FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™
VR 1.0
PT J
AU Farmer, NA
Ault, JS
AF Farmer, Nicholas A.
Ault, Jerald S.
TI Grouper and snapper movements and habitat use in Dry Tortugas, Florida
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE Acoustic tracking; Snapper-grouper complex; Movement patterns; Home
range; Marine reserves; Coral reef fishes
ID HOME-RANGE SIZE; NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY; CORAL-REEF ECOSYSTEM;
PROTECTED AREAS; MULTISPECIES FISHERIES; SPAWNING AGGREGATIONS; BLACK
GROUPER; SITE FIDELITY; SHORT-TERM; ST-LUCIA
AB Home ranges, activity patterns, and habitat preferences in and around no-take marine reserves (NTMRs) were evaluated for 5 exploited snapper-grouper species in diverse coral reef habitats in the Dry Tortugas, Florida. Movements of ultrasonic tagged reef fish were determined using a calibrated array of omnidirectional hydroacoustic receivers. Average home range sizes were 2.09 +/- 0.39 km(2) (n = 28; total length, TL = 45 to 66 cm) for red grouper Epinephelus morio, 4.17 +/- 1.75 km(2) (n = 5, TL = 48 to 55 cm) for yellowtail snapper Ocyurus chrysurus, 1.44 +/- 1.04 km(2) (n = 2, TL = 57 to 75 cm) for black grouper Mycteroperca bonaci, and 7.64 km(2) (n = 1, TL = 70 cm) for mutton snapper Lutjanus analis. Red grouper and yellowtail snapper moved moderate distances (from 700 to 900 m) with moderate frequency. Observed movements for black groupers were relatively small and infrequent. Mutton snappers appeared to make short, frequent movements. A tracked gray snapper L. griseus made long-distance nocturnal migrations. Several exploited-phase groupers and snappers crossed into and out of reserve boundaries. They were most likely to do so in locations where boundaries were positioned over contiguous coral reef and close to home-range centers. We found that home ranges for red grouper, black grouper, and yellowtail snapper were relatively small in comparison to NTMR area. Our observations suggest that the Dry Tortugas NTMRs may reduce exposure to exploitation for these and other species with limited home ranges, especially where NTMR boundaries do not overlie contiguous reef.
C1 [Farmer, Nicholas A.; Ault, Jerald S.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Farmer, Nicholas A.] NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Reg Off, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
RP Farmer, NA (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM nick.farmer@noaa.gov
RI Ault, Jerald/A-5241-2008
OI Ault, Jerald/0000-0001-9657-8007
FU National Park Service CESU [H5000065040-J5281060165]; NOAA NMFS Coral
Reef Conservation [NA17RJ1226, NA08OAR4320892]; ASEE National Defense
Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship; University of Miami
Doctoral Fellowship
FX This research was supported by National Park Service CESU contract
H5000065040-J5281060165 and NOAA NMFS Coral Reef Conservation Program
Grants NA17RJ1226 and NA08OAR4320892. Graduate support was provided to
N.A.F. by an ASEE National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate
Fellowship and a University of Miami Doctoral Fellowship. We thank
Superintendent D. Kimball and Assistant Superintendent R. Howard of Dry
Tortugas National Park, and B. Causey of the Florida Keys National
Marine Sanctuary, for funding, permits, and access to resources. We
thank the following for additional support: Florida Foundation for
Responsible Angling; International Light Tackle Tournament Association;
International Women's Fishing Association Ryan Kelley Memorial
Scholarship; Marine Technology Society; PADI Project AWARE; SEA-SPACE;
Yamaha Contender Miami Billfish Tournament; University of Miami Small
Boats Program; Yankee Fleet of Key West; Costa del Mar; National Marine
Fisheries Service; G. Kelley; S. Donahue; The Calloway Family; American
Institute of Fishery Research Biologists; US Geological Survey; Stock
Island Oceanside Marina; Andy Griffiths Charters of Key West, Florida;
D. B. Olson, N. M. Ehrhardt, and J. W. McManus of the University of
Miami; and our many field volunteers. All research was in full
compliance with the University of Miami Institutional Animal Care and
Use Committee.
NR 84
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PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PY 2011
VL 433
BP 169
EP 184
DI 10.3354/meps09198
PG 16
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA 794JB
UT WOS:000292890400014
ER
PT J
AU Mangel, JC
Alfaro-Shigueto, J
Witt, MJ
Dutton, PH
Seminoff, JA
Godley, BJ
AF Mangel, Jeffrey C.
Alfaro-Shigueto, Joanna
Witt, Matthew J.
Dutton, Peter H.
Seminoff, Jeffrey A.
Godley, Brendan J.
TI Post-capture movements of loggerhead turtles in the southeastern Pacific
Ocean assessed by satellite tracking
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE Caretta caretta; Peru; Chile; Small-scale fisheries; Bycatch; Habitat;
Governance
ID PELAGIC LONGLINE FISHERY; SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES; SEA-TURTLES;
CARETTA-CARETTA; MARINE TURTLES; NORTH PACIFIC; BY-CATCH; POSTRELEASE
MORTALITY; HABITAT USE; BYCATCH
AB The post-capture movements made by loggerhead sea turtles Caretta caretta in the southeastern Pacific Ocean were monitored from 2003 to 2007. Fourteen loggerhead turtles were fitted with satellite transmitters and released off the coast of Peru. All turtles were juveniles (curved carapace length range: 40.5 to 68.5 cm) incidentally captured by small-scale longline fishing vessels from southern or central Peru. Track durations were highly variable (mean +/- SD: 143 +/- 90 d; range: 8 to 297 d) with no clear signs of immediate post-release mortality. Upon release, all turtles moved offshore beyond the continental shelf. Eight of 11 turtles tracked for > 60 d had final displacements of < 750 km, suggesting that loggerhead turtles often maintain extended residency in these waters and that this area is an important foraging zone for loggerhead turtles of southwest Pacific origin. Satellite tracks also showed a substantial overlap of areas used by turtles with known Peruvian longline fishing effort. Turtles spent 75% of their time within the area fished by this fleet (based upon observed sets). This suggests that turtles are vulnerable to fishery interactions and that bycatch mitigation measures should be employed to minimize fishery impacts on loggerhead turtles. The loggerhead turtles tracked during this study spent ca. 51% of their time in Peruvian waters, 39% in international waters and 9% in Chilean waters, which emphasizes the need for a multinational approach to sea turtle conservation and fisheries management in the region.
C1 [Mangel, Jeffrey C.; Alfaro-Shigueto, Joanna] Pro Delphinus, Lima 11, Peru.
[Mangel, Jeffrey C.; Alfaro-Shigueto, Joanna; Witt, Matthew J.; Godley, Brendan J.] Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Penryn TR10 9EZ, Cornwall, England.
[Dutton, Peter H.; Seminoff, Jeffrey A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP Mangel, JC (reprint author), Pro Delphinus, Octavio Bernal 572-5, Lima 11, Peru.
EM jcm210@exeter.ac.uk
RI godley, brendan/A-6139-2009
OI godley, brendan/0000-0003-3845-0034
FU NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service Southwest Fisheries Science
Center; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Darwin Initiative;
Peninsula Research Institute for Marine Renewable Energy (PRIMaRE)
FX We warmly thank the participating fishers, Captains Miguel Cuentas and
Francisco Bernedo in particular, for their generous collaboration. Pro
Delphinus biologists and veterinarians D. Montes and M. Pajuelo provided
superb field work. The artisanal fisher association from the port of Ilo
(SUBCABPI) provided excellent logistical support. The manuscript
benefitted from helpful comments by 4 anonymous reviewers. Project
funding and equipment was provided by NOAA National Marine Fisheries
Service Southwest Fisheries Science Center and the National Fish and
Wildlife Foundation. J.C.M. and J.A.S. are Overseas Research and
Students Awards Scheme (ORSAS) and University of Exeter scholarship
awardees, respectively. J.C.M., J.A.S. and B.J.G. received funding from
the Darwin Initiative. M.J.W. is funded by the Peninsula Research
Institute for Marine Renewable Energy (PRIMaRE). Research was authorized
under Instituto Nacional de Recursos Naturales (INRENA) permits
015-2002-INRENA-J-DGFFS-DCB, 070-2003-INRENA-IFFS-DCB,
068-2004-INRENA-IFFS-DCB, 025-2005-INRENA-IFFS-DCB and
002-2006-INRENA-IFFS-DCB.
NR 88
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Z9 12
U1 1
U2 27
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PY 2011
VL 433
BP 261
EP U307
DI 10.3354/meps09152
PG 16
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA 794JB
UT WOS:000292890400021
ER
PT J
AU Hale, RC
Gallo, KP
Tarpley, D
Yu, YY
AF Hale, Robert C.
Gallo, Kevin P.
Tarpley, Dan
Yu, Yunyue
TI Characterization of variability at in situ locations for
calibration/validation of satellite-derived land surface temperature
data
SO REMOTE SENSING LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID VALIDATION; SURFRAD; ASTER
AB Calibration and validation (cal/val) of data derived from satellite-based instruments is critical to providing accurate global measurements of environmental variables at useful spatial and temporal resolutions. In this letter, statistical models based on linear regressions employing various predictor variables were utilized to elucidate appropriate methods of characterizing variability near ground sites that might be used for calibration and validation. Regressions based on more complex statistics performed no better than those based on easily derived statistics, and the regression relations provided valuable information for assessing the potential quality of satellite-based measures of land surface temperature.
C1 [Hale, Robert C.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Gallo, Kevin P.; Yu, Yunyue] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Tarpley, Dan] Short & Associates Inc, Chevy Chase, MD USA.
RP Hale, RC (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM rhale@usgs.gov
RI Gallo, Kevin P./F-5588-2010; Yu, Yunyue/F-5636-2010
FU NOAA
FX This study was partially supported by the NOAA GOES-R Program.
NR 17
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Z9 10
U1 0
U2 7
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 2150-704X
J9 REMOTE SENS LETT
JI Remote Sens. Lett.
PY 2011
VL 2
IS 1
BP 41
EP 50
DI 10.1080/01431161.2010.490569
PG 10
WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
GA 794CJ
UT WOS:000292872700005
ER
PT J
AU Wiley, D
Ware, C
Bocconcelli, A
Cholewiak, D
Friedlaender, A
Thompson, M
Weinrich, M
AF Wiley, David
Ware, Colin
Bocconcelli, Alessandro
Cholewiak, Danielle
Friedlaender, Ari
Thompson, Michael
Weinrich, Mason
TI Underwater components of humpback whale bubble-net feeding behaviour
SO BEHAVIOUR
LA English
DT Article
DE humpback whale; feeding; bubble net; kinematic; spiral-loop; double-loop
ID WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; SOUTHERN GULF; BALEEN
WHALES; BALAENOPTERA-PHYSALUS; AMMODYTES-AMERICANUS; MAINE;
ASSOCIATIONS; STABILITY; EVOLUTION
AB Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) employ a unique and complex foraging behaviour - bubble-netting - that involves expelling air underwater to form a vertical cylinder-ring of bubbles around prey. We used digital suction cup tags (DTAGs) that concurrently measure pitch, roll, heading, depth and sound (96 kHz sampling rate), to provide the first depiction of the underwater behaviours in which humpback whales engage during bubble-net feeding. Body mechanics and swim paths were analysed using custom visualization software that animates the underwater track of the whale and quantifies tag sensor values. Bubble production was identified aurally and through spectrographic analysis of tag audio records. We identified two classes of behaviour (upward-spiral; 6 animals, 118 events and double-loop; 3 animals, 182 events) that whales used to create bubble nets. Specifically, we show the actual swim path of the whales (e. g., number of revolutions, turning rate, depth interval of spiral), when and where in the process bubbles were expelled and the pattern of bubble expulsion used by the animals. Relative to other baleanopterids, bubble-netting humpbacks demonstrate increased manoeuvrability probably aided by a unique hydrodynamicly enhanced body form. We identified an approximately 20 m depth or depth interval limit to the use of bubble nets and suggest that this limit is due to the physics of bubble dispersal to which humpback whales have behaviourally adapted. All animals were feeding with at least one untagged animal and we use our data to speculate that reciprocity or by-product mutualism best explain coordinated feeding behaviour in humpbacks.
C1 [Wiley, David; Cholewiak, Danielle; Thompson, Michael] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Stellwagen Bank Natl Marine Sanctuary, Scituate, MA 02066 USA.
[Ware, Colin] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
[Bocconcelli, Alessandro] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Friedlaender, Ari] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
[Weinrich, Mason] Whale Ctr New England, Gloucester, MA 01931 USA.
RP Wiley, D (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Stellwagen Bank Natl Marine Sanctuary, 175 Edward Foster Rd, Scituate, MA 02066 USA.
EM David.Wiley@noaa.gov
FU Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary; Office of National Marine
Sanctuaries; National Oceanographic Partnership Program
FX We thank the officers and crew of the NOAA research vessels Nancy Foster
and Auk for their capable assistance during field operations. We also
thank the various members of our field team over the years, including
Roland Arsenault, Pat Halpin, Elliot Hazen, Tom Hurst, Just Moller,
Susan Parks, Cara Pecarcik, Allison Rosner, Kate Sardi, Jamison Smith,
Alison Stimpert, Jennifer Tackaberry, Becky Woodward and Jeremy Winn.
Funding was provided by the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary,
Office of National Marine Sanctuaries, and the National Oceanographic
Partnership Program. Whale tag data were collected under permit Nos
775-185 (Northeast Fisheries Science Centre) and 605-1904 (Whale Centre
of New England) issued by the United States National Marine Fisheries
Service. We thank Jim Hain and Robert D. Kenney for providing the photos
for the cover of this issue. The manuscript benefitted from the comments
of Phil Clapham, Bruce Alexander Schulte and two anonymous reviewers.
NR 49
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U2 101
PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS
PI LEIDEN
PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS
SN 0005-7959
J9 BEHAVIOUR
JI Behaviour
PY 2011
VL 148
IS 5-6
BP 575
EP 602
DI 10.1163/000579511X570893
PG 28
WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology
SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology
GA 791WH
UT WOS:000292698300002
ER
PT J
AU Manglik, RM
Bergles, AE
Kedzierski, MA
Rudy, TM
AF Manglik, R. M.
Bergles, A. E.
Kedzierski, M. A.
Rudy, T. M.
TI IN MEMORIAM: PROFESSOR RALPH L. WEBB (1934-2011)
SO JOURNAL OF ENHANCED HEAT TRANSFER
LA English
DT Biographical-Item
C1 [Manglik, R. M.] Univ Cincinnati, Thermal Fluids & Thermal Proc Lab, Dept Mech Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA.
[Bergles, A. E.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Engn Aero Engn & Mech, Troy, NY 12180 USA.
[Bergles, A. E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, Clark Sch Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Bergles, A. E.] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Kedzierski, M. A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Rudy, T. M.] Meadow Brook Farm LLC, Essex Consulting Grp, Warrenton, VA 20186 USA.
RP Manglik, RM (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Thermal Fluids & Thermal Proc Lab, Dept Mech Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA.
EM Raj.Manglik@uc.edu
NR 1
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U1 0
U2 0
PU BEGELL HOUSE INC
PI REDDING
PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA
SN 1065-5131
J9 J ENHANC HEAT TRANSF
JI J. Enhanc. Heat Transf.
PY 2011
VL 18
IS 4
PG 2
WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Thermodynamics; Engineering
GA 793AB
UT WOS:000292791400001
ER
PT B
AU Justice, CO
Vermote, E
Privette, J
Sei, A
AF Justice, Christopher O.
Vermote, Eric
Privette, Jeff
Sei, Alain
BE Ramachandran, B
Justice, CO
Abrams, MJ
TI The Evolution of US Moderate Resolution Optical Land Remote Sensing from
AVHRR to VIIRS
SO LAND REMOTE SENSING AND GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE: NASA'S EARTH
OBSERVING SYSTEM AND THE SCIENCE OF ASTER AND MODIS
SE Remote Sensing and Digital Image Processing
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER MODIS; SATELLITE DATA; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION;
RADIOMETER AVHRR; EOS-MODIS; CLASSIFICATION; VALIDATION; ALGORITHM;
PRODUCTS; PROGRAM
AB Moderate resolution satellite data have become an integral part of land remote sensing, which provide observations to support global and climate change research and applications of societal benefit. Starting with the NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), daily data analysis in the time-domain provided important new insights in vegetation studies at the global scale. Combining the temporal characteristics of the AVHRR and extending the spectral characteristics of the Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper, the NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments launched a new era in land remote sensing. The Terra and Aqua MODIS instruments now provide science quality, moderate resolution data with spatial resolutions from 250 m to 1 km. The next generation U.S. moderate resolution sensor, the Visible/Infrared Imager/Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), is scheduled to fly on the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Preparatory Project (NPP), expected to launch in October 2011, and subsequently on successive NPOESS platforms. The VIERS instillment will transition much of the capability of the experimental MODIS instruments into the operational domain, a critical step for the land remote sensing community. This chapter provides the background to the current state of moderate resolution land remote sensing, and a description of the VIIRS instrument and the associated Environmental Data Records for the land surface. The VIIRS sensor and product similarities and differences with MODIS are described. The challenges in meeting the future needs for moderate resolution land remote sensing are discussed.
C1 [Justice, Christopher O.; Vermote, Eric] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Privette, Jeff] NOAA Natl Climat Data Ctr, Remote Sensing & Applicat Div, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
[Sei, Alain] Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Algorithms Models & Simulat Dept, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA.
RP Justice, CO (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM justice@hermes.geog.umd.edu; justice@hermes.geog.umd.edu
NR 63
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U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
BN 978-1-4419-6748-0
J9 REMOTE SENS DIGIT IM
PY 2011
VL 11
BP 781
EP 806
DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-6749-7_34
D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-6749-7
PG 26
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences,
Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology; Remote
Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
GA BSG06
UT WOS:000284351600034
ER
PT S
AU Attota, R
Dixson, RG
Vladar, AE
AF Attota, Ravikiran
Dixson, Ronald G.
Vladar, Andras E.
BE Postek, MT
Newbury, DE
Platek, SF
Joy, DC
Maugel, TK
TI Through-focus Scanning Optical Microscopy
SO SCANNING MICROSCOPIES 2011: ADVANCED MICROSCOPY TECHNOLOGIES FOR
DEFENSE, HOMELAND SECURITY, FORENSIC, LIFE, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND
INDUSTRIAL SCIENCES
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Scanning Microscopies 2011 - Advanced Microscopy
Technologies for Defense, Homeland Security, Forensic, Life,
Environmental, and Industrial Sciences
CY APR 26-28, 2011
CL Orlando, FL
SP SPIE
DE TSOM; through focus; optical microscope; nanometrology; process control;
nanomanufacturing; nanoparticles; overlay metrology; critical dimension;
defect analysis; dimensional analysis; MEMS; NEMS; photonics
ID METROLOGY
AB Through-focus scanning optical microscopy (TSOM) is another 'scanning' based method that provides three-dimensional information (i.e. the size, shape and location) about micro-and nanometer-scale structures. TSOM, based on a conventional optical microscope, achieves this by acquiring and analyzing a set of optical images collected at various focus positions going through focus (from above-focus to under-focus). The measurement sensitivity is comparable to what is possible with typical light scatterometry, SEM and AFM. One of the unique characteristics of the TSOM method is its ability to separate different dimensional differences (i.e. ability to distinguish, for example, linewidth difference from line height difference), and hence is expected to reduce measurement uncertainty. TSOM holds the promise of high-throughput, through comparative measurement applications for wide variety of application areas with potentially significant savings and yield improvements.
C1 [Attota, Ravikiran; Dixson, Ronald G.; Vladar, Andras E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Attota, R (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM ravikiran.attota@nist.gov
NR 19
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 3
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-610-3
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 8036
AR 803610
DI 10.1117/12.884706
PG 9
WC Microscopy; Optics
SC Microscopy; Optics
GA BVS57
UT WOS:000292651000024
ER
PT S
AU Cizmar, P
Vladar, AE
Postek, MT
AF Cizmar, Petr
Vladar, Andras E.
Postek, Michael T.
BE Postek, MT
Newbury, DE
Platek, SF
Joy, DC
Maugel, TK
TI Advanced Image Composition with Intra-Frame Drift Correction
SO SCANNING MICROSCOPIES 2011: ADVANCED MICROSCOPY TECHNOLOGIES FOR
DEFENSE, HOMELAND SECURITY, FORENSIC, LIFE, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND
INDUSTRIAL SCIENCES
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Scanning Microscopies 2011 - Advanced Microscopy
Technologies for Defense, Homeland Security, Forensic, Life,
Environmental, and Industrial Sciences
CY APR 26-28, 2011
CL Orlando, FL
SP SPIE
AB Drift Corrected Image Composition (DCIC) is a real-time technique that allows for acquiring more accurate images applicable in nanometer-scale imaging and metrology. This technique may be improved by adding intra-frame drift correction as a further step in image-frame processing before the final composition. This new technique allows for further correction of the drift-related distortions in the individual frames. This is important especially for the metrological applications in nano-scale. This intra-frame drift correction requires knowledge of all dead times. This work proposes two possible approaches, how these values may be found.
C1 [Cizmar, Petr; Vladar, Andras E.; Postek, Michael T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20874 USA.
RP Cizmar, P (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20874 USA.
EM pcizmar@nist.gov
NR 3
TC 2
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U1 0
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-610-3
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 8036
AR 80360D
DI 10.1117/12.887183
PG 5
WC Microscopy; Optics
SC Microscopy; Optics
GA BVS57
UT WOS:000292651000008
ER
PT S
AU Dixson, R
Orji, NG
McGray, CD
Geist, J
AF Dixson, Ronald
Orji, Ndubuisi G.
McGray, Craig D.
Geist, Jon
BE Postek, MT
Newbury, DE
Platek, SF
Joy, DC
Maugel, TK
TI Traceable Calibration of a Critical Dimension Atomic Force Microscope
SO SCANNING MICROSCOPIES 2011: ADVANCED MICROSCOPY TECHNOLOGIES FOR
DEFENSE, HOMELAND SECURITY, FORENSIC, LIFE, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND
INDUSTRIAL SCIENCES
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Scanning Microscopies 2011 - Advanced Microscopy
Technologies for Defense, Homeland Security, Forensic, Life,
Environmental, and Industrial Sciences
CY APR 26-28, 2011
CL Orlando, FL
SP SPIE
DE CD-AFM; metrology; CD; linewidth; reference measurement system;
standards; calibration; traceability
ID CD-AFM; REFERENCE METROLOGY; LINEWIDTH STANDARD; NIST
AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has a multifaceted program in atomic force microscope (AFM) dimensional metrology. One component of this effort is a custom in-house metrology AFM, called the calibrated AFM (C-AFM). The NIST C-AFM has displacement metrology for all three axes traceable to the 633 nm wavelength of the iodine-stabilized He-Ne laser.
A second major component of this program, and the focus of this paper, is the use of critical dimension atomic force microscopy (CD-AFM). CD-AFM is a commercially available AFM technology that uses flared tips and two-dimensional surface sensing to scan the sidewalls of near-vertical or even reentrant features. Features of this sort are commonly encountered in semiconductor manufacturing and other nanotechnology industries.
NIST has experience in the calibration and characterization of CD-AFM instruments and in the development of uncertainty budgets for typical measurands in semiconductor manufacturing metrology. A third generation CD-AFM was recently installed at NIST. The current performance of this instrument for pitch and height measurements appears to support our relative expanded uncertainty (k = 2) goals in the range of 1.0 x 10(-3) down to 1.0 x 10(-4).
C1 [Dixson, Ronald; Orji, Ndubuisi G.; McGray, Craig D.; Geist, Jon] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Dixson, R (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 25
TC 1
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U1 1
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-610-3
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 8036
AR 80360S
DI 10.1117/12.887290
PG 10
WC Microscopy; Optics
SC Microscopy; Optics
GA BVS57
UT WOS:000292651000020
ER
PT S
AU Newbury, DE
Ritchie, NWM
AF Newbury, Dale E.
Ritchie, Nicholas W. M.
BE Postek, MT
Newbury, DE
Platek, SF
Joy, DC
Maugel, TK
TI Is Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry
(SEM/EDS) Quantitative? Effects of Specimen Shape
SO SCANNING MICROSCOPIES 2011: ADVANCED MICROSCOPY TECHNOLOGIES FOR
DEFENSE, HOMELAND SECURITY, FORENSIC, LIFE, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND
INDUSTRIAL SCIENCES
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Scanning Microscopies 2011 - Advanced Microscopy
Technologies for Defense, Homeland Security, Forensic, Life,
Environmental, and Industrial Sciences
CY APR 26-28, 2011
CL Orlando, FL
SP SPIE
DE Elemental analysis; energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS); scanning
electron microscopy (SEM); silicon drift detector energy dispersive
x-ray spectrometer (SDD-EDS); quantitative analysis; x-ray microanalysis
ID MICROANALYSIS
AB The extraordinary throughput of the silicon drift detector energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer (SDD-EDS) enables collection of EDS spectra with much higher integrated counts within practical time periods, e. g., 100 s or less, compared to past experience with the Si(Li)-EDS. Such high count SDD spectra, containing one million to ten million counts, yield characteristic peak intensities with relative standard deviation below 0.25%, a precision similar to that achieved with wavelength dispersive spectrometry (WDS), the "gold standard" of microprobe analysis, but at lower dose because of the greater solid angle of the SDD-EDS. Such high count SDD-EDS spectra also enable more accurate quantification, nearly indistinguishable from WDS for major and minor constituents when the WDS unknown-to-standard intensity ratio ("k-value") protocol is followed. A critical requirement to satisfy this measurement protocol is that the specimen must be a highly polished bulk target. The geometric character of specimens examined in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) often deviates greatly from the ideal flat bulk target but EDS spectra can still be readily obtained and analyzed. The influence of geometric factors such as local inclination and surface topography on the accuracy of quantitative EDS analysis is examined. Normalized concentration values are subject to very large errors, as high as a factor of 10, as a result of deviation of the specimen geometry from the ideal flat bulk target.
C1 [Newbury, Dale E.; Ritchie, Nicholas W. M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Newbury, DE (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 9
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 10
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-610-3
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 8036
AR 803602
DI 10.1117/12.881040
PG 16
WC Microscopy; Optics
SC Microscopy; Optics
GA BVS57
UT WOS:000292651000002
ER
PT B
AU Haszpra, L
Barcza, Z
Szilagyi, I
Dlugokencky, E
Tans, P
AF Haszpra, Laszlo
Barcza, Zoltan
Szilagyi, Istvan
Dlugokencky, Ed
Tans, Pieter
BE Haszpra, L
TI Trends and Temporal Variations of Major Greenhouse Gases at a Rural Site
in Central Europe
SO ATMOSPHERIC GREENHOUSE GASES: THE HUNGARIAN PERSPECTIVE
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
DE Carbon dioxide; Methane; Nitrous oxide; Sulfur hexafluoride; Trend;
Temporal variation
ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; PART 1; CO2; METHANE; SIGNALS; SF6
AB In this chapter, the trends and temporal variations of four major greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)) measured at Hegyhatsal, Hungary, are analyzed on the basis of in situ and flask measurements. The long-term trends observed closely follow the global tendencies. The relatively small positive offset can be attributed to the European anthropogenic sources. The seasonal cycles are basically governed by that in the atmospheric mixing; however, in the case of CO2 and N2O, it is also modulated by the temporal variation in the biological activity. A secondary maximum in SF6 mixing ratio in summer may indicate the additional contribution of the seasonally changing circulation pattern. The daily cycles are dominated by the diurnal variation in the vertical mixing of the atmosphere. However, in the case of CO2, the diurnal cycle in the biospheric uptake/release is the governing process, especially in the growing season. The lack of a diurnal cycle in the mixing ratio of the exclusively anthropogenic SF6 indicates that there is no notable anthropogenic activity in the influence area of the station, which supports that Hegyhatsal tall tower can be considered to be a rural monitoring site as free from direct anthropogenic pollution as it is possible in Central Europe.
C1 [Haszpra, Laszlo] Hungarian Meteorol Serv, H-1675 Budapest, Hungary.
[Barcza, Zoltan] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Meteorol, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
[Szilagyi, Istvan] Hungarian Acad Sci, Chem Res Ctr, H-1025 Budapest, Hungary.
[Dlugokencky, Ed; Tans, Pieter] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Haszpra, L (reprint author), Hungarian Meteorol Serv, POB 39, H-1675 Budapest, Hungary.
EM haszpra.1@met.hu; haszpra.1@met.hu
OI Barcza, Zoltan/0000-0002-1278-0636
NR 32
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 3
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES
BN 978-90-481-9949-5
PY 2011
BP 29
EP 47
DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9950-1_3
D2 10.1007/978-90-481-9950-1
PG 19
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA BSE79
UT WOS:000284291300003
ER
PT B
AU Groisman, P
Gutman, G
Reissell, A
AF Groisman, Pavel
Gutman, Garik
Reissell, Anni
BE Gutman, G
Reissel, A
TI Introduction: Climate and Land-Cover Changes in the Arctic
SO EURASIAN ARCTIC LAND COVER AND LAND USE IN A CHANGING CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID SNOW COVER; NORTHERN EURASIA; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY
AB The last 10 years have been the warmest in the Arctic during the 120-year period of instrumental observations. The global mean surface temperature during that period has increased by about 0.8 degrees C, with stronger changes in the Arctic. Retreat of the Arctic sea ice during the past decades open an additional source of heat and water vapor in the autumn and early winter seasons. If these warming trends continue, they will significantly affect the Arctic land cover and land use, also causing impacts on the global scale. The changes will occur in the natural land cover, with perhaps the greatest effects in that part of the Arctic where the land cover has already been modified by human activities. In many Arctic areas there has been a clear shift from the land use practiced by indigenous peoples to intensive exploitation of the land for commercial and industrial uses. New navigation routes across the Arctic Ocean shelf seas are broadly discussed. If and when implemented, these routes will change the Arctic land use and the life style of the population. The International Polar Year (IPY) program involving over 200 projects with thousands of scientists from over 60 nations is coming to its final stage. This book is a compilation of the studies which have been conducted in the framework of the NASA Land-Cover/Land-Use Change Program and which have been focused on the Arctic region of Northern Eurasia, although some comparisons are made with the results in North America. The region of interest in the current book is north of 60 degrees latitude, specifically transitional forest-tundra and tundra zones.
C1 [Groisman, Pavel] Natl Climate Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
[Gutman, Garik] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546 USA.
[Reissell, Anni] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
RP Groisman, P (reprint author), Natl Climate Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
EM pasha.groisman@noaa.gov; ggutman@nasa.gov; anni.reissell@helsinki.fi
NR 22
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES
BN 978-90-481-9117-8
PY 2011
BP 1
EP 8
DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9118-5_1
D2 10.1007/978-90-481-9118-5
PG 8
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BSD75
UT WOS:000284236100001
ER
PT B
AU Shiklomanov, AI
Bohn, TJ
Lettenmaier, DP
Lammers, RB
Romanov, P
Rawlins, MA
Adam, JC
AF Shiklomanov, Alexander I.
Bohn, Theodore J.
Lettenmaier, Dennis P.
Lammers, Richard B.
Romanov, Peter
Rawlins, Michael A.
Adam, Jennifer C.
BE Gutman, G
Reissel, A
TI Interactions Between Land Cover/Use Change and Hydrology
SO EURASIAN ARCTIC LAND COVER AND LAND USE IN A CHANGING CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID SNOW WATER EQUIVALENT; METHANE EMISSIONS; ARCTIC-OCEAN; OBSERVATIONAL
EVIDENCE; NORTHERN EURASIA; ALASKA GLACIERS; RIVER DISCHARGE;
CARBON-DIOXIDE; SATELLITE DATA; CLIMATE-CHANGE
AB The water cycle is a vital component of the North Eurasian environment and plays a central role in the region's climate, biology, biogeochemistry and in human interactions with the natural environment. The Northern Eurasian arctic drainage covers more than 2/3 of the pan-arctic land mass. Substantial changes in land cover and land use have occurred over the region in recent decades, as a result of changes in climate, permafrost, and water management, among other factors. These changes are likely to affect large-scale linkages between the regional and global climate system, but the nature of these interactions is not well understood. In this chapter, we analyze changes in the dominant hydrological components and explore the interaction of the terrestrial and atmospheric water cycles, with particular attention to key regional cryospheric processes and linkages between the water and carbon cycles. The monitoring of the water cycle from observational networks and remote sensing along with strategies for improving hydrological change detection are discussed in the context of changes in land cover and land use.
C1 [Shiklomanov, Alexander I.; Lammers, Richard B.] Univ New Hampshire, Water Syst Anal Grp, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
[Bohn, Theodore J.; Lettenmaier, Dennis P.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Romanov, Peter] NOAA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Rawlins, Michael A.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Geosci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
[Adam, Jennifer C.] Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
RP Shiklomanov, AI (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Water Syst Anal Grp, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
EM alex.shiklomanov@unh.edu; tbohn@hydro.washington.edu;
dennisl@u.washington.edu; richard.lammers@unh.edu;
peter.romanov@noaa.gov; rawlins@geo.umass.edu; jcadam@wsu.edu
RI Bohn, Theodore/K-4494-2012; lettenmaier, dennis/F-8780-2011
OI Bohn, Theodore/0000-0002-1880-9129; lettenmaier,
dennis/0000-0003-3317-1327
NR 140
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 4
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES
BN 978-90-481-9117-8
PY 2011
BP 137
EP 175
DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9118-5_7
D2 10.1007/978-90-481-9118-5
PG 39
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BSD75
UT WOS:000284236100007
ER
PT J
AU Snover, ML
Hohn, AA
Goshe, LR
Balazs, GH
AF Snover, Melissa L.
Hohn, Aleta A.
Goshe, Lisa R.
Balazs, George H.
TI Validation of annual skeletal marks in green sea turtles Chelonia mydas
using tetracycline labeling
SO AQUATIC BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Fluorescent marks; Skeletochronology; Age; Growth marks
ID LOGGERHEAD CARETTA-CARETTA; SKELETOCHRONOLOGICAL ANALYSIS; HAWAIIAN
ARCHIPELAGO; AGE ESTIMATION; GROWTH; LIZARD; BONE
AB The technique of skeletochronology has been widely applied to age and growth studies of most species of sea turtles, although direct validation of annual growth marks has only been demonstrated for loggerheads Caretta caretta and Kemp's ridleys Lepidochelys kempii. In this study we present validation of annual growth mark deposition in green sea turtles Chelonia mydas. Fourteen green sea turtles, previously captured in nearshore waters in the main Hawaiian Islands and injected with oxytetracycline (OTC), were recovered stranded, and the humeri were prepared for skeletochronological analysis. Each sea turtle had received a single dose of 25 mg kg(-1) OTC, with half injected into each pectoral muscle. Seven of these sea turtles either were not at large long enough or did not grow enough for either the OTC mark to be discernable in bone cross-sections or for a growth mark to have been deposited after the OTC mark. Based on the hypothesis of one mark per year, the expected number of growth marks was visible exterior to the OTC mark in the humeri of the 7 remaining sea turtles, providing strong validation that growth marks are annual. These results support the use of skeletochronology for age and growth rate estimates in green sea turtles and the need for validation to ensure accurate interpretation of growth marks.
C1 [Snover, Melissa L.; Balazs, George H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Hohn, Aleta A.; Goshe, Lisa R.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
RP Snover, ML (reprint author), Denali Natl Pk & Preserve, POB 9, Denali Natl Pk, AK 99755 USA.
EM melissa_snover@nps.gov
RI Hohn, Aleta/G-2888-2011
OI Hohn, Aleta/0000-0002-9992-7062
NR 24
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 9
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 1864-7790
EI 1864-7782
J9 AQUAT BIOL
JI Aquat. Biol.
PY 2011
VL 12
IS 3
BP 197
EP 204
DI 10.3354/ab00337
PG 8
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 778IA
UT WOS:000291696100001
ER
PT S
AU Lee, JY
Lesoine, JF
Krogmeier, JR
Kang, H
Clarke, M
Chang, R
Sackett, DL
Nossal, R
Hwang, J
AF Lee, Ji Youn
Lesoine, John F.
Krogmeier, Jeffrey R.
Kang, Hyeonggon
Clarke, Matthew
Chang, Robert
Sackett, Dan L.
Nossal, Ralph
Hwang, Jeeseong
BE Raghavachari, R
Liang, R
TI Real-time fluorescence polarization microscopy for probing local
distributions of biomolecules
SO DESIGN AND QUALITY FOR BIOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES IV
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Design and Quality for Biomedical Technologies IV
CY JAN 23-25, 2011
CL San Francisco, CA
SP SPIE
DE polarization microscopy; fluorescence imaging; liquid crystal variable
retarder; fluorescent analog; DiI; BODIPY; absorption dipole; lipid
domain; membrane dynamics; cellular process
ID SINGLE MOLECULES; MEMBRANE; SPECTROSCOPY; ORIENTATIONS; MICRODOMAINS
AB We present real-time, full-field, fluorescence polarization microscopy and its calibration and validation methods to monitor the absorption dipole orientation of fluorescent molecules. A quarter-wave plate, in combination with a liquid crystal variable retarder (LCVR), provides a tunable method to rotate a linear polarized light prior to being coupled into a fluorescence microscope. A series of full-field fluorescence polarization images are obtained of fluorescent molecules interleaved into the lipid bilyaer of liposomes. With this system, the dynamic dipole orientation of the fluorescent lipid analog tetramethylindocarbocyanine (DiI)-labeled lipids inserted in liposomes are probed and found to be aligned with the liposome in a tangential manner. The dipole orientation of 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a, 4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY)-labeled lipids are expected to be aligned perpendicularly in the liposome membrane. Spectral separation of fluorescent lipid analogs into separate images provide an internal control and the ability to quantitatively correlate the membrane structure and fluctuations, within an optical section, in real-time. Application of this technique to the identification of characteristic features of cellular processes such as adhesion, endocytosis, and apoptosis are being investigated.
C1 [Lee, Ji Youn; Krogmeier, Jeffrey R.; Kang, Hyeonggon; Clarke, Matthew; Chang, Robert; Hwang, Jeeseong] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Lee, JY (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jeeseong.hwang@nist.gov
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 5
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-428-4
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 7891
AR 78910Z
DI 10.1117/12.875612
PG 6
WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Optics
SC Biophysics; Engineering; Optics
GA BVL26
UT WOS:000291793300020
ER
PT S
AU Godil, A
Wagan, AI
AF Godil, Afzal
Wagan, Asim Imdad
BE Beraldin, JA
Cheok, GS
McCarthy, MB
NeuschaeferRube, U
Baskurt, AM
McDowall, IE
Dolinsky, M
TI Salient Local 3D Features for 3D Shape Retrieval
SO THREE-DIMENSIONAL IMAGING, INTERACTION, AND MEASUREMENT
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on the Three-Dimensional Imaging, Interaction, and
Measurement
CY JAN 24-27, 2011
CL San Francisco, CA
SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol (IS&T), SPIE
DE 3D model retrieval; voxel grid; non-rigid 3D Model retrieval; bag of
words approach; Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT)
ID MODELS
AB In this paper we describe a new formulation for the 3D salient local features based on the voxel grid inspired by the Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT). We use it to identify the salient keypoints (invariant points) on a 3D voxelized model and calculate invariant 3D local feature descriptors at these keypoints. We then use the bag of words approach on the 3D local features to represent the 3D models for shape retrieval. The advantages of the method are that it can be applied to rigid as well as to articulated and deformable 3D models. Finally, this approach is applied for 3D Shape Retrieval on the McGill articulated shape benchmark and then the retrieval results are presented and compared to other methods.
C1 [Godil, Afzal] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Godil, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Wagan, Asim Imdad/A-8794-2014
OI Wagan, Asim Imdad/0000-0001-9765-5385
NR 23
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-401-7
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 7864
AR 78640S
DI 10.1117/12.872984
PG 8
WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
GA BVK31
UT WOS:000291691300027
ER
PT J
AU Gorshkov, K
Ostrovsky, LA
Soustova, I
AF Gorshkov, K.
Ostrovsky, L. A.
Soustova, I.
TI Dynamics of Strongly Nonlinear Kinks and Solitons in a Two-Layer Fluid
SO STUDIES IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS
LA English
DT Article
ID INTERNAL SOLITARY WAVES; OCEAN
AB Perturbation theory is developed for interaction of strongly nonlinear solitary waves close to the limiting, tabletop solitons (Pi-solitons). The method is based on representing each soliton as a compound of two kinks so that the interaction of N solitons is treated as the interaction of 2N kinks. As an example the Miyata-Choi-Camassa equations for a two-layer fluid is considered. Equations for kink coordinates are obtained and analyzed. Some nontrivial features of two-soliton interaction characteristic of the strongly nonlinear case are established.
C1 [Ostrovsky, L. A.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
Russian Acad Sci, Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia.
RP Ostrovsky, LA (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, R PSD99,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM lev.a.ostrovsky@noaa.gov
OI Ostrovsky, Lev/0000-0003-2233-1305
NR 19
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0022-2526
J9 STUD APPL MATH
JI Stud. Appl. Math.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 126
IS 1
BP 49
EP 73
DI 10.1111/j.1467-9590.2010.00497.x
PG 25
WC Mathematics, Applied
SC Mathematics
GA 703IM
UT WOS:000285971600003
ER
PT J
AU Davis, ME
Burkholder, JB
AF Davis, M. E.
Burkholder, J. B.
TI Rate coefficients for the gas-phase reaction of OH with
(Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, 1-penten-3-ol, (E)-2-penten-1-ol, and (E)-2-hexen-1-ol
between 243 and 404 K
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; UNSATURATED ALCOHOLS; RATE CONSTANTS;
RADICAL REACTION; LEAF-ALCOHOL; EMISSIONS; PRODUCTS; KINETICS; NO3; O-3
AB Rate coefficients, k, for the gas-phase reaction of the OH radical with (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol ((Z)-CH(3)CH(2)CH =CHCH(2)CH(2)OH) (k(1)), 1-penten-3-ol (CH(3)CH(2)CH(OH)CH = CH(2))) (k(2)), (E)-2-penten-1-ol ((E)-CH(3)CH(2)CH = CHCH(2)OH) (k(3)), and (E)-2-hexen-1-ol ((E)-CH(3)CH(2)CH(2)CH = CHCH(2)OH) (k4), unsaturated alcohols that are emitted into the atmosphere following vegetation wounding, are reported. Rate coefficients were measured under pseudo-first-order conditions in OH over the temperature range 243-404 K at pressures between 20 and 100 Torr (He) using pulsed laser photolysis (PLP) to produce OH radicals and laser induced fluorescence (LIF) to monitor the OH temporal profile. The obtained rate coefficients were independent of pressure with negative temperature dependences that are well described by the Arrhenius expressions
k(1) (T) = (1.3+/-0.1) x 10(-11) exp[(580+/-10)/T];
k(1)(297K) = (1.06+/-0.12) x 10(-10)
k(2)(T) = (6.8+/-0.7) x 10(-1)2exp[(690+/-20)/T];
k(2)(297K) = (7.12+/-0.73) x 10(-11)
k(3)(T) = (6.8+/-0.8) x 10(-12)exp[(680+/-20)/T];
k(3)(297 K) = (6.76+/-0.70) x 10(-11)
k(4)(T) = (5.4+/-0.6) x 10(-12)exp[(690+/-20)/T];
k(4)(297 K) = (6.15+/-0.75) x 10(-11)
(in units of cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1)). The quoted uncertainties are at the 2 sigma (95% confidence) level and include estimated systematic errors. The rate coefficients obtained in this study are compared with literature values where possible.
C1 [Davis, M. E.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Davis, M. E.; Burkholder, J. B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Davis, ME (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48825 USA.
EM james.b.burkholder@noaa.gov
RI Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
FU NOAA
FX This work was supported in part by NOAA's Air Quality and Health of the
Atmosphere Programs.
NR 30
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 10
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 7
BP 3347
EP 3358
DI 10.5194/acp-11-3347-2011
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 750LN
UT WOS:000289548200021
ER
PT S
AU Crout, RL
AF Crout, Richard L.
BE Hou, WW
Arnone, R
TI Measurements in Support of the Deepwater Horizon (MC-252) Oil Spill
Response
SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING III
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on the Ocean Sensing and Monitoring III
CY APR 26-27, 2011
CL Orlando, FL
SP SPIE
DE Deepwater Horizon; Subsurface Monitoring Unit; response; oil spill; deep
water oil; oil plume; satellites; in-situ data
AB The explosion of the Deepwater Horizon (MC-252) drilling platform on 20 April 2010 began a long response by the United Area Command. Previous responses to oil spills were limited in time due to the amount of oil spilled and were generally confined to the surface. Some of the oil from the Deepwater Horizon wellhead in 1500 meters of water broke into smaller droplets, whose density caused much of the oil to stay within a zone from 1000 to 1300 meters depth. The remainder of the oil rose to the surface. The two primary locations of oil required a broad collection of remote sensing techniques to locate and monitor the oil spill.
