. EM hutch@cardiff.ac.uk RI Herzing, Andrew/D-6239-2012; Sankar, Meenakshisundaram/B-2105-2010; Dimitratos, Nikolaos/B-8787-2008; lopez-sanchez, jose/E-4689-2011; He, Qian/J-1277-2014; OI Sankar, Meenakshisundaram/0000-0002-8732-2226; Dimitratos, Nikolaos/0000-0002-6620-4335; lopez-sanchez, jose/0000-0003-3064-0140; Conte, Marco/0000-0002-1399-0344; Taylor, Stuart/0000-0002-1933-4874 FU Sasol company; Technology Strategy Board FX This work formed part of the Glycerol Challenge. The Sasol company and the Technology Strategy Board are thanked for their financial support. This project is co-funded by the Technology Strategy Board's Collaborative Research and Development programme, following an open competition. The Technology Strategy Board is an executive body established by the UK Government to drive innovation. NR 21 TC 106 Z9 107 U1 5 U2 151 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2011 VL 50 IS 43 BP 10136 EP 10139 DI 10.1002/anie.201101772 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 838GF UT WOS:000296274700012 PM 21990249 ER PT J AU Kauffman, KL Culp, JT Allen, AJ Espinal, L Wong-Ng, W Brown, TD Goodman, A Bernardo, MP Pancoast, RJ Chirdon, D Matranga, C AF Kauffman, Kristi L. Culp, Jeffrey T. Allen, Andrew J. Espinal, Laura Wong-Ng, Winnie Brown, Thomas D. Goodman, Angela Bernardo, Mark P. Pancoast, Russel J. Chirdon, Danielle Matranga, Christopher TI Selective Adsorption of CO2 from Light Gas Mixtures by Using a Structurally Dynamic Porous Coordination Polymer SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE IR spectroscopy; metal-organic frameworks; porous coordination polymers; selectivity; structural dynamics ID METAL-ORGANIC-FRAMEWORK; CARBON-DIOXIDE; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; CO2/CH4 MIXTURES; SEPARATION; TRANSITIONS; MIL-53; CH4; THERMODYNAMICS; POLYMORPHISM C1 [Kauffman, Kristi L.; Culp, Jeffrey T.; Brown, Thomas D.; Goodman, Angela; Bernardo, Mark P.; Pancoast, Russel J.; Chirdon, Danielle; Matranga, Christopher] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Culp, Jeffrey T.] URS, South Pk, PA 15129 USA. [Allen, Andrew J.; Espinal, Laura; Wong-Ng, Winnie] NIST, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Matranga, C (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM christopher.matranga@netl.doe.gov RI Culp, Jeffrey/B-1219-2010; Matranga, Christopher/E-4741-2015 OI Culp, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7422-052X; Matranga, Christopher/0000-0001-7082-5938 FU National Energy Technology Laboratory [DE-FE0004000]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX This work was performed in support of the National Energy Technology Laboratory's ongoing research in CO2 capture under the RES contract DE-FE0004000 and has utilized neutron scattering facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. Reference in this work to any specific commercial product is to facilitate understanding and does not necessarily imply endorsement by the United States Department of Energy. Certain commercial materials and equipment are identified in this paper only to specify adequately the experimental procedure. In no case does such identification imply recommendation by NIST nor does it imply that the material or equipment identified is necessarily the best available for this purpose. The authors thank Juscelino Leao, Wendy Queen, and Craig Brown of the NIST Center for Neutron Research and Martin Green of NIST Ceramics Division for their valuable technical discussions and contributions. NR 49 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 55 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2011 VL 50 IS 46 BP 10888 EP 10892 DI 10.1002/anie.201104130 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851ZY UT WOS:000297312600024 PM 22002810 ER PT S AU Ihde, TF Wilberg, MJ Secor, DH Miller, TJ AF Ihde, Thomas F. Wilberg, Michael J. Secor, David H. Miller, Thomas J. BE Beard, TD Arlinghaus, R Sutton, SG TI FishSmart: Harnessing the Knowledge of Stakeholders to Enhance US Marine Recreational Fisheries with Application to the Atlantic King Mackerel Fishery SO ANGLER IN THE ENVIRONMENT: SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, BIOLOGICAL, AND ETHICAL DEMENSIONS SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th World Recreational Fishing Conference (WRFC) CY NOV 10-12, 2008 CL Int Game Fish Assoc, Fish Hall Fame & Museum, Dania Beach, FL SP Int Game Fish Assoc HO Int Game Fish Assoc, Fish Hall Fame & Museum ID SOUTH EAST FISHERY; GULF-OF-MEXICO; SCOMBEROMORUS-CAVALLA; UNITED-STATES; MANAGEMENT TOOLS; SPORT FISHERIES; POPULATIONS; STRATEGIES; TRENDS; CANADA AB Despite widespread recognition of the importance of including stakeholders in management decisions for fisheries, an integrated process for broadening stakeholder involvement in the management of marine fisheries in the United States is lacking. Many marine recreational fishery stakeholders feel frustrated by a perceived lack of inclusion in the management process. Here, we describe a collaborative, integrated process between scientists and stakeholders, called "FishSmart," which complements current management by informing fishery managers of stakeholder preferences for alternative management strategies. Strategies were designed by the stakeholders to improve the status of the king mackerel Scomberomorus cavalla fishery off the southeastern coast of the United States, relative to their shared vision of an improved fishery. Over the course of four facilitated workshops, stakeholders explored and compared the consequences of voluntary and regulatory fishery management strategies, using a decision analysis model developed by project scientists. Goals identified by stakeholders included maintaining high and stable catches and retaining year-round access and the ability to catch large fish. Options modeled included both voluntary changes in fishing practices and mandatory regulations. Stakeholders agreed that status quo management options were not sufficient to ensure sustainability in the Atlantic king mackerel fishery and developed a suite of 18 consensus recommendations of how to best meet their shared vision of a quality fishery. C1 [Ihde, Thomas F.; Wilberg, Michael J.; Secor, David H.; Miller, Thomas J.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, POB 38, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. RP Ihde, TF (reprint author), NOAA, Chesapeake Bay Off, 410 Severn Ave,Suite 107A, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. EM tom.ihde@noaa.gov OI Miller, Thomas/0000-0001-8427-1614 FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Chesapeake Biological Laboratory FX Support for this research was provided by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Chesapeake Biological Laboratory. We thank Mike Nussman and the American Sportfishing Association for conceiving FishSmart. We particularly appreciate the invaluable participation and input of the stake-holders in the workgroup process and the efforts of the Steering Committee in helping design and conduct the process. The Florida Conflict Resolution Consortium assisted greatly by facilitating the workgroup meetings. Additionally, we thank the king mackerel stock assessment team and the Marine Recreational Information Program (MRIP) for providing assessment results and data. We also thank Nadine Marshall and an anonymous reviewer whose thoughtful suggestions have improved this manuscript, as well as Dave Loewensteiner, who provided assistance with data summarization and Tina Stockton, who provided invaluable logistical support for stakeholder meetings. This is contribution number 4378 of the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Chesapeake Biological Laboratory. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-24-0 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2011 VL 75 BP 75 EP 93 PG 19 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BG9QU UT WOS:000393632400005 ER PT S AU Liese, C Carter, DW AF Liese, Christopher Carter, David W. BE Beard, TD Arlinghaus, R Sutton, SG TI Collecting Economic Data from the For-Hire Fishing Sector: Lessons from a Cost and Earnings Survey of the Southeast US Charter Boat Industry SO ANGLER IN THE ENVIRONMENT: SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, BIOLOGICAL, AND ETHICAL DEMENSIONS SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th World Recreational Fishing Conference (WRFC) CY NOV 10-12, 2008 CL Int Game Fish Assoc, Fish Hall Fame & Museum, Dania Beach, FL SP Int Game Fish Assoc HO Int Game Fish Assoc, Fish Hall Fame & Museum AB This chapter examines the methodological challenges associated with collecting economic data from the for-hire fishing sector. A cost and earnings survey of charter boat operators in the Southeast United States serves as a case study. In the case study, a telephone survey was used to collect information about individual trips and a mail survey was used to collect complementary data about annual expenses. The results of the case study are used in the discussion of economic data requirements and survey methodology most applicable to the charter boat industry. Recommendations are provided for improving the design of surveys to collect economic data from the for-hire sector. C1 [Liese, Christopher; Carter, David W.] NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Liese, C (reprint author), NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM christopher.liese@noaa.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-24-0 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2011 VL 75 BP 279 EP 292 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BG9QU UT WOS:000393632400017 ER PT J AU Sergienko, OV Hulbe, CL AF Sergienko, Olga V. Hulbe, Christina L. TI 'Sticky spots' and subglacial lakes under ice streams of the Siple Coast, Antarctica SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WEST ANTARCTICA; WATER-FLOW; BENEATH; SHEET; MECHANISM; SYSTEM; FLOODS; MODEL AB Locations of subglacial lakes discovered under fast-moving West Antarctic ice streams tend to be associated with topographic features of the subglacial bed or with areas that have strong variations in basal conditions. Inversion of ice-stream surface velocity indicates that basal conditions under ice streams can be highly variable and that there can be widespread regions where basal traction is high. To seek an explanation for why lakes appear to be sited near areas with high basal traction, we use numerical models to simulate ice-stream dynamics, thermodynamics and subglacial water flow. We demonstrate that the ice flow over high basal traction areas produces favourable conditions for the ponding of meltwater. Energy dissipation associated with ice sliding over a region with high basal traction constitutes a water source supplying a lake, and ice-thickness perturbations induced by ice flow over variable traction create local minima in hydraulic potential. Variations in thermodynamic processes caused by such ice flow could be responsible for limiting the horizontal extent of the subglacial lakes. C1 [Sergienko, Olga V.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Hulbe, Christina L.] Portland State Univ, Dept Geol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Sergienko, OV (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM osergien@princeton.edu FU US National Science Foundation [OPP-0838811, ARC-0934534] FX This study is supported by US National Science Foundation grants OPP-0838811 and ARC-0934534. We thank D. MacAyeal and two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments and constructive criticism. NR 29 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 19 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 EI 1727-5644 J9 ANN GLACIOL JI Ann. Glaciol. PY 2011 VL 52 IS 58 BP 18 EP 22 PG 5 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 804UX UT WOS:000293680600003 ER PT J AU MacAyeal, DR Abbot, DS Sergienko, OV AF MacAyeal, Douglas R. Abbot, Dorian S. Sergienko, Olga V. TI Iceberg-capsize tsunamigenesis SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TSUNAMIS; DISLOCATIONS; LANDSLIDES AB Calving from the floating termini of outlet glaciers and ice shelves is just the beginning of an interesting chain of events that can subsequently have important impacts on human life and property. Immediately after calving, many icebergs capsize (roll over by 90 degrees) due to the instability of their initial geometry. As icebergs melt and respond to the cumulative effects of ocean swell, they can also reorient their mass distribution by further capsize and fragmentation. These processes release gravitational potential energy and can produce impulsive large-amplitude surface-gravity waves known as tsunamis (a term derived from the Japanese language). Iceberg-capsize tsunamis in Greenland fjords can be of sufficient amplitude to threaten human life and cause destruction of property in settlements. Iceberg-capsize tsunamis may also have a role in determining why some ice shelves along the Antarctic Peninsula disintegrate 'explosively' in response to general environmental warming. To quantify iceberg tsunami hazards we investigate iceberg-capsize energetics, and develop a rule relating tsunami height to iceberg thickness. This rule suggests that the open-water tsunami height (located far from the iceberg and from shorelines where the height can be amplified) has an upper limit of 0.01 H where H is the initial vertical dimension of the iceberg. C1 [MacAyeal, Douglas R.; Abbot, Dorian S.] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Sergienko, Olga V.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP MacAyeal, DR (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, 5734 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM drm7@uchicago.edu RI Abbot, Dorian/J-6352-2012; OI MacAyeal, Douglas/0000-0003-0647-6176 FU US National Science Foundation [ANT-0944193, OPP-0838811, CMG-0934534]; University of Chicago; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research FX This work is supported by the US National Science Foundation under grants ANT-0944193, OPP-0838811 and CMG-0934534. D.S.A. was supported by the T.C. Chamberlin Fellowship of the University of Chicago and the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research. We thank E. Okal, J. Bassis, M. Cathles, N. Guttenberg, J. Burton, W. Zhang and especially J. Amundson, whose time-lapse videos of Greenlandic iceberg capsize inspired this work. The reviews of P. Bartelt, M. Naaim, an anonymous referee and the internal review provided by J. Amundson led to improvements in the paper. NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 17 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 J9 ANN GLACIOL JI Ann. Glaciol. PY 2011 VL 52 IS 58 BP 51 EP 56 PG 6 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 804UX UT WOS:000293680600008 ER PT J AU Farrell, SL Markus, T Kwok, R Connor, L AF Farrell, Sinead L. Markus, Thorsten Kwok, Ron Connor, Laurence TI Laser altimetry sampling strategies over sea ice SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB With the conclusion of the science phase of the Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) mission in late 2009, and the planned launch of ICESat-2 in late 2015, NASA has recently established the Ice Bridge program to provide continuity between missions. A major goal of Ice Bridge is to obtain a sea-ice thickness time series via airborne surveys over the Arctic and Southern Oceans. Typically two laser altimeters; the Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM) and the Land, Vegetation and Ice Sensor (LVIS), are utilized during Ice Bridge flights. Using laser altimetry simulations of conventional analogue systems such as ICESat, LVIS and ATM, with the multi-beam system proposed for ICESat-2, we investigate differences in measurements gathered at varying spatial resolutions and the impact on sea-ice freeboard. We assess the ability of each system to reproduce the elevation distributions of two sea-ice models and discuss potential biases in lead detection and sea-surface elevation, arising from variable footprint size and spacing. The conventional systems accurately reproduce mean freeboard over 25 km length scales, while ICESat-2 offers considerable improvements over its predecessor ICESat. In particular, its dense along-track sampling of the surface will allow flexibility in the algorithmic approaches taken to optimize the signal-to-noise ratio for accurate and precise freeboard retrieval. C1 [Farrell, Sinead L.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Farrell, Sinead L.; Markus, Thorsten] NASA, Cryospher Sci Branch, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kwok, Ron] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Farrell, Sinead L.; Connor, Laurence] NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Farrell, SL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM sineadf@umd.edu RI Farrell, Sinead/F-5586-2010; Connor, Laurence/E-7930-2011; Kwok, Ron/A-9762-2008; Markus, Thorsten/D-5365-2012; Beckley, Matthew/D-4547-2013 OI Farrell, Sinead/0000-0003-3222-2751; Connor, Laurence/0000-0002-5276-6257; Kwok, Ron/0000-0003-4051-5896; FU NASA FX We acknowledge the efforts of the NASA ATM research team for their expertise and assistance with ATM data processing. We thank J.M. Kuhn for technical assistance with the model set-up and data simulations, D.C. McAdoo for helpful discussions and review of the manuscript, and two anonymous reviewers, whose comments contributed significantly to the clarity of the paper. This work was supported under the NASA Cryospheric Sciences Program. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 11 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 EI 1727-5644 J9 ANN GLACIOL JI Ann. Glaciol. PY 2011 VL 52 IS 57 BP 69 EP 76 PN 1 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 751ZB UT WOS:000289655600009 ER PT S AU Hofmann, EE Cahill, B Fennel, K Friedrichs, MAM Hyde, K Lee, C Mannino, A Najjar, RG O'Reilly, JE Wilkin, J Xue, JH AF Hofmann, Eileen E. Cahill, Bronwyn Fennel, Katja Friedrichs, Marjorie A. M. Hyde, Kimberly Lee, Cindy Mannino, Antonio Najjar, Raymond G. O'Reilly, John E. Wilkin, John Xue, Jianhong BE Carlson, CA Giovannoni, SJ TI Modeling the Dynamics of Continental Shelf Carbon SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE, VOL 3 SE Annual Review of Marine Science LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE carbon cycling; continental shelf; coupled circulation-biogeochemical models; model-data comparisons; data assimilation; biogeochemical model initialization ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; SUBMARINE GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE; CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; SOUTHEASTERN BERING SEA; NORTH-ATLANTIC; GAS-EXCHANGE; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; PERMEABLE SEDIMENTS; INORGANIC NITROGEN AB Continental margin systems are important contributors to global nutrient and carbon budgets. Effort is needed to quantify this contribution and how it will be modified under changing patterns of climate and land use. Coupled models will be used to provide projections of future states of continental margin systems. Thus, it is appropriate to consider the limitations that impede the development of realistic models. Here, we provide an overview of the current state of modeling carbon cycling on continental margins as well as the processes and issues that provide the next challenges to such models. Our overview is done within the context of a coupled circulation-biogeochemical model developed for the northeastern North American continental shelf region. Particular choices of forcing and initial fields and process parameterizations are used to illustrate the consequences for simulated distributions, as revealed by comparisons to observations using quantitative statistical metrics. C1 [Hofmann, Eileen E.] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA. [Cahill, Bronwyn; Wilkin, John] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Fennel, Katja] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. [Friedrichs, Marjorie A. M.; Xue, Jianhong] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Hyde, Kimberly; O'Reilly, John E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Lee, Cindy] SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Mannino, Antonio] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Najjar, Raymond G.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Xue, Jianhong] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. RP Hofmann, EE (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA. EM hofmann@ccpo.odu.edu; bronwyn@marine.rutgers.edu; katja.fennel@dal.ca; marjy@vims.edu; kimberly.hyde@noaa.gov; cindy.lee@sunysb.edu; antonio.mannino@nasa.gov; najjar@meteo.psu.edu; jay.oreilly@noaa.gov; wilkin@marine.rutgers.edu; jxue@mail.utexas.edu RI Fennel, Katja/A-7470-2009; Wilkin, John/E-5343-2011; Lee, Cindy/B-1456-2009; Mannino, Antonio/I-3633-2014; OI Fennel, Katja/0000-0003-3170-2331; Wilkin, John/0000-0002-5444-9466; Lee, Cindy/0000-0002-7608-6213; Friedrichs, Marjorie/0000-0003-2828-7595 NR 133 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 48 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1941-1405 BN 978-0-8243-4503-7 J9 ANNU REV MAR SCI JI Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. PY 2011 VL 3 BP 93 EP 122 DI 10.1146/annurev-marine-120709-142740 PG 30 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BTE33 UT WOS:000286638700004 PM 21329200 ER PT B AU Simiu, E Potra, FA Duthinh, D AF Simiu, E. Potra, F. A. Duthinh, D. BE Faber, MH Kohler, J Nishijima, K TI Methodological and probabilistic issues in multi-hazard engineering design SO APPLICATIONS OF STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY IN CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering (IC ASP) CY AUG 01-04, 2011 CL Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP BKW FMB Energie AG, Bundesamt Strassen ASTRA, Fed Roads Off, Walt Galmarini AG, Det Norske Veritas AS, ETH Zurich AB A methodology based on optimization under multiple hazards is proposed as a means of integrating the design so that the greatest possible economy is achieved while satisfying specified safety-related and other constraints. Optimization under N hazards (N>1) imposes m(i) (i = 1, 2,.., N) sets of constraints, all of which are applied simultaneously to the nonlinear programming problem (NLP) associated with the design. Among the applications of the optimization procedure is the reduction of the carbon footprint inherent in the energy embodied in structures via the minimization of an objective cost function that may include the costing of carbon emissions. The paper also discusses probabilistic issues specific to multi-hazard design. For example, the current ASCE 7 Standard does not take into account the fact that failure probabilities of structures in regions exposed to both strong wind hazard and strong earthquake hazard may exceed by a factor of up to two their counterparts in regions exposed to only one of the hazards. C1 [Simiu, E.; Potra, F. A.; Duthinh, D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Simiu, E (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-203-14479-4; 978-0-415-66986-3 PY 2011 BP 836 EP 839 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BG8DO UT WOS:000392245601043 ER PT B AU Banerjee, DK Simiu, E Gross, JL Kacker, R AF Banerjee, D. K. Simiu, E. Gross, J. L. Kacker, R. BE Faber, MH Kohler, J Nishijima, K TI A statistical analysis of steel truss temperature data recorded during fire resistance tests SO APPLICATIONS OF STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY IN CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering (IC ASP) CY AUG 01-04, 2011 CL Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP BKW FMB Energie AG, Bundesamt Strassen ASTRA, Fed Roads Off, Walt Galmarini AG, Det Norske Veritas AS, ETH Zurich AB The performance of composite floor steel trusses in fires is a function of the steel temperatures within the trusses. For any given specified fire and composite system design, the temperatures depend on three factors that vary randomly with position: (1) the thermal behavior of the concrete slab, (2) the thermal behavior of the spray applied fire resistive material (SFRM), and (3) the thickness of the SFRM spray. Models of the dependence of steel truss temperatures on these three factors are needed to predict the temperatures within the truss and, therefore, the performance of the trusses corresponding to those temperatures. To develop the models it is necessary to make use of the measured temperature data. Such measurements were obtained in four Standard Fire Tests (2 full scale and 2 half scale) conducted at the Underwriters Laboratories fire testing facility using two furnaces. The furnaces were heated by 80 individual floor mounted burners following the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) E119 standard time-temperature curve, and furnace temperatures were monitored at 24 locations in the larger furnace and 16 locations in the smaller furnace. Time-temperature data were collected at specific locations along the truss near the top chord, at mid height of the web, and at the bottom chord. A first step in the development of statistical models for the three factors mentioned earlier is an approximate analysis of the dependence of the influence of thermal mass of the concrete slab on the temperatures recorded at a particular location on the steel truss. The analysis indicates that this influence is small at the level of the lower truss chord. Therefore, the variability of the temperatures at that level can be assumed approximated as due only to the joint effect of the variability of the SFRM properties and thickness. Once the effect of the thermal mass of the slab is understood on the basis of measurements obtained on the lower chord, it is possible to estimate the influence of the thermal mass of the slab on recorded steel temperatures by analyzing data measured close to the slab and at mid-truss level. This estimation requires the subtraction of the effect of the variability of the spray properties and thickness from the total observed variability. In the present study, experimentally recorded temperature data collected during the fire resistance tests are analyzed to understand the influence of the concrete slab and the spray applied fire resistive material (SFRM) on the temperature profile in the steel truss. It was shown that the effect of the SFRM thickness on steel temperatures was more pronounced at the lower chord than it was at the level of the mid web. The conclusions of this work help to clarify the correlation of the variability in temperature data with the thermal mass of the concrete. C1 [Banerjee, D. K.; Simiu, E.; Gross, J. L.; Kacker, R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Banerjee, DK (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-203-14479-4; 978-0-415-66986-3 PY 2011 BP 960 EP 965 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BG8DO UT WOS:000392245601058 ER PT B AU Phan, LT Simiu, E AF Phan, Long T. Simiu, Emil BE Faber, MH Kohler, J Nishijima, K TI Estimation of risk for design of structures exposed to combined effects of hurricane wind speed and storm surge hazards SO APPLICATIONS OF STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY IN CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering (IC ASP) CY AUG 01-04, 2011 CL Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP BKW FMB Energie AG, Bundesamt Strassen ASTRA, Fed Roads Off, Walt Galmarini AG, Det Norske Veritas AS, ETH Zurich ID MODEL AB Hurricane wind speed and storm surge are coupled phenomena. The effects of these natural hazards on coastal structures are interdependent and are highly influenced by local bathymetry and topography. This paper describes a methodology for estimating risk due to the combined effects of hurricane wind speed/storm surge events with consideration of site specificity. The methodology incorporates state-of-the-art hurricane simulation science, hydrology, probabilistic methods, and structural engineering, and involves the following general steps: (1) simulation of a stochastic set of tracks and characteristics of hurricanes affecting the region of interest, and development from those hurricanes of wind speed time histories at sites affected by those hurricanes, (2) hydrodynamic simulation of the region of interest, using the information of Step 1, and development of corresponding time histories of storm surge heights at those sites, and (3) use of hurricane wind speed and storm surge height data generated in Steps (1) and (2) to develop probabilistic information on joint wind speed/storm surge height events at any specific location, which can be used for estimating the risk due to their combined effects on structures. C1 [Phan, Long T.; Simiu, Emil] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Phan, LT (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-203-14479-4; 978-0-415-66986-3 PY 2011 BP 1967 EP 1974 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BG8DO UT WOS:000392245603055 ER PT B AU Main, JA Bao, Y Sadek, F Lew, HS AF Main, J. A. Bao, Y. Sadek, F. Lew, H. S. BE Faber, MH Kohler, J Nishijima, K TI Experimental and computational assessment of robustness of steel and reinforced concrete framed buildings SO APPLICATIONS OF STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY IN CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering (IC ASP) CY AUG 01-04, 2011 CL Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP BKW FMB Energie AG, Bundesamt Strassen ASTRA, Fed Roads Off, Walt Galmarini AG, Det Norske Veritas AS, ETH Zurich AB This paper presents an experimental and computational assessment of the performance of full-scale steel and reinforced concrete beam-column assemblies under vertical displacement of a center column, simulating a column removal scenario. The assemblies represent portions of structural framing systems designed as Intermediate Moment Frames (IMFs) for Seismic Design Category C. The steel assembly was designed and detailed in accordance with ANSI/AISC 341-02, using prequalified moment connections specified in FEMA 350, and the concrete assembly was designed and detailed in accordance with ACI 318-02 requirements. Each assembly consists of two beam spans and three columns, and a downward displacement of the center column is imposed until a failure mechanism is formed. The study provides insight into the behavior and failure modes of the assemblies, including the development of catenary action. Both detailed and reduced finite element models are developed to capture the primary response characteristics and failure modes. The reduced models can be analyzed rapidly without loss of accuracy and are implemented in analyses of entire structural systems to assess their vulnerability to disproportionate collapse. C1 [Main, J. A.; Bao, Y.; Sadek, F.; Lew, H. S.] NIST, Struct Grp, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Main, JA (reprint author), NIST, Struct Grp, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU ERDC; Defense Threat Reduction Agency; U.S. Air Force; American Institute of Steel Construction; Department of Homeland Security FX The steel assembly tests were carried out at the Engineering Research and Development Center (ERDC) of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg, MI. The concrete assembly tests were carried out at the Bowen Laboratory of Purdue University. The steel assembly tests were partially supported by ERDC, the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, the U.S. Air Force, and the American Institute of Steel Construction, and the concrete assembly tests were partially supported by the Department of Homeland Security. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-203-14479-4; 978-0-415-66986-3 PY 2011 BP 2184 EP 2192 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BG8DO UT WOS:000392245604021 ER PT J AU Smith, BC Persson, A Selander, E Wikfors, GH Alix, J AF Smith, Barry C. Persson, Agneta Selander, Erik Wikfors, Gary H. Alix, Jennifer TI Toxin profile change in vegetative cells and pellicle cysts of Alexandrium fundyense after gut passage in the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica SO AQUATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alexandrium fundyense; Crassostrea virginica; Dinoflagellate; Toxin; PST; Pellicle cyst ID PARALYTIC SHELLFISH POISON; PSP TOXINS; OSTENFELDII DINOPHYCEAE; TREATMENT OPTIONS; ACTIVATED CARBON; DRINKING-WATER; HARMFUL ALGAE; HIROSHIMA BAY; DINOFLAGELLATE; SAXITOXIN AB Vegetative cells and pellicle cysts of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense Balech were fed to the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica Gmelin under controlled conditions. Para lytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) were measured in vegetative cells and pellicle cysts prior to feeding and directly after passage through the oyster alimentary canal and defecation as intact cells. Oysters fed with vegetative cells and those fed with pellicle cysts accumulated toxins. One experimental treatment tested for direct uptake of toxins from the water (oysters and A. fundyense cells were separated by a screen); PSTs were not accumulated from the water by the oysters. There were no significant changes in total, per-cell toxicity after passage through the oyster alimentary canal, suggesting limited transfer of toxins from intact cells to the oysters. However, there were statistically significant changes in the toxin composition of cells following gut passage. Vegetative cells and pellicle cysts from feces had increased amounts of saxitoxin (STX) and decreased amounts of gonyautoxin 4 (GTX4) per cell, compared to amounts prior to gut passage. Following gut passage, pellicle cysts showed better survival in the feces than vegetative cells, which is consistent with the view of pellicle-cyst formation as a successful survival strategy against adverse conditions. C1 [Smith, Barry C.; Persson, Agneta; Wikfors, Gary H.; Alix, Jennifer] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Milford Lab, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Selander, Erik] Univ Gothenburg, Sven Loven Ctr Marine Res, S-45034 Fiskebackskil, Sweden. RP Smith, BC (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Milford Lab, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM barry.smith@noaa.gov FU Langmanska kulturfonden; Oscar and Lili Lamms Foundation for Scientific Research FX We thank an anonymous reviewer and P. G. Beninger for helpful comments. This experiment was performed with a travel grant from Langmanska kulturfonden and a research grant from Oscar and Lili Lamms Foundation for Scientific Research to A. P. Mention of trade names does not imply endorsement. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 10 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1864-7790 J9 AQUAT BIOL JI Aquat. Biol. PY 2011 VL 13 IS 2 BP 193 EP 201 DI 10.3354/ab00362 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 816TB UT WOS:000294623900009 ER PT J AU Witteveen, BH Worthy, GAJ Wynne, KM Hirons, AC Andrews, AG Markel, RW AF Witteveen, Briana H. Worthy, Graham A. J. Wynne, Kate M. Hirons, Amy C. Andrews, Alexander G., III Markel, Russell W. TI Trophic Levels of North Pacific Humpback Whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) Through Analysis of Stable Isotopes: Implications on Prey and Resource Quality SO AQUATIC MAMMALS LA English DT Article DE North Pacific; prey quality; stable isotopes; trophic level; humpback whales; Megaptera novaeangliae ID MARINE MAMMALS; NITROGEN-ISOTOPE; INTRAPOPULATION VARIATION; PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; CARBON-ISOTOPE; MIXING MODELS; ST-LAWRENCE; FOOD-CHAINS; TISSUES; DELTA-C-13 AB Trophic levels of 1,105 humpback whales from six geographically and isotopically distinct North Pacific feeding groups were calculated using delta N-15 of humpback whales and regional primary consumers. The overall mean trophic level for North Pacific humpback whales was 3.6 +/- 0.02, indicating a diet of both fish and zooplankton, and, thus, supporting assumptions of humpback whales as generalist predators. The highest mean trophic level was calculated for the north Gulf of Alaska group (4.0 +/- 0.03), while the lowest was found for the Russian and the western Aleutian Islands group (3.3 +/- 0.08). Differences in mean trophic levels suggest that feeding groups differ in the proportion of fish and zooplankton in their diets. C1 [Witteveen, Briana H.; Worthy, Graham A. J.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Witteveen, Briana H.; Wynne, Kate M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sea Grant Marine Advisory Program, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. [Hirons, Amy C.] Nova SE Univ, Dania, FL 33004 USA. [Andrews, Alexander G., III] NOAA Fisheries, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Markel, Russell W.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Witteveen, BH (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, 4000 Cent Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM bree.witteveen@alaska.edu FU NOAA [NA16FX1270]; University of Central Florida (UCF) Board of Trustees; Office of the Provost, UCF FX qWe are particularly grateful to all members of the SPLASH steering committee for their generosity with humpback whale skin samples and general support of this project. We also thank D. Jenkins, R. Foy, and J. Roth for technical advice, statistical analysis, and manuscript suggestions. The staff of the genetics lab at the Southwest Fisheries Science Center, G. Serra-Valente, K. Robertson, and C. Leduc in particular, were tremendously helpful with many aspects of sample retrieval and data sharing. Thank you to E. Falcone at Cascadia Research Collective for her invaluable assistance with database queries. J. Seminoff provided samples for stable isotope analysis from the CSCAPE 2006 project. A. Fisk, C. Clark, and J. Thomson provided field and lab assistance. Support for stable isotope analysis was provided by NOAA grant # NA16FX1270 awarded to K. Wynne. Additional funding was provided by the University of Central Florida (UCF) Board of Trustees' Doctoral Fellowship to BHW and a Research Enhancement Award from the Office of the Provost, UCF, to GAJW. NR 78 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 20 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS PI MOLINE PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA SN 0167-5427 J9 AQUAT MAMM JI Aquat. Mamm. PY 2011 VL 37 IS 2 BP 101 EP 110 DI 10.1578/AM.37.2.2011.101 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 784ID UT WOS:000292149400001 ER PT J AU Balmer, BC Wells, RS Schwacke, LH Rowles, TK Hunter, C Zolman, ES Townsend, FI Danielson, B Westgate, AJ McLellan, WA Pabst, DA AF Balmer, Brian C. Wells, Randall S. Schwacke, Lori H. Rowles, Teri K. Hunter, Colin Zolman, Eric S. Townsend, Forrest I. Danielson, Barbara Westgate, Andrew J. McLellan, William A. Pabst, D. Ann TI Evaluation of a Single-Pin, Satellite-Linked Transmitter Deployed on Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) Along the Coast of Georgia, USA SO AQUATIC MAMMALS LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; AROCLOR 1268; DIVE BEHAVIOR; TOXAPHENE; MOVEMENTS; PATTERNS; FLORIDA; FISH C1 [Balmer, Brian C.; Wells, Randall S.] Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Balmer, Brian C.; Westgate, Andrew J.; McLellan, William A.; Pabst, D. Ann] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Schwacke, Lori H.; Zolman, Eric S.] NOAA, Ctr Human Hlth Risks, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Rowles, Teri K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20901 USA. [Hunter, Colin] Sirtrack Tracking Solut, Havelock N, New Zealand. [Townsend, Forrest I.] Bayside Hosp Anim, Ft Walton Beach, FL 32547 USA. [Danielson, Barbara] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Balmer, BC (reprint author), Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, 1600 Ken Thompson Pkwy, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. EM bbalmer@mote.org FU NOAA Fisheries FX This research was funded by NOAA Fisheries. It was conducted under NMFS Scientific Research Permit Number 932-1905/MA-009526 and IACUC Permit Number HQ-2009-001. We would like to thank Chris Kochanny and the rest of the staff of Sirtrack for their hard work in tag development, Wayne McFee for teeth aging, as well as all of the participants in the capture-release health assessments. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS PI MOLINE PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA SN 0167-5427 J9 AQUAT MAMM JI Aquat. Mamm. PY 2011 VL 37 IS 2 BP 187 EP 192 DI 10.1578/AM.37.2.2011.187 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 784ID UT WOS:000292149400008 ER PT J AU Baird, RW Schorr, GS Webster, DL Mahaffy, SD McSweeney, DJ Hanson, MB Andrews, RD AF Baird, Robin W. Schorr, Gregory S. Webster, Daniel L. Mahaffy, Sabre D. McSweeney, Daniel J. Hanson, M. Bradley Andrews, Russel D. TI Open-Ocean Movements of a Satellite-Tagged Blainville's Beaked Whale (Mesoplodon densirostris): Evidence for an Offshore Population in Hawai'i? SO AQUATIC MAMMALS LA English DT Article ID KILLER WHALES; PSEUDORCA-CRASSIDENS; ZIPHIUS-CAVIROSTRIS; SITE FIDELITY; ISLAND; GAS; PATTERNS C1 [Baird, Robin W.; Schorr, Gregory S.; Webster, Daniel L.; Mahaffy, Sabre D.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [McSweeney, Daniel J.] Wild Whale Res Fdn, Holualoa, HI 96725 USA. [Hanson, M. Bradley] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Andrews, Russel D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Andrews, Russel D.] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. RP Baird, RW (reprint author), Cascadia Res Collect, 218 1-2 W 4th Ave, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. EM rwbaird@cascadiaresearch.org FU U.S. Navy via Southwest Fisheries Science Center [N45]; Office of Naval Research [N000140811203]; Scripps Institution of Oceanography; Alaska SeaLife Center FX This research was funded primarily by the U.S. Navy (N45) via a contract from the Southwest Fisheries Science Center; we thank Jay Barlow for administering the contract funds. Improvements to the tagging methods were funded by Office of Naval Research Grant N000140811203. Additional funds for fieldwork were provided by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography and the Alaska SeaLife Center. We thank Phoebe Woodworth from the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center for producing Figure 3, Damon Holzer of the Northwest Fisheries Science Center for GIS analyses, and two anonymous reviewers for their comments. Tagging was undertaken under NMFS Scientific Research Permit No. 731-1774. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 8 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS PI MOLINE PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA SN 0167-5427 J9 AQUAT MAMM JI Aquat. Mamm. PY 2011 VL 37 IS 4 BP 506 EP 511 DI 10.1578/AM.37.4.2011.506 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 882DM UT WOS:000299541700008 ER PT J AU Wetz, MS Paerl, HW Taylor, JC Leonard, JA AF Wetz, Michael S. Paerl, Hans W. Taylor, J. Christopher Leonard, Jeremy A. TI Environmental controls upon picophytoplankton growth and biomass in a eutrophic estuary SO AQUATIC MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Picophytoplankton; Estuary; Microzooplankton; Mesozooplankton; Trophic cascade; Nutrients ID NEUSE RIVER ESTUARY; MICROBIAL FOOD-WEB; SALT-MARSH ESTUARY; NORTH-CAROLINA; PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH; COMMUNITY-STRUCTURE; TEMPERATE ESTUARY; DILUTION METHOD; COASTAL WATERS; FLORIDA BAY AB We assessed the role of top-down versus bottom-up factors in regulating picophytoplankton (PicoP) growth and overall phytoplankton size structure in a eutrophic estuary. PicoP biomass reached an annual maximum in summer/fall and was positively correlated with temperature. Ephemeral blooms (chlorophyll a > 20 mu g l(-1)) of PicoP were observed in the upper and middle regions of the estuary despite inorganic nitrogen concentrations < 1 mu mol l(-1). Nutrient-amended PicoP growth rates were similar to in situ growth rates in the upper estuary, and PicoP biomass was negatively correlated with river-derived inorganic nitrogen concentrations, indicating that regenerated nutrients are a major source of nitrogen supporting PicoP growth. Microzooplankton grazing rates routinely exceeded PicoP growth rates during summer; therefore, grazing must have become uncoupled from PicoP growth on timescales shorter than the interval between grazing experiments (i.e. 2 to 4 wk) for PicoP to have bloomed. Field data point to the possibility of trophic cascades involving copepods, protistan grazers, and phytoplankton as a mechanism for this growth-grazing uncoupling. These and other recent findings indicate that bottom-up factors alone cannot explain the PicoP blooms observed in some estuarine systems and emphasize the need for grazing control studies to better understand the regulation of primary production. C1 [Wetz, Michael S.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Life Sci, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Paerl, Hans W.; Leonard, Jeremy A.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Taylor, J. Christopher] NOAA, Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Wetz, MS (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Life Sci, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. EM michael.wetz@tamucc.edu FU National Research Council; North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources; Lower Neuse River Basin Association (ModMon); National Science Foundation [OCE 0726989, 0825466, 0812913]; North Carolina Sea Grant [R/MER-58] FX We thank Dr. A. Lewitus and 4 anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on the manuscript. We thank P. Wyrick, J. Braddy, M. Leonard, K. Rossignol, L. Kelly, N. Hall, and B. Peierls for technical assistance. M.S.W. was supported by a National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship. This research was funded by North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources and the Lower Neuse River Basin Association (ModMon), the National Science Foundation (Projects OCE 0726989, 0825466, 0812913), and the North Carolina Sea Grant (Project R/MER-58). NR 50 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 20 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0948-3055 J9 AQUAT MICROB ECOL JI Aquat. Microb. Ecol. PY 2011 VL 63 IS 2 BP 133 EP 143 DI 10.3354/ame01488 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 750WA UT WOS:000289577600004 ER PT J AU Herfort, L Peterson, TD McCue, LA Crump, BC Prahl, FG Baptista, AM Campbell, V Warnick, R Selby, M Roegner, GC Zuber, P AF Herfort, Lydie Peterson, Tawnya D. McCue, Lee Ann Crump, Byron C. Prahl, Fredrick G. Baptista, Antonio M. Campbell, Victoria Warnick, Rachel Selby, Mikaela Roegner, G. Curtis Zuber, Peter TI Myrionecta rubra population genetic diversity and its cryptophyte chloroplast specificity in recurrent red tides in the Columbia River estuary SO AQUATIC MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Myrionecta rubra; Red tide; Cryptophyte; Diversity; Columbia River estuary ID CILIATE MESODINIUM-RUBRUM; RNA; IDENTIFICATION; PERFORMANCE; MIGRATION; SEQUENCES; SAMPLES; GROWTH; PREY AB For several decades, annually recurring blooms of the photosynthetic ciliate Myrionecta rubra have been observed in the Columbia River estuary in late summer. In an effort to understand the dynamics of these blooms, we investigated the genetic variability of M. rubra and its cryptophyte plastids within 3 large estuarine blooms formed in consecutive years (2007 to 2009), and conducted a broader spatial survey along the coasts of Oregon and Washington. Analysis of the '18S-28S' sequences specific for Mesodiniidae uncovered at least 5 variants of M. rubra within the Columbia River coastal margin in spring and summer, but only one of these M. rubra variants was implicated in estuary bloom formation. Using a multigene approach, we show that the bloom-forming variant of M. rubra appears to harbor the same cryptophyte chloroplast in recurring blooms. Analyses of chloroplast 16S rRNA, cryptophyte RuBisCO and Photosystem II D2 genes together suggest that the plastid is derived from Teleaulax amphioxeia. Free-living cells of this species and of other cryptophytes were practically absent from the bloom patches in the estuary main channels based on 18S rDNA sequence analyses. The respectively low and high proportions of T. amphioxeia nuclei and chloroplast signals found in the M. rubra bloom of the Columbia River estuary in successive years supports the notion of an association (either endosymbiosis or kleptoplastidy) between T. amphioxeia and the bloom-forming M. rubra variant, with loss of cryptophyte nuclei. The genetic variability of M. rubra uncovered here is relevant to the controversy in the literature regarding the cryptophyte/M. rubra association. C1 [Herfort, Lydie; Peterson, Tawnya D.; Baptista, Antonio M.; Campbell, Victoria; Warnick, Rachel; Selby, Mikaela; Zuber, Peter] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Ctr Coastal Margin Observat & Predict, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. [Herfort, Lydie; Peterson, Tawnya D.; Baptista, Antonio M.; Campbell, Victoria; Warnick, Rachel; Selby, Mikaela; Zuber, Peter] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Div Environm & Biomol Syst, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. [McCue, Lee Ann] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Crump, Byron C.