Surface oil was monitored primarily from the air using aircraft and satellite assets. Satellite visible, infra-red, and radar satellite imagery helped to locate oil in the northern Gulf of Mexico and help predict its movement away from the spill site. Daily over-flights by aircraft provided higher spatial and temporal resolution data that were assimilated into daily products. These remote sensing assets were able to track the surface oil, but the subsurface oil required different techniques. In addition to salinity and temperature profiles to determine the subsurface structure, fluorometry and dissolved oxygen measurements provided information related to oil and its consumption by microorganisms. Water samples collected from CTD casts were analyzed on-board and returned to on-shore laboratories.
C1 NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA.
RP Crout, RL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, 1007 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA.
EM Richard.crout@noaa.gov
NR 10
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 3
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-604-2
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 8030
AR 80300J
DI 10.1117/12.888006
PG 12
WC Engineering, Ocean; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing;
Optics
SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing; Optics
GA BVG11
UT WOS:000291442200018
ER
PT S
AU Podobedov, VB
Nadal, ME
Miller, CC
AF Podobedov, V. B.
Nadal, M. E.
Miller, C. C.
BE Ambs, P
Curticapean, C
Emmelmann, C
Knapp, W
Kuznicki, ZT
Meyrueis, PP
TI Improving the performance of the NIST five axis goniospectrometer for
measurements of bidirectional reflectance distribution function
SO SPIE ECO-PHOTONICS 2011: SUSTAINABLE DESIGN, MANUFACTURING, AND
ENGINEERING WORKFORCE EDUCATION FOR A GREEN FUTURE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on the Sustainable Design, Manufacturing, and Engineering
Workforce Education for a Green Future
CY MAR 28-30, 2011
CL Strasbourg, FRANCE
SP SPIE, Horiba Sci, Strasbourg eu, Region Alsace
DE BRDF; gonioapparent materials; goniometer; multichannel spectrometer;
white source
AB The five axis goniospectrometer at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) measures the spectral reflectance of colored samples over a wide range of illumination and viewing angles. This capability is important for the colorimetric characterization of complex materials, such as gonioapparent coatings or retroreflective surfaces. To improve the efficiency of the goniometer, a broad-band source with a matrix-based stray-light corrected CCD based spectrometer was implemented. This new configuration offers a significant reduction in the measurement time allowing for the complete characterization of the goniodistribution of complex materials. Shorter measurement time reduces the load on the precise mechanical assembly, to ensure high angular accuracy over time. Special care was taken to extend the effective dynamic range of measured intensities in the multichannel detection mode to the values of 10(6) - 10(7) needed for the characterization of colored samples. The expanded uncertainty of the measured Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) for this new setup is about 0.5 % (k = 2) which is comparable to the uncertainty levels of the instrument operating with monochromatic illumination and a silicon photodiode. To validate the new system configuration, the measured BRDF or spectral reflectance factors (R) of test samples were compared with different instruments and we found an agreement of about 0.5 %.
C1 [Podobedov, V. B.; Nadal, M. E.; Miller, C. C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Podobedov, VB (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 12
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-651-6
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 8065
AR 80651I
DI 10.1117/12.882865
PG 8
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics
SC Engineering; Optics
GA BVE54
UT WOS:000291306700045
ER
PT S
AU Whitenton, EP
AF Whitenton, Eric P.
BE Safai, M
Brown, JR
TI Preliminary Investigation of Polarization Effects During Metal Cutting
SO THERMOSENSE: THERMAL INFRARED APPLICATIONS XXXIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on the Thermosense - Thermal Infrared Applications XXXIII
CY APR 26-28, 2011
CL Orlando, FL
SP SPIE
DE metal cutting; polarization; strain; high-speed imaging; infrared
thermography
ID LIGHT; EMISSION
AB Under certain conditions, the polarization state of infrared light emitted by metal changes when the metal is strained. During cutting, metal is severely strained. Assessing both strain and strain rate is of interest to the metal cutting research community. Over large areas, Digital Image Correlation (DIC) performed on high-speed video can provide approximate values for the average strain and strain rate. However, small areas such as the shear zone are difficult to image with enough resolution to perform DIC. If the thermal radiation emitted by these small areas is polarized, there is the potential to provide valuable information to the metal cutting community. This paper is an initial investigation into that possibility, as well as the use of the polarization information for uncertainty analysis, reflection detection, and region of interest classification. A rotating polarizer is used that triggers a thermal spectrum camera to acquire images at specific polarization angles. When cutting, the metal is constantly moving and the material imaged is different from one moment to the next. At each angle of the polarizer, a sufficiently long integration time is used so the material is severely motion blurred, resulting in an image which estimates the typical intensity for that angle. By comparing the typical intensities, and assuming the light is linearly polarized, the polarization state may be estimated.
C1 [Whitenton, Eric P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Whitenton, EP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011
NR 22
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-587-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 8013
AR UNSP 801316
DI 10.1117/12.883453
PG 13
WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
GA BVH40
UT WOS:000291560900031
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, S
Xue, H
Feingold, G
AF Zhang, S.
Xue, H.
Feingold, G.
TI Vertical profiles of droplet effective radius in shallow convective
clouds
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID PRECIPITATION FORMATION PROCESSES; SATELLITE-BASED INSIGHTS;
BOUNDARY-LAYER CLOUDS; CUMULUS CLOUDS; NUMBER CONCENTRATION; RADIATIVE
PROPERTIES; PART I; AEROSOL; EVOLUTION; ALBEDO
AB Conventional satellite retrievals can only provide information on cloud-top droplet effective radius (r(e)). Given the fact that cloud ensembles in a satellite snapshot have different cloud-top heights, Rosenfeld and Lensky (1998) used the cloud-top height and the corresponding cloud-top r(e) from the cloud ensembles in the snapshot to construct a profile of r(e) representative of that in the individual clouds. This study investigates the robustness of this approach in shallow convective clouds based on results from large-eddy simulations (LES) for clean (aerosol mixing ratio N-a = 25 mg(-1)), intermediate (N-a = 100 mg(-1)), and polluted (N-a = 2000 mg(-1)) conditions. The cloud-top height and the cloud-top r(e) from the modeled cloud ensembles are used to form a constructed r(e) profile, which is then compared to the in-cloud r(e) profiles. For the polluted and intermediate cases where precipitation is negligible, the constructed r(e) profiles represent the in-cloud r(e) profiles fairly well with a low bias (about 10 %). The method used in Rosenfeld and Lensky (1998) is therefore validated for nonprecipitating shallow cumulus clouds. For the clean, drizzling case, the in-cloud r(e) can be very large and highly variable, and quantitative profiling based on cloudtop r(e) is less useful. The differences in r(e) profiles between clean and polluted conditions derived in this manner are however, distinct. This study also investigates the subadiabatic characteristics of the simulated cumulus clouds to reveal the effect of mixing on r(e) and its evolution. Results indicate that as polluted and moderately polluted clouds develop into their decaying stage, the subadiabatic fraction fad becomes smaller, representing a higher degree of mixing, and r(e) becomes smaller (similar to 10 %) and more variable. However, for the clean case, smaller fad corresponds to larger r(e) (and larger r(e) variability), reflecting the additional influence of droplet collision-coalescence and sedimentation on r(e). Finally, profiles of the vertically inhomogeneous clouds as simulated by the LES and those of the vertically homogeneous clouds are used as input to a radiative transfer model to study the effect of cloud vertical inhomogeneity on shortwave radiative forcing. For clouds that have the same liquid water path, r(e) of a vertically homogeneous cloud must be about 76-90% of the cloud-top r(e) of the vertically inhomogeneous cloud in order for the two clouds to have the same shortwave radiative forcing.
C1 [Zhang, S.; Xue, H.] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
[Feingold, G.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Xue, H (reprint author), Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
EM hxue@pku.edu.cn
RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
FU Chinese NSF [40675004]; NOAA
FX This study was supported by Chinese NSF grant 40675004. GF acknowledges
support from NOAA's Climate Goal Program.
NR 46
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 12
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 10
BP 4633
EP 4644
DI 10.5194/acp-11-4633-2011
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 770NU
UT WOS:000291094500002
ER
PT J
AU Hooghiemstra, PB
Krol, MC
Meirink, JF
Bergamaschi, P
van der Werf, GR
Novelli, PC
Aben, I
Rockmann, T
AF Hooghiemstra, P. B.
Krol, M. C.
Meirink, J. F.
Bergamaschi, P.
van der Werf, G. R.
Novelli, P. C.
Aben, I.
Rockmann, T.
TI Optimizing global CO emission estimates using a four-dimensional
variational data assimilation system and surface network observations
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CARBON-MONOXIDE; TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; FIRE EMISSIONS; MODEL TM5;
INVERSION; MOPITT; ADJOINT; FOREST; ASIA; ALGORITHM
AB We apply a four-dimensional variational (4D-VAR) data assimilation system to optimize carbon monoxide (CO) emissions for 2003 and 2004 and to reduce the uncertainty of emission estimates from individual sources using the chemistry transport model TM5. The system is designed to assimilate large (satellite) datasets, but in the current study only a limited amount of surface network observations from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Earth System Research Laboratory (NOAA/ESRL) Global Monitoring Division (GMD) is used to test the 4D-VAR system. By design, the system is capable to adjust the emissions in such a way that the posterior simulation reproduces background CO mixing ratios and large-scale pollution events at background stations. Uncertainty reduction up to 60% in yearly emissions is observed over well-constrained regions and the inferred emissions compare well with recent studies for 2004. However, with the limited amount of data from the surface network, the system becomes data sparse resulting in a large solution space. Sensitivity studies have shown that model uncertainties (e. g., vertical distribution of biomass burning emissions and the OH field) and the prior inventories used, influence the inferred emission estimates. Also, since the observations only constrain total CO emissions, the 4D-VAR system has difficulties in separating anthropogenic and biogenic sources in particular. The inferred emissions are validated with NOAA aircraft data over North America and the agreement is significantly improved from the prior to posterior simulation. Validation with the Measurements Of Pollution In The Troposphere (MOPITT) instrument version 4 (V4) shows a slight improved agreement over the well-constrained Northern Hemisphere and in the tropics (except for the African continent). However, the model simulation with posterior emissions underestimates MOPITT CO total columns on the remote Southern Hemisphere (SH) by about 10 %. This is caused by a reduction in SH CO sources mainly due to surface stations on the high southern latitudes.
C1 [Hooghiemstra, P. B.; Krol, M. C.; Rockmann, T.] Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
[Hooghiemstra, P. B.; Krol, M. C.; Aben, I.] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands.
[Krol, M. C.] Wageningen Univ, Wageningen, Netherlands.
[Meirink, J. F.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands.
[Bergamaschi, P.] Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Ispra, Italy.
[van der Werf, G. R.; Aben, I.] Free Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
[Novelli, P. C.] NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RP Hooghiemstra, PB (reprint author), Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
EM p.b.hooghiemstra@uu.nl
RI Krol, Maarten/E-3414-2013; Rockmann, Thomas/F-4479-2015; van der Werf,
Guido/M-8260-2016
OI Rockmann, Thomas/0000-0002-6688-8968; van der Werf,
Guido/0000-0001-9042-8630
FU Dutch User Support Programme [GO-AO/05]
FX This research was supported by the Dutch User Support Programme
2006-2010 under project GO-AO/05. We also thank the MOPITT team for the
MOPITT data. The Dutch National Computer Facility (NCF) is acknowledged
for computer resources.
NR 59
TC 26
Z9 27
U1 1
U2 15
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 10
BP 4705
EP 4723
DI 10.5194/acp-11-4705-2011
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 770NU
UT WOS:000291094500009
ER
PT J
AU Brown, DP
AF Brown, David P.
TI Winter Circulation Anomalies in the Western United States Associated
with Antecedent and Decadal ENSO Variability
SO EARTH INTERACTIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE ENSO; PDO; Western United States
ID COLORADO RIVER-BASIN; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; EL-NINO; PRECIPITATION;
OSCILLATION; INDEXES; USA; TELECONNECTIONS; MODULATION; FORESTS
AB Previous research has shown that the impacts of ENSO variability on the winter climate of the western United States vary on decadal time scales. In this study, the relationship between fall season ENSO conditions and winter circulation anomalies over the western United States is shown to vary with phasing of the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO). During the PDO cold phase of 1948-76, the majority of fall season El Nino events did not precede winter troughing anomalies over the southwestern states that are typically associated with above-normal winter precipitation in this region. In contrast, during the PDO warm phase of 1977-98, fall season El Nino conditions did precede southwestern winter troughing anomalies in all but one instance. Fall season La Nina conditions during both the cold and warm phases of the PDO reliably preceded winter season high pressure ridging centered off the Pacific coast. These results highlight uncertainty on decadal time scales surrounding the use of fall ENSO conditions, particularly El Nino events, as a seasonal climate forecast tool.
C1 NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Ft Worth, TX 76102 USA.
RP Brown, DP (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 819 Taylor St,Room 10A05C, Ft Worth, TX 76102 USA.
EM david.p.brown@noaa.gov
NR 27
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1087-3562
J9 EARTH INTERACT
JI Earth Interact.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 15
AR 3
DI 10.1175/2010EI334.1
PG 12
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 771GP
UT WOS:000291145500001
ER
PT J
AU Milly, PCD
Dunne, KA
AF Milly, P. C. D.
Dunne, Krista A.
TI On the Hydrologic Adjustment of Climate-Model Projections: The Potential
Pitfall of Potential Evapotranspiration
SO EARTH INTERACTIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE Hydrologic model; Climate change; Potential evapotranspiration
ID DATASET
AB Hydrologic models often are applied to adjust projections of hydroclimatic change that come from climate models. Such adjustment includes climate-bias correction, spatial refinement ("downscaling"), and consideration of the roles of hydrologic processes that were neglected in the climate model. Described herein is a quantitative analysis of the effects of hydrologic adjustment on the projections of runoff change associated with projected twenty-first-century climate change. In a case study including three climate models and 10 river basins in the contiguous United States, the authors find that relative (i.e., fractional or percentage) runoff change computed with hydrologic adjustment more often than not was less positive (or, equivalently, more negative) than what was projected by the climate models. The dominant contributor to this decrease in runoff was a ubiquitous change in runoff (median - 11%) caused by the hydrologic model's apparent amplification of the climate-model-implied growth in potential evapotranspiration. Analysis suggests that the hydrologic model, on the basis of the empirical, temperature-based modified Jensen-Haise formula, calculates a change in potential evapotranspiration that is typically 3 times the change implied by the climate models, which explicitly track surface energy budgets. In comparison with the amplification of potential evapotranspiration, central tendencies of other contributions from hydrologic adjustment (spatial refinement, climate-bias adjustment, and process refinement) were relatively small. The authors' findings highlight the need for caution when projecting changes in potential evapotranspiration for use in hydrologic models or drought indices to evaluate climate-change impacts on water.
C1 [Milly, P. C. D.; Dunne, Krista A.] US Geol Survey, Princeton, NJ USA.
RP Milly, PCD (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
EM cmilly@usgs.gov
NR 10
TC 43
Z9 43
U1 4
U2 27
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1087-3562
J9 EARTH INTERACT
JI Earth Interact.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 15
AR 1
DI 10.1175/2010EI363.1
PG 14
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 771GM
UT WOS:000291145200001
ER
PT J
AU Zabel, RW
Levin, PS
Tolimieri, N
Mantua, NJ
AF Zabel, Richard W.
Levin, Phillip S.
Tolimieri, Nick
Mantua, Nathan J.
TI Interactions between climate and population density in the episodic
recruitment of bocaccio, Sebastes paucispinis, a Pacific rockfish
SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE climate; density-dependence; juvenile recruitment; Northern Oscillation
Index; rockfish; time scale
ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; LARGE-SCALE CLIMATE; DEPENDENT MORTALITY;
MARINE FISH; EL-NINO; REEF FISH; ECOLOGY; PREDATION; DYNAMICS; QUALITY
AB Climate strongly influences the population dynamics of many species, but intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as density-dependence and anthropogenic impacts can confound the effects of climate. Further, the temporal scale of climate response is determined by the unique characteristics of a species' life history, and determining the most appropriate climate indicator at the proper scale is a challenge faced by population ecologists. We focused on how climate influences juvenile survival of bocaccio (Sebastes paucispinis), a threatened Pacific rockfish, because its abundance has declined > 90% in the last 25 years, ostensibly as the result of overfishing. Bocaccio recruitment is episodic, with strong recruitment events apparently related to climate conditions. We developed a sequence of models that related log of juvenile survival to the predictor variables population density and climate, as measured by the Northern Oscillation Index. A model that contained only population density as a predictor variable explained only 1.4% of the variance, while a model that included only climate indices explained 52%. Including density additively with climate did not improve model fit. However, a model that included an interaction between density and climate explained more than 68% of the variance. In addition, models that represented climate as monthly indices fit the juvenile survival data much better than those that averaged climate over 2- or 3-month periods. Our results suggest that climate affects bocaccio recruitment as a series of pulses corresponding to particular life-history events, with population density mediating the magnitude of the climate effect during the settlement stage.
C1 [Zabel, Richard W.; Levin, Phillip S.; Tolimieri, Nick] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Mantua, Nathan J.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Zabel, RW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM rich.zabel@noaa.gov
NR 54
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 3
U2 22
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1054-6006
J9 FISH OCEANOGR
JI Fish Oceanogr.
PY 2011
VL 20
IS 4
BP 294
EP 304
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2011.00584.x
PG 11
WC Fisheries; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Oceanography
GA 773NO
UT WOS:000291314200003
ER
PT J
AU Gold, JR
Saillant, E
Cummings, NJ
Renshaw, MA
AF Gold, John R.
Saillant, Eric
Cummings, Nancie J.
Renshaw, Mark A.
TI Genetic Divergence and Effective Size among Lane Snapper in US Waters of
the Western Atlantic Ocean
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION ANALYSIS;
GULF-OF-MEXICO; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; LUTJANUS-SYNAGRIS; STATISTICAL
TESTS; N-E; DNA; GROWTH; COALESCENT
AB Population structure of lane snapper Lutjanus synagris in U.S. waters in the northern Caribbean Sea was assessed using nuclear-encoded microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from samples from four localities in the U.S. Caribbean and one locality in the Florida Keys. Significant heterogeneity was detected for both allele and genotype distributions (microsatellites) and for haplotype distribution (mtDNA). Pairwise comparisons revealed that fish in the Florida Keys differed significantly from fish in the U.S. Caribbean with respect to both microsatellites and mtDNA. A parsimony network of mtDNA haplotypes was consistent with division of the five sample localities into two distinct populations. Genetic diversity at both microsatellites and mtDNA was greater among fish from the Florida Keys. The average, long-term migration rate from the U.S. Caribbean westward to the Florida Keys was approximately 1.75-fold greater than the reverse, suggesting that the elevated genetic variability among fish from the Florida Keys reflects the westward movement of alleles as a function of westward-flowing surface currents in the region. Bayesian coalescent analysis (microsatellites) indicated that each of the two populations has experienced a 10-fold decline in effective population size (N(e)). Estimates of long-term effective size, generated using a coalescent, maximum-likelihood method, were 1,671.9 (Florida Keys) and 2,923.2 (U.S. Caribbean). Estimates of contemporaneous effective size, generated using a linkage-disequilibrium approach with minor alleles (those with frequencies of 0.02 or less) being excluded, were 275.6 (Florida Keys) and 668.9 (U.S. Caribbean) and differed significantly from one another. Because the samples contained mixed cohorts, the short-term estimates reflect the effective number of breeders (N(b)) that produced the cohort(s) from which the samples were taken. The difference between the long-term and short-term estimates of N(e) (or N(b)) suggests that the declines in the effective size of both populations are relatively recent and that management concern over lane snapper in the Florida Keys is justified.
C1 [Gold, John R.; Renshaw, Mark A.] Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Biosystemat & Biodivers, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
[Saillant, Eric] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Coastal Sci, Gulf Coast Res Lab, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA.
[Cummings, Nancie J.] SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Gold, JR (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Biosystemat & Biodivers, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
EM goldfish@tamu.edu
FU U.S. Department of Commerce [NA06NMF4540061]; Texas AgriLife Research
Project [H-6703]
FX We thank the following people for their invaluable assistance in
obtaining samples for this study: L. Anibal, J. Leon, H. Lopez, D.
Matos-Caraballo, and A. Rosario of the Department of Natural and
Environmental Resources Fisheries Research Laboratory in Mayaguez,
Puerto Rico; W. Ledee and D. Olsen of the St. Thomas Fisherman's
Association; H. Rivera and W. Tobias of the U.S. Virgin Islands Division
of Fish and Wildlife; and R. Beaver of the Florida Fish and Wildlife
Commission. We also thank E. Carson for generating Figure 1 and for
constructive comments on a draft of the manuscript. This work was
supported by the Cooperative Research Program of the U.S. Department of
Commerce (Grant NA06NMF4540061) and Texas AgriLife Research Project
H-6703. This article is number 75 in the series Genetic Studies in
Marine Fishes and contribution 193 of the Center for Biosystematics and
Biodiversity at Texas A&M University.
NR 65
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 6
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0275-5947
J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE
JI North Am. J. Fish Manage.
PY 2011
VL 31
IS 2
BP 209
EP 223
DI 10.1080/02755947.2011.568864
PG 15
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 761VJ
UT WOS:000290428800004
ER
PT J
AU Tatara, CP
Riley, SC
Berejikian, BA
AF Tatara, Christopher P.
Riley, Stephen C.
Berejikian, Barry A.
TI Effects of Hatchery Fish Density on Emigration, Growth, Survival, and
Predation Risk of Natural Steelhead Parr in an Experimental Stream
Channel
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID JUVENILE ATLANTIC SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; COHO SALMON; REARING
ENVIRONMENT; WASHINGTON STREAMS; PRIOR RESIDENCE; HABITAT USE;
TERRITORIAL CONTESTS; NORTHERN PIKEMINNOW; CHINOOK SALMON
AB Hatchery supplementation of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss raises concerns about the impacts on natural populations, including reduced growth and survival, displacement, and increased predation. The potential risks may be density dependent. We examined how hatchery stocking density and the opportunity to emigrate affect the responses of natural steelhead parr in an experimental stream channel and after 15 d found no density-dependent effects on growth, emigration, or survival at densities ranging from 1-6 hatchery parr/m(2). The opportunity for steelhead parr to emigrate reduced predation by coastal cutthroat trout O. clarkii clarkii on both hatchery and natural steelhead parr. The cutthroat trout exhibited a type-I functional response (constant predation rate with increased prey density) for the hatchery and composite populations. In contrast, the predation rate on natural parr decreased as hatchery stocking density increased. Supplementation with hatchery parr at any experimental stocking density reduced the final natural parr density. This decline was explained by increased emigration from the supplemented groups. Natural parr had higher mean instantaneous growth rates than hatchery parr. The proportion of parr emigrating decreased as parr size increased over successive experimental trials. Smaller parr had lower survival and suffered higher predation. The final density of the composite population, a measure of supplementation effectiveness, increased with the hatchery steelhead stocking rate. Our results indicate that stocking larger hatchery parr (over 50 d postemergence) at densities within the carrying capacity would have low short-term impact on the growth, survival, and emigration of natural parr while increasing the density of the composite population; in addition, a stocking density greater than 3 fish/m(2) might be a good starting point for the evaluation of parr stocking in natural streams.
C1 [Tatara, Christopher P.; Riley, Stephen C.; Berejikian, Barry A.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Manchester Res Stn, Manchester, WA 98353 USA.
RP Tatara, CP (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Manchester Res Stn, POB 130, Manchester, WA 98353 USA.
EM chris.p.tatara@noaa.gov
NR 52
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 3
U2 25
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0275-5947
EI 1548-8675
J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE
JI North Am. J. Fish Manage.
PY 2011
VL 31
IS 2
BP 224
EP 235
DI 10.1080/02755947.2011.571503
PG 12
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 761VJ
UT WOS:000290428800005
ER
PT J
AU Jones, CE
Andrews, SJ
Carpenter, LJ
Hogan, C
Hopkins, FE
Laube, JC
Robinson, AD
Spain, TG
Archer, SD
Harris, NRP
Nightingale, PD
O'Doherty, SJ
Oram, DE
Pyle, JA
Butler, JH
Hall, BD
AF Jones, C. E.
Andrews, S. J.
Carpenter, L. J.
Hogan, C.
Hopkins, F. E.
Laube, J. C.
Robinson, A. D.
Spain, T. G.
Archer, S. D.
Harris, N. R. P.
Nightingale, P. D.
O'Doherty, S. J.
Oram, D. E.
Pyle, J. A.
Butler, J. H.
Hall, B. D.
TI Results from the first national UK inter-laboratory calibration for very
short-lived halocarbons
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPICAL ATLANTIC-OCEAN; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; METHYL-IODIDE;
ATMOSPHERE; CHEMISTRY; BROMINE; OZONE; TROPOSPHERE; BROMOFORM; IMPACT
AB Very short-lived halocarbons (VSLH) such as CH3I, CH2Br2 and CHBr3 provide an important source of reactive halogens to the atmosphere, however high spatial and seasonal variability in their ambient mixing ratios and sea-air fluxes gives rise to considerable uncertainty in global scale emission estimates. One solution to improve global flux estimates is to combine the multitude of individually published datasets to produce a database of collated global halocarbon observations. Some progress towards this has already been achieved through the HalOcAt (Halocarbons in the Ocean and Atmosphere) database initiative, but the absence of a common calibration scale for very short-lived halocarbons makes it difficult to distinguish true environmental variations from artefacts arising from differences between calibration methodologies. As such, the lack of inter-calibrations for both air and seawater measurements of very short-lived halocarbons has been identified as a major limitation to current estimations of the global scale impact of these reactive trace gases. Here we present the key findings from the first national UK inter-laboratory comparison for calibrations of the halocarbons CH3I, CH2Br2 and CHBr3. The aim of this inter-calibration was to provide transparency between halocarbon calibrations from major UK research institutions, an important step towards enabling all measurements from these institutions to be treated as one coherent integrated dataset for global source term parameterisations.
C1 [Jones, C. E.; Andrews, S. J.; Carpenter, L. J.] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England.
[Hogan, C.; Laube, J. C.; Oram, D. E.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England.
[Hopkins, F. E.; Archer, S. D.; Nightingale, P. D.] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England.
[Robinson, A. D.; Harris, N. R. P.; Pyle, J. A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England.
[Spain, T. G.] Natl Univ Ireland, Sch Phys, Galway, Ireland.
[O'Doherty, S. J.] Univ Bristol, Atmospher Chem Res Grp, Bristol BS8 1TS, Avon, England.
[Butler, J. H.; Hall, B. D.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Carpenter, LJ (reprint author), Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England.
EM lucy.carpenter@york.ac.uk
RI Archer, Stephen/H-5490-2012; Carpenter, Lucy/E-6742-2013; Nightingale,
Philip/I-4324-2012;
OI Nightingale, Philip/0000-0001-7177-5469; Spain,
Gerard/0000-0002-4548-2483; Carpenter, Lucy/0000-0002-6257-3950; Harris,
Neil/0000-0003-1256-3006
FU International Project Office (IPO); Natural Environment Research Council
(NERC); European Science Foundation (ESF); NERC [NE/C001672/1, RG41718,
NE/F015585/1, NE/F020341/1, NE/GO/4655/1]; Department of the Energy and
Climate Change (DECC, UK) [GA01103]
FX For funding the VSLH workshop, we are grateful to the SOLAS
International Project Office (IPO); the Natural Environment Research
Council (NERC) through UK-SOLAS Knowledge Transfer funds; and the
European Science Foundation (ESF) through COST (Cooperation in the field
of Scientific and Technical Research) Action 735 funds. The UK
inter-calibrations were supported by the NERC QUEST programme
(NE/C001672/1, subcontract no. RG41718). UEA acknowledge NERC for the
Research Fellowship NE/F015585/1. UoB thank the School of Physics,
National University of Ireland, Galway, for making the research
facilities at Mace Head available. The operation of the halocarbon
measurements at Mace Head was funded by the Department of the Energy and
Climate Change (DECC, UK) contract GA01103 to the University of Bristol.
The University of Cambridge work is supported by NERC on project
NE/F020341/1 and a Research Fellowship (NE/GO/4655/1). The authors
acknowledge Steve Montzka and Carolina Siso (NOAA-ESRL) for their
involvement in the analysis of SX-3570 and the development of the NOAA
scales.
NR 41
TC 9
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 21
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2011
VL 4
IS 5
BP 865
EP 874
DI 10.5194/amt-4-865-2011
PG 10
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 770MM
UT WOS:000291090800009
ER
PT J
AU Roesch, A
Wild, M
Ohmura, A
Dutton, EG
Long, CN
Zhang, T
AF Roesch, A.
Wild, M.
Ohmura, A.
Dutton, E. G.
Long, C. N.
Zhang, T.
TI Assessment of BSRN radiation records for the computation of monthly
means (vol 4, pg 339, 2011)
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Correction
C1 [Roesch, A.; Wild, M.; Ohmura, A.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
[Dutton, E. G.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab GMD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Long, C. N.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Zhang, T.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
RP Roesch, A (reprint author), ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Univ Str 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
EM andreas.roesch@env.ethz.ch
RI Wild, Martin/J-8977-2012
NR 1
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 1
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2011
VL 4
IS 5
BP 973
EP 973
DI 10.5194/amt-4-973-2011
PG 1
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 770MM
UT WOS:000291090800017
ER
PT J
AU Bruhwiler, LMP
Michalak, AM
Tans, PP
AF Bruhwiler, L. M. P.
Michalak, A. M.
Tans, P. P.
TI Spatial and temporal resolution of carbon flux estimates for 1983-2002
SO BIOGEOSCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2 INVERSIONS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC;
TRACER TRANSPORT; SURFACE FLUXES; DIOXIDE DATA; SINKS; CYCLE; MODEL;
LAND
AB We discuss the spatial and temporal resolution of monthly carbon flux estimates for the period 19832002 using a fixed-lag Kalman Smoother technique with a global chemical transport model, and the GLOBALVIEW data product. The observational network has expanded substantially over this period, and the flux estimates are better constrained provided by observations for the 1990's in comparison to the 1980's. The estimated uncertainties also decrease as observational coverage expands. In this study, we use the Globalview data product for a network that changes every 5 yr, rather than using a small number of continually-operating sites (fewer observational constraints) or a large number of sites, some of which may consist almost entirely of extrapolated data. We show that the discontinuities resulting from network changes reflect uncertainty due to a sparse and variable network. This uncertainty effectively limits the resolution of trends in carbon fluxes, and is a potentially significant source of noise in assimilation systems that allow changes in observation distribution between assimilation time steps.
The ability of the inversion to distinguish, or resolve, carbon fluxes at various spatial scales is examined using a diagnostic known as the resolution kernel. We find that the global partition between land and ocean fluxes is well-resolved even for the very sparse network of the 1980's, although prior information makes a significant contribution to the resolution. The ability to distinguish zonal average fluxes has improved significantly since the 1980's, especially for the tropics, where the zonal ocean and land biosphere fluxes can be distinguished. Care must be taken when interpreting zonal average fluxes, however, since the lack of air samples for some regions in a zone may result in a large influence from prior flux estimates for these regions. We show that many of the TransCom 3 source regions are distinguishable throughout the period over which estimates are produced. Examples are Boreal and Temperate North America. The resolution of fluxes from Europe and Australia has greatly improved since the 1990's. Other regions, notably Tropical South America and the Equatorial Atlantic remain practically unresolved.
Comparisons of the average seasonal cycle of the estimated carbon fluxes with the seasonal cycle of the prior flux estimates reveals a large adjustment of the summertime uptake of carbon for Boreal Eurasia, and an earlier onset of springtime uptake for Temperate North America. In addition, significantly larger seasonal cycles are obtained for some ocean regions, such as the Northern Ocean, North Pacific, North Atlantic and Western Equatorial Pacific, regions that appear to be well-resolved by the inversion.
C1 [Bruhwiler, L. M. P.; Tans, P. P.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA.
[Michalak, A. M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
RP Bruhwiler, LMP (reprint author), NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA.
EM lori.bruhwiler@noaa.gov
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Earth System Research
Laboratory
FX The authors wish to thank Gabrielle Petron, Andy Jacobson, Rachel Law
and anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. This work was
supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Earth
System Research Laboratory.
NR 67
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 17
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1726-4170
EI 1726-4189
J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES
JI Biogeosciences
PY 2011
VL 8
IS 5
BP 1309
EP 1331
DI 10.5194/bg-8-1309-2011
PG 23
WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology
GA 769HK
UT WOS:000291003200020
ER
PT J
AU Safford, TG
Norman, KC
AF Safford, Thomas G.
Norman, Karma C.
TI Planning Salmon Recovery: Applying Sociological Concepts to Spawn New
Organizational Insights
SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES
LA English
DT Article
DE collaborative planning; natural resource management; organizational
behavior; salmon recovery; Washington State
ID INSTITUTIONS
AB Restoring salmon is a complex organizational as well as technical endeavor. The Washington Salmon Recovery Planning Act has played a key role in these efforts by stimulating the creation of local planning organizations known as lead entities. This study utilizes conceptual and theoretical tools from organizational sociology to analyze regulative, normative, and cultural-cognitive institutional forces shaping the structure and behavior of lead entity organizations in the Puget Sound region. Findings demonstrate that the regulative influence of the act only partly explains the distinct structure and behavior of lead entities. Other institutional influences such as the normative importance of technically driven salmon recovery approaches and the culture of localism embedded in these multiparty groups are equally important in explaining the organization of lead entity planning. Results from this study illustrate how research built upon theoretical insights from organizational sociology may provide planners with novel insights into the organization of natural resource management.
C1 [Safford, Thomas G.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Sociol, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
[Safford, Thomas G.] Univ New Hampshire, UNH Marine Program, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
[Norman, Karma C.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Socioecon Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Safford, TG (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Sociol, 417 Horton Social Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
EM Tom.Safford@unh.edu
NR 28
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 7
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0894-1920
J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR
JI Soc. Nat. Resour.
PY 2011
VL 24
IS 7
BP 751
EP 766
AR PII 936859019
DI 10.1080/08941920.2011.555445
PG 16
WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology
GA 768WF
UT WOS:000290968700008
ER
PT J
AU Duong, HT
Sorooshian, A
Feingold, G
AF Duong, H. T.
Sorooshian, A.
Feingold, G.
TI Investigating potential biases in observed and modeled metrics of
aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPICAL RAINFALL; STRATOCUMULUS; SATELLITE; DRIZZLE; ALGORITHM;
PRODUCTS; SYSTEM; IMPACT
AB This study utilizes large eddy simulation, aircraft measurements, and satellite observations to identify factors that bias the absolute magnitude of metrics of aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions for warm clouds. The metrics considered are precipitation susceptibility So, which examines rain rate sensitivity to changes in drop number, and a cloud-precipitation metric, chi, which relates changes in rain rate to those in drop size. While wide ranges in rain rate exist at fixed cloud drop concentration for different cloud liquid water amounts, chi and S-o are shown to be relatively insensitive to the growth phase of the cloud for large datasets that include data representing the full spectrum of cloud lifetime. Spatial resolution of measurements is shown to influence the liquid water path-dependent behavior of S-o and chi. Other factors of importance are the choice of the minimum rain rate threshold, and how to quantify rain rate, drop size, and the cloud condensation nucleus proxy. Finally, low biases in retrieved aerosol amounts owing to wet scavenging and high biases associated with above-cloud aerosol layers should be accounted for. The paper explores the impact of these effects for model, satellite, and aircraft data.
C1 [Duong, H. T.; Sorooshian, A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Sorooshian, A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Feingold, G.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Sorooshian, A (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
EM armin@email.arizona.edu
RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015;
OI Sorooshian, Armin/0000-0002-2243-2264
FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-10-1-0811, N00014-04-1-0018]; NOAA's
Climate Goal
FX This work was funded by an Office of Naval Research YIP Award
(N00014-10-1-0811). The aircraft measurements were supported by the
Office of Naval Research grant N00014-04-1-0018. G. F. acknowledges
support from NOAA's Climate Goal.
NR 43
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 10
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 9
BP 4027
EP 4037
DI 10.5194/acp-11-4027-2011
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 764GT
UT WOS:000290618600002
ER
PT J
AU Roden, SE
Dutton, PH
AF Roden, Suzanne E.
Dutton, Peter H.
TI Isolation and characterization of 14 polymorphic microsatellite loci in
the leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) and cross-species
amplification
SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES
LA English
DT Article
DE Leatherback turtle; Microsatellites; Dermochelys coriacea; Cross-species
amplification
ID POPULATION-GENETICS; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; SOFTWARE; MARKERS
AB Fourteen microsatellites were isolated and characterized from a small-insert genomic DNA library from the leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea enriched for dinucleotide microsatellite motifs. We tested primers on 207 leatherbacks sampled from St. Croix, US Virgin Islands. Primer pairs yielded an average of 5.7 alleles per locus, an average observed heterozygosity of 0.47, and average polymorphic information content of 0.43. Cross species amplification of these markers was performed on the six other extant species of marine turtles: olive ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea), Kemp's ridley (Lepidochelys kempii), hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata), loggerhead (Caretta caretta), green (Chelonia mydas), and flatback (Natator depressus) turtles. Eleven of the markers worked in at least one of the species, and seven of these were polymorphic. These leatherback-specific microsatellite markers will facilitate population genetic and ecological studies to aid in the conservation of this divergent species of marine turtle, and provide additional markers for the other species of cheloniids.
C1 [Roden, Suzanne E.; Dutton, Peter H.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP Dutton, PH (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 3333 N Torrey Pines Court, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
EM Peter.Dutton@noaa.gov
FU NOAA-National Marine Fisheries Service-Southwest Fisheries Science
Center
FX This research was funded by NOAA-National Marine Fisheries
Service-Southwest Fisheries Science Center. We would like to thank Lara
Asato, Luana Galver, Lauren Hansen, Nicole Hedrick, Amy Jue, Carrie
LeDuc, Janet Lowther and Mark Westerman for their technical assistance
in the laboratory. We are grateful to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
at Sandy Point National Wildlife Refuge, the West Indies Marine Animal
Research and Conservation Service (WIMARCS) and the USVI Department of
Planning and Natural Resources for facilitating collection of samples.
NR 14
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 2
U2 9
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1877-7252
J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR
JI Conserv. Genet. Resour.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 3
IS 1
BP 49
EP 52
DI 10.1007/s12686-010-9284-4
PG 4
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity
GA 761YE
UT WOS:000290438500013
ER
PT J
AU Shin, JW
Bertocci, U
Stafford, GR
AF Shin, J. W.
Bertocci, U.
Stafford, G. R.
TI In Situ Stress Measurement During Hydrogen Sorption on Ultrathin
(111)-Textured Pd Films in Alkaline Electrolyte
SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; PALLADIUM THIN-FILMS; NANOGRAVIMETRIC
MEASUREMENTS; UNDERPOTENTIAL DEPOSITION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES;
ACIDIC-SOLUTIONS; FOIL ELECTRODE; ABSORPTION; ADSORPTION; SURFACE
AB The stress behavior of hydrogen adsorption/absorption into Pd layers electrodeposited on (111)-textured gold has been examined in alkaline solution. Although the kinetics are much slower than in acidic solution, the stress induced by H adsorption and absorption is very similar. Hydrogen adsorption causes a -0.46 N/m change in the surface stress. Compressive stress generation is consistent with first principle calculations as well as experimental data for hydrogen on Pt. Hydrogen absorption causes GPa-level compressive stress in the Pd due to the large volume expansion associated with the alpha-PdH to beta-PdH phase transition. Although some indication of plastic deformation during hydride formation was observed, the large tensile coherency stress due to the +4.9% lattice misfit between Pd and Au keeps the hydride cycle in the elastic regime. The stress measurement probes only those processes concerned with adsorption and absorption. Since the wafer curvature measurement responds directly to the volumetric strain induced by hydrogen incorporation and is insensitive to parasitic reactions, it serves as a nice complement to the more traditional electroanalytical techniques for studying hydrogen absorption kinetics. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3583609] All rights reserved.
C1 [Shin, J. W.; Bertocci, U.; Stafford, G. R.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Shin, JW (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jwshin0725@gmail.com
NR 55
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 2
U2 20
PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC
PI PENNINGTON
PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA
SN 0013-4651
J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC
JI J. Electrochem. Soc.
PY 2011
VL 158
IS 7
BP F127
EP F134
DI 10.1149/1.3583609
PG 8
WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films
SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science
GA 767QI
UT WOS:000290870700032
ER
PT J
AU Deakos, MH
Baker, JD
Bejder, L
AF Deakos, Mark H.
Baker, Jason D.
Bejder, Lars
TI Characteristics of a manta ray Manta alfredi population off Maui,
Hawaii, and implications for management
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE Population size; Movement; Site fidelity; Mark recapture; Anthropogenic
threat
ID SHARKS RHINCODON-TYPUS; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; MARKED ANIMALS; SITE
FIDELITY; WHALES; PHOTOIDENTIFICATION; MOBULIDAE; BIROSTRIS; SURVIVAL;
ECOLOGY
AB Late maturity, few offspring and a residential nature are typical characteristics of Manta alfredi that make this species vulnerable to localized anthropogenic threats. Improving its life history information is crucial for successful management. A total of 229 surveys was conducted from 2005 to 2009 at a manta ray aggregation site off Maui, Hawaii, to qualitatively and quantitatively describe the abundance, movements and temporal habits of this population. Photo-identifications revealed 290 unique individuals, but a discovery curve showed no asymptotic trend, indicating that the number of individuals using the area was much larger. Resightings and manta ray follows revealed that this population and a population off the Big Island may be independent, island-associated stocks. High resighting rates within and across years provided strong evidence of site fidelity. Findings were consistent with a population of manta rays moving into and out of the Maui aggregation area, with a varying portion of the total population temporarily resident at any given time. Males, accounting for 53% of all individuals, resided for shorter periods than females around the study area. Manta rays were usually absent at first light with numbers increasing throughout the day. More frequent mating trains were observed during the winter months. Shark predation was evident in 33% of individuals, and 10% had an amputated or non-functional cephalic fin. This small, demographically independent population appears vulnerable to the impacts from non-target fisheries, primarily from entanglement in fishing line, and could suffer from exploitation by commercial, unregulated 'swim-with manta ray' programs. Management on an island-area basis is recommended.
C1 [Deakos, Mark H.] Hawaii Assoc Marine Educ & Res Inc, Lahaina, HI 96761 USA.
[Deakos, Mark H.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Baker, Jason D.] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Bejder, Lars] Murdoch Univ, Ctr Fish & Fisheries Res, Cetacean Res Unit, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.
RP Deakos, MH (reprint author), Hawaii Assoc Marine Educ & Res Inc, PMB 175,5095 Napilihau St 109B, Lahaina, HI 96761 USA.
EM deakos@hawaii.edu
RI Bejder, Lars/D-1772-2017
OI Bejder, Lars/0000-0001-8138-8606
NR 72
TC 23
Z9 24
U1 3
U2 40
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
EI 1616-1599
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PY 2011
VL 429
BP 245
EP 260
DI 10.3354/meps09085
PG 16
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA 765CX
UT WOS:000290682100021
ER
PT J
AU Cohl, HS
AF Cohl, Howard S.
TI On Parameter Differentiation for Integral Representations of Associated
Legendre Functions
SO SYMMETRY INTEGRABILITY AND GEOMETRY-METHODS AND APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE Legendre functions; modified Bessel functions; derivatives
ID BESSEL-FUNCTIONS; RESPECT; DERIVATIVES; ORDER
AB For integral representations of associated Legendre functions in terms of modified Bessel functions, we establish justification for differentiation under the integral sign with respect to parameters. With this justification, derivatives for associated Legendre functions of the first and second kind with respect to the degree are evaluated at odd-half-integer degrees, for general complex-orders, and derivatives with respect to the order are evaluated at integer-orders, for general complex-degrees. We also discuss the properties of the complex function f : C \ {-1, 1} --> C given by f(z) = z/(root z + 1 root z - 1).
C1 [Cohl, Howard S.] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Cohl, Howard S.] Univ Auckland, Dept Math, Auckland, New Zealand.
RP Cohl, HS (reprint author), NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM hcohl@nist.gov
FU Faculty of Science at the University of Auckland
FX I would like to thank Dr. A.F.M. ter Elst for extremely valuable
discussions and acknowledge funding for time to write this paper from
the Dean of the Faculty of Science at the University of Auckland in the
form of a three month stipend to enhance University of Auckland 2012
PBRF Performance. I would like to express my gratitude to the anonymous
referees whose helpful comments improved this paper. I would also like
to thank F.W.J. Olver for helpful discussions. Part of this work was
conducted while the author was a National Research Council Research Post
doctoral Associate in the Information Technology Laboratory of the
National Institute of Standards and Technology.
NR 26
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU NATL ACAD SCI UKRAINE, INST MATH
PI KYIV 4
PA 3 TERESCHCHENKIV SKA ST, KYIV 4, 01601, UKRAINE
SN 1815-0659
J9 SYMMETRY INTEGR GEOM
JI Symmetry Integr. Geom.
PY 2011
VL 7
AR 050
DI 10.3842/SIGMA.2011.050
PG 16
WC Physics, Mathematical
SC Physics
GA 767IY
UT WOS:000290851000001
ER
PT S
AU Polyakov, SV
Migdall, A
Nam, SW
AF Polyakov, Sergey V.
Migdall, Alan
Nam, Sae Woo
BE Jaeger, G
Khrennikov, A
Schlosshauer, M
Weihs, G
TI Real-Time Data-Acquisition Platform for Pulsed Measurements
SO ADVANCES IN QUANTUM THEORY
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference Advances in Quantum Theory
CY JUN 14-17, 2010
CL Vaxjo, SWEDEN
DE Photon statistics; Multichannel statistical processing; Quantum optics;
Superconducting detectors
ID ELECTRONICS
AB We present an inexpensive and simple data acquisition platform based on Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) designed to acquire and characterize fast digital or analog electrical signals in real time for processing on a generic personal computer. While the instrument was designed for electrical outputs of single-photon detectors and is suited for high photon-counting rates, it can also be used for characterization of similar digital electrical signals from other sources and for analog signals as well. The complete description of the platform is available for download at http://physics.nist.eov/fpga.
C1 [Polyakov, Sergey V.; Migdall, Alan] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Polyakov, Sergey V.; Migdall, Alan; Nam, Sae Woo] NIST, Optoelect Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Polyakov, SV (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
NR 12
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0882-1
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2011
VL 1327
BP 505
EP +
DI 10.1063/1.3567482
PG 2
WC Physics, Mathematical
SC Physics
GA BUU35
UT WOS:000290369900059
ER
PT J
AU Toole, CL
Brodeur, RD
Donohoe, CJ
Markle, DF
AF Toole, Christopher L.
Brodeur, Richard D.
Donohoe, Christopher J.
Markle, Douglas F.
TI Seasonal and interannual variability in the community structure of small
demersal fishes off the central Oregon coast
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE Fish communities; Demersal habitat; Size; Density; Diversity; Depth;
Oregon Coast
ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SPECIES COMPOSITION;
UPPER SLOPE; ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES; GROUNDFISH ASSEMBLAGES;
MICROSTOMUS-PACIFICUS; DOVER SOLE; WASHINGTON; ECOSYSTEM
AB Small demersal fishes were collected along the central Oregon coast using a shrimp trawl with small-mesh liner. The trawl was deployed bimonthly in 1989 along 3 transects and along a single transect in March 1989 to 1994. Forty species, 19 of which are not commercially important and rarely reported in other studies, occurred in >5% of the samples. Species assemblages were structured primarily by depth, with mid-shelf stations dominated by flatfishes; on the outer shelf and slope, gadids, scorpaenids, osmerids, and zoarcids were also important. Additionally, 4 out of 5 identified station groups were more closely associated with a single season. Seasonal assemblage structure included a broad range of species whose distributions shifted inshore in summer. This phenomenon, previously described for only a few species off Oregon, further accentuated the correlation of assemblages with depth. Seasonal shifts in distributions appeared to be a function of juvenile settlement and ontogenetic changes in nursery habitat and of seasonal inshore-offshore movements of individuals of many sizes, which indicated that sediment type was not the only feature important in habitat selection. March assemblages were weakly structured by interannual differences, in spite of environmental conditions ranging from the cold La Nina of 1989 to the warm El Nino of 1992. The largest annual differences were among short-lived species and likely reflected differences in recruitment. This study targeted smaller fish than are collected in most bottom trawl surveys and illustrates the importance of seasonal changes in habitat for smaller fish and the value of understanding all life stages in a demersal fish community.
C1 [Brodeur, Richard D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Toole, Christopher L.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Portland, OR 97232 USA.
[Donohoe, Christopher J.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Markle, Douglas F.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Brodeur, RD (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2030 S Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
EM rick.brodeur@noaa.gov
FU Pacific Outer Continental Shelf Region of the Minerals Management
Service, Department of the Interior [14-12-0001-30429]; Oregon Sea Grant
Program [NA85AA-D-SG095]; National Marine Fisheries Service
[NA-87-ABH-00014]
FX We thank the many people who assisted in the field and laboratory,
including P. Harris, D. Simon, P. Petry, S. Banks, E. Degener, L.
Hohner, R. Melendez, D. Nelson, D. Platt, J. Platz, B. Ralston, T.
Shibahara, C. Ridgely, B. Stradley, and B. Thom. We also thank W.
Wakefield, N. Tolimieri, E. Casillas, and 3 anonymous reviewers for
reviews of earlier versions of the manuscript; L. Ciannelli for
encouragement and helpful discussions; and J. Clemons and A. Smith for
assistance with figures. Captain T. N. Thompson of the FV 'Olympic'
donated a portion of the ship time. This work was funded in part by the
Pacific Outer Continental Shelf Region of the Minerals Management
Service, Department of the Interior contract No. 14-12-0001-30429; by
the Oregon Sea Grant Program, project No. NA85AA-D-SG095; and by
National Marine Fisheries Service contract NA-87-ABH-00014.
NR 68
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 6
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
EI 1616-1599
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PY 2011
VL 428
BP 201
EP 217
DI 10.3354/meps09028
PG 17
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA 759ME
UT WOS:000290248800015
ER
PT J
AU Hatzell, MC
Turhan, A
Kim, S
Hussey, DS
Jacobson, DL
Mench, MM
AF Hatzell, M. C.
Turhan, A.
Kim, S.
Hussey, D. S.
Jacobson, D. L.
Mench, M. M.
TI Quantification of Temperature Driven Flow in a Polymer Electrolyte Fuel
Cell Using High-Resolution Neutron Radiography
SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID VALIDATED LEVERETT APPROACH; LIQUID WATER DISTRIBUTION; PEFC DIFFUSION
MEDIA; MULTIPHASE FLOW; TRANSPORT; MEMBRANE; LAYER; PEMFC; STORAGE;
MODEL
AB In this study, the effect of a controlled temperature gradient on water transport across a single fuel cell was quantitatively investigated using high-resolution neutron imaging. The direction of liquid water transport under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions was observed in both hydrophilic and hydrophobic diffusion media (DM). The change in distribution of liquid saturation with time revealed two different mechanisms of water transport; capillary driven flow and phase-change induced (PCI) flow, in which a water vapor concentration gradient is created by condensation at a colder location. This concentration gradient drives diffusion flow toward the colder location. A maximum liquid saturation plateau of ca. 30% was shown for all conditions tested, indicating a critical transition between pendular and funicular modes of liquid water storage was captured. Based on this, it is suggested that PCI-flow may be the main mode of liquid transport below this critical transition threshold, above which, capillary flow dominates. As expected, both average cell temperature and the magnitude of temperature gradient were shown to significantly affect the rate of condensation within the DM. Experimental results were compared with water saturation distribution model predictions from literature and show reasonable qualitative agreement. Finally, it was concluded that current available models significantly over predict vapor phase diffusive transport in saturated fuel cell media using a Bruggeman type model. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3577597] All rights reserved.
C1 [Hatzell, M. C.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Hussey, D. S.; Jacobson, D. L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Hatzell, MC (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
EM mmench@utk.edu
FU NSF [CBET- 0644811]; U.S. Department of Commerce; NIST Ionizing
Radiation Division; Director's office of NIST; NIST Center for Neutron
Research; Department of Energy inter-agency [DEAI01-01EE50660]
FX The authors wish to thank Eli Baltic for technical assistance at the
NIST imaging facility. A portion of this study was funded by NSF award #
CBET- 0644811. The NIST neutron imaging facility was supported by the
U.S. Department of Commerce, the NIST Ionizing Radiation Division, the
Director's office of NIST, the NIST Center for Neutron Research, and the
Department of Energy inter-agency agreement No. DEAI01-01EE50660.
NR 53
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 3
U2 15
PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC
PI PENNINGTON
PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA
SN 0013-4651
J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC
JI J. Electrochem. Soc.
PY 2011
VL 158
IS 6
BP B717
EP B726
DI 10.1149/1.3577597
PG 10
WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films
SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science
GA 754KY
UT WOS:000289854700041
ER
PT J
AU Hwang, SM
Bonevich, JE
Kim, JJ
Moffat, TP
AF Hwang, Sun-Mi
Bonevich, John E.
Kim, Jae Jeong
Moffat, Thomas P.
TI Electrodeposition of Pt100-xPbx Metastable Alloys and Intermetallics
SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID PLATINIZED PLATINUM ELECTRODES; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; ORIENTED
PYROLYTIC-GRAPHITE; COMPOSITIONAL CONTROL; FORMIC-ACID; ELECTROCATALYTIC
ACTIVITY; UNDERPOTENTIAL DEPOSITION; SURFACE STRESS; THIN-FILMS; FEPT
FILMS
AB The electrodeposition of a series of metastable Pt-Pb alloys and intermetallic phases as well as elemental Pt is demonstrated using an acid electrolyte comprised of 0.05 mol/l Pb(ClO4)(2) and/or 0.001 mol/l K2PtCl4. Pt-Pb films were deposited at various potentials relative to the reversible potential for Pb/Pb2+ (EPb/Pb2+ = -0.80 V SSE). A metastable fcc Pt-Pb solid solution is formed at potentials between -0.2 and -0.78 V SSE. A monotonic increase in the fcc lattice parameter with decreasing potential corresponds to a rise in Pb content that spans the composition range from Pt to beyond Pt3Pb. The intermetallics, PtPb, PtPb4 and elemental Pb form at more negative potentials. The films are single or multiphase depending on the growth potential and substrate. Thermal annealing leads to phase separation of the deposits into the respective equilibrium intermetallic phases whose volume fractions enable the overall film composition to be determined. At more negative potentials, between -0.79 and -0.82 V SSE, the ordered hexagonal PtPb intermetallic phase is directly formed by electrodeposition. Co-deposition of Pt100-xPbx at potentials positive of -0.8 V SSE (EPb/Pb2+) occurs by a combination of Pb underpotential deposition with overpotential Pt deposition. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3572049] All rights reserved.
C1 [Hwang, Sun-Mi; Bonevich, John E.; Moffat, Thomas P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Hwang, Sun-Mi; Kim, Jae Jeong] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea.
RP Hwang, SM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM thomas.moffat@nist.gov
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011
NR 57
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 12
PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC
PI PENNINGTON
PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA
SN 0013-4651
EI 1945-7111
J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC
JI J. Electrochem. Soc.
PY 2011
VL 158
IS 6
BP D307
EP D316
DI 10.1149/1.3572049
PG 10
WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films
SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science
GA 754KY
UT WOS:000289854700054
ER
PT J
AU Lee, CH
Bonevich, JE
Bertocci, U
Steffens, KL
Moffat, TP
AF Lee, Chang Hwa
Bonevich, John E.
Bertocci, Ugo
Steffens, Kristen L.
Moffat, Thomas P.
TI Superconformal Ni Electrodeposition Using 2-Mercaptobenzimidazole
SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID SUBMICROMETER TRENCHES; CORROSION PROPERTIES;
2-MERCAPTO-5-BENZIMIDAZOLESULFONIC ACID; BLOCKING INHIBITORS;
MAGNETIC-FILMS; GOLD SUPERFILL; THIN-FILMS; SURFACE PH; AU(111); COPPER
AB Ni superconformal filling of sub-micrometer trenches is demonstrated using a Watts bath containing an inhibitor 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (MBI). Hysteretic voltammetry marks the breakdown of the MBI-induced passive-state coincident with the onset of Ni deposition. Chronoamperometry reveals that disruption of MBI inhibition is a strong function of the immersion conditions and potential conditioning. The passive to active transition involves a competition between potential-dependent MBI adsorption and its subsequent deactivation and/or consumption during Ni deposition. Breakdown of the MBI-passivating layer results in sulfide formation and its incorporation into the Ni film. The current efficiency of Ni deposition on the activated surface is close to that for the additive-free electrolyte. For recessed surface features, such as trenches, inhibition-breakdown initiates preferentially at the bottom corners. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM) studies show the growth front within the trenches initially develops as a v-notch shape while negligible deposition occurs on the free surface. This is followed by the onset of Ni deposition over the entire surface profile that results in trench filling by geometrical leveling. Depending on the specimen immersion process a distinct microstructural transition marks the change in growth mode from a superconformal deposition mode to geometrical leveling during trench filling. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3572055] All rights reserved.
C1 [Lee, Chang Hwa; Bonevich, John E.; Bertocci, Ugo; Steffens, Kristen L.; Moffat, Thomas P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Lee, CH (reprint author), Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Taejon 305353, South Korea.
EM thomas.moffat@nist.gov
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011
NR 50
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 12
PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC
PI PENNINGTON
PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA
SN 0013-4651
J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC
JI J. Electrochem. Soc.
PY 2011
VL 158
IS 6
BP D366
EP D376
DI 10.1149/1.3572055
PG 11
WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films
SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science
GA 754KY
UT WOS:000289854700062
ER
PT J
AU Matlock, GC
AF Matlock, Gary C.
TI Precision of Striped Bass Fry Density Estimates
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE
LA English
DT Article
ID SIZE
AB Many fisheries for striped bass Morone saxatilis in the United States are supported by stocking hatchery-reared fish. Fingerlings are usually obtained by spawning adults in captivity, collecting fry in large (25-100-L) collection containers (vats), moving them to rearing facilities (e. g., earthen ponds and raceways), and subsequently harvesting the fish that remain after some predetermined period. The number of fry stocked is estimated, and the accuracy and precision are seldom known or reported. The effect of treating fry stocking estimates as "error free, complete counts" on survival and production estimates is, therefore, also unknown. The objective of this study was to document and determine the statistical precision of the procedures used at Texas Parks and Wildlife Department's Dundee Fish Hatchery through the 1990s (standard procedures still in use at many hatcheries) for estimating fry densities in vats. The precision of fry density estimates was directly correlated with the mean density and sample volume. Such estimates could be improved by reducing the water volume (especially when densities are low) in vats and using a standard sample volume (at least 15 mL) instead of adjusting the sample volume based on visual inspection of fry in vats. The number of samples could be reduced from 10 to 8 without substantially affecting precision. Further, the practice of removing the highest and lowest sample values should be discontinued. The resulting precision of subsequent fingerling survival and production statistics could benefit from these changes without a substantial increase in data analysis.
C1 Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Matlock, GC (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, 1305 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM gary.c.matlock@noaa.gov
FU U.S. government
FX This study would not have been possible without the willingness of the
staff at TPWD's Dundee Fish Hatchery, especially Joe Warren, to collect
and provide the data. I am grateful to them for their conscientious
attention to detail and support. I also appreciate the constructive
criticisms of six anonymous reviewers. Reference to trade names does not
imply endorsement by the U.S. government.
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1522-2055
J9 N AM J AQUACULT
JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult.
PY 2011
VL 73
IS 2
BP 176
EP 179
DI 10.1080/15222055.2011.574942
PG 4
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 756UN
UT WOS:000290040300004
ER
PT J
AU Phillips, PJ
Jiang, F
Narvekar, A
Ayyad, J
O'Toole, AJ
AF Phillips, P. Jonathon
Jiang, Fang
Narvekar, Abhijit
Ayyad, Julianne
O'Toole, Alice J.
TI An Other-Race Effect for Face Recognition Algorithms
SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED PERCEPTION
LA English
DT Article
DE Algorithms; Human Factors; Verification; Experimentation; Face
recognition; human-machine comparisons
ID OWN-RACE; IDENTIFICATION; BIAS
AB Psychological research indicates that humans recognize faces of their own race more accurately than faces of other races. This "other-race effect" occurs for algorithms tested in a recent international competition for state-of-the-art face recognition algorithms. We report results for a Western algorithm made by fusing eight algorithms from Western countries and an East Asian algorithm made by fusing five algorithms from East Asian countries. At the low false accept rates required for most security applications, the Western algorithm recognized Caucasian faces more accurately than East Asian faces and the East Asian algorithm recognized East Asian faces more accurately than Caucasian faces. Next, using a test that spanned all false alarm rates, we compared the algorithms with humans of Caucasian and East Asian descent matching face identity in an identical stimulus set. In this case, both algorithms performed better on the Caucasian faces-the "majority" race in the database. The Caucasian face advantage, however, was far larger for the Western algorithm than for the East Asian algorithm. Humans showed the standard other-race effect for these faces, but showed more stable performance than the algorithms over changes in the race of the test faces. State-of-the-art face recognition algorithms, like humans, struggle with " other-race face" recognition.
C1 [Phillips, P. Jonathon] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Jiang, Fang; Narvekar, Abhijit; Ayyad, Julianne; O'Toole, Alice J.] Univ Texas Dallas, Sch Behav & Brain Sci, Richardson, TX 75083 USA.
RP Phillips, PJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8940, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jonathon@nist.gov; otoole@utdallas.edu
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011
FU Technical Support Working Group of the Department of Defense; Federal
Bureau of Investigation
FX This work was supported by funding from the Technical Support Working
Group of the Department of Defense and A. O'Toole from. P. J. Phillips
was supported in part by funding from the Federal Bureau of
Investigation. The identification of any commercial product or trade
name does not imply endorsement or recommendation by NIST.
NR 29
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 3
PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY
PI NEW YORK
PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA
SN 1544-3558
EI 1544-3965
J9 ACM T APPL PERCEPT
JI ACM Trans. Appl. Percept.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 8
IS 2
AR 14
DI 10.1145/1870076.1870082
PG 11
WC Computer Science, Software Engineering
SC Computer Science
GA 748AR
UT WOS:000289362900006
ER
PT J
AU Arrizabalaga, H
de Bruyn, P
Diaz, GA
Murua, H
Chavance, P
de Molina, AD
Gaertner, D
Ariz, J
Ruiz, J
Kell, LT
AF Arrizabalaga, Haritz
de Bruyn, Paul
Diaz, Guillermo A.
Murua, Hilario
Chavance, Pierre
Delgado de Molina, Alicia
Gaertner, Daniel
Ariz, Javier
Ruiz, Jon
Kell, Laurence T.
TI Productivity and susceptibility analysis for species caught in Atlantic
tuna fisheries
SO AQUATIC LIVING RESOURCES
LA English
DT Article
DE Ecological risk assessment; Productivity; Susceptibility; Ecosystem
approach; Bycatch; Purse seine; Longline fishery
ID ECOLOGICAL RISK-ASSESSMENT; AUSTRALIAN TRAWL FISHERY; FISHING EFFECTS
SAFE; SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT; ELASMOBRANCH BYCATCH; HIGHLY DIVERSE;
MARINE FISHES; MANAGEMENT; IMPACTS
AB Ecological risk assessment is a useful methodology for assisting the management of fisheries from an ecosystem perspective. Atlantic tuna fisheries, managed by the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT), are economically important and interact with several bycatch species. In spite of these interactions, no comprehensive ecological risk assessment has been conducted for bycatch species caught in ICCAT fisheries. In this paper, we followed a two stage approach with the objective of assessing the relative risk of species being negatively impacted by Atlantic tuna fisheries. An analysis of the ICCAT bycatch species list (which includes all species reported to have interacted with different tuna fishing gears operating in the Atlantic) revealed that most of these species are caught in longline fisheries, followed by gillnets and purse seines. According to the IUCN red list, 7 species of the ICCAT bycatch list (3 coastal sharks, 3 sea turtles and one seabird) are categorized as critically endangered. In our study, and based on their life history characteristics, marine mammals and coastal sharks caught in ICCAT fisheries showed the highest intrinsic vulnerability values. A productivity susceptibility analysis for the European Union (EU) tropical tuna purse seine fleet and the United States (US) pelagic longline fleet revealed two groups with high relative risk scores. The first one included pelagic and coastal sharks, characterized by relatively low productivities, and the second one included teleosts, characterized by higher productivities but high susceptibility to purse seine and longline gears. Some alternative approaches to conduct productivity susceptibility analyses in the context of ecological risk assessments are discussed.
C1 [Arrizabalaga, Haritz; de Bruyn, Paul; Murua, Hilario] AZTI Tecnalia, Pasaia 20110, Spain.
[Diaz, Guillermo A.] NOAA NMFS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Chavance, Pierre; Gaertner, Daniel] IRD, F-34203 Sete, France.
[Delgado de Molina, Alicia; Ariz, Javier] IEO CO Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 38080, Islas Canarias, Spain.
[Ruiz, Jon] AZTI Tecnalia, Sukarrieta 48395, Spain.
[Kell, Laurence T.] ICCAT, Madrid 28002, Spain.
RP Arrizabalaga, H (reprint author), AZTI Tecnalia, Herrera Kaia Portualdea Z-G, Pasaia 20110, Spain.
EM harri@azti.es
RI Gaertner, Daniel/H-8042-2013;
OI Gaertner, Daniel/0000-0002-1194-4432; Arrizabalaga,
Haritz/0000-0002-3861-6316
FU Basque Government
FX We thank three anonymous referees for their valuable comments. This work
was partially supported by the Basque Government grant ATM2010Templados
to AZTI Tecnalia. This paper is contribution number 522 from
AZTI-Tecnalia (Marine Research).
NR 40
TC 16
Z9 17
U1 1
U2 21
PU EDP SCIENCES S A
PI LES ULIS CEDEX A
PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A,
FRANCE
SN 0990-7440
EI 1765-2952
J9 AQUAT LIVING RESOUR
JI Aquat. Living Resour.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 24
IS 1
BP 1
EP 12
DI 10.1051/alr/2011007
PG 12
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 751MT
UT WOS:000289622900001
ER
PT J
AU Shackeroff, JM
Campbell, LM
Crowder, LB
AF Shackeroff, Janna M.
Campbell, Lisa M.
Crowder, Larry B.
TI Social-Ecological Guilds: Putting People into Marine Historical Ecology
SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE conservation; coral reefs; local ecological knowledge; marine historical
ecology; social-ecological systems; traditional ecological knowledge
ID ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT; PROTECTED AREAS; RESOURCE USERS; KNOWLEDGE;
CONSERVATION; FISHERIES; COMMUNITY; POLITICS; FISH; DEPLETION
AB Marine historical ecology provides historic insights into past ocean ecosystems that are crucial to effectively confronting the declining health and resilience in marine ecosystems. A more 'peopled' approach to marine historical ecology is necessary, given the heightened emphasis on human dimensions in marine management. This study examined the historical ecology of Hawaiian coral reef ecosystems through oral histories of diverse ocean experts, representing six traditional, local, and scientific knowledge systems. Based on 61 in-depth interviews with these ocean experts, historical trends, abundance, and distribution over 80 years and a 50-mile region for 271 species emerged. Analyzing trends by ecological guild, e. g., herbivores, proved inappropriate to these data; rather, based on qualitative analyses, five distinct trends encompassing nearly all species emerged in what we term "social-ecological guilds." Ocean expert's observations of change were surprisingly consistent, regardless of their knowledge system, whereas perceptions of change varied widely. The historical picture was far broader and richer when the contributions of six knowledge systems were incorporated, compared to that of any one alone. Social-ecological guilds also matter critically from a management perspective, because understanding how experts from a multiplicity of perspectives observe, interpret, and respond to ecological change can help managers anticipate responses to management activities and perhaps to design better management strategies.
C1 [Shackeroff, Janna M.] Int Coordinator NOAA Coral Reef Conservat Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Crowder, Larry B.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Durham, NC 27706 USA.
RP Shackeroff, JM (reprint author), Int Coordinator NOAA Coral Reef Conservat Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RI Campbell, Lisa/C-3448-2012
FU Marine Conservation Biology Institute; Oak Foundation; Duke Center for
Marine Conservation; Morris K. Udall Foundation
FX We would like to thank E. W. Glazier, M. K. Orbach, and C. Severance for
their guidance in this research; P. N. Shackeroff and C. M. Litton for
field and research assistance; and Z. Meletis, N. Gray, B. Haalboom, and
C. L. Carothers for their input. Support for this research came from the
Marine Conservation Biology Institute's Mia Tegner Grant in Historical
Ecology, Oak Foundation, Duke Center for Marine Conservation, and Morris
K. Udall Foundation Dissertation Fellowship in Environmental Policy and
Conflict Resolution.
NR 63
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 3
U2 25
PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE
PI WOLFVILLE
PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA
SN 1708-3087
J9 ECOL SOC
JI Ecol. Soc.
PY 2011
VL 16
IS 1
AR 52
PG 20
WC Ecology; Environmental Studies
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 744FV
UT WOS:000289081200001
ER
PT J
AU Pittman, SJ
Kneib, RT
Simenstad, CA
AF Pittman, Simon J.
Kneib, Ronald T.
Simenstad, Charles A.
TI Practicing coastal seascape ecology
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE Landscape ecology; Seascapes; Spatial pattern; Spatial planning
ID LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; ENVIRONMENT; MOVEMENTS; SURVIVAL; HABITATS; GROWTH;
FISH
AB Landscape ecology concepts developed from terrestrial systems have recently emerged as theoretical and analytical frameworks that are equally useful for evaluating the ecological consequences of spatial patterns and structural changes in the submerged landscapes of coastal ecosystems. The benefits of applying a spatially-explicit perspective to resource management and restoration planning in the coastal zone are rapidly becoming apparent. This Theme Section on the application of landscape ecology to the estuarine and coastal environment emerged from a special symposium at the Coastal and Estuarine Research Federation (CERF) 20th Biennial Conference (Estuaries and Coasts in a Changing World) held in Portland, Oregon, USA, in November 2009. The 7 contributions in this Theme Section collectively provide substantial insights into the current status and application of the landscape approach in shallow marine environments, and identify significant knowledge gaps, as well as potential directions for the future advancement of 'seascape ecology'.
C1 [Pittman, Simon J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Biogeog Branch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Pittman, Simon J.] Univ Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine Sci, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA.
[Kneib, Ronald T.] Univ Georgia, Inst Marine, Sapelo Isl, GA 31327 USA.
[Kneib, Ronald T.] RTK Consulting Serv, Hillsboro, NM 88042 USA.
[Simenstad, Charles A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Pittman, SJ (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Biogeog Branch, 1305 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM simon.pittman@noaa.gov
FU Georgia Sea Grant College; National Science Foundation
FX S.J.P. is grateful to the NOAA Biogeography Branch and Coral Reef
Conservation Program for supporting seascape ecology research. R. T. K.
is grateful for financial support of the Georgia Sea Grant College
Program and the National Science Foundation, which funded his research
into the application of landscape concepts to salt marsh seascapes, and
to the UGA President's Venture Fund which provided travel support to
co-host the symposium on seascape ecology at the November 2009 CERF
conference, on which this Theme Section is based.
NR 21
TC 38
Z9 39
U1 8
U2 50
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PY 2011
VL 427
BP 187
EP 190
DI 10.3354/meps09139
PG 4
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA 749SM
UT WOS:000289489800015
ER
PT J
AU Wedding, LM
Lepczyk, CA
Pittman, SJ
Friedlander, AM
Jorgensen, S
AF Wedding, Lisa M.
Lepczyk, Christopher A.
Pittman, Simon J.
Friedlander, Alan M.
Jorgensen, Stacy
TI Quantifying seascape structure: extending terrestrial spatial pattern
metrics to the marine realm
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE Seascape ecology; Landscape indices; Landscape metrics; Seascape
structure; Spatial pattern metrics; Spatial scale
ID FISH SPECIES RICHNESS; ROCKY BENTHIC COMMUNITIES; BOOSTED REGRESSION
TREES; REMOTE-SENSING DATA; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; REEF FISH; SEAGRASS
LANDSCAPES; ENVIRONMENT; DIVERSITY; DYNAMICS
AB Spatial pattern metrics have routinely been applied to characterize and quantify structural features of terrestrial landscapes and have demonstrated great utility in landscape ecology and conservation planning. The important role of spatial structure in ecology and management is now commonly recognized, and recent advances in marine remote sensing technology have facilitated the application of spatial pattern metrics to the marine environment. However, it is not yet clear whether concepts, metrics, and statistical techniques developed for terrestrial ecosystems are relevant for marine species and seascapes. To address this gap in our knowledge, we reviewed, synthesized, and evaluated the utility and application of spatial pattern metrics in the marine science literature over the past 30 yr (1980 to 2010). In total, 23 studies characterized seascape structure, of which 17 quantified spatial patterns using a 2-dimensional patch-mosaic model and 5 used a continuously varying 3-dimensional surface model. Most seascape studies followed terrestrial-based studies in their search for ecological patterns and applied or modified existing metrics. Only 1 truly unique metric was found (hydrodynamic aperture applied to Pacific atolls). While there are still relatively few studies using spatial pattern metrics in the marine environment, they have suffered from similar misuse as reported for terrestrial studies, such as the lack of a priori considerations or the problem of collinearity between metrics. Spatial pattern metrics offer great potential for ecological research and environmental management in marine systems, and future studies should focus on (1) the dynamic boundary between the land and sea; (2) quantifying 3-dimensional spatial patterns; and (3) assessing and monitoring seascape change.
C1 [Wedding, Lisa M.; Jorgensen, Stacy] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Wedding, Lisa M.; Pittman, Simon J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Biogeog Branch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Lepczyk, Christopher A.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Pittman, Simon J.] Univ Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine Sci, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA.
[Friedlander, Alan M.] US Geol Survey, Hawaii Cooperat Fisheries Res Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
RP Wedding, LM (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geog, Saunders Hall 445, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
EM wedding@hawaii.edu
FU National Science Foundation [BCS-1003871]; NOAA's Biogeography Branch;
Coral Reef Conservation Program
FX This research was supported by a National Science Foundation
Dissertation Improvement Grant BCS-1003871, NOAA's Biogeography Branch,
and the Coral Reef Conservation Program.
NR 86
TC 33
Z9 33
U1 7
U2 54
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PY 2011
VL 427
BP 219
EP 232
DI 10.3354/meps09119
PG 14
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA 749SM
UT WOS:000289489800017
ER
PT J
AU Santos, RO
Lirman, D
Serafy, JE
AF Santos, Rolando O.
Lirman, Diego
Serafy, Joseph E.
TI Quantifying freshwater-induced fragmentation of submerged aquatic
vegetation communities using a multi-scale landscape ecology approach
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE Submerged aquatic vegetation; Seagrass; Landscape ecology; Seascape
structure; Salinity patterns; Water-quality influences; Habitat
fragmentation; Everglades restoration
ID EELGRASS ZOSTERA-MARINA; JUVENILE REEF FISH; SOUTH BISCAYNE BAY;
SEAGRASS LANDSCAPES; FLORIDA BAY; SCALING RELATIONS; SPATIAL-PATTERNS;
CHANGING SCALE; PATCH DYNAMICS; NORTH-CAROLINA
AB Species composition and abundance of nearshore submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) of Biscayne Bay, Florida, USA, are influenced by pulsed delivery of fresh water from canals that drain the Everglades and adjacent urban and agricultural areas. In the present study, we evaluated whether freshwater inflows were correlated with the spatial structure (e. g. patchiness, fragmentation, spatial heterogeneity) of SAV. SAV patches were delineated using aerial photographs and object-based classification, and the SAV seascape structure was characterized at different spatial scales (200 m to 1 km from shore) using landscape metrics. The area closest to shore (200 m buffer) was identified as the area with the highest heterogeneity in SAV seascape structure; areas beyond this buffer did not differ significantly in landscape metrics. Within the 200 m buffer, SAV seascapes clustered into continuous SAV structures (CSS) and fragmented SAV structures (FSS). CSS had a higher proportion of the benthos covered by larger SAV patches with simpler boundaries. FSS had a higher density of smaller SAV patches with complex shapes and a lower proportion of the substrate covered by SAV patches. Neither structure type was distributed randomly along the shoreline. CSS were prevalent in areas with high and stable salinity. FSS were prevalent in areas influenced by freshwater discharges where salinity is low and variable, highlighting how the pulsed release of fresh water may adversely influence the structure of SAV seascapes, potentially resulting in fragmentation of the benthic community. Thus, this seascape approach provides a tool to assess the influences and effectiveness of the Everglades Restoration Project in Biscayne Bay.
C1 [Santos, Rolando O.; Lirman, Diego; Serafy, Joseph E.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Serafy, Joseph E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Santos, RO (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM rsantos@rsmas.miami.edu
FU NOAA; US Department of the Interior's Critical Ecosystem Studies
Initiative; RECOVER Monitoring and Assessment Program; Army Corps of
Engineers; McKnight Doctoral Fellowship Program; NOAA's Living Marine
Resources Cooperative Science Center
FX Funding for this study was provided by NOAA's National Geodetic Survey
(D. L.), the US Department of the Interior's Critical Ecosystem Studies
Initiative (D. L.), the RECOVER Monitoring and Assessment Program (MAP;
D. L. and J.E.S.), the Army Corps of Engineers (D. L. and J.E.S.), the
McKnight Doctoral Fellowship Program (R.O.S.), and NOAA's Living Marine
Resources Cooperative Science Center (R.O.S.). The manuscript benefited
from comments by S. Purkis, E. Hochberg, and S. Pittman.
NR 82
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 6
U2 34
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PY 2011
VL 427
BP 233
EP 246
DI 10.3354/meps08996
PG 14
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA 749SM
UT WOS:000289489800018
ER
PT J
AU Hitt, S
Pittman, SJ
Nemeth, RS
AF Hitt, Steven
Pittman, Simon J.
Nemeth, Richard S.
TI Diel movements of fishes linked to benthic seascape structure in a
Caribbean coral reef ecosystem
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE Seascape ecology; Spatial pattern; Acoustic tracking; Home range; Fish
movements
ID MANGROVE-SEAGRASS ECOTONE; SOUTHWESTERN PUERTO-RICO; TAKE MARINE
RESERVE; HABITAT USE; HOME-RANGE; HAEMULON-FLAVOLINEATUM; SNAPPERS
LUTJANIDAE; FEEDING HABITATS; ANIMAL MOVEMENT; PATTERNS
AB Many common fishes associated with Caribbean coral reef ecosystems use resources from more than 1 patch type during routine daily foraging activities. Few studies have provided direct evidence of connectivity across seascapes, and the importance of benthic seascape structure on movement behavior is poorly known. To address this knowledge gap, we coupled hydro-acoustic technology to track fish with seafloor mapping and pattern analysis techniques from landscape ecology to quantify seascape structure. Bluestriped grunts Haemulon sciurus and schoolmaster snapper Lutjanus apodus were tracked over 24 h periods using boat-based acoustic telemetry. Movement pathways, and day and night activity spaces were mapped using geographical information system (GIS) tools, and seafloor structure within activity spaces was mapped from high-resolution aerial photography and quantified using spatial pattern metrics. For both fish species, night activity spaces were significantly larger than day activity spaces. Fish exhibited a daytime preference for seascapes with aggregate coral reef and colonized bedrock, then shifted to night activity spaces with lower-complexity soft sediment including sand, seagrass, and scattered coral/rock. Movement path complexity was negatively correlated with seascape complexity. This demonstrates direct connectivity across multiple patch types and represents the first study to apply quantitative landscape ecology techniques to examine the movement ecology of marine fish. The spatially explicit approach facilitates understanding to the linkages between biological processes and the heterogeneity of the landscape. Such studies are essential for identifying ecologically relevant spatial scales, delineating essential fish habitat and designing marine protected areas.
C1 [Hitt, Steven; Pittman, Simon J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Biogeog Branch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Hitt, Steven; Pittman, Simon J.; Nemeth, Richard S.] Univ Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine & Environm Studies, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA.
RP Pittman, SJ (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Biogeog Branch, 1305 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM simon.pittman@noaa.gov
FU NOAA
FX This research was supported by a NOAA cooperative agreement with the
University of the Virgin Islands. We thank the staff of the Biogeography
Branch and M. Monaco at NOAA's Center for Coastal Monitoring and
Assessment for providing tracking equipment and technical support; J.
Blondeau of the Center for Marine and Environmental Studies for GIS
assistance; the US National Park Service for permission to operate
within the St. John National Park; and H. Hitt and UVI volunteers who
assisted with fish tracking. We also extend our gratitude to 4 anonymous
reviewers for extensive comments that helped in the refinement of this
manuscript. This is contribution no. 62 from University of the Virgin
Islands' Center for Marine and Environmental Studies.
NR 72
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 5
U2 64
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PY 2011
VL 427
BP 275
EP 291
DI 10.3354/meps09093
PG 17
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA 749SM
UT WOS:000289489800021
ER
PT J
AU Sivakumar, M
Bessemoulin, P
Peterson, TC
Asrar, G
AF Sivakumar, Mannava
Bessemoulin, Pierre
Peterson, Thomas C.
Asrar, Ghassem
TI Changing climate and demands for sustainable development PREFACE
SO CLIMATE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Editorial Material
DE Climate change; Sustainable development; Climate products and services
AB In order to meet the multi-faceted challenges of climate variability and climate change, there is a need for wise and well-informed decision-making at every level. Those who make these decisions require the best possible climate science and information. The 14 articles in this CR Special represent a synthesis of the requirements of society for climate information, products and services to support adaptation to climate variability and change, as well as for sustainable development.
C1 [Sivakumar, Mannava; Asrar, Ghassem] World Meteorol Org, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
[Bessemoulin, Pierre] Meteo France, Paris, France.
[Peterson, Thomas C.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
RP Sivakumar, M (reprint author), World Meteorol Org, 7Bid,Ave Paix,Case Postale 2300, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
EM msivakumar@wmo.int
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0936-577X
J9 CLIM RES
JI Clim. Res.
PY 2011
VL 47
IS 1-2
BP 3
EP 4
DI 10.3354/cr00998
PG 2
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 745YN
UT WOS:000289207700002
ER
PT J
AU Peterson, TC
Baddour, O
AF Peterson, Thomas C.
Baddour, Omar
TI Towards an enhanced climate system monitoring: challenges and
perspectives
SO CLIMATE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Climate; Climate monitoring; Monitoring needs
AB Climate system monitoring is more involved than just launching a new satellite and tracking the ensuing data. The most valuable data are those needed to observe essential climate variables. The data also need to go through a well-defined process, transforming the raw data into climate data records to help ensure that the information derived from these records accurately depicts how the climate is changing. A key aspect of any strategy for improving global climate system monitoring is enhancing the international exchange of climate data. The benefit of this often becomes clear as meteorological services in countries around the world improve the climate information they provide by putting it in the context of larger scale, cross-border climate signals.
C1 [Peterson, Thomas C.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Center, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
[Baddour, Omar] World Meteorol Org, CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland.
RP Peterson, TC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Center, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
EM thomas.c.peterson@noaa.gov
NR 16
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 5
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0936-577X
J9 CLIM RES
JI Clim. Res.
PY 2011
VL 47
IS 1-2
BP 21
EP 28
DI 10.3354/cr00951
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 745YN
UT WOS:000289207700005
ER
PT J
AU Graham, RJ
Yun, WT
Kim, J
Kumar, A
Jones, D
Bettio, L
Gagnon, N
Kolli, RK
Smith, D
AF Graham, R. J.
Yun, W. -T.
Kim, J.
Kumar, A.
Jones, D.
Bettio, L.
Gagnon, N.
Kolli, R. K.
Smith, D.
TI Long-range forecasting and the Global Framework for Climate Services
SO CLIMATE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE WMO; Long-range forecasts; Global Producing Centres; GPC; Global
Framework for Climate Services; GFCS; Lead Centres; Seasonal forecasts;
Decadal prediction
AB We describe the progress in the international coordination of long-range forecasting fostered by the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO), specifically for the seasonal to interannual timescale. Coordination has been achieved through the creation of new infrastructure, notably 11 Global Producing Centres (GPCs) for long-range forecasts, and definition of operational standards in forecast output and associated material. Examples discussed show improvements to the integration, usefulness and operational delivery of long-range forecast products to the world-wide climate community. Products are in wide use, and cover both predictive information, up to 6 mo ahead, and verification information indicating forecast quality. Proposals for future expansions of the role of GPCs are discussed, with a view to addressing the challenges presented by the development of the Global Framework for Climate Services. In particular, implementation of regular WMO-coordinated Global Seasonal Climate Updates is proposed, to provide authoritative, readily accessible advice on the state of the global climate and prospects for the next season. In addition we argue that the skill benefits provided by decadal-range predictions initialised with the observed climate state, relative to uninitialised (IPCC-type) predictions, are sufficient to begin similar international coordination in multi-annual-to-decadal prediction, through extending the role of those GPCs that are developing decadal-prediction capability.
C1 [Graham, R. J.; Smith, D.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England.
[Yun, W. -T.; Kim, J.] Korea Meteorol Adm, Seoul 156726, South Korea.
[Kumar, A.] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Jones, D.; Bettio, L.] Australian Bur Meteorol, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia.
[Gagnon, N.] Meteorol Serv Canada, Dorval, PQ H9P 1J3, Canada.
[Kolli, R. K.] World Meteorol Org, Climate & Water Dept, Climate Predict & Adaptat Branch, CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland.
RP Graham, RJ (reprint author), Met Off Hadley Ctr, FitzRoy Rd, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England.
EM richard.graham@metoffice.gov.uk
RI Graham, Richard/O-8846-2015
NR 9
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 10
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0936-577X
J9 CLIM RES
JI Clim. Res.
PY 2011
VL 47
IS 1-2
BP 47
EP 55
DI 10.3354/cr00963
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 745YN
UT WOS:000289207700008
ER
PT J
AU Herzfeld, M
Schmidt, M
Griffies, SM
Liang, Z
AF Herzfeld, M.
Schmidt, M.
Griffies, S. M.
Liang, Z.
TI Realistic test cases for limited area ocean modelling
SO OCEAN MODELLING
LA English
DT Review
DE Modelling; Mathematical modelling; Boundary conditions; Open boundary
conditions; Radiation conditions
ID OPEN BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; PRIMITIVE EQUATION MODEL; CIRCULATION MODELS;
TROPICAL CYCLONES; NUMERICAL-MODELS; INVERSE ESTUARY; SOUTH-AUSTRALIA;
BALTIC SEA; PART I; SHELF
AB The applicability of Modular Ocean Model version 4 (MOM4p1) as a code base to study regional physical oceanographic phenomena is presented, highlighting features recently implemented for use in limited area domains. Central to the successful operation of limited area model applications are the inclusion of a comprehensive suite of open boundary conditions, turbulence closure and vertical discretization. The open boundary problem, in particular, is considered and we present the open boundary condition implementation and performance in limited area model configurations corresponding to three realistic test cases. These tests represent typical configurations the physical oceanographer may encounter, and consist of (1) a coastal shelf model application where a two-tiered model configuration is used for down-scaling from a coarse grid model to supply sufficiently resolved boundary values for active cross-shelf open boundaries of a regional model; (2) tidal response of a gulf with one open boundary across the mouth of the gulf; (3) response of a coastal region to the passage of a tropical cyclone, where the open boundaries behave in primarily a passive capacity. Although the code base used in the test cases is MOM4p1, emphasis is placed on general features of the tests that are necessary for the scientific and operational use of any limited area model, hence key findings may be applied to limited area models in general. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Herzfeld, M.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
[Schmidt, M.] Leibniz Inst Balt Sea Res, D-18119 Rostock, Germany.
[Liang, Z.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, HPTI, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
RP Herzfeld, M (reprint author), CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
EM mike.herzfeld@csiro.au
NR 92
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 2
U2 13
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1463-5003
J9 OCEAN MODEL
JI Ocean Model.
PY 2011
VL 37
IS 1-2
BP 1
EP 34
DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2010.12.008
PG 34
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography
GA 746UL
UT WOS:000289273100001
ER
PT J
AU Bronnimann, S
Compo, GP
Spadin, R
Allan, R
Adam, W
AF Broennimann, S.
Compo, G. P.
Spadin, R.
Allan, R.
Adam, W.
TI Early ship-based upper-air data and comparison with the Twentieth
Century Reanalysis
SO CLIMATE OF THE PAST
LA English
DT Article
ID PROJECT
AB Extension of 3-D atmospheric data products back into the past is desirable for a wide range of applications. Historical upper-air data are important in this endeavour, particularly in the maritime regions of the tropics and the southern hemisphere, where observations are extremely sparse. Here we present newly digitized and re-evaluated early ship-based upper-air data from two cruises: (1) kite and registering balloon profiles from onboard the ship SMS Planet on a cruise from Europe around South Africa and across the Indian Ocean to the western Pacific in 1906/1907, and (2) ship-based radiosonde data from onboard the MS Schwabenland on a cruise from Europe across the Atlantic to Antarctica and back in 1938/1939. We describe the data and provide estimations of the errors. We compare the data with a recent reanalysis (the Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project, 20CR, Compo et al., 2011) that provides global 3-D data back to the 19th century based on an assimilation of surface pressure data only (plus monthly mean sea-surface temperatures). In cruise (1), the agreement is generally good, but large temperature differences appear during a period with a strong inversion. In cruise (2), after a subset of the data are corrected, close agreement between observations and 20CR is found for geopotential height (GPH) and temperature notwithstanding a likely cold bias of 20CR at the tropopause level. Results are considerably worse for relative humidity, which was reportedly inaccurately measured. Note that comparing 20CR, which has limited skill in the tropical regions, with measurements from ships in remote regions made under sometimes difficult conditions can be considered a worst case assessment. In view of that fact, the anomaly correlations for temperature of 0.3-0.6 in the lower troposphere in cruise (1) and of 0.5-0.7 for tropospheric temperature and GPH in cruise (2) are considered as promising results. Moreover, they are consistent with the error estimations. The results suggest room for further improvement of data products in remote regions.
C1 [Broennimann, S.; Spadin, R.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland.