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. [Prahl, Fredrick G.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Roegner, G. Curtis] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Point Adams Res Stn, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Hammond, OR 97121 USA. RP Herfort, L (reprint author), Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Ctr Coastal Margin Observat & Predict, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. EM herfortl@ebs.ogi.edu OI McCue, Lee Ann/0000-0003-4456-517X; Baptista, Antonio/0000-0002-7641-5937 FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0424602]; Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research FX We thank the captain, crew and scientific party of the RV 'Barnes' and RV 'New Horizon', Michael Wilkin of Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Katie Rathmell (OHSU), Greta Klungness (OHSU) and Chris LaPointe (OHSU) for their help with sample collection in 2007 to 2009 and Paul Turner (OHSU) for his help with generating the map. This study was carried out within the context of the Science and Technology Center for Coastal Margin Observation & Prediction (CMOP) supported by the National Science Foundation (grant number OCE-0424602). A portion of the research was performed using resources at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. NR 37 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 9 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0948-3055 J9 AQUAT MICROB ECOL JI Aquat. Microb. Ecol. PY 2011 VL 62 IS 1 BP 85 EP U106 DI 10.3354/ame01460 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 702ZT UT WOS:000285935100009 ER PT S AU Lusardi, WR AF Lusardi, Wayne R. BE Ford, B TI Rock, Paper, Shipwreck! The Maritime Cultural Landscape of Thunder Bay SO ARCHAEOLOGY OF MARITIME LANDSCAPES SE When the Land Meets the Sea LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GREAT-LAKES C1 Thunder Bay Natl Marine Sanctuary, Alpena, MI 49707 USA. RP Lusardi, WR (reprint author), Thunder Bay Natl Marine Sanctuary, 500 W Fletcher St, Alpena, MI 49707 USA. EM wayne.lusardi@noaa.gov NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1869-6783 BN 978-1-4419-8209-4 J9 WHEN LAND MEETS SEA PY 2011 BP 81 EP 97 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-8210-0_5 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-8210-0 PG 17 WC Anthropology; Archaeology SC Anthropology; Archaeology GA BVI77 UT WOS:000291622200006 ER PT J AU Emmerich, SJ AF Emmerich, Steven J. TI Standard 62.2 Update SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Emmerich, SJ (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Emmerich, Steven/F-4661-2010 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 53 IS 1 BP 62 EP + PG 3 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 703OT UT WOS:000285988800011 ER PT S AU Healy, WM Ullah, T Roller, J AF Healy, William M. Ullah, Tania Roller, John GP ASHRAE TI Input-Output Approach to Predicting the Energy Efficiency of Residential Water Heaters-Testing of Gas Tankless and Electric Storage Water Heaters SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 2011, VOL 117, PT 2 SE ASHRAE Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the American-Society-of-Heating-Refrigerating-and-Air-Conditioning-Engineers (ASHRAE) CY JUN 25-29, 2011 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Soc Heating Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) AB A study was conducted to evaluate the potential for using a linear relationship between the power input to a residential water heater and the output of thermal energy in hot water for rating the energy efficiency of the unit. This approach has the potential for simplifying the currently used test method while providing information that can be used to predict performance under different demands. A gas tankless water heater and an electric storage water heater were tested under a range of output rates, and linear relationships were developed for each system. The equations were then used to predict the input required to provide particular output rates demanded by the user. The accuracy of these models was assessed against five different 24-hour simulated-use tests, consisting of the approach from the current test method and alternative profiles that involved more draws of hot water and varying amounts of daily hot water removed from the water heaters. Discrepancies between predicted water heater efficiencies and measured efficiencies indicate that a linear model relating input rate and output rate may not be appropriate for fully describing residential water heater performance. This paper discusses the challenges in applying a linear model for predicting the daily efficiency of a water heater. C1 [Healy, William M.; Ullah, Tania; Roller, John] NIST, Bldg Environm Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Healy, WM (reprint author), NIST, Bldg Environm Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2505 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 2011 VL 117 BP 521 EP 532 PN 2 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology GA BDC23 UT WOS:000312557900059 ER PT S AU Ferretti, NM Galler, MA Omar, F AF Ferretti, Natascha Milesi Galler, Michael A. Omar, Farhad GP ASHRAE TI Considerations for Incorporating Standby Power Measurement Requirements into DOE Test Procedures SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 2011, VOL 117, PT 2 SE ASHRAE Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the American-Society-of-Heating-Refrigerating-and-Air-Conditioning-Engineers (ASHRAE) CY JUN 25-29, 2011 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Soc Heating Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) AB This paper discusses the issue of standby power in the Department of Energy's (DOE) residential appliance test procedures. Section 1 introduces the DOE's legislative mandate, briefly discusses the increase in standby power use in residential appliances, and describes the global scale of this energy use. Section 2 describes the differences in the definitions for standby power and measurement methodologies among industrial, national, and international organizations. Section 3 presents a more detailed, component-level discussion of the sources of standby power use. Section 4 presents broader changes that can reduce energy use on the U. S. building stock, including appliance design, changes in user behavior, and policy measures that may serve as good examples to follow. In Section 5, the paper lists recommendations for the ongoing revisions of the DOE test procedures for three residential appliances (dishwashers, clothes dryers, and clothes washers). Section 6 presents conclusions. C1 [Ferretti, Natascha Milesi; Galler, Michael A.; Omar, Farhad] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ferretti, NM (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2505 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 2011 VL 117 BP 704 EP 712 PN 2 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology GA BDC23 UT WOS:000312557900073 ER PT J AU Blackwell-Whitehead, R Pavlenko, YV Nave, G Pickering, JC Jones, HRA Lyubchik, Y Nilsson, H AF Blackwell-Whitehead, R. Pavlenko, Y. V. Nave, G. Pickering, J. C. Jones, H. R. A. Lyubchik, Y. Nilsson, H. TI Infrared Mn I laboratory oscillator strengths for the study of late type stars and ultracool dwarfs SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE atomic data; line: identification; methods: laboratory; stars: late-type ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; NEUTRAL MANGANESE; MODEL ATMOSPHERES; SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS; ATOMIC DATA; LINE LIST; ABUNDANCES; OPACITIES; LIFETIMES AB Aims. The aim of our new laboratory measurements is to measure accurate absolute oscillator strengths for neutral manganese transitions in the infrared needed for the study of late-type stars and ultracool dwarfs. Methods. Branching fractions have been measured by high resolution Fourier transform spectroscopy and combined with radiative level lifetimes in the literature to yield oscillator strengths. Results. We present experimental oscillator strengths for 20 Mn I transitions in the wavelength range 3216 to 13 997 angstrom, 15 of which are in the infrared. The transitions at 12 899 angstrom and 12 975 angstrom are observed as strong features in the spectra of late-type stars and ultracool dwarfs. We have fitted our calculated spectra to the observed Mn I lines in spectra of late-type stars. Using the new experimentally measured Mn I log(gf) values together with existing data for Mn I hyperfine structure splitting factors we determined the manganese abundance to be log N(Mn) = -6.65 +/- 0.05 in the atmosphere of the Sun, log N(Mn) = 6.95 +/- 0.20 in the atmosphere of Arcturus, and log N(Mn) = -6.70 +/- 0.20 in the atmosphere of M 9.5 dwarf 2MASSW 0140026+270150. C1 [Blackwell-Whitehead, R.; Nilsson, H.] Lund Observ, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Blackwell-Whitehead, R.; Pickering, J. C.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Pavlenko, Y. V.; Jones, H. R. A.] Univ Hertfordshire, Ctr Astrophys Res, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Pavlenko, Y. V.; Lyubchik, Y.] Ukrainian Acad Sci, Main Astron Observ, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine. [Nave, G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Blackwell-Whitehead, R (reprint author), Lund Observ, Box 43, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. EM r.blackwell@astro.lu.se RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; OI Jones, Hugh/0000-0003-0433-3665 FU European Commission; Leverhulme Trust; STFC, UK; National Academy and Space Agency of Ukraine; Swedish Research Council FX We thank Drs. L. Prato and I. S. McLean for providing the 2MASSW 0140026+270150 spectrum. R. B. W. gratefully acknowledges the European Commission for a Marie Curie fellowship. J.C.P., Y.P. and H.R.A.J. gratefully acknowledge funding from the Leverhulme Trust and STFC, UK. The work of Y.P. and L.Y. was partially supported by the Microcosmophysics-2 program of the National Academy and Space Agency of Ukraine. H.N. acknowledges the support of the Linnaeus grant to the Lund Laser Centre from the Swedish Research Council. NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 525 AR A44 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201015006 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 692ZF UT WOS:000285193700066 ER PT J AU Mauritsen, T Sedlar, J Tjernstrom, M Leck, C Martin, M Shupe, M Sjogren, S Sierau, B Persson, POG Brooks, IM Swietlicki, E AF Mauritsen, T. Sedlar, J. Tjernstrom, M. Leck, C. Martin, M. Shupe, M. Sjogren, S. Sierau, B. Persson, P. O. G. Brooks, I. M. Swietlicki, E. TI An Arctic CCN-limited cloud-aerosol regime SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; OCEAN EXPEDITION; STRATUS CLOUDS; ANNUAL CYCLE; CLIMATE; STRATOCUMULUS; SUMMER; PRECIPITATION; MICROPHYSICS AB On average, airborne aerosol particles cool the Earth's surface directly by absorbing and scattering sunlight and indirectly by influencing cloud reflectivity, life time, thickness or extent. Here we show that over the central Arctic Ocean, where there is frequently a lack of aerosol particles upon which clouds may form, a small increase in aerosol loading may enhance cloudiness thereby likely causing a climatologically significant warming at the ice-covered Arctic surface. Under these low concentration conditions cloud droplets grow to drizzle sizes and fall, even in the absence of collisions and coalescence, thereby diminishing cloud water. Evidence from a case study suggests that interactions between aerosol, clouds and precipitation could be responsible for attaining the observed low aerosol concentrations. C1 [Mauritsen, T.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Sedlar, J.; Tjernstrom, M.; Leck, C.] Bert Bolin Ctr Climate Res, Stockholm, Sweden. [Sedlar, J.; Tjernstrom, M.; Leck, C.] Stockholm Univ, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Martin, M.; Sierau, B.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Shupe, M.; Persson, P. O. G.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Shupe, M.; Persson, P. O. G.] NOAA ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Sjogren, S.; Swietlicki, E.] Lund Univ, Lund, Sweden. [Brooks, I. M.] Univ Leeds, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. RP Mauritsen, T (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. EM thorsten.mauritsen@zmaw.de RI Swietlicki, Erik/B-9426-2014; Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011; Brooks, Ian/E-1378-2012; Mauritsen, Thorsten/G-5880-2013 OI Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982; Brooks, Ian/0000-0002-5051-1322; Mauritsen, Thorsten/0000-0003-1418-4077 FU Max Planck Society; Swedish Research Council; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; EU; US National Science Foundation; Natural Environmental Research Council FX We are grateful to Douglas Orsini, Bjorn Stevens, Lee Raymond and many others for practical and scientific input. This study was supported by the Max Planck Society. ASCOS is funded by the Swedish Research Council, the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, DAMOCLES (EU 6th Framework Program), the US National Science Foundation and the Natural Environmental Research Council. We are grateful for logistical support from the Swedish Polar Research Secretariat, and to Oden's Captain Mattias Peterson and his crew. NR 61 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 28 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 1 BP 165 EP 173 DI 10.5194/acp-11-165-2011 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 705ZO UT WOS:000286180200012 ER PT J AU McKendry, I Strawbridge, K Karumudi, ML O'Neill, N Macdonald, AM Leaitch, R Jaffe, D Cottle, P Sharma, S Sheridan, P Ogren, J AF McKendry, I. Strawbridge, K. Karumudi, M. L. O'Neill, N. Macdonald, A. M. Leaitch, R. Jaffe, D. Cottle, P. Sharma, S. Sheridan, P. Ogren, J. TI Californian forest fire plumes over Southwestern British Columbia: lidar, sunphotometry, and mountaintop chemistry observations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BIOMASS BURNING PARTICLES; ASIAN DUST; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; RAMAN LIDAR; INTEX-B; TRANSPORT; EVENT; SMOKE; AEROSOLS; WHISTLER AB Forest fires in Northern California and Oregon were responsible for two significant regional scale aerosol transport events observed in southern British Columbia during summer 2008. A combination of ground based (CORALNet) and satellite (CALIPSO) lidar, sunphotometry and high altitude chemistry observations permitted unprecedented characterization of forest fire plume height and mixing as well as description of optical properties and physico-chemistry of the aerosol. In southwestern BC, lidar observations show the smoke to be mixed through a layer extending to 5-6 km a.g.l. where the aerosol was confined by an elevated inversion in both cases. Depolarization ratios for a trans-Pacific dust event (providing a basis for comparison) and the two smoke events were consistent with observations of dust and smoke events elsewhere and permit discrimination of aerosol events in the region. Based on sunphotometry, the Aerosol Optical Thicknesses (AOT) reached maxima of similar to 0.7 and similar to 0.4 for the two events respectively. Dubovik-retrieval values of r(eff,f) during both the June/July and August events varied between about 0.13 and 0.15 mu m and confirm the dominance of accumulation mode size particles in the forest fire plumes. Both Whistler Peak and Mount Bachelor Observatory data show that smoke events are accompanied by elevated CO and O-3 concentrations as well as elevated K+/SO4 ratios. In addition to documenting the meteorology and physic-chemical characteristics of two regional scale biomass burning plumes, this study demonstrates the positive analytical synergies arising from the suite of measurements now in place in the Pacific Northwest, and complemented by satellite borne instruments. C1 [McKendry, I.; Cottle, P.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Strawbridge, K.] Environm Canada, Ctr Atmospher Res Expt, Sci & Technol Branch, Egbert, ON, Canada. [Karumudi, M. L.; O'Neill, N.] Univ Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. [Macdonald, A. M.; Leaitch, R.; Sharma, S.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Jaffe, D.] Univ Washington Bothell, Seattle, WA USA. [Sheridan, P.; Ogren, J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP McKendry, I (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, Vancouver, BC, Canada. EM ian@geog.ubc.ca RI Ogren, John/M-8255-2015 OI Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583 FU Environment Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council; BC Ministry of Environment; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences FX We are grateful for the financial and in-kind support provided by Environment Canada, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, the BC Ministry of Environment, and the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences. Special thanks also go to the University of British Columbia and in particular to Seane Trehearne at Totem Field, and Michael Travis and Bernard Firanski of Environment Canada. We are grateful for the constructive suggestions of two anonymous referees. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 15 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 2 BP 465 EP 477 DI 10.5194/acp-11-465-2011 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 713GE UT WOS:000286722300004 ER PT J AU Wood, R Mechoso, CR Bretherton, CS Weller, RA Huebert, B Straneo, F Albrecht, BA Coe, H Allen, G Vaughan, G Daum, P Fairall, C Chand, D Klenner, LG Garreaud, R Grados, C Covert, DS Bates, TS Krejci, R Russell, LM de Szoeke, S Brewer, A Yuter, SE Springston, SR Chaigneau, A Toniazzo, T Minnis, P Palikonda, R Abel, SJ Brown, WOJ Williams, S Fochesatto, J Brioude, J Bower, KN AF Wood, R. Mechoso, C. R. Bretherton, C. S. Weller, R. A. Huebert, B. Straneo, F. Albrecht, B. A. Coe, H. Allen, G. Vaughan, G. Daum, P. Fairall, C. Chand, D. Gallardo Klenner, L. Garreaud, R. Grados, C. Covert, D. S. Bates, T. S. Krejci, R. Russell, L. M. de Szoeke, S. Brewer, A. Yuter, S. E. Springston, S. R. Chaigneau, A. Toniazzo, T. Minnis, P. Palikonda, R. Abel, S. J. Brown, W. O. J. Williams, S. Fochesatto, J. Brioude, J. Bower, K. N. TI The VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx): goals, platforms, and field operations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEAST PACIFIC STRATOCUMULUS; LIQUID WATER PATH; DIURNAL CYCLE; TROPICAL PACIFIC; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; CELLULAR STRUCTURES; BOUNDARY-LAYER; OPEN CELLS; PART I; VARIABILITY AB The VAMOS(1) Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx) was an international field program designed to make observations of poorly understood but critical components of the coupled climate system of the southeast Pacific. This region is characterized by strong coastal upwelling, the coolest SSTs in the tropical belt, and is home to the largest subtropical stratocumulus deck on Earth. The field intensive phase of VOCALS-REx took place during October and November 2008 and constitutes a critical part of a broader CLIVAR program (VOCALS) designed to develop and promote scientific activities leading to improved understanding, model simulations, and predictions of the southeastern Pacific (SEP) coupled ocean-atmosphere-land system, on diurnal to interannual timescales. The other major components of VOCALS are a modeling program with a model hierarchy ranging from the local to global scales, and a suite of extended observations from regular research cruises, instrumented moorings, and satellites. The two central themes of VOCALS-REx focus upon (a) links between aerosols, clouds and precipitation and their impacts on marine stratocumulus radiative properties, and (b) physical and chemical couplings between the upper ocean and the lower atmosphere, including the role that mesoscale ocean eddies play. A set of hypotheses designed to be tested with the combined field, monitoring and modeling work in VOCALS is presented here. A further goal of VOCALS-REx is to provide datasets for the evaluation and improvement of large-scale numerical models. VOCALS-REx involved five research aircraft, two ships and two surface sites in northern Chile. We describe the instrument pay-loads and key mission strategies for these platforms and give a summary of the missions conducted. C1 [Wood, R.; Bretherton, C. S.; Chand, D.; Covert, D. S.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Mechoso, C. R.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Weller, R. A.; Straneo, F.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Huebert, B.] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Albrecht, B. A.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Coe, H.; Allen, G.; Vaughan, G.; Bower, K. N.] Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Daum, P.; Springston, S. R.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Fairall, C.; Brewer, A.; Brioude, J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Gallardo Klenner, L.; Garreaud, R.] Univ Chile, Dept Geofis, Santiago, Chile. [Bates, T. S.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Krejci, R.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Appl Environm Sci ITM, Stockholm, Sweden. [Russell, L. M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [de Szoeke, S.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Yuter, S. E.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Toniazzo, T.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 2AH, Berks, England. [Chaigneau, A.] Inst Rech Dev, Marseille, France. [Minnis, P.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Abel, S. J.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Brown, W. O. J.; Williams, S.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Fochesatto, J.] Univ Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Brioude, J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Palikonda, R.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. RP Wood, R (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM robwood@atmos.washington.edu RI Gallardo, Laura/H-4370-2013; Brioude, Jerome/E-4629-2011; Garreaud, Rene/I-6298-2016; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Minnis, Patrick/G-1902-2010; Wood, Robert/A-2989-2008; Abel, Steven/H-4880-2012; Allen, Grant /A-7737-2013; Coe, Hugh/C-8733-2013; Chaigneau, Alexis/E-4324-2010; Krejci, Radovan/L-3257-2013; Yuter, Sandra/E-8808-2015; Vaughan, Geraint/O-2459-2015; OI Gallardo, Laura/0000-0001-7605-3721; Minnis, Patrick/0000-0002-4733-6148; Wood, Robert/0000-0002-1401-3828; Abel, Steven/0000-0002-1330-4199; Allen, Grant /0000-0002-7070-3620; Krejci, Radovan/0000-0002-9384-9702; Yuter, Sandra/0000-0002-3222-053X; Vaughan, Geraint/0000-0002-0885-0398; Garreaud, Rene/0000-0002-7875-2443; Straneo, Fiammetta/0000-0002-1735-2366; Coe, Hugh/0000-0002-3264-1713 FU Natural Environment Research Council, UK; DoE [DE-AI02-07ER64546]; US National Science Foundation [OCE07-44245, ATM-0934275, ATM0748012, ATM-0749011, ATM-0746685, AGS-0745337, ATM-0744636, ATM-0839872, ATM-0749088, ATM-0745702, ATM-0745986, OCE-0744245, OCE-0741917]; US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA08OAR4320899, NA09OAR4310206, NA070AR4310282, NA08OAR4310597, NA08OAR4310566, GC08-252b]; NOAA [NA07OAR4310267, NA06OAR4310119, NA07OAR4310248]; NSF; US Office of Naval Research [PE 0602435, N000140810437]; Chilean FONDECYT [1109004, 1090412]; Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning [2007-1008]; Met Office (UK); UK Natural Environment Research Council [NE/F019874/1, NE/F018592/1]; NSF-NCAR [0301213] FX It is practically impossible to acknowledge all the people who have contributed to VOCALS, but we can try to pay tribute to the various groups that have dedicated their resources, efforts, sweat and tears to the planning and execution of the program. First, we need to thank the teams led by Bob Weller at WHOI that deployed and maintained with annual cruises the IMET buoy which has provided almost a decade of high quality meteorological, radiation and oceanographic measurements. Thanks to Chris Fairall and coworkers at ESRL, and the scientists involved in the EPIC Stratocumulus cruise, these ship-borne data have led to a wealth of scientific data. We are extremely grateful to the support staff, crew and scientists who helped make the VOCALS-REx a success. These include the PIs, support scientists and crews of the six aircraft platforms (the NSF/NCAR C-130, the UK FAAM BAe-146, the DoE G-1, the CIRPAS Twin Otter, the UK NERC Dornier 228, and, in the 2010 CUpEx phase, the Chilean DGAC King Air), the two ships (the NOAA Ronald H. Brown, and the Peruvian IMARPE Jose Olaya), and the land stations at Iquique and Paposo. The NCAR Earth Observing Laboratory is thanked for their dedication to coordinating and executing field logistics and data archive support for VOCALS REx. The cooperation of hosts and collaborators in Chile and Peru who provided various critical facilities and support during REx is gratefully acknowledged. These include dedicated staff from the Chilean Weather Service (DMC), Ana Maria Cordova at Universidad de Valparaiso, Ricardo Munoz, Jose Rutllant and fellow students at Universidad de Chile, Rosalino Fuenzalida, and fellow staff and students at Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile; Yamina Silva at Instituto Geofisico del Peru, Lima and Boris Dewitte at Laboratoire d'Etudes en Geophysique et Oceanographie Spatiales (LEGOS), Toulouse, France. Sounding operations were led by Tim Lim and quality control by Kate Young, both of NCAR/EOL. We also thank the Natural Environment Research Council, UK, for supporting the UK University contribution to VOCALS, and to FAAM, Directflight Ltd., Avalon Engineering Ltd, and ARSF, for providing the BAe146 and Dornier-228 aircraft respectively. Without the untiring efforts of the staff of these Facilities the science objectives of VOCALS would not have been met. The European Southern Observatory (ESO) are thanked for their help and support for measurements at Paranal. The NASA Langley GOES-10 analyses were supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction Program and the DoE Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Agreement DE-AI02-07ER64546.; Funding for VOCALS-REx was provided through the following grants: US National Science Foundation grants OCE07-44245, ATM-0934275, ATM0748012, ATM-0749011, ATM-0746685, AGS-0745337, ATM-0744636, ATM-0839872, ATM-0749088, ATM-0745702, ATM-0745986, OCE-0744245 and OCE-0741917; US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration grants NA08OAR4320899, NA09OAR4310206, NA070AR4310282, NA08OAR4310597, NA08OAR4310566, and GC08-252b; cooperative agreements between NOAA and NSF to fund logistics, operations and data archiving funded through NOAA grants NA07OAR4310267, NA06OAR4310119, and NA07OAR4310248; the US Office of Naval Research grants PE 0602435, N000140810437, and N000140810465; the Chilean FONDECYT grants 1109004 and 1090412; the Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning grant 2007-1008; The Met Office (UK); the UK Natural Environment Research Council grants NE/F019874/1 and NE/F018592/1; NSF-NCAR Cooperative Agreement: 0301213 Amendment 64 funded VOCALS Field Support; Meteo France. NR 53 TC 130 Z9 131 U1 0 U2 38 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 2 BP 627 EP 654 DI 10.5194/acp-11-627-2011 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 713GE UT WOS:000286722300016 ER PT J AU Turnbull, JC Karion, A Fischer, ML Faloona, I Guilderson, T Lehman, SJ Miller, BR Miller, JB Montzka, S Sherwood, T Saripalli, S Sweeney, C Tans, PP AF Turnbull, J. C. Karion, A. Fischer, M. L. Faloona, I. Guilderson, T. Lehman, S. J. Miller, B. R. Miller, J. B. Montzka, S. Sherwood, T. Saripalli, S. Sweeney, C. Tans, P. P. TI Assessment of fossil fuel carbon dioxide and other anthropogenic trace gas emissions from airborne measurements over Sacramento, California in spring 2009 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; UNITED-STATES; VERTICAL PROFILES; EXCHANGE; OZONE; SCALE; CALIBRATION; (CO2)-C-14; TRANSPORT; AEROSOLS AB Direct quantification of fossil fuel CO2 (CO(2)ff) in atmospheric samples can be used to examine several carbon cycle and air quality questions. We collected in situ CO2, CO, and CH4 measurements and flask samples in the boundary layer and free troposphere over Sacramento, California, USA, during two aircraft flights over and downwind of this urban area during spring of 2009. The flask samples were analyzed for Delta(CO2)-C-14 and CO2 to determine the recently added CO(2)ff mole fraction. A suite of greenhouse and other trace gases, including hydrocarbons and halocarbons, were measured in the same samples. Strong correlations were observed between CO(2)ff and numerous trace gases associated with urban emissions. From these correlations we estimate emission ratios between CO(2)ff and these species, and compare these with bottom-up inventory-derived estimates. Recent county level inventory estimates for carbon monoxide (CO) and benzene from the California Air Resources Board CEPAM database are in good agreement with our measured emission ratios, whereas older emissions inventories appear to overestimate emissions of these gases by a factor of two. For most other trace species, there are substantial differences (200-500%) between our measured emission ratios and those derived from available emission inventories. For the first flight, we combine in situ CO measurements with the measured CO:CO(2)ff emission ratio of 14 +/- 2 ppbCO/ppmCO(2) to derive an estimate of CO(2)ff mole fraction throughout this flight, and also estimate the biospheric CO2 mixing ratio (CO(2)bio) from the difference of total and fossil CO2. The resulting CO(2)bio varies dramatically from up to 8 +/- 2 ppm in the urban plume to -6 +/- 1 ppm in the surrounding boundary layer air. Finally, we use the in situ estimates of CO(2)ff mole fraction to infer total fossil fuel CO2 emissions from the Sacramento region, using a mass balance approach. The resulting emissions are uncertain to within a factor of two due to uncertainties in wind speed and boundary layer height. Nevertheless, this first attempt to estimate urban-scale CO(2)ff from atmospheric radiocarbon measurements shows that CO(2)ff can be used to verify and improve emission inventories for many poorly known anthropogenic species, separate biospheric CO2, and indicates the potential to constrain CO(2)ff emissions if transport uncertainties are reduced. C1 [Turnbull, J. C.; Karion, A.; Miller, B. R.; Miller, J. B.; Montzka, S.; Sweeney, C.; Tans, P. P.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Turnbull, J. C.; Lehman, S. J.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Karion, A.; Miller, B. R.; Miller, J. B.; Sweeney, C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fischer, M. L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Faloona, I.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Guilderson, T.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Sherwood, T.; Saripalli, S.] KalScott Engn, Lawrence, KS 66046 USA. RP Turnbull, JC (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jocelyn.turnbull@noaa.gov OI Miller, Benjamin/0000-0003-1647-0122; Turnbull, Jocelyn/0000-0002-0306-9658; Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400 FU US Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-FG02-04ER83986, DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX Aircraft infrastructure development and flight missions were supported by the Small Business Innovative Research program administered the US Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research to Kalscott Engineering (Lawrence, KS) contract No. DE-FG02-04ER83986, and to the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Thanks to Paula Zermeno for assistance and advice on 14CO2 sample preparation. Two anonymous reviewers provided helpful feedback on an earlier draft of this paper. NR 58 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 7 U2 33 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 2 BP 705 EP 721 DI 10.5194/acp-11-705-2011 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 713GE UT WOS:000286722300021 ER PT J AU Wolfe, GM Thornton, JA Bouvier-Brown, NC Goldstein, AH Park, JH Mckay, M Matross, DM Mao, J Brune, WH LaFranchi, BW Browne, EC Min, KE Wooldridge, PJ Cohen, RC Crounse, JD Faloona, IC Gilman, JB Kuster, WC de Gouw, JA Huisman, A Keutsch, FN AF Wolfe, G. M. Thornton, J. A. Bouvier-Brown, N. C. Goldstein, A. H. Park, J. -H. Mckay, M. Matross, D. M. Mao, J. Brune, W. H. LaFranchi, B. W. Browne, E. C. Min, K. -E. Wooldridge, P. J. Cohen, R. C. Crounse, J. D. Faloona, I. C. Gilman, J. B. Kuster, W. C. de Gouw, J. A. Huisman, A. Keutsch, F. N. TI The Chemistry of Atmosphere-Forest Exchange (CAFE) Model - Part 2: Application to BEARPEX-2007 observations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GASEOUS DRY DEPOSITION; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PONDEROSA PINE PLANTATION; GAS-PHASE CHEMISTRY; PEROXY NITRATES PAN; SIERRA-NEVADA; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; ISOPRENE OXIDATION; DECIDUOUS FOREST; HYDROXYL RADICALS AB In a companion paper, we introduced the Chemistry of Atmosphere-Forest Exchange (CAFE) model, a vertically-resolved 1-D chemical transport model designed to probe the details of near-surface reactive gas exchange. Here, we apply CAFE to noontime observations from the 2007 Biosphere Effects on Aerosols and Photochemistry Experiment (BEARPEX-2007). In this work we evaluate the CAFE modeling approach, demonstrate the significance of in-canopy chemistry for forest-atmosphere exchange and identify key shortcomings in the current understanding of intra-canopy processes. CAFE generally reproduces BEARPEX-2007 observations but requires an enhanced radical recycling mechanism to overcome a factor of 6 underestimate of hydroxyl (OH) concentrations observed during a warm (similar to 29 degrees C) period. Modeled fluxes of acyl peroxy nitrates (APN) are quite sensitive to gradients in chemical production and loss, demonstrating that chemistry may perturb forest-atmosphere exchange even when the chemical timescale is long relative to the canopy mixing timescale. The model underestimates peroxy acetyl nitrate (PAN) fluxes by 50% and the exchange velocity by nearly a factor of three under warmer conditions, suggesting that near-surface APN sinks are underestimated relative to the sources. Nitric acid typically dominates gross dry N deposition at this site, though other reactive nitrogen (NOy) species can comprise up to 28% of the N deposition budget under cooler conditions. Upward NO2 fluxes cause the net above-canopy NOy flux to be similar to 30% lower than the gross depositional flux. CAFE under-predicts ozone fluxes and exchange velocities by similar to 20%. Large uncertainty in the parameterization of cuticular and ground deposition precludes conclusive attribution of non-stomatal fluxes to chemistry or surface uptake. Model-measurement comparisons of vertical concentration gradients for several emitted species suggests that the lower canopy airspace may be only weakly coupled with the upper canopy. Future efforts to model forest-atmosphere exchange will require a more mechanistic understanding of non-stomatal deposition and a more thorough characterization of in-canopy mixing processes. C1 [Wolfe, G. M.; Thornton, J. A.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Wolfe, G. M.] Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bouvier-Brown, N. C.; Goldstein, A. H.; Park, J. -H.; Mckay, M.; Matross, D. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mao, J.; Brune, W. H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [LaFranchi, B. W.; Browne, E. C.; Min, K. -E.; Wooldridge, P. J.; Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Crounse, J. D.] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Faloona, I. C.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Gilman, J. B.; Kuster, W. C.; de Gouw, J. A.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Gilman, J. B.; de Gouw, J. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Huisman, A.; Keutsch, F. N.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI USA. RP Thornton, JA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM thornton@atmos.washington.edu RI de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Huisman, Andrew/K-6452-2013; Thornton, Joel/C-1142-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Browne, Eleanor/J-4517-2015; Wolfe, Glenn/D-5289-2011; Mao, Jingqiu/F-2511-2010; Crounse, John/E-4622-2011; Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Min, Kyung-Eun/I-2839-2013; Park, Jeong-Hoo/I-2923-2013; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Crounse, John/C-3700-2014; Keutsch, Frank/B-2391-2012 OI de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Thornton, Joel/0000-0002-5098-4867; Browne, Eleanor/0000-0002-8076-9455; Mao, Jingqiu/0000-0002-4774-9751; Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Crounse, John/0000-0001-5443-729X; FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0633897]; U.S.-EPA [FP-91698901] FX The authors acknowledge support from a National Science Foundation grant ATM-0633897. GMW was partially supported by a U.S.-EPA STAR Fellowship Assistance under Agreement No. FP-91698901. This work has not been formally reviewed by EPA. The views expressed in this work are solely those of the authors; EPA and NSF do not endorse any products or commercial services mentioned. The authors also thank F. Paulot for helpful discussions on isoprene oxidation, S. Fares for his insights on ozone fluxes and L. Ganzeveld, T. Karl and an anonymous referee for their critical feedback on both the model and the manuscript. NR 106 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 57 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 3 BP 1269 EP 1294 DI 10.5194/acp-11-1269-2011 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 721KW UT WOS:000287354100027 ER PT J AU Liu, D Allan, J Corris, B Flynn, M Andrews, E Ogren, J Beswick, K Bower, K Burgess, R Choularton, T Dorsey, J Morgan, W Williams, PI Coe, H AF Liu, D. Allan, J. Corris, B. Flynn, M. Andrews, E. Ogren, J. Beswick, K. Bower, K. Burgess, R. Choularton, T. Dorsey, J. Morgan, W. Williams, P. I. Coe, H. TI Carbonaceous aerosols contributed by traffic and solid fuel burning at a polluted rural site in Northwestern England SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS; VISIBLE-LIGHT ABSORPTION; PRIMARY OC/EC RATIOS; ORGANIC AEROSOLS; BLACK CARBON; SPECTRAL DEPENDENCE; ELEMENTAL CARBON; PARTICLES; IDENTIFICATION; COMPONENTS AB The experiment presented in this paper was conducted at the Holme Moss site, which is located in the southern Pennines region in Northwestern England during November-December 2006. The strong southwesterly wind during the experimental period, which enhanced the transport of urban pollutants from the conurbations of Greater Manchester and Liverpool, in addition to the seasonally increased nearby residential heating activities, made this site a receptor for pollutants from a range of sources. A factor analysis is applied to the mass spectra of organic matter (OM) measured by the Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) to attribute the pollutant sources. Besides the oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA), this site was found to contain a considerable fraction of primary organic aerosols (POA, mass fraction 50-70% within total mass of OM). The POA sources are attributed to be traffic emission and solid fuel burning, which are identified as hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA) and solid fuel organic aerosol (SFOA) respectively. There were strongly combined emissions of black carbon (BC) particles from both sources. The refractory BC component (rBC) was characterized by a single particle soot photometer. This site began to be influenced during the late morning by fresh traffic emissions, whereas solid fuel burning became dominant from late afternoon until night. A covariance analysis of rBC and POA was used to derive source specific emission factors of 1.61 mu gHOA/mu grBC and 1.96 mu gHOA/mu grBC. The absorbing properties of aerosols were characterized at multiple wavelengths (lambda), and a stronger spectral dependence of absorption was observed when this site was significantly influenced by solid fuel burning. The rBC was estimated to contribute 3-16% of submicron aerosol mass. The single scattering albedo at lambda = 700 nm (SSA(700 nm)) was significantly anti-correlated with the rBC mass fraction, but also associated with the BC mixing state. The BC incorporation/removal process therefore may play a role in modulating the radiative properties of aerosols at the site under the influence of fresh sources. Given that traffic and residential combustion of solid fuels are significant contributors of carbonaceous aerosols over Europe, these results provide important source-specific information on modeling the anthropogenic carbonaceous aerosols. C1 [Liu, D.; Allan, J.; Corris, B.; Flynn, M.; Beswick, K.; Bower, K.; Burgess, R.; Choularton, T.; Dorsey, J.; Morgan, W.; Williams, P. I.; Coe, H.] Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Allan, J.; Williams, P. I.] Univ Manchester, Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Andrews, E.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Andrews, E.; Ogren, J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Liu, D (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. EM dantong.liu@manchester.ac.uk RI Allan, James/B-1160-2010; Coe, Hugh/C-8733-2013; Ogren, John/M-8255-2015; Morgan, William/D-1690-2011; Liu, Dantong/E-6668-2017; OI Allan, James/0000-0001-6492-4876; Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583; Liu, Dantong/0000-0002-3879-2280; Choularton, Thomas/0000-0002-0409-4329; Coe, Hugh/0000-0002-3264-1713 FU Natural Environment Research Council [NE/E011101/1]; DOE [DE-A102-05ER63996] FX The work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council ADIENT project NE/E011101/1. The NERC National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS) Facility for Ground Atmospheric Measurements (FGAM) supported some of the instrumentation. Funding for E. Andrews and J. Ogren to participate in this project was supplied by DOE's ASP program under grant# DE-A102-05ER63996. DOE's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, under the auspices of the ASP program, also loaned some of the instruments used during the project. NR 59 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 19 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 4 BP 1603 EP 1619 DI 10.5194/acp-11-1603-2011 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 727JW UT WOS:000287795700015 ER PT J AU Fiore, AM Levy, H Jaffe, DA AF Fiore, A. M. Levy, H., II Jaffe, D. A. TI North American isoprene influence on intercontinental ozone pollution SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; GAS-PHASE CHEMISTRY; UNITED-STATES; BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS; SURFACE OZONE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; NONMETHANE HYDROCARBONS; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; REACTIVE NITROGEN; BOUNDARY-LAYER AB Changing land-use and climate may alter emissions of biogenic isoprene, a key ozone (O-3) precursor. Isoprene is also a precursor to peroxy acetyl nitrate (PAN) and thus affects partitioning among oxidized nitrogen (NOy) species, shifting the balance towards PAN, which more efficiently contributes to long-range transport relative to nitric acid (HNO3) which rapidly deposits. With a suite of sensitivity simulations in the MOZART-2 global tropospheric chemistry model, we gauge the relative importance of the intercontinental influence of a 20% increase in North American (NA) isoprene and a 20% decrease in NA anthropogenic emissions (nitrogen oxides (NOx), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) and NOx + NMVOC + carbon monoxide + aerosols). The surface O-3 response to NA isoprene emissions (Delta O-3_ISOP) in surface air over NA is about one third of the response to all NA anthropogenic emissions (Delta O-3_ANTH; although with different signs). Over intercontinental distances, Delta O-3_ISOP is relatively larger; in summer and fall, Delta O-3_ISOP in surface air over Europe and North Africa (EU region) is more than half of Delta O-3_ANTH. Future increases in NA isoprene emissions could thus offset decreases in EU surface O-3 resulting from controls on NA anthropogenic emissions. Over the EU region, Delta PAN_ISOP at 700 hPa is roughly the same magnitude as Delta PAN_ANTH (oppositely signed). Outside of the continental source region, the percentage changes in PAN are at least twice as large as for surface O-3, implying that long-term PAN measurements at high altitude sites may help to detect O-3 precursor emission changes. We find that neither the baseline level of isoprene emissions nor the fate of isoprene nitrates contributes to the large diversity in model estimates of the anthropogenic emission influence on intercontinental surface O-3 or oxidized nitrogen deposition reported in the recent TF HTAP multimodel studies (TFHTAP, 2007). C1 [Fiore, A. M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Levy, H., II; Jaffe, D. A.] Univ Washington Bothell, Dept Sci & Technol, Washington, DC USA. RP Fiore, AM (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. EM arlene.fiore@noaa.gov NR 76 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 26 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 4 BP 1697 EP 1710 DI 10.5194/acp-11-1697-2011 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 727JW UT WOS:000287795700021 ER PT J AU Qian, Y Flanner, MG Leung, LR Wang, W AF Qian, Y. Flanner, M. G. Leung, L. R. Wang, W. TI Sensitivity studies on the impacts of Tibetan Plateau snowpack pollution on the Asian hydrological cycle and monsoon climate SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID P 5079 M; SUMMER MONSOON; CARBONACEOUS PARTICLES; GLOBAL CLIMATE; AEROSOL; COVER; CHINA; GLACIERS; ALBEDO; MODEL AB The Tibetan Plateau (TP) has long been identified to be critical in regulating the Asian monsoon climate and hydrological cycle. In this modeling study a series of numerical experiments with a global climate model are designed to simulate radiative effect of black carbon (BC) and dust in snow, and to assess the relative impacts of anthropogenic CO2 and carbonaceous particles in the atmosphere and snow on the snowpack over the TP and subsequent impacts on the Asian monsoon climate and hydrological cycle. Simulations results show a large BC content in snow over the TP, especially the southern slope. Because of the high aerosol content in snow and large incident solar radiation in the low latitude and high elevation, the TP exhibits the largest surface radiative flux changes induced by aerosols (e.g. BC, Dust) in snow compared to any other snow-covered regions in the world. C1 [Qian, Y.; Leung, L. R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Flanner, M. G.