[Broennimann, S.] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
[Broennimann, S.] Univ Bern, Inst Geog, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
[Compo, G. P.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Compo, G. P.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
[Allan, R.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, ACRE, Exeter, Devon, England.
[Adam, W.] Meteorol Observ Lindenberg, DWD, Lindenberg, Germany.
RP Bronnimann, S (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland.
EM stefan.broennimann@giub.unibe.ch
OI COMPO, GILBERT/0000-0001-5199-9633; Bronnimann,
Stefan/0000-0001-9502-7991
FU Swiss National Science Foundation [PP002-120871/1]; US Department of
Energy, Office of Science Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on
Theory and Experiment (DOE INCITE); Office of Biological and
Environmental Research (BER); National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration Climate Program Office; Office of Science of the US
Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-AC05-00OR22725]
FX The work was funded through the Swiss National Science Foundation
(PP002-120871/1). We wish to acknowledge COST Action "HOME" and the ACRE
initiative (Atmospheric Circulation Reconstructions over the Earth) as
well as MeteoSwiss for providing data from Santis and Jungfraujoch.
Support for the Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project dataset is provided
by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science Innovative and Novel
Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment (DOE INCITE) program, and
Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER), and by the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office.
The Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project used resources of the National
Energy Research Scientific Computing Center and of the National Center
for Computational Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which are
supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under
Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725,
respectively.
NR 19
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 3
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1814-9324
J9 CLIM PAST
JI Clim. Past.
PY 2011
VL 7
IS 1
BP 265
EP 276
DI 10.5194/cp-7-265-2011
PG 12
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 743CC
UT WOS:000288992700020
ER
PT J
AU Rahman, A
Kogan, F
Roytman, L
Goldberg, M
Guo, W
AF Rahman, A.
Kogan, F.
Roytman, L.
Goldberg, M.
Guo, W.
TI Modelling and prediction of malaria vector distribution in Bangladesh
from remote-sensing data
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
ID EAST-AFRICAN HIGHLANDS; EPIDEMICS; SURVEILLANCE
AB Epidemic malaria cases and satellite-based vegetation health (VH) indices were investigated to be used as predictors of malaria vector activities in Bangladesh. The VH indices were derived from radiances, measured by the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) afternoon polar orbiting satellites. Two indices characterizing moisture and thermal conditions were investigated using correlation and regression analysis applied to the number of malaria cases recorded in the entire Bangladesh region and three administrative divisions (Chittagong, Sylhet and Dhaka) during 1992-2001. It is shown that during the cooler months (November to March), when mosquitoes are less active, the correlation between number of malaria cases and two investigated indices was near zero. From April, when the mosquito activity season starts, the correlation increased, reaching a maximum value of 0.5-0.8 by the middle of the high season (June to July), reducing thereafter to zero by the beginning of the cool season in November. Following these results, regressional equations for the number of malaria cases as a function of VH indices were built and tested independently. They showed that, in the main malaria administrative division (Chittagong) and the entire Bangladesh region, the regressional equations can be used for early prediction of malaria development.
C1 [Rahman, A.; Roytman, L.] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA.
[Kogan, F.; Goldberg, M.] NOAA NESDIS, Bethesda, MD 20746 USA.
RP Rahman, A (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA.
EM fmatiq@yahoo.com
RI Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010; Goldberg, Mitch/F-5589-2010; Guo,
Wei/E-7934-2011
OI Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X; Guo, Wei/0000-0003-3253-9441
FU National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service (NESDIS)
[NA07NES4280009]
FX This study is supported by National Environmental Satellite Data and
Information Service (NESDIS) award no. NA07NES4280009. The statements
contained in this article are not the opinions of the funding agency or
the USA government, but reflect the opinions of the authors.
NR 42
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 3
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0143-1161
J9 INT J REMOTE SENS
JI Int. J. Remote Sens.
PY 2011
VL 32
IS 5
BP 1233
EP 1251
DI 10.1080/01431160903527447
PG 19
WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
GA 739DN
UT WOS:000288693800002
ER
PT J
AU Song, HJ
Ji, RB
Stock, C
Kearney, K
Wang, ZL
AF Song, Hongjun
Ji, Rubao
Stock, Charles
Kearney, Kelly
Wang, Zongling
TI Interannual variability in phytoplankton blooms and plankton
productivity over the Nova Scotian Shelf and in the Gulf of Maine
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE Phytoplankton bloom; Interannual variability; Modeling; Nova Scotian
Shelf; Gulf of Maine
ID GEORGES BANK REGION; SURFACE HEAT-FLUX; FISH PRODUCTION; OCEAN SURFACE;
DYNAMIC-MODEL; GROWTH-RATE; ATLANTIC; SEA; TEMPERATURE; RADIATION
AB A 1D ecosystem model, driven by surface heat and wind forcing and relaxed toward observed salinity profiles, was applied to simulate the interannual and decadal scale variability of phytoplankton blooms and plankton production from 1984 to 2007 in the Nova Scotian Shelf (NSS) and Gulf of Maine (GoM) region. The model captured the mean observed timing and magnitude of the spring (SPB) and fall phytoplankton bloom (FPB) in both systems, as well as observed interannual variations in SPB peak timing. Model simulations for both the GoM and NSS exhibited marked interannual variability in SPB and FPB timing (+/- 2 to 3 wk) and magnitude (up to similar to 1 mg chlorophyll m(-3)). Earlier SPBs and delayed FPBs are linked to enhanced water column stability generated by less saline surface water or sharper salinity gradients over the top 50 m of the water column. The modeled variation in annual primary productivity, mesozooplankton productivity, and particle export flux was modest (< 10% of the mean). Years with high primary production were weakly associated with early SPBs (GoM: r = -0.205; NSS: r = -0.51), but there was no significant relationship with water column stability. This suggests that variation in annual productivity in the GoM and NSS reflects a combination of variation in light limitation (which is alleviated by increased water column stability) and nutrient limitation (which is exacerbated by increased water column stability) that offset and are of near equal importance when averaged over the year. Interannual variations in fisheries production due to changes in annual productivity are thus likely secondary to profound shifts in fisheries recruitment and production that have been linked to variations in SPB and FPB timing.
C1 [Song, Hongjun; Ji, Rubao] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Song, Hongjun; Wang, Zongling] SOA, Key Lab Sci & Engn Marine Ecol Environm, Inst Oceanog 1, Qingdao 266061, Peoples R China.
[Ji, Rubao] Shanghai Ocean Univ, Marine Ecosyst & Environm Lab, Coll Marine Sci, Inst Marine Sci, Shanghai 201306, Peoples R China.
[Stock, Charles] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
[Kearney, Kelly] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
RP Ji, RB (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM rji@whoi.edu
RI Stock, Charles/H-1281-2012; Kearney, Kelly/A-8673-2014; Ji,
Rubao/I-1970-2015;
OI Kearney, Kelly/0000-0002-6152-5236; Ji, Rubao/0000-0002-8839-5427;
Stock, Charles/0000-0001-9549-8013
FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0727033, 0815838]; National Key Basic
Research Program of China (973 Program) [2010CB428703]; China
Scholarship Council (CSC) government; Shanghai Ocean University
[A-2302-10-0003]; Shanghai Municipal Education Commission [J50702]
FX This study was supported by National Science Foundation grants
OCE-0727033 and 0815838 provided to R.J., National Key Basic Research
Program of China (973 Program) grant 2010CB428703 provided to Z.W., and
a China Scholarship Council (CSC) government-sponsored graduate
scholarship provided to H. S. This work was partially supported by the
Shanghai Ocean University Program for International Cooperation
(A-2302-10-0003), and the Leading Academic Discipline Project of
Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (J50702). NCEP Reanalysis data
were provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from
their website at www.cdc.noaa.gov/.
NR 61
TC 10
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 17
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
EI 1616-1599
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PY 2011
VL 426
BP 105
EP U133
DI 10.3354/meps09002
PG 19
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA 742ZO
UT WOS:000288984400008
ER
PT J
AU Siddon, EC
Duffy-Anderson, JT
Mueter, FJ
AF Siddon, Elizabeth C.
Duffy-Anderson, Janet T.
Mueter, Franz J.
TI Community-level response of fish larvae to environmental variability in
the southeastern Bering Sea
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE Larval fish; Southeastern Bering Sea; Community structure; Walleye
pollock; Theragra chalcogramma; Environmental variability
ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WALLEYE POLLOCK;
ICHTHYOPLANKTON ASSEMBLAGES; GADUS-MACROCEPHALUS; NORTHEAST PACIFIC;
TEMPORAL PATTERNS; MARINE FISH; EASTERN; SHELF
AB Oceanographic conditions in the southeastern Bering Sea are affected by large-scale climatic drivers (e.g. Pacific Decadal Oscillation, Aleutian Low Pressure System). Ecosystem changes in response to climate variability should be monitored, as the Bering Sea supports the largest commercial fishery in the USA (walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma). This analysis examined shifts in larval fish community composition in the southeastern Bering Sea in response to environmental variability across both warm and cold periods. Larvae were sampled in spring (May) during 5 cruises between 2002 and 2008 using oblique 60 cm bongo tows. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) was used to quantify variability and reduce multi-species abundance data to major modes of species composition. Generalized additive models (GAMs) characterized spatial and temporal differences in assemblage structure as a function of environmental covariates. We identified a strong cross-shelf gradient delineating slope and shelf assemblages, an influence of water masses from the Gulf of Alaska on species composition, and the importance of nearshore areas for larval fish. Species assemblages differed between warm and cold periods, and larval abundances were generally greater in warm years. High abundances of walleye pollock in warm years contributed most to differences in Unimak Pass, outer domain, and shelf areas (geographic areas in the study region defined based on bathymetry). Sebastes spp. contributed to differences over the slope with increased abundances in cold years. We propose that community-level patterns in larval fish composition may reflect species-specific responses to climate change and that early life stages may be primary indicators of environmental change.
C1 [Siddon, Elizabeth C.; Mueter, Franz J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
[Duffy-Anderson, Janet T.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, RACE Div, Recruitment Proc Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Ocean & Atmospher A, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Siddon, EC (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
EM ecsiddon@alaska.edu
FU NOAA; North Pacific Research Board (NPRB)
FX We thank the officers and crew of NOAA's RVs 'Miller Freeman' and 'Oscar
Dyson'. Funding was provided through NOAA's NPCREP and EcoFOCI programs,
as well as the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) Bering Sea Integrated
Ecosystem Research Program (BSIERP). We thank 3 anonymous reviewers for
providing helpful comments that improved the manuscript. This research
is contribution EcoFOCI-0759 to NOAA's Fisheries-Oceanography
Coordinated Investigations, NPRB 285, and BEST-BSIERP 17.
NR 54
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 12
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PY 2011
VL 426
BP 225
EP 239
DI 10.3354/meps09009
PG 15
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA 742ZO
UT WOS:000288984400017
ER
PT J
AU Duffy, WG
Bjorkstedt, EP
Ellings, CS
AF Duffy, Walter G.
Bjorkstedt, Eric P.
Ellings, Christopher S.
TI Predation on Juvenile Pacific Salmon Oncorhynchus spp. in Downstream
Migrant Traps in Prairie Creek, California
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID MARK-RECAPTURE ESTIMATION; COHO SALMON; CUTTHROAT TROUT; SMOLT
POPULATION; ATLANTIC SALMON; LIFE-HISTORY; SURVIVAL; KISUTCH;
WASHINGTON; HABITAT
AB Downstream migrant traps are a widely applied fishery management tool for sampling anadromous Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. and steelhead O. mykiss smolts along the West Coast of North America and elsewhere, yet predation on juvenile salmonids in traps has not been studied quantitatively. We assessed the frequency of occurrence and abundance of juvenile salmonids in the stomachs of coastal cutthroat trout O. clarkii clarkii, coho salmon O. kisutch, steelhead, and prickly sculpin Cottus asper (> 70 mm fork length) captured in traps and in nearby stream habitats. All four predator species took juvenile salmonids with much greater frequency in traps than in stream habitats. Among free-swimming predators, only coastal cutthroat trout were observed with salmonid fry in their stomachs, but they took fewer salmonid prey and appeared to rely more heavily on insect prey than did coastal cutthroat trout captured in traps. Predators consumed up to 25% of the available prey over a broad range of prey abundances. Over the course of the study, predators consumed 2.5% of all salmonid fry captured in traps, but this fraction ranged from less than 1% to more than 10% in any given year. The number of prey taken in traps increased with predator length and with prey abundance in traps, and predation in traps peaked during the period of most intense downstream migration by salmon fry. In contrast, live-box design and trap location had little or no effect on the total number of prey taken by individual predators. We estimated that the predation mortality of juvenile salmon increased by 0.5-1.0% due to in-trap predation (i.e., a 9-10% relative increase over natural predation rates). We found no evidence that predators selected for prey on the basis of species. These results should motivate additional research on methods that reduce or eliminate predation in trap live-boxes and protocols for efficiently measuring predation associated with the trapping of downstream migrants.
C1 [Duffy, Walter G.] Humboldt State Univ, US Geol Survey, Calif Cooperat Fish Res Unit, Arcata, CA 95521 USA.
[Bjorkstedt, Eric P.] Humboldt State Univ, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA.
[Bjorkstedt, Eric P.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Fisheries Biol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA.
[Ellings, Christopher S.] Nisqually Indian Tribe, Nat Resources, Olympia, WA 98513 USA.
RP Duffy, WG (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, US Geol Survey, Calif Cooperat Fish Res Unit, 1 Harpst St, Arcata, CA 95521 USA.
EM walter.duffy@humboldt.edu
FU Fisheries Ecology Division (National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries
Science Center); California Department of Fish and Game
FX We thank Bethany Reisburger for help with field data collection and
Rosemary Records for assistance with Figure 1. Barry Collins, Michael
Sparkman, Brian Spence, Tommy Williams, and several anonymous reviewers
provided comments that greatly improved the manuscript. Partial funding
for this research was provided by the Fisheries Ecology Division
(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine
Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center) and by the
California Department of Fish and Game. The use of trade or firm names
in this paper is for reader information only and does not imply
endorsement by the U.S. Government of any product or service. This is
Contribution Number 1028 of the Fisheries Ecology Division of the
National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center.
NR 41
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 6
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0275-5947
EI 1548-8675
J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE
JI North Am. J. Fish Manage.
PY 2011
VL 31
IS 1
BP 151
EP 164
DI 10.1080/02755947.2011.562752
PG 14
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 742QR
UT WOS:000288960000003
ER
PT J
AU Roman, S
Jacobson, N
Cadrin, SX
AF Roman, Sally
Jacobson, Nikki
Cadrin, Steven X.
TI Assessing the Reliability of Fisher Self-Sampling Programs
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID CATCH
AB The transition to catch share management for groundfish fisheries in the waters off the northeastern USA will require more monitoring than is presently obtained through traditional programs. Other types of at-sea reporting may be necessary to address data gaps and complement other sampling programs like the Northeast Fisheries Observer Program (NEFOP). Validation of fisher self-sampling programs, such as the study fleet program of the School for Marine Science and Technology (University of Massachusetts Dartmouth), provides another monitoring option to be used in conjunction with existing systems. In this paper, data from the study fleet program were compared with other fisheries-dependent data sources in the region. We tested for significant differences in catch at the trip, species, and haul levels by disposition (i.e., kept and discarded). Effort and length measurements for six commercial species were also analyzed. Catch results were mixed but similar for commercial species across comparisons. The study fleet program and NEFOP had consistent reporting in comparison with dealer landings, which are reported to the National Marine Fisheries Service by seafood dealers that are issued a federal permit to sell fish. For comparisons of catch at the haul level, there was a significant difference between NEFOP data and study fleet data; median differences were small, and the study fleet reported less catch. For commercial species, there was no significant difference in catch (except for kept catch) between the study fleet data and NEFOP data. Study fleet catch data were more comprehensive than logbook data (e.g., study fleet data included catch of bycatch species). Effort data from the study fleet were more accurate and precise than logbook data and were similar to NEFOP data. There was no statistical difference in length frequencies based on study fleet data and NEFOP data.
C1 [Roman, Sally; Cadrin, Steven X.] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, NOAA, Cooperat Marine Educ & Res Program, Fairhaven, MA 02719 USA.
RP Roman, S (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, NOAA, Cooperat Marine Educ & Res Program, 200 Mill Rd,Suite 325, Fairhaven, MA 02719 USA.
EM sroman@umassd.edu
FU Massachusetts Fisheries Recovery Commission; Massachusetts Marine
Fisheries Institute; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
[NA05NMF4721132, NA07NMF4720359]
FX We thank the New Bedford fishing vessels that have participated in the
study fleet project. Also, we thank the SMAST technicians and graduate
students who contributed work to the project, especially David Martins
and Crista Bank. The NEFSC study fleet program was a great source of
information and collaboration. Thanks are extended to Fred Serchuk and
other reviewers for their constructive reviews of the manuscript.
Funding for the project was provided by grants from the Massachusetts
Fisheries Recovery Commission, the Massachusetts Marine Fisheries
Institute, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NA05NMF4721132 and NA07NMF4720359).
NR 37
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0275-5947
J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE
JI North Am. J. Fish Manage.
PY 2011
VL 31
IS 1
BP 165
EP 175
DI 10.1080/02755947.2011.562798
PG 11
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 742QR
UT WOS:000288960000004
ER
PT J
AU Simien, CE
Brewer, SM
Tan, JN
Gillaspy, JD
Sansonetti, CJ
AF Simien, Clayton E.
Brewer, Samuel M.
Tan, Joseph N.
Gillaspy, John D.
Sansonetti, Craig J.
TI Progress at NIST in measuring the D-lines of Li isotopes using an
optical frequency synthesizer
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Precision Physics of Simple Atomic Systems
CY MAY 30-JUN 04, 2010
CL Ecole de Physique, Les Houches, FRANCE
HO Ecole de Physique
ID HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; RESONANCE LINES; LITHIUM; SHIFTS; SPECTROSCOPY;
FINE
AB Precise spectroscopic experiments with light atoms can provide information about nuclear properties that are very difficult to obtain in electron scattering experiments. For example, relative nuclear radii of low-Z isotopes can be determined accurately from isotope shifts. Theory has attained sufficient accuracy to study exotic, short-lived halo nuclei by interpreting precise spectroscopic measurements. However, serious inconsistencies remain in the measured isotope shifts for the D1 and D2 lines of the stable isotopes (Li-6 and Li-7). The latest experiments, within the last decade, are in strong disagreement with each other and with theory. We report on the progress of a new experiment at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to measure these lithium D lines using an optical frequency comb. A preliminary result for the splitting isotope shift (SIS) is presented.
C1 [Simien, Clayton E.; Brewer, Samuel M.; Tan, Joseph N.; Gillaspy, John D.; Sansonetti, Craig J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Brewer, Samuel M.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Tan, JN (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM joseph.tan@nist.gov
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011
NR 11
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 3
PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0008-4204
J9 CAN J PHYS
JI Can. J. Phys.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 89
IS 1
BP 59
EP 62
DI 10.1139/P10-096
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 709XP
UT WOS:000286475000008
ER
PT J
AU Burns, TJ
Mates, SP
Rhorer, RL
Whitenton, EP
Basak, D
AF Burns, Timothy J.
Mates, Steven P.
Rhorer, Richard L.
Whitenton, Eric P.
Basak, Debasis
TI DYNAMIC PROPERTIES FOR MODELING AND SIMULATION OF MACHINING: EFFECT OF
PEARLITE TO AUSTENITE PHASE TRANSITION ON FLOW STRESS IN AISI 1075 STEEL
SO MACHINING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE AISI 1075 steel; high-speed machining; Johnson-Cook model;
split-Hopkinson pressure bar
ID MATERIAL BEHAVIOR; STRAIN; RATES; IDENTIFICATION; SPECIMENS
AB The Pulse-Heated Kolsky Bar Laboratory at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been developed for the measurement of dynamic properties of metals. With this system, a small sample can be pre-heated from room temperature to several hundred degrees C in less than a second, prior to rapid loading in compression at strain rates up to the order of 104 per second. A major focus of this research program has been on investigating the influence of the heating rate and time at temperature on the flow stress of carbon steels, for application to the modeling and simulation of high-speed machining operations. The unique pulse heating capability of the NIST Kolsky bar system enables flow stress measurements to be obtained under conditions that differ significantly from those in which the test specimens have been pre-heated to a high temperature more slowly, because there is less time for thermally activated microstructural processes such as dislocation annealing, grain growth, and solid state phase transformations to take place. New experimental results are presented on AISI 1075 pearlitic steel samples that were pulse-heated up to and beyond the austenite formation temperature of the material (723 degrees C). The data show that the flow stress decreased by about 50% due to a phase transformation in the microstructure of the material from the stronger pearlitic phase to the weaker austenitic phase. As a result, the constitutive response behavior of the material cannot be modeled by a fixed-parameter constitutive model, like the Johnson-Cook flow stress model that is widely used in computer simulations of high-speed machining processes.
C1 [Burns, Timothy J.; Mates, Steven P.; Rhorer, Richard L.; Whitenton, Eric P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Basak, Debasis] Orbital Sci Corp, Dulles, VA USA.
RP Burns, TJ (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8910, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM timothy.burns@nist.gov
NR 31
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 4
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1091-0344
EI 1532-2483
J9 MACH SCI TECHNOL
JI Mach. Sci. Technol.
PY 2011
VL 15
IS 1
BP 1
EP 20
AR PII 935125154
DI 10.1080/10910344.2011.557943
PG 20
WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA 738TR
UT WOS:000288665900001
ER
PT J
AU Mathai, PP
Berglund, AJ
Liddle, JA
Shapiro, BA
AF Mathai, Pramod P.
Berglund, Andrew J.
Liddle, J. Alexander
Shapiro, Benjamin A.
TI Simultaneous positioning and orientation of a single nano-object by flow
control: theory and simulations
SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID INDUCED-CHARGE ELECTROPHORESIS; TRAPPED MICROSCOPIC PARTICLES;
CONTROLLED ROTATION; METALLIC NANOWIRES; MULTIPLE PARTICLES; ARBITRARY
PARTICLE; STOKES RESISTANCE; BROWNIAN-MOTION; VISCOUS-FLUID;
MANIPULATION
AB In this paper, we theoretically describe a method to simultaneously control both the position and orientation of single nano-objects in fluids by precisely controlling the flow around them. We develop and simulate a control law that uses electro-osmotic flow (EOF) actuation to translate and rotate rigid nano-objects in two spatial dimensions. Using EOF to control nano-objects offers advantages as compared to other approaches: a wide class of objects can be manipulated (no magnetic or electric dipole moments are needed), the object can be controlled over a long range (>100 mu m) with sub-micrometer accuracy, and control may be achieved with simple polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) devices. We demonstrate the theory and numerical solutions that will enable deterministic control of the position and orientation of a nano-object in solution, which can be used, for example, to integrate nanostructures in circuits and orient sensors to probe living cells.
C1 [Mathai, Pramod P.; Berglund, Andrew J.; Liddle, J. Alexander] NIST, CNST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Mathai, Pramod P.] UMD, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Shapiro, Benjamin A.] UMD, Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Mathai, PP (reprint author), NIST, CNST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM pramod.mathai@nist.gov
RI Shapiro, Benjamin/H-6176-2011; Liddle, James/A-4867-2013
OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910
FU CNST-UMD
FX We thank Peter Carmichael, Gregg Gallatin and Jabez McClelland, all
affiliated with the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (CNST)
at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST),
Gaithersburg, MD, USA and Matthew McMahon at the Naval Surface Warfare
Center, West Bethesda, MD, USA (formerly at CNST), for stimulating
discussions. We are grateful to Klint Rose at Lawrence Livermore
National Labs, Livermore, CA, USA and Juan Santiago at Stanford
University, Stanford, CA, USA for helpful discussions on induced charge
electro-osmosis. We also acknowledge helpful discussions with Joseph
Hubbard at NIST, Gaithersburg, MD, USA on fluid dynamics of
nano-objects. The first author (PPM) was supported by the CNST-UMD
cooperative grant.
NR 45
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 9
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1367-2630
J9 NEW J PHYS
JI New J. Phys.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 13
AR 013027
DI 10.1088/1367-2630/13/1/013027
PG 27
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 741YK
UT WOS:000288903600027
ER
PT J
AU Pfister, GG
Parrish, DD
Worden, H
Emmons, LK
Edwards, DP
Wiedinmyer, C
Diskin, GS
Huey, G
Oltmans, SJ
Thouret, V
Weinheimer, A
Wisthaler, A
AF Pfister, G. G.
Parrish, D. D.
Worden, H.
Emmons, L. K.
Edwards, D. P.
Wiedinmyer, C.
Diskin, G. S.
Huey, G.
Oltmans, S. J.
Thouret, V.
Weinheimer, A.
Wisthaler, A.
TI Characterizing summertime chemical boundary conditions for airmasses
entering the US West Coast
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; MOZAIC AIRBORNE PROGRAM; MEXICO-CITY
EMISSIONS; AIR-QUALITY; OZONE POLLUTION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; NORTH-AMERICA;
BACKGROUND OZONE; SURFACE OZONE; MODEL
AB The objective of this study is to analyze the pollution inflow into California during summertime and how it impacts surface air quality through combined analysis of a suite of observations and global and regional models. The focus is on the transpacific pollution transport investigated by the NASA Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) mission in June 2008. Additional observations include satellite retrievals of carbon monoxide and ozone by the EOS Aura Tropospheric Emissions Spectrometer (TES), aircraft measurements from the MOZAIC program and ozonesondes. We compare chemical boundary conditions (BC) from the MOZART-4 global model, which are commonly used in regional simulations, with measured concentrations to quantify both the accuracy of the model results and the variability in pollution inflow. Both observations and model reflect a large variability in pollution inflow on temporal and spatial scales, but the global model captures only about half of the observed free tropospheric variability. Model tracer contributions show a large contribution from Asian emissions in the inflow. Recirculation of local US pollution can impact chemical BC, emphasizing the importance of consistency between the global model simulations used for BC and the regional model in terms of emissions, chemistry and transport. Aircraft measurements in the free troposphere over California show similar concentration ranges, variability and source contributions as free tropospheric air masses over ocean, but caution has to be taken that local pollution aloft is not misinterpreted as inflow. A flight route specifically designed to sample boundary conditions during ARCTAS-CARB showed a prevalence of plumes transported from Asia and thus may not be fully representative for average inflow conditions. Sensitivity simulations with a regional model with altered BCs show that the temporal variability in the pollution inflow does impact modeled surface concentrations in California. We suggest that time and space varying chemical boundary conditions from global models provide useful input to regional models, but likely still lead to an underestimate of peak surface concentrations and the variability associated with long-range pollution transport.
C1 [Pfister, G. G.; Worden, H.; Emmons, L. K.; Edwards, D. P.; Wiedinmyer, C.; Weinheimer, A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Parrish, D. D.; Oltmans, S. J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Diskin, G. S.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Chem & Dynam Branch, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Huey, G.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Thouret, V.] CNRS, Lab Aerol, Toulouse, France.
[Thouret, V.] Univ Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
[Wisthaler, A.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion Phys & Appl Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
RP Pfister, GG (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
EM pfister@ucar.edu
RI Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008; Emmons,
Louisa/R-8922-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Emmons, Louisa/0000-0003-2325-6212;
FU INSU-CNRS (France); Meteo-France; Forschungszentrum (FZJ, Julich,
Germany); NASA [NNX10AH45G, NNX08AD22G, NNX07AL57G]; National Science
Foundation
FX The authors like to acknowledge Ajith Kaduwela and Jeremy Avise (CARB)
for providing emission estimates for California and Stu McKeen (NOAA
ESRL) for support in using the EPA-NEI emissions inventory. We further
acknowledge Jean-Francois Lamarque and Anne Boynard for providing
valuable input to the manuscript. The authors further like to thank the
reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions. Acetonitrile
measurements were supported by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency
(FFG-ALR) and the Tiroler Zukunftstiftung and carried out with the
help/support of T. Mikoviny, M. Graus, A. Hansel and T. D. Maerk. The
authors acknowledge the strong support of the European Commission,
Airbus, and the Airlines (Lufthansa, Austrian, Air France) who carry
free of charge the MOZAIC equipment and perform the maintenance since
1994. MOZAIC is presently funded by INSU-CNRS (France), Meteo-France,
and Forschungszentrum (FZJ, Julich, Germany). The MOZAIC data based is
supported by ETHER (CNES and INSU-CNRS). The research was supported by
NASA grants NNX10AH45G, NNX08AD22G and NNX07AL57G. NCAR is operated by
the University Corporation of Atmospheric Research under sponsorship of
the National Science Foundation.
NR 59
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Z9 32
U1 2
U2 22
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 4
BP 1769
EP 1790
DI 10.5194/acp-11-1769-2011
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 727JW
UT WOS:000287795700026
ER
PT J
AU Lee, SS
AF Lee, S. S.
TI Dependence of aerosol-precipitation interactions on humidity in a
multiple-cloud system
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID DEEP CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; MICROPHYSICS PARAMETERIZATION; RESOLVING MODEL;
PART I; STORMS; SIMULATIONS; RADIATION; IMPACTS; SENSITIVITY; DYNAMICS
AB This study examines the dependence of aerosol-precipitation interactions on environmental humidity in a mesoscale cloud ensemble (MCE) which is composed of convective and stratiform clouds. The author found that increases in aerosol concentration enhance evaporative cooling, which raises not only the intensity of vorticity and entrainment but also that of downdrafts and low-level convergence. The increase in vorticity tends to suppress precipitation. The increase in low-level convergence tends to enhance precipitation by generating more secondary clouds in a muptiple-cloud system simulated here.
At high humidity, the effect of the increased vorticity on cloud-liquid mass and, thus, precipitation is outweighed by that of the increased low-level convergence. This leads to the precipitation enhancement induced by the increase in aerosol concentration. When humidity lowers to mid humidity, the effect of aerosol on low-level convergence still dominates that on entrainment, leading to the precipitation enhancement with the increased aerosol concentration. With the lowest humidity in the current work, the effect of aerosol on entrainment dominates that on low-level convergence, leading to the precipitation suppression with the increased aerosol concentration. Hence, there is not only a competition between the effect of evaporation on vorticity and that on low-level convergence at a given humidity level but also the variation of the competition with the varying humidity. This competition and variation are absent in a single-cloud system where the effect of low-level convergence on secondary clouds is absent. This exemplifies a difference in the mechanism which controls aerosol-precipitation interactions between a single-cloud system and a multiple-cloud system.
C1 NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Lee, SS (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
EM seoungl@umich.edu
RI Lee, Seoung Soo/H-5383-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
FU NOAA's Climate Goal
FX The author was funded by NOAA's Climate Goal. The author acknowledge the
excellent support of NOAA's High Performance Computing Center at the
Earth System Research Laboratory. Also, the author wish to thank Graham
Feingold for valuable discussions and review of the manuscript.
NR 50
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 4
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 5
BP 2179
EP 2196
DI 10.5194/acp-11-2179-2011
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 734VS
UT WOS:000288368900021
ER
PT J
AU Goldberg, DN
AF Goldberg, Daniel N.
TI A variationally derived, depth-integrated approximation to a
higher-order glaciological flow model
SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ICE-SHEET DYNAMICS; GLACIER; ANTARCTICA; SENSITIVITY; ALGORITHM; SHELF
AB An approximation to the first-order momentum balance with consistent boundary conditions is derived using variational methods. Longitudinal and lateral stresses are treated as depth-independent, but vertical velocity gradients are accounted for both in the nonlinear viscosity and in the treatment of basal stress, allowing for flow over a frozen bed. A numerical scheme is presented that is significantly less computationally expensive than that of a fully three-dimensional (3-D) solver. The numerical solver is subjected to the ISMIP-HOM experiments and experiments involving nonlinear sliding laws, and results are compared with those of 3-D models. The agreement with first-order surface velocities is favorable down to length scales of 10 km for flow over a flat bed with periodic basal traction, and similar to 40 km for flow over periodic basal topography.
C1 Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
RP Goldberg, DN (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
EM dgoldber@princeton.edu
FU Princeton AOS/GFDL fellowship
FX The author acknowledges the careful and insightful reviews of R.
Hindmarsh, S. Price, J. Dukowicz and scientific editor C. Schoof.
Additionally, O. Sergienko and D. Pollard gave helpful and insightful
comments on earlier versions. This work was supported by a Princeton
AOS/GFDL fellowship.
NR 30
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 3
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND
SN 0022-1430
EI 1727-5652
J9 J GLACIOL
JI J. Glaciol.
PY 2011
VL 57
IS 201
BP 157
EP 170
PG 14
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 736WT
UT WOS:000288526400015
ER
PT J
AU Migdall, AL
Degiovanni, IP
Cheung, JY
Polyakov, SV
Fan, JY
AF Migdall, Alan L.
Degiovanni, Ivo Pietro
Cheung, Jessica Y.
Polyakov, Sergey V.
Fan, Jingyun
TI Single-photon technologies
SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID SPECIAL-ISSUE; DETECTORS
C1 [Migdall, Alan L.; Polyakov, Sergey V.; Fan, Jingyun] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Degiovanni, Ivo Pietro] INRIM, Turin, Italy.
[Cheung, Jessica Y.] NPL, Teddington, Middx, England.
RP Migdall, AL (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Degiovanni, Ivo Pietro/F-2140-2013
OI Degiovanni, Ivo Pietro/0000-0003-0332-3115
NR 8
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 5
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0950-0340
J9 J MOD OPTIC
JI J. Mod. Opt.
PY 2011
VL 58
IS 3-4
BP 169
EP 173
AR PII 934680594
DI 10.1080/09500340.2011.558254
PG 5
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 733OQ
UT WOS:000288272500001
ER
PT J
AU Marino, AM
Lett, PD
AF Marino, Alberto M.
Lett, Paul D.
TI Absolute calibration of photodiodes with bright twin beams
SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 4th International Conference on Single Photon Technologies
CY NOV, 2009
CL Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO
HO Natl Inst Stand & Technol
DE detector calibration; metrology; quantum correlations; parametric down
conversion; four-wave mixing
ID PARAMETRIC DOWN-CONVERSION; SINGLE-PHOTON DETECTORS; QUANTUM-EFFICIENCY;
ANALOG DETECTORS; CORRELATED PHOTONS; DOWNCONVERSION; TIME
AB We present a scheme based on the use of bright entangled twin beams for the calibration of analog photodiodes, providing an extension of the schemes for calibrating photon-counting detectors with photon pairs. Previous proposals for the calibration of analog photodiodes with entangled beams are based on a stimulated parametric process operating in the low-gain regime. We start by showing that in those proposals it is necessary to know the exact value of the gain as any error in estimating it will lead to an error in the calibration of the quantum efficiency. We then introduce a technique that is independent of the gain, thus eliminating the uncertainty introduced from errors in estimating the gain or experimental fluctuations of parameters that affect the gain. A proof of principle implementation of this technique using bright twin beams obtained from a four-wave mixing process in rubidium vapor shows its viability for the calibration of analog photodiodes.
C1 [Marino, Alberto M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Marino, AM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM alberto.marino@nist.gov
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Marino, Alberto/C-7193-2013
NR 21
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 4
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0950-0340
J9 J MOD OPTIC
JI J. Mod. Opt.
PY 2011
VL 58
IS 3-4
BP 328
EP 336
AR PII 928124812
DI 10.1080/09500340.2010.519444
PG 9
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 733OQ
UT WOS:000288272500016
ER
PT J
AU Peckham, SH
Maldonado-Diaz, D
Tremblay, Y
Ochoa, R
Polovina, J
Balazs, G
Dutton, PH
Nichols, WJ
AF Hoyt Peckham, S.
Maldonado-Diaz, David
Tremblay, Yann
Ochoa, Ruth
Polovina, Jeffrey
Balazs, George
Dutton, Peter H.
Nichols, Wallace J.
TI Demographic implications of alternative foraging strategies in juvenile
loggerhead turtles Caretta caretta of the North Pacific Ocean
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE Demography; Ontogeny; Diet; Juvenile; Migration; Habitat use;
Utilization distributions
ID OLIVACEA SEA-TURTLES; BAJA-CALIFORNIA-SUR; MARINE TURTLES; LIFE-HISTORY;
BEHAVIORAL PLASTICITY; SATELLITE TELEMETRY; LEATHERBACK TURTLES; PELAGIC
HABITAT; FEEDING ECOLOGY; CHELONIA-MYDAS
AB To assess the potential demographic consequences of alternative juvenile foraging strategies in loggerhead sea turtles Caretta caretta, we compared habitat selection, movement, size frequency, and diet of juvenile loggerheads in neritic versus oceanic habitats of the North Pacific. Forty juveniles satellite-tracked from neritic habitat revealed utilization distributions 2 orders of magnitude smaller than those of 26 juveniles of the same size class tracked for similar durations from oceanic habitat. Oceanic juveniles traveled significantly further, faster and straighter, experienced lower sea surface temperature and productivity, and consumed prey of much lower energy density, strongly suggesting that the neritic foraging strategy is energetically favorable. These findings combined with those from other studies suggest that the neritic strategy would result in higher growth and eventually higher fecundity. Manipulation of a loggerhead demographic model indicated that small disadvantages in survivorship for neritic juveniles could balance the relatively large advantages in growth and fecundity of the neritic strategy. The oceanic strategy may persist as a slower but safer life history strategy. Our findings underscore the importance of elucidating variation in the ecology and corresponding vital rates of juveniles for modeling, managing, and conserving migratory megafaunal populations.
C1 [Hoyt Peckham, S.; Maldonado-Diaz, David; Ochoa, Ruth] Grp Tortuguero Californias, La Paz 23060, Baja Calif Sur, Mexico.
[Hoyt Peckham, S.; Tremblay, Yann] UC Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Tremblay, Yann] Ctr Rech Halieut Mediterraneenne & Tropicale CRH, IRD, UMR Exploited Marine Ecosyst EME 212, F-34203 Sete, France.
[Ochoa, Ruth] Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, La Paz 23090, Baja Calif Sur, Mexico.
[Polovina, Jeffrey; Balazs, George] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Dutton, Peter H.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Nichols, Wallace J.] Calif Acad Sci, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA.
RP Peckham, SH (reprint author), Grp Tortuguero Californias, La Paz 23060, Baja Calif Sur, Mexico.
EM hoyt@grupotortuguero.org
FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation; NOAA Fisheries; Western Pacific
Regional Fisheries Management Council; Project GLOBAL; PADI Foundation;
TE Foundation; Wallace Research Foundation; School for Field Studies;
Earth-watch Institute; ONR/National Oceanographic Partnership Program;
ProPeninsula; CILS-NSF; UCMEXUS graduate fellowships
FX We thank the fishers of Puerto Lopez Mateos, Santa Rosa and other
Pacific BCS communities for their trust and partnership. We are very
grateful to V. de la Toba, A. Gaos, J. Lucero, R. Rangel, J. Romero, N.
Rossi, E. Caballero, V. Cordi, R. Donadi, D. Wingfield plus many others
of Equipo ProCaguama and the Grupo Tortuguero for field assistance. We
thank J. Seminoff and D. Parker of NMFS plus D. Costa and B. Block of
TOPP for their support of the satellite telemetry, counsel, and
encouragement. J. Estes, D. Croll, J. Estes, B. Wallace, and 2 anonymous
reviewers improved the manuscript with helpful critiques. Research was
authorized by the Mexican government through SEMARNAP and SEMARNAT
permits 150496-213-03, 280597-213-03, 190698-213-03, 280499-213-03,
280700-213-03, SGPA/DGVS/002 4661, SGPA/DGVS/10358, and
SGPA/DGVS/03501/06. Animal handling was in full compliance with
CARC/IACUC protocol at UC Santa Cruz. This work was supported by the
David and Lucile Packard Foundation, NOAA Fisheries, Western Pacific
Regional Fisheries Management Council, Project GLOBAL, PADI Foundation,
T&E Foundation, Wallace Research Foundation, School for Field Studies,
Earth-watch Institute, ONR/National Oceanographic Partnership Program
and ProPeninsula. S.H.P. was supported with CILS-NSF, Project Global and
UCMEXUS graduate fellowships and awards.
NR 93
TC 30
Z9 30
U1 2
U2 20
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PY 2011
VL 425
BP 269
EP 280
DI 10.3354/meps08995
PG 12
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA 735GG
UT WOS:000288400800021
ER
PT J
AU Bryant, RA
AF Bryant, Rodney A.
TI Evaluating practical measurements of fire-induced vent flows with
stereoscopic PIV
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
LA English
DT Article
DE Fire-induced flow; Particle image velocimetry; Flow measurement; Vent
flow
AB Stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (SPIV) was applied to a fire-induced doorway flow to provide the velocity field for computations of the mass flow rate of air into an enclosure. For a flow of uniform temperature and concentration, the technique met all of the requirements to provide the best estimate of the mass flow rate. Simultaneous measurements of vertical distributions of velocity and temperature were also conducted with conventional vent flow techniques, bi-directional probes and thermocouples. Correction factors for mass flow rate computations using the conventional techniques were determined based on comparisons to the SPIV results. An average correction factor of unity was determined for the bi-directional probe technique thus further confirming the utilization of velocity distributions acquired using the technique in mass flow rate computations. An average correction factor of 0.69 was determined for mass flow rates computed from vertical temperature distributions inside and outside the enclosure. This agrees with average correction factors determined in previous studies. The results from the present study suggest that the conventional techniques, which are practical and affordable for routine fire testing, may be applied with greater confidence for fires up to 500 kW. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Bryant, RA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM rodney.bryant@nist.gov
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011
NR 12
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 1540-7489
J9 P COMBUST INST
JI Proc. Combust. Inst.
PY 2011
VL 33
BP 2481
EP 2487
DI 10.1016/j.proci.2010.06.105
PN 2
PG 7
WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering,
Mechanical
SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA 698XR
UT WOS:000285629000095
ER
PT J
AU Takahashi, F
Linteris, GT
Katta, VR
AF Takahashi, Fumiaki
Linteris, Gregory T.
Katta, Viswanath R.
TI Extinguishment of methane diffusion flames by inert gases in coflow air
and oxygen-enriched microgravity environments
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
LA English
DT Article
DE Diffusion flame stabilization; Spacecraft fire suppression; Microgravity
combustion; Oxygen-enriched air; Reaction kernel
ID CUP-BURNER FLAMES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; STABILIZATION; SUPPRESSION
AB Extinguishment of laminar coflow diffusion flames in microgravity (mu g) have been studied experimentally and computationally. The mu g experiments were conducted using a methane cup-burner flame aboard the NASA Reduced-Gravity Aircraft. Transient computations with full methane chemistry and a gray-gas radiation model were performed to reveal the flame structure and extinguishment processes. In mu g, as an inert gas (N-2, He, or Ar) was added incrementally to the coflowing O-2-N-2 mixture with the initial oxygen volume fraction (XO2,ox) of 0.21 at 101 kPa or 0.3 at 70.3 kPa, the flame tip opened, and the flame base gradually lifted off the burner parallel to the axis until blowout. The predicted minimum extinguishing concentration (MEC) of each agent in the oxidizing stream was in a reasonable agreement with the measurement. The measured MEC was nearly independent of the mean oxidizer velocity. In mu g, the MEC for each diluent was nearly at a critical air-inertization point of the Coward-Jones flammability-limit curve (the maximum diluent concentration that sustains premixed combustion); whereas in earth gravity, studied previously, the flame prematurely blew off after oscillations at approximate to 70% of the critical condition. The maximum oxygen volume fractions at extinguishment (converted from the MECs) were nearly the same for XO2,ox = 0: 21 and 0.3 despite the different atmospheric pressures. The computation of the lifted flame with a sufficiently long fuel-oxidizer mixing time (approximate to 0.2 s) revealed that: (1) a peak reactivity spot (i.e., reaction kernel), formed in the flame base, broadened laterally, thereby supporting a super-lean reaction wing on the oxidizer side and a trailing diffusion flame on the fuel side; (2) the flammable mixture layer was, nevertheless, radially thin (approximate to 0.4 mm); and (3) the unburned mixture velocity at the flame base was comparable to the stoichiometric laminar flame speed found in the literature. (C) 2010 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Takahashi, Fumiaki] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Natl Ctr Space Explorat Res Fluids & Combust, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
[Linteris, Gregory T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Katta, Viswanath R.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA.
RP Takahashi, F (reprint author), NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Natl Ctr Space Explorat Res Fluids & Combust, MS 110-3,21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
EM fumiaki.takahashi-1@nasa.gov
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011
FU NASA Office of Biological and Physical Research; Exploration Technology
Development Program Office
FX This research was supported by the NASA Office of Biological and
Physical Research and the Fire Prevention, Detection, and Suppression
program in the Exploration Technology Development Program Office.
Assistance by Jeffrey Taggart (Case Western Reserve University), Gary
Ruff, James Withlow, and John Yaniec (NASA) in conducting the experiment
are acknowledged.
NR 28
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 11
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 1540-7489
J9 P COMBUST INST
JI Proc. Combust. Inst.
PY 2011
VL 33
BP 2531
EP 2538
DI 10.1016/j.proci.2010.06.086
PN 2
PG 8
WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering,
Mechanical
SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA 698XR
UT WOS:000285629000101
ER
PT J
AU Constantino, PJ
Lee, JJW
Lucas, PW
Hartstone-Rose, A
Dominy, NJ
Cunningham, A
Lawn, BR
AF Constantino, Paul J.