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Wang, W.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Qian, Y (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM yun.qian@pnl.gov RI Flanner, Mark/C-6139-2011; qian, yun/E-1845-2011; Wang, Weiguo/B-4948-2009 OI Flanner, Mark/0000-0003-4012-174X; FU US Department of Energy's Office of Science Biological and Environmental Research; China Ministry of Science and Technology; NSF [ATM-0852775]; DOE Office of Science; Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RLO1830] FX We thank Jin-Ho Yoon for his internal review and constructive comments. This research is sponsored by the US Department of Energy's Office of Science Biological and Environmental Research under a bilateral agreement with the China Ministry of Science and Technology on regional climate research. Mark Flanner's work in this study is supported by NSF ATM-0852775. This study is also partly supported by the DOE Office of Science (BER)'s Cryosphere Project. PNNL is operated for the US DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO1830. NR 78 TC 90 Z9 95 U1 3 U2 45 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 5 BP 1929 EP 1948 DI 10.5194/acp-11-1929-2011 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 734VS UT WOS:000288368900006 ER PT J AU Paulot, F Wunch, D Crounse, JD Toon, GC Millet, DB DeCarlo, PF Vigouroux, C Deutscher, NM Abad, GG Notholt, J Warneke, T Hannigan, JW Warneke, C de Gouw, JA Dunlea, EJ De Maziere, M Griffith, DWT Bernath, P Jimenez, JL Wennberg, PO AF Paulot, F. Wunch, D. Crounse, J. D. Toon, G. C. Millet, D. B. DeCarlo, P. F. Vigouroux, C. Deutscher, N. M. Abad, G. Gonzalez Notholt, J. Warneke, T. Hannigan, J. W. Warneke, C. de Gouw, J. A. Dunlea, E. J. De Maziere, M. Griffith, D. W. T. Bernath, P. Jimenez, J. L. Wennberg, P. O. TI Importance of secondary sources in the atmospheric budgets of formic and acetic acids SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; GAS-PHASE OH; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY AFTIR; KNUDSEN CELL REACTOR; HETEROGENEOUS UPTAKE; INITIATED OXIDATION; HYDROXYL RADICALS; TEMPERATURE-RANGE; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS AB We present a detailed budget of formic and acetic acids, two of the most abundant trace gases in the atmosphere. Our bottom-up estimate of the global source of formic and acetic acids are similar to 1200 and similar to 1400 Gmol yr(-1), dominated by photochemical oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds, in particular isoprene. Their sinks are dominated by wet and dry deposition. We use the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model to evaluate this budget against an extensive suite of measurements from ground, ship and satellite-based Fourier transform spectrometers, as well as from several aircraft campaigns over North America. The model captures the seasonality of formic and acetic acids well but generally underestimates their concentration, particularly in the Northern midlatitudes. We infer that the source of both carboxylic acids may be up to 50% greater than our estimate and report evidence for a long-lived missing secondary source of carboxylic acids that may be associated with the aging of organic aerosols. Vertical profiles of formic acid in the upper troposphere support a negative temperature dependence of the reaction between formic acid and the hydroxyl radical as suggested by several theoretical studies. C1 [Paulot, F.; Wunch, D.; Wennberg, P. O.] CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Crounse, J. D.] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Toon, G. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Millet, D. B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [DeCarlo, P. F.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Vigouroux, C.; De Maziere, M.] Belgian Inst Space Aeron, Brussels, Belgium. [Deutscher, N. M.; Griffith, D. W. T.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Chem, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. [Abad, G. Gonzalez; Bernath, P.] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Notholt, J.; Warneke, T.] Inst Environm Phys, Bremen, Germany. [Hannigan, J. W.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Warneke, C.; de Gouw, J. A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [DeCarlo, P. F.; Warneke, C.; de Gouw, J. A.; Dunlea, E. J.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dunlea, E. J.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Paulot, F (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM paulot@caltech.edu RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Notholt, Justus/P-4520-2016; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Deutscher, Nicholas/E-3683-2015; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; DeCarlo, Peter/B-2118-2008; Paulot, Fabien/C-1002-2011; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Crounse, John/E-4622-2011; Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012; Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; Millet, Dylan/G-5832-2012; Crounse, John/C-3700-2014 OI Notholt, Justus/0000-0002-3324-885X; Gonzalez Abad, Gonzalo/0000-0002-8090-6480; Deutscher, Nicholas/0000-0002-2906-2577; DeCarlo, Peter/0000-0001-6385-7149; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X; Crounse, John/0000-0001-5443-729X FU NASA [NNX10AG65G, NNX08AD39G, NNG06GB32B]; Wild Fund; National Center for Earth Observation (NCEO); National Science Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); NOAA [NA08OAR4310565]; Danish Meteorological Institute; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [404/14-1]; Australian Department of Innovation, Industry, Science and Research, Internation Science Linkage [CG130014]; Canadian Space Agency; UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) through the National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO) FX The authors thank two anonymous referees and T. Stavrakou for their constructive comments. FP is supported by a NASA Earth and Space Science fellowship. GGA is supported by the Wild Fund and the National Center for Earth Observation (NCEO). DBM acknowledges support from NASA under Grant NNX10AG65G. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is supported by the National Science Foundation. The NCAR FTS observation program at Thule (GR) is supported under contract by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). This work is also supported by the NSF Office of Polar Programs (OPP). PFD, EJD and JLJ were supported by NASA NNX08AD39G and NOAA NA08OAR4310565. The authors wish to thank the Danish Meteorological Institute for support at the Thule site. JN acknowledges funding by the grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) NO 404/14-1. NMD and DWTG acknowledge support from the Australian Department of Innovation, Industry, Science and Research, Internation Science Linkage under Grant CG130014. CV and MDM acknowledge the PRODEX project SECPEA and the project AGACC from the Belgian Science Policy Office (contracts SD/AT/O1A and SD/AT/01B) for supporting the FTIR experiment at La Reunion. Part of this work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. The ACE mission is supported primarily by the Canadian Space Agency. Some support was also provided by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), through the National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO). Measurements of FA and AA during the INTEX-B and Milagro missions were supported by NASA under Grant NNG06GB32B. The authors are grateful to Stephen Arnold and Dominick Spracklen for providing the marine isoprene fluxes, and to Sheryl Akagi and Robert Yokelson for providing updated biomass burning and biofuel emission factors. The numerical simulations for this research were performed on Caltech's Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences Dell cluster. NR 156 TC 96 Z9 96 U1 11 U2 109 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 5 BP 1989 EP 2013 DI 10.5194/acp-11-1989-2011 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 734VS UT WOS:000288368900010 ER PT J AU Lee, SH Kim, SW Angevine, WM Bianco, L McKeen, SA Senff, CJ Trainer, M Tucker, SC Zamora, RJ AF Lee, S. -H. Kim, S. -W. Angevine, W. M. Bianco, L. McKeen, S. A. Senff, C. J. Trainer, M. Tucker, S. C. Zamora, R. J. TI Evaluation of urban surface parameterizations in the WRF model using measurements during the Texas Air Quality Study 2006 field campaign SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; DATA-ASSIMILATION; ATMOSPHERIC MODELS; FORECASTING-MODEL; CLIMATE MODEL; CANOPY MODEL; 2 CITIES; PART I; LAND; ENERGY AB The performance of different urban surface parameterizations in the WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) in simulating urban boundary layer (UBL) was investigated using extensive measurements during the Texas Air Quality Study 2006 field campaign. The extensive field measurements collected on surface (meteorological, wind profiler, energy balance flux) sites, a research aircraft, and a research vessel characterized 3-dimensional atmospheric boundary layer structures over the Houston-Galveston Bay area, providing a unique opportunity for the evaluation of the physical parameterizations. The model simulations were performed over the Houston metropolitan area for a summertime period (12-17 August) using a bulk urban parameterization in the Noah land surface model (original LSM), a modified LSM, and a single-layer urban canopy model (UCM). The UCM simulation compared quite well with the observations over the Houston urban areas, reducing the systematic model biases in the original LSM simulation by 1-2 degrees C in near-surface air temperature and by 200-400 m in UBL height, on average. A more realistic turbulent (sensible and latent heat) energy partitioning contributed to the improvements in the UCM simulation. The original LSM significantly overestimated the sensible heat flux (similar to 200 W m(-2)) over the urban areas, resulting in warmer and higher UBL. The modified LSM slightly reduced warm and high biases in near-surface air temperature (0.5-1 degrees C) and UBL height (similar to 100 m) as a result of the effects of urban vegetation. The relatively strong thermal contrast between the Houston area and the water bodies (Galveston Bay and the Gulf of Mexico) in the LSM simulations enhanced the sea/bay breezes, but the model performance in predicting local wind fields was similar among the simulations in terms of statistical evaluations. These results suggest that a proper surface representation (e.g. urban vegetation, surface morphology) and explicit parameterizations of urban physical processes are required for accurate urban atmospheric numerical modeling. C1 [Lee, S. -H.; Kim, S. -W.; Angevine, W. M.; Bianco, L.; McKeen, S. A.; Senff, C. J.; Tucker, S. C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lee, S. -H.; Kim, S. -W.; Angevine, W. M.; Bianco, L.; McKeen, S. A.; Senff, C. J.; Trainer, M.; Tucker, S. C.; Zamora, R. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Lee, SH (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM sang-hyun.lee@noaa.gov RI Lee, Sang-Hyun/B-5974-2013; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; McKeen, Stuart/H-9516-2013; Angevine, Wayne/H-9849-2013; Senff, Christoph/I-2592-2013; Kim, Si-Wan/I-3979-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Angevine, Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116; Kim, Si-Wan/0000-0002-7889-189X; FU NOAA FX The authors would like to thank Bryan Lambeth from the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) for providing surface observation data and La Porte wind profiler data. The authors are grateful to Song-Yoo Hong from Yonsei University and three anonymous reviewers for their comments that improved the manuscript. The authors wish to acknowledge support from NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere research program. NR 69 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 50 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2127 EP 2143 DI 10.5194/acp-11-2127-2011 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 734VS UT WOS:000288368900018 ER PT J AU Corazza, M Bergamaschi, P Vermeulen, AT Aalto, T Haszpra, L Meinhardt, F O'Doherty, S Thompson, R Moncrieff, J Popa, E Steinbacher, M Jordan, A Dlugokencky, E Bruhl, C Krol, M Dentener, F AF Corazza, M. Bergamaschi, P. Vermeulen, A. T. Aalto, T. Haszpra, L. Meinhardt, F. O'Doherty, S. Thompson, R. Moncrieff, J. Popa, E. Steinbacher, M. Jordan, A. Dlugokencky, E. Bruehl, C. Krol, M. Dentener, F. TI Inverse modelling of European N2O emissions: assimilating observations from different networks SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NITROUS-OXIDE; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; OZONE; GASES AB We describe the setup and first results of an inverse modelling system for atmospheric N2O, based on a four-dimensional variational (4DVAR) technique and the atmospheric transport zoom model TM5. We focus in this study on the European domain, utilizing a comprehensive set of quasi-continuous measurements over Europe, complemented by N2O measurements from the Earth System Research Laboratory of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA/ESRL) cooperative global air sampling network. Despite ongoing measurement comparisons among networks parallel measurements at a limited number of stations show that significant offsets exist among the different laboratories. Since the spatial gradients of N2O mixing ratios are of the same order of magnitude as these biases, the direct use of these biased datasets would lead to significant errors in the derived emissions. Therefore, in order to also use measurements with unknown offsets, a new bias correction scheme has been implemented within the TM5-4DVAR inverse modelling system, thus allowing the simultaneous assimilation of observations from different networks. The N2O bias corrections determined in the TM5-4DVAR system agree within similar to 0.1 ppb (dry-air mole fraction) with the bias derived from the measurements at monitoring stations where parallel NOAA discrete air samples are available. The N2O emissions derived for the northwest European and east European countries for 2006 show good agreement with the bottom-up emission inventories reported to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Moreover, the inverse model can significantly narrow the uncertainty range reported in N2O emission inventories for these countries, while the lack of measurements does not allow to reduce the uncertainties of emission estimates in southern Europe. Several sensitivity experiments were performed to test the robustness of the results. It is shown that also inversions without detailed a priori spatio-temporal emission distributions are capable to reproduce major regional emission patterns within the footprint of the existing atmospheric network, demonstrating the strong constraints of the atmospheric observations on the derived emissions. C1 [Corazza, M.; Bergamaschi, P.; Dentener, F.] European Commiss Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21027 Ispra, Va, Italy. [Vermeulen, A. T.; Popa, E.] Energy Res Ctr Netherlands ECN, Petten, Netherlands. [Aalto, T.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Haszpra, L.] Hungarian Meteorol Serv, Budapest, Hungary. [Meinhardt, F.] Umweltbundesamt UBA, Messstelle Schauinsland, Kirchzarten, Germany. [O'Doherty, S.] Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Bristol, Avon, England. [Thompson, R.] LSCE, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Moncrieff, J.] Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Steinbacher, M.] Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol Empa, Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Jordan, A.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Jena, Germany. [Dlugokencky, E.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Bruehl, C.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Krol, M.] Wageningen Univ & Res Ctr WUR, Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Corazza, M (reprint author), European Commiss Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21027 Ispra, Va, Italy. EM matteo.corazza@jrc.ec.europa.eu RI Corazza, Matteo/B-6085-2012; Krol, Maarten/E-3414-2013; Aalto, Tuula/P-6183-2014; Vermeulen, Alex/A-2867-2015; Popa, Maria Elena/B-8834-2014; Steinbacher, Martin/B-7424-2009 OI Corazza, Matteo/0000-0003-3610-1666; Aalto, Tuula/0000-0002-3264-7947; Vermeulen, Alex/0000-0002-8158-8787; Thompson, Rona/0000-0001-9485-7176; Popa, Maria Elena/0000-0001-7957-0329; Steinbacher, Martin/0000-0002-7195-8115 FU European Commission [017841-2]; Hungarian Scientific Research Fund [CK77550] FX We thank Suvi Monni and John van Aardenne for discussions and support with the EDGARv4.0 database. We are grateful to Adrian Leip and Bernd Gugele for discussion of uncertainties of UNFCCC emissions. We thank Arjo Segers for support of the TM5 modeling framework and for preprocessing the ECMWF meteo data. This work has been supported by the European Commission RTD project NitroEurope-IP, contract number 017841-2, 6th Framework Programme. We are grateful to Ronnie Robertson for his diligent flask sampling at Sumburgh Head, Shetland Isles, and to Martin Heimann for processing and screening the sampled data at this site. The Swiss National Air Pollution Monitoring Network (NABEL) is run by Empa in joint collaboration with the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment. We thank Zoltan Barcza, and Istvan Szilagyi for their sampling at Hegyhatsal. Significant support for the operation of Hegyhatsal has been provided by the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (project number CK77550). NR 31 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2381 EP 2398 DI 10.5194/acp-11-2381-2011 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 734VS UT WOS:000288368900031 ER PT J AU Bon, DM Ulbrich, IM de Gouw, JA Warneke, C Kuster, WC Alexander, ML Baker, A Beyersdorf, AJ Blake, D Fall, R Jimenez, JL Herndon, SC Huey, LG Knighton, WB Ortega, J Springston, S Vargas, O AF Bon, D. M. Ulbrich, I. M. de Gouw, J. A. Warneke, C. Kuster, W. C. Alexander, M. L. Baker, A. Beyersdorf, A. J. Blake, D. Fall, R. Jimenez, J. L. Herndon, S. C. Huey, L. G. Knighton, W. B. Ortega, J. Springston, S. Vargas, O. TI Measurements of volatile organic compounds at a suburban ground site (T1) in Mexico City during the MILAGRO 2006 campaign: measurement comparison, emission ratios, and source attribution SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PROTON-TRANSFER-REACTION; POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; REACTION-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; FACTOR-ANALYTIC MODELS; URBAN BACKGROUND SITE; ENGLAND AIR-QUALITY; PTR-MS MEASUREMENTS; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; SOURCE IDENTIFICATION AB Volatile organic compound (VOC) mixing ratios were measured with two different instruments at the T1 ground site in Mexico City during the Megacity Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations (MILAGRO) campaign in March of 2006. A gas chromatograph with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) quantified 18 light alkanes, alkenes and acetylene while a proton-transfer-reaction ion-trap mass spectrometer (PIT-MS) quantified 12 VOC species including oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) and aromatics. A GC separation system was used in conjunction with the PIT-MS (GC-PIT-MS) to evaluate PIT-MS measurements and to aid in the identification of unknown VOCs. The VOC measurements are also compared to simultaneous canister samples and to two independent proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometers (PTR-MS) deployed on a mobile and an airborne platform during MILAGRO. VOC diurnal cycles demonstrate the large influence of vehicle traffic and liquid propane gas (LPG) emissions during the night and photochemical processing during the afternoon. Emission ratios for VOCs and OVOCs relative to CO are derived from early-morning measurements. Average emission ratios for non-oxygenated species relative to CO are on average a factor of similar to 2 higher than measured for US cities. Emission ratios for OVOCs are estimated and compared to literature values the northeastern US and to tunnel studies in California. Positive matrix factorization analysis (PMF) is used to provide insight into VOC sources and processing. Three PMF factors were distinguished by the analysis including the emissions from vehicles, the use of liquid propane gas and the production of secondary VOCs + long-lived species. Emission ratios to CO calculated from the results of PMF analysis are compared to emission ratios calculated directly from measurements. The total PIT-MS signal is summed to estimate the fraction of identified versus unidentified VOC species. C1 [Bon, D. M.; de Gouw, J. A.; Warneke, C.; Kuster, W. C.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bon, D. M.; Ulbrich, I. M.; de Gouw, J. A.; Warneke, C.; Fall, R.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bon, D. M.; Ulbrich, I. M.; Fall, R.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Alexander, M. L.; Ortega, J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Baker, A.; Beyersdorf, A. J.; Blake, D.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Herndon, S. C.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA USA. [Huey, L. G.; Vargas, O.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Knighton, W. B.] Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Springston, S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP de Gouw, JA (reprint author), NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM joost.degouw@noaa.gov RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Baker, Angela /A-1666-2011; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Beyersdorf, Andreas/N-1247-2013; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Baker, Angela K./0000-0001-7845-422X FU US Environmental Protection Agency [FP-9163901-0]; National Science Foundation [ATM-0516610, ATM-0513035] FX This publication was also developed under a STAR Research Assistance Agreement No. FP-9163901-0 awarded by the US Environmental Protection Agency. It has not been formally reviewed by the EPA. The views expressed in this publication or other work are solely those of its authors. The EPA does not endorse any products or commercial services mentioned in this publication. This work was also financially supported by the National Science Foundation under grants ATM-0516610 and ATM-0513035. NR 74 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 4 U2 66 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 6 BP 2399 EP 2421 DI 10.5194/acp-11-2399-2011 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 742YW UT WOS:000288982300001 ER PT J AU Brock, CA Cozic, J Bahreini, R Froyd, KD Middlebrook, AM McComiskey, A Brioude, J Cooper, OR Stohl, A Aikin, KC de Gouw, JA Fahey, DW Ferrare, RA Gao, RS Gore, W Holloway, JS Hubler, G Jefferson, A Lack, DA Lance, S Moore, RH Murphy, DM Nenes, A Novelli, PC Nowak, JB Ogren, JA Peischl, J Pierce, RB Pilewskie, P Quinn, PK Ryerson, TB Schmidt, KS Schwarz, JP Sodemann, H Spackman, JR Stark, H Thomson, DS Thornberry, T Veres, P Watts, LA Warneke, C Wollny, AG AF Brock, C. A. Cozic, J. Bahreini, R. Froyd, K. D. Middlebrook, A. M. McComiskey, A. Brioude, J. Cooper, O. R. Stohl, A. Aikin, K. C. de Gouw, J. A. Fahey, D. W. Ferrare, R. A. Gao, R-S. Gore, W. Holloway, J. S. Huebler, G. Jefferson, A. Lack, D. A. Lance, S. Moore, R. H. Murphy, D. M. Nenes, A. Novelli, P. C. Nowak, J. B. Ogren, J. A. Peischl, J. Pierce, R. B. Pilewskie, P. Quinn, P. K. Ryerson, T. B. Schmidt, K. S. Schwarz, J. P. Sodemann, H. Spackman, J. R. Stark, H. Thomson, D. S. Thornberry, T. Veres, P. Watts, L. A. Warneke, C. Wollny, A. G. TI Characteristics, sources, and transport of aerosols measured in spring 2008 during the aerosol, radiation, and cloud processes affecting Arctic Climate (ARCPAC) Project SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FOREST-FIRE PLUMES; LONG-TERM TRENDS; BLACK CARBON; AIR-POLLUTION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SEA-ICE; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; AIRCRAFT MEASUREMENTS; AIRBORNE OBSERVATIONS; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS AB We present an overview of the background, scientific goals, and execution of the Aerosol, Radiation, and Cloud Processes affecting Arctic Climate (ARCPAC) project of April 2008. We then summarize airborne measurements, made in the troposphere of the Alaskan Arctic, of aerosol particle size distributions, composition, and optical properties and discuss the sources and transport of the aerosols. The aerosol data were grouped into four categories based on gas-phase composition. First, the background troposphere contained a relatively diffuse, sulfate-rich aerosol extending from the top of the sea-ice inversion layer to 7.4 km altitude. Second, a region of depleted (relative to the background) aerosol was present within the surface inversion layer over sea-ice. Third, layers of dense, organic-rich smoke from open biomass fires in southern Russia and southeastern Siberia were frequently encountered at all altitudes from the top of the inversion layer to 7.1 km. Finally, some aerosol layers were dominated by components originating from fossil fuel combustion. Of these four categories measured during ARCPAC, the diffuse background aerosol was most similar to the average springtime aerosol properties observed at a long-term monitoring site at Barrow, Alaska. The biomass burning (BB) and fossil fuel layers were present above the sea-ice inversion layer and did not reach the sea-ice surface during the course of the ARCPAC measurements. The BB aerosol layers were highly scattering and were moderately hygroscopic. On average, the layers produced a noontime net heating of similar to 0.1K day(-1) between 3 and 7 km and a slight cooling at the surface. The ratios of particle mass to carbon monoxide (CO) in the BB plumes, which had been transported over distances >5000 km, were comparable to the high end of literature values derived from previous measurements in wildfire smoke. These ratios suggest minimal precipitation scavenging and removal of the BB particles between the time they were emitted and the time they were observed in dense layers above the sea-ice inversion layer. C1 [Brock, C. A.; Cozic, J.; Bahreini, R.; Froyd, K. D.; Middlebrook, A. M.; McComiskey, A.; Brioude, J.; Cooper, O. R.; Aikin, K. C.; de Gouw, J. A.; Fahey, D. W.; Gao, R-S.; Holloway, J. S.; Huebler, G.; Jefferson, A.; Lack, D. A.; Lance, S.; Murphy, D. M.; Novelli, P. C.; Nowak, J. B.; Ogren, J. A.; Peischl, J.; Ryerson, T. B.; Schwarz, J. P.; Spackman, J. R.; Stark, H.; Thomson, D. S.; Thornberry, T.; Veres, P.; Watts, L. A.; Warneke, C.; Wollny, A. G.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Cozic, J.; Bahreini, R.; Froyd, K. D.; McComiskey, A.; Brioude, J.; Cooper, O. R.; Aikin, K. C.; de Gouw, J. A.; Fahey, D. W.; Holloway, J. S.; Huebler, G.; Lack, D. A.; Lance, S.; Nowak, J. B.; Peischl, J.; Schwarz, J. P.; Spackman, J. R.; Stark, H.; Thomson, D. S.; Thornberry, T.; Veres, P.; Watts, L. A.; Warneke, C.; Wollny, A. G.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Stohl, A.; Sodemann, H.] Norsk Inst Luftforskning, Kjeller, Norway. [Ferrare, R. A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Gore, W.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Moore, R. H.; Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Pierce, R. B.] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Madison, WI USA. [Quinn, P. K.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Schmidt, K. S.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Brock, CA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM charles.a.brock@noaa.gov RI Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Veres, Patrick/E-7441-2010; Jefferson, Anne/K-4793-2012; SCHMIDT, KONRAD SEBASTIAN/C-1258-2013; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Hubler, Gerhard/E-9780-2010; Cooper, Owen/H-4875-2013; Froyd, Karl/H-6607-2013; Thornberry, Troy/H-7106-2013; Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Aikin, Kenneth/I-1973-2013; McComiskey, Allison/I-3933-2013; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Moore, Richard/E-9653-2010; Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Brioude, Jerome/E-4629-2011; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; Lance, Sara/A-4834-2011; Lack, Daniel/I-9053-2012; Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Nowak, John/B-1085-2008; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Cozic, Julie/A-5464-2011; Watts, Laurel/G-4532-2013; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Ogren, John/M-8255-2015; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X; SCHMIDT, KONRAD SEBASTIAN/0000-0003-3899-228X; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; McComiskey, Allison/0000-0002-6125-742X; Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807; Watts, Laurel/0000-0002-0834-3329; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895; FU NOAA [NA06OAR4310085, NA04OAR4310088]; NASA [NNX08AQ99G]; NSF; Swiss National Science Foundation [PBBE22-119260]; Research Council of Norway; University of Maryland FX This work was supported by NOAA's Climate Change and Air Quality Programs. P. Pilewskie and S. Schmidt were supported by NOAA under award NA06OAR4310085. A. Nenes and R. Moore were supported by NOAA award NA04OAR4310088 and NASA award NNX08AQ99G. A. Nenes was also supported by a NSF Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) Program award, and R. Moore by a DOE Global Change Education Program Graduate Research Fellowship. S. Lance was supported by the US National Research Council under a Research Associateships Program fellowship, and J. Cozic by the Swiss National Science Foundation under award PBBE22-119260. A. Stohl and H. Sodemann were supported by the Research Council of Norway in the framework of POLARCAT. MODIS hotspot data provided courtesy of NASA and the University of Maryland. Thanks to Jim Roberts, Andy Neuman, and Bob Stone for constructive comments on the manuscript, to the collaborating ISDAC, ARCTAS, ICEALOT, and other POLARCAT participants, and to Everts Air in Fairbanks, Alaska for outstanding logistical support. Finally, a special note of thanks to Glen Shaw and Bill Simpson of the University of Alaska at Fairbanks, who led enthusiastic material, scientific, and institutional support for all of the IPY projects in Fairbanks. NR 161 TC 79 Z9 82 U1 9 U2 65 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 6 BP 2423 EP 2453 DI 10.5194/acp-11-2423-2011 PG 31 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 742YW UT WOS:000288982300002 ER PT J AU Sommariva, R Brown, SS Roberts, JM Brookes, DM Parker, AE Monks, PS Bates, TS Bon, D de Gouw, JA Frost, GJ Gilman, JB Goldan, PD Herndon, SC Kuster, WC Lerner, BM Osthoff, HD Tucker, SC Warneke, C Williams, EJ Zahniser, MS AF Sommariva, R. Brown, S. S. Roberts, J. M. Brookes, D. M. Parker, A. E. Monks, P. S. Bates, T. S. Bon, D. de Gouw, J. A. Frost, G. J. Gilman, J. B. Goldan, P. D. Herndon, S. C. Kuster, W. C. Lerner, B. M. Osthoff, H. D. Tucker, S. C. Warneke, C. Williams, E. J. Zahniser, M. S. TI Ozone production in remote oceanic and industrial areas derived from ship based measurements of peroxy radicals during TexAQS 2006 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; HO2 CHEMISTRY; AIR-QUALITY; MACE-HEAD; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; INSTRUMENT; OH; TROPOSPHERE; TRANSPORT; IRELAND AB During the Texas Air Quality Study II (TexAQS 2006) campaign, a PEroxy Radical Chemical Amplifier (PERCA) was deployed on the NOAA research vessel R/V Brown to measure total peroxy radicals (HO(2)+Sigma RO(2)). Day-time mixing ratios of HO(2)+Sigma RO(2) between 25 and 110 ppt were observed throughout the study area - the Houston/Galveston region and the Gulf coast of the US - and analyzed in relation to measurements of nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds (VOC) and photolysis rates to assess radical sources and sinks in the region. The measurements of HO(2)+Sigma RO(2) were used to calculate the in-situ net photochemical formation of ozone. Measured median values ranged from 0.6 ppb/h in clean oceanic air masses up to several tens of ppb/h in the most polluted industrial areas. The results are consistent with previous studies and generally agree with observations made during the previous TexAQS 2000 field campaign. The net photochemical ozone formation rates determined at Barbours Cut, a site immediately south of the Houston Ship Channel, were analyzed in relation to local wind direction and VOC reactivity to understand the relationship between ozone formation and local VOC emissions. The measurements of HO(2)+Sigma RO(2) made during the R/V Brown TexAQS 2006 cruise indicate that ozone formation is NO(x)-limited in the Houston/Galveston region and influenced by highly reactive hydrocarbons, especially alkenes from urban and industrial sources and their photo-oxidation products, such as formaldehyde. C1 [Sommariva, R.; Brown, S. S.; Roberts, J. M.; Bon, D.; de Gouw, J. A.; Frost, G. J.; Gilman, J. B.; Goldan, P. D.; Kuster, W. C.; Lerner, B. M.; Osthoff, H. D.; Tucker, S. C.; Warneke, C.; Williams, E. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Sommariva, R.; Bon, D.; de Gouw, J. A.; Frost, G. J.; Gilman, J. B.; Goldan, P. D.; Kuster, W. C.; Lerner, B. M.; Osthoff, H. D.; Tucker, S. C.; Warneke, C.; Williams, E. J.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Brookes, D. M.; Parker, A. E.; Monks, P. S.] Univ Leicester, Dept Chem, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Bates, T. S.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Herndon, S. C.; Zahniser, M. S.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. RP Sommariva, R (reprint author), Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. EM r.sommariva@uea.ac.uk RI Monks, Paul/H-6468-2016; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Williams, Eric/F-1184-2010; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Frost, Gregory/I-1958-2013; Lerner, Brian/H-6556-2013; Sommariva, Roberto/M-5361-2014; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008 OI Osthoff, Hans/0000-0001-7155-6493; Monks, Paul/0000-0001-9984-4390; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; Lerner, Brian/0000-0001-8721-8165; Sommariva, Roberto/0000-0002-2728-5814; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826 FU Texas Commission on Environmental Quality FX We would like to thank the crew of the NOAA R/V Brown for their help and assistance during the field campaign; S. Ciciora, W. P. Dube, G. Hubler, T. Thompson for help with shipping and setting up the PERCA instrument; J. B. Burkholder for help in the determination of methyl iodide photolysis rate; T. Thornberry for software used in the data analysis. W. H. Brune, M. Martinez, H. Harder and P. Di Carlo for the TexAQS 2000 data. This work was supported by a grant from the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 6 BP 2471 EP 2485 DI 10.5194/acp-11-2471-2011 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 742YW UT WOS:000288982300004 ER PT J AU Jaegle, L Quinn, PK Bates, TS Alexander, B Lin, JT AF Jaegle, L. Quinn, P. K. Bates, T. S. Alexander, B. Lin, J. -T. TI Global distribution of sea salt aerosols: new constraints from in situ and remote sensing observations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; EXPERIMENT ACE 1; OPTICAL-THICKNESS; PARTICLE DEPOSITION; VERTICAL PROFILES; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; PACIFIC OCEANS; WIND-SPEED; MODEL; CLIMATE AB We combine in situ measurements of sea salt aerosols (SS) from open ocean cruises and ground-based stations together with aerosol optical depth (AOD) observations from MODIS and AERONET, and the GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model to provide new constraints on SS emissions over the world's oceans. We find that the GEOS-Chem model using the Gong (2003) source function overestimates cruise observations of coarse mode SS mass concentrations by factors of 2-3 at high wind speeds over the cold waters of the Southern, North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans. Furthermore, the model systematically underestimates SS over the warm tropical waters of the Central Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans. This pattern is confirmed by SS measurements from a global network of 15 island and coastal stations. The model discrepancy at high wind speeds (>6 m s(-1)) has a clear dependence on sea surface temperature (SST). We use the cruise observations to derive an empirical SS source function depending on both wind speed and SST. Implementing this new source function in GEOS-Chem results in improved agreement with in situ observations, with a decrease in the model bias from +64% to +33% for the cruises and from +32% to -5% for the ground-based sites. We also show that the wind speed-SST source function significantly improves agreement with MODIS and AERONET AOD, and provides an explanation for the high AOD observed over the tropical oceans. With the wind speed-SST formulation, global SS emissions show a small decrease from 5200 Mg yr(-1) to 4600 Mg yr(-1), while the SS burden decreases from 9.1 to 8.5 mg m(-2). The spatial distribution of SS, however, is greatly affected, with the SS burden increasing by 50% in the tropics and decreasing by 40% at mid- and high-latitudes. Our results imply a stronger than expected halogen source from SS in the tropical marine boundary layer. They also imply stronger radiative forcing of SS in the tropics and a larger response of SS emissions to climate change than previously thought. C1 [Jaegle, L.; Alexander, B.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Quinn, P. K.; Bates, T. S.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA USA. [Lin, J. -T.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Jaegle, L (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jaegle@uw.edu RI Lin, Jintai/A-8872-2012; Alexander, Becky/N-7048-2013; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI Lin, Jintai/0000-0002-2362-2940; Alexander, Becky/0000-0001-9915-4621; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 FU NASA [NNX08AK49G] FX This work was supported by funding from the NASA Atmospheric Composition Modeling and Analysis Program under award NNX08AK49G. This paper has benefited from discussions with Tad Anderson and Rob Wood. We acknowledge the MODIS and QuikSCAT mission scientists and science teams for the production of the data used in this analysis. We thank the AERONET PIs and their staff for establishing and maintaining the sites used in this investigation. NR 94 TC 130 Z9 133 U1 9 U2 49 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 7 BP 3137 EP 3157 DI 10.5194/acp-11-3137-2011 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 750LN UT WOS:000289548200008 ER PT J AU Huang, M Carmichael, GR Spak, SN Adhikary, B Kulkarni, S Cheng, Y Wei, C Tang, Y D'Allura, A Wennberg, PO Huey, GL Dibb, JE Jimenez, JL Cubison, MJ Weinheimer, AJ Kaduwela, A Cai, C Wong, M Pierce, RB Al-Saadi, JA Streets, DG Zhang, Q AF Huang, M. Carmichael, G. R. Spak, S. N. Adhikary, B. Kulkarni, S. Cheng, Y. Wei, C. Tang, Y. D'Allura, A. Wennberg, P. O. Huey, G. L. Dibb, J. E. Jimenez, J. L. Cubison, M. J. Weinheimer, A. J. Kaduwela, A. Cai, C. Wong, M. Pierce, R. Bradley Al-Saadi, J. A. Streets, D. G. Zhang, Q. TI Multi-scale modeling study of the source contributions to near-surface ozone and sulfur oxides levels over California during the ARCTAS-CARB period SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AIR-QUALITY; UNITED-STATES; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; EMISSIONS; NOX; SENSITIVITY; HYDROCARBON; DISTRIBUTIONS; VARIABILITY; TROPOSPHERE AB Chronic high surface ozone (O-3) levels and the increasing sulfur oxides (SOx = SO2+SO4) ambient concentrations over South Coast (SC) and other areas of California (CA) are affected by both local emissions and long-range transport. In this paper, multi-scale tracer, full-chemistry and adjoint simulations using the STEM atmospheric chemistry model are conducted to assess the contribution of local emission sourcesto SC O-3 and to evaluate the impacts of transported sulfur and local emissions on the SC sulfur budget-during the ARCTAS-CARB experiment period in 2008. Sensitivity simulations quantify contributions of biogenic and fire emissions to SC O-3 levels. California biogenic and fire emissions contribute 3-4 ppb to near-surface O-3 over SC, with larger contributions to other regions in CA. During a long-range transport event from Asia starting from 22 June, high SOx levels (up to similar to 0.7 ppb of SO2 and similar to 1.3 ppb of SO4) is observed above similar to 6 km, but they did not affect CA surface air quality. The elevated SOx observed at 1-4 km is estimated to enhance surface SOx over SC by similar to 0.25 ppb (upper limit) on similar to 24 June. The near-surface SOx levels over SC during the flight week are attributed mostly to local emissions. Two anthropogenic SOx emission inventories (EIs) from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are compared and applied in 60 km and 12 km chemical transport simulations, and the results are compared with observations. The CARB EI shows improvements over the National Emission Inventory (NEI) by EPA, but generally underestimates surface SC SOx by about a factor of two. Adjoint sensitivity analysis indicated that SO2 levels at 00:00 UTC (17:00 local time) at six SC surface sites were influenced by previous day maritime emissions over the ocean, the terrestrial emissions over nearby urban areas, and by transported SO2 from the north through both terrestrial and maritime areas. Overall maritime emissions contribute 10-70% of SO2 and 20-60% fine SO4 on-shore and over the most terrestrial areas, with contributions decreasing with inland distance from the coast. Maritime emissions also modify the photochemical environment, shifting O-3 production over coastal SC to more VOC-limited conditions. These suggest an important role for shipping emission controls in reducing fine particle and O-3 concentrations in SC. C1 [Huang, M.; Carmichael, G. R.; Spak, S. N.; Adhikary, B.; Kulkarni, S.; Cheng, Y.; Wei, C.] Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Adhikary, B.] Kathmandu Univ, Sch Engn, Dhulikhel, Nepal. [Tang, Y.] NOAA, NOAA NCEP EMC, Camp Springs, MD USA. [D'Allura, A.] ARIANET Srl, Milan, Italy. [Wennberg, P. O.] CALTECH, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wennberg, P. O.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Huey, G. L.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Dibb, J. E.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Jimenez, J. L.; Cubison, M. J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Weinheimer, A. J.] NCAR, Boulder, CO USA. [Kaduwela, A.; Cai, C.] Calif Air Resource Board, Sacramento, CA USA. [Wong, M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pierce, R. Bradley] NOAA NESDIS, Madison, WI USA. [Al-Saadi, J. A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Streets, D. G.; Zhang, Q.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Huang, M (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM mhuang1@engineering.uiowa.edu RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; wei, chao/E-4379-2011; Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Cheng, Yafang/F-9362-2010; Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012; Zhang, Qiang/D-9034-2012; Spak, Scott/B-7331-2008; hui, wanghui/C-5671-2008; OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; Kaduwela, Ajith/0000-0002-7236-2698; Cheng, Yafang/0000-0003-4912-9879; Spak, Scott/0000-0002-8545-1411; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 FU NASA [NNX08AH56G, NNX08AD39G] FX We would like to thank the ARCTAS science team and two anonymous reviewers. We thank Tianfeng Chai (NOAA/OAR/ARL) for helping with the STEM adjoint model. This work was supported by a NASA award (NNX08AH56G). Jose L. Jimenez and Michael J. Cubison were supported by NASA NNX08AD39G. The authors would also like to acknowledge NOAA, the US EPA and CARB for support of the ground measurements. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official NOAA or US Government position, policy, or decision. NR 38 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 7 BP 3173 EP 3194 DI 10.5194/acp-11-3173-2011 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 750LN UT WOS:000289548200010 ER PT J AU Bousquet, P Ringeval, B Pison, I Dlugokencky, EJ Brunke, EG Carouge, C Chevallier, F Fortems-Cheiney, A Frankenberg, C Hauglustaine, DA Krummel, PB Langenfelds, RL Ramonet, M Schmidt, M Steele, LP Szopa, S Yver, C Viovy, N Ciais, P AF Bousquet, P. Ringeval, B. Pison, I. Dlugokencky, E. J. Brunke, E. -G. Carouge, C. Chevallier, F. Fortems-Cheiney, A. Frankenberg, C. Hauglustaine, D. A. Krummel, P. B. Langenfelds, R. L. Ramonet, M. Schmidt, M. Steele, L. P. Szopa, S. Yver, C. Viovy, N. Ciais, P. TI Source attribution of the changes in atmospheric methane for 2006-2008 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL VEGETATION MODEL; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; METHYL CHLOROFORM; TRANSPORT; EMISSIONS; CH4; CO2; OH; CONSTRAINTS; INVERSIONS AB The recent increase of atmospheric methane is investigated by using two atmospheric inversions to quantify the distribution of sources and sinks for the 2006-2008 period, and a process-based model of methane emissions by natural wetland ecosystems. Methane emissions derived from the two inversions are consistent at a global scale: emissions are decreased in 2006 (-7 Tg) and increased in 2007 (+21 Tg) and 2008 (+18 Tg), as compared to the 1999-2006 period. The agreement on the latitudinal partition of the flux anomalies for the two inversions is fair in 2006, good in 2007, and not good in 2008. In 2007, a positive anomaly of tropical emissions is found to be the main contributor to the global emission anomalies (similar to 60-80%) for both inversions, with a dominant share attributed to natural wetlands (similar to 2/3), and a significant contribution from high latitudes (similar to 25%). The wetland ecosystem model produces smaller and more balanced positive emission anomalies between the tropics and the high latitudes for 2006, 2007 and 2008, mainly due to precipitation changes during these years. At a global scale, the agreement between the ecosystem model and the inversions is good in 2008 but not satisfying in 2006 and 2007. Tropical South America and Boreal Eurasia appear to be major contributors to variations in methane emissions consistently in the inversions and the ecosystem model. Finally, changes in OH radicals during 2006-2008 are found to be less than 1% in inversions, with only a small impact on the inferred methane emissions. C1 [Bousquet, P.; Ringeval, B.; Pison, I.; Carouge, C.; Chevallier, F.; Fortems-Cheiney, A.; Hauglustaine, D. A.; Ramonet, M.; Schmidt, M.; Szopa, S.; Yver, C.; Viovy, N.; Ciais, P.] CEA CNRS UVSQ, IPSL LSCE, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Bousquet, P.] Univ Versailles St Quentin Yvelines, Versailles, France. [Dlugokencky, E. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Brunke, E. -G.] S African Weather Serv, Stellenbosch, South Africa. [Frankenberg, C.; Langenfelds, R. L.; Steele, L. P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Bousquet, P (reprint author), CEA CNRS UVSQ, IPSL LSCE, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM philippe.bousquet@lsce.ipsl.fr RI Langenfelds, Raymond/B-5381-2012; Krummel, Paul/A-4293-2013; Chevallier, Frederic/E-9608-2016; Steele, Paul/B-3185-2009; Szopa, Sophie/F-8984-2010; Carouge, Claire/A-4755-2012; Frankenberg, Christian/A-2944-2013; OI Krummel, Paul/0000-0002-4884-3678; Chevallier, Frederic/0000-0002-4327-3813; Steele, Paul/0000-0002-8234-3730; Szopa, Sophie/0000-0002-8641-1737; Carouge, Claire/0000-0002-0313-8385; Frankenberg, Christian/0000-0002-0546-5857; Ringeval, Bruno/0000-0001-8405-1304 FU French CNRS; EU; CNRS-INSU FX French Atomic agency (CEA) and Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE) are to be thanked for providing computing time to this work. Part of this work is funded by French CNRS and by EU projects HYMN (Peter van Velthoven) and NITROEUROPE (inversion component: Peter Bergamaschi). We acknowledge G. Van der Werf for providing CH4 emissions from fires and J. Kaplan for providing the CH4 emission maps from wetlands, to the NITROEUROPE project. We acknowledge the TRANSCOM community for the region map used in this work. Nathalie de Noblet (LSCE) and Pierre Friedlingstein (University of Bristol/LSCE) must be thanked for fruitful discussion on ORCHIDEE model. C. Prigent (Paris observatory) and F. Papa (GISS/USA) can be thanked to have provided the inundation maps used in ORCHIDEE model for 1993-2000.; The publication of this article is financed by CNRS-INSU. NR 52 TC 108 Z9 111 U1 4 U2 64 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 8 BP 3689 EP 3700 DI 10.5194/acp-11-3689-2011 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 756MC UT WOS:000290014300008 ER PT J AU Nevison, CD Dlugokencky, E Dutton, G Elkins, JW Fraser, P Hall, B Krummel, PB Langenfelds, RL O'Doherty, S Prinn, RG Steele, LP Weiss, RF AF Nevison, C. D. Dlugokencky, E. Dutton, G. Elkins, J. W. Fraser, P. Hall, B. Krummel, P. B. Langenfelds, R. L. O'Doherty, S. Prinn, R. G. Steele, L. P. Weiss, R. F. TI Exploring causes of interannual variability in the seasonal cycles of tropospheric nitrous oxide SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; POLAR VORTEX; SOURCE GAS; N2O; STRATOSPHERE; OZONE; MODEL; AIR; EMISSIONS; O-2/N-2 AB Seasonal cycles in the mixing ratios of tropospheric nitrous oxide (N2O) are derived by detrending long-term measurements made at sites across four global surface monitoring networks. The detrended monthly data display large interannual variability, which at some sites challenges the concept of a "mean" seasonal cycle. In the Northern Hemisphere, correlations between polar winter lower stratospheric temperature and detrended N2O data, around the month of the seasonal minimum, provide empirical evidence for a stratospheric influence, which varies in strength from year to year and can explain much of the interannual variability in the surface seasonal cycle. Even at sites where a strong, competing, regional N2O source exists, such as from coastal upwelling at Trinidad Head, California, the stratospheric influence must be understood to interpret the biogeochemical signal in monthly mean data. In the Southern Hemisphere, detrended surface N2O monthly means are correlated with polar spring lower stratospheric temperature in months preceding the N2O minimum, providing empirical evidence for a coherent stratospheric influence in that hemisphere as well, in contrast to some recent atmospheric chemical transport model (ACTM) results. Correlations between the phasing of the surface N2O seasonal cycle in both hemispheres and both polar lower stratospheric temperature and polar vortex break-up date provide additional support for a stratospheric influence. The correlations discussed above are generally more evident in high-frequency in situ data than in data from weekly flask samples. Furthermore, the interannual variability in the N2O seasonal cycle is not always correlated among in situ and flask networks that share common sites, nor do the mean seasonal amplitudes always agree. The importance of abiotic influences such as the stratospheric influx and tropospheric transport on N2O seasonal cycles suggests that, at sites remote from local sources, surface N2O mixing ratio data by themselves are unlikely to provide information about seasonality in surface sources, e. g., for atmospheric inversions, unless the ACTMs employed in the inversions accurately account for these influences. An additional abioitc influence is the seasonal ingassing and outgassing of cooling and warming surface waters, which creates a thermal signal in tropospheric N2O that is of particular importance in the extratropical Southern Hemisphere, where it competes with the biological ocean source signal. C1 [Nevison, C. D.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dlugokencky, E.; Dutton, G.; Elkins, J. W.; Hall, B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Dutton, G.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fraser, P.; Krummel, P. B.; Langenfelds, R. L.; Steele, L. P.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. [O'Doherty, S.] Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Bristol, Avon, England. [Prinn, R. G.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Ctr Global Change Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Weiss, R. F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Nevison, CD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM nevison@colorado.edu RI Steele, Paul/B-3185-2009; Langenfelds, Raymond/B-5381-2012; Krummel, Paul/A-4293-2013 OI Steele, Paul/0000-0002-8234-3730; Krummel, Paul/0000-0002-4884-3678 FU NASA [NNX08AB48G] FX CDN acknowledges support from NASA grant NNX08AB48G and thanks Paul Newman and Eric Nash for stratospheric data and Farahnaz Khosrawi, Qing Liang and Ralph Keeling for helpful comments. The authors are deeply grateful to the many people, from many organisations around the world, who have contributed to the production of the excellent N2O datasets that have made this study possible. These include the people who diligently collect flask air samples, those who analyze the flask samples, and those staff who maintain the optimal operation and calibration of in situ instruments at baseline sites. NR 43 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 8 BP 3713 EP 3730 DI 10.5194/acp-11-3713-2011 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 756MC UT WOS:000290014300010 ER PT J AU Fry, JL Kiendler-Scharr, A Rollins, AW Brauers, T Brown, SS Dorn, HP Dube, WP Fuchs, H Mensah, A Rohrer, F Tillmann, R Wahner, A Wooldridge, PJ Cohen, RC AF Fry, J. L. Kiendler-Scharr, A. Rollins, A. W. Brauers, T. Brown, S. S. Dorn, H. -P. Dube, W. P. Fuchs, H. Mensah, A. Rohrer, F. Tillmann, R. Wahner, A. Wooldridge, P. J. Cohen, R. C. TI SOA from limonene: role of NO3 in its generation and degradation SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; ATMOSPHERE SIMULATION CHAMBER; POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; VAPOR-PRESSURES; ALPHA-PINENE; MODEL; MONOTERPENES AB The formation of organic nitrates and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) were monitored during the NO3 + limonene reaction in the atmosphere simulation chamber SAPHIR at Research Center Julich. The 24-h run began in a purged, dry, particle-free chamber and comprised two injections of limonene and oxidants, such that the first experiment measured SOA yield in the absence of seed aerosol, and the second experiment yields in the presence of 10 mu g m(-3) seed organic aerosol. After each injection, two separate increases in aerosol mass were observed, corresponding to sequential oxidation of the two limonene double bonds. Analysis of the measured NO3, limonene, product nitrate concentrations, and aerosol properties provides mechanistic insight and constrains rate constants, branching ratios and vapor pressures of the products. The organic nitrate yield from NO3 + limonene is approximate to 30%. The SOA mass yield was observed to be 25-40%. The first injection is reproduced by a kinetic model. PMF analysis of the aerosol composition suggests that much of the aerosol mass results from combined oxidation by both O-3 and NO3, e. g., oxidation of NO3 + limonene products by O-3. Further, later aerosol nitrate mass seems to derive from heterogeneous uptake of NO3 onto unreacted aerosol alkene. C1 [Fry, J. L.; Rollins, A. W.; Wooldridge, P. J.; Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kiendler-Scharr, A.; Brauers, T.; Dorn, H. -P.; Mensah, A.; Rohrer, F.; Tillmann, R.; Wahner, A.] Forschungszentrum Julich, IEK Troposphare 8, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Brown, S. S.; Dube, W. P.; Fuchs, H.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Cohen, RC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rccohen@berkeley.edu RI Kiendler-Scharr, Astrid/E-8439-2011; Rollins, Andrew/G-7214-2012; Dube, William/I-1658-2013; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Fuchs, Hendrik/I-9157-2012; Wahner, Andreas/J-4129-2012; Mensah, Amewu/D-2275-2015; Dorn, Hans-Peter/B-3054-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Rohrer, Franz/I-2052-2012; Brauers, Theo/A-8444-2008; Tillmann, Ralf/I-9203-2012 OI Kiendler-Scharr, Astrid/0000-0003-3166-2253; Dube, William/0000-0003-1286-4087; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Fuchs, Hendrik/0000-0003-1263-0061; Wahner, Andreas/0000-0001-8948-1928; Dorn, Hans-Peter/0000-0001-5945-7708; Rohrer, Franz/0000-0003-3436-3419; Brauers, Theo/0000-0001-6671-8566; Tillmann, Ralf/0000-0003-0648-6622 FU NSF [ATM-0639847, NSF ATM-0511829]; SAPHIR at Forschungszentrum Julich; European Network of Excellence ACCENT [GOCE CT-2004-505337]; EUROCHAMP FX The Berkeley authors were supported by NSF ATM-0639847 and NSF ATM-0511829. The authors thank the entire SAPHIR NO3 intercomparison campaign team, June 2007 at Forschungszentrum Julich, for their support of these experiments. This work was a joint activity of the European Network of Excellence ACCENT (contract no: GOCE CT-2004-505337) and EUROCHAMP. NR 58 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 5 U2 71 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 8 BP 3879 EP 3894 DI 10.5194/acp-11-3879-2011 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 756MC UT WOS:000290014300022 ER PT J AU Bonisch, H Engel, A Birner, T Hoor, P Tarasick, DW Ray, EA AF Boenisch, H. Engel, A. Birner, Th. Hoor, P. Tarasick, D. W. Ray, E. A. TI On the structural changes in the Brewer-Dobson circulation after 2000 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; STRATOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; LOWERMOST STRATOSPHERE; TRACER CORRELATIONS; QUANTIFYING TRANSPORT; NITROUS-OXIDE; PIPE MODEL; TROPOPAUSE; OZONE; TROPOSPHERE AB In this paper we present evidence that the observed increase in tropical upwelling after the year 2000 may be attributed to a change in the Brewer-Dobson circulation pattern. For this purpose, we use the concept of transit times derived from residual circulation trajectories and different in-situ measurements of ozone and nitrous dioxide. Observations from the Canadian midlatitude ozone profile record, probability density functions of in-situ N(2)O observations and a shift of the N(2)O-O(3) correlation slopes, taken together, indicate that the increased upwelling in the tropics after the year 2000 appears to have triggered an intensification of tracer transport from the tropics into the extra-tropics in the lower stratosphere below about 500 K. This finding is corroborated by the fact that transit times along the shallow branch of the residual circulation into the LMS have decreased for the same time period (1993-2003). On a longer time scale (1979-2009), the transit time of the shallow residual circulation branch show a steady decrease of about -1 month/decade over the last 30 yr, while the transit times of the deep branch remain unchanged. This highlights that changes in the upwelling across the tropical tropopause are not sufficient as an indicator for changes in the entire Brewer-Dobson circulation. C1 [Boenisch, H.; Engel, A.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Atmospher & Environm Sci, Frankfurt, Germany. [Birner, Th.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hoor, P.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Atmospher Phys, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. [Tarasick, D. W.] Environm Canada, Downsview, ON, Canada. [Ray, E. A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Ray, E. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bonisch, H (reprint author), Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Atmospher & Environm Sci, Frankfurt, Germany. EM boenisch@iau.uni-frankfurt.de RI Birner, Thomas/A-2108-2008; Ray, Eric/D-5941-2013; hoor, peter/G-5421-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Engel, Andreas/E-3100-2014; OI Birner, Thomas/0000-0002-2966-3428; Ray, Eric/0000-0001-8727-9849; hoor, peter/0000-0001-6582-6864; Engel, Andreas/0000-0003-0557-3935; Tarasick, David/0000-0001-9869-0692 FU DFG [EN 367/9-1] FX This work was supported by the DFG research group SHARP under grant number EN 367/9-1. In particular, we would like to thank Heini Wernli, who facilitated the reanalysis of the meteorology and the back-trajectory calculations for the STREAM data set. Access to JRA25 data, originally generated by the cooperative research project of the JRA-25 long-term reanalysis by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and the Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), was provided through NCAR. NR 53 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 22 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 8 BP 3937 EP 3948 DI 10.5194/acp-11-3937-2011 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 756MC UT WOS:000290014300025 ER PT J AU Wang, H Rasch, PJ Feingold, G AF Wang, H. Rasch, P. J. Feingold, G. TI Manipulating marine stratocumulus cloud amount and albedo: a process-modelling study of aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions in response to injection of cloud condensation nuclei SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; SOUTHEAST PACIFIC STRATOCUMULUS; MESOSCALE CELLULAR STRUCTURES; BOUNDARY-LAYER; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; VOCALS-REX; PART II; MICROPHYSICS; ENHANCEMENT; DRIZZLE AB We use a cloud-system-resolving model to study marine-cloud brightening. We examine how injected aerosol particles that act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) are transported within the marine boundary layer and how the additional particles in clouds impact cloud microphysical processes, and feedback on dynamics. Results show that the effectiveness of cloud brightening depends strongly on meteorological and background aerosol conditions. Cloud albedo enhancement is very effective in a weakly precipitating boundary layer and in CCN-limited conditions preceded by heavy and/or persistent precipitation. The additional CCN help sustain cloud water by weakening the precipitation substantially in the former case and preventing the boundary layer from collapse in the latter. For a given amount of injected CCN, the injection method (i.e., number and distribution of sprayers) is critical to the spatial distribution of these CCN. Both the areal coverage and the number concentration of injected particles are key players but neither one always emerges as more important than the other. The same amount of injected material is much less effective in either strongly precipitating clouds or polluted clouds, and it is ineffective in a relatively dry boundary layer that supports clouds of low liquid water path. In the polluted case and "dry" case, the CCN injection increases drop number concentration but lowers supersaturation and liquid water path. As a result, the cloud experiences very weak albedo enhancement, regardless of the injection method. C1 [Wang, H.; Rasch, P. J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Feingold, G.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Wang, H (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM hailong.wang@pnl.gov RI Wang, Hailong/B-8061-2010; Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Wang, Hailong/0000-0002-1994-4402; FU University of Calgary; NOAA FX This research has been funded by the Fund for Innovative Climate and Energy Research (FICER) at the University of Calgary (HW and PJR), and NOAA's Climate Goal program (GF). This does not constitute endorsement of deployment in any form of geoengineering by the funding agencies. We thank John Latham for helpful discussion and comments. Robert Wood and an anonymous referee are thanked for their insightful reviews and valuable comments. NR 33 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 26 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 9 BP 4237 EP 4249 DI 10.5194/acp-11-4237-2011 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 764GT UT WOS:000290618600016 ER PT J AU Murphy, DM Chow, JC Leibensperger, EM Malm, WC Pitchford, M Schichtel, BA Watson, JG White, WH AF Murphy, D. M. Chow, J. C. Leibensperger, E. M. Malm, W. C. Pitchford, M. Schichtel, B. A. Watson, J. G. White, W. H. TI Decreases in elemental carbon and fine particle mass in the United States SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC AEROSOL FORMATION; DIESEL VEHICLES; AIR-QUALITY; EMISSIONS; PROTOCOL; TRENDS AB Observations at national parks and other remote sites show that average elemental carbon and fine particle mass concentrations in the United States both decreased by over 25% between 1990 and 2004. Percentage decreases in elemental carbon were much larger in winter than in summer. These data suggest that emissions controls have been effective in reducing particulate concentrations not only in polluted areas but also across the United States. Despite the reduction in elemental carbon, the simultaneous decrease in non-absorbing particles implies that the overall radiative forcing from these changes was toward warming. The use of a 2005 instead of 1990 as a baseline for climate-relevant emissions from the United States would imply a significantly lower baseline for aerosol emissions. The use of older data will overestimate the possibility for future reductions in warming due to black carbon controls. C1 [Murphy, D. M.] Div Chem Sci, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Chow, J. C.; Watson, J. G.] Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Leibensperger, E. M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Malm, W. C.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Pitchford, M.] Air Resources Lab, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Schichtel, B. A.] Colorado State Univ, Natl Pk Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [White, W. H.] Univ Calif Davis, Crocker Nucl Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Murphy, DM (reprint author), Div Chem Sci, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM daniel.m.murphy@noaa.gov RI Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Watson, John/E-6869-2010 OI Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; White, Warren H/0000-0001-7323-7867; Watson, John/0000-0002-1752-6899 FU NOAA; EPA; National Park Service [C2350-06-4026] FX The authors acknowledge the federal and state sponsors of the IMPROVE network that make possible the generation and public availability of the data upon which this work depends. The IMPROVE program and steering committee are described at: http://vista.cira.colostate.edu/improve/. D. M. M. was supported by NOAA climate change funding. E. M. L. was supported by an EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Graduate Fellowship. W. H. W. was supported by National Park Service contract C2350-06-4026. We thank John Ogren and Betsy Andrews of NOAA ESRL Global Monitoring Division for reprocessing their Trinidad Head data. The views presented herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the policies of the agencies. NR 31 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 19 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 10 BP 4679 EP 4686 DI 10.5194/acp-11-4679-2011 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 770NU UT WOS:000291094500006 ER PT J AU Nair, PJ Godin-Beekmann, S Pazmino, A Hauchecorne, A Ancellet, G Petropavlovskikh, I Flynn, LE Froidevaux, L AF Nair, P. J. Godin-Beekmann, S. Pazmino, A. Hauchecorne, A. Ancellet, G. Petropavlovskikh, I. Flynn, L. E. Froidevaux, L. TI Coherence of long-term stratospheric ozone vertical distribution time series used for the study of ozone recovery at a northern mid-latitude station SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HALOGEN OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT; DIAL MEASUREMENTS; DATA SET; SAGE-II; TRENDS; PROFILES; TEMPERATURE; VALIDATION; UMKEHR; UNCERTAINTIES AB The coherence of stratospheric ozone time series retrieved from various observational records is investigated at Haute-Provence Observatory (OHP-43.93 degrees N, 5.71 degrees E). The analysis is accomplished through the intercomparison of collocated ozone measurements of Light Detection and Ranging (lidar) with Solar Backscatter UltraViolet(/2) (SBUV(/2)), Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II (SAGE II), Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE), Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) and Aura and Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars (GOMOS) satellite observations as well as with in situ ozonesondes and ground-based Umkehr measurements performed at OHP. A detailed statistical study of the relative differences of ozone observations over the whole stratosphere is performed to detect any specific drift in the data. On average, all instruments show their best agreement with lidar at 20-40 km, where deviations are within +/- 5%. Discrepancies are somewhat higher below 20 and above 40 km. The agreement with SAGE II data is remarkable since average differences are within +/- 1% at 1741 km. In contrast, Umkehr data underestimate systematically the lidar measurements in the whole stratosphere with a near zero bias at 16-8 hPa (similar to 30 km). Drifts are estimated using simple linear regression for the data sets analysed in this study, from the monthly averaged difference time series. The derived values are less than +/- 0.5% yr-1 in the 20-40 km altitude range and most drifts are not significant at the 2 sigma level. We also discuss the possibilities of extending the SAGE II and HALOE data with the GOMOS and Aura MLS data in consideration with relative offsets and drifts since the combination of such data sets are likely to be used for the study of stratospheric ozone recovery in the future. C1 [Nair, P. J.; Godin-Beekmann, S.; Pazmino, A.; Hauchecorne, A.; Ancellet, G.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, Univ Paris 06, LATMOS IPSL, CNRS INSU,UMR 8190, Paris, France. [Petropavlovskikh, I.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Flynn, L. E.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Froidevaux, L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Nair, PJ (reprint author), Univ Versailles St Quentin, Univ Paris 06, LATMOS IPSL, CNRS INSU,UMR 8190, Paris, France. EM gopalapi@aero.jussieu.fr RI Flynn, Lawrence/B-6321-2009; Hauchecorne, Alain/A-8489-2013; OI Flynn, Lawrence/0000-0001-6856-2614; Hauchecorne, Alain/0000-0001-9888-6994 FU GEOMON (Global Earth Observation and Monitoring of the Atmosphere); National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX We would like to thank Cathy Boonne for maintaining ETHER data cluster, the NASA Langley Research Center (NASA-LaRC) and the NASA Langley Radiation and Aerosols Branch for providing SAGE II data and, the collaborative institutes of the NASA Langley Research Center for maintaining HALOE data. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology was done under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The data used in this publication were obtained as part of the NDACC and are publicly available (see http://www.ndacc.org). The data used in this effort were acquired as part of the activities of NASA's Science Mission Directorate, and are archived and distributed by the Goddard Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC). This work is supported by a funding from the GEOMON (Global Earth Observation and Monitoring of the Atmosphere) European project. NR 59 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 10 BP 4957 EP 4975 DI 10.5194/acp-11-4957-2011 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 770NU UT WOS:000291094500026 ER PT J AU Yang, M Huebert, BJ Blomquist, BW Howell, SG Shank, LM McNaughton, CS Clarke, AD Hawkins, LN Russell, LM Covert, DS Coffman, DJ Bates, TS Quinn, PK Zagorac, N Bandy, AR de Szoeke, SP Zuidema, PD Tucker, SC Brewer, WA Benedict, KB Collett, JL AF Yang, M. Huebert, B. J. Blomquist, B. W. Howell, S. G. Shank, L. M. McNaughton, C. S. Clarke, A. D. Hawkins, L. N. Russell, L. M. Covert, D. S. Coffman, D. J. Bates, T. S. Quinn, P. K. Zagorac, N. Bandy, A. R. de Szoeke, S. P. Zuidema, P. D. Tucker, S. C. Brewer, W. A. Benedict, K. B. Collett, J. L. TI Atmospheric sulfur cycling in the southeastern Pacific - longitudinal distribution, vertical profile, and diel variability observed during VOCALS-REx SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; WET SCAVENGING COEFFICIENT; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; DIMETHYL SULFIDE; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; EDDY-CORRELATION; DIURNAL CYCLE; STRATOCUMULUS; CLOUD; SEA AB Dimethylsulfide (DMS) emitted from the ocean is a biogenic precursor gas for sulfur dioxide (SO2) and non-sea-salt sulfate aerosols (SO42-). During the VAMOS-Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx) in 2008, multiple instrumented platforms were deployed in the Southeastern Pacific (SEP) off the coast of Chile and Peru to study the linkage between aerosols and stratocumulus clouds. We present here observations from the NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown and the NSF/NCAR C-130 aircraft along similar to 20 degrees S from the coast (70 degrees W) to a remote marine atmosphere (85 degrees W). While SO42- and SO2 concentrations were distinctly elevated above background levels in the coastal marine boundary layer (MBL) due to anthropogenic influence (similar to 800 and 80 pptv, respectively), their concentrations rapidly decreased west of 78 degrees W (similar to 100 and 25 pptv). In the remote region, entrainment from the free troposphere (FT) increased MBL SO2 burden at a rate of 0.05 +/- 0.02 mu moles m(-2) day(-1) and diluted MBL SO42 burden at a rate of 0.5 +/- 0.3 mu moles m(-2) day(-1), while the sea-to-air DMS flux (3.8 +/- 0.4 mu moles m(-2) day(-1)) remained the pre-dominant source of sulfur mass to the MBL. In-cloud oxidation was found to be the most important mechanism for SO2 removal and in situ SO42- production. Surface SO42- concentration in the remote MBL displayed pronounced diel variability, increasing rapidly in the first few hours after sunset and decaying for the rest of the day. We theorize that the increase in SO42- was due to nighttime recoupling of the MBL that mixed down cloud-processed air, while decoupling and sporadic precipitation scavenging were responsible for the daytime decline in SO42-. C1 [Yang, M.; Huebert, B. J.; Blomquist, B. W.; Howell, S. G.; Shank, L. M.; McNaughton, C. S.; Clarke, A. D.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Hawkins, L. N.; Russell, L. M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Covert, D. S.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Coffman, D. J.; Bates, T. S.; Quinn, P. K.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Zagorac, N.; Bandy, A. R.] Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [de Szoeke, S. P.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Zuidema, P. D.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Tucker, S. C.] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO USA. [Brewer, W. A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Benedict, K. B.; Collett, J. L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Huebert, BJ (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM huebert@hawaii.edu RI Benedict, Katherine/E-6260-2011; Zuidema, Paquita/C-9659-2013; Collett, Jeffrey/F-2862-2010; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI Benedict, Katherine/0000-0002-0530-8835; Zuidema, Paquita/0000-0003-4719-372X; Collett, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9180-508X; Yang, Mingxi/0000-0002-8321-5984; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0241611, ATM-0526341, ATM-0744636, ATM-0745337] FX We thank the National Science Foundation for support of this work through grant ATM-0241611, ATM-0526341, ATM-0744636, and ATM-0745337. Aircraft thermodynamic data and ancillary gas concentrations were provided by NCAR/EOL under sponsorship of the NSF (http://data.eol.ucar.edu/masterlist/?project=VOCALS). PMEL data were downloaded from http://saga.pmel.noaa.gov/data/download.php?cruise=VOCALS. Special thanks to R. A. Weller, C. W. Fairall, R. Wood, C. S. Bretherton, R. M. Simpson, as well as the crews of RHB and C-130. NR 65 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 29 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 10 BP 5079 EP 5097 DI 10.5194/acp-11-5079-2011 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 770NU UT WOS:000291094500031 ER PT J AU Zhang, F Zhou, LX Novelli, PC Worthy, DEJ Zellweger, C Klausen, J Ernst, M Steinbacher, M Cai, YX Xu, L Fang, SX Yao, B AF Zhang, F. Zhou, L. X. Novelli, P. C. Worthy, D. E. J. Zellweger, C. Klausen, J. Ernst, M. Steinbacher, M. Cai, Y. X. Xu, L. Fang, S. X. Yao, B. TI Evaluation of in situ measurements of atmospheric carbon monoxide at Mount Waliguan, China SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STABLE ISOTOPIC-RATIOS; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; NATIONAL-PARK; TERM RECORD; TRAJECTORIES; JUNGFRAUJOCH; TRENDS; CO2 AB Quasicontinuous measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) recorded over three years at Mount Waliguan (WLG), a global baseline station in remote western China, were examined using back trajectory analysis. The data include a revision to correct the working reference scale to the WMO2000 scale and corrections for drift in the reference gases. Between July 2004 and June 2007, CO exhibited large fluctuations and the 5%, 50% and 95%-percentiles of relevant CO mixing ratios were 102 ppb, 126 ppb and 194 ppb. Approximately 50% of all observed data were selected as CO background data using a mathematical procedure of robust local regression, with the remainder affected by regional-scale pollution. The monthly mean background CO mixing ratios showed a minimum in summer and a maximum in late winter, although all seasons were affected by short-term enhancements that exceeded background levels. The CO data were compared to values observed at the high alpine research station at Jungfraujoch, Switzerland. Smaller seasonal amplitudes were observed at WLG compared to the Jungfraujoch due to lower winter and spring CO levels, however, episodic enhancements of polluted air were greater at WLG. The air parcels arriving at WLG came predominately from the west, except in summer when advection from the east and southeast prevailed. Transport from the east or southeast typically brought polluted air to the site, having passed over populated urban areas upwind. A large number of elevated CO mixing ratios could also be associated with advection from the northwest of WLG via the central Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR) and the Ge'ermu urban area where growing industrial activities as well as crops residue burning provide sources of CO. Air masses passing over northwestern Gansu were associated with relatively high CO values suggesting an anthropogenic influence, which was likely due to anthropogenic emissions from northwestern China (based on back-trajectory and potential source contribution analysis and on the INTEX-B: intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment-Phase B). Background conditions were observed most frequently in air parcels from remote Tibet west of WLG. The probability that air parcels pass over regions of clean or polluted regions was further identified using potential source contribution function (PSCF) analysis. C1 [Zhang, F.; Zhou, L. X.; Xu, L.; Fang, S. X.; Yao, B.] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci CAMS, CMA, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Zhang, F.] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Novelli, P. C.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Worthy, D. E. J.; Ernst, M.] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Zellweger, C.; Steinbacher, M.] Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol, Empa, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Klausen, J.] Fed Off Meteorol & Climatol MeteoSwiss, Fed Dept Home Affairs FDHA, CH-8044 Zurich, Switzerland. [Cai, Y. X.] CMA, Qinghai Meteorol Bur, Xining 810001, Peoples R China. RP Zhou, LX (reprint author), Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci CAMS, CMA, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM zhoulx@cams.cma.gov.cn RI Steinbacher, Martin/B-7424-2009 OI Steinbacher, Martin/0000-0002-7195-8115 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [40775078]; Non-profit Research Project [GYHY200806026]; MOST [2007DFA20650]; National Basic Research Program of China "973" [2010CB950601] FX This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (40775078), Non-profit Research Project (Grant No. GYHY200806026) International S&T Cooperation Program of MOST (Grant No. 2007DFA20650) and National Basic Research Program of China "973" (Grant No. 2010CB950601). The station personnel have extensively supported the operation at WLG station. Yaqiang Wang (CMA/CAMS) is acknowledged for his help with the calculation of trajectories and clustering/PSCF. Xingqin An (CMA/CAMS) and Gabrielle Petron (NOAA/ESRL/GMD) provided maps of CO emissions in the region near Mt. Waliguan. NR 37 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 15 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 11 BP 5195 EP 5206 DI 10.5194/acp-11-5195-2011 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 777PT UT WOS:000291636400006 ER PT J AU Grell, G Freitas, SR Stuefer, M Fast, J AF Grell, G. Freitas, S. R. Stuefer, M. Fast, J. TI Inclusion of biomass burning in WRF-Chem: impact of wildfires on weather forecasts SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POLLUTION MODELING SYSTEM; AEROSOL ACTIVATION; SOUTH-AMERICA; CLOUD; PARAMETERIZATION; REPRESENTATION; FIRE; CHEMISTRY; TRANSPORT; SENSITIVITY AB A plume rise algorithm for wildfires was included in WRF-Chem, and applied to look at the impact of intense wildfires during the 2004 Alaska wildfire season on weather simulations using model resolutions of 10 km and 2 km. Biomass burning emissions were estimated using a biomass burning emissions model. In addition, a 1-D, time-dependent cloud model was used online in WRF-Chem to estimate injection heights as well as the vertical distribution of the emission rates. It was shown that with the inclusion of the intense wildfires of the 2004 fire season in the model simulations, the interaction of the aerosols with the atmospheric radiation led to significant modifications of vertical profiles of temperature and moisture in cloud-free areas. On the other hand, when clouds were present, the high concentrations of fine aerosol (PM(2.5)) and the resulting large numbers of Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) had a strong impact on clouds and cloud microphysics, with decreased precipitation coverage and precipitation amounts during the first 12 h of the integration. During the afternoon, storms were of convective nature and appeared significantly stronger, probably as a result of both the interaction of aerosols with radiation (through an increase in CAPE) as well as the interaction with cloud microphysics. C1 [Grell, G.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Grell, G.] Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Freitas, S. R.] INPE, Ctr Weather Forecasting & Climate Studies, Cachoeira Paulista, Brazil. [Stuefer, M.] Univ Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Fast, J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Grell, G (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM georg.a.grell@noaa.gov RI Freitas, Saulo/A-2279-2012; grell, georg/B-6234-2015 OI Freitas, Saulo/0000-0002-9879-646X; grell, georg/0000-0001-5214-8742 FU Arctic Region Supercomputing Center (ARSC) at the University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF); Geophysical Institute of the University of Alaska Fairbanks FX This work has been supported by a grant of HPC resources from the Arctic Region Supercomputing Center (ARSC) at the University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) as part of the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program, and also by the Geophysical Institute of the University of Alaska Fairbanks. We specifically would like to thank Greg Newby and Anton Kulchitsky from ARSC, and Kevin Engle from the UAF Geographic Information Network of Alaska for their support. Additionally we would like to thank to thank Richard Easter (PNNL) for extending the cloud-aerosol interaction process to the MADE/SORGAM aerosol model, John Brown for providing an internal review, and Ann Reiser for editorial assistance. NR 51 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 5 U2 37 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 11 BP 5289 EP 5303 DI 10.5194/acp-11-5289-2011 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 777PT UT WOS:000291636400012 ER PT J AU Hendrick, F Pommereau, JP Goutail, F Evans, RD Ionov, D Pazmino, A Kyro, E Held, G Eriksen, P Dorokhov, V Gil, M Van Roozendael, M AF Hendrick, F. Pommereau, J. -P. Goutail, F. Evans, R. D. Ionov, D. Pazmino, A. Kyro, E. Held, G. Eriksen, P. Dorokhov, V. Gil, M. Van Roozendael, M. TI NDACC/SAOZ UV-visible total ozone measurements: improved retrieval and comparison with correlative ground-based and satellite observations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODELS; SLANT COLUMN MEASUREMENTS; AIR-MASS-FACTORS; ZENITH-SKY UV; NM REGION; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; MAX-DOAS; NO2; SPECTROMETERS AB Accurate long-term monitoring of total ozone is one of the most important requirements for identifying possible natural or anthropogenic changes in the composition of the stratosphere. For this purpose, the NDACC (Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change) UV-visible Working Group has made recommendations for improving and homogenizing the retrieval of total ozone columns from twilight zenith-sky visible spectrometers. These instruments, deployed all over the world in about 35 stations, allow measuring total ozone twice daily with limited sensitivity to stratospheric temperature and cloud cover. The NDACC recommendations address both the DOAS spectral parameters and the calculation of air mass factors (AMF) needed for the conversion of O-3 slant column densities into vertical column amounts. The most important improvement is the use of O-3 AMF look-up tables calculated using the TOMS V8 (TV8) O-3 profile climatology, that allows accounting for the dependence of the O-3 AMF on the seasonal and latitudinal variations of the O-3 vertical distribution. To investigate their impact on the retrieved ozone columns, the recommendations have been applied to measurements from the NDACC/SAOZ (Systeme d'Analyse par Observation Zenithale) network. The revised SAOZ ozone data from eight stations deployed at all latitudes have been compared to TOMS, GOMEGDP4, SCIAMACHY-TOSOMI, SCIAMACHY-OL3, OMI-TOMS, and OMI-DOAS satellite overpass observations, as well as to those of collocated Dobson and Brewer instruments at Observatoire de Haute Provence (44 degrees N, 5.5 degrees E) and Sodankyla (67 degrees N, 27 degrees E), respectively. A significantly better agreement is obtained between SAOZ and correlative reference ground-based measurements after applying the new O-3 AMFs. However, systematic seasonal differences between SAOZ and satellite instruments remain. These are shown to mainly originate from (i) a possible problem in the satellite retrieval algorithms in dealing with the temperature dependence of the ozone cross-sections in the UV and the solar zenith angle (SZA) dependence, (ii) zonal modulations and seasonal variations of tropospheric ozone columns not accounted for in the TV8 profile climatology, and (iii) uncertainty on the stratospheric ozone profiles at high latitude in the winter in the TV8 climatology. For those measurements mostly sensitive to stratospheric temperature like TOMS, OMI-TOMS, Dobson and Brewer, or to SZA like SCIAMACHY-TOSOMI, the application of temperature and SZA corrections results in the almost complete removal of the seasonal difference with SAOZ, improving significantly the consistency between all ground-based and satellite total ozone observations. C1 [Hendrick, F.; Van Roozendael, M.] Belgian Inst Space Aeron BIRA IASB, Brussels, Belgium. [Pommereau, J. -P.; Goutail, F.; Ionov, D.; Pazmino, A.] CNRS, LATMOS, Guyancourt, France. [Pommereau, J. -P.; Goutail, F.; Ionov, D.; Pazmino, A.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, Guyancourt, France. [Evans, R. D.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Ionov, D.] St Petersburg State Univ, Inst Phys Res, Dept Atmospher Phys, St Petersburg, Russia. [Kyro, E.] Finnish Meteorol Inst FMI, Arctic Res Ctr, Sodankyla, Finland. [Held, G.] Univ Estadual Paulista, Meteorol Res Inst, Bauru, SP, Brazil. [Eriksen, P.] Danish Meteorol Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Dorokhov, V.] Cent Aerol Observ, Moscow, Russia. [Gil, M.] Inst Tecn Aerospacial INTA, Torrejon De Ardoz, Spain. RP Hendrick, F (reprint author), Belgian Inst Space Aeron BIRA IASB, Brussels, Belgium. EM franch@oma.be RI Held, Gerhard/G-1492-2013; Ionov, Dmitry/J-4461-2013; Evans, Robert/D-4731-2016 OI Ionov, Dmitry/0000-0002-4844-5397; Evans, Robert/0000-0002-8693-9769 FU ESA Multi-Taste; EC GEOmon; Belgian PRODEX SECPEA projects FX The authors thank the many SAOZ, Brewer and Dobson operators in stations without whom the long series of data used in this paper would not have been available as well as agencies supporting NDACC activities: INSU/CNRS, CNES, IPEV. This work was supported by the ESA Multi-Taste, EC GEOmon, and Belgian PRODEX SECPEA projects. The authors are also thankful to the PIs of the lidar and ECC sondes O3 profile data used in this study and downloaded from the NDACC database: P. von der Gathen (AWI), G. Hansen and K. Stebel (NILU), S. Godin-Beekmann, G. Ancellet, and F. Goutail (LAT-MOS/CNRS), A. Redondas (INME-IZO), F. Posny (Universite de la Reunion), G. Bodeker (NIWA), and D. Swart (RIVM). N. Theys (BIRA-IASB) is acknowledged for calculating time-series of tropopause height at various NDACC stations. NR 62 TC 27 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 12 BP 5975 EP 5995 DI 10.5194/acp-11-5975-2011 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 784UJ UT WOS:000292183400004 ER PT J AU Nassar, R Jones, DBA Kulawik, SS Worden, JR Bowman, KW Andres, RJ Suntharalingam, P Chen, JM Brenninkmeijer, CAM Schuck, TJ Conway, TJ Worthy, DE AF Nassar, R. Jones, D. B. A. Kulawik, S. S. Worden, J. R. Bowman, K. W. Andres, R. J. Suntharalingam, P. Chen, J. M. Brenninkmeijer, C. A. M. Schuck, T. J. Conway, T. J. Worthy, D. E. TI Inverse modeling of CO2 sources and sinks using satellite observations of CO2 from TES and surface flask measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC EMISSION SPECTROMETER; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; REGIONAL-SCALE FLUXES; UPDATED EMISSIONS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; OBSERVING SYSTEMS; TRANSPORT MODEL; NORTH-AMERICA; FOREST; AIRCRAFT AB We infer CO2 surface fluxes using satellite observations of mid-tropospheric CO2 from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) and measurements of CO2 from surface flasks in a time-independent inversion analysis based on the GEOS-Chem model. Using TES CO2 observations over oceans, spanning 40 degrees S-40 degrees N, we find that the horizontal and vertical coverage of the TES and flask data are complementary. This complementarity is demonstrated by combining the datasets in a joint inversion, which provides better constraints than from either dataset alone, when a posteriori CO2 distributions are evaluated against independent ship and aircraft CO2 data. In particular, the joint inversion offers improved constraints in the tropics where surface measurements are sparse, such as the tropical forests of South America. Aggregating the annual surface-to-atmosphere fluxes from the joint inversion for the year 2006 yields -1.13 +/- 0.21 PgC for the global ocean, -2.77 +/- 0.20 PgC for the global land biosphere and -3.90 +/- 0.29 PgC for the total global natural flux (defined as the sum of all biospheric, oceanic, and biomass burning contributions but excluding CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion). These global ocean and global land fluxes are shown to be near the median of the broad range of values from other inversion results for 2006. To achieve these results, a bias in TES CO2 in the Southern Hemisphere was assessed and corrected using aircraft flask data, and we demonstrate that our results have low sensitivity to variations in the bias correction approach. Overall, this analysis suggests that future carbon data assimilation systems can benefit by integrating in situ and satellite observations of CO2 and that the vertical information provided by satellite observations of mid-tropospheric CO2 combined with measurements of surface CO2, provides an important additional constraint for flux inversions. C1 [Nassar, R.; Worthy, D. E.] Environm Canada, Div Climate Res, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Nassar, R.; Jones, D. B. A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Kulawik, S. S.; Worden, J. R.; Bowman, K. W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Andres, R. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Suntharalingam, P.] Univ E Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Chen, J. M.] Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Toronto, ON M5S 2E5, Canada. [Brenninkmeijer, C. A. M.; Schuck, T. J.