Lee, James J. -W.
Lucas, Peter W.
Hartstone-Rose, Adam
Dominy, Nathaniel J.
Cunningham, Andrew
Lawn, Brian R.
TI Paranthropus was not a sea otter: convergent adaptation to hard object
feeding
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 80th Annual Meeting of the
American-Association-of-Physical-Anthropologists
CY APR 11-16, 2011
CL Minneapolis, MN
SP Amer Assoc Phys Anthropol
C1 [Constantino, Paul J.] Marshall Univ, Dept Biol, Huntington, WV 25755 USA.
[Lee, James J. -W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
[Lucas, Peter W.; Lawn, Brian R.] George Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, Ctr Adv Study Human Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20052 USA.
[Hartstone-Rose, Adam] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Altoona, PA USA.
[Dominy, Nathaniel J.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Anthropol, Hanover, NH 03755 USA.
[Cunningham, Andrew] Harvard Univ, Dept Human Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Hartstone-Rose, Adam/I-3503-2016
OI Hartstone-Rose, Adam/0000-0001-5307-5573
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0002-9483
J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL
JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.
PY 2011
VL 144
SU 52
BP 112
EP 112
PG 1
WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology
GA 730LE
UT WOS:000288034000153
ER
PT J
AU Prasad, K
Yang, J
AF Prasad, Kuldeep
Yang, Jiann
TI Vertical release of hydrogen in a partially enclosed compartment: Role
of wind and buoyancy
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Hydrogen; Dispersion; Wind; Analytical model
ID NATURAL VENTILATION; FORCED PLUMES; FILLING BOX; LEAKAGE; CONVECTION
AB The natural and wind driven mixing and dispersion of hydrogen released in an accidental manner in a partially enclosed compartment with two vents is investigated using theoretical tools. A simple analytical model is constructed to predict the entrainment of air in a buoyant turbulent hydrogen plume and the properties of the resulting two-layer stratification that drives the flow through the vents. Air flows in through vents below the position of neutral buoyancy and exits from vents above it. CFD simulations are conducted in a full-scale geometry to confirm the physical phenomena and to compare with the analytical results. Analytical results are also compared with experimental data from a 1/4 scale two-car residential garage. The analytical model is used to understand the important physical processes involved during hydrogen release as a vertical plume, and dispersion in a compartment with vents at multiple levels, with and without a steady wind. Parametric studies are conducted to study the effect of hydrogen release rate on location of the interface between the two layers and hydrogen volume fraction in the upper layer. Analytical model results indicate that for a given hydrogen release rate, the hydrogen concentration in the upper layer reaches a maximum under wind conditions that oppose the buoyancy induced flow, and that this maximum value can be as much as 70% higher than the case with no wind effects. Results also indicate that blowing outdoor air into the lower vent is an effective strategy for reducing the flammable volume of hydrogen gases in a compartment, following an accidental release. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Professor T. Nejat Veziroglu.
C1 [Prasad, Kuldeep; Yang, Jiann] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Prasad, K (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8663, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM kuldeep.prasad@nist.gov
NR 32
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 4
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0360-3199
J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG
JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 36
IS 1
BP 1094
EP 1106
DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.08.040
PG 13
WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels
SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels
GA 731JR
UT WOS:000288102700118
ER
PT J
AU Fischer, J
de Podesta, M
Hill, KD
Moldover, M
Pitre, L
Rusby, R
Steur, P
Tamura, O
White, R
Wolber, L
AF Fischer, J.
de Podesta, M.
Hill, K. D.
Moldover, M.
Pitre, L.
Rusby, R.
Steur, P.
Tamura, O.
White, R.
Wolber, L.
TI Present Estimates of the Differences Between Thermodynamic Temperatures
and the ITS-90
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Differences T-T-90; International Temperature Scale ITS-90; Primary
thermometry; Thermodynamic temperature
ID CONSTANT GAS THERMOMETRY; ACOUSTIC THERMOMETRY; RADIOMETRIC
DETERMINATION; FREEZING POINTS; TRIPLE POINT; RANGE; SCALE;
660-DEGREES-C; REALIZATION; MERCURY
AB At the request of the Consultative Committee for Thermometry (CCT), Working Group 4 (WG4) has critically reviewed all available measurements of the differences between thermodynamic and ITS-90 temperatures, (T - T (90)), and documented the conversion of older data to the ITS-90. Particular attention has been given to the uncertainties. Based on this review, we provide consensus estimates of T - T (90) for selected measurements from 0.65 K to 1358 K. We provide two analytic functions for T - T (90), one for use from 8 K to the triple point of water (T (TPW)) and one for use above T (TPW). The small discontinuity of the derivative dT (90)/d T at T (TPW) is discussed. We also identify temperature ranges where researchers are encouraged to undertake high-accuracy measurements of T - T (90).
C1 [Fischer, J.; Wolber, L.] PTB, D-10587 Berlin, Germany.
[de Podesta, M.; Rusby, R.] NPL, Teddington, Middx, England.
[Hill, K. D.] NRC, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
[Moldover, M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Pitre, L.] LNE INM CNAM, Paris, France.
[Steur, P.] INRiM, Turin, Italy.
[Tamura, O.] AIST, NMIJ, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
[White, R.] MSL, Lower Hutt, New Zealand.
RP Fischer, J (reprint author), PTB, Abbestr 2-12, D-10587 Berlin, Germany.
EM joachim.fischer@ptb.de
RI Moldover, Michael/E-6384-2013;
OI pitre, laurent/0000-0001-9885-7544
NR 49
TC 46
Z9 48
U1 0
U2 5
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0195-928X
EI 1572-9567
J9 INT J THERMOPHYS
JI Int. J. Thermophys.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 32
IS 1-2
BP 12
EP 25
DI 10.1007/s10765-011-0922-1
PG 14
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics
GA 733HX
UT WOS:000288254900002
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, GF
Doviak, RJ
Zrnic, DS
Palmer, R
Lei, L
Al-Rashid, Y
AF Zhang, Guifu
Doviak, Richard J.
Zrnic, Dusan S.
Palmer, Robert
Lei, Lei
Al-Rashid, Yasser
TI Polarimetric Phased-Array Radar for Weather Measurement: A Planar or
Cylindrical Configuration?
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SPACED-ANTENNA INTERFEROMETRY; REFLECTIVITY
AB This paper suggests a cylindrical configuration for agile beam polarimetric phased-array radar (PPAR) for weather surveillance. The most often used array configuration for PAR is a planar array antenna. The planar configuration, however, has significant deficiencies for polarimetric measurements, as well as other limitations, such as increases in beamwidth, decreases of sensitivity, and changes in the polarization basis when the beam scans off its broadside. The cylindrical polarimetric phased-array radar (CPPAR) is proposed to avoid these deficiencies. The CPPAR principle and potential performance are demonstrated through theoretical analysis and simulation. It is shown that the CPPAR has the advantage of a scan-invariant polarization basis, and thus avoids the inherent limitations of the planar PPAR (i.e., PPPAR).
C1 [Zhang, Guifu; Doviak, Richard J.; Zrnic, Dusan S.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Zhang, Guifu; Doviak, Richard J.; Zrnic, Dusan S.; Lei, Lei] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Zhang, Guifu; Palmer, Robert; Lei, Lei] Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Doviak, Richard J.; Zrnic, Dusan S.; Palmer, Robert] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
[Al-Rashid, Yasser] Lockheed Martin Corp, Moorestown, NJ USA.
RP Zhang, GF (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Suite 5900, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM guzhang1@ou.edu
RI Zhang, Guifu/M-3178-2014
OI Zhang, Guifu/0000-0002-0261-2815
FU NOAA/NSSL [NA17RJ1227/NA080AR4320886]; NSF [ATM-0608168]
FX This work is supported with funding provided by NOAA/NSSL under the
Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227/NA080AR4320886 and a NSF Grant
ATM-0608168.
NR 26
TC 38
Z9 38
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 28
IS 1
BP 63
EP 73
DI 10.1175/2010JTECHA1470.1
PG 11
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 729ZJ
UT WOS:000287992900005
ER
PT J
AU Hwang, CH
Lock, A
Bundy, M
Johnsson, E
Ko, GH
AF Hwang, Cheol-Hong
Lock, Andrew
Bundy, Matthew
Johnsson, Erik
Ko, Gwon Hyun
TI Effects of Fuel Location and Distribution on Full-Scale Underventilated
Compartment Fires
SO JOURNAL OF FIRE SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE compartment fire; underventilated fire; fuel distribution; ISO 9705
room; heptane
ID ENCLOSURE FIRES; LIMITED VENTILATION; COMBUSTION; GENERATION; GROWTH;
SMOKE; ROOM
AB An experimental study was conducted to investigate the effects of fuel location and distribution on full-scale underventilated compartment fires in an ISO 9705 room. Heptane fuel was burned in three different fuel distributions: single centered burner (SCB), single rear burner (SRB), and two distributed burner (TDB). It was experimentally observed that variations in fuel placement did not significantly affect the global steady state underventilated fire characteristics such as fuel mass loss rate, heat release rate, combustion efficiency, global equivalence ratio, and global CO emission outside the compartment for these simple distributions. Supplemental numerical simulations reveal that the local characteristics of thermal and chemical environments depend on the fuel placement between the front and rear region inside the compartment. At the front region, the local fire characteristics were nearly the same regardless of fuel placement. Changes in fuel location and distribution resulted in changes in temperature, total heat flux, CO(2), and CO volume fraction at the rear region. Burner placement led to changes in the mixture fraction, flow dynamics, and variations in CO production in the back of the compartment.
C1 [Lock, Andrew; Bundy, Matthew; Johnsson, Erik] NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Hwang, Cheol-Hong] Daejeon Univ, Dept Fire & Disaster Prevent, Taejon 300716, South Korea.
[Ko, Gwon Hyun] Dongyang Univ, Dept Architecture & Fire Adm, Yongju 750711, South Korea.
RP Lock, A (reprint author), NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8663, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM andrew.lock@nist.gov
FU Korean Government (MOEHRD) [KRF-2007-357-D00028]
FX The authors thank Richard Harris, Kevin McGrattan and Bryan Klein for
helpful discussions and Lauren DeLauter, Doris Reinhart, Tony Chakalis,
and Kelly Opert for their technical assistance. C. -H. Hwang gratefully
acknowledges support from a Korean Research Foundation Grant funded
through the Korean Government (MOEHRD) (KRF-2007-357-D00028).
NR 32
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 8
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 0734-9041
J9 J FIRE SCI
JI J. Fire Sci.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 29
IS 1
BP 21
EP 52
DI 10.1177/0734904110372119
PG 32
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA 714JB
UT WOS:000286804800002
ER
PT J
AU Wu, JC
Martin, AF
Kacker, RN
AF Wu, Jin Chu
Martin, Alvin F.
Kacker, Raghu N.
TI Measures, Uncertainties, and Significance Test in Operational ROC
Analysis
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE biometrics; bootstrap; confidence interval; fingerprint; ROC analysis;
significance test; standard error; uncertainty
ID BOOTSTRAP CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; SAMPLE-SIZE; CHARACTERISTIC CURVES;
FINGERPRINT DATA; AREAS
AB In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the sampling variability can result in uncertainties of performance measures. Thus, while evaluating and comparing the performances of algorithms, the measurement uncertainties must be taken into account. The key issue is how to calculate the uncertainties of performance measures in ROC analysis. Our ultimate goal is to perform the significance test in evaluation and comparison using the standard errors computed. From the operational perspective, based on fingerprint-image matching algorithms on large datasets, the measures and their uncertainties are investigated in the three scenarios: 1) the true accept rate (TAR) of genuine scores at a specified false accept rate (FAR) of impostor scores, 2) the TAR and FAR at a given threshold, and 3) the equal error rate. The uncertainties of measures are calculated using the nonparametric two-sample bootstrap based on our extensive studies of bootstrap variability on large datasets. The significance test is carried out to determine whether the difference between the performance of one algorithm and a hypothesized value, or the difference between the performances of two algorithms where the correlation is taken into account is statistically significant. Examples are provided.
C1 [Wu, Jin Chu; Martin, Alvin F.; Kacker, Raghu N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Wu, JC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jinchu.wu@nist.gov; alvin.martin@nist.gov; raghu.kacker@nist.gov
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011
NR 30
TC 8
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 1
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2011
VL 116
IS 1
BP 517
EP 537
DI 10.6028/jres.116.003
PG 21
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 734FY
UT WOS:000288321200003
PM 26989582
ER
PT J
AU Cox, MJ
Borchers, DL
Demer, DA
Cutter, GR
Brierley, AS
AF Cox, Martin J.
Borchers, David L.
Demer, David A.
Cutter, George R.
Brierley, Andrew S.
TI Estimating the density of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) from
multi-beam echo-sounder observations using distance sampling methods
SO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES C-APPLIED STATISTICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Acoustic; Antarctic krill; Distance sampling; Multi-beam echo-sounder
ID FISHERIES ACOUSTICS; SOUTH-GEORGIA; BIOMASS
AB Antarctic krill is a key species in the Antarctic food web, an important prey item for marine predators and a commercial fishery resource. Although single-beam echo-sounders are commonly used to survey the species, multi-beam echo-sounders may be more efficient because they sample a larger volume of water. However, multi-beam echo-sounders may miss animals because they involve lower energy densities. We adapt distance sampling theory to deal with this and to estimate krill density and biomass from a multi-beam echo-sounder survey. The method provides a general means for estimating density and biomass from multi-beam echo-sounder data.
C1 [Cox, Martin J.] Univ St Andrews, Gatty Marine Lab, Pelag Ecol Res Grp, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland.
[Demer, David A.; Cutter, George R.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA.
RP Cox, MJ (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Gatty Marine Lab, Pelag Ecol Res Grp, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland.
EM mjc16@st-and.ac.uk
RI Brierley, Andrew/G-8019-2011
OI Brierley, Andrew/0000-0002-6438-6892
FU Royal Society; UK Natural Environment Research Council; National Science
Foundation [06-OPP-33939]
FX We thank the Royal Society for funds enabling deployment of the MBE,
Simrad USA, particularly J. Condiotty, for the loan of the SM20, and D.
Needham and M. Patterson of Sea Technology Services for designing and
constructing the MBE transducer mount. We are grateful to the US
Antarctic Marine Living Resources Program; the Master, officers and crew
of the RV Yuzhmorgeologiya and the personnel at the Cape Shirreff field
station for logistical, equipment and ship support. MJC was supported by
a UK Natural Environment Research Council doctoral studentship. This
work was carried out in association with a National Science Foundation
funded (grant 06-OPP-33939) investigation of the Livingston Island
near-shore environment. A National Science Foundation grant was held by
DAD and J. D. Warren of the School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences,
Stony Brook University, USA. We are grateful to E. Rexstad and T.
Marques for both the provision of R code and helpful discussions of
distance sampling theory for MBE surveys. We thank A. Jenkins, T. S.
Sessions and M. van den Berg for skippering the near-shore boats and T.
S. Sessions for providing invaluable expertise in the field.
NR 18
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 19
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0035-9254
J9 J R STAT SOC C-APPL
JI J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. C-Appl. Stat.
PY 2011
VL 60
BP 301
EP 316
DI 10.1111/j.1467-9876.2010.00748.x
PN 2
PG 16
WC Statistics & Probability
SC Mathematics
GA 730EX
UT WOS:000288017300009
ER
PT J
AU Baumgartner, MF
Lysiak, NSJ
Schuman, C
Urban-Rich, J
Wenzel, FW
AF Baumgartner, Mark F.
Lysiak, Nadine S. J.
Schuman, Carrie
Urban-Rich, Juanita
Wenzel, Frederick W.
TI Diel vertical migration behavior of Calanus finmarchicus and its
influence on right and sei whale occurrence
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE Calanus finmarchicus; Eubalaena glacialis; Balaenoptera borealis; Right
whale; Sei whale; Video plankton recorder; Optical plankton counter;
Gulf of Maine
ID ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALES; OPTICAL PLANKTON COUNTER; GREAT SOUTH CHANNEL;
BALAENOPTERA-BOREALIS; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; MARINE COPEPODS; LIFE-HISTORY;
GEORGES BANK; ZOOPLANKTON; GULF
AB Diel vertical migration (DVM) by herbivorous copepods likely has a profound effect on the behavior and ecology of copepod predators. We characterized the DVM behavior of late-stage Calanus finmarchicus in the southwestern Gulf of Maine during the spring seasons of 2005 to 2007, and investigated the influence of this behavior on the occurrence of zooplanktivorous baleen whales. On 5 occasions, we occupied an oceanographic station for 1 to 2 d and conducted (1) a half-hourly census of whales and (2) a half-hourly cast with an instrument package measuring temperature, salinity, chlorophyll fluorescence, and copepod abundance. We observed significant variability in DVM behavior both within and among years that was unrelated to stratification or chlorophyll concentration. Instead, DVM appeared to be influenced by the vertical distribution of phytoplankton, the presence of visual predators (sand lance Ammodytes spp.), copepod developmental stage, and the feeding history of individual copepods. Migrating copepods had oil sacs that were 44% larger than non-migrating copepods at the surface after accounting for developmental stage, which suggests that well-fed copepods are more likely to vertically migrate. While the occurrence of North Atlantic right whales Eubalaena glacialis was unrelated to variability in the migration behavior of C. finmarchicus, sei whales Balaenoptera borealis were significantly less abundant during times of strong DVM behavior. We speculate that right whales do not compete directly with sand lance and herring for C. finmarchicus, but by inducing DVM behavior, these fish are likely influencing the distribution and abundance of sei whales in the southwestern Gulf of Maine.
C1 [Baumgartner, Mark F.; Lysiak, Nadine S. J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Schuman, Carrie; Urban-Rich, Juanita] Univ Massachusetts, Environm Earth & Ocean Sci Dept, Boston, MA 02125 USA.
[Schuman, Carrie] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, Provasoli Guillard Natl Ctr Culture Marine Phytop, W Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 USA.
[Wenzel, Frederick W.] NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Baumgartner, MF (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM mbaumgartner@whoi.edu
FU NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Naval Research; WHOI
Ocean Life Institute; WHOI
FX We are indebted to the following people for the loan of equipment and
assistance in both the field and in the laboratory: captain and crew of
the NOAA ship 'Albatross IV', M. Taylor, D. Mountain, B. Mate, M.
Swartz, M. Patrician, and visual observers I. Biedron, R. Dore, H. C.
Esch, S. Gaylord, N. Gilles, E. Josephson, B. Lentell, N. Lysiak, S.
Mussoline, J. Nicolas, R. Pace, M. Phillips, D. Potter, S. Quinn, C.
Tremblay, and E. Vu. Funding for this study was provided by NOAA
National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Naval Research Marine
Mammals and Biology Program, the WHOI Ocean Life Institute, and the WHOI
John E. and Anne W. Sawyer Endowed Fund. We dedicate this work to the
memory of our good friend and colleague, John Nicolas, who will be
sorely missed.
NR 63
TC 13
Z9 14
U1 3
U2 21
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PY 2011
VL 423
BP 167
EP 184
DI 10.3354/meps08931
PG 18
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA 729QO
UT WOS:000287965900015
ER
PT J
AU Soldevilla, MS
Wiggins, SM
Hildebrand, JA
Oleson, EM
Ferguson, MC
AF Soldevilla, Melissa S.
Wiggins, Sean M.
Hildebrand, John A.
Oleson, Erin M.
Ferguson, Megan C.
TI Risso's and Pacific white-sided dolphin habitat modeling from passive
acoustic monitoring
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE Risso's dolphin; Grampus griseus; Pacific white-sided dolphin;
Lagenorhynchus obliquidens; Habitat model; Generalized additive model;
Passive acoustic monitoring; Southern California Bight
ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BIGHT; SPERM-WHALE DISTRIBUTION; GULF-OF-MEXICO;
GRAMPUS-GRISEUS; ENVIRONMENTAL-MODELS; POPULATION-DENSITY; CETACEAN
HABITATS; NORTHWEST AFRICA; ABUNDANCE; ECHOLOCATION
AB Habitat characterization allows prediction of dolphin distributions in response to oceanographic processes and can be used to understand and predict effects of anthropogenic disturbances. Many habitat models focus on contemporary dolphin occurrence and environmental predictor data, but time-lagged oceanographic data may increase a model's predictive power due to ecological successional processes. Using hourly occurrence of Risso's dolphin Grampus griseus clicks and 2 types of Pacific white-sided dolphin Lagenorhynchus obliquidens clicks in autonomous passive acoustic recordings, we investigate the importance of time-lagged predictor variables with generalized additive models. These models relate dolphin acoustic activity from recordings at 6 sites in the Southern California Bight between August 2005 and December 2007 to oceanographic variables including sea surface temperature (SST), SST coefficient of variation (CV), sea surface chlorophyll concentration (chl), chl CV, upwelling indices, and solar and lunar temporal indices. The most consistently selected variables among the trial models evaluated during cross-validation were SST (100% of models) and SST CV (80%) for Risso's dolphin clicks; solar indices (100%) and SST and SST CV (60% each) for Pacific white-sided type A (PWS A) clicks; and SST CV (100%), solar indices (100%) and SST (80%) for Pacific white-sided type B (PWS B) clicks. Best predictive models for Risso's dolphins and PWS A clicks included time-lagged variables, suggesting the importance of ecological succession between abiotic variables and dolphin occurrence, while best models of PWS B clicks were for current conditions, suggesting association with prey-aggregating features such as fronts and eddies.
C1 [Soldevilla, Melissa S.; Wiggins, Sean M.; Hildebrand, John A.; Oleson, Erin M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Oleson, Erin M.] NOAA, NMFS, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA.
[Ferguson, Megan C.] NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Soldevilla, MS (reprint author), Duke Univ, Marine Lab, 135 Duke Marine Lab Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
EM melissa.soldevilla@duke.edu
FU ARCS Foundation, Los Angeles; Naval Postgraduate School
FX The authors thank all the personnel who were involved in instrument
development, deployment, recovery and data acquisition including: S.
Baumann, H. Basset, C. Berchock, G. S. Campbell, G. Crocker, C. Garsha,
M. Gassmann, E. E. Henderson, M. F. McKenna, L. M. Munger, E. H. Roth,
N. Rubio, L. E. Williams, and B. Hurley. M. Kahru provided remote
satellite data and software support. J. P. Barlow, S. Baumann, D. M.
Checkley, B. Cornuelle, E. E. Henderson, L. M. Munger, B. Rao, J. V.
Redfern, M. A. Roch and 4 anonymous reviewers provided insightful
discussions and/or constructive critique of earlier versions of this
manuscript. We thank the ARCS Foundation, Los Angeles chapter for
supporting M. S. S. and F. Stone, E. Young, and C. Collins for
supporting our work through the Navy CNO-N45 and the Naval Postgraduate
School.
NR 66
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 2
U2 15
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PY 2011
VL 423
BP 247
EP U267
DI 10.3354/meps08927
PG 21
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA 729QO
UT WOS:000287965900021
ER
PT J
AU Lammers, MO
Fisher-Pool, PI
Au, WWL
Meyer, CG
Wong, KB
Brainard, RE
AF Lammers, Marc O.
Fisher-Pool, Pollyanna I.
Au, Whitlow W. L.
Meyer, Carl G.
Wong, Kevin B.
Brainard, Russell E.
TI Humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae song reveals wintering activity in
the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE Humpback whale; Acoustics; Hawaiian Islands; Wintering grounds;
Ecological acoustic recorder; EAR
ID NORTH PACIFIC; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; WATERS; MIGRATION; MOVEMENTS;
HABITAT
AB The main Hawaiian Islands (MHI) are the principal breeding ground for humpback whales in the North Pacific. Over the past 3 decades, population recovery from whaling-era losses has resulted in a steady increase in the number of whales wintering in Hawaiian waters and a geographic expansion of their distribution in the MHI. Until recently, no existing evidence showed that this expansion included the islands, atolls, and banks of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). To better understand the occurrence of humpback whales in the NWHI, 9 ecological acoustic recorders (EARs) were deployed at sites throughout the archipelago to record the occurrence of humpback whale song, an indicator of winter breeding activity. Song was found to be prevalent at Maro Reef, Lisianski Island, and French Frigate Shoals but was also recorded at Kure Atoll, Midway Atoll, and Pearl and Hermes Atoll. Both the timing and abundance of song at several locations closely followed trends observed on Oahu, which is one of the MHI, strongly suggesting that humpback whales use the NWHI as a wintering area. This finding is of particular relevance in light of recent suggestions that, based on photo-identification data, a yet undocumented wintering area exists somewhere in the central North Pacific. We propose that the NWHI could be that area.
C1 [Lammers, Marc O.; Au, Whitlow W. L.; Meyer, Carl G.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA.
[Lammers, Marc O.; Fisher-Pool, Pollyanna I.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Wong, Kevin B.; Brainard, Russell E.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA.
RP Lammers, MO (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, 46-007 Lilipuna Rd, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA.
EM lammers@hawaii.edu
FU NOAA/HIMB; NOAA
FX We thank K. McCoy, N. Pomeroy, and A. Rosinski for their assistance with
data processing and the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center's
Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED) Oceanography team for their help
deploying and recovering EARs. We also thank K. Sexton and M. Richlen
for their roles in manufacturing EARs and L. Munger for reviewing an
earlier draft of this manuscript. This work was supported by the
NOAA/HIMB Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Partnership Program and the NOAA
Coral Reef Conservation Program. This is Hawaii Institute of Marine
Biology publication number 1390.
NR 31
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 18
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PY 2011
VL 423
BP 261
EP 268
DI 10.3354/meps08959
PG 8
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA 729QO
UT WOS:000287965900022
ER
PT J
AU Willis, Z
Manley, J
AF Willis, Zdenka
Manley, Justin
TI IOOS: From Integrated to Interdependent and Indispensable
SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Willis, Zdenka] NOAA, Integrated Ocean Observing Syst Program, Washington, DC 20230 USA.
RP Willis, Z (reprint author), NOAA, Integrated Ocean Observing Syst Program, Washington, DC 20230 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC
PI COLUMBIA
PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA
SN 0025-3324
J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J
JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2011
VL 45
IS 1
BP 4
EP 6
PG 3
WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography
SC Engineering; Oceanography
GA 732NN
UT WOS:000288192300001
ER
PT J
AU Levy, JM
Snowden, D
Clark, C
Crane, K
Diamond, HJ
Goodrich, D
Johnson, M
Miller, CD
Murray, W
Piotrowicz, SR
Stanitski, D
AF Levy, Joel M.
Snowden, Derrick
Clark, Candyce
Crane, Kathleen
Diamond, Howard J.
Goodrich, David
Johnson, Mike
Miller, Christopher D.
Murray, William
Piotrowicz, Stephen R.
Stanitski, Diane
TI The Global Ocean Observing Component of IOOS: Implementation of the
Initial Global Ocean Observing System for Climate and the Path Forward
SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE climate; ocean; observation; GCOS; IOOS
AB The global ocean observing system for climate, which comprises the global in situ component of the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System, has now achieved about 61% of its initial design goal. Although this observing system, implemented cooperatively by over 70 countries worldwide, serves multiple applications, it is designed primarily to address climate requirements defined by the international global Climate Observing System. The U.S. contribution to the system, described here, is implemented as and interdependent set of observational-Subsystems that constitute about half of the over 8,000 observing platforms deployed by the world community. Although much work remains to complete the initial global observing system, scientific advances of the past decade have identified the need to deploy a second generation system that integrates biogeo-chemical and ecological-observations with the primarily physical and carbon-related oceanographic observations the from the backbone of the initial observing system.
C1 [Levy, Joel M.; Snowden, Derrick; Clark, Candyce; Crane, Kathleen; Goodrich, David; Johnson, Mike; Miller, Christopher D.; Murray, William; Piotrowicz, Stephen R.; Stanitski, Diane] NOAA, Climate Observat Div, Climate Program Off, Silver Spring, MD 20902 USA.
[Diamond, Howard J.] NOAAs Natl Climat Data Ctr, Washington, DC USA.
RP Levy, JM (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Observat Div, Climate Program Off, 1100 Wayne Ave,Suite 1202, Silver Spring, MD 20902 USA.
EM Joel.Levy@noaa.gov
NR 16
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 4
PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC
PI COLUMBIA
PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA
SN 0025-3324
J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J
JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2011
VL 45
IS 1
BP 9
EP 18
PG 10
WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography
SC Engineering; Oceanography
GA 732NN
UT WOS:000288192300003
ER
PT J
AU Ragsdale, R
Vowinkel, E
Porter, D
Hamilton, P
Morrison, R
Kohut, J
Connell, B
Kelsey, H
Trowbridge, P
AF Ragsdale, Rob
Vowinkel, Eric
Porter, Dwayne
Hamilton, Pixie
Morrison, Ru
Kohut, Josh
Connell, Bob
Kelsey, Heath
Trowbridge, Phil
TI Successful Integration Efforts in Water Quality From the Integrated
Ocean Observing System Regional Associations and the National Water
Quality Monitoring Network
SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE water quality; 100S (R); National Water Quality Monitoring Network
AB The Integrated Ocean Observing System (100S (R)) Regional Associations and Interagency Partners hosted a water quality workshop in January 2010 to discuss issues of nutrient enrichment and dissolved oxygen depletion (hypoxia), harmful algal blooms (HABs), and beach water quality. In 2007, the National Water Quality Monitoring Council piloted demonstration projects as part of the National Water Monitoring Council piloted demonstration projects as part of the National Water Quality Monitoring Network (Network) for U.S. Coastal Waters and their Tributaries in three IOOS Regional Associations, and these projects are ongoing. Examples of integrated science-based solutions to water quality issues of major concern from the IOOS regions and Network demonstration projects are explored in this article. These examples illustrate instances where management decisions have benefited from decision-support tools that make use of interoperable data. Gaps, challenges, and outcomes are identified, and a proposal is made for future work toward a multi-regional water quality project for beach water quality.
C1 [Ragsdale, Rob] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Integrated Ocean Observing Syst Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Porter, Dwayne] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
[Kohut, Josh] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA.
[Connell, Bob] New Jersey Dept Environm Protect, Trenton, NJ USA.
[Kelsey, Heath] Univ Maryland, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Environm Sci, Cooperat Oxford Lab, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Trowbridge, Phil] New Hampshire Dept Environm Serv, Concord, NH USA.
RP Ragsdale, R (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Integrated Ocean Observing Syst Program, 1100 Wayne Ave,Suite 1225, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM Rob.Ragsdale@noaa.gov
NR 20
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 1
PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC
PI COLUMBIA
PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA
SN 0025-3324
J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J
JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2011
VL 45
IS 1
BP 19
EP 28
PG 10
WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography
SC Engineering; Oceanography
GA 732NN
UT WOS:000288192300004
ER
PT J
AU Ostrander, CE
Seim, H
Smith, E
Studer, B
Luscher-Aissauoi, A
Fletcher, C
AF Ostrander, Chris E.
Seim, Harvey
Smith, Elizabeth
Studer, Ben
Luscher-Aissauoi, Audra
Fletcher, Chip
TI Contributions of the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System to National
and Regional Coastal Hazards and Resources Information, Tools, and
Services
SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
AB A changing climate, coupled with increasing development and population growth within the coastal margins of the United States, presents a growing threat to coastal populations, ecosystems, and infrastructure associated with chronic and catastrophic coastal hazards and a growing reliance on coastal resources. The U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS (R)) provides a unique capability to observe the coastal and open ocean waters of the United States and provide value-added, customized data tools, products, and services to inform decision making related to coastal hazards and resources management, assessment, and risk by individuals, resource managers, policy makers, and local agencies. Increasingly, the partnership of IOOS Regional Associations with the U.S. IOOS Program Office has the capacity to provide critical observational and scientific information needed to inform coastal planning and management efforts related to some of the most pressing problems facing our coastal zone: namely, impacts of a changing climate on coastal communities and ecosystems, sea level rise, and the competing and often-times conflicting uses of our coastal zone that necessitate integrated Coastal and Marine Spatial Planning. Discussed herein are three examples of regional IOOS capacity to provide information related to beach safety, coastal inundation, and marine spatial planning.
C1 [Ostrander, Chris E.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Pacific Islands Ocean Observing Syst PacIOOS, Honolulu, HI 96821 USA.
[Seim, Harvey] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
[Smith, Elizabeth] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA.
[Luscher-Aissauoi, Audra] NOAA Coastal Serv Ctr, Coastal Storms Program, Washington, DC USA.
RP Ostrander, CE (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Pacific Islands Ocean Observing Syst PacIOOS, 1680 East West Rd,POST 105, Honolulu, HI 96821 USA.
EM chriso@hawaii.edu
RI Ostrander, Chris/B-2890-2009
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 6
PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC
PI COLUMBIA
PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA
SN 0025-3324
J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J
JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2011
VL 45
IS 1
BP 29
EP 38
PG 10
WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography
SC Engineering; Oceanography
GA 732NN
UT WOS:000288192300005
ER
PT J
AU Gouldman, C
Wiegardt, M
Cudd, S
Geubtner, J
AF Gouldman, Carl
Wiegardt, Mark
Cudd, Sue
Geubtner, Jessica
TI United States Integrated Ocean Observing System and the Shellfish
Growers Partnership
SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE IOOS; shellfish growers; integrated ocean observing system partnership;
ocean acidification; oyster hatchery
AB This scientific note provides a summary of a new partnership developing between two groups who have found a common area of interest focused on the value of building a better network for real-time coastal ocean observing data and information and how such a network may inform research on ocean acidification. The note examines the development of the partnership over the past year, which is providing mutually beneficial opportunities for interaction. Shellfish growers are able to learn about a federal and regional framework providing integrated data along our coasts, and the Integrated Ocean Observing System program is able to learn directly from-one of its stakeholders who demonstrates the clear economic and scientific value of coastal, ocean, and great Lakes observing systems. By working to support research on ocean acidification.
C1 [Gouldman, Carl; Geubtner, Jessica] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Integrated Ocean Observing Syst Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Wiegardt, Mark; Cudd, Sue] Whiskey Creek Shellfish Hatchery, Tillamook, OR USA.
RP Gouldman, C (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Integrated Ocean Observing Syst Program, 1100 Wayne Ave,Suite 1225, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM carl.gouldman@noaa.gov
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC
PI COLUMBIA
PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA
SN 0025-3324
J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J
JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2011
VL 45
IS 1
BP 39
EP 42
PG 4
WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography
SC Engineering; Oceanography
GA 732NN
UT WOS:000288192300006
ER
PT J
AU Van Doornik, DM
Waples, RS
Baird, MC
Moran, P
Berntson, EA
AF Van Doornik, Donald M.
Waples, Robin S.
Baird, Melissa C.
Moran, Paul
Berntson, Ewann A.
TI Genetic Monitoring Reveals Genetic Stability within and among Threatened
Chinook Salmon Populations in the Salmon River, Idaho
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID PACIFIC SALMON; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; CONSERVATION GENETICS; SNAKE
RIVER; SIZE; SUPPLEMENTATION; MICROSATELLITE; VARIABILITY; DIVERSITY;
EVOLUTION
AB Identifying and understanding temporal genetic changes within fish populations is important for the management of these populations, especially those of conservation concern. Such changes are often the result of genetic drift, which can be exacerbated when the size of a population decreases. Using molecular-genetics techniques, we monitored nine populations of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the Salmon River, Idaho, to determine how the genetic characteristics within and among these populations have changed over time. We found no evidence of change in the level of heterozygosity or allelic richness over three to four generations in eight of the populations. This is probably due to the fact that the populations all maintained a sufficiently large effective size, even though a few of the populations did show a decline in effective size. Also, the genetic structure among the populations did not change appreciably over time. Populations that had been supplemented with hatchery-reared fish showed genetic similarity to the within-basin hatchery source population, presumably because of the extensive use of native fish for hatchery brood stocks and minimal out-of-basin stock transfers. The lack of a detectable decline in these populations' levels of genetic diversity is encouraging, given the species' threatened status under the U.S. Endangered Species Act.
C1 [Van Doornik, Donald M.; Berntson, Ewann A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Manchester Res Lab, Manchester, WA 98353 USA.
[Waples, Robin S.; Baird, Melissa C.; Moran, Paul] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Van Doornik, DM (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Manchester Res Lab, POB 130, Manchester, WA 98353 USA.
EM don.vandoornik@noaa.gov
RI Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016
FU Bonneville Power Administration
FX The authors thank personnel from the Idaho Department of Fish and Game,
Nez Perce Tribe, and Shoshone-Bannock Tribes for assistance with sample
collecting, and the Bonneville Power Administration for providing
funding for this project.
NR 56
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 15
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0275-5947
J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE
JI North Am. J. Fish Manage.
PY 2011
VL 31
IS 1
BP 96
EP 105
DI 10.1080/02755947.2011.562443
PG 10
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 733RF
UT WOS:000288279800011
ER
PT J
AU Ebell, K
Crewell, S
Lohnert, U
Turner, DD
O'Connor, EJ
AF Ebell, Kerstin
Crewell, Susanne
Loehnert, Ulrich
Turner, David D.
O'Connor, Ewan J.
TI Cloud statistics and cloud radiative effect for a low-mountain site
SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE clouds; radiation; remote sensing
ID LIQUID WATER PATH; MIDLATITUDE CONTINENTAL CLOUDS;
CLIMATE-RESEARCH-FACILITY; SGP CENTRAL FACILITY; SOLAR ZENITH ANGLE;
MEASUREMENT-PROGRAM; MICROWAVE RADIOMETERS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; LIDAR
CEILOMETER; SURFACE ALBEDO
AB In 2007, the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Mobile Facility (AMF) was operated for a nine-month period in the Murg Valley, Black Forest, Germany, in support of the Convective and Orographically-induced Precipitation Study (COPS). The synergy of AMF and COPS partner instrumentation was exploited to derive a set of high-quality thermodynamic and cloud property profiles with 30 s resolution. In total, clouds were present 72% of the time, with multi-layer mixed phase (28.4%) and single-layer water clouds (11.3%) occurring most frequently. A comparison with the Cloudnet sites Chilbolton and Lindenberg for the same time period revealed that the Murg Valley exhibits lower liquid water paths (LWPs; median = 37.5 g m(-2)) compared to the two sites located in flat terrain. In order to evaluate the derived thermodynamic and cloud property profiles, a radiative closure study was performed with independent surface radiation measurements. In clear sky, average differences between calculated and observed surface fluxes are less than 2% and 4% for the short wave and long wave part, respectively. In cloudy situations, differences between simulated and observed fluxes, particularly in the short wave part, are much larger, but most of these can be related to broken cloud situations. The daytime cloud radiative effect (CRE), i.e. the difference of cloudy and clear-sky net fluxes, has been analysed for the whole nine-month period. For overcast, single-layer water clouds, sensitivity studies revealed that the CRE uncertainty is likewise determined by uncertainties in liquid water content and effective radius. For low LWP clouds, CRE uncertainty is dominated by LWP uncertainty; therefore refined retrievals, such as using infrared and/or higher microwave frequencies, are needed. Copyright (C) 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
C1 [Ebell, Kerstin; Crewell, Susanne; Loehnert, Ulrich] Univ Cologne, Inst Geophys & Meteorol, D-50674 Cologne, Germany.
[Turner, David D.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA.
[Turner, David D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
[O'Connor, Ewan J.] Univ Reading, Reading, Berks, England.
[O'Connor, Ewan J.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland.
RP Ebell, K (reprint author), Univ Cologne, Inst Geophys & Meteorol, Zuelpicher Str 49A, D-50674 Cologne, Germany.
EM kebell@meteo.uni-koeln.de
RI Lohnert, Ulrich/C-3303-2013; Crewell, Susanne/O-1640-2013
OI Lohnert, Ulrich/0000-0002-9023-0269; Crewell,
Susanne/0000-0003-1251-5805
FU German Research Foundation [SPP 1167, CR 111/5-2, WU356/4-2]; US
Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and
Environmental Research, Environmental Sciences Division; University of
Wisconsin [DE-FG02-08ER64538]
FX Part of the work has been funded by the German Research Foundation
within the priority programme SPP 1167 Quantitative Precipitation
Forecast under grants CR 111/5-2 and WU356/4-2. Data were obtained from
the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program sponsored by the US
Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and
Environmental Research, Environmental Sciences Division. The ARM program
also supported the research efforts at the University of Wisconsin with
grant DE-FG02-08ER64538. Clear-sky flux estimates are part of the
Radiative Flux Analysis methodology which is a result of many years of
research by Charles N. Long. We also thank Wenchieh Yen, who assisted in
the realization of the radiative transfer simulations.
NR 56
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 6
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0035-9009
J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC
JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 137
SU 1
SI SI
BP 306
EP 324
DI 10.1002/qj.748
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 731UE
UT WOS:000288134100021
ER
PT J
AU Montague, JR
Dalberth, M
Gray, JM
Seghete, D
Bertness, KA
George, SM
Bright, VM
Rogers, CT
Sanford, NA
AF Montague, J. R.
Dalberth, M.
Gray, J. M.
Seghete, D.
Bertness, K. A.
George, S. M.
Bright, V. M.
Rogers, C. T.
Sanford, N. A.
TI Analysis of high-Q, gallium nitride nanowire resonators in response to
deposited thin films
SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 15th International Conference On Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and
Microsystems
CY JUN 21-25, 2009
CL Denver, CO
SP Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Ctr, Coventor, Freescale Semicond, Inc, Michigan Ctr Wireless Integrated MicroSyst, Tegal Corp, Desktop Engn, ECN Magazine, Euro Asia Semicond, IOP Publishing, MEMS Investor Journal, MEPTEC, Micronews, mstnews, NASA Tech Briefs, NEXUS Assoc, N Amer Taiwanese Engineers Assoc, Small Times
DE Atomic layer deposition; Crystal resonators; Gallium compounds;
Molecular beam epitaxial growth; Nanoelectronics; Nanowires;
Piezoelectric oscillations; Piezoelectric semiconductors; Q factor;
Resonators; Wide band gap semiconductors; III-V semiconductors
ID GAN NANOWIRES; GROWTH; ARRAYS
AB Gallium nitride nanowires (GaN-NWs) are systems of interest for mechanical resonance-based sensors due to their small mass and, in the case of c-axis NWs, high mechanical quality (Q) factors of 10,000-100,000. We report on singly-clamped NW mechanical cantilevers of roughly 100 nm diameter and 15 gm length that resonate near 1 MHz and describe the behavior of GaN-NW resonant frequencies and Q factors following coating with various materials deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD), including alumina (Al2O3), ruthenium (Ru), and platinum (Pt). Changes in the GaN-NW resonant frequencies with ALD deposition clearly distinguish conformal film growth versus island film growth. Conformal films lead to a stiffening of the NW and typically increase resonant frequency, whereas island films simply increase the NW mass and cause decreased resonant frequencies. We find that conformal growth of ALD alumina leads to stiffening of similar to 4 kHz per nm of alumina, in agreement with previously measured material properties. Conformal growth of Ru and Pt, respectively, qualitatively confirm our analytical predictions of positive and negative resonant frequency shifts. Island growth of ALD Ru has demonstrated a decrease in resonant frequency consistent with mass loading of similar to 0.2 fg for a 150 ALD-cycle film, also consistent with analytical predictions. Resonant Q factors are found to decrease with ALD film growth, offering the additional possibility of studying mechanical dissipation processes associated with the ALD-NW composite structures. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Montague, J. R.; Gray, J. M.; Rogers, C. T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Dalberth, M.] Cambridge NanoTech Inc, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA.
[Seghete, D.; George, S. M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Bertness, K. A.; Sanford, N. A.] NIST, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Bright, V. M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Montague, JR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, 390 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM Joshua.Montague@Colorado.edu
RI George, Steven/O-2163-2013
OI George, Steven/0000-0003-0253-9184
NR 16
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 3
U2 12
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND
SN 0924-4247
J9 SENSOR ACTUAT A-PHYS
JI Sens. Actuator A-Phys.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 165
IS 1
SI SI
BP 59
EP 65
DI 10.1016/j.sna.2010.03.014
PG 7
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA 733VY
UT WOS:000288293600009
ER
PT J
AU Cheng, JH
Seghete, D
Lee, M
Schlager, JB
Bertness, KA
Sanford, NA
Yang, RG
George, SM
Lee, YC
AF Cheng, Jen-Hau
Seghete, Dragos
Lee, Myongjai
Schlager, John B.
Bertness, Kris A.
Sanford, Norman A.
Yang, Ronggui
George, Steven M.
Lee, Y. C.