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Air Chem Div, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Conway, T. J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Nassar, R (reprint author), Environm Canada, Div Climate Res, 4905 Dufferin St, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. EM ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca RI ANDRES, ROBERT/B-9786-2012; Brenninkmeijer, Carl/B-6860-2013; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Jones, Dylan/O-2475-2014; OI Jones, Dylan/0000-0002-1935-3725; Nassar, Ray/0000-0001-6282-1611; Schuck, Tanja/0000-0002-1380-3684 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada; Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology FX Work at the University of Toronto was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology was carried out under contract to NASA. We especially thank T. Machida and H. Matsueda of the CONTRAIL project for providing their aircraft CO2 flask data for this work. Thanks to all of those who have contributed to the Carboscope (www.carboscope.eu) and CarbonTracker (www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/carbontracker) websites for these excellent resources that make CO2 flux inversion results publicly available. Lastly, we thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions. NR 90 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 20 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 12 BP 6029 EP 6047 DI 10.5194/acp-11-6029-2011 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 784UJ UT WOS:000292183400007 ER PT J AU Manney, GL Hegglin, MI Daffer, WH Santee, ML Ray, EA Pawson, S Schwartz, MJ Boone, CD Froidevaux, L Livesey, NJ Read, WG Walker, KA AF Manney, G. L. Hegglin, M. I. Daffer, W. H. Santee, M. L. Ray, E. A. Pawson, S. Schwartz, M. J. Boone, C. D. Froidevaux, L. Livesey, N. J. Read, W. G. Walker, K. A. TI Jet characterization in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UTLS): applications to climatology and transport studies SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EXTRATROPICAL TROPOPAUSE REGION; BREWER-DOBSON CIRCULATION; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; WATER-VAPOR; LOWERMOST STRATOSPHERE; CHANGING CLIMATE; MASS-EXCHANGE; WESTERLY JET; PART I; OZONE AB A method of classifying the upper tropospheric/lower stratospheric (UTLS) jets has been developed that allows satellite and aircraft trace gas data and meteorological fields to be efficiently mapped in a jet coordinate view. A detailed characterization of multiple tropopauses accompanies the jet characterization. Jet climatologies show the well-known high altitude subtropical and lower altitude polar jets in the upper troposphere, as well as a pattern of concentric polar and subtropical jets in the Southern Hemisphere, and shifts of the primary jet to high latitudes associated with blocking ridges in Northern Hemisphere winter. The jet-coordinate view segregates air masses differently than the commonly-used equivalent latitude (EqL) coordinate throughout the lowermost stratosphere and in the upper troposphere. Mapping O-3 data from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) satellite and the Winter Storms aircraft datasets in jet coordinates thus emphasizes different aspects of the circulation compared to an EqL-coordinate framework: the jet coordinate reorders the data geometrically, thus highlighting the strong PV, tropopause height and trace gas gradients across the subtropical jet, whereas EqL is a dynamical coordinate that may blur these spatial relationships but provides information on irreversible transport. The jet coordinate view identifies the concentration of stratospheric ozone well below the tropopause in the region pole-ward of and below the jet core, as well as other transport features associated with the upper tropospheric jets. Using the jet information in EqL coordinates allows us to study trace gas distributions in regions of weak versus strong jets, and demonstrates weaker transport barriers in regions with less jet influence. MLS and Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment-Fourier Transform Spectrometer trace gas fields for spring 2008 in jet coordinates show very strong, closely correlated, PV, tropopause height and trace gas gradients across the jet, and evidence of intrusions of stratospheric air below the tropopause below and poleward of the subtropical jet; these features are consistent between instruments and among multiple trace gases. Our characterization of the jets is facilitating studies that will improve our understanding of upper tropospheric trace gas evolution. C1 [Manney, G. L.; Daffer, W. H.; Santee, M. L.; Schwartz, M. J.; Froidevaux, L.; Livesey, N. J.; Read, W. G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Manney, G. L.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Hegglin, M. I.; Walker, K. A.] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Ray, E. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ray, E. A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Pawson, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Boone, C. D.; Walker, K. A.] Univ Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Manney, GL (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM gloria.l.manney@jpl.nasa.gov RI Pawson, Steven/I-1865-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Hegglin, Michaela/D-7528-2017; Ray, Eric/D-5941-2013; Schwartz, Michael/F-5172-2016 OI Pawson, Steven/0000-0003-0200-717X; Hegglin, Michaela/0000-0003-2820-9044; Ray, Eric/0000-0001-8727-9849; Schwartz, Michael/0000-0001-6169-5094 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Canadian Space Agency (CSA); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; CSA through the C-SPARC network FX Thanks to the MLS team (especially Ryan Fuller, Brian W. Knosp, Brian J. Mills, and Robert P. Thurstans) and the ACE Team (especially Sean McLeod and Ryan Hughes) for their continuing support and assistance. Thanks to NASA's GMAO for providing their assimilated data products. Thanks to Kirstin Kruger, Karen Rosenlof, Irina Petropavlovskikh, Dylan Jones, Ken Minschwaner, Michael Sigmond, Laura Pan, Cameron Homeyer and Ted Shepherd for many valuable discussions, and to the two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. Research at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology (JPL/Caltech), was done under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The lead author's copyright for this publication is transferred to JPL/Caltech. Funding for the ACE mission was provided primarily by the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. MIH has been supported by the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences and the CSA through the C-SPARC network. NR 82 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 12 BP 6115 EP 6137 DI 10.5194/acp-11-6115-2011 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 784UJ UT WOS:000292183400011 ER PT J AU Stith, JL Twohy, CH DeMott, PJ Baumgardner, D Campos, T Gao, R Anderson, J AF Stith, J. L. Twohy, C. H. DeMott, P. J. Baumgardner, D. Campos, T. Gao, R. Anderson, J. TI Observations of ice nuclei and heterogeneous freezing in a Western Pacific extratropical storm SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THEORETICAL DETERMINATION; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; TRACE GASES; CLOUDS; EFFICIENCY; AIRCRAFT; CRYSTALS; CLIMATE; NUMBER; DUST AB In situ airborne sampling of refractory black carbon (rBC) particles and Ice Nuclei (IN) was conducted in and near an extratropical cyclonic storm in the western Pacific Ocean during the Pacific Dust Experiment, PACDEX, in the spring of 2007. Airmass origins were from Eastern Asia. Clouds associated primarily with the warm sector of the storm were sampled at various locations and altitudes. Cloud hydrometeors were evaporated by a counterflow virtual impactor (CVI) and the residuals were sampled by a single particle soot photometer (SP2) instrument, a continuous flow diffusion chamber ice nucleus detector (CFDC) and collected for electron microscope analysis. In clouds containing large ice particles, multiple residual particles were observed downstream of the CVI for each ice particle sampled on average. The fraction of rBC compared to total particles in the residual particles increased with decreasing condensed water content, while the fraction of IN compared to total particles did not, suggesting that the scavenging process for rBC is different than for IN. In the warm sector storm midlevels at temperatures where heterogeneous freezing is expected to be significant (here -24 to -29 degrees C), IN concentrations from ice particle residuals generally agreed with simultaneous measurements of total ice concentrations or were higher in regions where aggregates of crystals were found, suggesting heterogeneous freezing as the dominant ice formation process in the mid levels of these warm sector clouds. Lower in the storm, at warmer temperatures, ice concentrations were affected by aggregation and were somewhat less than measured IN concentrations at colder temperatures. The results are consistent with ice particles forming at storm mid-levels by heterogeneous freezing on IN, followed by aggregation and sedimentation to lower altitudes. Compositional analysis of the aerosol and back trajectories of the air in the warm sector suggested a possible biomass burning source for much of the aerosol. Comparison of the particles from the CFDC with the other aerosol in the residuals of ice particles suggested that the largest portion of IN had similar inferred origins (from biomass burning with minor amounts of rBC) as the other aerosol, but contained slightly elevated amounts of calcium and less influence from sea salt. C1 [Stith, J. L.; Campos, T.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Twohy, C. H.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [DeMott, P. J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Baumgardner, D.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Atmosfera, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Gao, R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Anderson, J.] Sch Engn Matter Transport & Energy, Tempe, AZ USA. RP Stith, JL (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM stith@.ucar.edu RI DeMott, Paul/C-4389-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI DeMott, Paul/0000-0002-3719-1889; FU NSF [ATM-0611936, ATM-0612605, ATM-076671]; NASA [NNX08AH57G] FX The National Center for Atmospheric Research is supported by the National Science Foundation. This work was also supported by NSF Grants ATM-0611936 (DeMott), ATM-0612605 (Baumgardner), ATM-0612605 (Twohy), and ATM-076671 (Anderson). Additional support was provided by NASA grant NNX08AH57G (Twohy). The assistance with the 2DC processing software by A. Bansemer and assistance with the interpretation of the SP2 data from R. Subramanian is appreciated. Comments on the manuscript by J. Jensen and L. Emmons are also appreciated. The authors gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and used in this publication. P. DeMott gratefully acknowledges the TEM analysis support of R. J. Lee Inc. (Monroeville, PA). Assistance by X. Hua and S. Santra with SEM and TEM analysis is also gratefully acknowledged. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 19 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 13 BP 6229 EP 6243 DI 10.5194/acp-11-6229-2011 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 792GE UT WOS:000292728400005 ER PT J AU Zheng, W Flocke, FM Tyndall, GS Swanson, A Orlando, JJ Roberts, JM Huey, LG Tanner, DJ AF Zheng, W. Flocke, F. M. Tyndall, G. S. Swanson, A. Orlando, J. J. Roberts, J. M. Huey, L. G. Tanner, D. J. TI Characterization of a thermal decomposition chemical ionization mass spectrometer for the measurement of peroxy acyl nitrates (PANs) in the atmosphere SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NI-PT-CIMS; NITRIC-OXIDE; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS; INITIATED OXIDATION; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; PERNITRIC ACID; REGIONAL OZONE; AMBIENT AIR; MPAN AB This paper presents a detailed laboratory characterization of a thermal dissociation chemical ionization mass spectrometer (TD-CIMS) for the atmospheric measurement of Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) and its homologues (PANs). PANs are efficiently dissociated in a heated inlet and the resulting peroxy acyl radicals are reacted with I-ions in a flow tube. The mass spectrometer detects the corresponding carboxylate ions. PAN, peroxypropionyl nitrate (PPN), peroxyisobutyryl nitrate (PiBN), peroxy-n-butyryl nitrate (PnBN), peroxyacryloyl nitrate (APAN), peroxycrotonyl nitrates (CPAN) and peroxymethacryloyl nitrate (MPAN) were cross-calibrated with both a dual channel GC/ECD and a total odd-nitrogen (NO(y)) instrument for the NCAR TD-CIMS' typical aircraft operation conditions. In addition, the instrument sensitivity to a number of more exotic PANs (peroxyhydroxyacetyl nitrate, methoxyformyl peroxynitrate, and peroxybenzoyl nitrate) was evaluated qualitatively by comparisons with a long-path FTIR instrument. The sensitivity for PPN is slightly higher than that of PAN. Larger aliphatic and olefinic PAN compounds generally showed lower sensitivities. We postulate that these differences are owing to secondary reactions in the thermal decomposition region, which either reduce the yield of peroxy acyl radicals or cause losses of these radicals through intramolecular decomposition. The relative importance of these secondary reactions varies considerably between different PAN species. Results also indicate that the reaction of the larger peroxy acyl radicals with the ion-water cluster, I(-)(H(2)O)n proceeds about an order of magnitude faster than with I(-) alone, as has been observed for peroxy acetyl radicals. Sensitivity variations among the individual PAN species at very low water vapor were observed. The results call for careful evaluation of each PAN species to be measured and for each desired operating condition of a TD-CIMS instrument. C1 [Zheng, W.; Flocke, F. M.; Tyndall, G. S.; Swanson, A.; Orlando, J. J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Zheng, W.; Swanson, A.] Univ Colorado, Coorperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Roberts, J. M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Huey, L. G.; Tanner, D. J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Flocke, FM (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM ffl@ucar.edu RI Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; FU National Science Foundation FX We are grateful for the assistance provided to us at various stages of this work by Andy Neuman, Roger Hendershot, Alam Hasson, Paul Stock, and Sandra Lopes. This work was performed with support from the National Center for Atmospheric Research, which is funded by the National Science Foundation. John Orlando and Geoff Tyndall acknowledge additional support from the NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program. NR 64 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 52 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 13 BP 6529 EP 6547 DI 10.5194/acp-11-6529-2011 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 792GE UT WOS:000292728400024 ER PT J AU Skeie, RB Berntsen, T Myhre, G Pedersen, CA Strom, J Gerland, S Ogren, JA AF Skeie, R. B. Berntsen, T. Myhre, G. Pedersen, C. A. Strom, J. Gerland, S. Ogren, J. A. TI Black carbon in the atmosphere and snow, from pre-industrial times until present SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; ARCTIC AIR-POLLUTION; ANTHROPOGENIC SULFATE; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; ELEMENTAL CARBON; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; MIXING STATE; AEROSOL; CLIMATE; MODEL AB The distribution of black carbon (BC) in the atmosphere and the deposition of BC on snow surfaces since pre-industrial time until present are modelled with the Oslo CTM2 model. The model results are compared with observations including recent measurements of BC in snow in the Arctic. The global mean burden of BC from fossil fuel and biofuel sources increased during two periods. The first period, until 1920, is related to increases in emissions in North America and Europe, and the last period after 1970 are related mainly to increasing emissions in East Asia. Although the global burden of BC from fossil fuel and biofuel increases, in the Arctic the maximum atmospheric BC burden as well as in the snow was reached in 1960s, with a slight reduction thereafter. The global mean burden of BC from open biomass burning sources has not changed significantly since 1900. With current inventories of emissions from open biomass sources, the modelled burden of BC in snow and in the atmosphere north of 65 degrees N is small compared to the BC burden of fossil fuel and biofuel origin. From the concentration changes radiative forcing time series due to the direct aerosol effect as well as the snow-albedo effect is calculated for BC from fossil fuel and biofuel. The calculated radiative forcing in 2000 for the direct aerosol effect is 0.35 W m(-2) and for the snow-albedo effect 0.016 W m(-2) in this study. Due to a southward shift in the emissions there is an increase in the lifetime of BC as well as an increase in normalized radiative forcing, giving a change in forcing per unit of emissions of 26% since 1950. C1 [Skeie, R. B.; Berntsen, T.; Myhre, G.] Ctr Int Climate & Environm Res Oslo CICERO, Oslo, Norway. [Berntsen, T.] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Oslo, Norway. [Pedersen, C. A.; Strom, J.; Gerland, S.] Fram Ctr, Norwegian Polar Inst, Tromso, Norway. [Ogren, J. A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Skeie, RB (reprint author), Ctr Int Climate & Environm Res Oslo CICERO, Oslo, Norway. EM r.b.skeie@cicero.uio.no RI Myhre, Gunnar/A-3598-2008; Skeie, Ragnhild/K-1173-2015; Ogren, John/M-8255-2015 OI Myhre, Gunnar/0000-0002-4309-476X; Skeie, Ragnhild/0000-0003-1246-4446; Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583 FU Norwegian Research Council FX We thank the NOAA/ESRL/GMD aerosol group, Liaquat Husain, Joseph R. McConnell, J. P. Schwarz, Dorothy Koch, Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research and Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research for providing data. We are grateful to Sanja Forsstrom and Sverdrup Station personnel at Ny-Alesund (Norwegian Polar Institute) for help with sampling and sample processing. Thanks to Abisko research station and Finnish Meteorological Institute for help in collecting snow samples in Abisko and Pallas. Also thanks to the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency for supporting aerosol measurements at the Zeppelin station. This research was supported by the Norwegian Research Council under the projects "Measurements of Black Carbon Aerosols in Arctic Snow -Interpretation of Effect on Snow Reflectance", "Climate Effects of Reducing Black Carbon Emissions", and "Constraining total feedback of the climate system by observations and models" and the NOAA Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program. NR 98 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 33 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 14 BP 6809 EP 6836 DI 10.5194/acp-11-6809-2011 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 797KI UT WOS:000293125100003 ER PT J AU Sommariva, R de Gouw, JA Trainer, M Atlas, E Goldan, PD Kuster, WC Warneke, C Fehsenfeld, FC AF Sommariva, R. de Gouw, J. A. Trainer, M. Atlas, E. Goldan, P. D. Kuster, W. C. Warneke, C. Fehsenfeld, F. C. TI Emissions and photochemistry of oxygenated VOCs in urban plumes in the Northeastern United States SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MASTER CHEMICAL MECHANISM; MCM V3 PART; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; ACETIC-ACID; HYDROCARBON RATIOS; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; HYDROGEN RADICALS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; OH RADICALS AB Photochemical processes inside urban plumes in the Northeast of the United States have been studied using a highly detailed chemical model, based upon the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM). The model results have been compared to measurements of oxygenated VOCs (acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, acetaldehyde, acetic acid and methanol) obtained during several flights of the NOAA WP-3D aircraft, which sampled plumes from the New York City area during the ICARTT campaign in 2004. The agreement between the model and the measurements was within 40-60% for all species, except acetic acid. The model results have been used to study the formation and photochemical evolution of acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and acetaldehyde. Under the conditions encountered during the ICARTT campaign, acetone is produced from the oxidation of propane (24-28 %) and i-propanol (< 15 %) and from a number of products of i-pentane oxidation. Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) is mostly produced from the oxidation of n-butane (20-30 %) and 3-methylpentane (< 40 %). Acetaldehyde is formed from several precursors, mostly small alkenes, > C5 alkanes, propanal and MEK. Ethane and ethanol oxidation account, respectively, for 6-23% and 5-25% of acetaldehyde photochemical formation. The results highlight the importance of alkanes for the photochemical production of ketones and the role of hydroperoxides in sustaining their formation far from the emission sources. C1 [Sommariva, R.; de Gouw, J. A.; Trainer, M.; Kuster, W. C.; Warneke, C.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Sommariva, R.; de Gouw, J. A.; Goldan, P. D.; Warneke, C.; Fehsenfeld, F. C.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Atlas, E.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP de Gouw, JA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. EM joost.degouw@noaa.gov RI de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013; Sommariva, Roberto/M-5361-2014; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015 OI de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Sommariva, Roberto/0000-0002-2728-5814; NR 63 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 31 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 14 BP 7081 EP 7096 DI 10.5194/acp-11-7081-2011 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 797KI UT WOS:000293125100019 ER PT J AU Lee, SH Kim, SW Trainer, M Frost, GJ McKeen, SA Cooper, OR Flocke, F Holloway, JS Neuman, JA Ryerson, T Senff, CJ Swanson, AL Thompson, AM AF Lee, S. -H. Kim, S. -W. Trainer, M. Frost, G. J. McKeen, S. A. Cooper, O. R. Flocke, F. Holloway, J. S. Neuman, J. A. Ryerson, T. Senff, C. J. Swanson, A. L. Thompson, A. M. TI Modeling ozone plumes observed downwind of New York City over the North Atlantic Ocean during the ICARTT field campaign SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COASTAL BOUNDARY-LAYER; UNITED-STATES; SURFACE OZONE; NEW-ENGLAND; POLLUTION INFLUENCES; SOUTH-AMERICA; WRF MODEL; TRANSPORT; AEROSOL; FIRE AB Transport and chemical transformation of well-defined New York City (NYC) urban plumes over the North Atlantic Ocean were studied using aircraft measurements collected on 20-21 July 2004 during the ICARTT (International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation) field campaign and WRF-Chem (Weather Research and Forecasting-Chemistry) model simulations. The strong NYC urban plumes were characterized by carbon monoxide (CO) mixing ratios of 350-400 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) and ozone (O-3) levels of about 100 ppbv near New York City on 20 July in the WP-3D in-situ and DC-3 lidar aircraft measurements. On 21 July, the two aircraft captured strong urban plumes with about 350 ppbv CO and over 150 ppbv O-3 (similar to 160 ppbv maximum) about 600 km downwind of NYC over the North Atlantic Ocean. The measured urban plumes extended vertically up to about 2 km near New York City, but shrank to 1-1.5 km over the stable marine boundary layer (MBL) over the North Atlantic Ocean. The WRF-Chem model reproduced ozone formation processes, chemical characteristics, and meteorology of the measured urban plumes near New York City (20 July) and in the far downwind region over the North Atlantic Ocean (21 July). The quasi-Lagrangian analysis of transport and chemical transformation of the simulated NYC urban plumes using WRF-Chem results showed that the pollutants can be efficiently transported in (isentropic) layers in the lower atmosphere (<2-3 km) over the North Atlantic Ocean while maintaining a dynamic vertical decoupling by cessation of turbulence in the stable MBL. The O3 mixing ratio in the NYC urban plumes remained at 80-90 ppbv during nocturnal transport over the stable MBL, then grew to over 100 ppbv by daytime oxidation of nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO+NO2) with mixing ratios on the order of 1 ppbv. Efficient transport of reactive nitrogen species (NOy), specifically nitric acid (HNO3), was confirmed through the comparison of the CO/NOy ratio in photochemically fresh and aged NYC plumes, implying the possibility of long-range transport of O-3 over the stable MBL over the North Atlantic Ocean in association with NOx regeneration mechanism. The impact of chemical initial and boundary conditions (IC/BCs) on modelled O-3 urban plumes was investigated in terms of the background O-3 level and the vertical structure of the urban plumes. Simulations with dynamic ("time-variant") chemical IC/BCs enhanced the O-3 level by 2-12 ppbv on average in the atmospheric layer below 3 km, showing better agreement with the observed NYC plumes and biomass-burning plumes than the simulation with prescribed static IC/BCs. The simulation including MOZART-4 chemical IC/BCs and Alaskan/Canadian wildfire emissions compared better to the observed O-3 profiles in the upper atmospheric layer (>similar to 3 km) than models that only accounted for North American anthropogenic/biogenic and wildfire contributions to background ozone. The comparison between models and observations show that chemical IC/BCs must be properly specified to achieve accurate model results. C1 [Lee, S. -H.; Kim, S. -W.; Frost, G. J.; McKeen, S. A.; Cooper, O. R.; Holloway, J. S.; Neuman, J. A.; Senff, C. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lee, S. -H.; Kim, S. -W.; Trainer, M.; Frost, G. J.; McKeen, S. A.; Cooper, O. R.; Holloway, J. S.; Neuman, J. A.; Ryerson, T.; Senff, C. J.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Flocke, F.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Thompson, A. M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Lee, SH (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM nihil93@snu.ac.kr RI Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Lee, Sang-Hyun/B-5974-2013; Cooper, Owen/H-4875-2013; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; McKeen, Stuart/H-9516-2013; Frost, Gregory/I-1958-2013; Senff, Christoph/I-2592-2013; Kim, Si-Wan/I-3979-2013; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Thompson, Anne /C-3649-2014 OI Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Kim, Si-Wan/0000-0002-7889-189X; Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; Thompson, Anne /0000-0002-7829-0920 FU NASA; NOAA FX The authors would like to thank everyone involved with the NOAA WP-3D and DC-3 lidar aircraft measurements and the NOAA Research Vessel Ronald H. Brown ship measurements. The ozone sounding measurement was sponsored by NASA. We are grateful to Louisa Emmons from NCAR for providing the MOZART-4 results and Elaine Prins from the University of Wisconsin-Madison for providing access to GOES WF_ABBA fire products. We are also grateful to George Grell and Steven Peckham (NOAA/ESRL) for their assistance in using the WRF-Chem model. The authors are grateful to Eirh Yu Hsie for his management of NOAA ESRL computer systems. This work was funded by NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere Program. NR 57 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 24 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 14 BP 7375 EP 7397 DI 10.5194/acp-11-7375-2011 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 797KI UT WOS:000293125100038 ER PT J AU Kazil, J Wang, H Feingold, G Clarke, AD Snider, JR Bandy, AR AF Kazil, J. Wang, H. Feingold, G. Clarke, A. D. Snider, J. R. Bandy, A. R. TI Modeling chemical and aerosol processes in the transition from closed to open cells during VOCALS-REx SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; QUANTUM YIELDS; SULFURIC-ACID; GAS-PHASE; PARTICLE NUCLEATION; CELLULAR STRUCTURES; ATMOSPHERIC SULFUR AB Chemical and aerosol processes in the transition from closed-to open-cell circulation in the remote, cloudy marine boundary layer are explored. It has previously been shown that precipitation can initiate a transition from the closed-to the open-cellular state, but that the boundary layer cannot maintain this open-cell state without a resupply of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Potential sources of CCN include wind-driven production of sea salt from the ocean, nucleation from the gas phase, and entrainment from the free troposphere. In order to investigate CCN sources in the marine boundary layer and their role in supplying new particles, we have coupled in detail chemical, aerosol, and cloud processes in the WRF/Chem model, and added state-of-the-art representations of sea salt emissions and aerosol nucleation. We conduct numerical simulations of the marine boundary layer in the transition from a closed-to an open-cell state. Results are compared with observations in the Southeast Pacific boundary layer during the VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx). The transition from the closed-to the open-cell state generates conditions that are conducive to nucleation by forming a cloud-scavenged, ultra-clean layer below the inversion base. Open cell updrafts loft dimethyl sulfide from the ocean surface into the ultra-clean layer, where it is oxidized during daytime to SO2 and subsequently to H2SO4. Low H2SO4 condensation sink values in the ultra-clean layer allow H2SO4 to rise to concentrations at which aerosol nucleation produces new aerosol in significant numbers. The existence of the ultra-clean layer is confirmed by observations. We find that the observed DMS flux from the ocean in the VOCALS-REx region can support a nucleation source of aerosol in open cells that exceeds sea salt emissions in terms of the number of particles produced. The freshly nucleated, nanometer-sized aerosol particles need, however, time to grow to sizes large enough to act as CCN. In contrast, mechanical production of particles from the ocean surface by near-surface winds provides a steady source of larger particles that are effective CCN at a rate exceeding a threshold for maintenance of open-cell circulation. Entrainment of aerosol from the free troposphere contributes significantly to boundary layer aerosol for the considered VOCALS-REx case, but less than sea salt aerosol emissions. C1 [Kazil, J.; Feingold, G.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kazil, J.; Feingold, G.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Wang, H.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Clarke, A. D.] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Snider, J. R.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Bandy, A. R.] Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Kazil, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jan.kazil@noaa.gov RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Snider, Jefferson/F-9175-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Wang, Hailong/B-8061-2010; Kazil, Jan/B-7652-2013 OI Snider, Jefferson/0000-0002-9318-1343; Wang, Hailong/0000-0002-1994-4402; Kazil, Jan/0000-0003-3271-2451 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Climate Goal (NOAA OAR Climate Program Office) [NA08OAR4310566]; National Science Foundation [ATM-0745368, ATM-0745986, ATM-0749088, ATM-0241611, ATM-0526341, ATM-0745337] FX This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Climate Goal (NOAA OAR Climate Program Office grant NA08OAR4310566). The aircraft measurements of aerosol concentration and composition were supported by the National Science Foundation grants ATM-0745368 and ATM-0745986; the aircraft sulfur dioxide and DMS measurements were supported by the National Science Foundation grant ATM-0749088. We appreciate the use of the shipboard DMS flux data generated by the Huebert group at the University of Hawaii, with support from the National Science Foundation grants ATM-0241611, ATM-0526341, and ATM-0745337. The C-130 aircraft time was provided by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) which is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. We thank the team of scientists, engineers, and support staff for their efforts in making VOCALS-REx a great success; Robert Wood (University of Washington) for providing assistance in interpreting VOCALS-REx data, and A. R. Ravishankara (NOAA ESRL Chemical Sciences Division) for helpful discussions. The NOAA ESRL High Performance Computing Systems team is gratefully acknowledged for computational and technical support. NR 110 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 25 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 15 BP 7491 EP 7514 DI 10.5194/acp-11-7491-2011 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 806RA UT WOS:000293826500006 ER PT J AU McNaughton, CS Clarke, AD Freitag, S Kapustin, VN Kondo, Y Moteki, N Sahu, L Takegawa, N Schwarz, JP Spackman, JR Watts, L Diskin, G Podolske, J Holloway, JS Wisthaler, A Mikoviny, T de Gouw, J Warneke, C Jimenez, J Cubison, M Howell, SG Middlebrook, A Bahreini, R Anderson, BE Winstead, E Thornhill, KL Lack, D Cozic, J Brock, CA AF McNaughton, C. S. Clarke, A. D. Freitag, S. Kapustin, V. N. Kondo, Y. Moteki, N. Sahu, L. Takegawa, N. Schwarz, J. P. Spackman, J. R. Watts, L. Diskin, G. Podolske, J. Holloway, J. S. Wisthaler, A. Mikoviny, T. de Gouw, J. Warneke, C. Jimenez, J. Cubison, M. Howell, S. G. Middlebrook, A. Bahreini, R. Anderson, B. E. Winstead, E. Thornhill, K. L. Lack, D. Cozic, J. Brock, C. A. TI Absorbing aerosol in the troposphere of the Western Arctic during the 2008 ARCTAS/ARCPAC airborne field campaigns SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-ABSORPTION MEASUREMENTS; LASER-INDUCED INCANDESCENCE; CENTRAL MEXICAN PLATEAU; BLACK CARBON; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ORGANIC AEROSOL; ACE-ASIA; AIRCRAFT MEASUREMENTS; SPECTRAL DEPENDENCE; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS AB In the spring of 2008 NASA and NOAA funded the ARCTAS and ARCPAC field campaigns as contributions to POLARCAT, a core IPY activity. During the campaigns the NASA DC-8, P-3B and NOAA WP-3D aircraft conducted over 160 h of in-situ sampling between 0.1 and 12 km throughout the Western Arctic north of 55 degrees N (i.e. Alaska to Greenland). All aircraft were equipped with multiple wavelength measurements of aerosol optics, trace gas and aerosol chemistry measurements, as well as direct measurements of the aerosol size distributions and black carbon mass. Late April of 2008 proved to be exceptional in terms of Asian biomass burning emissions transported to the Western Arctic. Though these smoke plumes account for only 11-14% of the samples within the Western Arctic domain, they account for 42-47% of the total burden of black carbon. Dust was also commonly observed but only contributes to 4-12% and 3-8% of total light absorption at 470 and 530 nm wavelengths above 6 km. Below 6 km, light absorption by carbonaceous aerosol derived from urban/industrial and biomass burning emissions account for 97-99% of total light absorption by aerosol. Stratifying the data to reduce the influence of dust allows us to determine mass absorption efficiencies for black carbon of 11.2 +/- 0.8, 9.5 +/- 0.6 and 7.4 +/- 0.7m(2) g(-1) at 470, 530 and 660 nm wave-lengths. These estimates are consistent with 35-80% enhancements in 530 nm absorption due to clear or slightly absorbing coatings of pure black carbon particulate. Assuming a 1/lambda wavelength dependence for BC absorption, and assuming that refractory aerosol (420 degrees C, tau = 0.1 s) in low-dust samples is dominated by brown carbon, we derive mass absorption efficiencies for brown carbon of 0.83 +/- 0.15 and 0.27 +/- 0.08m(2) g(-1) at 470 and 530 nm wavelengths. Estimates for the mass absorption efficiencies of Asian dust are 0.034m(2) g(-1) and 0.017m(2) g(-1). However the absorption efficiency estimates for dust are highly uncertain due to the limitations imposed by PSAP instrument noise. In-situ ARCTAS/ARCPAC measurements during the IPY provide valuable constraints for absorbing aerosol over the Western Arctic, species which are currently poorly simulated over a region that is critically under-sampled. C1 [McNaughton, C. S.; Clarke, A. D.; Freitag, S.; Kapustin, V. N.; Howell, S. G.] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Kondo, Y.; Moteki, N.; Sahu, L.; Takegawa, N.] Univ Tokyo, Res Ctr Adv Sci & Technol, Tokyo, Japan. [Schwarz, J. P.; Spackman, J. R.; Watts, L.; Holloway, J. S.; de Gouw, J.; Warneke, C.; Middlebrook, A.; Bahreini, R.; Lack, D.; Cozic, J.; Brock, C. A.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Diskin, G.; Anderson, B. E.; Winstead, E.; Thornhill, K. L.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Podolske, J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Wisthaler, A.; Mikoviny, T.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion Phys & Appl Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Warneke, C.; Jimenez, J.; Cubison, M.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP McNaughton, CS (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM csmcnaug@hawaii.edu RI de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Cozic, Julie/A-5464-2011; Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Kondo, Yutaka/D-1459-2012; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Lack, Daniel/I-9053-2012; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Watts, Laurel/G-4532-2013 OI de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; Watts, Laurel/0000-0002-0834-3329 FU NASA; NOAA [NASA NNX08AD39G, NSF/UCAR S05-39607] FX The authors would like to thank the NASA and NOAA support staff as well as the aircraft flight crews for their assistance in collecting this important data. We would also like to acknowledge Karl Froyd and the PALMS team for providing data critical to separating supermicrometer aerosol into dust and sea salt types. The lead author would like to thank the Association of Polar Early Career Scientists (APECS) for travel support to present these results at the International Polar Year Science Conference in Oslo Norway in June 2010. This work is funded under NASA and NOAA Grants: NASA NNX08AD39G and NSF/UCAR S05-39607 (JLJ and MJC). NR 103 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 34 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 15 BP 7561 EP 7582 DI 10.5194/acp-11-7561-2011 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 806RA UT WOS:000293826500010 ER PT J AU Huneeus, N Schulz, M Balkanski, Y Griesfeller, J Prospero, J Kinne, S Bauer, S Boucher, O Chin, M Dentener, F Diehl, T Easter, R Fillmore, D Ghan, S Ginoux, P Grini, A Horowitz, L Koch, D Krol, MC Landing, W Liu, X Mahowald, N Miller, R Morcrette, JJ Myhre, G Penner, J Perlwitz, J Stier, P Takemura, T Zender, CS AF Huneeus, N. Schulz, M. Balkanski, Y. Griesfeller, J. Prospero, J. Kinne, S. Bauer, S. Boucher, O. Chin, M. Dentener, F. Diehl, T. Easter, R. Fillmore, D. Ghan, S. Ginoux, P. Grini, A. Horowitz, L. Koch, D. Krol, M. C. Landing, W. Liu, X. Mahowald, N. Miller, R. Morcrette, J. -J. Myhre, G. Penner, J. Perlwitz, J. Stier, P. Takemura, T. Zender, C. S. TI Global dust model intercomparison in AeroCom phase I SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC IRON DEPOSITION; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; MINERAL DUST; AEROSOL DIRECT; TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; GODDARD-INSTITUTE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; SULFUR CYCLE AB This study presents the results of a broad intercomparison of a total of 15 global aerosol models within the AeroCom project. Each model is compared to observations related to desert dust aerosols, their direct radiative effect, and their impact on the biogeochemical cycle, i.e., aerosol optical depth (AOD) and dust deposition. Additional com parisons to Angstrom exponent (AE), coarse mode AOD and dust surface concentrations are included to extend the assessment of model performance and to identify common biases present in models. These data comprise a benchmark dataset that is proposed for model inspection and future dust model development. There are large differences among the global models that simulate the dust cycle and its impact on climate. In general, models simulate the climatology of vertically integrated parameters (AOD and AE) within a factor of two whereas the total deposition and surface concentration are reproduced within a factor of 10. In addition, smaller mean normalized bias and root mean square errors are obtained for the climatology of AOD and AE than for total deposition and surface concentration. Characteristics of the datasets used and their uncertainties may influence these differences. Large uncertainties still exist with respect to the deposition fluxes in the southern oceans. Further measurements and model studies are necessary to assess the general model performance to reproduce dust deposition in ocean regions sensible to iron contributions. Models overestimate the wet deposition in regions dominated by dry deposition. They generally simulate more realistic surface concentration at stations downwind of the main sources than at remote ones. Most models simulate the gradient in AOD and AE between the different dusty regions. However the seasonality and magnitude of both variables is better simulated at African stations than Middle East ones. The models simulate the offshore transport of West Africa throughout the year but they overestimate the AOD and they transport too fine particles. The models also reproduce the dust transport across the Atlantic in the summer in terms of both AOD and AE but not so well in winter-spring nor the southward displacement of the dust cloud that is responsible of the dust transport into South America. Based on the dependency of AOD on aerosol burden and size distribution we use model bias with respect to AOD and AE to infer the bias of the dust emissions in Africa and the Middle East. According to this analysis we suggest that a range of possible emissions for North Africa is 400 to 2200 Tg yr(-1) and in the Middle East 26 to 526 Tg yr(-1) C1 [Huneeus, N.; Schulz, M.; Balkanski, Y.; Griesfeller, J.] IPSL, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Schulz, M.; Griesfeller, J.] Inst Meteorol, Oslo, Norway. [Prospero, J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Kinne, S.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Bauer, S.; Koch, D.] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY USA. [Bauer, S.; Koch, D.; Miller, R.; Perlwitz, J.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Koch, D.] US DOE, Washington, DC USA. [Boucher, O.] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Chin, M.; Diehl, T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Diehl, T.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Easter, R.; Ghan, S.; Liu, X.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Fillmore, D.] NCAR, Boulder, CO USA. [Ginoux, P.; Horowitz, L.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Grini, A.; Myhre, G.] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Oslo, Norway. [Grini, A.] Kongsberg Oil & Gas Technol, Kongsberg, Norway. [Krol, M. C.] Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Krol, M. C.] Wageningen Univ, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Landing, W.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Liu, X.; Penner, J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Mahowald, N.] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY USA. [Miller, R.; Perlwitz, J.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA. [Morcrette, J. -J.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Myhre, G.] Ctr Int Climate & Environm Res Oslo CICERO, Oslo, Norway. [Stier, P.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. [Takemura, T.] Kyushu Univ, Res Inst Appl Mech, Fukuoka 812, Japan. [Zender, C. S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. RP Huneeus, N (reprint author), IPSL, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM nicolas.huneeus@lsce.ipsl.fr RI Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Liu, Xiaohong/E-9304-2011; Balkanski, Yves/A-6616-2011; Bauer, Susanne/P-3082-2014; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; Myhre, Gunnar/A-3598-2008; Schulz, Michael/A-6930-2011; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Huneeus, Nicolas/J-4994-2016; Stier, Philip/B-2258-2008; Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011; Prospero, Joseph/E-9436-2011; Zender, Charles/D-4485-2012; Takemura, Toshihiko/C-2822-2009; Miller, Ron/E-1902-2012; Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Boucher, Olivier/J-5810-2012; Boucher, Olivier/K-7483-2012; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012; Mahowald, Natalie/D-8388-2013; Penner, Joyce/J-1719-2012; Krol, Maarten/E-3414-2013 OI Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Liu, Xiaohong/0000-0002-3994-5955; Balkanski, Yves/0000-0001-8241-2858; Myhre, Gunnar/0000-0002-4309-476X; Schulz, Michael/0000-0003-4493-4158; Prospero, Joseph/0000-0003-3608-6160; Huneeus, Nicolas/0000-0002-6214-5518; Stier, Philip/0000-0002-1191-0128; Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699; Zender, Charles/0000-0003-0129-8024; Takemura, Toshihiko/0000-0002-2859-6067; Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; Boucher, Olivier/0000-0003-2328-5769; Boucher, Olivier/0000-0003-2328-5769; Mahowald, Natalie/0000-0002-2873-997X; FU European Commission under EU [218793]; DECC; DECC/Defra [GA01101]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science; NASA [NNX07AI56G]; Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830] FX The authors would like to thank two reviewers for their useful comments that contributed to improve the manuscript. In addition we thank the AERONET program for establishing and maintaining the used sites. This study was co-funded by the European Commission under the EU Seventh Research Framework Program (grant agreement No 218793, MACC). O. Boucher was supported by the Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate Programme, DECC/Defra (GA01101). S. Ghan and R. Easter were funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program and by the NASA Interdisciplinary Science Program under grant NNX07AI56G. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. NR 99 TC 230 Z9 234 U1 6 U2 87 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 15 BP 7781 EP 7816 DI 10.5194/acp-11-7781-2011 PG 36 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 806RA UT WOS:000293826500024 ER PT J AU Lance, S Shupe, MD Feingold, G Brock, CA Cozic, J Holloway, JS Moore, RH Nenes, A Schwarz, JP Spackman, JR Froyd, KD Murphy, DM Brioude, J Cooper, OR Stohl, A Burkhart, JF AF Lance, S. Shupe, M. D. Feingold, G. Brock, C. A. Cozic, J. Holloway, J. S. Moore, R. H. Nenes, A. Schwarz, J. P. Spackman, J. R. Froyd, K. D. Murphy, D. M. Brioude, J. Cooper, O. R. Stohl, A. Burkhart, J. F. TI Cloud condensation nuclei as a modulator of ice processes in Arctic mixed-phase clouds SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CONTACT NUCLEATION; RESOLVING SIMULATIONS; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; BOUNDARY-LAYERS; PART II; AEROSOL; WATER; PARTICLES; PARAMETERIZATION; CRYSTALLIZATION AB We propose that cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations are important for modulating ice formation of Arctic mixed-phase clouds, through modification of the droplet size distribution. Aircraft observations from the Aerosol, Radiation, and Cloud Processes affecting Arctic Climate (ARCPAC) study in northern Alaska in April 2008 allow for identification and characterization of both aerosol and trace gas pollutants, which are then compared with cloud microphysical properties. Consistent with previous studies, we find that the concentration of precipitating ice particles (> 400 mu m) is correlated with the concentration of large droplets (> 30 mu m). We are further able to link the observed microphysical conditions to aerosol pollution, originating mainly from long range transport of biomass burning emissions. The case studies demonstrate that polluted mixed-phase clouds have narrower droplet size distributions and contain 1-2 orders of magnitude fewer precipitating ice particles than clean clouds at the same temperature. This suggests an aerosol indirect effect leading to greater cloud lifetime, greater cloud emissivity, and reduced precipitation. This result is opposite to the glaciation indirect effect, whereby polluted clouds are expected to precipitate more readily due to an increase in the concentration of particles acting as ice nuclei. C1 [Lance, S.; Feingold, G.; Brock, C. A.; Cozic, J.; Holloway, J. S.; Schwarz, J. P.; Spackman, J. R.; Froyd, K. D.; Murphy, D. M.; Brioude, J.; Cooper, O. R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lance, S.; Shupe, M. D.; Cozic, J.; Holloway, J. S.; Schwarz, J. P.; Spackman, J. R.; Froyd, K. D.; Brioude, J.; Cooper, O. R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Shupe, M. D.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Moore, R. H.; Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Stohl, A.; Burkhart, J. F.] Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway. [Burkhart, J. F.] Univ Calif, Sierra Nevada Res Inst, Merced, CA USA. RP Lance, S (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sara.m.lance@noaa.gov RI Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Cooper, Owen/H-4875-2013; Froyd, Karl/H-6607-2013; Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Cozic, Julie/A-5464-2011; Moore, Richard/E-9653-2010; Lance, Sara/A-4834-2011; Brioude, Jerome/E-4629-2011; Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; OI Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982; Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Burkhart, John/0000-0002-5587-1693 FU NOAA; US National Research Council; US NSF; US DOE [DE-FG01-05ER63965]; Norwegian Research Council FX All authors acknowledge support from the NOAA climate and air quality programs. We thank Jorge Delgado and the NOAA Aircraft Operations Center for allowing use of their equipment and for technical support in the field. S. Lance thanks the US National Research Council for a research associateships program postdoctoral fellowship. A. Nenes acknowledges support from a US NSF CAREER grant. R. Moore acknowledges support from a US DOE global change education program graduate research fellowship. M. Shupe acknowledges support by US DOE grant DE-FG01-05ER63965. J. F. Burhart and A. Stohl were supported by the Norwegian Research Council in the framework of POLARCAT-Norway. MODIS hotspot data provided courtesy of NASA and the University of Maryland. NR 73 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 26 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 15 BP 8003 EP 8015 DI 10.5194/acp-11-8003-2011 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 806RA UT WOS:000293826500036 ER PT J AU Lapina, K Heald, CL Spracklen, DV Arnold, SR Allan, JD Coe, H McFiggans, G Zorn, SR Drewnick, F Bates, TS Hawkins, LN Russell, LM Smirnov, A O'Dowd, CD Hind, AJ AF Lapina, K. Heald, C. L. Spracklen, D. V. Arnold, S. R. Allan, J. D. Coe, H. McFiggans, G. Zorn, S. R. Drewnick, F. Bates, T. S. Hawkins, L. N. Russell, L. M. Smirnov, A. O'Dowd, C. D. Hind, A. J. TI Investigating organic aerosol loading in the remote marine environment SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETER; UNITED-STATES; SEA-SALT; ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES; MINERAL DUST; PART 1; EMISSIONS; OCEAN; ISOPRENE; ATLANTIC AB Aerosol loading in the marine environment is investigated using aerosol composition measurements from several research ship campaigns (ICEALOT, MAP, RHaMBLe, VOCALS and OOMPH), observations of total AOD column from satellite (MODIS) and ship-based instruments (Maritime Aerosol Network, MAN), and a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem). This work represents the most comprehensive evaluation of oceanic OM emission inventories to date, by employing aerosol composition measurements obtained from campaigns with wide spatial and temporal coverage. The model underestimates AOD over the remote ocean on average by 0.02 (21 %), compared to satellite observations, but provides an unbiased simulation of ground-based Maritime Aerosol Network (MAN) observations. Comparison with cruise data demonstrates that the GEOS-Chem simulation of marine sulfate, with the mean observed values ranging between 0.22 mu gm(-3) and 1.34 mu gm(-3), is generally unbiased, however surface organic matter (OM) concentrations, with the mean observed concentrations between 0.07 mu gm(-3) and 0.77 mu gm(-3), are underestimated by a factor of 2-5 for the standard model run. Addition of a sub-micron marine OM source of approximately 9 TgC yr(-1) brings the model into agreement with the ship-based measurements, however this additional OM source does not explain the model underestimate of marine AOD. The model underestimate of marine AOD is therefore likely the result of a combination of satellite retrieval bias and a missing marine aerosol source (which exhibits a different spatial pattern than existing aerosol in the model). C1 [Lapina, K.; Heald, C. L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Spracklen, D. V.; Arnold, S. R.] Univ Leeds, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Allan, J. D.; Coe, H.; McFiggans, G.] Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Zorn, S. R.; Drewnick, F.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Bates, T. S.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hawkins, L. N.; Russell, L. M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Smirnov, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [O'Dowd, C. D.] Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Sch Phys, Galway, Ireland. [O'Dowd, C. D.] Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Ctr Climate & Air Pollut Studies, Galway, Ireland. [Hind, A. J.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, W Boothbay Harbor, ME USA. RP Lapina, K (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM klapina@atmos.colostate.edu RI McFiggans, Gordon/B-8689-2011; Heald, Colette/A-6813-2011; Allan, James/B-1160-2010; Coe, Hugh/C-8733-2013; Spracklen, Dominick/B-4890-2014; Arnold, Steve/B-8856-2014; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; O'Dowd , Colin/K-8904-2012; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; OI McFiggans, Gordon/0000-0002-3423-7896; Coe, Hugh/0000-0002-3264-1713; Allan, James/0000-0001-6492-4876; O'Dowd , Colin/0000-0002-3068-2212; Arnold, Steve/0000-0002-4881-5685 FU NASA [NNX08AN75G]; National Environment Research Council (NERC) through the Aerosol Characterisation and Modelling in the Marine Environment (ACMME) [NE/E011454/1]; Reactive Halogens in the Marine Boundary Layer (RHaMBLe) [NE/D006570/1]; NSF [ATM-0744636, 0741818]; European Union (EU); Institut Polaire Franais Paul mile Victor (IPEV) FX This work was supported by NASA, grant NNX08AN75G. We thank the MODIS and the SeaWIFS teams for the aerosol and chlorophyll-a products and Jeffrey Reid (NRL) and Jianglong Zhang (University of North Dakota) for providing their quality controlled level-3 MODIS aerosol product. RHaMBLe measurements were supported by the National Environment Research Council (NERC) through the Aerosol Characterisation and Modelling in the Marine Environment (ACMME, NE/E011454/1) and Reactive Halogens in the Marine Boundary Layer (RHaMBLe, NE/D006570/1) projects, both part of the Surface-Ocean/Lower Atmosphere Study (UK SOLAS) directed programme. VOCALS measurements were supported by NSF grant ATM-0744636. OOMPH measurements were supported by the European Union (EU) through the OOMPH project of the EU Sixth Framework Programme and by the Institut Polaire Franais Paul mile Victor (IPEV) through the IPEV-AEROTRACE program. We acknowledge the MAN PIs: Patricia Quinn (USA), Norman Nelson (USA), Joaquim Goes (USA), Andrey Proshutinsky (USA), Andreas Macke (Germany), Sergey Sakerin (Russia), Tim Smyth (UK), Jean Sciare (France), Tymon Zielinski (Poland), Giuseppe Zibordi (Italy), Mike Harvey (New Zealand) and Stuart Piketh (South Africa). We also acknowledge NSF OCE grant 0741818 awarded to P. A. Matrai as part of the VOCALS REx program. NR 71 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 25 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 17 BP 8847 EP 8860 DI 10.5194/acp-11-8847-2011 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 819EW UT WOS:000294809200002 ER PT J AU Huisman, AJ Hottle, JR Galloway, MM DiGangi, JP Coens, KL Choi, W Faloona, IC Gilman, JB Kuster, WC de Gouw, J Bouvier-Brown, NC Goldstein, AH LaFranchi, BW Cohen, RC Wolfe, GM Thornton, JA Docherty, KS Farmer, DK Cubison, MJ Jimenez, JL Mao, J Brune, WH Keutsch, FN AF Huisman, A. J. Hottle, J. R. Galloway, M. M. DiGangi, J. P. Coens, K. L. Choi, W. Faloona, I. C. Gilman, J. B. Kuster, W. C. de Gouw, J. Bouvier-Brown, N. C. Goldstein, A. H. LaFranchi, B. W. Cohen, R. C. Wolfe, G. M. Thornton, J. A. Docherty, K. S. Farmer, D. K. Cubison, M. J. Jimenez, J. L. Mao, J. Brune, W. H. Keutsch, F. N. TI Photochemical modeling of glyoxal at a rural site: observations and analysis from BEARPEX 2007 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; PONDEROSA PINE PLANTATION; PEROXY NITRATES PAN; TROPOSPHERIC DEGRADATION; ATMOSPHERIC OXIDATION; CHEMICAL MECHANISM; VOC REACTIVITY; FOREST CANOPY; EMISSION RATE; ISOPRENE AB We present roughly one month of high time-resolution, direct, in situ measurements of gas-phase glyoxal acquired during the BEARPEX 2007 field campaign. The research site, located on a ponderosa pine plantation in the Sierra Nevada mountains, is strongly influenced by biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs); thus this data adds to the few existing measurements of glyoxal in BVOC-dominated areas. The short lifetime of glyoxal of similar to 1 h, the fact that glyoxal mixing ratios are much higher during high temperature periods, and the results of a photochemical model demonstrate that glyoxal is strongly influenced by BVOC precursors during high temperature periods. A zero-dimensional box model using near-explicit chemistry from the Leeds Master Chemical Mechanism v3.1 was used to investigate the processes controlling glyoxal chemistry during BEARPEX 2007. The model showed that MBO is the most important glyoxal precursor (similar to 67 %), followed by isoprene (similar to 26 %) and methylchavicol (similar to 6 %), a precursor previously not commonly considered for glyoxal production. The model calculated a noon lifetime for glyoxal of similar to 0.9 h, making glyoxal well suited as a local tracer of VOC oxidation in a forested rural environment; however, the modeled glyoxal mixing ratios over-predicted measured glyoxal by a factor 2 to 5. Loss of glyoxal to aerosol was not found to be significant, likely as a result of the very dry conditions, and could not explain the over-prediction. Although several parameters, such as an approximation for advection, were found to improve the model measurement discrepancy, reduction in OH was by far the most effective. Reducing model OH concentrations to half the measured values decreased the glyoxal over-prediction from a factor of 2.4 to 1.1, as well as the overprediction of HO2 from a factor of 1.64 to 1.14. Our analysis has shown that glyoxal is particularly sensitive to OH concentration compared to other BVOC oxidation products. This relationship arises from (i) the predominantly secondary- or higher-generation production of glyoxal from (mainly OH-driven, rather than O-3-driven) BVOC oxidation at this site and (ii) the relative importance of photolysis in glyoxal loss as compared to reaction with OH. We propose that glyoxal is a useful tracer for OH-driven BVOC oxidation chemistry. C1 [Huisman, A. J.; Hottle, J. R.; Galloway, M. M.; DiGangi, J. P.; Coens, K. L.; Keutsch, F. N.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Choi, W.; Faloona, I. C.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Gilman, J. B.; Kuster, W. C.; de Gouw, J.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gilman, J. B.; Kuster, W. C.; de Gouw, J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bouvier-Brown, N. C.; Goldstein, A. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [LaFranchi, B. W.; Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wolfe, G. M.; Thornton, J. A.] Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Docherty, K. S.; Farmer, D. K.; Cubison, M. J.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Docherty, K. S.; Farmer, D. K.; Cubison, M. J.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mao, J.; Brune, W. H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Keutsch, FN (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, 1101 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM keutsch@chem.wisc.edu RI Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Mao, Jingqiu/F-2511-2010; Huisman, Andrew/K-6452-2013; Keutsch, Frank/B-2391-2012; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Thornton, Joel/C-1142-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Wolfe, Glenn/D-5289-2011; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010 OI Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Mao, Jingqiu/0000-0002-4774-9751; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Thornton, Joel/0000-0002-5098-4867; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588 FU University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Chemistry; Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation; National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship (NDSEG); Army Research Office (ARO); NSF [ATM 0852406, ATM 0724912, ATM 0449815, ATM 0919189, ATM 0922562]; NDSEG-ARO; National Science Foundation, Division of Atmospheric Sciences [0516610]; NOAA FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Chemistry. The authors would like to thank Sierra Pacific Industries for the use of their land and the University of California, Berkeley, Center for Forestry, Blodgett Forest Research Station for cooperation in facilitating this research. This work was supported by the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation, a National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship (NDSEG) funded by the Army Research Office (ARO) and NSF ATM 0852406. Development of the Madison-LIP instrument and measurements during BEARPEX 2007 were supported by NSF ATM 0724912, and the NDSEG-ARO. The NOAA GC-MS measurements were supported by the National Science Foundation, Division of Atmospheric Sciences (grant 0516610). DKF, KSD, MJC and JLJ were supported by NSF ATM 0449815 & ATM 0919189, and a NOAA postdoctoral fellowship to DKF. A. H. G. and N. C. B.-B. were supported by NSF ATM 0922562. NR 77 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 37 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 17 BP 8883 EP 8897 DI 10.5194/acp-11-8883-2011 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 819EW UT WOS:000294809200004 ER PT J AU Riemer, M Montgomery, MT AF Riemer, M. Montgomery, M. T. TI Simple kinematic models for the environmental interaction of tropical cyclones in vertical wind shear SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VORTEX ROSSBY-WAVES; SIMULATED HURRICANE; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; SPIRAL BANDS; FLUID-FLOWS; PART I; INTENSITY; LAYER; DYNAMICS; RESILIENCY AB A major impediment to the intensity forecast of tropical cyclones (TCs) is believed to be associated with the interaction of TCs with dry environmental air. However, the conditions under which pronounced TC-environment interaction takes place are not well understood. As a step towards improving our understanding of this problem, we analyze here the flow topology of a TC immersed in an environment of vertical wind shear in an idealized, three-dimensional, convection-permitting numerical experiment. A set of distinct streamlines, the so-called manifolds, can be identified under the assumptions of steady and layer-wise horizontal flow. The manifolds are shown to divide the flow around the TC into distinct regions. The manifold structure in our numerical experiment is more complex than the well-known manifold structure of a non-divergent point vortex in uniform background flow. In particular, one manifold spirals inwards and ends in a limit cycle, a meso-scale dividing streamline encompassing the eyewall above the layer of strong inflow associated with surface friction and below the outflow layer in the upper troposphere. From the perspective of a steady and layer-wise horizontal flow model, the eyewall is well protected from the intrusion of environmental air. In order for the environmental air to intrude into the inner-core convection, time-dependent and/or vertical motions, which are prevalent in the TC inner-core, are necessary. Air with the highest values of moist-entropy resides within the limit cycle. This "moist envelope" is distorted considerably by the imposed vertical wind shear, and the shape of the moist envelope is closely related to the shape of the limit cycle. In a first approximation, the distribution of high- and low-theta(e) air around the TC at low to mid-levels is governed by the stirring of convectively modified air by the steady, horizontal flow. Motivated by the results from the idealized numerical experiment, an analogue model based on a weakly divergent point vortex in background flow is formulated. The simple kinematic model captures the essence of many salient features of the manifold structure in the numerical experiment. A regime diagram representing realistic values of TC intensity and vertical wind shear can be constructed for the point-vortex model. The results indicate distinct scenarios of environmental interaction depending on the ratio of storm intensity and vertical-shear magnitude. Further implications of the new results derived from the manifold analysis for TCs in the real atmosphere are discussed. C1 [Riemer, M.; Montgomery, M. T.] USN, Dept Meteorol, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Montgomery, M. T.] NOAAs Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. RP Riemer, M (reprint author), Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Atmospher Phys, Mainz, Germany. EM mriemer@uni-mainz.de RI Riemer, Michael/C-5491-2009 FU National Research Council at the Naval Postgraduate School; NASA [NNG09HG031]; NFS [ATM-0649946, ATM-0715426]; ONR [N000014-03-1-0185] FX This research was performed while the first author held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Naval Postgraduate School. We acknowledge helpful discussions with Kerry Emanuel and Scott Braun. We thank also Michael Bell and Blake Rutherford for their insightful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. The reviews of two anonymous referees and of Brian Tang helped to improve the presentation of our results. This work is supported by NASA grant NNG09HG031, NFS grant ATM-0649946, NSF Cooperative Agreement ATM-0715426, and ONR grant N000014-03-1-0185. NR 46 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 17 BP 9395 EP 9414 DI 10.5194/acp-11-9395-2011 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 819EW UT WOS:000294809200031 ER PT J AU Zheng, X Albrecht, B Jonsson, HH Khelif, D Feingold, G Minnis, P Ayers, K Chuang, P Donaher, S Rossiter, D Ghate, V Ruiz-Plancarte, J Sun-Mack, S AF Zheng, X. Albrecht, B. Jonsson, H. H. Khelif, D. Feingold, G. Minnis, P. Ayers, K. Chuang, P. Donaher, S. Rossiter, D. Ghate, V. Ruiz-Plancarte, J. Sun-Mack, S. TI Observations of the boundary layer, cloud, and aerosol variability in the southeast Pacific near-coastal marine stratocumulus during VOCALS-REx SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIURNAL CYCLE; LOWER TROPOSPHERE; EAST PACIFIC; PRECIPITATION; ENTRAINMENT; CIRCULATION; DYNAMICS; OCEAN; JET AB Aircraft observations made off the coast of northern Chile in the Southeastern Pacific (20 degrees S, 72 degrees W; named Point Alpha) from 16 October to 13 November 2008 during the VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study-Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx), combined with meteorological reanalysis, satellite measurements, and radiosonde data, are used to investigate the boundary layer (BL) and aerosol-cloud-drizzle variations in this region. On days without predominately synoptic and meso-scale influences, the BL at Point Alpha was typical of a non-drizzling stratocumulus-topped BL. Entrainment rates calculated from the near cloud-top fluxes and turbulence in the BL at Point Alpha appeared to be weaker than those in the BL over the open ocean west of Point Alpha and the BL near the coast of the northeast Pacific. The cloud liquid water path (LWP) varied between 15 gm(-2) and 160 gm(-2). The BL had a depth of 1140 +/- 120 m, was generally well-mixed and capped by a sharp inversion without predominately synoptic and mesoscale influences. The wind direction generally switched from southerly within the BL to northerly above the inversion. On days when a synoptic system and related mesoscale costal circulations affected conditions at Point Alpha (29 October-4 November), a moist layer above the inversion moved over Point Alpha, and the total-water mixing ratio above the inversion was larger than that within the BL. The accumulation mode aerosol varied from 250 to 700 cm(-3) within the BL, and CCN at 0.2% supersaturation within the BL ranged between 150 and 550 cm(-3). The main aerosol source at Point Alpha was horizontal advection within the BL from south. The average cloud droplet number concentration ranged between 80 and 400 cm(-3). While the mean LWP retrieved from GOES was in good agreement with the in situ measurements, the GOES-derived cloud droplet effective radius tended to be larger than that from the aircraft in situ observations near cloud top. The aerosol and cloud LWP relationship reveals that during the typical well-mixed BL days the cloud LWP increased with the CCN concentrations. On the other hand, meteorological factors and the decoupling processes have large influences on the cloud LWP variation as well. C1 [Zheng, X.; Albrecht, B.; Donaher, S.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Jonsson, H. H.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Khelif, D.; Ruiz-Plancarte, J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Feingold, G.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Minnis, P.; Ayers, K.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Chuang, P.; Rossiter, D.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Ghate, V.] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Sun-Mack, S.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. RP Zheng, X (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM xzheng@rsmas.miami.edu RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Zheng, Xue/F-9988-2016; Minnis, Patrick/G-1902-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Zheng, Xue/0000-0002-9372-1776; Minnis, Patrick/0000-0002-4733-6148; FU ONR [N000140810465, N000140810438]; NOAA/CPPA [NA08OAR4320889]; NASA; Department of Energy [DE-AI02-07ER64546]; NOAA FX The observations used in this study were made possible through the dedicated efforts of several individuals. Pilots Mike Hubble and Chris McGuire were instrumental in the development and execution of the flight plans and endured the long ferry of the Twin Otter aircraft to Iquique Chile and back. This work was supported by ONR grant N000140810465 and the NOAA/CPPA Program under grant NA08OAR4320889. Djamal Khelif was supported by ONR grant N000140810438. P. Minnis, K. Ayers, and S. Sun-Mack were supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction Program, the NASA Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System Project, and the Department of Energy ARM Program through DE-AI02-07ER64546. Graham Feingold was supported by NOAA's Climate Goal. NR 41 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 17 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 18 BP 9943 EP 9959 DI 10.5194/acp-11-9943-2011 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 826QL UT WOS:000295368700034 ER PT J AU Weigel, R Borrmann, S Kazil, J Minikin, A Stohl, A Wilson, JC Reeves, JM Kunkel, D de Reus, M Frey, W Lovejoy, ER Volk, CM Viciani, S D'Amato, F Schiller, C Peter, T Schlager, H Cairo, F Law, KS Shur, GN Belyaev, GV Curtius, J AF Weigel, R. Borrmann, S. Kazil, J. Minikin, A. Stohl, A. Wilson, J. C. Reeves, J. M. Kunkel, D. de Reus, M. Frey, W. Lovejoy, E. R. Volk, C. M. Viciani, S. D'Amato, F. Schiller, C. Peter, T. Schlager, H. Cairo, F. Law, K. S. Shur, G. N. Belyaev, G. V. Curtius, J. TI In situ observations of new particle formation in the tropical upper troposphere: the role of clouds and the nucleation mechanism SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DISPERSION MODEL FLEXPART; AQUEOUS SULFURIC-ACID; GALACTIC COSMIC-RAYS; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; AEROSOL NUCLEATION; TROPOPAUSE LAYER; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; DEEP CONVECTION; CIRRUS CLOUDS; WEST-AFRICA AB New particle formation (NPF), which generates nucleation mode aerosol, was observed in the tropical Upper Troposphere (UT) and Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL) by in situ airborne measurements over South America (January-March 2005), Australia (November-December 2005), West Africa (August 2006) and Central America (2004-2007). Particularly intense NPF was found at the bottom of the TTL. Measurements with a set of condensation particle counters (CPCs) with different d(p50) (50% lower size detection efficiency diameter or "cut-off diameter") were conducted on board the M-55 Geophysica in the altitude range of 12.0-20.5 km and on board the DLR Falcon-20 at up to 11.5 km altitude. On board the NASA WB-57F size distributions were measured over Central America in the 4 to 1000 nm diameter range with a system of nucleation mode aerosol spectrometers. Nucleation mode particle concentrations (NNM) were derived from these measurements which allow for identifying many NPF events with N-NM in the range of thousands of particles per cm(3). Over Australia and West Africa, we identified NPF in the outflow of tropical convection, in particular of a Mesoscale Convective System (MCS). Newly formed particles with N-NM > 1000 cm(-3) were found to coexist with ice cloud particles (d(p) > 2 mu m) as long as cloud particle concentrations remained below 2 cm(-3). The occurrence of NPF within the upper troposphere and the TTL was generally confined within 340 K to 380 K potential temperature, but NPF was of particular strength between 350 K and 370 K (i.e. similar to 1-4 km below the cold point tropopause). Analyses of the aerosol volatility (at 250 degrees C) show that in the TTL on average 75-90% of the particles were volatile, compared to typically only 50% in the extra-tropical UT, indicative for the particles to mainly consist of H2SO4-H2O and possibly organic compounds. Along two flight segments over Central and South America (24 February 2005 and 7 August 2006, at 12.5 km altitude) in cloud free air, above thin cirrus, particularly high N-NM were observed. Recent lifting had influenced the probed air masses, and N-NM reached up to 16 000 particles cm(-3) (ambient concentration). A sensitivity study using an aerosol model, which includes neutral and ion induced nucleation processes, simulates N-NM in reasonable agreement with the in situ observations of clear-air NPF. Based on new, stringent multi-CPC criteria, our measurements corroborate the hypothesis that the tropical UT and the TTL are regions supplying freshly nucleated particles. Our findings narrow the altitude of the main source region to the bottom TTL, i.e. to the level of main tropical convection outflow, and, by means of measurements of carbon monoxide, they indicate the importance of anthropogenic emissions in NPF. After growth and/or coalescence the nucleation mode particles may act as cloud condensation nuclei in the tropical UT, or, upon ascent into the stratosphere, contribute to maintain the stratospheric background aerosol. C1 [Weigel, R.; Borrmann, S.; de Reus, M.; Curtius, J.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Mainz, Germany. [Borrmann, S.; Kunkel, D.; Frey, W.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Abt Partikelchem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Kazil, J.; Lovejoy, E. R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kazil, J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Minikin, A.; Schlager, H.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Stohl, A.] Norwegian Inst Air Res NILU, Kjeller, Norway. [Wilson, J. C.; Reeves, J. M.] Univ Denver, Dept Engn, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Volk, C. M.] Berg Univ Wuppertal, Inst Atmospharenphys, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. [Viciani, S.; D'Amato, F.] CNR, Ist Nazl Ott, Florence, Italy. [Schiller, C.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energie & Klimaforsch Stratosphare, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Peter, T.] Eidgenossische Tech Hsch ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Cairo, F.] CNR, Ist Sci Atmosfera & Clima ISAC CNR, Florence, Italy. [Law, K. S.] Univ Paris 06, UPMC, Paris, France. [Law, K. S.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, Paris, France. [Law, K. S.] CNRS INSU, LATMOS IPSL, UMR 8190, Paris, France. [Shur, G. N.] Cent Aerol Observ, Dolgoprudnyi, Moskow Region, Russia. [Belyaev, G. V.] MDB Myasishchev Design Bur, Moscow, Russia. RP Weigel, R (reprint author), Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Mainz, Germany. EM weigelr@uni-mainz.de RI Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Minikin, Andreas/A-3904-2011; Borrmann, Stephan/E-3868-2010; Schiller, Cornelius/B-1004-2013; Kazil, Jan/B-7652-2013; Kunkel, Daniel/D-7287-2014; Frey, Wiebke/G-2058-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; cairo, francesco/C-7460-2015 OI Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Minikin, Andreas/0000-0003-0999-4657; Kazil, Jan/0000-0003-3271-2451; Kunkel, Daniel/0000-0002-9652-0099; Frey, Wiebke/0000-0003-4282-1264; cairo, francesco/0000-0002-2886-2601 FU EC [EVK2-CT-2001-00122, 505390-GOCE-CT-2004-505390, 004089-2]; EEIG-Geophysica Consortium; CNRS-INSU; DLR; European Community; NOAA [NA08OAR4310566]; NASA Earth Science Division FX The TROCCINOX and SCOUT-O3 projects were funded by the EC under Contracts No. EVK2-CT-2001-00122 and 505390-GOCE-CT-2004-505390. The M-55 Geophysica campaigns also were supported by the EEIG-Geophysica Consortium, CNRS-INSU, EC Integrated Projects AMMA-EU (Contract No. 004089-2), and by the DLR. Based on a French initiative, AMMA was funded by several research agencies from France, the United Kingdom, the United States, Africa, Germany, and in particular from the European Community Sixth Framework Program (AMMA-EU). For us significant support also was provided from the Max-Planck-Society. Also we acknowledge logistical support from the AMMA Operations Centre in Niamey, Niger. The local authorities, scientists, and staff in Aracatuba (Brazil), Darwin (Australia) and Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) were extraordinarily helpful for conducting the campaigns. We thank T. Drabo (Ouagadougou), S. Balestri and the entire Geophysica crew, especially the pilots and engineers. Essential technical support for our instruments was provided by T. Bottger, W. Schneider, C. von Glahn, and M. Flanz, and is most gratefully acknowledged. H. Ruba, T. Hamburger and B. Weinzierl are acknowledged for supporting the CPC measurements aboard the DLR Falcon-20. We thank U. Schumann (DLR) for the coordination and the flight planning during TROCCINOX. J. Kazil is supported by the NOAA OAR Climate Program Office grant NA08OAR4310566. The flight missions of the NASA WB-57F aircraft (Pre-AVE, AVE 0506, Cr-AVE and TC4) in the years 2004 to 2007 during which the University of Denver NMASS-FCAS instrument participated have been supported by the NASA Earth Science Division. NR 108 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 26 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 18 BP 9983 EP 10010 DI 10.5194/acp-11-9983-2011 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 826QL UT WOS:000295368700037 ER PT J AU Solomon, A Shupe, MD Persson, POG Morrison, H AF Solomon, A. Shupe, M. D. Persson, P. O. G. Morrison, H. TI Moisture and dynamical interactions maintaining decoupled Arctic mixed-phase stratocumulus in the presence of a humidity inversion SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PART I; MODEL; ENTRAINMENT; MICROPHYSICS; SENSITIVITY; INSTABILITY; TRANSITION AB Observations suggest that processes maintaining subtropical and Arctic stratocumulus differ, due to the different environments in which they occur. For example, specific humidity inversions (specific humidity increasing with height) are frequently observed to occur near cloud top coincident with temperature inversions in the Arctic, while they do not occur in the subtropics. In this study we use nested LES simulations of decoupled Arctic Mixed-Phase Stratocumulus (AMPS) clouds observed during the DOE Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program's Indirect and SemiDirect Aerosol Campaign (ISDAC) to analyze budgets of water components, potential temperature, and turbulent kinetic energy. These analyses quantify the processes that maintain decoupled AMPS, including the role of humidity inversions. Key structural features include a shallow upper entrainment zone at cloud top that is located within the temperature and humidity inversions, a mixed layer driven by cloud-top cooling that extends from the base of the upper entrainment zone to below cloud base, and a lower entrainment zone at the base of the mixed layer. The surface layer below the lower entrainment zone is decoupled from the cloud mixed-layer system. Budget results show that cloud liquid water is maintained in the upper entrainment zone near cloud top (within a temperature and humidity inversion) due to a down gradient transport of water vapor by turbulent fluxes into the cloud layer from above and direct condensation forced by radiative cooling. Liquid water is generated in the updraft portions of the mixed-layer eddies below cloud top by buoyant destabilization. These processes cause at least 20% of the cloud liquid water to extend into the inversion. The redistribution of water vapor from the top of the humidity inversion to its base maintains the cloud layer, while the mixed layer-entrainment zone system is continually losing total water. In this decoupled system, the humidity inversion is the only source of water vapor for the cloud system, since water vapor from the surface layer is not efficiently transported into the mixed layer. Sedimentation of ice is the dominant sink of moisture from the mixed layer. C1 [Solomon, A.; Shupe, M. D.; Persson, P. O. G.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Solomon, A.; Shupe, M. D.; Persson, P. O. G.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Morrison, H.] NCAR, NESL, MMM, Boulder, CO USA. RP Solomon, A (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM amy.solomon@noaa.gov RI Solomon, Amy/L-8988-2013; Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011 OI Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982 FU Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy [DE-FG01-05ER63965]; National Science Foundation [ARC-1023366]; US DOE ARM [DE-FG02-08ER64574]; NSF Science and Technology Center for Multiscale Modeling of Atmospheric Processes (CMMAP) FX This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy (DE-FG01-05ER63965) and National Science Foundation (ARC-1023366). Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors. HM acknowledges partial funding from US DOE ARM DE-FG02-08ER64574, and the NSF Science and Technology Center for Multiscale Modeling of Atmospheric Processes (CMMAP), managed by Colorado State University used in this study were provided by the Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program. ECMWF datasets used as boundary conditions for the model simulations were downloaded from the Research Data Archive, which is maintained by the Computational and Information Systems Laboratory at the National Center for Atmospheric Research. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 50 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 20 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 19 BP 10127 EP 10148 DI 10.5194/acp-11-10127-2011 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 839HW UT WOS:000296357300008 ER PT J AU Worton, DR Goldstein, AH Farmer, DK Docherty, KS Jimenez, JL Gilman, JB Kuster, WC de Gouw, J Williams, BJ Kreisberg, NM Hering, SV Bench, G McKay, M Kristensen, K Glasius, M Surratt, JD Seinfeld, JH AF Worton, D. R. Goldstein, A. H. Farmer, D. K. Docherty, K. S. Jimenez, J. L. Gilman, J. B. Kuster, W. C. de Gouw, J. Williams, B. J. Kreisberg, N. M. Hering, S. V. Bench, G. McKay, M. Kristensen, K. Glasius, M. Surratt, J. D. Seinfeld, J. H. TI Origins and composition of fine atmospheric carbonaceous aerosol in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; PONDEROSA PINE PLANTATION; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; NON-FOSSIL CARBON; OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; HIGH-RESOLUTION; MEXICO-CITY; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS AB In this paper we report chemically resolved measurements of organic aerosol (OA) and related tracers during the Biosphere Effects on Aerosols and Photochemistry Experiment (BEARPEX) at the Blodgett Forest Research Station, California from 15 August-10 October 2007. OA contributed the majority of the mass to the fine atmospheric particles and was predominately oxygenated (OOA). The highest concentrations of OA were during sporadic wildfire influence when aged plumes were impacting the site. In situ measurements of particle phase molecular markers were dominated by secondary compounds and along with gas phase compounds could be categorized into six factors or sources: (1) aged biomass burning emissions and oxidized urban emissions, (2) oxidized urban emissions (3) oxidation products of monoterpene emissions, (4) monoterpene emissions, (5) anthropogenic emissions and (6) local methyl chavicol emissions and oxidation products. There were multiple biogenic components that contributed to OA at this site whose contributions varied diurnally, seasonally and in response to changing meteorological conditions, e. g. temperature and precipitation events. Concentrations of isoprene oxidation products were larger when temperatures were higher during the first half of the campaign (15 August-12 September) due to more substantial emissions of isoprene and enhanced photochemistry. The oxidation of methyl chavicol, an oxygenated terpene emitted by ponderosa pine trees, contributed similarly to OA throughout the campaign. In contrast, the abundances of monoterpene oxidation products in the particle phase were greater during the cooler conditions in the latter half of the campaign (13 September-10 October), even though emissions of the precursors were lower, although the mechanism is not known. OA was correlated with the anthropogenic tracers 2-propyl nitrate and carbon monoxide (CO), consistent with previous observations, while being comprised of mostly non-fossil carbon (>75 %). The correlation between OA and an anthropogenic tracer does not necessarily identify the source of the carbon as being anthropogenic but instead suggests a coupling between the anthropogenic and biogenic components in the air mass that might be related to the source of the oxidant and/or the aerosol sulfate. Observations of organosulfates of isoprene and alpha-pinene provided evidence for the likely importance of aerosol sulfate in spite of neutralized aerosol although acidic plumes might have played a role upwind of the site. This is in contrast to laboratory studies where strongly acidic seed aerosols were needed in order to form these compounds. These compounds together represented only a minor fraction (<1 %) of the total OA mass, which may be the result of the neutralized aerosol at the site or because only a small number of organosulfates were quantified. The low contribution of organosulfates to total OA suggests that other mechanisms, e. g. NOx enhancement of oxidant levels, are likely responsible for the majority of the anthropogenic enhancement of biogenic secondary organic aerosol observed at this site. C1 [Worton, D. R.; Goldstein, A. H.; McKay, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Worton, D. R.; Kreisberg, N. M.; Hering, S. V.] Aerosol Dynam Inc, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. [Goldstein, A. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Farmer, D. K.; Docherty, K. S.; Jimenez, J. L.; Gilman, J. B.; de Gouw, J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Farmer, D. K.; Docherty, K. S.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gilman, J. B.; Kuster, W. C.; de Gouw, J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Williams, B. J.] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Bench, G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Kristensen, K.; Glasius, M.] Univ Aarhus, Dept Chem, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Surratt, J. D.] CALTECH, Dept Chem, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Seinfeld, J. H.] CALTECH, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Seinfeld, J. H.] CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Worton, DR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dworton@berkeley.edu RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011; Worton, David/A-8374-2012; Williams, Brent/A-2886-2013; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Surratt, Jason/D-3611-2009; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Hering, Susanne/B-1906-2012 OI Glasius, Marianne/0000-0002-4404-6989; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; Worton, David/0000-0002-6558-5586; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; Surratt, Jason/0000-0002-6833-1450; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [0922562, ATM-0516610, ATM-0919189]; University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources (ANR); Miller Institute in Basic Research in Science at the University of California Berkeley; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; NSF US-NORDIC FX Funding for UCB was provided by the National Science Foundation (NSF, Grant #0922562) and a University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources (ANR) core issue grant. AHG was partially supported by the Miller Institute in Basic Research in Science at the University of California Berkeley. DKF, KSD and JLJ were supported by NSF ATM-0919189. JBG and JDG were partially supported by the National Science Foundation under grant ATM-0516610. This work was partially performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. Analyses at the University of Aarhus were partially funded by the NSF US-NORDIC biogenic secondary organic aerosol workshop program. The authors acknowledge Sierra Pacific Industries for the use of their land and the University of California, Berkeley, Center for Forestry, Blodgett Forest Research Station for cooperation in facilitating this research. The authors thank S. S. Cliff (University of California, Davis) for the loan of the high volume filter sampler. N. C. Bouvier-Brown (Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles), Y. Zhao and E. C. Browne (University of California, Berkeley) for their help with filter collection. N. C. Bouvier-Brown is also thanked for providing the gas phase methyl chavicol data used in the factor analysis and D. M. Matross (University of California, Berkeley) for making the PTR-MS gradient measurements used to normalize the gas phase methyl chavicol data used in the factor analysis. A. Frossard (University of California, San Diego) for assistance with TAG and Brian LaFranchi (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory) for writing the data merging code. We are grateful to Nathan Eddingsaas (Caltech) for providing the BEPOX-derived organosulfate standard and Yoshiteru Iinuma (Leibniz-Institut fuer Troposphaerenforschung) for providing the beta-pinene oxide derived organosulfate standard used for quantification of IEPOX- and beta-pinene-derived organosulfates, respectively, by LC/ESI-MS techniques. Additionally, we would also like to thank Man Nin Chan and Katherine Schilling (Caltech) for their assistance with filter extractions and UPLC/ESI-HR-TOFMS analyses. NR 128 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 56 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 19 BP 10219 EP 10241 DI 10.5194/acp-11-10219-2011 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 839HW UT WOS:000296357300014 ER PT J AU Andrews, E Sheridan, PJ Ogren, JA AF Andrews, E. Sheridan, P. J. Ogren, J. A. TI Seasonal differences in the vertical profiles of aerosol optical properties over rural Oklahoma SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; FILTER-BASED MEASUREMENTS; VISIBLE-LIGHT ABSORPTION; UNITED-STATES; BLACK CARBON; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; MIXING HEIGHT; WATER-VAPOR; RAMAN-LIDAR; VARIABILITY AB A small airplane made 597 aerosol optical property (light absorption and light scattering) vertical profile measurements over a rural Oklahoma site between March 2000 and December 2007. The aerosol profiles obtained during these 8 yr of measurements suggest significant seasonal differences in aerosol loading (scattering and absorption). The highest amounts of scattering and absorbing aerosol are observed during the summer and the lowest loading occurs during the winter. The relative contribution of aerosol absorption is highest in the winter (i.e., single scattering albedo is lowest in winter), particularly aloft. Aerosol absorption generally decreased with altitude below similar to 1.5 km and then was relatively constant or decreased more gradually above that. Aerosol scattering decreased sharply with altitude below similar to 1.5 km but, unlike absorption, also decreased at higher altitudes, albeit less sharply. Scattering Angstrom exponents suggest that the aerosol was dominated by sub-micron aerosol during the summer at all altitudes, but that larger particles were present, especially in the spring and winter above 1 km. The seasonal variability observed for aerosol loading is consistent with AERONET aerosol optical depth (AOD) although the AOD values calculated from in situ adjusted to ambient conditions and matching wavelengths are up to a factor of two lower than AERONET AOD values depending on season. The column averaged single scattering albedo derived from in situ airplane measurements are similar in value to the AERONET single scattering albedo inversion product but the seasonal patterns are different - possibly a consequence of the strict constraints on obtaining single scattering albedo from AERONET data. A comparison of extinction Angstrom exponent and asymmetry parameter from the airplane and AERONET platforms suggests similar seasonal variability with smaller particles observed in the summer and fall and larger particles observed in spring and winter. The observed seasonal cycle of aerosol loading corresponds with changes in air mass back trajectories: the aerosol scattering was higher when transport was from polluted areas (e.g., the Gulf Coast) and lower when the air came from cleaner regions and/or the upper atmosphere. C1 [Andrews, E.