TI Atomic layer deposition enabled interconnect technology for vertical
nanowire arrays
SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 15th International Conference On Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and
Microsystems
CY JUN 21-25, 2009
CL Denver, CO
SP Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Ctr, Coventor, Freescale Semicond, Michigan Ctr Wireless Integrated MicroSyst, Tegal Corp, Desttop Engn, ECN Magazine, Euro Asla Semicond, IOP Publishing, MEMS Investor Journal, MEPTEC, Micronews, mstnews, NASA Tech Briefs, NEXUS Assoc, N Amer Taiwanese Engineers Assoc, Small Times
DE Atomic layer deposition (ALD); Interconnect; GaN nanowires; Focused ion
beam (FIB); Photoluminescence (PL)
ID GROWTH; GAN
AB We have demonstrated an atomic layer deposition (ALD) enabled interconnect technology for vertical, c-axis oriented gallium nitride (GaN) nanowire (NW, 5-10 mu m in length, 80-200 nm in diameter) arrays encapsulated by benzocyclobutene (BCB). The nano-scaled ALD multilayer is essential to provide conformal co-axial dielectric (ALD-alumina)/conductor (ALD-tungsten) coverage and precise thickness control for nanowire metallization. Furthermore, we have successfully developed a fabrication process to locally remove and connect tungsten (W) interconnect on NWs. Cross-sectional image taken in a focused ion beam (FIB) tool confirms the conformality of ALD interconnects. Photoluminescence (PL) wavelengths of the nanowires array can be tuned dynamically by changing the input current supplied to ALD-tungsten interconnect which heats nanowires. Such an experiment also demonstrated the quality of interconnect. This interconnect technology can be applied to various vertical nanowire-based devices, such as nanowire light emitting diodes, nanowire-based field effect transistors, resonators, batteries or biomedical applications. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Cheng, Jen-Hau; Lee, Myongjai; Yang, Ronggui; Lee, Y. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Seghete, Dragos; George, Steven M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Schlager, John B.; Bertness, Kris A.; Sanford, Norman A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Cheng, Jen-Hau; Seghete, Dragos; Lee, Myongjai; Schlager, John B.; Bertness, Kris A.; Sanford, Norman A.; Yang, Ronggui; George, Steven M.; Lee, Y. C.] Univ Colorado, DARPA Ctr Integrated Micro Nanoelectromech Transd, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Cheng, JH (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM Jen-Hau.Cheng@colorado.edumailto
RI Yang, Ronggui/H-1278-2011; George, Steven/O-2163-2013
OI George, Steven/0000-0003-0253-9184
NR 25
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 16
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND
SN 0924-4247
J9 SENSOR ACTUAT A-PHYS
JI Sens. Actuator A-Phys.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 165
IS 1
SI SI
BP 107
EP 114
DI 10.1016/j.sna.2009.12.038
PG 8
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA 733VY
UT WOS:000288293600016
ER
PT J
AU Van Den Berg, HA
Riley, SJ
Dann, SL
AF Van Den Berg, Heather A.
Riley, Shawn J.
Dann, Shari L.
TI Conservation Education for Advancing Natural Resources Knowledge and
Building Capacity for Volunteerism
SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES
LA English
DT Article
DE adult conservation education; public support; stakeholders; volunteerism
ID WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT; PROGRAM
AB Natural resource agencies increasingly need to engage nontraditional stakeholders for public support and financial resources, especially considering a decline in traditional activities such as hunting and fishing. Conservation educators recognized this need, and they are creating new networks of outreach and service programs. The Michigan Conservation Stewards Program (CSP) was designed to reach new stakeholders for natural resource management as an adult conservation education and volunteerism program, similar in format to Master Naturalist programs. We observed these benefits of the CSP for learners and agencies: (1) increased ecological knowledge; (2) improved attitudes toward management practices and toward the natural resource agency; and (3) an initial corps of volunteers with specific conservation skills. This education program advanced knowledge and transformed volunteer capacity, producing detectable short-term positive impacts. An anticipated value of conservation education programs such as CSP will be long-term support from nontraditional stakeholders in natural resource management.
C1 [Van Den Berg, Heather A.] NOAA, Natl Sea Grant Coll Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Riley, Shawn J.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
[Dann, Shari L.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Community Agr Recreat & Resource Studies, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
RP Van Den Berg, HA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Sea Grant Coll Program, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM havandenberg@gmail.com
NR 38
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 24
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0894-1920
J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR
JI Soc. Nat. Resour.
PY 2011
VL 24
IS 3
BP 205
EP 220
AR PII 931469803
DI 10.1080/08941920902960404
PG 16
WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology
GA 714OA
UT WOS:000286817700001
ER
PT J
AU Pandya, R
Smith, D
Ackerman, SA
Brahma, PP
Charlevoix, DJ
Foster, SQ
Gaertner, VK
Lee, TF
Hayes, MJ
Mostek, A
Murillo, ST
Murphy, KA
Olsen, L
Stanitski, DM
Whittaker, T
AF Pandya, Rajul
Smith, David
Ackerman, Steven A.
Brahma, Priti P.
Charlevoix, Donna J.
Foster, Susan Q.
Gaertner, Volker Karl
Lee, Thomas F.
Hayes, Marianne J.
Mostek, Anthony
Murillo, Shirley T.
Murphy, Kathleen A.
Olsen, Lola
Stanitski, Diane M.
Whittaker, Thomas
TI A SUMMARY OF THE 18TH AMS SYMPOSIUM ON EDUCATION
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Pandya, Rajul] UCAR, SOARS, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Smith, David] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA.
[Ackerman, Steven A.; Whittaker, Thomas] Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, Madison, WI USA.
[Brahma, Priti P.] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA.
[Charlevoix, Donna J.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
[Gaertner, Volker Karl] EUMESTAT, Darmstadt, Germany.
[Lee, Thomas F.] NRL, Monterey, CA USA.
[Hayes, Marianne J.] AMS Educ Resource Educator, Columbus, OH USA.
[Mostek, Anthony] NOAA NWS, Boulder, CO USA.
[Murillo, Shirley T.] NOAA AOML HRD, Miami, FL USA.
[Murphy, Kathleen A.] AMS Educ Resource Educator, St Louis, MO USA.
[Olsen, Lola] NASA, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Stanitski, Diane M.] Geocation LLC, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Pandya, R (reprint author), UCAR, SOARS, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
EM pandya@ucar.edu
RI Murillo, Shirley/C-3259-2014; Ackerman, Steven/G-1640-2011
OI Murillo, Shirley/0000-0002-2075-8682; Ackerman,
Steven/0000-0002-4476-0269
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 92
IS 1
BP 61
EP 64
DI 10.1175/2010BAMS2933.1
PG 4
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 729OD
UT WOS:000287959200013
ER
PT J
AU Thorne, PW
Vose, RS
AF Thorne, P. W.
Vose, R. S.
TI Comments on "Reanalyses Suitable for Characterizing Long-Term Trends"
Reply
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Thorne, P. W.] Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC USA.
[Thorne, P. W.; Vose, R. S.] NOAA Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA.
RP Thorne, PW (reprint author), Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC USA.
RI Thorne, Peter/F-2225-2014
OI Thorne, Peter/0000-0003-0485-9798
NR 7
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 92
IS 1
BP 70
EP 72
DI 10.1175/2010BAMS3145.1
PG 3
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 729OD
UT WOS:000287959200015
ER
PT J
AU Smith, TM
Lakshmanan, V
AF Smith, Travis M.
Lakshmanan, Valliappa
TI Real-time, rapidly updating severe weather products for virtual globes
SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE Virtual globes; KML; Weather; Radar; Tornadoes; Hail
ID IDENTIFICATION; REFLECTIVITY; HAIL
AB It is critical that weather forecasters are able to put severe weather information from a variety of observational and modeling platforms into a geographic context so that warning information can be effectively conveyed to the public, emergency managers, and disaster response teams. The availability of standards for the specification and transport of virtual globe data products has made it possible to generate spatially precise, geo-referenced images and to distribute these centrally created products via a web server to a wide audience.
In this paper, we describe the data and methods for enabling severe weather threat analysis information inside a KML framework. The method of creating severe weather diagnosis products that are generated and translating them to KML and image files is described. We illustrate some of the practical applications of these data when they are integrated into a virtual globe display. The availability of standards for interoperable virtual globe clients has not completely alleviated the need for custom solutions. We conclude by pointing out several of the limitations of the general-purpose virtual globe clients currently available. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Smith, Travis M.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
RP Smith, TM (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
EM Travis.Smith@noaa.gov; Valliappa.Lakshmanan@noaa.gov
FU NOAA-OU [NA17RJ1227]
FX Funding for this research was provided under NOAA-OU Cooperative
Agreement NA17RJ1227. The statements, findings, conclusions, and
recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect
the views of the National Severe Storms Laboratory, the U.S. Department
of Commerce, or the University of Oklahoma. The authors thank CIMMS/NSSL
scientists (Kurt Hondl, Greg Stumpf, Kevin Manross, Kiel Ortega), the
WDSS-II development team (Robert Toomey, Charles Kerr and Jeff Brogden)
and NSSL IT staff (Karen Cooper) for their contributions to this
project. We also thank all the NWS forecasters and members of the
general public who provided feedback and suggestions on the imagery and
KML data interface.
NR 29
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U1 0
U2 4
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0098-3004
J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK
JI Comput. Geosci.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 37
IS 1
SI SI
BP 3
EP 12
DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2010.03.023
PG 10
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences,
Multidisciplinary
SC Computer Science; Geology
GA 716WK
UT WOS:000287004000002
ER
PT J
AU Linteris, GT
AF Linteris, Gregory T.
TI Clean Agent Suppression of Energized Electrical Equipment Fires
SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Class C fires; Halon replacements; Fire suppression; Clean agents
ID HEATED METAL-SURFACE; METHANE-AIR FLAMES; DIFFUSION FLAMES; CUP-BURNER;
FLAMMABILITY; EXTINGUISHMENT; INHIBITION; COMBUSTION; POLYMERS; IGNITION
AB The NFPA 2001 standard on the use of clean agents for the suppression of fires arose from the phase-out of Halon 1301. Standard methods exists for specifying the amount of clean agent required for Class A and Class B fires, but the recommendation for Class C fires (those involving energized electrical equipment) defaults to the Class A values. While this may be appropriate for some Class C fires, there is concern that higher agent concentration may be necessary if energy is added to the fire by the electrical source. A number of test methods have been proposed to determine the amount of agent required to suppress fires in energized electrical equipment; however, there has been no broad agreement on a test method to include in NFPA 2001 for Class C fires. Further, some of the test methods suggest that the current recommended total flooding concentration is sufficient, while others suggest that higher concentrations may be necessary for some fires. This report reviews the role of energy augmentation in the suppression of fires over condensed phase materials. A test protocol is suggested which can quantify the effects of added energy on the suppression process.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Linteris, GT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM linteris@nist.gov
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011
FU Fire Protection Research Foundation; Casey Grant
FX This project was funded by the Fire Protection Research Foundation. The
helpfulness of the project's technical panel and industry sponsors who
provided input is greatly appreciated; many of the contacts they
recommended were extremely helpful, and we are much obliged to them for
their input. We appreciate the helpful guidance of Casey Grant
throughout the project. We are indebted to Soonil Nam and Robert Kasiski
of FM Global for providing the detailed case histories, and follow-up
information, and to Richard Gann for a careful review of the manuscript.
NR 72
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 6
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0015-2684
J9 FIRE TECHNOL
JI Fire Technol.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 47
IS 1
BP 1
EP 68
DI 10.1007/s10694-009-0109-5
PG 68
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA 702EY
UT WOS:000285878600001
ER
PT J
AU Gann, RG
Hnetkovsky, EJ
AF Gann, Richard G.
Hnetkovsky, Edward J.
TI Modification of ASTM E 2187 for Measuring the Ignition Propensity of
Conventional Cigarettes
SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE ASTM E2187; Cigarette; Cigarette ignition propensity; Cigarette ignition
resistance; Fire; Fire safety; Fire test; Mattresses; Upholstered
furniture
AB Current existing and proposed US flammability standards for soft furnishings such as mattresses and upholstered furniture specify a "standard" cigarette as the ignition source in smoldering resistance performance tests. With the increasing prevalence of reduced ignition propensity cigarettes in the marketplace, the conventional cigarette that has been most widely used in smolder resistance testing is no longer in production. To support manufacturers and testing organizations in product design and testing, and to assist regulators in the compliance evaluation process, a continuing supply of standard conventional cigarettes is required. A key first step in establishing such a supply is the development of a measurement method for quantifying the ignition propensity of a standard cigarette similar to the one currently used for testing soft furnishings. This article describes such a measurement method. It also reports performance data for the conventional test cigarette and other contemporary cigarettes.
C1 [Gann, Richard G.; Hnetkovsky, Edward J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Gann, RG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM rggann@nist.gov
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011
FU US Consumer Product Safety Commission
FX This work was supported by the US Consumer Product Safety Commission.
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0015-2684
J9 FIRE TECHNOL
JI Fire Technol.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 47
IS 1
BP 69
EP 83
DI 10.1007/s10694-009-0120-x
PG 15
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA 702EY
UT WOS:000285878600002
ER
PT J
AU Thomas, DS
Butry, DT
Prestemon, JP
AF Thomas, Douglas S.
Butry, David T.
Prestemon, Jeffrey P.
TI Enticing Arsonists with Broken Windows and Social Disorder
SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Broken Windows; Arson; Social disorder; Wildland-urban interface
ID CRIME; TIME
AB In criminology, it is well understood that indicators of urban decay, such as abandoned buildings littered with broken windows, provide criminals with signals identifying neighborhoods with lower crime detection and apprehension rates than better maintained neighborhoods. Whether it is the resident population's sense of apathy, lack of civic pride, or fear of confrontation that causes criminals to perceive an easy mark, it nevertheless emboldens them to strike. Previous research of wildland arson hints that broken windows (e.g., areas of criminal activity) are partly responsible for arson outbreaks within the wildland-urban interface. We model the incidence of wildland and non-wildland arson ignitions in Michigan from 2001 to 2005 as a function of constructed Broken Windows indices. Our results suggest that crime prevention and urban revitalization programs may be as valuable as fire suppression, fuels management, and law enforcement in limiting incidence and the damage from both wildland and non-wildland arson.
C1 [Thomas, Douglas S.; Butry, David T.] NIST, Off Appl Econ, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Prestemon, Jeffrey P.] US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, So Res Stn, USDA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
RP Butry, DT (reprint author), NIST, Off Appl Econ, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM david.butry@nist.gov
NR 25
TC 6
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U1 2
U2 14
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0015-2684
J9 FIRE TECHNOL
JI Fire Technol.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 47
IS 1
BP 255
EP 273
DI 10.1007/s10694-010-0145-1
PG 19
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA 702EY
UT WOS:000285878600009
ER
PT J
AU Brodziak, J
Ishimura, G
AF Brodziak, Jon
Ishimura, Gakushi
TI Development of Bayesian production models for assessing the North
Pacific swordfish population
SO FISHERIES SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Bayesian; Swordfish; Production model; North Pacific
ID STRUCTURED ASSESSMENT METHOD; PELAGIC LONGLINE FISHERY; XIPHIAS-GLADIUS;
STOCK ASSESSMENT; AGE; CAUGHT; OCEAN
AB Bayesian surplus production models were developed for assessing the North Pacific swordfish population under alternative scenarios: a single-stock scenario and a two-stock scenario with subareas that represented the western central and eastern Pacific Ocean regions. Biomass production was modeled with a three-parameter production model that allowed production to vary from the symmetric Schaefer curve using an estimated shape parameter. Lognormal prior distributions for intrinsic growth rate and carrying capacity were assumed. Goodness-of-fit diagnostics were developed for comparing the fits of alternative model configurations based on the root-mean squared error of catch per unit effort (CPUE) fits and the standardized CPUE residuals. Production model fits for 1952-2006 indicated that the Japanese longline CPUE numbers were influential under each stock scenario because these scenarios were the longest time series of relative abundance indices. Model results also indicated that assumptions about the prior means for intrinsic growth rate and carrying capacity may be important based on the model configuration.
C1 [Ishimura, Gakushi] Hokkaido Univ, Ctr Sustainabil Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600809, Japan.
[Brodziak, Jon] NOAA Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
RP Ishimura, G (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Ctr Sustainabil Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600809, Japan.
EM gakugaku@sgp.hokudai.ac.jp
NR 26
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U1 0
U2 11
PU SPRINGER TOKYO
PI TOKYO
PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN
SN 0919-9268
J9 FISHERIES SCI
JI Fish. Sci.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 77
IS 1
BP 22
EP 33
DI 10.1007/s12562-010-0300-0
PG 12
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 729FW
UT WOS:000287935100002
ER
PT J
AU Friess, C
Sedberry, GR
AF Friess, Claudia
Sedberry, George R.
TI Age, growth, and spawning season of red bream (Beryx decadactylus) off
the southeastern United States
SO FISHERY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
ID REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; BOMB RADIOCARBON; POLYPRION-AMERICANUS;
NORTH-ATLANTIC; NEW-CALEDONIA; VALIDATION; SPLENDENS; OTOLITHS; FISH;
ALFONSINO
AB Red bream (Beryx decadactylus) is a commercially important deep-sea benthopelagic fish with a circumglobal distribution on insular and continental slopes and seamounts. In the United States, small numbers are caught incidentally in the wreckfish (Polyprion americanus) fishery which operates off the southeastern coast, but no biological information exists for the management of the U.S. red bream population. For this study, otoliths (n=163) and gonads (n=161) were collected from commercially caught red bream between 2003 and 2008 to determine life history parameters. Specimens ranged in size from 410 to 630 mm fork length and were all determined to be mature by histological examination of the gonads. Females in spawning condition were observed from June through September, and reproductively active males were found year-round. Sectioned otoliths were difficult to interpret, but maximum age estimates were much higher than the 15 years previously reported for this species from the eastern North Atlantic based on whole-otolith analysis. Estimated ages ranged from 8 to 69 years, and a minimum lifespan of 49 years was validated by using bomb radiocarbon dating. Natural mortality was estimated at 0.06/yr. This study shows that red bream are longer lived and more vulnerable to overfishing than previously assumed and should be managed carefully to prevent overexploitation.
C1 [Friess, Claudia] Coll Charleston, Grice Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
[Sedberry, George R.] Grays Reef Natl Marine Sanctuary, Savannah, GA 31411 USA.
RP Friess, C (reprint author), Ocean Conservancy, 106 E 6th St, Austin, TX 78701 USA.
EM cfriess@oceanconservancy.org
FU NOAA Fisheries Special Programs Office [NA03NMF4720321, NA17FF2874];
NOAA [NA03OAR-4600097, NA0ROAR4600055]
FX We thank B. White, J. Loefer, and M. Reichert for assisting with otolith
interpretation and aging. P. Harris and A. Strand helped with data
analysis. A. Williams and D. Wyanski assisted with the interpretation of
reproductive stages, and A. Williams served as second reader of the
histological sections. The members of the MARMAP program helped with
sample collection and processing, and G. Menezes provided otoliths from
eastern North Atlantic red bream. We thank S. Campana for advice on
interpretation of otolith growth bands. We thank O. Hamel for providing
the executable files and advice for running the deterministic models and
J. Cope for advice on using IGOR+ software. We thank A. Andrews, who
assisted with data analysis and interpretation, as well as K. McCarthy,
and two anonymous reviewers for providing detailed suggestions that led
to significant improvements at the manuscript stage. This research was
supported with grants from the NOAA Fisheries Special Programs Office
(NA03NMF4720321 and NA17FF2874; G. Sedberry and J. Loefer, principal
investigators). Submersible observations were supported with NOAA Ocean
Exploration grants NA03OAR-4600097 and NA0ROAR4600055, G. Sedberry,
principal investigator. This is contribution 357 from the Grice Marine
Laboratory.
NR 47
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 5
PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE
PI SEATTLE
PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA
SN 0090-0656
J9 FISH B-NOAA
JI Fish. Bull.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 109
IS 1
BP 20
EP 33
PG 14
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 709OG
UT WOS:000286449400002
ER
PT J
AU Cox, MK
Heintz, R
Hartman, K
AF Cox, M. Keith
Heintz, Ron
Hartman, Kyle
TI Measurements of resistance and reactance in fish with the use of
bioelectrical impedance analysis: sources of error
SO FISHERY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
ID BODY-COMPOSITION; SKIN TEMPERATURE; MUSCLE
AB New technologies can be riddled with unforeseen sources of error, jeopardizing the validity and application of their advancement. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a new technology in fisheries research that is capable of estimating proximate composition, condition, and energy content in fish quickly, cheaply, and (after calibration) without the need to sacrifice fish. Before BIA can be widely accepted in fisheries science, it is necessary to identify sources of error and determine a means to minimize potential errors with this analysis. We conducted controlled laboratory experiments to identify sources of errors within BIA measurements. We concluded that electrode needle location, procedure deviations, user experience, time after death, and temperature can affect resistance and reactance measurements. Sensitivity analyses showed that errors in predictive estimates of composition can be large (>50%) when these errors are experienced. Adherence to a strict protocol can help avoid these sources of error and provide BIA estimates that are both accurate and precise in a field or laboratory setting.
C1 [Cox, M. Keith; Heintz, Ron] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
[Hartman, Kyle] W Virginia Univ, Davis Coll Agr Forestry & Consumer Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.
RP Cox, MK (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, 11305 Glacier Hwy, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
EM Keith.Cox@noaa.gov
FU Alaska Fisheries Science Center; National Oceanic Atmospheric
Administration; West Virginia University; U.S. Department of
Agriculture; U.S. Forest Service; MeadWestvaco Corporation; West
Virginia Department of Wildlife; United States Forest Service;
University of Alaska; Sitka Sound Science Center, Sitka, Alaska;
Fairbanks
FX We acknowledge the financial support of the Alaska Fisheries Science
Center, National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration, West Virginia
University, U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Forest Service,
MeadWestvaco Corporation, West Virginia Department of Wildlife, United
States Forest Service, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, and the Sitka
Sound Science Center, Sitka, Alaska. We thank the many researchers and
volunteers that helped collect data.
NR 24
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 2
U2 4
PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE
PI SEATTLE
PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA
SN 0090-0656
J9 FISH B-NOAA
JI Fish. Bull.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 109
IS 1
BP 34
EP 47
PG 14
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 709OG
UT WOS:000286449400003
ER
PT J
AU Merritt, D
Donovan, MK
Kelley, C
Waterhouse, L
Parke, M
Wong, K
Drazen, JC
AF Merritt, Daniel
Donovan, Mary K.
Kelley, Christopher
Waterhouse, Lynn
Parke, Michael
Wong, Kevin
Drazen, Jeffrey C.
TI BotCam: a baited camera system for nonextractive monitoring of
bottomfish species
SO FISHERY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
ID SNAPPER PAGRUS-AURATUS; JUVENILE PINK SNAPPER; STEREO-VIDEO; DEEP-SEA;
PRISTIPOMOIDES-FILAMENTOSUS; UNDERWATER VIDEO; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; MARINE
RESERVES; DEMERSAL FISHES; DEPTH ZONATION
AB A stereo-video baited camera system (BotCam) has been developed as a fishery-independent tool to monitor and study deepwater fish species and their habitat. During testing, Bot Cam was deployed primarily in water depths between 100 and 300 m for an assessment of its use in monitoring and studying Hawaiian bottomfish species. Details of the video analyses and data from the pilot study with BotCam in Hawaii are presented. Multibeam bathymetry and backscatter data were used to delineate bottomfish habitat strata, and a stratified random sampling design was used for BotCam deployment locations. Video data were analyzed to assess relative fish abundance and to measure fish size composition. Results corroborate published depth ranges and zones of the target species, as well as their habitat preferences. The results indicate that BotCam is a promising tool for monitoring and studying demersal fish populations associated with deepwater habitats to a depth of 300 m, at mesohabitat scales. BotCam is a flexible, nonextractive, and economical means to better understand deepwater ecosystems and improve science-based ecosystem approaches to management.
C1 [Merritt, Daniel; Donovan, Mary K.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Merritt, Daniel; Donovan, Mary K.; Parke, Michael; Wong, Kevin] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Kelley, Christopher; Waterhouse, Lynn] HURL, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Drazen, Jeffrey C.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
RP Merritt, D (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, 1000 Pope Rd,MSB 312, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
EM Daniel.Merritt@noaa.gov
RI Drazen, Jeffrey/C-1197-2013
OI Drazen, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9613-3833
FU NOAA; Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council
FX The authors thank personnel from the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation
Program and the Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council
members for supporting this research and development effort. We
especially thank T. Hourigan of NOAA's Office of Habitat Conservation
for initially proposing this work and for his continued advice and
encouragement throughout the project. Much appreciation goes to V.
Moriwake and B. Alexander for their many hours of field work and video
analysis. The authors would also like to acknowledge the crew and
officers of the NOAA Ship RV Oscar Elton Sette and the Cates
International Inc. MV Wailoa for their important contributions to the
success of this project.
NR 39
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U1 0
U2 17
PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE
PI SEATTLE
PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA
SN 0090-0656
EI 1937-4518
J9 FISH B-NOAA
JI Fish. Bull.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 109
IS 1
BP 56
EP 67
PG 12
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 709OG
UT WOS:000286449400005
ER
PT J
AU DeMartini, EE
Everson, AR
Nichols, RS
AF DeMartini, Edward E.
Everson, Alan R.
Nichols, Ryan S.
TI Estimates of body sizes at maturation and at sex change, and the
spawning seasonality and sex ratio of the endemic Hawaiian grouper
(Hyporthodus quernus, F. Epinephelidae)
SO FISHERY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; GULF-OF-MEXICO; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY;
CEPHALOPHOLIS-BOENAK; STOCK DYNAMICS; FISH; SERRANIDAE; MANAGEMENT;
PATTERNS; AGE
AB A case study of the reproductive biology of the endemic Hawaiian grouper or hapu'upu'u (Hyporthodus quernus) is presented as a model for comprehensive future studies of economically important epinephelid groupers. Specimens were collected throughout multiple years (1978-81, 1992-93, and 2005-08) from most reefs and banks of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. The absence of small males, presence of atretic oocytes and brown bodies in testes of mature males, and both developed ovarian and testicular tissues in the gonads of five transitional fish provided evidence of protogynous hermaphroditism. No small mature males were collected, indicating that Hawaiian grouper are monandrous (all males are sex-changed females). Complementary microscopic criteria also were used to assign reproductive stage and estimate median body sizes (L-50) at female sexual maturity and at adult sex change from female to male. The L-50 at maturation and at sex change was 580 +/- 8 (95% confidence interval [CI]) mm total length (TL) and 895 +/- 20 mm TL, respectively. The adult sex ratio was strongly female biased (6:1). Spawning seasonality was described by using gonadosomatic indices. Females began ripening in the fall and remained ripe through April. A February-June main spawning period that followed peak ripening was deduced from the proportion of females whose ovaries contained hydrated oocytes, post-ovulatory follicles, or both. Testes weights were not affected by season; average testes weight was only about 0.2% of body weight-an order of magnitude smaller than that for ovaries that peaked at 1-3% of body weight. The species' reproductive life history is discussed in relation to its management.
C1 [DeMartini, Edward E.; Nichols, Ryan S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hawaii Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA.
[Everson, Alan R.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Reg Off, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA.
RP DeMartini, EE (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hawaii Res Ctr, 99-193 Aiea Hts Dr,Suite 417, Aiea, HI 96701 USA.
EM edward.demartini@noaa.gov
FU Federal Disaster Relief Project [657787]; University of Hawaii
FX We thank the many NOAA Fisheries biologists and technicians who
processed specimens used in this study and the captains and crews of
NOAA research vessels for their assistance. We acknowledge Federal
Disaster Relief Project no. 657787, and the Pelagic Fisheries Research
Program (University of Hawaii), for funding the purchase of recent
specimens; A. Andrews and R. Humphreys for reviewing the draft
manuscript; and M. McCracken for statistical advice. This article is
dedicated to the memory of Julia P. Leung DeMartini, who photo-edited
the final version of Figure 3; may her many memes continue to spread
throughout the biological research community.
NR 51
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 5
PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE
PI SEATTLE
PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA
SN 0090-0656
EI 1937-4518
J9 FISH B-NOAA
JI Fish. Bull.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 109
IS 1
BP 123
EP 134
PG 12
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 709OG
UT WOS:000286449400011
ER
PT J
AU Fu, RS
Preston, JS
Pasaogullari, U
Shiomi, T
Miyazaki, S
Tabuchi, Y
Hussey, DS
Jacobson, DL
AF Fu, Richard S.
Preston, Joshua S.
Pasaogullari, Ugur
Shiomi, Takeshi
Miyazaki, Shinichi
Tabuchi, Yuichiro
Hussey, Daniel S.
Jacobson, David L.
TI Water Transport Across a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane under Thermal
Gradients
SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID PEM FUEL-CELL; NEUTRON IMAGING TECHNIQUE; IN-SITU MEASUREMENT; LIQUID
WATER; DIFFUSION; IMPACT; NAFION; RADIOGRAPHY; PERFORMANCE; MANAGEMENT
AB A fundamental experimental and numerical study of the water transport across a perfluorosulfonic acid membrane under a temperature gradient is presented. The water transport phenomenon was experimentally investigated through water flux measurement and neutron radiography. The experimental observations found that water is transported in the direction from the high temperature side to the low temperature side, when both sides of the membrane are sufficiently humidified, and suggest that the transport mechanism is concentration gradient driven. The neutron radiography measurements detected the presence of water content gradient across the membrane and higher water content is seen at a larger thermal gradient. A numerical model was developed to investigate the experimental results. Water transport predictions agreed qualitatively but more accurate material and transport property characterizations are needed for further improvement. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3530794] All rights reserved.
C1 [Fu, Richard S.; Preston, Joshua S.; Pasaogullari, Ugur; Shiomi, Takeshi] Univ Connecticut, Dept Mech Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
[Fu, Richard S.; Preston, Joshua S.; Pasaogullari, Ugur; Shiomi, Takeshi] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Clean Energy Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
[Shiomi, Takeshi; Miyazaki, Shinichi; Tabuchi, Yuichiro] Nissan Motor Co Ltd, Nissan Res Ctr, Kanagawa 2378523, Japan.
[Hussey, Daniel S.; Jacobson, David L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Fu, RS (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Mech Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
EM ugur.pasaogullari@uconn.edu
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Pasaogullari, Ugur/D-8761-2013
FU Nissan Motors, Ltd.; U.S. Department of Commerce; NIST Ionizing
Radiation Division; Director's office of NIST; NIST Center for Neutron
Research; Department of Energy [DE-AI01-01EE50660]; National Science
Foundation [CBET-0748063]
FX The authors thank Eli Baltic of the NIST for technical assistance in
carrying out the neutron radiography experiments and acknowledge Nissan
Motors, Ltd., for funding this research. This work was supported by the
U.S. Department of Commerce, the NIST Ionizing Radiation Division, the
Director's office of NIST, the NIST Center for Neutron Research, and the
Department of Energy through interagency agreement no.
DE-AI01-01EE50660. Financial support for this work from National Science
Foundation grant no. CBET-0748063 is also acknowledged.
NR 38
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 2
U2 14
PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC
PI PENNINGTON
PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA
SN 0013-4651
J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC
JI J. Electrochem. Soc.
PY 2011
VL 158
IS 3
BP B303
EP B312
DI 10.1149/1.3530794
PG 10
WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films
SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science
GA 712PE
UT WOS:000286677900030
ER
PT J
AU Brennan, RG
Phillips, MM
Yang, LYO
Moffat, TP
AF Brennan, Ryan G.
Phillips, Melissa M.
Yang, Liang-Yueh Ou
Moffat, Thomas P.
TI Characterization and Purification of Commercial SPS and MPS by Ion
Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry
SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID COPPER PLATING BATHS; BIS-(3-SODIUMSULFOPROPYL DISULFIDE); INTERCONNECT
METALLIZATION; ELECTROPLATING BATH; ADDITIVES; ELECTRODEPOSITION;
COMPONENTS; ACID; FILL
AB SPS (bis-(3-sulfopropyl) disulfide) is an essential electrolyte additive used in the fabrication of copper interconnects by electrodeposition. In electroplating baths, the disulfide component of SPS may be cleaved to form the thiol analog, MPS (3-mercaptopropyl sulfonate), by either homogenous interactions with the Cu(I) reaction intermediate or by dissociative adsorption onto the copper surface. However, mechanistic studies into the role of these additives in copper electrodeposition are presently constrained by limited knowledge of the purity of commercially available SPS and MPS. This report details the use of ion chromatography (IC) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry to characterize aqueous solutions of commercial SPS and MPS source materials. Sulfate (2.0%) and propane disulfonic acid (0.9%) (PDS) were determined to be the principal impurities in SPS (96.3% estimated purity, mass fraction). IC fractionation was used to purify and isolate SPS for surface and electroanalytical studies. Stability of SPS, MPS, and PDS in the presence of O(2) and Cu(II) was also examined. No degradation of SPS or PDS in aqueous solution was observed over a 3-month period. Solutions of MPS were metastable to O(2) saturation, but the addition of Cu(II) resulted in formation of SPS by dimerization as well as parasitic PDS generation. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3537819] All rights reserved.
C1 [Brennan, Ryan G.; Phillips, Melissa M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Yang, Liang-Yueh Ou; Moffat, Thomas P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Brennan, RG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM thomas.moffat@nist.gov
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011
NR 23
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 2
U2 13
PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC
PI PENNINGTON
PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA
SN 0013-4651
J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC
JI J. Electrochem. Soc.
PY 2011
VL 158
IS 3
BP D178
EP D186
DI 10.1149/1.3537819
PG 9
WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films
SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science
GA 712PE
UT WOS:000286677900053
ER
PT J
AU Shillinger, GL
Swithenbank, AM
Bailey, H
Bograd, SJ
Castelton, MR
Wallace, BP
Spotila, JR
Paladino, FV
Piedra, R
Block, BA
AF Shillinger, George L.
Swithenbank, Alan M.
Bailey, Helen
Bograd, Steven J.
Castelton, Michael R.
Wallace, Bryan P.
Spotila, James R.
Paladino, Frank V.
Piedra, Rotney
Block, Barbara A.
TI Vertical and horizontal habitat preferences of post-nesting leatherback
turtles in the South Pacific Ocean
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE Leatherback turtle; Post-nesting migration; Generalized additive models;
Sea surface temperature; Surface chlorophyll concentration; Satellite
tracking; Remote sensing
ID PELAGIC LONGLINE FISHERY; MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC;
DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; SEA-TURTLES; SATELLITE TELEMETRY; CARETTA-CARETTA;
LEPIDOCHELYS-OLIVACEA; TROPICAL PACIFIC; ATLANTIC-OCEAN
AB Leatherback turtles are the largest and widest ranging turtle species, and spend much of their time in the offshore pelagic environment. However, the high seas have thus far received little management attention to protect their ecosystems and biodiversity. We tagged 46 female leatherback turtles with satellite transmitters at Playa Grande, Costa Rica from 2004 to 2007. In the present study, we analyzed the vertical and horizontal habitat preferences of these leatherback turtles in the South Pacific Ocean. The turtles exhibited short, shallow dives during their migration southward (mean depth: 45 m; mean duration: 23.6 min), followed by deeper, longer dives (mean depth: 56.7 m; mean duration: 26.4 min) in the South Pacific Gyre that probably indicated searching for prey. We integrated the horizontal movements with remotely sensed oceanographic data to determine the turtles' response to the environment, and applied this information to recommendations for conservation in the pelagic environment. A generalized additive mixed model applied to the daily turtle travel rates confirmed that slower travel rates occurred at cooler sea surface temperatures, higher chlorophyll a concentration and stronger vertical Ekman upwelling, all of which are considered favorable foraging conditions. The southern terminus (35 to 37 degrees S) of the leatherback tracks was also in an area of increased mesoscale activity that might act as a physical mechanism to aggregate their prey, gelatinous zooplankton. However, this could also act as a thermal limit to their distribution. This characterization of leatherback habitat use could aid the development of management efforts within the South Pacific Ocean to reduce mortality of leatherback turtles from fisheries interactions.
C1 [Shillinger, George L.; Swithenbank, Alan M.; Castelton, Michael R.; Block, Barbara A.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA.
[Bailey, Helen; Bograd, Steven J.] NOAA, NMFS, SWFSC, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA.
[Bailey, Helen] UMCES, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA.
[Wallace, Bryan P.] Conservat Int, Global Marine Div, Arlington, VA 22202 USA.
[Wallace, Bryan P.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Div Marine Sci & Conservat, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
[Spotila, James R.] Drexel Univ, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[Paladino, Frank V.] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Wayne, IN 46805 USA.
[Piedra, Rotney] Minist Ambiente & Energia & Telecomun, San Jose 101041000, Costa Rica.
RP Shillinger, GL (reprint author), Ctr Ocean Solut, 99 Pacific St,Suite 155A, Monterey, CA 93940 USA.
EM georges@stanford.edu
RI Bailey, Helen/E-6813-2012; Logger, Satellite/C-1379-2010
OI Bailey, Helen/0000-0001-7445-4687;
FU Tagging of Pacific Predators program of the Census of Marine Life;
Office of Naval Research; UNESCO (via the United Nations Foundation);
Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Packard
Foundation; Lenfest Ocean Program; Cinco Hermanos Fund; Earthwatch
Institute; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
FX This research was sponsored by the Tagging of Pacific Predators program
of the Census of Marine Life, and supported by the Office of Naval
Research, the UNESCO World Heritage Program (via the United Nations
Foundation and Global Conservation Fund of Conservation International),
the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation,
the Packard Foundation, the Lenfest Ocean Program, the Cinco Hermanos
Fund, Earthwatch Institute, and the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA) through a grant provided by the Applied Sciences
Program in the Earth Science Division. The research was performed in
accordance with the Stanford University Animal Care and Use Committee.
The authors thank The Leatherback Trust, Earthwatch Institute, and the
Betz Chair of Environmental Science at Drexel University for their
assistance with this project. The altimeter products were produced by
Ssalto/Duacs and distributed by Aviso, with support from the Centre
National d'Etudes Spatiales, France. The authors thank the Ocean Biology
Processing Group at the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center for the
production and distribution of the SeaWiFS ocean color data. These
activities are sponsored by NASA's Mission to Planet Earth Program. The
Smith and Sandwell digital bathymetry was obtained from the Institute of
Geophysics and Planetary Physics at the Scripps Institution of
Oceanography. We thank J. Thompson, J. Wible, S. Eckert, D. Foley, D.
Palacios, L. DeWitt, M. Fedak, P. Lovell, J. Ganong, D. Kohrs, V. Saba,
and P. Santidrian-Tomillo for technical assistance. The Costa Rican
Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment provided research
permits. We also thank G. Goldring, the Goldring Marine Biology Station,
and the staff and volunteers at Parque Nacional Marino Las Baulas for
support at Playa Grande. This is contribution number 4483 of the
University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science (UMCES).
NR 77
TC 24
Z9 25
U1 2
U2 79
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PY 2011
VL 422
BP 275
EP 289
DI 10.3354/meps08884
PG 15
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA 715ZD
UT WOS:000286933500025
ER
PT J
AU Roether, W
Lupton, JE
AF Roether, W.
Lupton, J. E.
TI Tracers confirm downward mixing of Tyrrhenian Sea upper waters
associated with the Eastern Mediterranean Transient
SO OCEAN SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID HYDROGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS; DEEP-WATER; TRITIUM; HELIUM; DYNAMICS;
STRAIT
AB Observations of tritium and He-3 in the Tyrrhenian Sea, 1987-2009, confirm the enhanced vertical mixing of intermediate waters into the deep waters that has been noted and associated with the Eastern Mediterranean Transient in previous studies. Our evidence for the mixing rests on increasing tracer concentrations in the Tyrrhenian deep waters, accompanied by decreases in the upper waters, which are supplied from the Eastern Mediterranean. The downward transfer is particularly evident between 1987 and 1997. Later on, information partly rests on increasing tritium-He-3 ages; here we correct the observed 3He for contributions released from the ocean floor. The Tyrrhenian tracer distributions are fully compatible with data upstream of the Sicily Strait and in the Western Mediterranean. The tracer data show that mixing reached to the bottom and confirm a cyclonic nature of the deep water circulation in the Tyrrhenian. They furthermore indicate that horizontal homogenization of the deep waters occurs on a time scale of roughly 5 years. Various features point to a reduced impact of Western Mediterranean Deep Water (WMDW) in the Tyrrhenian during the enhanced-mixing period. This is an important finding because it implies less upward mixing of WMDW, which has been named a major process to enable the WMDW to leave the Mediterranean via the Gibraltar Strait. On the other hand, the TDW outflow for several years represented a major influx of enhanced salinity and density waters into the deep-water range of the Western Mediterranean.
C1 [Roether, W.] Univ Bremen, Inst Umweltphys, Bremen, Germany.
[Lupton, J. E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
RP Roether, W (reprint author), Univ Bremen, Inst Umweltphys, Bremen, Germany.
EM wroether@physik.uni-bremen.de
FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Germany; European
Union, Brussels, Belgium; NOAA
FX The METEOR cruises and part of the tracer measurements at Bremen were
funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Bonn-Bad Godesberg,
Germany. Further support was received by various grants of the European
Union, Brussels, Belgium. We are grateful for the assistance of the
masters and crew of the various cruises and for the efforts of numerous
helpers at sea and in our laboratories, without whom the present study
would not have been possible. We thank Monika Rhein, Bremen, principle
investigator of the POSEIDON 234 cruise, for providing data, and Katrin
Schroder and Gian Pietro Gasparini, Pozzuolo di Lerici, for the CTD data
from their 2007 Geostar station and for useful commentary. Leigh Evans
and Ron Greene carried out the tracer measurements in Newport, and that
work was supported by the NOAA Vents Program. We thank Mario Sprovieri
and Angelo Bonanno for sampling on the Etymed expedition, and Sharon
Walker for assistance with the CTD data. This is PMEL publication No.
3592.
NR 28
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 7
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1812-0784
J9 OCEAN SCI
JI Ocean Sci.
PY 2011
VL 7
IS 1
BP 91
EP 99
DI 10.5194/os-7-91-2011
PG 9
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography
GA 727LI
UT WOS:000287801000006
ER
PT J
AU Molinari, RL
AF Molinari, Robert L.
TI Information from low-density expendable bathythermograph transects:
North Atlantic mean temperature structure and quasi-decadal variability
SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Review
ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; GULF-STREAM; OCEAN; OSCILLATION; CIRCULATION; WATER;
ICELAND; 1990S; MODEL; EAST
AB The 1999 Ocean Observing System conference recommended that the Low density (LD) expendable bathythermograph (XBT) network be discontinued contingent on the completion of studies showing that the global Argo network and/or satellite altimetry can provide equivalent information. Herein, information content in North Atlantic LD lines relative to quasi-decadal variability in upper layer temperature structure is addressed as the first step in achieving this recommendation. Two LD lines are located in the subpolar gyre and support results from previous studies of shorter length that ocean advection and not only air-sea fluxes plays an important role, particularly in the eastern gyre, in determining the characteristics of the water masses transported to the source regions of North Atlantic Deep Water. Several sections cross the Gulf Stream and Labrador Current. They provide evidence to support the hypothesis that changes in the intensity of Labrador Current properties cause meridional motions of the Gulf Stream. Decadal variability in the subtropical gyre of the North Atlantic has been attributed to westward propagation of temperature anomalies by the mean currents and planetary waves. Modeling studies suggest that these signals are dominant in the thermocline at the northern latitudes (order 30) of the subtropical gyre. Similar calculations from a line crossing the subtropical gyre at these same latitudes shows no indication of westward propagation. Quasi-decadal signals in upper layer temperature are coincident across the entire gyre with some suggestion of eastward motion of temperature anomalies. One line on the southern boundary of the subtropical gyre does include westward signal movement from the eastern boundary. Based on the information content of individual lines, recommendations are made relative to the continuation of specific transects until it has been demonstrated that Argo and satellite altimetry can provide equivalent results. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Molinari, Robert L.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Molinari, Robert L.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Molinari, RL (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Int CLIVAR Project Off, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Waterfront Campus,European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England.
EM Robert.Molinari@noc.soton.ac.uk
FU NOAA's Climate Project Office; Physical Oceanography Division (PhOD) of
NOAA's AOML; PhOD
FX NOAA's Climate Project Office and the Physical Oceanography Division
(PhOD) of NOAA's AOML funded this work. Neither group participated in
the preparation of this manuscript. The financial support provided by
PhOD, the programming support provided by Mr. J. Festa, and the figure
preparation by Mrs. R. Lusic are gratefully acknowledged. The excellent
comments provided by Dr. C. Meinen and three anonymous reviewers are
also greatly appreciated.
NR 40
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 6
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0079-6611
J9 PROG OCEANOGR
JI Prog. Oceanogr.
PD JAN-MAR
PY 2011
VL 88
IS 1-4
BP 131
EP 149
DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2010.12.013
PG 19
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 727VH
UT WOS:000287830400008
ER
PT J
AU Torell, LA
McDaniel, KC
Koren, V
AF Torell, L. Allen
McDaniel, Kirk C.
Koren, Victor
TI Estimating Grass Yield on Blue Grama Range From Seasonal Rainfall and
Soil Moisture Measurements
SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE biomass prediction model; Bouteloua gracilis; climate; modified
Sacramento soil moisture accounting model; precipitation; rangeland net
primary production (NPP); soil water-NPP relationships
ID FIRE; PRECIPITATION; WEATHER; PRAIRIE; CLIMATE
AB To estimate annual forage production from moisture conditions it is important to consider the timing and seasonality of precipitation events as well as the past history of storm events. In this study we examined this relationship using 16 yr of annual measurements of herbaceous standing crop recorded at two study sites located on the Corona Range and Livestock Research Center in central New Mexico. Our hypothesis was that end-of-season herbaceous standing crop estimations could be improved using measured soil moisture instead of seasonal accumulations of rainfall as traditionally used for yield prediction. Daily recorded and simulated soil moisture levels were used to estimate the number of days over the growing season when soil moisture by volume was at low (< 20%), intermediate (20% to 30%), or high (>= 30%) levels. Defining regression equations to include either simulated or probe-recorded measures of soil moisture improved the adjusted R(2) of the regression models from 46% for the rainfall model to over 60% for various soil moisture models. Key variables for explaining annual variation in herbaceous production included seasonal moisture conditions, the amount of broom snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae [Pursh] Britt. & Rushy) present on the area, and the degree days of temperature accumulated over the growing season. Diurnal daily temperatures near historical averages were most advantageous for forage production. Simulated soil moisture data improved predictive grass yield estimates to a level equivalent to using onsite moisture probes to categorize daily moisture conditions. Potential exists to better predict forage conditions based on forecast information that uses soil moisture data instead of the traditional input of seasonal rainfall totals.
C1 [Torell, L. Allen] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agr Econ & Agr Business, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA.
[McDaniel, Kirk C.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA.
[Koren, Victor] Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Torell, LA (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, POB 30003,MSC 3169, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA.
EM atorell@nmsu.edu
FU New Mexico State University's Agricultural Experiment Station under a US
Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research Service; State of
New Mexico; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National
Weather Service Office of Hydrologic Development [DG131W05BU1035]
FX Research was supported by New Mexico State University's Agricultural
Experiment Station under a US Department of Agriculture Cooperative
State Research Service special grant for Rangeland Ecology Research and
a State of New Mexico legislative appropriation for broom snakeweed
research. Assistance and funding were also provided by the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service Office
of Hydrologic Development, contract DG131W05BU1035.
NR 29
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 19
PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT
PI LAKEWOOD
PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA
SN 1550-7424
J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG
JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 64
IS 1
BP 56
EP 66
DI 10.2111/REM-D-09-00107.1
PG 11
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 716UP
UT WOS:000286999300007
ER
PT J
AU Gillen, G
Szakal, C
Brewer, TM
AF Gillen, Greg
Szakal, Christopher
Brewer, Tim M.
TI Useful yields of organicmolecules under dynamic SIMS cluster bombardment
SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT SIMS XVII Conference
CY SEP, 2009
CL Toronto, CANADA
DE Cluster SIMS; secondary ion mass spectrometry; useful yield
ID ION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; EMISSION; MATRIX
AB Useful yields have been measured for a series of organic compounds using Ar+, SF5+ and Bi-3(+) primary ion bombardment under high dose (>10(13) ions/cm(2)) SIMS sputtering conditions on both magnetic sector and ToF-SIMS instruments. A precision inkjet deposition system was used to produce well defined arrays of microdrops on silicon with each deposit containing a known number of analyte molecules. The individual deposits were sputtered until consumed while monitoring the integrated characteristic molecular secondary ions for each analyte. The ratio of integrated counts to the number of molecules in the deposit defines the useful yield of the experiment. Measured useful yields varied from 1 x 10(-2) to less than 1 x 10(-8) depending on the compound examined, the probe beam used and the instrument configuration. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Gillen, Greg; Szakal, Christopher; Brewer, Tim M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Gillen, G (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM greg.gillen@nist.gov
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011
NR 8
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 5
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0142-2421
EI 1096-9918
J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL
JI Surf. Interface Anal.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2011
VL 43
IS 1-2
BP 376
EP 379
DI 10.1002/sia.3484
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 725TR
UT WOS:000287669500093
ER
PT J
AU Rognvaldsson, O
Bao, JW
Agustsson, H
Olafsson, H
AF Rognvaldsson, O.
Bao, J. -W.
Agustsson, H.
Olafsson, H.
TI Downslope windstorm in Iceland - WRF/MM5 model comparison
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID BULK PARAMETERIZATION; MOUNTAIN WAVES; PART III; SENSITIVITY;
SIMULATION; BORA; PRECIPITATION; CONVECTION; BREAKING; SCHEME
AB A severe windstorm downstream of Mt. Orfaefajokull in Southeast Iceland is simulated on a grid of 1 km horizontal resolution by using the PSU/NCAR MM5 model and the Advanced Research WRF model. Both models are run with a new, two equation planetary boundary layer (PBL) scheme as well as the ETA/MYJ PBL schemes. The storm is also simulated using six different micro-physics schemes in combination with the MYJ PBL scheme in WRF, as well as one "dry" run. Output from a 3 km MM5 domain simulation is used to initialise and drive both the 1 km MM5 and WRF simulations. Both models capture gravity-wave breaking over Mt. Orfaefajokull, while the vertical structure of the lee wave differs between the two models and the PBL schemes. The WRF simulated downslope winds, using both the MYJ and 2EQ PBL schemes, are in good agreement with the strength of the observed downslope windstorm. The MM5 simulated surface winds, with the new two equation model, are in better agreement to observations than when using the ETA scheme. Micro-physics processes are shown to play an important role in the formation of downslope windstorms and a correctly simulated moisture distribution is decisive for a successful windstorm prediction. Of the microphysics schemes tested, only the Thompson scheme captures the downslope windstorm.
C1 [Rognvaldsson, O.; Agustsson, H.] Meteorol Res Inst, Reykjavik, Iceland.
[Rognvaldsson, O.] Univ Bergen UiB, Bergen, Norway.
[Bao, J. -W.] NOAA ESRL, Boulder, CO USA.
[Agustsson, H.; Olafsson, H.] Univ Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
[Olafsson, H.] Icelandic Meteorol Off, Reykjavik, Iceland.
RP Rognvaldsson, O (reprint author), Meteorol Res Inst, Reykjavik, Iceland.
EM or@belgingur.is
FU Icelandic Research Fund (Rannsoknarsjoour Islands) [70271013]; NORA
[550-025]
FX This work is part of the RAV-project which is funded in part by the
Icelandic Research Fund (Rannsoknarsjoour Islands), grant number
70271013, and the NORA funded project "Vejrtjeneste for soberedskab",
grant number 550-025. The weather stations, from which data has been
used in this study, belong to the Icelandic Meteorological Office, the
Icelandic Road Administration and the Icelandic Maritime Administration.
The authors thank Sara Michelson for reading over the manuscript.
NR 38
TC 5
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 6
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 1
BP 103
EP 120
DI 10.5194/acp-11-103-2011
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 705ZO
UT WOS:000286180200008
ER
PT J
AU Laurel, BJ
Hurst, TP
Ciannelli, L
AF Laurel, Benjamin J.
Hurst, Thomas P.
Ciannelli, Lorenzo
TI An experimental examination of temperature interactions in the
match-mismatch hypothesis for Pacific cod larvae
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; SOUTHEASTERN BERING SEA; ATLANTIC COD;
CLIMATE-CHANGE; GADUS-MORHUA; DEPENDENT GROWTH; LIMITED GROWTH; MARINE
FISH; NORTH-SEA; SURVIVAL
AB The match-mismatch hypothesis (MMH) predicts that marine fish larvae will have their highest rate of growth and survival when they overlap with their prey. However, Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) and other gadids continue to thrive in the Bering Sea despite delayed prey production resulting from warming and loss of sea ice. In this study, we examined how temperature mediates growth and survival of Pacific cod larvae under varying match-mismatch conditions. Cod larvae were reared at two temperatures (3 degrees C and 8 degrees C) and exposed to one of five different food treatments over a 6-week period: (i) high food (HF) (match); (ii) low food (LF); (iii) HF then LF (HF-LF); and (iv) LF then HF (LF-HF) (24 mismatch); and (v) no food (NF) (complete mismatch). Results showed that cold environments allow Pacific cod larvae to bridge gaps in prey availability (i.e., timing and magnitude), but negatively impact survival over longer periods. Under warmer conditions, mismatches in prey significantly impacted growth and survival. However, both yolk reserves and compensatory growth mechanisms reduced the severity of mismatches occurring in the first 3 weeks of development. Our results demonstrate a clear need to incorporate the direct effects of temperature on fish larvae in food limitation models.
C1 [Laurel, Benjamin J.; Hurst, Thomas P.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA,Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Ciannelli, Lorenzo] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Laurel, BJ (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA,Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
EM ben.laurel@noaa.gov
RI Hurst, Thomas/N-1401-2013
FU North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) [R0605]
FX Thanks to P. Iseri and M. Ottmar in the construction of laboratory
facilities and to S. Haines and L. Copeman for their help with live-food
cultures. We also thank B. Knoth and A. Abookire for their assistance
with egg collections in the field. Boat charters were kindly provided by
T. Tripp aboard the F/V Miss O. We thank I. Bradbury, A. Stoner, and M.
Davis for reviewing earlier drafts of this manuscript. This project was
supported with funding from the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB)
grant No. R0605 and is NPRB contribution No. 267.
NR 43
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 2
U2 20
PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 68
IS 1
BP 51
EP 61
DI 10.1139/F10-130
PG 11
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 718SK
UT WOS:000287146300005
ER
PT J
AU Schueller, AM
Hayes, DB
AF Schueller, Amy M.
Hayes, Daniel B.
TI Minimum viable population size for lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens)
using an individual-based model of demographics and genetics
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID CAPERCAILLIE TETRAO-UROGALLUS; INBREEDING DEPRESSION; VIABILITY
ANALYSIS; EXTINCTION RISK; CONSERVATION GENETICS; NATURAL-POPULATION;
WILD POPULATIONS; STOCHASTIC-MODEL; ATLANTIC FOREST; GREAT-LAKES
AB Population viability analysis is a useful tool to explore the relationship between extinction risk and population size, but often does not include genetic factors. Our objectives were to determine minimum viable population size (MVP) for lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) and examine how inbreeding depression may affect MVP. Our individual-based model incorporated inbreeding depression in two ways: individuals with inbreeding coefficients above a threshold experienced inbreeding depression (threshold), and individuals experienced inbreeding depression at a rate related to their inbreeding coefficient (gradual). Three mechanisms relating inbreeding to fitness were explored (young-of-the-year (YOY) viability, post-YOY viability, number of progeny). The criterion we used to determine MVP was a 5% chance of extinction over 250 years. The estimated MVP without inbreeding effects was 80 individuals. For some scenarios incorporating inbreeding, MVP did not change, but for others, MVP was substantially higher, reaching values up to 1800. Results demonstrate that extinction risk and MVP can be influenced by both demographic stochasticity and inbreeding depression. This research should inform management by determining MVP and how inbreeding, which is expected to accrue in remnant populations because of generations of low abundance, may affect MVP.
C1 [Schueller, Amy M.; Hayes, Daniel B.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
RP Schueller, AM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Beaufort Lab, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
EM amy.schueller@noaa.gov
FU Great Lakes Fishery Trust
FX We thank all of the sturgeon biologists and experts who evaluated and
commented on the initial parameter values for the model. We also thank
Dana Infante, Michael Jones, Kim Scribner, Kyle Shertzer, and Roldan
Munoz for comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. Funding was
provided to this study by the Great Lakes Fishery Trust. The findings
and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not
necessarily represent the views of NOAA.
NR 91
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 7
U2 37
PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 68
IS 1
BP 62
EP 73
DI 10.1139/F10-129
PG 12
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 718SK
UT WOS:000287146300006
ER
PT J
AU Clarke, LM
Thorrold, SR
Conover, DO
AF Clarke, Lora M.
Thorrold, Simon R.
Conover, David O.
TI Population differences in otolith chemistry have a genetic basis in
Menidia menidia
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION; TRACE-ELEMENT; COUNTERGRADIENT VARIATION;
ATLANTIC SILVERSIDE; QUALITY-ASSURANCE; GROWING-SEASON; MARINE FISH;
GROWTH-RATE; STRONTIUM; BARIUM
AB The number of studies using otolith chemistry as a tool to reconstruct the environmental history of fishes and to detect population structure continues to rise, despite the fact that factors influencing otolith deposition are not fully understood. Many studies have examined the influence of environmental parameters on otolith composition, but none to date have tested the possible influence of intrinsic factors. Using lab broodstock populations, we examined the influence of genetics and temperature on Mg:Ca, Mn:Ca, Sr:Ca, and Ba:Ca concentrations and partition coefficients in the otoliths of juvenile Atlantic silversides, Menidia menidia. Fish from two populations, South Carolina, USA, and Nova Scotia, Canada, were reared in 15, 21, and 27 degrees C. We found significant (p < 0.05) differences in otolith Mg:Ca, Mn:Ca, and Ba:Ca ratios as well as in Mg, Mn, and Ba partition coefficients among populations. Such genetic influences on otolith elemental concentrations have important implications for understanding the physiological mechanisms underlying otolith deposition and enhance the utility of otolith chemistry as a marker of fish population structure in the wild.
C1 [Clarke, Lora M.; Conover, David O.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
[Thorrold, Simon R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02534 USA.
RP Clarke, LM (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, 1315 East West Highway,Room 15728, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM Lora.Clarke@noaa.gov
RI Thorrold, Simon/B-7565-2012
OI Thorrold, Simon/0000-0002-1533-7517
FU US National Science Foundation [OCE-0425830, OCE-0134998]; New York
State Department of Environmental Conservation
FX This work was funded by the US National Science Foundation (grant
OCE-0425830 to D.O.C. and OCE-0134998 to S.R.T.) and the New York State
Department of Environmental Conservation. We thank Chris Knakal for help
with fish rearing, Scot Birdwhistell for assistance with the otolith
analyses, and Sergio Sanudo for use of laboratory space. We also thank
Steve Munch, Bob Cerrato, Mary Hunsicker, and two anonymous reviewers
for helpful comments on the manuscript.
NR 37
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U1 0
U2 16
PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 68
IS 1
BP 105
EP 114
DI 10.1139/F10-147
PG 10
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 718SK
UT WOS:000287146300009
ER
PT J
AU Berejikian, BA
Van Doornik, DM
Endicott, RC
Hoffnagle, TL
Tezak, EP
Moore, ME
Atkins, J
AF Berejikian, Barry A.
Van Doornik, Donald M.
Endicott, Rob C.
Hoffnagle, Timothy L.
Tezak, Eugene P.
Moore, Megan E.
Atkins, Jeffery
TI Mating success of alternative male phenotypes and evidence for
frequency-dependent selection in Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus
tshawytscha (vol 67, pg 1933, 2010)
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Correction
C1 [Berejikian, Barry A.; Van Doornik, Donald M.; Endicott, Rob C.; Tezak, Eugene P.; Moore, Megan E.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, Manchester Res Stn, Manchester, WA 98353 USA.
[Hoffnagle, Timothy L.] Eastern Oregon Univ, Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, La Grande, OR 97850 USA.
[Atkins, Jeffery] Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Portland, OR 97202 USA.
RP Berejikian, BA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, Manchester Res Stn, POB 130, Manchester, WA 98353 USA.
EM barry.berejikian@noaa.gov
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 9
PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 68
IS 1
BP 183
EP 183
DI 10.1139/F10-155
PG 1
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 718SK
UT WOS:000287146300015
ER
PT J
AU Jacobs, BW
Houk, RJT
Anstey, MR
House, SD
Robertson, IM
Talin, AA
Allendorf, MD
AF Jacobs, Benjamin W.
Houk, Ronald J. T.
Anstey, Mitchell R.
House, Stephen D.
Robertson, Ian M.
Talin, A. Alec
Allendorf, Mark D.
TI Ordered metal nanostructure self-assembly using metal-organic frameworks
as templates
SO CHEMICAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID AG NANOPARTICLES; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; COORDINATION;
NANOMATERIALS; NANOCRYSTALS; PARTICLES; CHEMISTRY; CLUSTERS; ARRAYS
AB We demonstrate that nanoporous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) loaded with silver can serve as templates for ordered nanostructures comprising either silver nanoparticles or nanowires. Exposure to an electron beam breaks down the template, leading to rapid silver coalescence. The geometric and chemical structure of the MOF, as well as the extent of metal loading, determine whether nanoparticles or nanowires are formed and define their size and orientation. Nanowires with diameters as small as 4 nm and aspect ratios >125 can be formed, overcoming the limitations of existing templating methods. This method is relatively simple, compatible with many materials, and proceeds by a distinct template-directed growth mechanism. Since MOFs offer an unprecedented level of synthetic flexibility, combined with highly uniform porosity as a result of their crystalline structure, this approach opens a promising new route for synthesis of self-assembled, ordered nanostructures.
C1 [Robertson, Ian M.; Talin, A. Alec] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanosci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Jacobs, Benjamin W.; Houk, Ronald J. T.; Anstey, Mitchell R.; Allendorf, Mark D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA.
[House, Stephen D.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
RP Robertson, IM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanosci & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM mdallen@sandia.gov
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011;
OI House, Stephen/0000-0003-2035-6373
FU Sandia National Laboratories; Metal Hydrides Center of Excellence,
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, U.S. Department of
Energy [DE-FC36-05GO15064]; United States Department of Energy's
National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]
FX The authors would like to thank Drs Patrick Feng and Raghunandan Bhakta
for their technical assistance with various aspects of this project.
This work was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and
Development Program at Sandia National Laboratories and at the
University of Illinois by the Metal Hydrides Center of Excellence,
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, U.S. Department of
Energy under grant No. DE-FC36-05GO15064. Sandia is a multiprogram
laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company,
for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security
Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. Certain commercial
equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper to
foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation
or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology,
nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are
necessarily the best available for the purpose.
NR 35
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U1 10
U2 104
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 2041-6520
J9 CHEM SCI
JI Chem. Sci.
PY 2011
VL 2
IS 3
BP 411
EP 416
DI 10.1039/c0sc00377h
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 721ON
UT WOS:000287364400004
ER
PT J
AU McGovern, A
Rosendahl, DH
Brown, RA
Droegemeier, KK
AF McGovern, Amy
Rosendahl, Derek H.
Brown, Rodger A.
Droegemeier, Kelvin K.
TI Identifying predictive multi-dimensional time series motifs: an
application to severe weather prediction
SO DATA MINING AND KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY
LA English
DT Article
DE Temporal data mining; Multi-dimensional; Severe weather
ID SYSTEM ARPS; ALGORITHM
AB We introduce an efficient approach to mining multi-dimensional temporal streams of real-world data for ordered temporal motifs that can be used for prediction. Since many of the dimensions of the data are known or suspected to be irrelevant, our approach first identifies the salient dimensions of the data, then the key temporal motifs within each dimension, and finally the temporal ordering of the motifs necessary for prediction. For the prediction element, the data are assumed to be labeled. We tested the approach on two real-world data sets. To verify the generality of the approach, we validated the application on several subjects from the CMU Motion Capture database. Our main application uses several hundred numerically simulated supercell thunderstorms where the goal is to identify the most important features and feature interrelationships which herald the development of strong rotation in the lowest altitudes of a storm. We identified sets of precursors, in the form of meteorological quantities reaching extreme values in a particular temporal sequence, unique to storms producing strong low-altitude rotation. The eventual goal is to use this knowledge for future severe weather detection and prediction algorithms.
C1 [McGovern, Amy] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Comp Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Rosendahl, Derek H.; Droegemeier, Kelvin K.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Brown, Rodger A.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
RP McGovern, A (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Comp Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
EM amcgovern@ou.edu; drose@ou.edu; Rodger.Brown@noaa.gov; kkd@ou.edu
FU National Science Foundation [REU/0453545, IIS/REU/0755462,
IIS/CAREER/0746816, IIS/0840956, IIS/0938138]; NSF ERC Center for
Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere (CASA) [NSF ERC
0313747]; University of Oklahoma's College of Engineering; NSF
[EIA-0196217]
FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science
Foundation under Grant No. REU/0453545, IIS/REU/0755462,
IIS/CAREER/0746816 and corresponding REU Supplements IIS/0840956 and
IIS/0938138, the NSF ERC Center for Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of
the Atmosphere (CASA, NSF ERC 0313747), and the University of Oklahoma's
College of Engineering. We would also like to thank Nathan Hiers,
Adrianna Kruger, and Meredith Beaton for their preliminary work on this
data. The motion capture data used in this project was obtained from
mocap.cs.cmu.edu and their database was created with funding from NSF
EIA-0196217.
NR 45
TC 12
Z9 16
U1 2
U2 9
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1384-5810
J9 DATA MIN KNOWL DISC
JI Data Min. Knowl. Discov.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 22
IS 1-2
BP 232
EP 258
DI 10.1007/s10618-010-0193-7
PG 27
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information
Systems
SC Computer Science
GA 703SH
UT WOS:000286001100008
ER
PT J
AU Picquelle, SJ
Mier, KL
AF Picquelle, Susan J.
Mier, Kathryn L.
TI A practical guide to statistical methods for comparing means from
two-stage sampling
SO FISHERIES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Cluster sampling; Hierarchical design; Mixed model; Nested ANOVA;
Pseudoreplication; Two-staged sampling
ID PSEUDOREPLICATION; TESTS
AB Two-staged sampling is the method of sampling populations that occur naturally in groups and is common in ecological field studies. This sampling method requires special statistical analyses that account for this sample structure. We present and compare several analytical methods for comparing means from two-stage sampling: (1) simple ANOVA ignoring sample structure, (2) unit means ANOVA, (3) Nested Mixed ANOVA, (4) restricted maximum likelihood (REML) Nested Mixed analysis, and (5) REML Nested Mixed analysis with heteroscedasticity.
We consider a fisheries survey example where the independent sampling units are subsampled (i.e., hauls are the sampling unit and fish are subsampled from hauls). To evaluate the five analytical methods, we simulated 1000 samples of fish lengths subsampled from hauls in two regions with various levels of: (1) differences between the region means, (2) unbalance among numbers of hauls within regions and numbers of fish within hauls, and (3) heteroscedasticity. For each simulated sample, we tested for a difference in mean lengths between regions using each of the five methods. The inappropriate, simple ANOVA that ignored the sample structure resulted in grossly inflated Type I errors (rejecting a true null hypothesis of no difference in the means). We labeled this analysis the Pseudoreplication ANOVA based on the term "pseudoreplication" that describes the error of using a statistical analysis that assumes independence among observations when in fact the measurements are correlated. The result of this error is artificially inflated degrees of freedom, giving the illusion of having a more powerful test than the data support.
The other four analyses performed well when the data were balanced and homoscedastic. When there were unequal numbers of fish per haul, the REML Nested Mixed analyses and the Unit Means ANOVA performed best. The Unequal-Variance REML Nested Mixed analysis showed clear benefit in the presence of heteroscedasticity and unbalance in hauls. For the REML Nested Mixed analysis, we compared three software packages, S-PLUS, SAS, and SYSTAT.
A second simulation that compared samples with varying ratios of among-haul to among-fish variance components showed that the Pseudoreplication ANOVA was only appropriate when the haul effect yielded a p-value >0.50. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Picquelle, Susan J.; Mier, Kathryn L.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Mier, KL (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM Kathy.Mier@noaa.gov
NR 34
TC 14
Z9 15
U1 7
U2 23
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-7836
J9 FISH RES
JI Fish Res.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 107
IS 1-3
BP 1
EP 13
DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2010.09.009
PG 13
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 718ID
UT WOS:000287113600001
ER
PT J
AU Cope, JM
Punt, AE
AF Cope, Jason M.
Punt, Andre E.
TI Reconciling stock assessment and management scales under conditions of
spatially varying catch histories
SO FISHERIES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Fisheries management; Serial depletion; Simulation testing; Spawning
biomass; Stock structure; Stock synthesis
ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; FISHING INTENSITY;
POPULATION; CONNECTIVITY; RESOURCES; DYNAMICS; MODELS; SUSTAINABILITY;
IDENTIFICATION
AB Spatial homogeneity is the exception, not the rule, for many marine populations. Data limitations or biological knowledge gaps, though, often drive the assumption of limited stock structuring; the subsequent mismatch of model spatial scale and biological stock structure may compromise management goals. Spatial considerations thus remain a major challenge in providing managers with the best information for responsible and responsive management. This study uses simulation testing to offer a quantitative evaluation of spatial stock structure assumptions on the performance of stock assessments relative to management scales. Catch histories, not biological differences, are used to create stock structure. Simulation testing is based on an operating model of 'true' population states of nature that vary only in catch history across 9 regions. Stock assessments under various data scenarios are then performed on regions either as one aggregated assessment, or at finer area scales defined by zonal catch differences. The median absolute relative error of the terminal spawning biomass depletion is used as a performance statistic. One area stock assessments demonstrated low bias and high precision under all catch scenarios when stock structure is ignored, but perform poorly when applied to areas with differing regional catch histories. Separate area assessments grouped by zonal catch differences performed best under these circumstances, despite lower data quality, indicating the importance of identifying stock structure for management purposes. We suggest a focus on explicitly defining management units prior to conducting stock assessments with a concomitant resolve to increase data provisions at the resolution of management needs. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Cope, Jason M.] NOAA Fisheries, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Cope, Jason M.; Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Cope, JM (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM jason.cope@noaa.gov
OI Punt, Andre/0000-0001-8489-2488
FU National Marine Fisheries Service grant [NA04NMF4550330]
FX We acknowledge funding through a National Marine Fisheries Service grant
(NA04NMF4550330). We thank J. Hastie, R. Hilborn, S. Heppell, and R.
Methot and two anonymous reviewers for providing important comments that
greatly improved the presentation of this work.
NR 68
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Z9 33
U1 1
U2 15
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-7836
EI 1872-6763
J9 FISH RES
JI Fish Res.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 107
IS 1-3
BP 22
EP 38
DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2010.10.002
PG 17
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 718ID
UT WOS:000287113600003
ER
PT J
AU Williams, D
Mortazawi, A
AF Williams, D.
Mortazawi, A.
TI Editorial (vol 58, pg 2073, 2010)
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Correction
C1 [Williams, D.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Mortazawi, A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
RP Williams, D (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9480
J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY
JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 59
IS 1
BP 206
EP 206
DI 10.1109/TMTT.2010.2090692
PG 1
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA 705DP
UT WOS:000286109400023
ER
PT J
AU Zhao, TXP
Loeb, NG
Laszlo, I
Zhou, M
AF Zhao, Tom X. -P.
Loeb, Norman G.
Laszlo, Istvan
Zhou, Mi
TI Global component aerosol direct radiative effect at the top of
atmosphere
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
ID ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION MODELS; ENERGY SYSTEM INSTRUMENT;
OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; FLUX ESTIMATION; GOCART MODEL; SATELLITE; CLOUDS;
MODIS; PRODUCTS; OCEANS
AB The two-step approach of combining Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES)/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) shortwave (SW) flux and aerosol optical thickness (AOT) at 0.55m with the component AOT fractions from the Goddard Space Flight Centre (GSFC)/Goddard Global Ozone Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport (GOCART) model to derive top of atmosphere (TOA) component aerosol direct radiative effect (ADRE) over the global cloud-free oceans proposed by the first author in a previous publication has been extended to cloud-free land areas for nearly global coverage. Validation has also been performed by comparing the ADRE computation with calculations from the Fu-Liou radiative transfer model at globally distributed AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) sites by using the aerosol optical properties observed from AERONET and surface reflectance obtained from MODIS observations as the model inputs. The promising validation results provide support for extending the two-step approach from global clear-sky oceans to global clear-sky land areas. The global annual mean values of ADRE for clear-sky condition are +0.3 +/- 0.2W m-2 for black carbon, -1.0 +/- 0.6W m-2 for organic carbon; -2.3 +/- 0.7W m-2 for sulphate; -1.6 +/- 0.5W m-2 for dust; -2.2 +/- 0.6W m-2 for sea salt; -2.4 +/- 0.8W m-2 for anthropogenic aerosol; -4.5 +/- 1.2W m-2 for natural aerosol; and -6.8 +/- 1.7W m-2 for total aerosols. For global average cloudy skies, the all-sky values of component ADRE are about 42% of their clear-sky counterparts. The major sources of uncertainty in the estimates are also discussed.
C1 [Zhao, Tom X. -P.] NOAA NESDIS, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
[Loeb, Norman G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
[Laszlo, Istvan] NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Zhou, Mi] IM Syst Grp Inc, Kensington, MD 20895 USA.
RP Zhao, TXP (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
EM Xuepeng.Zhao@noaa.gov
RI Laszlo, Istvan/F-5603-2010
OI Laszlo, Istvan/0000-0002-5747-9708
FU NCDC; NASA [RSP-0022-0005]
FX We would like to acknowledge the NASA CERES project for providing the
CERES/MODIS data and Dr Mian Chin at the NASA GSFC for providing GOCART
model data. Proofreading of the manuscript by Drs Ken Knapp and Huaimin
Zhang at the NCDC is greatly appreciated. Dr Zhao is supported by the
CDR program at the NCDC and the NASA Radiation Program managed by Dr Hal
Maring through grant RSP-0022-0005. Dr Laszlo also acknowledges the
funding support by the NASA Radiation Program. Constructive comments and
encouragement from two anonymous reviewers are gratefully acknowledged.
We also appreciate the effort of Editor Costas Varotsos for organizing
the special issue of International Journal of Remote Sensing on the role
of remote sensing in monitoring the climate change.
NR 36
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 6
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0143-1161
EI 1366-5901
J9 INT J REMOTE SENS
JI Int. J. Remote Sens.
PY 2011
VL 32
IS 3
BP 633
EP 655
AR PII 934099715
DI 10.1080/01431161.2010.517790
PG 23
WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
GA 726QG
UT WOS:000287740600004
ER
PT J
AU Awan, IA
Burgess, DR
Tsang, W
Manion, JA
AF Awan, Iftikhar A.
Burgess, Donald R., Jr.
Tsang, Wing
Manion, Jeffrey A.
TI Shock tube study of the decomposition of cyclopentyl radicals
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
LA English
DT Article
DE Cyclopentyl; Pentenyl; Decomposition; Kinetics; Pyrolysis
ID THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; ALKYL RADICALS; ISOMERIZATION; HYDROCARBONS;
ENTHALPIES; DEPENDENCE; PYROLYSIS; MECHANISM; PRESSURE; PENTENES
AB The kinetics of the thermal decomposition of cyclopentyl radicals has been studied in a single-pulse shock tube over a temperature range of 950-1116 K and pressures of 2.3-3.4 bar. Cyclopentyl radicals were generated by abstraction of H from cyclopentane by H atoms, which were produced by the thermal decomposition of hexamethylethane. Products were analyzed using dual-column gas chromatography under cryogenic conditions with simultaneous flame-ionization and mass-spectrometric detection. The main stable products resulting from the decomposition of cyclopentyl radicals are ethene and cyclopentene. These results are consistent with the interconversion of cyclopentyl and pent-4-en-1-yl radicals. The product branching ratio of ethene to cyclopentene is determined as [ethene]/[cyclopentene] = (8.2 +/- 0.7) exp [-(1067 +/- 88)/T), where the listed uncertainty (1 sigma) is from the statistical analysis. The overall accuracy in our measurement of the branching ratio is estimated at about 8% (1 sigma). In contrast to previous estimates, ring opening of cyclopentyl is found to be faster than ejection of a hydrogen atom. The former reaction is favored by about a factor of three. An RRKM/Master Equation treatment was adopted to assign the rate parameters to elementary reactions. Details of the model and its compatibility with the present and literature results are presented. Kinetic results for the pyrolysis of cyclopentyl and pent-4-en-1-yl radicals have been derived over relevant combustion conditions [0.1-1000 bar, 700-1900 K]. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute.
C1 [Awan, Iftikhar A.; Burgess, Donald R., Jr.; Tsang, Wing; Manion, Jeffrey A.] NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Manion, JA (reprint author), NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jeffrey.manion@nist.gov
FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research
FX The authors thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Julian M.
Tishkoff, Program Manager, for support.
NR 39
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 20
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 1540-7489
J9 P COMBUST INST
JI Proc. Combust. Inst.
PY 2011
VL 33
BP 341
EP 349
DI 10.1016/j.proci.2010.06.109
PN 1
PG 9
WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering,
Mechanical
SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA 700XZ
UT WOS:000285780200029
ER
PT J
AU Baxter, MA
Schumacher, PN
Boustead, JM
AF Baxter, Martin A.
Schumacher, Philip N.
Boustead, Joshua M.
TI The use of potential vorticity inversion to evaluate the effect of
precipitation on downstream mesoscale processes
SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE cold season precipitation; midlatitude cyclones; diabatic effects;
frontogenesis
ID AMERICAN REGIONAL REANALYSIS; LATENT-HEAT RELEASE; EXTRATROPICAL
CYCLONES; NUMERICAL PREDICTION; CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; MOISTURE TRANSPORT;
BAROCLINIC WAVES; BOUNDARY-LAYER; UNITED-STATES; PART I
AB The influence of precipitation near the surface warm front on precipitation downstream is evaluated. A two-way nested simulation is computed for two selected cases: 13-15 February 2003 and 3-5 January 2005. The results of the simulation are compared with output from the North American Regional Reanalysis dataset, which is used as a high-resolution proxy for true atmospheric conditions. The relevant physical processes in the generation and maintenance of precipitation poleward of other precipitation areas are analysed, along with perturbation potential vorticity (PV) fields. Piecewise PV inversion is used to determine height and wind fields associated with the perturbation PV. These height and flow fields are used to compute derived quantities such as balanced deformation, balanced temperature perturbation, and balanced moisture flux. Both cases illustrate that the role of rainfall near surface warm fronts on precipitation downstream is complex, and is associated with more than just moisture flux. The strength, depth and orientation of diabatically generated PV anomalies within these areas of rainfall are associated with mesoscale processes relevant to the maintenance of downstream precipitation. Lastly, this work presents a methodology for analysing the role of precipitation in individual events. Copyright (C) 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
C1 [Baxter, Martin A.] Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Geol & Meteorol, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA.
[Schumacher, Philip N.] NOAA, NWS WFO Sioux Falls, Sioux Falls, SD USA.
[Boustead, Joshua M.] NOAA, NWS WFO Omaha Valley, Omaha, NE USA.
RP Baxter, MA (reprint author), Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Geol & Meteorol, 314 Brooks Hall, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA.
EM baxte1ma@cmich.edu
FU Cooperative Program for Operational Meteorology, Education, and Training
[207-62782]
FX This research was supported by grant 207-62782 provided by the
Cooperative Program for Operational Meteorology, Education, and
Training. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not
necessarily reflect the view of NOAA or its sub-agencies. The authors
wish to thank Christopher Davis (NCAR) for his provision of the PV
inversion code, Michael Brennan (TPC) for his modifications to this
code, and Gary Lackmann (NC State) for his thoughtful review of an
initial draft. The authors are grateful for the comments by two
anonymous reviewers.
NR 56
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 5
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0035-9009
J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC
JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 137
IS 654
BP 179
EP 198
DI 10.1002/qj.730
PN A
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 724QX
UT WOS:000287592400012
ER
PT J
AU Smith, RK
Spengler, T
AF Smith, Roger K.
Spengler, Thomas
TI The dynamics of heat lows over elevated terrain
SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE heat trough; thermal low; thermal trough; radiation scheme; baroclinic
zone; orography
ID THERMAL LOW; BOUNDARY-LAYER; FIELD CAMPAIGN; SIMPLE-MODEL; AUSTRALIA;
TROUGH; CIRCULATIONS
AB Orographic effects on the dynamics of heat lows are investigated in an idealized flow configuration using a hydrostatic numerical model. The behaviour of the heat low that forms over a plateau-like orography on a circular island is compared with that when the island is flat, and that when the plateau is surrounded by land instead of sea. In all cases, a broad-scale, negative radial gradient of potential temperature forms in the daytime mixed layer over land. The presence of orography enhances the broad-scale baroclinicity over the orographic slope due to the identical heating of a column of air with a reduced mass, i.e. lower surface pressure. In the absence of sea, the baroclinicity is solely confined to the slope of the orography. The broad-scale potential temperature gradient results in an overturning circulation in the lowest few kilometres, which is separate from the shallower and more intense sea breeze circulation in the island cases. The presence of orography leads to a stronger overturning circulation via enhanced baroclinicity. In the case without sea, both the overturning circulation and tangential circulation are closely tied to the orography. The overturning circulation advects absolute angular momentum inwards to spin up the low-level circulation, despite some frictional loss of angular momentum en route. During the night, radiative cooling over the land leads to a strong nocturnal low-level jet that amplifies the spin-up process. During the daytime, the cyclone weakens as the angular momentum is convectively mixed through a deep layer. The study extends an earlier one of Reichmann and Smith and corrects some details in their model. The results offer a refined interpretation of the Atlantic inflow to the Saharan heat low, described recently by Grams et al., and emphasize the role of orography in the formation of the inland baroclinic zone, which is a feature thereof. Copyright (C) 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
C1 [Smith, Roger K.] Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, D-80333 Munich, Germany.
[Spengler, Thomas] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
RP Smith, RK (reprint author), Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, Theresienstr 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany.
EM roger.smith@lmu.de
NR 30
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 7
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0035-9009
J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC
JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 137
IS 654
BP 250
EP 263
DI 10.1002/qj.737
PN A
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 724QX
UT WOS:000287592400017
ER
PT J
AU Hind, AJ
Rauschenberg, CD
Johnson, JE
Yang, M
Matrai, PA
AF Hind, A. J.
Rauschenberg, C. D.
Johnson, J. E.
Yang, M.
Matrai, P. A.
TI The use of algorithms to predict surface seawater dimethyl sulphide
concentrations in the SE Pacific, a region of steep gradients in primary
productivity, biomass and mixed layer depth
SO BIOGEOSCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; DMS CONCENTRATIONS; SOLAR-RADIATION; SARGASSO
SEA; DIMETHYLSULFONIOPROPIONATE DMSP; ATMOSPHERIC DIMETHYLSULFIDE;
GAS-EXCHANGE; OCEAN; SULFUR; STRATOCUMULUS
AB Dimethyl sulphide (DMS) is an important precursor of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), particularly in the remote marine atmosphere. The SE Pacific is consistently covered with a persistent stratocumulus layer that increases the albedo over this large area. It is not certain whether the source of CCN to these clouds is natural and oceanic or anthropogenic and terrestrial. This unknown currently limits our ability to reliably model either the cloud behaviour or the oceanic heat budget of the region. In order to better constrain the marine source of CCN, it is necessary to have an improved understanding of the sea-air flux of DMS. Of the factors that govern the magnitude of this flux, the greatest unknown is the surface seawater DMS concentration. In the study area, there is a paucity of such data, although previous measurements suggest that the concentration can be substantially variable. In order to overcome such data scarcity, a number of climatologies and algorithms have been devised in the last decade to predict seawater DMS. Here we test some of these in the SE Pacific by comparing predictions with measurements of surface seawater made during the Vamos Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx) in October and November of 2008. We conclude that none of the existing algorithms reproduce local variability in seawater DMS in this region very well. From these findings, we recommend the best algorithm choice for the SE Pacific and suggest lines of investigation for future work.
C1 [Hind, A. J.; Rauschenberg, C. D.; Matrai, P. A.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, W Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 USA.
[Yang, M.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Johnson, J. E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Hind, AJ (reprint author), Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, 180 McKown Point Rd, W Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 USA.
EM ajhind@googlemail.com
OI Yang, Mingxi/0000-0002-8321-5984
FU NSF [OCE-0741817]
FX We thank Barry Huebert and Rebecca Simpson for their assistance in
operating and QC'ing the semi-continuous DMS data; Fiamma Straneo and
Carlos Moffat for performing the MLD calculations; Chris Bretherton and
his group for the SW radiation data; Thomas Balch for his help in
processing the in situ UV data; and Robert Weller and Chris Bretherton
for their leadership in the field. Victoria Hill kindly loaned us the
Satlantic radiometer. We also thank Sergio Vallina for sharing the
recalculated de Boyer Montegut et al. MLD dataset, Alan Longhurst for
the useful spreadsheets, and Tom Bell, Chris Miles and Jamie Kettle for
useful advice. Julia Cotterill patiently proof read the final version.
Finally, we thank S. Belviso and an anonymous reviewer for their most
helpful comments and suggestions. Financial support for this work was
provided by an NSF Chemical Oceanography grant (OCE-0741817).
NR 60
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 5
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1726-4170
EI 1726-4189
J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES
JI Biogeosciences
PY 2011
VL 8
IS 1
BP 1
EP 16
DI 10.5194/bg-8-1-2011
PG 16
WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology
GA 713GG
UT WOS:000286722500001
ER
PT J
AU Widegren, JA
Bruno, TJ
AF Widegren, Jason A.
Bruno, Thomas J.
TI Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Kerosene-Based Rocket Propellants. 3.
RP-2 with Varying Concentrations of the Stabilizing Additive
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroquinoline
SO ENERGY & FUELS
LA English
DT Article
ID OIL (RCO/LCO)-DERIVED STABILIZERS; SIMILAR HYDROCARBON MIXTURES;
HIGH-TEMPERATURE STABILIZERS; SINK JET FUELS; HYDROGEN DONORS;
N-DODECANE; MODEL; PYROLYSIS; JP-8
AB The thermal stability of the kerosene-based rocket propellant RP-2 with varying concentrations of the stabilizing additive 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (THQ) was investigated. The mixtures (by mass) were RP-2 + 0.1% THQ, RP-2 + 0.5% THQ, RP-2 + 1% THQ, and RP-2 + 5% THQ. These were thermally stressed in sealed stainless-steel reactors at 400 C for 1-4 h. The approximate initial pressure at the reaction temperature was 34.5 M Pa (5000 psi). The extent of decomposition as a function of time was determined by analyzing the thermally stressed liquid phase by gas chromatography. The results with each THQ mixture were compared to the thermal stability of neat RP-2 under the same conditions. The thermal stability of the mixtures showed a clear dependence upon the concentration of THQ. For example, the addition of 5% THQ slowed the rate of decomposition by approximately an order of magnitude, and the addition of 0.5% THQ slowed the rate of decomposition by approximately 50%. We also report the results of another potential stabilizing additive, trans-decahydronaphthalene (decalin). We tested the thermal stability of RP-2 + 5 mass % decalin at temperatures of 375, 400, 425, and 450 degrees C. Unlike THQ, the addition of 5% decalin to RP-2 had no significant effect on the thermal stability of RP-2 in this temperature range.
C1 [Widegren, Jason A.; Bruno, Thomas J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov
FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) [MIPR F1SBAA8022G001]
FX We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Air Force Research
Laboratory (AFRL) (MIPR F1SBAA8022G001). We thank Matthew Billingsley
(AFRL, Edwards Air Force Base) and Ronald Bates [Chemical Propulsion
Information Analysis Center (CPIAC)] for useful discussions, especially
during the planning stages of these experiments. We also thank Matthew
Billingsley for supplying the RP-2.
NR 30
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 17
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0887-0624
J9 ENERG FUEL
JI Energy Fuels
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 25
BP 288
EP 292
DI 10.1021/ef101376k
PG 5
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA 721ID
UT WOS:000287345900036
ER
PT J
AU Miller, MW
Piniak, GA
Williams, DE
AF Miller, M. W.
Piniak, G. A.
Williams, D. E.
TI Coral mass bleaching and reef temperatures at Navassa Island, 2006
SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Caribbean; species susceptibility; bleaching prediction; climatology;
prevalence; depth
ID REMOTE CARIBBEAN ISLAND; REGION-WIDE DECLINES; US VIRGIN-ISLANDS;
ST-CROIX; NATIONAL MONUMENT; DISEASE OUTBREAK; THERMAL-STRESS;
WATER-QUALITY; EVENT; FLORIDA
AB Bleaching and associated mortality is an extreme threat to the persistence of coral populations in the projected warming regime of the next few decades. Recent evidence indicates that thermal bleaching thresholds may be affected by water quality gradients. The unexpected encounter of a coral mass bleaching event at a remote, uninhabited Caribbean island (Navassa) during a routine reef assessment cruise in November 2006 provided the opportunity to characterize bleaching responses and thermal exposure in an oceanic area with negligible continental influence or human impact on water quality. The coral taxa most susceptible to bleaching were Agaricia spp. and Montastraea faveolata. Siderastraea siderea, Diploria spp. and Porites porites were intermediately affected, while Porites astreoides and Montastraea cavemosa were minimally affected and negligible bleaching was observed in Acropora palmata. Bleaching prevalence (colonies > 4 cm diameter) ranged from 016 to 0.63 among sites. Deeper sites (between 18 and 37 m) had significantly higher prevalence of bleaching than shallow sites (<10 m). This general pattern of more bleaching in deeper sites also occurred within species. Though exposure to high-temperature stress was not greater at deeper sites, water motion, which may bolster bleaching resistance, was likely less. In situ loggers indicated temperatures over 30 C initiated at shallow sites in mid-August, at deeper sites in early September, and were persistent at all sites until mid-October. Long term (1983-2007) climatologies constructed from AVHRR SSTs suggest that the mass bleaching event observed at Navassa in 2006 corresponded with greater intensity and duration of warm temperature anomalies than occurred in 2005, for which no in situ observations (bleaching nor temperature) are available. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Miller, M. W.; Williams, D. E.] NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Piniak, G. A.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
[Williams, D. E.] Univ Miami Cooperat, Inst Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Miller, MW (reprint author), NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM margaret.w.miller@noaa.gov
OI Williams, Dana/0000-0002-9660-5359
FU NOAA; Southeast Fisheries Science Center; National Centers for Coastal
Ocean Science; Navassa National Wildlife Refuge [41529-2006-01,
41529-2006-03]; R/V Coral Reef II
FX This study was supported by the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program,
the Southeast Fisheries Science Center, and the National Centers for
Coastal Ocean Science. The work was performed under the auspices of
Navassa National Wildlife Refuge Special Use Permits #41529-2006-01 and
#41529-2006-03 and supported by the able platforms and crew of the R/V
Coral Reef II and the NOAA Ship Nancy Foster. Field assistance by D.