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sheridan, P. J.; Ogren, J. A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Andrews, E (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Mail Box 216, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM betsy.andrews@noaa.gov RI Ogren, John/M-8255-2015 OI Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583 FU DOE-ARM FX This research was funded by DOE-ARM. Greenwood Aviation in Ponca City operated the plane and the data set reported here would not have been possible without their dedicated effort. The Cimel Sun-Photometer data were collected by the U.S. Department of Energy as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Climate Research Facility (ACRF) and processed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). We thank the Brent Holben and Rick Wagener for their effort in establishing and maintaining the SGP AERONET data discussed in this paper (AERONET station name for this data set is "Cart Site"). We also thank Anne Jefferson for mentoring the SGP surface humidograph data. NR 56 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 20 BP 10661 EP 10676 DI 10.5194/acp-11-10661-2011 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 842IW UT WOS:000296593000023 ER PT J AU Talukdar, RK Zhu, L Feierabend, KJ Burkholder, JB AF Talukdar, R. K. Zhu, L. Feierabend, K. J. Burkholder, J. B. TI Rate coefficients for the reaction of methylglyoxal (CH3COCHO) with OH and NO3 and glyoxal (HCO)(2) with NO3 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CATALYZED HETEROGENEOUS REACTIONS; ORGANIC AEROSOL FORMATION; TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCES; RADICAL REACTIONS; QUANTUM YIELDS; RATE CONSTANTS; PHOTOLYSIS; MECHANISM; KINETICS; ACETALDEHYDE AB Rate coefficients, k, for the gas-phase reaction of CH3COCHO (methylglyoxal) with the OH and NO3 radicals and (CHO)(2) (glyoxal) with the NO3 radical are reported. Rate coefficients for the OH + CH3COCHO (k(1)) reaction were measured under pseudo-first-order conditions in OH as a function of temperature (211-373 K) and pressure (100-220 Torr, He and N-2 bath gases) using pulsed laser photolysis to produce OH radicals and laser induced fluorescence to measure its temporal profile. k(1) was found to be independent of the bath gas pressure with k(1)(295 K) = (1.29 +/- 0.13) x 10(-11) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) and a temperature dependence that is well represented by the Arrhenius expression k(1)(T) = (1.74 +/- 0.20) x 10(-12) exp[(590 +/- 40)/T] cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) where the uncertainties are 2 sigma and include estimated systematic errors. Rate coefficients for the NO3 + (CHO)(2) (k(3)) and NO3 + CH3COCHO (k(4)) reactions were measured using a relative rate technique to be k(3)(296 K) = (4.0 +/- 1.0) x 10(-16) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) and k(4)(296 K) = (5.1 +/- 2.1) x 10(-16) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). k(3)(T) was also measured using an absolute rate coefficient method under pseudo-first-order conditions at 296 and 353 K to be (4.2 +/- 0.8) x 10(-16) and (7.9 +/- 3.6) x 10(-1)6 cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), respectively, in agreement with the relative rate result obtained at room temperature. The atmospheric implications of the OH and NO3 reaction rate coefficients measured in this work are discussed. C1 [Talukdar, R. K.; Zhu, L.; Feierabend, K. J.; Burkholder, J. B.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Talukdar, R. K.; Zhu, L.; Feierabend, K. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Talukdar, RK (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ranajit.k.talukdar@noaa.gov RI TALUKDAR, RANAJIT/G-4530-2013; Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI TALUKDAR, RANAJIT/0000-0001-6017-8431; FU NOAA FX This work was funded in part by NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere Program. NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 20 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 21 BP 10837 EP 10851 DI 10.5194/acp-11-10837-2011 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 847IZ UT WOS:000296967900006 ER PT J AU Roiger, A Schlager, H Schafler, A Huntrieser, H Scheibe, M Aufmhoff, H Cooper, OR Sodemann, H Stohl, A Burkhart, J Lazzara, M Schiller, C Law, KS Arnold, F AF Roiger, A. Schlager, H. Schaefler, A. Huntrieser, H. Scheibe, M. Aufmhoff, H. Cooper, O. R. Sodemann, H. Stohl, A. Burkhart, J. Lazzara, M. Schiller, C. Law, K. S. Arnold, F. TI In-situ observation of Asian pollution transported into the Arctic lowermost stratosphere SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LAGRANGIAN-BASED ANALYSIS; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; AIR-POLLUTION; AIRCRAFT MEASUREMENTS; MODEL SIMULATIONS; REACTIVE NITROGEN; INTERCONTINENTAL TRANSPORT; CHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; EXTRATROPICAL TROPOPAUSE; SOURCE IDENTIFICATION AB On a research flight on 10 July 2008, the German research aircraft Falcon sampled an air mass with unusually high carbon monoxide (CO), peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) and water vapour (H2O) mixing ratios in the Arctic lowermost stratosphere. The air mass was encountered twice at an altitude of 11.3 km, similar to 800 m above the dynamical tropopause. In-situ measurements of ozone, NO, and NOy indicate that this layer was a mixed air mass containing both air from the troposphere and stratosphere. Backward trajectory and Lagrangian particle dispersion model analysis suggest that the Falcon sampled the top of a polluted air mass originating from the coastal regions of East Asia. The anthropogenic pollution plume experienced strong uplift in a warm conveyor belt (WCB) located over the Russian east-coast. Subsequently the Asian air mass was transported across the North Pole into the sampling area, elevating the local tropopause by up to similar to 3 km. Mixing with surrounding Arctic stratospheric air most likely took place during the horizontal transport when the tropospheric streamer was stretched into long and narrow filaments. The mechanism illustrated in this study possibly presents an important pathway to transport pollution into the polar tropopause region. C1 [Roiger, A.; Schlager, H.; Schaefler, A.; Huntrieser, H.; Scheibe, M.; Aufmhoff, H.; Arnold, F.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Aufmhoff, H.; Arnold, F.] Max Planck Inst Nucl Phys, Atmospher Phys Div, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Cooper, O. R.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sodemann, H.; Stohl, A.; Burkhart, J.] Norwegian Inst Air Res NILU, Kjeller, Norway. [Lazzara, M.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Schiller, C.] Forschungszentrum Julich, IEK Stratosphere 7, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Law, K. S.] Univ Versailles, UPMC Univ Paris 06, LATMOS IPSL, CNRS INSU, Paris, France. RP Roiger, A (reprint author), Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. EM anke.roiger@dlr.de RI Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Schiller, Cornelius/B-1004-2013; Cooper, Owen/H-4875-2013; Burkhart, John/B-7095-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Burkhart, John/0000-0002-5587-1693; FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [SPP 1294 (SCHL1857/2-1), PAK 348 (SCHL1857/3-1)]; Norwegian Research Council; ANR/CNRS-INSU POLARCAT-France; Arctic Natural Science Program; Office of Polar Programs; National Science Foundation [ARC-0713843] FX This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) under SPP 1294 (SCHL1857/2-1) and PAK 348 (SCHL1857/3-1). We thank the pilots, engineers and scientists from the DLR flight department for their excellent support during the campaign. Michael Lichtenstern and Paul Stock are greatly acknowledged for their help in acquiring this data set. We thank Gebhard Gunther (FZ-Julich) and Andreas Dornbrack for helpful discussions. Harald Sodemann and Andreas Stohl were funded by the Norwegian Research Council in the framework of POLARCAT-Norway. K. S. Law was supported by the ANR/CNRS-INSU POLARCAT-France project. The Arctic composite images were produced from geostationary and polar orbiting satellite retrievals by the Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison (funded by the Arctic Natural Science Program, Office of Polar Programs, National Science Foundation Grant ARC-0713843). We acknowledge the University of Wyoming for providing sounding data to derive temperature profiles (http://weather.uwyo.edu/upperair/sounding.html). NR 90 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 23 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 21 BP 10975 EP 10994 DI 10.5194/acp-11-10975-2011 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 847IZ UT WOS:000296967900014 ER PT J AU Battle, MO Severinghaus, JP Sofen, ED Plotkin, D Orsi, AJ Aydin, M Montzka, SA Sowers, T Tans, PP AF Battle, M. O. Severinghaus, J. P. Sofen, E. D. Plotkin, D. Orsi, A. J. Aydin, M. Montzka, S. A. Sowers, T. Tans, P. P. TI Controls on the movement and composition of firn air at the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ABRUPT CLIMATE-CHANGE; POLAR ICE; MOLECULAR-DIFFUSION; STRATOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; GAS CONCENTRATIONS; AGE; O-2; CO2; FRACTIONATION; CONVECTION AB We sampled interstitial air from the perennial snowpack (firn) at a site near the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide (WAIS-D) and analyzed the air samples for a wide variety of gas species and their isotopes. We find limited convective influence (1.4-5.2 m, depending on detection method) in the shallow firn, gravitational enrichment of heavy species throughout the diffusive column in general agreement with theoretical expectations, a similar to 10 m thick lock-in zone beginning at similar to 67 m, and a total firn thickness consistent with predictions of Kaspers et al. (2004). Our modeling work shows that the air has an age spread (spectral width) of 4.8 yr for CO2 at the firn-ice transition. We also find that advection of firn air due to the 22 cm yr(-1) ice-equivalent accumulation rate has a minor impact on firn air composition, causing changes that are comparable to other modeling uncertainties and intrinsic sample variability. Furthermore, estimates of 1 age (the gas age/ice age difference) at WAIS-D appear to be largely unaffected by bubble closure above the lock-in zone. Within the lock-in zone, small gas species and their isotopes show evidence of size-dependent fractionation due to permeation through the ice lattice with a size threshold of 0.36 nm, as at other sites. We also see an unequivocal and unprecedented signal of oxygen isotope fractionation within the lock-in zone, which we interpret as the mass-dependent expression of a size-dependent fractionation process. C1 [Battle, M. O.; Sofen, E. D.; Plotkin, D.] Bowdoin Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. [Severinghaus, J. P.; Orsi, A. J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Aydin, M.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Montzka, S. A.; Tans, P. P.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sowers, T.] Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Battle, MO (reprint author), Bowdoin Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, 8800 Coll Stn, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. EM mbattle@bowdoin.edu RI Plotkin, David/M-3921-2013; OI Plotkin, David/0000-0002-8574-9111; Sofen, Eric/0000-0002-4495-2148; Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400 FU NSF [0440602, 0440509, 0440701, 0739491, 0440759] FX We thank Lou Albershardt, Beth Bergeron, Terry Gacke, Jay Kyne and Mike Waszkiewics for their careful drilling of the holes. Markus Leuenberger graciously provided accommodations and helpful conversations while writing. The authors acknowledge NSF Antarctic Program support from the following grants: Aydin - 0440602, Battle - 0440509, Severinghaus - 0440701, Sowers - 0739491 and 0440759. Montzka thanks the Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program of NOAA's Climate Program Office. NR 53 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 21 BP 11007 EP 11021 DI 10.5194/acp-11-11007-2011 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 847IZ UT WOS:000296967900016 ER PT J AU Ervens, B Turpin, BJ Weber, RJ AF Ervens, B. Turpin, B. J. Weber, R. J. TI Secondary organic aerosol formation in cloud droplets and aqueous particles (aqSOA): a review of laboratory, field and model studies SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HUMIC-LIKE SUBSTANCES; METHYL VINYL KETONE; ISOPRENE-DERIVED ORGANOSULFATES; RESOLUTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOLUBLE DICARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; CONDENSATION NUCLEI CCN; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; LOS-ANGELES BASIN; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS AB Progress has been made over the past decade in predicting secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass in the atmosphere using vapor pressure-driven partitioning, which implies that SOA compounds are formed in the gas phase and then partition to an organic phase (gasSOA). However, discrepancies in predicting organic aerosol oxidation state, size and product (molecular mass) distribution, relative humidity (RH) dependence, color, and vertical profile suggest that additional SOA sources and aging processes may be important. The formation of SOA in cloud and aerosol water (aqSOA) is not considered in these models even though water is an abundant medium for atmospheric chemistry and such chemistry can form dicarboxylic acids and "humic-like substances" (oligomers, high-molecular-weight compounds), i.e. compounds that do not have any gas phase sources but comprise a significant fraction of the total SOA mass. There is direct evidence from field observations and laboratory studies that organic aerosol is formed in cloud and aerosol water, contributing substantial mass to the droplet mode. This review summarizes the current knowledge on aqueous phase organic reactions and combines evidence that points to a significant role of aqSOA formation in the atmosphere. Model studies are discussed that explore the importance of aqSOA formation and suggestions for model improvements are made based on the comprehensive set of laboratory data presented here. A first comparison is made between aqSOA and gasSOA yields and mass predictions for selected conditions. These simulations suggest that aqSOA might contribute almost as much mass as gasSOA to the SOA budget, with highest contributions from biogenic emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) in the presence of anthropogenic pollutants (i.e. NOx) at high relative humidity and cloudiness. Gaps in the current understanding of aqSOA processes are discussed and further studies (laboratory, field, model) are outlined to complement current data sets. C1 [Ervens, B.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ervens, B.] NOAA, ESRL CSD Boulder, Boulder, CO USA. [Turpin, B. J.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Weber, R. J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Ervens, B (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM barbara.ervens@noaa.gov RI Turpin, Barbara /D-8346-2012; Ervens, Barbara/D-5495-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Ervens, Barbara/0000-0002-6223-1635; FU NOAA's Climate Goal; Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-08ER64539]; NOAA [NA07OAR4310279]; EPA STAR [WDC-RD-833751] FX We thank Alma Hodzic and Jerome Fast for providing data for Fig. 2d, and 2e; we thank Jose Jimenez for useful discussions. BE acknowledges support from NOAA's Climate Goal and from the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy, grant DE-FG02-08ER64539. BT acknowledges support from NOAA (NA07OAR4310279) and the EPA STAR program (WDC-RD-833751). NR 267 TC 330 Z9 333 U1 39 U2 356 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 21 BP 11069 EP 11102 DI 10.5194/acp-11-11069-2011 PG 34 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 847IZ UT WOS:000296967900020 ER PT J AU Kim, SW McKeen, SA Frost, GJ Lee, SH Trainer, M Richter, A Angevine, WM Atlas, E Bianco, L Boersma, KF Brioude, J Burrows, JP de Gouw, J Fried, A Gleason, J Hilboll, A Mellqvist, J Peischl, J Richter, D Rivera, C Ryerson, T Hekkert, STL Walega, J Warneke, C Weibring, P Williams, E AF Kim, S-W McKeen, S. A. Frost, G. J. Lee, S-H Trainer, M. Richter, A. Angevine, W. M. Atlas, E. Bianco, L. Boersma, K. F. Brioude, J. Burrows, J. P. de Gouw, J. Fried, A. Gleason, J. Hilboll, A. Mellqvist, J. Peischl, J. Richter, D. Rivera, C. Ryerson, T. Hekkert, S. Te Lintel Walega, J. Warneke, C. Weibring, P. Williams, E. TI Evaluations of NOx and highly reactive VOC emission inventories in Texas and their implications for ozone plume simulations during the Texas Air Quality Study 2006 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC NO2; MONITORING INSTRUMENT; INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS; FIELD CAMPAIGN; WRF MODEL; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; COLUMN RETRIEVAL; HOUSTON; AEROSOL; ENSEMBLE AB Satellite and aircraft observations made during the 2006 Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS) detected strong urban, industrial and power plant plumes in Texas. We simulated these plumes using the Weather Research and Forecasting-Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model with input from the US EPA's 2005 National Emission Inventory (NEI-2005), in order to evaluate emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the cities of Houston and Dallas-FortWorth. We compared the model results with satellite retrievals of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) columns and airborne in-situ observations of several trace gases including NOx and a number of VOCs. The model and satellite NO2 columns agree well for regions with large power plants and for urban areas that are dominated by mobile sources, such as Dallas. How-ever, in Houston, where significant mobile, industrial, and inport marine vessel sources contribute to NOx emissions, the model NO2 columns are approximately 50 %-70 % higher than the satellite columns. Similar conclusions are drawn from comparisons of the model results with the TexAQS 2006 aircraft observations in Dallas and Houston. For Dallas plumes, the model-simulated NO2 showed good agreement with the aircraft observations. In contrast, the model-simulated NO2 is similar to 60 % higher than the aircraft observations in the Houston plumes. Further analysis indicates that the NEI-2005 NOx emissions over the Houston Ship Channel area are overestimated while the urban Houston NOx emissions are reasonably represented. The comparisons of model and aircraft observations confirm that highly reactive VOC emissions originating from industrial sources in Houston are underestimated in NEI-2005. The update of VOC emissions based on Solar Occultation Flux measurements during the field campaign leads to improved model simulations of ethylene, propylene, and formaldehyde. Reducing NOx emissions in the Houston Ship Channel and increasing highly reactive VOC emissions from the point sources in Houston improve the model's capability of simulating ozone (O-3) plumes observed by the NOAA WP-3D aircraft, although the deficiencies in the model O-3 simulations indicate that many challenges remain for a full understanding of the O-3 formation mechanisms in Houston. C1 [Kim, S-W; McKeen, S. A.; Frost, G. J.; Lee, S-H; Angevine, W. M.; Bianco, L.; Brioude, J.; de Gouw, J.; Peischl, J.; Warneke, C.; Williams, E.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kim, S-W; McKeen, S. A.; Frost, G. J.; Lee, S-H; Trainer, M.; Angevine, W. M.; Bianco, L.; Brioude, J.; de Gouw, J.; Peischl, J.; Ryerson, T.; Warneke, C.; Williams, E.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Richter, A.; Burrows, J. P.; Hilboll, A.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, Bremen, Germany. [Atlas, E.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Atmospher & Marine Chem, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Boersma, K. F.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. [Boersma, K. F.] Eindhoven Univ Technol, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. [Burrows, J. P.] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Wallingford OX10 8BB, Oxon, England. [Fried, A.; Richter, D.; Walega, J.; Weibring, P.] NCAR, Earth Observing Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Gleason, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Atmosphere, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mellqvist, J.; Rivera, C.] Chalmers, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Hekkert, S. Te Lintel] Sensor Sense, Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP Kim, SW (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM siwan.kim@noaa.gov RI Kim, Si-Wan/I-3979-2013; Hilboll, Andreas/A-6612-2011; Richter, Andreas/C-4971-2008; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Rivera, Claudia/L-4669-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Burrows, John/B-6199-2014; Angevine, Wayne/H-9849-2013; Williams, Eric/F-1184-2010; Rivera, Claudia/B-5605-2012; Gleason, James/E-1421-2012; Brioude, Jerome/E-4629-2011; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Boersma, Klaas/H-4559-2012; Frost, Gregory/I-1958-2013; Lee, Sang-Hyun/B-5974-2013; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; McKeen, Stuart/H-9516-2013 OI Kim, Si-Wan/0000-0002-7889-189X; Hilboll, Andreas/0000-0002-1038-6248; Richter, Andreas/0000-0003-3339-212X; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Burrows, John/0000-0002-6821-5580; Angevine, Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116; Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Boersma, Klaas/0000-0002-4591-7635; FU NOAA; NOAA through the NOAA Office of Atmospheric Research; University of Bremen; European Union FX The authors would like to thank Bryan Lambeth from the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) for providing the surface observation data and the La Porte wind profiler data. The authors thank Jim Corbett and Jordan Silberman for assistance with the ship emission analysis. The authors would like to thank TCEQ for support of the evaluation of the emission inventory using satellite observations. NOAA Health of Atmosphere Program supports this study. This work is partially funded by the NOAA United States Weather Research Program through the NOAA Office of Atmospheric Research. Some of the satellite retrievals used in this study were funded by the University of Bremen and the European Union through the ACCENT project. The Dutch-Finnish built OMI is part of the NASA EOS Aura satellite payload. The OMI project is managed by NIVR and KNMI in the Netherlands. NR 72 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 7 U2 51 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 22 BP 11361 EP 11386 DI 10.5194/acp-11-11361-2011 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 863AC UT WOS:000298134200003 ER PT J AU Axson, JL Washenfelder, RA Kahan, TF Young, CJ Vaida, V Brown, SS AF Axson, J. L. Washenfelder, R. A. Kahan, T. F. Young, C. J. Vaida, V. Brown, S. S. TI Absolute ozone absorption cross section in the Huggins Chappuis minimum (350-470 nm) at 296 K SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; NEAR-ULTRAVIOLET; ICE SURFACES; CAVITY RING; COMPLEXES; SPECTRA; REGION; DIMER AB We report the ozone absolute absorption cross section between 350-470 nm, the minimum between the Huggins and Chappuis bands, where the ozone cross section is less than 10(-22) cm(2). Ozone spectra were acquired using an incoherent broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectrometer, with three channels centered at 365, 405, and 455 nm. The accuracy of the measured cross section is 4-30 %, with the greatest uncertainty near the minimum absorption at 375-390 nm. Previous measurements vary by more than an order of magnitude in this spectral region. The measurements reported here provide much greater spectral coverage than the most recent measurements. The effect of O-3 concentration and water vapor partial pressure were investigated, however there were no observable changes in the absorption spectrum most likely due to the low optical density of the complex. C1 [Washenfelder, R. A.; Young, C. J.; Brown, S. S.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Axson, J. L.; Kahan, T. F.; Vaida, V.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Axson, J. L.; Washenfelder, R. A.; Young, C. J.; Vaida, V.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Brown, SS (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Chem Sci Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM steven.s.brown@noaa.gov RI Young, Cora/A-4551-2010; Kahan, Tara/D-3958-2012; Washenfelder, Rebecca/E-7169-2010; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Vaida, Veronica/N-6069-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Young, Cora/0000-0002-6908-5829; Washenfelder, Rebecca/0000-0002-8106-3702; Vaida, Veronica/0000-0001-5863-8056; FU CIRES; NASA; NSF [CHE 1011770]; NSERC FX We thank Rich McLaughlin for machining custom mirror mounts for the IBBCEAS instrument. We thank Steve Ciciora for designing custom DC power supplies and amplifiers. All authors acknowledge funding from CIRES Innovative Research Program. JLA acknowledges support from the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship. VV acknowledges funding from NSF CHE 1011770. CJY and TFK thank NSERC for PDF scholarships. NR 55 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 28 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 22 BP 11581 EP 11590 DI 10.5194/acp-11-11581-2011 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 863AC UT WOS:000298134200018 ER PT J AU Colette, A Granier, C Hodnebrog, O Jakobs, H Maurizi, A Nyiri, A Bessagnet, B D'Angiola, A D'Isidoro, M Gauss, M Meleux, F Memmesheimer, M Mieville, A Rouil, L Russo, F Solberg, S Stordal, F Tampieri, F AF Colette, A. Granier, C. Hodnebrog, O. Jakobs, H. Maurizi, A. Nyiri, A. Bessagnet, B. D'Angiola, A. D'Isidoro, M. Gauss, M. Meleux, F. Memmesheimer, M. Mieville, A. Rouil, L. Russo, F. Solberg, S. Stordal, F. Tampieri, F. TI Air quality trends in Europe over the past decade: a first multi- model assessment SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NOX EMISSIONS; OZONE CONCENTRATIONS; SULFUR EMISSIONS; AEROSOLS; TROPOSPHERE; RESOLUTION; CHEMISTRY; MECHANISM; ISOPRENE; SYSTEM AB We discuss the capability of current state-of-the-art chemistry and transport models to reproduce air quality trends and interannual variability. Documenting these strengths and weaknesses on the basis of historical simulations is essential before the models are used to investigate future air quality projections. To achieve this, a coordinated modelling exercise was performed in the framework of the CityZEN European Project. It involved six regional and global chemistry-transport models (BOLCHEM, CHIMERE, EMEP, EURAD, OSLOCTM2 and MOZART) simulating air quality over the past decade in the Western European anthropogenic emissions hotspots. Comparisons between models and observations allow assessing the skills of the models to capture the trends in basic atmospheric constituents (NO2, O-3, and PM10). We find that the trends of primary constituents are well reproduced (except in some countries - owing to their sensitivity to the emission inventory) although capturing the more moderate trends of secondary species such as O-3 is more challenging. Apart from the long term trend, the modelled monthly variability is consistent with the observations but the year-to-year variability is generally underestimated. A comparison of simulations where anthropogenic emissions are kept constant is also investigated. We find that the magnitude of the emission-driven trend exceeds the natural variability for primary compounds. We can thus conclude that emission management strategies have had a significant impact over the past 10 yr, hence supporting further emission reductions. C1 [Colette, A.; Bessagnet, B.; Meleux, F.; Rouil, L.] Inst Natl Environm Ind & Risques INERIS, Verneuil En Halatte, France. [Granier, C.; D'Angiola, A.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, INSU, LATMOS IPSL, Paris, France. [Granier, C.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Granier, C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Granier, C.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Hodnebrog, O.; Stordal, F.] Univ Oslo UiO, Oslo, Norway. [Jakobs, H.; Memmesheimer, M.] Univ Cologne, Rhenish Inst Environm Res, FRIUUK, D-50931 Cologne, Germany. [Maurizi, A.; D'Isidoro, M.; Russo, F.; Tampieri, F.] CNR, Inst Atmospher Sci & Climate, Bologna, Italy. [Gauss, M.] Meteorol Inst Met No, Oslo, Norway. [Mieville, A.] Lab Aerol, Toulouse, France. [Solberg, S.] Norsk Inst Luftforskning NILU, Oslo, Norway. RP Colette, A (reprint author), Inst Natl Environm Ind & Risques INERIS, Verneuil En Halatte, France. EM augustin.colette@ineris.fr RI Meleux, Fred/C-2834-2012; Granier, Claire/D-5360-2013; Hodnebrog, Oivind/F-5539-2015; Bessagnet, Bertrand/O-2969-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; maurizi, alberto/D-5031-2017; OI Granier, Claire/0000-0001-7344-7995; Hodnebrog, Oivind/0000-0001-5233-8992; Bessagnet, Bertrand/0000-0003-2062-4681; maurizi, alberto/0000-0003-4563-9636; Stordal, Frode/0000-0002-5190-6473 FU European Union [212095]; EMEP [218793] FX The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 212095 (CityZen). Anthropogenic emissions were provided by EMEP and complemented for global models in the framework of the MACC FP7 Project (grant agreement no. 218793). Surface observations were obtained through the AIRBASE (EEA) and EBAS (NILU) repositories. Large scale reanalyses used to drive the mesoscale meteorological models were provided by ECMWF and NCEP/NCAR. NR 82 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 4 U2 42 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 22 BP 11657 EP 11678 DI 10.5194/acp-11-11657-2011 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 863AC UT WOS:000298134200023 ER PT J AU Moore, RH Bahreini, R Brock, CA Froyd, KD Cozic, J Holloway, JS Middlebrook, AM Murphy, DM Nenes, A AF Moore, R. H. Bahreini, R. Brock, C. A. Froyd, K. D. Cozic, J. Holloway, J. S. Middlebrook, A. M. Murphy, D. M. Nenes, A. TI Hygroscopicity and composition of Alaskan Arctic CCN during April 2008 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETER; PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; DROPLET GROWTH-KINETICS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; HIGH-RESOLUTION; AIR-POLLUTION; HAZE; DISTRIBUTIONS AB We present a comprehensive characterization of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) sampled in the Alaskan Arctic during the 2008 Aerosol, Radiation, and Cloud Processes affecting Arctic Climate (ARCPAC) project, a component of the POLARCAT and International Polar Year (IPY) initiatives. Four distinct air mass types were sampled including a cleaner Arctic background and a relatively pristine sea ice boundary layer as well as biomass burning and anthropogenic pollution plumes. Despite differences in chemical composition, inferred aerosol hygroscopicities were fairly invariant and ranged from kappa = 0.1-0.3 over the atmospherically-relevant range of water vapor supersaturations studied. Organic aerosols sampled were found to be well-oxygenated, consistent with long-range transport and aerosol aging processes. However, inferred hygroscopicities are less than would be predicted based on previous parameterizations of biogenic oxygenated organic aerosol, suggesting an upper limit on organic aerosol hygroscopicity above which kappa is less sensitive to the O:C ratio. Most Arctic aerosols act as CCN above 0.1% supersaturation, although the data suggest the presence of an externally-mixed, non-CCN-active mode comprising approximately 0-20% of the aerosol number. CCN closure was assessed using measured size distributions, bulk chemical composition, and assumed aerosol mixing states; CCN predictions tended toward overprediction, with the best agreement (+/- 0-20 %) obtained by assuming the aerosol to be externally-mixed with soluble organics. Closure also varied with CCN concentration, and the best agreement was found for CCN concentrations above 100 cm(-3) with a 1.5- to 3-fold overprediction at lower concentrations. C1 [Moore, R. H.; Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Bahreini, R.; Brock, C. A.; Froyd, K. D.; Cozic, J.; Holloway, J. S.; Middlebrook, A. M.; Murphy, D. M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Bahreini, R.; Froyd, K. D.; Cozic, J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Nenes, A (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM athanasios.nenes@gatech.edu RI Moore, Richard/E-9653-2010; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; Froyd, Karl/H-6607-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; FU NOAA; NASA; NSF; DOE; Swiss National Science Foundation [PBBE22-119260] FX A. Nenes acknowledges support from NOAA, NASA, and an NSF CAREER award. R. Moore acknowledges support from DOE Global Change Education Program and NASA Earth and Space Science Graduate Research Fellowships. J. Cozic acknowledges support from the Swiss National Science Foundation under award PBBE22-119260. The ARCPAC project was supported by NOAA's Climate Change and Air Quality Programs. NR 85 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 6 U2 29 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 22 BP 11807 EP 11825 DI 10.5194/acp-11-11807-2011 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 863AC UT WOS:000298134200033 ER PT J AU de Boer, G Collins, WD Menon, S Long, CN AF de Boer, G. Collins, W. D. Menon, S. Long, C. N. TI Using surface remote sensors to derive radiative characteristics of Mixed-Phase Clouds: an example from M-PACE SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ARCTIC-OCEAN; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ANNUAL CYCLE; HEAT-BUDGET; CLIMATE; SHEBA; FLUXES; RADAR; WATER AB Measurements from ground-based cloud radar, high spectral resolution lidar and microwave radiometer are used in conjunction with a column version of the Rapid Radiative Transfer Model (RRTMG) and radiosonde measurements to derive the surface radiative properties under mixed-phase cloud conditions. These clouds were observed during the United States Department of Energy (US DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Mixed-Phase Arctic Clouds Experiment (M-PACE) between September and November of 2004. In total, sixteen half hour time periods are reviewed due to their coincidence with radiosonde launches. Cloud liquid (ice) water paths are found to range between 11.0-366.4 (0.5-114.1) gm(-2), and cloud physical thicknesses fall between 286-2075 m. Combined with temperature and hydrometeor size estimates, this information is used to calculate surface radiative flux densities using RRTMG, which are demonstrated to generally agree with measured flux densities from surface-based radiometric instrumentation. Errors in longwave flux density estimates are found to be largest for thin clouds, while shortwave flux density errors are generally largest for thicker clouds. A sensitivity study is performed to understand the impact of retrieval assumptions and uncertainties on derived surface radiation estimates. Cloud radiative forcing is calculated for all profiles, illustrating longwave dominance during this time of year, with net cloud forcing generally between 50 and 90 Wm(-2). C1 [de Boer, G.; Collins, W. D.; Menon, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [de Boer, G.] Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [de Boer, G.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Long, C. N.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP de Boer, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM gdeboer@lbl.gov RI de Boer, Gijs/F-3949-2011; Collins, William/J-3147-2014 OI de Boer, Gijs/0000-0003-4652-7150; Collins, William/0000-0002-4463-9848 FU Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER) of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); DOE [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; U.S. Department of Commerce [NA17RJ1229] FX LBNL research was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 as part of their Climate and Earth System Modeling Program. Long is supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER) of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM), and Atmospheric Systems Research (ASR) Programs. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is operated by Battelle for the DOE under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. LBNL is managed by the University of California under U.S. DOE grant DE-AC02-05CH11231. The authors would like to thank Michael Iacono and the Atmospheric and Environmental Research (AER) team for their help in setting up RRTMG. In addition, we would like to thank the University of Wisconsin Lidar Group for making data from the M-PACE period available for evaluation via their website at http://lidar.ssec.wisc.edu, and the M-PACE crew for their hard work in compiling the datasets used. Funding for M-PACE was provided by the United States Department of Energy. This work was prepared in part at the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) with support in part from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, under cooperative agreement NA17RJ1229 and other grants. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or the Department of Commerce. Computing resources were provided by NASA and the US Department of Energy. The authors wish to recognize the efforts that went into collection and construction of the various datasets used in the present study. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 23 BP 11937 EP 11949 DI 10.5194/acp-11-11937-2011 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 863AD UT WOS:000298134300002 ER PT J AU Zhang, H Lyapustin, A Wang, Y Kondragunta, S Laszlo, I Ciren, P Hoff, RM AF Zhang, H. Lyapustin, A. Wang, Y. Kondragunta, S. Laszlo, I. Ciren, P. Hoff, R. M. TI A multi-angle aerosol optical depth retrieval algorithm for geostationary satellite data over the United States SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; PROMISED LAND; CLIMATE; SURFACE; SPACE; REFLECTANCE; ABSORPTION; RADIANCES; CONNECT; IMAGER AB Aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrievals from geostationary satellites have high temporal resolution compared to the polar orbiting satellites and thus enable us to monitor aerosol motion. However, current Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) have only one visible channel for retrieving aerosols and hence the retrieval accuracy is lower than those from the multichannel polar-orbiting satellite instruments such as the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The operational GOES AOD retrieval algorithm (GOES Aerosol/Smoke Product, GASP) uses 28-day composite images from the visible channel to derive surface reflectance, which can produce large uncertainties. In this work, we develop a new AOD retrieval algorithm for the GOES imager by applying a modified Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) algorithm. The algorithm assumes the surface Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) in the channel 1 of GOES is proportional to seasonal average MODIS BRDF in the 2.1 mu m channel. The ratios between them are derived through time series analysis of the GOES visible channel images. The results of AOD and surface reflectance retrievals are evaluated through comparisons against those from Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET), GASP, and MODIS. The AOD retrievals from the new algorithm demonstrate good agreement with AERONET retrievals at several sites across the US with correlation coefficients ranges from 0.71 to 0.85 at five out of six sites. At the two western sites Railroad Valley and UCSB, the MAIAC AOD retrievals have correlations of 0.8 and 0.85 with AERONET AOD, and are more accurate than GASP retrievals, which have correlations of 0.7 and 0.74 with AERONET AOD. At the three eastern sites, the correlations with AERONET AOD are from 0.71 to 0.81, comparable to the GASP retrievals. In the western US where surface reflectance is higher than 0.15, the new algorithm also produces larger AOD retrieval coverage than both GASP and MODIS. C1 [Zhang, H.; Hoff, R. M.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, JCET, Catonsville, MD 21228 USA. [Lyapustin, A.; Wang, Y.; Hoff, R. M.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, GEST, Catonsville, MD 21228 USA. [Kondragunta, S.; Laszlo, I.] NOAA NESDIS STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Ciren, P.] PSGS Dell, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Zhang, H (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, JCET, Suite 320,5523 Res Pk Dr, Catonsville, MD 21228 USA. EM hazhang@umbc.edu RI Ciren, Pubu/E-6542-2011; Hoff, Raymond/C-6747-2012; Zhang, Hai/A-3445-2011; Laszlo, Istvan/F-5603-2010; Kondragunta, Shobha/F-5601-2010; Lyapustin, Alexei/H-9924-2014 OI Laszlo, Istvan/0000-0002-5747-9708; Kondragunta, Shobha/0000-0001-8593-8046; Lyapustin, Alexei/0000-0003-1105-5739 FU NOAA GOES-R [NA08NES4280023, NA09NES4400010, NA10NES4280014] FX This work is supported by the NOAA GOES-R risk reduction program grant NA08NES4280023, NA09NES4400010, and NA10NES4280014. NR 47 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 23 BP 11977 EP 11991 DI 10.5194/acp-11-11977-2011 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 863AD UT WOS:000298134300004 ER PT J AU Cerully, KM Raatikainen, T Lance, S Tkacik, D Tiitta, P Petaja, T Ehn, M Kulmala, M Worsnop, DR Laaksonen, A Smith, JN Nenes, A AF Cerully, K. M. Raatikainen, T. Lance, S. Tkacik, D. Tiitta, P. Petaja, T. Ehn, M. Kulmala, M. Worsnop, D. R. Laaksonen, A. Smith, J. N. Nenes, A. TI Aerosol hygroscopicity and CCN activation kinetics in a boreal forest environment during the 2007 EUCAARI campaign SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; DROPLET GROWTH-KINETICS; SIZE-RESOLVED MEASUREMENTS; SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; MASS-SPECTROMETER; SULFURIC-ACID; SINGLE-COMPONENT; PARTICLE GROWTH; DISTRIBUTIONS; NUCLEATION AB Measurements of size-resolved cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations, subsaturated hygroscopic growth, size distribution, and chemical composition were collected from March through May, 2007, in the remote Boreal forests of Hyytiala, Finland, as part of the European Integrated project on Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality Interactions (EUCAARI) campaign. Hygroscopicity parameter, kappa, distributions were derived independently from Continuous Flow-Streamwise Thermal Gradient CCN Chamber (CFSTGC) and Hygroscopicity Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer (HTDMA) measurements. CFSTGC-derived kappa values for 40, 60, and 80 nm particles range mostly between 0.10 and 0.40 with an average characteristic of highly oxidized organics of 0.20 +/- 0.10, indicating that organics play a dominant role for this environment. HTDMA-derived kappa were generally 30% lower. Diurnal trends of kappa show a minimum at sunrise and a maximum in the late afternoon; this trend covaries with inorganic mass fraction and the m/z 44 organic mass fraction given by a quadrupole aerosol mass spectrometer, further illustrating the importance of organics in aerosol hygroscopicity. The chemical dispersion inferred from the observed kappa distributions indicates that while 60 and 80 nm dispersion increases around midday, 40 nm dispersion remains constant. Additionally, 80 nm particles show a markedly higher level of chemical dispersion than both 40 and 60 nm particles. An analysis of droplet activation kinetics for the sizes considered indicates that most of the CCN activate as rapidly as (NH4)(2)SO4 calibration aerosol. C1 [Cerully, K. M.; Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Raatikainen, T.; Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Raatikainen, T.; Worsnop, D. R.; Laaksonen, A.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Lance, S.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lance, S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Tkacik, D.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Atmospher Particle Studies, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Tiitta, P.; Worsnop, D. R.; Laaksonen, A.; Smith, J. N.] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Appl Phys, Kuopio, Finland. [Tiitta, P.] North West Univ, Atmospher Chem Res Grp, Potchefstroom, South Africa. [Petaja, T.; Ehn, M.; Kulmala, M.; Worsnop, D. R.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki, Finland. [Worsnop, D. R.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Nenes, A.] Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Inst Chem Engn & High Temp Chem Proc, Patras, Greece. RP Nenes, A (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM athanasios.nenes@gatech.edu RI Tkacik, Daniel/G-5630-2011; Petaja, Tuukka/A-8009-2008; Raatikainen, Tomi/C-5410-2014; Kulmala, Markku/I-7671-2016; Ehn, Mikael/N-2571-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Worsnop, Douglas/D-2817-2009; Lance, Sara/A-4834-2011; Smith, James/C-5614-2008; Laaksonen, Ari/B-5094-2011 OI Petaja, Tuukka/0000-0002-1881-9044; Kulmala, Markku/0000-0003-3464-7825; Ehn, Mikael/0000-0002-0215-4893; Worsnop, Douglas/0000-0002-8928-8017; Smith, James/0000-0003-4677-8224; Laaksonen, Ari/0000-0002-1657-2383 FU NSF; NCAR-ASP; Finnish Cultural Foundation; Academy of Finland [1118615, 139656]; EU [227463, 036833-2]; Nessling Foundation [2010143] FX We acknowledge Jack Lin and Pulin Patel for assistance in some intermediate data processing as well as all those involved in the EUCAARI campaign and SMEAR II site. Support for this research was provided by NSF CAREER and NCAR-ASP grants as well as the Finnish Cultural Foundation. Additionally, the financial support by the Academy of Finland Centre of Excellence program (project no 1118615), EU project FP7-ATMNUCLE project No. 227463 (ERC Advanced Grant), and EU-project EUCAARI (European Integrated project on Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality interactions, project no 036833-2) is gratefully acknowledged. T. Petaja acknowledges funding from the Nessling Foundation (2010143) and Academy of Finland (139656). NR 85 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 25 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 23 BP 12369 EP 12386 DI 10.5194/acp-11-12369-2011 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 863AD UT WOS:000298134300028 ER PT J AU Banta, RM Senff, CJ Alvarez, RJ Langford, AO Parrish, DD Trainer, MK Darby, LS Hardesty, RM Lambeth, B Neuman, JA Angevine, WM Nielsen-Gammon, J Sandberg, SP White, AB AF Banta, Robert M. Senff, Christoph J. Alvarez, Raul J. Langford, Andrew O. Parrish, David D. Trainer, Michael K. Darby, Lisa S. Hardesty, R. Michael Lambeth, Bryan Neuman, J. Andrew Angevine, Wayne M. Nielsen-Gammon, John Sandberg, Scott P. White, Allen B. TI Dependence of daily peak O-3 concentrations near Houston, Texas on environmental factors: Wind speed, temperature, and boundary-layer depth SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Ozone; Air pollution; Sea breeze; Houston; Texas; Lidar; Differential-absorption lidar; DIAL ID 1995 SOUTHERN OXIDANTS; AIRBORNE LIDAR; OZONE FORMATION; IMPACT; URBAN; MODEL AB Airborne and surface measurements of ozone (03) during the Texas Air Quality Study campaigns in 2000 and 2006 (TexAQS 2000 and TexAQS 2006) were used to investigate the relationship between maximum daily O-3 and the vector-averaged wind speed < U >, calculated from radar wind profiler data, in the lower atmospheric boundary layer (BL). Both the maximum daily O-3 and the peak "add-on" O-3 contribution (calculated as the maximum minus the background values) from the Houston area showed a strong correlation (r similar to 0.7-0.9) with both the reciprocal of this wind speed < U >(-1), and the wind speed < U > itself. Data from airborne platforms produced higher correlations in general than surface-measured values. Except for special cases where O-3 was measured close to source activity in a location where the BL depth h was suppressed, peak daily ozone concentrations were not strongly correlated with h, and attempts to include 1/h dependence with < U >(-1) degraded the correlations indicating that in general, h was not a strong predictor for maximum daily O-3. Inclusion of daily maximum temperature in the regression analysis also failed to improve the correlations significantly. The high correlations for wind speed thus showed that < U > was the meteorological variable most strongly associated with peak daily O-3 concentrations. The best-fit regression line of peak daily O-3 vs. < U > for the 2000 data lay above the line for 2006 for wind speeds less than 5 m s(-1), the difference increasing as the wind speeds weakened. This six-year decrease in O-3 concentrations for the weakest-wind, most polluted days suggests that control strategies implemented between 2000 and 2006 may be producing beneficial effects, especially on the most polluted days. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Banta, Robert M.; Senff, Christoph J.; Alvarez, Raul J.; Langford, Andrew O.; Parrish, David D.; Trainer, Michael K.; Darby, Lisa S.; Hardesty, R. Michael; Neuman, J. Andrew; Angevine, Wayne M.; Sandberg, Scott P.; White, Allen B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Senff, Christoph J.; Trainer, Michael K.; Neuman, J. Andrew; Angevine, Wayne M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lambeth, Bryan] Texas Commiss Environm Qual, Austin, TX USA. [Nielsen-Gammon, John] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX USA. RP Banta, RM (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM robert.banta@noaa.gov RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Nielsen-Gammon, John/G-9771-2012; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Hardesty, Robert/H-9844-2013; Angevine, Wayne/H-9849-2013; Senff, Christoph/I-2592-2013; Darby, Lisa/A-8037-2009; Langford, Andrew/D-2323-2009; Sandberg, Scott/I-4875-2013; Alvarez, Raul/I-4879-2013; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Banta, Robert/B-8361-2008 OI Nielsen-Gammon, John/0000-0001-5336-2409; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Angevine, Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116; Darby, Lisa/0000-0003-1271-0643; Langford, Andrew/0000-0002-2932-7061; Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) FX The Air Quality Program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) supported this research. We acknowledge Tom Ryerson of NOAA/ESRL and Pete Breitenbach of TCEQ for many helpful discussions. NR 52 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 45 IS 1 BP 162 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.09.030 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 699PP UT WOS:000285675600017 ER PT J AU Muller, T Henzing, JS de Leeuw, G Wiedensohler, A Alastuey, A Angelov, H Bizjak, M Coen, MC Engstrom, JE Gruening, C Hillamo, R Hoffer, A Imre, K Ivanow, P Jennings, G Sun, JY Kalivitis, N Karlsson, H Komppula, M Laj, P Li, SM Lunder, C Marinoni, A dos Santos, SM Moerman, M Nowak, A Ogren, JA Petzold, A Pichon, JM Rodriquez, S Sharma, S Sheridan, PJ Teinila, K Tuch, T Viana, M Virkkula, A Weingartner, E Wilhelm, R Wang, YQ AF Mueller, T. Henzing, J. S. de Leeuw, G. Wiedensohler, A. Alastuey, A. Angelov, H. Bizjak, M. Coen, M. Collaud Engstrom, J. E. Gruening, C. Hillamo, R. Hoffer, A. Imre, K. Ivanow, P. Jennings, G. Sun, J. Y. Kalivitis, N. Karlsson, H. Komppula, M. Laj, P. Li, S-M. Lunder, C. Marinoni, A. dos Santos, S. Martins Moerman, M. Nowak, A. Ogren, J. A. Petzold, A. Pichon, J. M. Rodriquez, S. Sharma, S. Sheridan, P. J. Teinila, K. Tuch, T. Viana, M. Virkkula, A. Weingartner, E. Wilhelm, R. Wang, Y. Q. TI Characterization and intercomparison of aerosol absorption photometers: result of two intercomparison workshops SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID FILTER-BASED MEASUREMENTS; ATTENUATION CROSS-SECTION; VISIBLE-LIGHT ABSORPTION; BLACK CARBON CONTENT; INTEGRATING NEPHELOMETERS; AMBIENT MEASUREMENTS; SOOT PARTICLES; AETHALOMETER; CALIBRATION; SIZE AB Absorption photometers for real time application have been available since the 1980s, but the use of filter-based instruments to derive information on aerosol properties (absorption coefficient and black carbon, BC) is still a matter of debate. Several workshops have been conducted to investigate the performance of individual instruments over the intervening years. Two workshops with large sets of aerosol absorption photometers were conducted in 2005 and 2007. The data from these instruments were corrected using existing methods before further analysis. The inter-comparison shows a large variation between the responses to absorbing aerosol particles for different types of instruments. The unit to unit variability between instruments can be up to 30% for Particle Soot Absorption Photometers (PSAPs) and Aethalometers. Multi Angle Absorption Photometers (MAAPs) showed a variability of less than 5%. Reasons for the high variability were identified to be variations in sample flow and spot size. It was observed that different flow rates influence system performance with respect to response to absorption and instrumental noise. Measurements with non absorbing particles showed that the current corrections of a cross sensitivity to particle scattering are not sufficient. Remaining cross sensitivities were found to be a function of the total particle load on the filter. The large variation between the response to absorbing aerosol particles for different types of instruments indicates that current correction functions for absorption photometers are not adequate. C1 [Mueller, T.; Wiedensohler, A.; Nowak, A.; Tuch, T.] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Leipzig, Germany. [Henzing, J. S.; de Leeuw, G.; Moerman, M.] Netherlands Org Appl Sci Res, TNO, NL-80015 Utrecht, Netherlands. [de Leeuw, G.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Climate Change Unit, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Komppula, M.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Kuopio Unit, Kuopio, Finland. [de Leeuw, G.; Virkkula, A.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki, Finland. [Alastuey, A.; Viana, M.] Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res, Barcelona, Spain. [Angelov, H.; Ivanow, P.] Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res & Nucl Energy, Sofia, Bulgaria. [Bizjak, M.] Univ Ljubljana, Fac Hlth Sci, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Coen, M. Collaud] MeteoSwiss, Aerol Stn, CH-1530 Payerne, Switzerland. [Engstrom, J. E.] Univ Stockholm, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Gruening, C.; dos Santos, S. Martins] European Commiss DG Joint Res Ctr, IES CCU, Ispra, Italy. [Hoffer, A.; Imre, K.] Univ Pannonia, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Pannonia, Hungary. [Jennings, G.] Natl Univ Ireland, Sch Phys, Environm Change Inst, Galway, Ireland. [Sun, J. Y.] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Key Lab Atmospher Chem, Ctr Atmosphere Watch & Serv, China Meteorol Adm, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Kalivitis, N.] Univ Crete, Environm Chem Proc Lab, Dept Chem, Iraklion, Greece. [Karlsson, H.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Appl Environm Sci, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Laj, P.; Pichon, J. M.] Univ Clermont Ferrand, CNRS, LaMP, F-63177 Aubiere, France. [Laj, P.] Univ Grenoble 1, Lab Glaciol & Geophys Environm, CNRS, F-38400 St Martin Dheres, France. [Li, S-M.] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Sharma, S.] Environm Canada, Div Climate Res, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Lunder, C.] Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway. [Marinoni, A.] Inst Atmospher Sci & Climate, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Ogren, J. A.; Sheridan, P. J.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Petzold, A.] Inst Atmospher Phys, DLR, D-82234 Wessling, Germany. [Rodriquez, S.] Izana Atmospher Res Ctr, AEMET, Associated Unit CSIC Studies Atmospher Pollut, E-38071 Santa Cruz De Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. [Rodriquez, S.] Univ Huelva, Associated Unit CSIC Air Pollut, Huelva 21071, Spain. [Weingartner, E.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, Villigen, Switzerland. [Wilhelm, R.] Meteorol Observ Hohenpeissenberg, German Weather Serv, D-82383 Hohenpeissenberg, Germany. RP Muller, T (reprint author), Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Leipzig, Germany. EM muellert@tropos.de RI Alastuey, Andres/E-1706-2014; Viana, Mar/L-5600-2014; Mueller, Thomas/E-5426-2015; Weingartner, Ernest/B-6793-2009; Collaud Coen, Martine/I-5607-2012; Petzold, Andreas/J-2347-2012; Wiedensohler, Alfred/D-1223-2013; Ogren, John/M-8255-2015; Rodriguez, Sergio/J-5365-2015; Nowak, Andreas/B-6413-2014; Virkkula, Aki/B-8575-2014 OI Gruening, Carsten/0000-0002-6169-2827; Alastuey, Andres/0000-0002-5453-5495; Viana, Mar/0000-0002-4073-3802; Weingartner, Ernest/0000-0002-2427-4634; Petzold, Andreas/0000-0002-2504-1680; Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583; Rodriguez, Sergio/0000-0002-1727-3107; FU EU [FP6-026140, GOCE-CT-2004-505337]; WMO GAW (Global Atmosphere Watch) FX The work described in this paper was supported by the EU FP6 Integrated Infrastructures Initiatives (I3) project EUSAAR (European Supersites for Atmospheric Aerosol Research, project FP6-026140), with the EU FP6 Network of Excellence ACCENT (Atmospheric Composition Change: a European Network, project GOCE-CT-2004-505337) and the WMO GAW (Global Atmosphere Watch) program. NR 50 TC 89 Z9 91 U1 4 U2 38 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 2 BP 245 EP 268 DI 10.5194/amt-4-245-2011 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 727JZ UT WOS:000287796100008 ER PT J AU Thornberry, T Gierczak, T Gao, RS Vomel, H Watts, LA Burkholder, JB Fahey, DW AF Thornberry, T. Gierczak, T. Gao, R. S. Voemel, H. Watts, L. A. Burkholder, J. B. Fahey, D. W. TI Laboratory evaluation of the effect of nitric acid uptake on frost point hygrometer performance SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE; REACTIVE NITROGEN; CIRRUS CLOUDS; ICE; PRESSURES; PARTICLES; INCREASES; SURFACES AB Chilled mirror hygrometers (CMH) are widely used to measure water vapour in the troposphere and lower stratosphere from balloon-borne sondes. Systematic discrepancies among in situ water vapour instruments have been observed at low water vapour mixing ratios (< 5 ppm) in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UT/LS). Understanding the source of the measurement discrepancies is important for a more accurate and reliable determination of water vapour abundance in this region. We have conducted a laboratory study to investigate the potential interference of gas-phase nitric acid (HNO(3)) with the measurement of frost point temperature, and consequently the water vapour mixing ratio, determined by CMH under conditions representative of operation in the UT/LS. No detectable interference in the measured frost point temperature was found for HNO(3) mixing ratios of up to 4 ppb for exposure times up to 150 min. HNO(3) was observed to co-condense on the mirror frost, with the adsorbed mass increasing linearly with time at constant exposure levels. Over the duration of a typical balloon sonde ascent (90-120 min), the maximum accumulated HNO(3) amounts were comparable to monolayer coverage of the geometric mirror surface area, which corresponds to only a small fraction of the actual frost layer surface area. This small amount of co-condensed HNO(3) is consistent with the observed lack of HNO(3) interference in the frost point measurement because the CMH utilizes significant reductions (> 10%) in surface reflectivity by the condensate to determine H(2)O. C1 [Thornberry, T.; Gierczak, T.; Gao, R. S.; Watts, L. A.; Burkholder, J. B.; Fahey, D. W.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Thornberry, T.; Gierczak, T.; Watts, L. A.; Fahey, D. W.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Voemel, H.] Meteorol Observ Lindenberg, German Weather Serv, Lindenberg, Germany. [Gierczak, T.] Univ Warsaw, Dept Chem, Warsaw, Poland. RP Thornberry, T (reprint author), NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. EM troy.thornberry@noaa.gov RI Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Thornberry, Troy/H-7106-2013; Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Watts, Laurel/G-4532-2013; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Watts, Laurel/0000-0002-0834-3329; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; FU NOAA Climate Program Office FX This work was supported by funding from the NOAA Climate Program Office. We would like to thank Christiane Voigt for valuable discussions and suggestions. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 2 BP 289 EP 296 DI 10.5194/amt-4-289-2011 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 727JZ UT WOS:000287796100010 ER PT J AU Roesch, A Wild, M Ohmura, A Dutton, EG Long, CN Zhang, T AF Roesch, A. Wild, M. Ohmura, A. Dutton, E. G. Long, C. N. Zhang, T. TI Assessment of BSRN radiation records for the computation of monthly means SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-RADIATION; SURFACE; FLUXES; ATMOSPHERE; CLIMATE; MODELS; GCMS AB The integrity of the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) radiation monthly averages are assessed by investigating the impact on monthly means due to the frequency of data gaps caused by missing or discarded high time resolution data. The monthly statistics, especially means, are considered to be important and useful values for climate research, model performance evaluations and for assessing the quality of satellite (time- and space-averaged) data products. The study investigates the spread in different algorithms that have been applied for the computation of monthly means from 1-min values. The paper reveals that the computation of monthly means from 1-min observations distinctly depends on the method utilized to account for the missing data. The intra-method difference generally increases with an increasing fraction of missing data. We found that a substantial fraction of the radiation fluxes observed at BSRN sites is either missing or flagged as questionable. The percentage of missing data is 4.4%, 13.0%, and 6.5% for global radiation, direct shortwave radiation, and downwelling longwave radiation, respectively. Most flagged data in the shortwave are due to nighttime instrumental noise and can reasonably be set to zero after correcting for thermal offsets in the daytime data. The study demonstrates that the handling of flagged data clearly impacts on monthly mean estimates obtained with different methods. We showed that the spread of monthly shortwave fluxes is generally clearly higher than for downwelling longwave radiation. Overall, BSRN observations provide sufficient accuracy and completeness for reliable estimates of monthly mean values. However, the value of future data could be further increased by reducing the frequency of data gaps and the number of outliers. It is shown that two independent methods for accounting for the diurnal and seasonal variations in the missing data permit consistent monthly means to within less than 1 W m(-2) in most cases. The authors suggest using a standardized method for the computation of monthly means which addresses diurnal variations in the missing data in order to avoid a mismatch of future published monthly mean radiation fluxes from BSRN. The application of robust statistics would probably lead to less biased results for data records with frequent gaps and/or flagged data and outliers. The currently applied empirical methods should, therefore, be completed by the development of robust methods. C1 [Roesch, A.; Wild, M.; Ohmura, A.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Dutton, E. G.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab GMD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Long, C. N.] Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA USA. [Zhang, T.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Roesch, A (reprint author), ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Univ Str 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM andreas.roesch@env.ethz.ch RI Wild, Martin/J-8977-2012 FU Atsumu Ohmura from ETH Zurich FX The research reported herein was sponsored in part by Atsumu Ohmura from ETH Zurich. The contributions of data from all the various field sites to the BSRN archive is greatly appreciated. NR 21 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 2 BP 339 EP 354 DI 10.5194/amt-4-339-2011 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 727JZ UT WOS:000287796100013 ER PT J AU Smirnov, A Holben, BN Giles, DM Slutsker, I O'Neill, NT Eck, TF Macke, A Croot, P Courcoux, Y Sakerin, SM Smyth, TJ Zielinski, T Zibordi, G Goes, JI Harvey, MJ Quinn, PK Nelson, NB Radionov, VF Duarte, CM Losno, R Sciare, J Voss, KJ Kinne, S Nalli, NR Joseph, E Moorthy, KK Covert, DS Gulev, SK Milinevsky, G Larouche, P Belanger, S Horne, E Chin, M Remer, LA Kahn, RA Reid, JS Schulz, M Heald, CL Zhang, J Lapina, K Kleidman, RG Griesfeller, J Gaitley, BJ Tan, Q Diehl, TL AF Smirnov, A. Holben, B. N. Giles, D. M. Slutsker, I. O'Neill, N. T. Eck, T. F. Macke, A. Croot, P. Courcoux, Y. Sakerin, S. M. Smyth, T. J. Zielinski, T. Zibordi, G. Goes, J. I. Harvey, M. J. Quinn, P. K. Nelson, N. B. Radionov, V. F. Duarte, C. M. Losno, R. Sciare, J. Voss, K. J. Kinne, S. Nalli, N. R. Joseph, E. Moorthy, K. Krishna Covert, D. S. Gulev, S. K. Milinevsky, G. Larouche, P. Belanger, S. Horne, E. Chin, M. Remer, L. A. Kahn, R. A. Reid, J. S. Schulz, M. Heald, C. L. Zhang, J. Lapina, K. Kleidman, R. G. Griesfeller, J. Gaitley, B. J. Tan, Q. Diehl, T. L. TI Maritime aerosol network as a component of AERONET - first results and comparison with global aerosol models and satellite retrievals SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID SUN PHOTOMETER MEASUREMENTS; OPTICAL DEPTH; SEA-SALT; GOCART MODEL; AEROCOM; MODIS; PREINDUSTRIAL; ASSIMILATION; THICKNESS; OCEAN AB The Maritime Aerosol Network (MAN) has been collecting data over the oceans since November 2006. Over 80 cruises were completed through early 2010 with deployments continuing. Measurement areas included various parts of the Atlantic Ocean, the Northern and Southern Pacific Ocean, the South Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, the Arctic Ocean and inland seas. MAN deploys Microtops hand-held sunphotometers and utilizes a calibration procedure and data processing traceable to AERONET. Data collection included areas that previously had no aerosol optical depth (AOD) coverage at all, particularly vast areas of the Southern Ocean. The MAN data archive provides a valuable resource for aerosol studies in maritime environments. In the current paper we present results of AOD measurements over the oceans, and make a comparison with satellite AOD retrievals and model simulations. C1 [Smirnov, A.; Giles, D. M.; Slutsker, I.] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Smirnov, A.; Holben, B. N.; Giles, D. M.; Slutsker, I.; Eck, T. F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [O'Neill, N. T.] Univ Sherbrooke, CARTEL, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. [Eck, T. F.; Tan, Q.; Diehl, T. L.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Macke, A.] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Leipzig, Germany. [Croot, P.] Univ Kiel IFM GEOMAR, Leibniz Inst Marine Sci, Kiel, Germany. [Courcoux, Y.] Univ Reunion, OPAR, St Denis, Reunion. [Sakerin, S. M.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Opt, Siberian Branch, Tomsk, Russia. [Smyth, T. J.] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth, Devon, England. [Zielinski, T.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Sopot, Poland. [Zibordi, G.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Goes, J. I.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, W Boothbay Harbor, ME USA. [Harvey, M. J.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington, New Zealand. [Quinn, P. K.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Nelson, N. B.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Radionov, V. F.] Arctic & Antarctic Res Inst, St Petersburg 199226, Russia. [Duarte, C. M.] IMEDEA CSIC UIB, Inst Mediterraneo Estudios Avanzados, Esporles, Mallorca, Spain. [Losno, R.] Univ Paris 07, Lab Interuniv Syst Atmospher, Creteil, France. [Losno, R.] Univ Paris 12, Creteil, France. [Sciare, J.; Schulz, M.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Voss, K. J.] Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Kinne, S.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Meteorol, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. [Nalli, N. R.] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Joseph, E.] Howard Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Moorthy, K. Krishna] Vikram Sarabhai Space Ctr, Space Phys Lab, Trivandrum 695022, Kerala, India. [Covert, D. S.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Gulev, S. K.] Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow, Russia. [Milinevsky, G.] Taras Shevchenko Natl Univ Kyiv, Space Phys Lab, Kiev, Ukraine. [Larouche, P.] Inst Maurice Lamontagne, Mont Joli, PQ, Canada. [Belanger, S.] Univ Quebec, Dept Biol Chim & Geog, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3A1, Canada. [Horne, E.] Bedford Inst Oceanog, Bedford, NS, Canada. [Chin, M.; Tan, Q.; Diehl, T. L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Remer, L. A.; Kleidman, R. G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Climate & Radiat Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Reid, J. S.] USN, Marine Meteorol Div, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Heald, C. L.; Lapina, K.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Zhang, J.] Univ N Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. [Kleidman, R. G.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Gaitley, B. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Smirnov, A (reprint author), Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM alexander.smirnov-1@nasa.gov RI Smirnov, Alexander/C-2121-2009; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Heald, Colette/A-6813-2011; Nalli, Nicholas/F-6731-2010; Smyth, Tim/D-2008-2012; ECK, THOMAS/D-7407-2012; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012; Voss, Kenneth /A-5328-2013; Duarte, Carlos M/A-7670-2013; Nelson, Norman/B-7343-2014; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Kahn, Ralph/D-5371-2012; Croot, Peter/C-8460-2009; Gulev, Sergey/A-4994-2014; Harvey, Mike/A-5354-2010; Schulz, Michael/A-6930-2011; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016; OI Smirnov, Alexander/0000-0002-8208-1304; Nalli, Nicholas/0000-0002-6914-5537; Voss, Kenneth /0000-0002-7860-5080; Duarte, Carlos M/0000-0002-1213-1361; Nelson, Norman/0000-0003-1767-7598; Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; Kahn, Ralph/0000-0002-5234-6359; Croot, Peter/0000-0003-1396-0601; Harvey, Mike/0000-0002-0979-0227; Schulz, Michael/0000-0003-4493-4158; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895; Moorthy, K. Krishna/0000-0002-7234-3868 FU Institut Polaire Francais (IPEV) FX The authors thank Hal Maring (NASA Headquarters) for his support of AERONET. The authors would like to acknowledge managerial and operational support from M. Sorokin, A. Scully, A. Tran, P. Kenny, D. Hamilton, L. Bariteau, R. Dunn, M. Conley, P. Schoessow, H. Gomes, L. Logan, M. Reynolds, A. Flores, D. A. Siegel, A. Proshutinsky, L. Rainville, A. Jayakumar, S. Schick, D. Menzies, E. Emry, C. Swan, K. G. Fairbarn (USA); M. Panchenko, O. Kopelevich, A. Sinitsyn, D. Kabanov, A. Tikhomirov, A. Kalsin, S. Terpugova, V. Polkin (Sr), V. Polkin (Jr), N. Vlasov, Y. Turchinovich, A. Gubin, Y. Zyulyaeva (Russia); P. Goloub, L. Blarel, S. Triquet, P. Hernandez, V. Duflot, T. Lecointre, S. Barataud, P. Ricaud, P. Sangiardi, A. Kartavtseff, J.-F. Ternon, F. Jourdin, C. Petus, J. Nicolas, S. Devidal, L. Martinon, M. Faillot, F. Gabarrot, N. Villeneuve, I. Jubert, M. Barblu, G. Duval (France); C. Powell, C. Gallienne (UK); C. Schlosser, Y. Zoll, M. Schlundt, M. Heller, T. Hanschmann, K. Lengfeld, A. Tessendorf, N. Renkosik, T. Heus, K. Lonitz, B. Quack, T. Dinter, A. Wassmann, M. Schlundt, B. Pospichal, F. Wittrock (Germany); A. Bromley, R. Martin, G. Brailsford (New Zealand); J. Kowalczyk, A. Ponczkowska, J. Pasnicki, K. Zielinski, P. Makuch, B. Lednicka (Poland); K. Niranjan, S. Babu, S. K. Satheesh, V. S. Nair, S. N. Beegum (India), S. Piketh, D. Williams, B. Kuyper, E. Robertson (South Africa), L. Jankowski, R. Matarrese (Italy), R. M. Castillo (Spain). One of the co-authors (Jean Sciare) would like to thank Institut Polaire Francais (IPEV) for the support provided within the AEROTRACE project. NR 41 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 26 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 3 BP 583 EP 597 DI 10.5194/amt-4-583-2011 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 742AR UT WOS:000288911000015 ER PT J AU Fong, CJ Whiteley, D Yang, E Cook, K Chu, V Schreiner, B Ector, D Wilczynski, P Liu, TY Yen, N AF Fong, C. -J. Whiteley, D. Yang, E. Cook, K. Chu, V. Schreiner, B. Ector, D. Wilczynski, P. Liu, T. -Y. Yen, N. TI Space and ground segment performance and lessons learned of the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC mission: four years in orbit SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID RADIO OCCULTATION DATA; FOLLOW-ON MISSION; CONSTELLATION SYSTEM; GPS; WEATHER; ATMOSPHERE AB The FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate) Mission consisting of six Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO) satellites is the world's first demonstration constellation using radio occultation signals from Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites. The atmospheric profiles derived by processing radio occultation signals are retrieved in near real-time for global weather/climate monitoring, numerical weather prediction, and space weather research. The mission has processed, on average, 1400 to 1800 high-quality atmospheric sounding profiles per day. The atmospheric radio occultation data are assimilated into operational numerical weather prediction models for global weather prediction, including typhoon/hurricane/cyclone forecasts. The radio occultation data has shown a positive impact on weather predictions at many national weather forecast centers. A follow-on mission was proposed that transitions the current experimental research mission into a significantly improved real-time operational mission, which will reliably provide 8000 radio occultation soundings per day. The follow-on mission, as planned, will consist of 12 LEO satellites (compared to 6 satellites for the current mission) with data latency requirement of 45 min (compared to 3 h for the current mission), which will provide greatly enhanced opportunities for operational forecasts and scientific research. This paper will address the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC system and mission overview, the spacecraft and ground system performance after four years in orbit, the lessons learned from the encountered technical challenges and observations, and the expected design improvements for the spacecraft and ground system for FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2. C1 [Cook, K.] UCAR, Boulder, CO USA. [Fong, C. -J.; Yang, E.; Chu, V.; Liu, T. -Y.; Yen, N.] Natl Space Org NSPO, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Whiteley, D.; Ector, D.; Wilczynski, P.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. C2 Int LLC, Kimball, SD USA. RP Cook, K (reprint author), UCAR, Boulder, CO USA. EM kcook@c2iconsulting.com NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 6 BP 1115 EP 1132 DI 10.5194/amt-4-1115-2011 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 781NP UT WOS:000291940400009 ER PT J AU Wagner, NL Dube, WP Washenfelder, RA Young, CJ Pollack, IB Ryerson, TB Brown, SS AF Wagner, N. L. Dube, W. P. Washenfelder, R. A. Young, C. J. Pollack, I. B. Ryerson, T. B. Brown, S. S. TI Diode laser-based cavity ring-down instrument for NO3, N2O5, NO, NO2 and O-3 from aircraft SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; CROSS-SECTION; SPECTROSCOPY; NITRATE; ATMOSPHERE; CHEMISTRY; INLET AB This article presents a diode laser-based, cavity ring-down spectrometer for simultaneous in situ measurements of four nitrogen oxide species, NO3, N2O5, NO, NO2, as well as O-3, designed for deployment on aircraft. The instrument measures NO3 and NO2 by optical extinction at 662 nm and 405 nm, respectively; N2O5 is measured by thermal conversion to NO3, while NO and O-3 are measured by chemical conversion to NO2. The instrument has several advantages over previous instruments developed by our group for measurement of NO2, NO3 and N2O5 alone, based on a pulsed Nd:YAG and dye laser. First, the use of continuous wave diode lasers reduces the requirements for power and weight and eliminates hazardous materials. Second, detection of NO2 at 405 nm is more sensitive than our previously reported 532 nm instrument, and does not have a measurable interference from O-3. Third, the instrument includes chemical conversion of NO and O-3 to NO2 to provide measurements of total NOx (=NO + NO2) and Ox (=NO2 + O-3) on two separate channels; mixing ratios of NO and O-3 are determined by subtraction of NO2. Finally, all five species are calibrated against a single standard based on 254 nm O-3 absorption to provide high accuracy. Disadvantages include an increased sensitivity to water vapor on the 662 nm NO3 and N2O5 channels and a modest reduction in sensitivity for these species compared to the pulsed laser instrument. The in-flight detection limit for both NO3 and N2O5 is 3 pptv (2 sigma, 1 s) and for NO, NO2 and O-3 is 140, 90, and 120 pptv (2 sigma, 1 s) respectively. Demonstrated performance of the instrument in a laboratory/ground based environment is better by approximately a factor of 2-3. The NO and NO2 measurements are less precise than research-grade chemiluminescence instruments. However, the combination of these five species in a single instrument, calibrated to a single analytical standard, provides a complete and accurate picture of nighttime nitrogen oxide chemistry. The instrument performance is demonstrated using data acquired during a recent field campaign in California. C1 [Wagner, N. L.; Dube, W. P.; Washenfelder, R. A.; Young, C. J.; Pollack, I. B.; Ryerson, T. B.; Brown, S. S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wagner, N. L.; Dube, W. P.; Washenfelder, R. A.; Young, C. J.; Pollack, I. B.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Brown, SS (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, R CSD7,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM steven.s.brown@noaa.gov RI Young, Cora/A-4551-2010; Washenfelder, Rebecca/E-7169-2010; Pollack, Ilana/F-9875-2012; Wagner, Nicholas/E-7437-2010; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Dube, William/I-1658-2013; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Young, Cora/0000-0002-6908-5829; Washenfelder, Rebecca/0000-0002-8106-3702; Dube, William/0000-0003-1286-4087; FU NOAA FX This work was funded in part by NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Program. NR 36 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 8 U2 37 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 6 BP 1227 EP 1240 DI 10.5194/amt-4-1227-2011 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 785SE UT WOS:000292248700004 ER PT J AU Heckel, A Kim, SW Frost, GJ Richter, A Trainer, M Burrows, JP AF Heckel, A. Kim, S. -W. Frost, G. J. Richter, A. Trainer, M. Burrows, J. P. TI Influence of low spatial resolution a priori data on tropospheric NO2 satellite retrievals SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN-OXIDE EMISSIONS; GOME MEASUREMENTS; OMI; SCIAMACHY; SPACE; MODEL; VALIDATION; INSTRUMENT; COLUMNS; DIOXIDE AB The retrieval of tropospheric columns of NO2 and other trace gases from satellite observations of backscattered solar radiation relies on the use of accurate a priori information. The spatial resolution of current space sensors is often significantly higher than that of the a priori datasets used, introducing uncertainties from spatial misrepresentation. In this study, the effect of spatial under-sampling of a priori data on the retrieval of NO2 columns was studied for a typical coastal area (around San Francisco). High-resolution (15 x 15 km(2)) NO2 a priori data from the WRF-Chem model in combination with high-resolution MODIS surface reflectance and aerosol data were used to investigate the uncertainty introduced by applying a priori data at typical global chemical transport model resolution. The results show that the relative uncertainties can be large (more than a factor of 2 if all a priori data used is at the coarsest resolution) for individual measurements, mainly due to spatial variations in NO2 profile and surface albedo, with smaller contributions from aerosols and surface height changes. Similar sensitivities are expected for other coastal regions and localised sources such as power plants, highlighting the need for high-resolution a priori data in quantitative analysis of the spatial patterns retrieved from satellite observations of tropospheric pollution. C1 [Heckel, A.; Richter, A.; Burrows, J. P.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, Bremen, Germany. [Heckel, A.; Richter, A.; Burrows, J. P.] Univ Bremen, Inst Remote Sensing, Bremen, Germany. [Heckel, A.] Swansea Univ, Dept Geog, Swansea, W Glam, Wales. [Kim, S. -W.; Frost, G. J.; Trainer, M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kim, S. -W.; Frost, G. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Richter, A (reprint author), Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, Bremen, Germany. EM richter@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de RI Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Frost, Gregory/I-1958-2013; Kim, Si-Wan/I-3979-2013; Richter, Andreas/C-4971-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Burrows, John/B-6199-2014 OI Kim, Si-Wan/0000-0002-7889-189X; Richter, Andreas/0000-0003-3339-212X; Burrows, John/0000-0002-6821-5580 FU University of Bremen; European Union [212095]; NOAA FX MODIS data was provided by NASA through the MODIS web pages. The authors wish to acknowledge funding support from the University of Bremen, the European Union through the CITYZEN project (grant no. 212095), and NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere research program. We thank F. Boersma and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments and suggestions. NR 47 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 9 BP 1805 EP 1820 DI 10.5194/amt-4-1805-2011 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 826QC UT WOS:000295367700007 ER PT J AU Petropavlovskikh, I Evans, R McConville, G Oltmans, S Quincy, D Lantz, K Disterhoft, P Stanek, M Flynn, L AF Petropavlovskikh, I. Evans, R. McConville, G. Oltmans, S. Quincy, D. Lantz, K. Disterhoft, P. Stanek, M. Flynn, L. TI Sensitivity of Dobson and Brewer Umkehr ozone profile retrievals to ozone cross-sections and stray light effects SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID MONITORING-EXPERIMENT GOME; ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRORADIOMETERS; ABSORPTION-COEFFICIENTS; SPECTROPHOTOMETER; INSTRUMENT; IRRADIANCE; SCIAMACHY; NORTHERN; O-3 AB Remote sounding methods are used to derive ozone profile and column information from various ground-based and satellite measurements. Vertical ozone profiles measured in Dobson units (DU) are currently retrieved based on laboratory measurements of the ozone absorption cross-section spectrum between 270 and 400 nm published in 1985 by Bass and Paur (BP). Recently, the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the European Space Agency (ESA) proposed using the set of ozone cross-section measurements made at the Daumont laboratory in 1992 (BDM) for revising the Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) satellite ozone profiles and total ozone column retrievals. Dobson Umkehr zenith sky data have been collected by NOAA ground-based stations at Boulder, CO (BDR) and Mauna Loa Observatory, HI (MLO) since the 1980s. The UMK04 algorithm is based on the BP ozone cross-section data. It is currently used for all Dobson Umkehr data processing submitted to the World Ozone and Ultraviolet radiation Data Centre (WOUDC) under the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) program of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Ozone profiles are also retrieved from measurements by the Mark IV Brewers operated by the NOAA-EPA Brewer Spectrophotometer UV and Ozone Network (NEUBrew) using a modified UMK04 algorithm (O3BUmkehr v.2.6, Martin Stanek). This paper describes the sensitivity of the Umkehr retrievals with respect to the proposed ozone cross-section changes. It is found that the ozone cross-section choice only minimally (within the retrieval accuracy) affects the Dobson and the Brewer Umkehr retrievals. On the other hand, significantly larger errors were found in the MLO and Boulder Umkehr ozone data (-8 and +5% bias in stratosphere and troposphere respectively) when the out-of-band (OOB) stray light contribution to the Umkehr measurement is not taken into account (correction is currently not included in the UMK04). The vertical distribution of OOB effect in the retrieved profile can be related to the local ozone climatology, instrument degradation, and optical characteristics of the instrument. Nonetheless, recurring OOB errors do not contribute to the long-term ozone trends. C1 [Petropavlovskikh, I.; McConville, G.; Quincy, D.; Lantz, K.; Disterhoft, P.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Evans, R.; Oltmans, S.] NOAA, OAR, ERSL, Climate Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Stanek, M.] Czech Hydrometeorol Inst, Solar & Ozone Observ, Hradec Kralove 50008, Czech Republic. [Flynn, L.] NOAA, NESDIS, ORA, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Petropavlovskikh, I (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM irina.petro@noaa.gov RI Flynn, Lawrence/B-6321-2009 OI Flynn, Lawrence/0000-0001-6856-2614 FU EPA [EPA-G2006-STAR-D1]; NASA [NNX09AJ24G] FX The authors wish to thank A. Cede, G. Labow, R. McPeters, and P. K. Bhartia of Goddard Space Flight Center for their assistance in supplying determinations of BDM cross-sections. We would also like to thank T. McElroy and V. Fioletov of the EC for providing MLO Brewer Umkehr data for analysis. The first author would like to express gratitude to M. Stanek of Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Czech Republic (stanek@chmi.cz), who works tirelessly to modify and improve the O3B umkehr software. This work was supported by the EPA STAR grant EPA-G2006-STAR-D1 and NASA ROSES-2008 Award (NNX09AJ24G). NR 56 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 9 BP 1841 EP 1853 DI 10.5194/amt-4-1841-2011 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 826QC UT WOS:000295367700009 ER PT J AU Rollins, AW Thornberry, TD Gao, RS Hall, BD Fahey, DW AF Rollins, A. W. Thornberry, T. D. Gao, R. -S. Hall, B. D. Fahey, D. W. TI Catalytic oxidation of H-2 on platinum: a robust method for generating low mixing ratio H2O standards SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID PATH AB Standard reference samples of water vapor suitable for in situ calibration of atmospheric hygrometers are not currently widespread, leading to difficulties in unifying the calibrations of these hygrometers and potentially contributing to observed measurement discrepancies. We describe and evaluate a system for reliably and quantitatively converting mixtures of H-2 in air to H2O on a heated platinum surface, providing a compact, portable, adjustable source of water vapor. The technique is shown to be accurate and can be used to easily and reliably produce a wide range of water vapor concentrations (approximate to 1 ppm -2%) on demand. The result is a H2O standard that is expected to be suitable for in situ calibration of aircraft hygrometers, with an accuracy nearly that of the available H-2 standards (approximate to +/- 2%). C1 [Rollins, A. W.; Thornberry, T. D.; Gao, R. -S.; Fahey, D. W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Rollins, A. W.; Thornberry, T. D.; Fahey, D. W.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hall, B. D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Rollins, AW (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. EM andrew.rollins@noaa.gov RI Rollins, Andrew/G-7214-2012; Thornberry, Troy/H-7106-2013; Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 10 BP 2059 EP 2064 DI 10.5194/amt-4-2059-2011 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 842JC UT WOS:000296594000002 ER PT J AU Ren, X Sanders, JE Rajendran, A Weber, RJ Goldstein, AH Pusede, SE Browne, EC Min, KE Cohen, RC AF Ren, X. Sanders, J. E. Rajendran, A. Weber, R. J. Goldstein, A. H. Pusede, S. E. Browne, E. C. Min, K. -E. Cohen, R. C. TI A relaxed eddy accumulation system for measuring vertical fluxes of nitrous acid SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PONDEROSA PINE PLANTATION; SNOW SURFACES; OH RADICALS; HUMIC-ACID; HONO; FOREST; PHOTOLYSIS; ATMOSPHERE; ISOPRENE AB A relaxed eddy accumulation (REA) system combined with a nitrous acid (HONO) analyzer was developed to measure atmospheric HONO vertical fluxes. The system consists of three major components: (1) a fast-response sonic anemometer measuring both vertical wind velocity and air temperature, (2) a fast-response controlling unit separating air motions into updraft and downdraft samplers by the sign of vertical wind velocity, and (3) a highly sensitive HONO analyzer based on aqueous long path absorption photometry that measures HONO concentrations in the updrafts and downdrafts. A dynamic velocity threshold (+/- 0.5 sigma(w), where sigma(w) is a standard deviation of the vertical wind velocity) was used for valve switching determined by the running means and standard deviations of the vertical wind velocity. Using measured temperature as a tracer and the average values from two field deployments, the flux proportionality coefficient, beta, was determined to be 0.42 +/- 0.02, in good agreement with the theoretical estimation. The REA system was deployed in two ground-based field studies. In the California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change (CalNex) study in Bakersfield, California in summer 2010, measured HONO fluxes appeared to be upward during the day and were close to zero at night. The upward HONO flux was highly correlated to the product of NO2 and solar radiation. During the Biosphere Effects on Aerosols and Photochemistry Experiment (BEARPEX 2009) at Blodgett Forest, California in July 2009, the overall HONO fluxes were small in magnitude and were close to zero. Causes for the different HONO fluxes in the two different environments are briefly discussed. C1 [Ren, X.; Sanders, J. E.; Rajendran, A.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Weber, R. J.; Goldstein, A. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Pusede, S. E.; Browne, E. C.; Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Min, K. -E.; Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ren, X (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM xren@rsmas.miami.edu RI Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011; Min, Kyung-Eun/I-2839-2013; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Browne, Eleanor/J-4517-2015; Ren, Xinrong/E-7838-2015 OI Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Browne, Eleanor/0000-0002-8076-9455; Ren, Xinrong/0000-0001-9974-1666 FU NSF [AGS-0914619]; Houston Advanced Research Center (HARC); University of Miami; National Science Foundation [0922562]; California Air Resources Board for CalNex [08-316] FX We thank Sierra Pacific Industries for the use of their land and the University of California, Berkeley, Center for Forestry, Blodgett Forest Research Station for cooperation in facilitating the BEARPEX research. We also thank the Kern County and University of California Cooperative Extension office in Bakersfield for use of their land and thank the staff (particularly John Karlik and Rick Ramirez) for cooperation in facilitating this research. This work was partially supported by NSF (AGS-0914619), Houston Advanced Research Center (HARC), and University of Miami Provost Research Award. Much of the site infrastructure and core measurements were funded by the National Science Foundation Atmospheric Chemistry Program for BEARPEX 2009 (Grant 0922562), and the California Air Resources Board for CalNex 2010 (Contract 08-316). We acknowledge the helpful suggestions by two anonymous reviewers. NR 56 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 30 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 10 BP 2093 EP 2103 DI 10.5194/amt-4-2093-2011 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 842JC UT WOS:000296594000006 ER PT J AU Bocquet, F Helmig, D Van Dam, BA Fairall, CW AF Bocquet, F. Helmig, D. Van Dam, B. A. Fairall, C. W. TI Evaluation of the flux gradient technique for measurement of ozone surface fluxes over snowpack at Summit, Greenland SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID GAP FILLING STRATEGIES; WATER-VAPOR; EDDY-COVARIANCE; TURBULENT FLUXES; DRY DEPOSITION; TRACE GASES; EXCHANGE; ECOSYSTEM; INTERFERENCE; UNCERTAINTY AB A multi-step procedure for investigating ozone surface fluxes over polar snow by the tower gradient method was developed and evaluated. These measurements were then used to obtain five months (April-August 2004) of turbulent ozone flux data at the Summit research camp located in the center of the Greenland ice shield. Turbulent fluxes were determined by the gradient method incorporating tower measurements of (a) ozone gradients measured by commercial ultraviolet absorption analyzers, (b) ambient temperature gradients using aspirated thermocouple sensors, and (c) wind speed gradients determined by cup anemometers. All gradient instruments were regularly inter-compared by bringing sensors or inlets to the same measurement height. The developed protocol resulted in an uncertainty on the order of 0.1 ppbv for 30-min averaged ozone gradients that were used for the ozone flux calculations. This protocol facilitated a lower sensitivity threshold for the ozone flux determination of similar to 8 x 10(-3) mu gm(-2) s(-1), respectively similar to 0.01 cm s(-1) for the ozone deposition velocity for typical environmental conditions encountered at Summit. Uncertainty in the 30-min ozone exchange measurements (evaluated by the Monte Carlo statistical approach) was on the order of 10(-2) cm s(-1). This uncertainty typically accounted to similar to 20-100% of the ozone exchange velocities that were determined. These measurements are among the most sensitive ozone deposition determinations reported to date. This flux experiment allowed for measurements of the relatively low ozone uptake rates encountered for polar snow, and thereby the study of their environmental and spring-versus-summer dependencies. C1 [Bocquet, F.; Helmig, D.; Van Dam, B. A.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fairall, C. W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Helmig, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, UCB 450, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM detlev.helmig@colorado.edu OI Van Dam, Brie/0000-0003-4604-5215 FU United States National Science Foundation (Office of Polar Programs) [240976] FX This research was supported through the United States National Science Foundation (Office of Polar Programs OPP #240976). We thank Thermo Fisher Scientific for modifying the TEI 49C ozone monitor data acquisition program. Logistical support was provided by VECO Polar Resources and the US 109th Air National Guard. We also thank the Danish Commission for Scientific Research for providing access to the Summit research site. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 10 BP 2305 EP 2321 DI 10.5194/amt-4-2305-2011 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 842JC UT WOS:000296594000020 ER PT J AU Warneke, C Veres, P Holloway, JS Stutz, J Tsai, C Alvarez, S Rappenglueck, B Fehsenfeld, FC Graus, M Gilman, JB de Gouw, JA AF Warneke, C. Veres, P. Holloway, J. S. Stutz, J. Tsai, C. Alvarez, S. Rappenglueck, B. Fehsenfeld, F. C. Graus, M. Gilman, J. B. de Gouw, J. A. TI Airborne formaldehyde measurements using PTR-MS: calibration, humidity dependence, inter-comparison and initial results SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID PROTON-TRANSFER-REACTION; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; REACTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; FIELD-MEASUREMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; AMBIENT FORMALDEHYDE; HCHO MEASUREMENTS; CARBON-MONOXIDE AB We present quantitative, fast time response measurements of formaldehyde (HCHO) onboard an aircraft using a Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass-Spectrometry (PTR-MS) instrument. The HCHO measurement by PTR-MS is strongly humidity dependent and therefore airborne measurements are difficult and have not been reported. The PTR-MS instrument was run in the standard PTR-MS operating mode (de Gouw and Warneke, 2007), where about 15 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are measured together with HCHO onboard the NOAA WP