McClellan, K.L. Kramer, and the scientific party of NOAA cruise NF-06-05
is greatly appreciated. D. McClellan assisted with preparation of the
map. Jamie Rhome kindly provided guidance on wind field data. We also
thank D. Manzello and two anonymous reviewers for comments that
significantly improved the text.
NR 45
TC 5
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 21
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0272-7714
J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S
JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci.
PD JAN 1
PY 2011
VL 91
IS 1
BP 42
EP 50
DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2010.10.005
PG 9
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 715AF
UT WOS:000286852100005
ER
PT J
AU Wang, DL
Watson, SS
Sung, LP
Tseng, IH
Bouis, CJ
Fernando, R
AF Wang, Deborah L.
Watson, Stephanie S.
Sung, Li-Piin
Tseng, I-Hsiang
Bouis, Craig J.
Fernando, Raymond
TI Effect of TiO2 pigment type on the UV degradation of filled coatings
SO JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy;
Laser scanning confocal microscopy; Photoreactivity; Polymeric coating;
Titanium dioxide; Ultraviolet degradation
ID POLYMERS
AB The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the photoreactivity of titanium dioxide (TiO2) pigments on the photodegradation of polymeric coatings used in exterior applications. Two polymer matrices, an amine-cured epoxy (EP) and an acrylic urethane (AU), containing three types of TiO2 pigments, classified by different levels of photoreactivity, were studied. Specimens were exposed on an ultraviolet (UV) weathering chamber, the Simulated Photodegradation by High Energy Radiant Exposure device at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Two exposure conditions were used: ambient, dry condition [25A degrees C and 0% relative humidity (RH)] and high temperature, wet condition (55A degrees C and 75% RH), which is similar to more severe outdoor exposures. The physical and chemical degradations of the filled coatings were monitored at periodic intervals using a combination of laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Progression of degradation on the coating surfaces was characterized by LSCM in terms of changes in surface roughness and morphology, pigment agglomerate size, and the occurrence of pits or holes in the coatings. The observed physical changes were correlated to the chemical changes measured by ATR-FTIR as a function of UV exposure time. Both EP and AU systems showed less degradation in terms of surface roughness and morphological changes under the dry conditions compared to the wet exposure conditions. It was observed that both the pigment type (and hence photoreactivity) and particle dispersion strongly affected the degradation of both EP and AU systems.
C1 [Wang, Deborah L.; Fernando, Raymond] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Chem & Biochem, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA.
[Wang, Deborah L.; Watson, Stephanie S.; Sung, Li-Piin; Tseng, I-Hsiang] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Bouis, Craig J.] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA.
RP Wang, DL (reprint author), Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Chem & Biochem, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA.
EM deborah.wang@nist.gov
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011
FU National Science Foundation at NIST
FX The authors would like to thank Paul Stutzman of NIST for the SEM
images, Justin Lucas and Peter Krommenhoek of California Polytechnic
State University for initial LSCM images. Research support for Craig
Bouis was provided by the National Science Foundation through the Summer
Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Program at NIST.
NR 14
TC 15
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 19
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1547-0091
J9 J COAT TECHNOL RES
JI J. Coat. Technol. Res.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 8
IS 1
BP 19
EP 33
DI 10.1007/s11998-009-9216-y
PG 15
WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 712LJ
UT WOS:000286668000003
ER
PT J
AU Preston, JS
Fu, RS
Pasaogullari, U
Hussey, DS
Jacobson, DL
AF Preston, Joshua S.
Fu, Richard S.
Pasaogullari, Ugur
Hussey, Daniel S.
Jacobson, David L.
TI Consideration of the Role of Micro-Porous Layer on Liquid Water
Distribution in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells
SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID GAS-DIFFUSION LAYER; MICROPOROUS LAYER; INTERFACIAL MORPHOLOGY;
TRANSPORT; PEMFC; MEDIA; MODEL; PERFORMANCE; MANAGEMENT; MEMBRANES
AB Evidence of a region of gradual property change between the micro-porous layer and the macroporous layer of bilayer diffusion media is presented, and a mathematical model describing the effects of this gradual interfacial region is developed. The model results in a continuous liquid water saturation distribution across the diffusion media compared to the sharp discontinuity in the liquid phase saturation predicted by the earlier sudden interface models. High-resolution neutron radiography is used to measure the water content profile across the diffusion media, and the results are compared with the model predictions. The effect of the geometric blur, and uncertainty in-neutron radiography, is accounted for by applying the effects of geometric blur to model results. When the blur is considered, the neutron radiography results are found to be very similar to model predictions. (C) 2010 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3525626] All rights reserved.
C1 [Preston, Joshua S.; Fu, Richard S.; Pasaogullari, Ugur] Univ Connecticut, Dept Mech Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
[Preston, Joshua S.; Fu, Richard S.; Pasaogullari, Ugur] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Clean Energy Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
[Hussey, Daniel S.; Jacobson, David L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Preston, JS (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Mech Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
EM ugur.pasaogullari@uconn.edu
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Pasaogullari, Ugur/D-8761-2013
FU U.S. Department of Commerce; NIST Ionizing Radiation Division; office of
NIST; NIST Center for Neutron Research; Department of Energy interagency
[DE-AI-01-01EE50660]; National Science Foundation [CBET-0748063]
FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Commerce, the NIST
Ionizing Radiation Division, the Director's office of NIST, the NIST
Center for Neutron Research, and the Department of Energy interagency
agreement no. DE-AI-01-01EE50660. Financial support for this work from
National Science Foundation Grant no. CBET-0748063 is also acknowledged.
The authors thank E. Baltic for his assistance in conducting the neutron
imaging experiments.
NR 34
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 11
PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC
PI PENNINGTON
PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA
SN 0013-4651
J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC
JI J. Electrochem. Soc.
PY 2011
VL 158
IS 2
BP B239
EP B246
DI 10.1149/1.3525626
PG 8
WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films
SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science
GA 700SW
UT WOS:000285765600044
ER
PT J
AU Harman, GG
AF Harman, George G.
TI SPECIAL ISSUE COPPER WIRE BONDING Preface
SO MICROELECTRONICS RELIABILITY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 NIST, SE Semicond Elect Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Harman, GG (reprint author), NIST, SE Semicond Elect Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM george.harman@nist.gov
NR 8
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0026-2714
J9 MICROELECTRON RELIAB
JI Microelectron. Reliab.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 51
IS 1
SI SI
BP 3
EP 3
DI 10.1016/j.microrel.2010.12.003
PG 1
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology;
Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics
GA 717OO
UT WOS:000287057500002
ER
PT J
AU Klouda, GA
Fletcher, RA
Gillen, JG
Verkouteren, JR
AF Klouda, George A.
Fletcher, Robert A.
Gillen, J. Greg
Verkouteren, Jennifer R.
TI Aerosol Collection Efficiency of a Graded Metal-Fiber Filter at High
Airflow Velocity (10 m s(-1))
SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID PARTICLES
AB A non-woven graded metal-fiber filter was characterized for its collection efficiency as a function of particle size at an airflow velocity of 10 m s(-1). Efficiencies were determined by generating a monodisperse aerosol of polystyrene latex (PSL) spheres and oleic acid liquid particles of measured concentration with and without the filter present. For PSL spheres <= 0.7 mu m, the collection efficiencies follow theoretical single-fiber collision efficiency (Ptak and Jaroszczyk 1990). Above 0.7 mu m diameter (Stokes number 0.8), PSL collection efficiency exhibits a general decreasing trend with increasing particle size suggesting particle bounce. Although this trend is consistent with measured single-fiber collection (collision and adhesion) efficiency for Stokes numbers in the range of 0.2 to 22 (Rembor et al. 1999; Ptak and Jaroszczyk 1990), the magnitude of the filter efficiency is less. For 1 mu m to 4 mu m PSL, the average collection efficiency is 0.43 (expanded uncertainty (U) of 0.08, n = 6). In the case of particles having very different surface adhesion, e. g., oleic acid (sticky) aerosol, the collection efficiency for >= 1 mu m diameter particles is nearly 1.00. This is in accordance with the theoretical collision efficiency as expected for particles with high adhesion. PSL tests performed on a filter coated with a syntheticoil (aerosol) deposit (32.9 mu g mm(-2) +/- 0.4 mu g mm(-2)) improved the collection efficiency for PSL >= 0.7 mu m to nearly 1.00. Particles that are deposited by interception-inertial impaction at 10ms(-1) airflow velocity depend on the particle and fiber adhesion properties.
C1 [Klouda, George A.; Fletcher, Robert A.; Gillen, J. Greg; Verkouteren, Jennifer R.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Klouda, GA (reprint author), NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Bldg 217,Rm A203,100 Bur Dr,Stop 8371, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM george.klouda@nist.gov
NR 20
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 2
U2 9
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0278-6826
J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH
JI Aerosol Sci. Technol.
PY 2011
VL 45
IS 3
BP 336
EP 342
DI 10.1080/02786826.2010.537399
PG 7
WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences;
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
GA 712HA
UT WOS:000286655700004
ER
PT J
AU Richards, BL
Williams, ID
Nadon, MO
Zgliczynski, BJ
AF Richards, Benjamin L.
Williams, Ivor D.
Nadon, Marc O.
Zgliczynski, Brian J.
TI A TOWED-DIVER SURVEY METHOD FOR MESOSCALE FISHERY-INDEPENDENT ASSESSMENT
OF LARGE-BODIED REEF FISHES
SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID UNDERWATER VISUAL SURVEYS; NATURAL FISHING EXPERIMENTS; MARINE RESERVES
1983-1993; LIFE-HISTORY; SPECIES RICHNESS; HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; STRIP
TRANSECT; FLORIDA-KEYS; HABITAT; POPULATIONS
AB Coral reef fishes are ecologically and economically important, particularly the largest species and individuals, which often include top predators, as they show disproportionate fecundity and generally make up the basis of nearshore fisheries. Large-bodied coral reef fishes can be difficult to sample using conventional survey methods, because they are often relatively rare, have comparatively large home ranges, and can exhibit behaviors that influence their "sightability." We describe a towed-diver survey that can be used to assess populations of these fishes in which a pair of SCUBA divers maneuver "towboard" dive planes and record the abundance and size of large-bodied (> 50 cm TL) reef fishes while being towed at slow speed behind a small boat for 50 min. The resulting biological data are georeferenced, allowing for location-based comparison with habitat and environmental data. Comparisons with conventional belt transect surveys within the same reef and habitats reveal similar archipelagic patterns, but show some key differences. Encounter rates and statistical power are generally higher using the towed-diver method, and taxa that show behavioral responses to SCUBA divers exhibit different abundance and distribution patterns with each method. The scale of the towed-diver survey allows for more complete and representative coverage of the shallow-water reef environment, resulting in improved large-scale estimates of the density and spatial distribution of large-bodied reef fishes. As a result, the towed-diver method provides managers and scientists with an additional tool for assessing the distribution and status of large-bodied reef fish stocks.
C1 [Richards, Benjamin L.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Zool, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Richards, Benjamin L.; Williams, Ivor D.; Nadon, Marc O.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Richards, Benjamin L.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Zgliczynski, Brian J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92093 USA.
RP Richards, BL (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Zool, 2538 McCarthy Mall,Edmonson 152, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
EM Benjamin.Richards@noaa.gov
FU National Marine Fisheries Service Office of Habitat Conservation; NOAA
FX This work is part of an interdisciplinary effort by the NOAA Pacific
Islands Fisheries Science Center Coral Reef Ecosystem Division to
assess, understand, and monitor coral-reef ecosystems in the US Pacific.
We thank the multitude of CRED towed divers who, over the past 10 yrs,
have been particularly instrumental in collecting these data. Special
thanks go to F Parrish, E De Martini, and R Boland of the PIFSC, who
initially developed the CRED towed-diver method. We would also like to
thank the officers and crews of the NOAA Ships TOWNSEND CROMWELL,
HI'IALAKAI, and OSCAR ELTON SETTE for logistic support and field
assistance. V Khurana was instrumental in bringing the disparate data
sets into a centralized database, thereby making this analysis possible.
Permission to work in the NWHI was granted by the Papahanaumokuakea
Marine National Monument, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of
the Interior, and the State of Hawaii Department of Land and Natural
Resources. Permission to work in the Mariana Archipelago was granted by
the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) Division of Fish
and Wildlife, Coastal Resources Management Office, Division of
Environmental Quality, and the Guam Division of Aquatic and Wildlife
Resources. The National Marine Fisheries Service Office of Habitat
Conservation and NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program provided funding
for this work. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this
publication is for the convenience of the reader and does not constitute
an official endorsement or approval of any product or service to the
exclusion of others that may be suitable.
NR 63
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 16
PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI
PI MIAMI
PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA
SN 0007-4977
EI 1553-6955
J9 B MAR SCI
JI Bull. Mar. Sci.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 87
IS 1
BP 55
EP 74
DI 10.5343/bms.2010.1019
PG 20
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 712YK
UT WOS:000286702000005
ER
PT J
AU Beerkircher, LR
Serafy, JE
AF Beerkircher, Lawrence R.
Serafy, Joseph E.
TI USING HEAD MEASUREMENTS TO DISTINGUISH WHITE MARLIN KAJIKIA ALBIDA FROM
ROUNDSCALE SPEARFISH TETRAPTURUS GEORGII IN THE WESTERN NORTH ATLANTIC
SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
AB The morphometric characteristics that separate white marlin Kajikia albida (Poey, 1860) from roundscale spearfish Tetrapturus georgii Lowe, 1841 can be difficult for non-experts to distinguish, particularly when the animals are in the water. Using the measurements of the lower jaw tip to the longest branchiostegal ray (LJBR) and the opercle (LJOP), a discriminant function is presented that will help field observers separate the two species. The function D(R-W) = LJBR (3.31861) + LJOP (-2.84856) -6.37198 classified specimens as roundscale spearfish when D(R-W) was > 0 and as white marlin when D(R-W) < 0 with a 95% correct classification rate overall. Since only the head of a specimen needs to be closely observed, the method has particular utility for tournament anglers during the hook removal process.
C1 [Beerkircher, Lawrence R.; Serafy, Joseph E.] SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Beerkircher, LR (reprint author), SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM lawrence.r.beerkircher@noaa.gov
NR 11
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 3
PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI
PI MIAMI
PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA
SN 0007-4977
J9 B MAR SCI
JI Bull. Mar. Sci.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 87
IS 1
BP 147
EP 153
DI 10.5343/bms.2010.1036
PG 7
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 712YK
UT WOS:000286702000010
ER
PT J
AU Hoang, C
Rim, D
Wallace, L
Persily, A
AF Hoang, Chi
Rim, Donghuyn
Wallace, Lance
Persily, Andrew
TI Nucleation of Nanosized Particles (3-100 nm) From Ozone and D-Limonene
Reaction
SO EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Joint Conference of
International-Society-of-Exposure-Science/International-Society-for-Envi
ronmental-Epidemiology
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2010
CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA
SP Int Soc Exposure Sci, Int Soc Environm Epidemiol
C1 [Hoang, Chi; Rim, Donghuyn; Wallace, Lance; Persily, Andrew] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Wallace, Lance/K-7264-2013
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 3
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA
SN 1044-3983
EI 1531-5487
J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY
JI Epidemiology
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 22
IS 1
SU S
BP S37
EP S37
DI 10.1097/01.ede.0000391772.06645.a2
PG 1
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 695VN
UT WOS:000285400800080
ER
PT J
AU Davis, WC
Long, SE
AF Davis, W. Clay.
Long, Stephen E.
TI Measurements of methylmercury, ethylmercury, and inorganic mercury
species in a whole blood standard reference material: SRM 955c-Toxic
Elements in Caprine Blood
SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT JAAS Symposium
CY NOV 23, 2010
CL Tsinghua Univ, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA
HO Tsinghua Univ
ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; ISOTOPE-DILUTION ANALYSIS; BIOLOGICAL
REFERENCE MATERIALS; SPECIATION ANALYSIS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SAMPLE
PREPARATION; FRESH-FROZEN; CERTIFICATION; SEDIMENTS; TISSUES
AB Trace elemental speciation analysis is assuming more critical importance in nutritional and toxicological assessments, and despite the necessity to quantitatively differentiate elemental species in environmental and clinical samples, there are a limited number of reference materials suitable for this purpose. A whole blood certified reference material, SRM 955c Toxic Elements in Caprine Blood was developed for the determination of toxic metals in whole blood including mercury. The certification of methylmercury, ethylmercury, and inorganic mercury was carried out by triple spike speciated isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (TS-SID-GC/ICP-MS) and represents the first whole blood material certified for three mercury species. The certified values (+/-expanded uncertainty) of methylmercury, ethylmercury, inorganic mercury and total mercury in SRM 955c are 4.5 +/- 1.0 mg L-1, 5.1 +/- 0.5 mg L-1, 9.0 +/- 1.3 mg L-1, and 17.8 +/- 1.6 mg L-1 respectively.
C1 [Davis, W. Clay.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
[Long, Stephen E.] NIST, Ctr Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Davis, WC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
EM clay.davis@nist.gov
NR 34
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 17
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 0267-9477
J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM
JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom.
PY 2011
VL 26
IS 2
BP 431
EP 435
DI 10.1039/c0ja00175a
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy
SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy
GA 711TG
UT WOS:000286613700021
ER
PT J
AU Bentz, DP
Peltz, MA
Duran-Herrera, A
Valdez, P
Juarez, CA
AF Bentz, D. P.
Peltz, M. A.
Duran-Herrera, A.
Valdez, P.
Juarez, C. A.
TI Thermal properties of high-volume fly ash mortars and concretes
SO JOURNAL OF BUILDING PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE building technology; density; high-volume fly ash; specific heat
capacity; sustainability; thermal conductivity
ID MINERAL ADMIXTURES; THERMOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES; LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE;
CONDUCTIVITY; CEMENTS
AB As sustainability moves to the forefront of construction, the utilization of high-volume fly ash concrete mixtures to reduce CO(2) emissions and cement consumption per unit volume of concrete placed is receiving renewed interest. Concrete mixtures in which the fly ash replaces 50% or more of the Portland cement are both economically and technically viable. This article focuses on a characterization of the thermal properties, namely, specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity, of such mixtures. Both the raw materials and the finished products (mortars and concretes) are evaluated using a transient plane source method. Because the specimens being examined are well hydrated, estimates of the specific heat capacity based on a law of mixtures, with a 'bound water' specific heat capacity value being employed for the water in the mixture, provide reasonable predictions of the measured performance. As with most materials, thermal conductivity is found to be a function of density, while also being dependent on whether the aggregate source is siliceous or limestone. The measured values should provide a useful database for evaluating the thermal performance of high-volume fly ash concrete structures.
C1 [Bentz, D. P.; Peltz, M. A.] NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Duran-Herrera, A.; Valdez, P.; Juarez, C. A.] Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon, Acad Grp Concrete Technol, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
RP Bentz, DP (reprint author), NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8615, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM dale.bentz@nist.gov
RI UANL, FIC-UANL/O-5444-2015
NR 26
TC 31
Z9 32
U1 1
U2 7
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 1744-2591
J9 J BUILD PHYS
JI J. Build Phys.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 34
IS 3
BP 263
EP 275
DI 10.1177/1744259110376613
PG 13
WC Construction & Building Technology
SC Construction & Building Technology
GA 700LQ
UT WOS:000285743400004
ER
PT J
AU Park, TW
Ho, CH
Yang, S
AF Park, Tae-Won
Ho, Chang-Hoi
Yang, Song
TI Relationship between the Arctic Oscillation and Cold Surges over East
Asia
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID WINTER MONSOON; INTRASEASONAL AMPLIFICATION; INTERANNUAL VARIATION;
CLIMATE VARIABILITY; AIR OUTBREAKS; EDDIES; PRECIPITATION; TRAJECTORIES;
STRATOSPHERE; TEMPERATURE
AB The present study reveals the changes in the characteristics of cold surges over East Asia associated with the Arctic Oscillation (AO). Based on circulation features, cold surges are grouped into two general types: wave train and blocking types. The blocking type of cold surge tends to occur during negative AO periods, that is, the AO-related polarity of the blocking type. However, the wave train type is observed during both positive and negative AO periods, although the wave train features associated with negative AO are relatively weaker. The cold surges during negative AO are stronger than those during positive AO in terms of both amplitude and duration. The cold surges during positive AO in which the extent of effect is confined to inland China passes through East Asia quickly because of weaker Siberian high and Aleutian low, leading to short duration of these cold surges. In contrast, the cold surge during negative AO, characterized by a well-organized anticyclone-cyclone couplet with high pressure over continental East Asia and low pressure over Japan, brings continuous cold air into the entire East Asian region for more than one week with long-lasting cold advection. It is also found that the tracks of the cold surges during negative AO tend to occur more frequently over Korea and Japan and less frequently over China, compared with those during positive AO. The tracks are related to a west-east dipole structure of the ratio of rain conversion to snow according to AO phase, resulting in freezing precipitation or snowfall events over inland China (Korea and Japan) are likely to occur more frequently during the positive (negative) AO periods.
C1 [Ho, Chang-Hoi] Seoul Natl Univ, Climate Phys Lab, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea.
[Yang, Song] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NWS, NCEP, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Ho, CH (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Climate Phys Lab, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea.
EM hoch@cpl.snu.ac.kr
RI Yang, Song/B-4952-2009; Ho, Chang-Hoi/H-8354-2015
FU Korea Meteorological Administration [CATER 2006-4204]; Korean government
FX This work was funded by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research
and Development Program under Grant CATER 2006-4204. Park was also
supported by the BK21 project of the Korean government.
NR 47
TC 65
Z9 70
U1 9
U2 40
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 24
IS 1
BP 68
EP 83
DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3529.1
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 712II
UT WOS:000286659600004
ER
PT J
AU Richardson, MC
Kim, J
Ho, D
Snyder, CR
D'souza, NA
Holmes, GA
AF Richardson, Mickey C.
Kim, Jaehyun
Ho, Derek
Snyder, Chad R.
D'souza, Nandika A.
Holmes, Gale A.
TI Organofunctionalized Montmorillonite/Epoxy Nanocomposites: The Effect of
Interlayer Cation Distribution on Mechanical Properties
SO POLYMER COMPOSITES
LA English
DT Article
ID EPOXY-CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES; POLYMORPHISM
AB The present study indicates that a distribution of alkylammonium chain lengths in the interlayer of montmorillonite (MM) results in a greater degree of dispersion into an epoxy matrix (or possibly different polymer matrices) and improved ultimate tensile strengths. This hypothesis is supported by x-ray diffraction (XRD) data from the modified MM clays, which clearly shows that an increase in d-spacing does not result in an improvement in tensile strengths. Additional support is obtained from DSC analyses of the first and second heats of the treated clays which indicate that the C6 alkyl amine in a deposited (C18 + C6) alkyl ammonium mixture results in intercalation pathways for the epoxy resin. POLYM. COMPOS., 22:67-78, 2011. (C) 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
C1 [Richardson, Mickey C.; Kim, Jaehyun; Ho, Derek; Snyder, Chad R.; Holmes, Gale A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[D'souza, Nandika A.] Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76203 USA.
RP Holmes, GA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM gale.holmes@nist.gov
RI Snyder, Chad/B-4957-2008; Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011;
OI Snyder, Chad/0000-0002-2916-9809; DSouza, Nandika/0000-0002-8553-0347
NR 24
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 5
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0272-8397
J9 POLYM COMPOSITE
JI Polym. Compos.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 32
IS 1
BP 67
EP 78
DI 10.1002/pc.21019
PG 12
WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science
SC Materials Science; Polymer Science
GA 702OP
UT WOS:000285904300010
ER
PT J
AU O'Connell, PA
McKenna, GB
Chan, EP
Stafford, CM
AF O'Connell, Paul. A.
McKenna, Gregory B.
Chan, Edwin P.
Stafford, Christopher M.
TI Comment on "Viscoelastic properties of confined polymer films measured
via thermal wrinkling" by E. P. Chan, K. A. Page, S. H. Im, D. L.
Patton, R. Huang, and C. M. Stafford, Soft Matter, 2009, 5, 4638-4641
SO SOFT MATTER
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID POISSONS RATIO; MODULUS
C1 [O'Connell, Paul. A.; McKenna, Gregory B.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.
[Chan, Edwin P.; Stafford, Christopher M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP McKenna, GB (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.
EM greg.mckenna@ttu.edu
RI Chan, Edwin/G-1904-2011; McKenna, Gregory/O-1134-2013
OI McKenna, Gregory/0000-0002-5676-9930
NR 12
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 13
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1744-683X
J9 SOFT MATTER
JI Soft Matter
PY 2011
VL 7
IS 2
BP 788
EP 790
DI 10.1039/c0sm01046d
PG 3
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics,
Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science
GA 705EE
UT WOS:000286110900058
ER
PT J
AU Campbell, JP
Cheung, KP
Yu, LC
Suehle, JS
Oates, A
Sheng, K
AF Campbell, J. P.
Cheung, K. P.
Yu, L. C.
Suehle, J. S.
Oates, A.
Sheng, K.
TI Geometric Magnetoresistance Mobility Extraction in Highly Scaled
Transistors
SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Channel mobility; geometric magnetoresistance (gMR)
ID SERIES RESISTANCE; DEVICES; MOSFETS; HALL
AB Geometric magnetoresistance (gMR) provides a promising solution to the difficult challenges associated with channel mobility extraction in nanoscale transistors. However, this technique requires significant experimental considerations which are uncommon in most laboratories. In addition, removing the influence of series resistance on the extracted mobility introduces further difficulty. In this letter, we present a new gMR measurement methodology that not only greatly simplifies the experimental requirements but also yields mobility values which are free from series resistance effects.
C1 [Campbell, J. P.; Cheung, K. P.; Yu, L. C.; Suehle, J. S.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Oates, A.] Taiwan Semicond Mfg Corp, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
[Sheng, K.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
RP Campbell, JP (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jason.campbell@nist.gov; kpckpc@ieee.org; liangchun.yu@nist.gov;
john.suehle@nist.gov; aoates@tsmc.com; ksheng@ece.rutgers.edu
FU Office of Microelectronic Programs, National Institute of Standards and
Technology
FX This work was supported in part by the Office of Microelectronic
Programs, National Institute of Standards and Technology. The review of
this letter was arranged by Editor M. Ostling.
NR 14
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 4
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0741-3106
J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L
JI IEEE Electron Device Lett.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 32
IS 1
BP 75
EP 77
DI 10.1109/LED.2010.2086044
PG 3
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA 701ST
UT WOS:000285844400025
ER
PT J
AU Cammen, LM
Painter, A
AF Cammen, Leon M.
Painter, Amy
TI National Sea Grant College Loan Program Summary
SO SEA TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Cammen, Leon M.; Painter, Amy] NOAA, Natl Sea Grant Coll Program, Silver Spring, MD USA.
RP Cammen, LM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Sea Grant Coll Program, Silver Spring, MD USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC
PI ARLINGTON
PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA
SN 0093-3651
J9 SEA TECHNOL
JI Sea Technol.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 52
IS 1
BP 26
EP 27
PG 2
WC Engineering, Ocean
SC Engineering
GA 715FK
UT WOS:000286865800009
ER
PT J
AU Willis, Z
AF Willis, Zdenka
TI U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System: Partnership Serving Lives and
Livelihoods
SO SEA TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA.
RP Willis, Z (reprint author), NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC
PI ARLINGTON
PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA
SN 0093-3651
J9 SEA TECHNOL
JI Sea Technol.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 52
IS 1
BP 28
EP 29
PG 2
WC Engineering, Ocean
SC Engineering
GA 715FK
UT WOS:000286865800010
ER
PT J
AU Lew, DK
Wallmo, K
AF Lew, Daniel K.
Wallmo, Kristy
TI External Tests of Scope and Embedding in Stated Preference Choice
Experiments: An Application to Endangered Species Valuation
SO ENVIRONMENTAL & RESOURCE ECONOMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Choice experiments; Endangered fish; US Endangered Species Act; Marine
mammals; Scope tests; Stated preference methods; Willingness to pay
ID WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; VALUING PUBLIC-GOODS; CONTINGENT VALUATION; INSTREAM
FLOWS; NEW-MEXICO; VALUES; SENSITIVITY; MODELS; RISK; DISTRIBUTIONS
AB A criticism often levied against stated preference (SP) valuation results is that they sometimes do not display sensitivity to differences in the magnitude or scope of the good being valued. In this study, we test the sensitivity of preferences for several proposed expanded protection programs that would protect up to three US Endangered Species Act-listed species: the Puget Sound Chinook salmon, the smalltooth sawfish, and the Hawaiian monk seal. An external scope test is employed via a split-sample SP choice experiment survey to evaluate whether there is a significant difference in willingness to pay (WTP) for protecting more species and/or achieving greater improvements in the status of the species. The majority of 46 scope tests indicate sensitivity to scope, and the pattern of scope test failures is consistent with diminishing marginal utility with respect to the amount of protection to each species. Further tests suggest WTP may be proportional to the number of species valued.
C1 [Lew, Daniel K.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Lew, Daniel K.] NOAA, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Alaska Fishe, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Wallmo, Kristy] NOAA, Off Sci & Technol, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Wallmo, Kristy] Univ Maryland, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA.
RP Lew, DK (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
EM Dan.Lew@noaa.gov
OI Lew, Daniel/0000-0002-3394-138X
NR 55
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 3
U2 24
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0924-6460
J9 ENVIRON RESOUR ECON
JI Environ. Resour. Econ.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 48
IS 1
BP 1
EP 23
DI 10.1007/s10640-010-9394-1
PG 23
WC Economics; Environmental Studies
SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 693CB
UT WOS:000285201100001
ER
PT J
AU Black, PE
AF Black, Paul E.
BE Beszedes, A
Lawrie, D
TI Counting Bugs is Harder Than You Think
SO 11TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKING CONFERENCE ON SOURCE CODE ANALYSIS AND
MANIPULATION (SCAM 2011)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 11th IEEE International Working Conference on Source Code Analysis and
Manipulation/IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance/IEEE
International Symposium on Web Systems Evolution/VISSOFT/MESOCA
CY SEP 25-26, 2011
CL Williamsburg, VA
SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Council Software Engn, CREST, Semant Design Inc (SD), IET Software
DE software engineering; software tools; software metrics; software
debugging
ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE
AB Software Assurance Metrics And Tool Evaluation (SAMATE) is a broad, inclusive project at the U. S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) with the goal of improving software assurance by developing materials, specifications, and methods to test tools and techniques and measure their effectiveness. We review some SAMATE sub-projects: web application security scanners, malware research protocol, electronic voting systems, the SAMATE Reference Dataset, a public repository of thousands of example programs with known weaknesses, and the Static Analysis Tool Exposition (SATE). Along the way we list over two dozen possible research questions, which are also collaboration opportunities.
Software metrics are incomplete without metrics of what is variously called bugs, flaws, or faults. We detail numerous critical research problems related to such metrics. For instance, is a warning from a source code scanner a real bug, a false positive, or something else? If a numeric overflow leads to buffer overflow, which leads to command injection, what is the error? How many bugs are there if two sources call two sinks: 1, 2, or 4? Where is a missing feature? We conclude with a list of concepts which may be a useful basis of bug metrics.
C1 US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Software & Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
RP Black, PE (reprint author), US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Software & Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
EM paul.black@nist.gov
NR 33
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC
PI LOS ALAMITOS
PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA
BN 978-0-7695-4347-5
PY 2011
BP 1
EP 9
DI 10.1109/SCAM.2011.24
PG 9
WC Computer Science, Software Engineering
SC Computer Science
GA BYL76
UT WOS:000299279600001
ER
PT B
AU Greenberg, CS
Martin, AF
Barr, BN
Doddington, GR
AF Greenberg, Craig S.
Martin, Alvin F.
Barr, Bradford N.
Doddington, George R.
GP Int Speech Commun Assoc
TI Report on Performance Results in the NIST 2010 Speaker Recognition
Evaluation
SO 12TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE INTERNATIONAL SPEECH COMMUNICATION
ASSOCIATION 2011 (INTERSPEECH 2011), VOLS 1-5
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 12th Annual Conference of the
International-Speech-Communication-Association 2011 (INTERSPEECH 2011)
CY AUG 27-31, 2011
CL Florence, ITALY
SP Int Speech Commun Assoc (ISCA)
DE speaker recognition; speaker detection; NIST SREs
AB In the spring of 2010, the National Institute of Standards and Technology organized a Speaker Recognition Evaluation in which several factors believed to affect the performance of speaker recognition systems were explored. Among the factors considered in the evaluation were channel conditions, duration of training and test segments, number of training segments, and level of vocal effort. New cost function parameters emphasizing lower false alarm rates were used for two of the tests in the evaluation, and the reduction in false alarm rates exhibited by many of the systems suggests that the new measure may have helped to focus research on the low false alarm region of operation, which is important in many applications.
C1 [Greenberg, Craig S.; Martin, Alvin F.; Barr, Bradford N.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Greenberg, CS (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM craig.greenberg@nist.gov; alvin.martin@nist.gov; bradford.barr@nist.gov;
george.doddington@comcast.net
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU ISCA-INT SPEECH COMMUNICATION ASSOC
PI BAIXAS
PA C/O EMMANUELLE FOXONET, 4 RUE DES FAUVETTES, LIEU DIT LOUS TOURILS,
BAIXAS, F-66390, FRANCE
BN 978-1-61839-270-1
PY 2011
BP 268
EP +
PG 2
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science,
Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BEG84
UT WOS:000316502200069
ER
PT B
AU Fojtova, L
Krajsa, O
AF Fojtova, Lucie
Krajsa, Ondrej
BE Vrba, K
Koton, J
Krajsa, O
TI Host distance measurement using ICMP protocol in IP networks
SO 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RESEARCH IN TELECOMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGIES, RTT2011
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 13th International Conference on Research in Telecommunication
Technologies (RTT 2011)
CY SEP 07-09, 2011
CL Techov, CZECH REPUBLIC
SP Brno Univ Technol, CESA Engn
AB Lately, more and more network applications appear to require an accurate knowledge of the Internet station positions in order to operate properly. A typical example is the requirement from the web server owners to be able to find out their websites visitors geographical position more accurately, than the national level, the reason for it being ie automated language recognition. Thus, many of geolocation algorithms are being developed. Most of them are based on RTT (round-trip-time) values measurement, which is then mapped onto geographical distances. This paper deals with the dependence of RTT on the geographic distance. All the measurements needed for dependence determination took place in a dynamically growing network, PlanetLab, which tries to simulate real Internet environment. The result of this work is a set of RTT values measured in real IP networks and their brief analysis.
C1 [Fojtova, Lucie] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Krajsa, Ondrej] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA.
RP Fojtova, L (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM fojtova@boulder.nist.gov; krajsa@nrim.go.jp
FU [123456]
FX This work was supported in part by the Grant 123456 (sponsor and
financial support acknowledgment goes here).
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU BRNO UNIV TECHNOLOGY VUT PRESS
PI BRNO
PA ANTONINSKA 548-1, BRNO 601 90, CZECH REPUBLIC
BN 978-80-214-4283-2
PY 2011
BP 6
EP 9
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA BG9SH
UT WOS:000393726100002
ER
PT S
AU Lehman, JH
Betz, K
Grossman, EN
AF Lehman, John H.
Betz, Kerry
Grossman, Erich N.
BE Koch, M
TI Carbon Nanotube Arrays for Absolute IR and THz Radiometry
SO 2011 36TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND
TERAHERTZ WAVES (IRMMW-THZ)
SE International Conference on Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 36th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz
Waves (IRMMW-THz)
CY OCT 02-07, 2011
CL Houston, TX
SP Rice Univ, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, NASA, California Inst Technol, Jet Prop Lab, Univ Wollongong
AB We have assembled and evaluated a novel electrically calibrated thermopile having an array of 1.5 mm long multiwalled carbon nanotubes as the radiation absorber. We find very low reflectance at the 390 mu m laser wavelength and excellent agreement between optical and electrical measurements in the visible spectrum.
C1 [Lehman, John H.; Betz, Kerry; Grossman, Erich N.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Lehman, JH (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO USA.
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2162-2027
BN 978-1-4577-0509-0
J9 INT CONF INFRA MILLI
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA BJT73
UT WOS:000330296300327
ER
PT S
AU Xu, Q
Cheng, YC
Li, XF
Fang, CY
Pichel, WG
AF Xu, Qing
Cheng, Yongcun
Li, Xiaofeng
Fang, Chaoyang
Pichel, William G.
BE Wu, Y
TI Ocean Surface Wind Speed of Hurricane Helene Observed by SAR
SO 2011 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND
INFORMATION APPLICATION TECHNOLOGY ESIAT 2011, VOL 10, PT C
SE Procedia Environmental Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 3rd International Conference on Environmental Science and Information
Application Technology (ESIAT)
CY AUG 20-21, 2011
CL Xian, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP Hong Kong Educ, Engn Technol Press, Asia Pacific Environm Sci Res Ctr, Wuhan Univ, Huazhong Normal Univ, China Univ Geosci, Wuhan Inst Technol
DE Synthetic aperture radar (SAR); hurricane; wind speed
AB The hurricanes can be detected by many remote sensors, but synthetic aperture radar (SAR) can yield high-resolution (sub-kilometer) and low-level wind information that cannot be seen below the cloud by other sensors. In this paper, an assessment of SAR capability of monitoring high-resolution hurricane was conducted. A case study was carried out to retrieve ocean surface wind field from C-band RADARSAT-1 SAR image which captured the structure of hurricane Helene over the Atlantic Ocean on 20 September, 2006. With wind direction from the outputs of U. S. Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) model, C-band geophysical model functions (GMFs) which describe the normalized radar cross section (NRCS) dependence on the wind speed and the geometry of radar observations (i.e., incidence angle and azimuth angle with respect to wind direction) such as CMOD5 and newly developed CIWRAP models have been tested to extract wind speed from SAR data. The SAR retrieved ocean surface winds were compared to the aircraft wind speed observations from stepped frequency microwave radiometer (SFMR). The results show the capability of hurricane wind monitoring by SAR. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of Conference ESIAT2011 Organization Committee.
C1 [Xu, Qing] Hohai Univ, Key Lab Coastal Disasters & Def, Minist Educ, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
[Cheng, Yongcun] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Space Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark.
[Cheng, Yongcun] State Key Lab Satellite Ocean Environm Dynam, Hangzhou, Peoples R China.
[Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA, NESDIS, IMSG, Camp Springs, MD 20740 USA.
[Fang, Chaoyang] Key Lab Poyang Lake Wetland & Watershed Res, Minist Educ, Nanchang, Jiangxi, Peoples R China.
[Pichel, William G.] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20740 USA.
RP Xu, Q (reprint author), Hohai Univ, Key Lab Coastal Disasters & Def, Minist Educ, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
EM gang_xu123@sina.cn
RI Pichel, William/F-5619-2010; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008
OI Pichel, William/0000-0001-6332-0149; Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41006108]; Open Fund of
State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics [SOED1104];
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2009B02514];
Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Coastal Disasters; Defence of Ministry of
Education
FX Radarsat- SAR data used in this study were provided by Canadian Space
Agency ( CAS). This work was supported by National Natural Science
Foundation of China through grant 41006108, the Open Fund of State Key
Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics through grant
SOED1104, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
through grant 2009B02514 and Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Coastal
Disasters and Defence of Ministry of Education.
NR 9
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1878-0296
J9 PROCEDIA ENVIRON SCI
PY 2011
VL 10
BP 2097
EP 2101
DI 10.1016/j.proenv.2011.09.327
PN C
PG 5
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA BDA15
UT WOS:000312275800036
ER
PT S
AU Matei, I
Baras, JS
AF Matei, Ion
Baras, John S.
GP IEEE
TI The Geometry of a Probabilistic Consensus of Opinion Algorithm
SO 2011 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE
SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT American Control Conference (ACC)
CY JUN 29-JUL 01, 2011
CL San Francisco, CA
SP Boeing, Bosch, Corning, Eaton, GE Global Res, Honeywell, Lockheed Martin, MathWorks, Natl Instruments, NT-MDT, United Technol
ID MULTIAGENT SYSTEMS; NETWORKS; AGENTS
AB We consider the problem of a group of agents whose objective is to asymptotically reach agreement of opinion. The agents exchange information subject to a communication topology modeled by a time varying graph. The agents use a probabilistic algorithm under which at each time instant an agent updates its state by probabilistically choosing from its current state/opinion and the ones of its neighbors. We show that under some minimal assumptions on the communication topology (infinitely often connectivity and bounded intercommunication time between agents), the agents reach agreement with probability one. We show that this algorithm has the same geometric properties as the linear consensus algorithm in R-n. More specifically, we show that the probabilistic update scheme of an agent is equivalent to choosing a point from the (generalized) convex hull of its current state and the states of its neighbors; convex hull defined on a particular convex metric space where the states of the agents live and for which a detailed description is given.
C1 [Matei, Ion] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Matei, Ion] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
[Baras, John S.] Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Matei, I (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM imatei@umd.edu; baras@umd.edu
FU US Air Force Office of Scientific Research MURI [FA9550-09-1-0538];
Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) [013641-001];
Multi-Scale Systems Center (MuSyC) through the FRCP of SRC; DARPA; BAE
Systems [W911NF-08-2-0004]
FX This material is based upon work supported by the US Air Force Office of
Scientific Research MURI award FA9550-09-1-0538, by the Defence Advanced
Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under award number 013641-001 for the
Multi-Scale Systems Center (MuSyC) through the FRCP of SRC and DARPA,
and by BAE Systems award number W911NF-08-2-0004 (the ARL MAST CTA).
NR 28
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 0743-1619
BN 978-1-4577-0081-1
J9 P AMER CONTR CONF
PY 2011
PG 6
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering
GA BWZ06
UT WOS:000295376002136
ER
PT S
AU Abashin, M
Agrawal, A
Lezec, H
AF Abashin, Maxim
Agrawal, Amit
Lezec, Henri
GP IEEE
TI Surface-Plasmon Coupled X-apertures for Optical Field Enhancement and
Localization
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
ID RAMAN-SCATTERING; ANTENNA; ARRAYS
AB We design, fabricate and characterize periodic arrays of X-shaped nano-aperture antennas in Ag films. By matching the plasmonic resonance of individual antennas to that of the array, we demonstrate high field enhancement and localization.
C1 [Abashin, Maxim; Agrawal, Amit; Lezec, Henri] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Abashin, M (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM maxim.abashin@nist.gov
RI Agrawal, Amit/C-3728-2009
OI Agrawal, Amit/0000-0001-8230-4603
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612404117
ER
PT S
AU Agrawal, A
Susut, C
Stafford, G
McMorran, B
Lezec, H
Talin, AA
AF Agrawal, Amit
Susut, Ceren
Stafford, Gery
McMorran, Ben
Lezec, Henri
Talin, A. Alec
GP IEEE
TI Integrated Electrochromic Nanoplasmonic Optical Switch
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
ID MODULATION
AB We demonstrate active switching of light through a nanoslit based plasmonic devices using electrochromic Prussian blue nanocrystals, and achieve large (similar to 95%) transmission modulation by switching the nanocrystals between oxidized and reduced states. (C)2010 Optical Society of America
C1 [Agrawal, Amit; Susut, Ceren; McMorran, Ben; Lezec, Henri; Talin, A. Alec] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Agrawal, Amit] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanocenter, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Agrawal, A (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM amit.agrawal@nist.gov
RI Agrawal, Amit/C-3728-2009
OI Agrawal, Amit/0000-0001-8230-4603
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612404097
ER
PT S
AU Barber, ZW
Dahl, J
Roos, PA
Reibel, RR
Greenfield, N
Giorgetta, F
Coddington, I
Newbury, N
AF Barber, Zeb W.
Dahl, Jason
Roos, Peter A.
Reibel, Randy R.
Greenfield, Nathan
Giorgetta, Fabrizio
Coddington, Ian
Newbury, Nathan
GP IEEE
TI Ultra-Broadband Chirp Linearity Characterization with an Optical
Frequency Comb
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
ID LINEARIZATION
AB The linearity of actively stabilized laser chirp from approximately 1530 to 1570 nm is measured by use of an optical frequency comb showing residuals of < 60 kHz after removing low order dispersion related effects.
C1 [Barber, Zeb W.; Dahl, Jason] Montana State Univ, Spectrum Lab, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
[Roos, Peter A.; Reibel, Randy R.; Greenfield, Nathan] Bridger Photon Inc, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA.
[Giorgetta, Fabrizio; Coddington, Ian; Newbury, Nathan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Barber, ZW (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Spectrum Lab, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
EM barber@spectrum.montana.edu
FU Montana Board of Research and Commercialization Technology [10-04]
FX This work was supported by the Montana Board of Research and
Commercialization Technology, Grant #10-04.
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612402171
ER
PT S
AU Berggren, KK
Anant, V
Baek, B
Dauler, E
Hu, X
Kerman, AJ
Marsili, F
Mirin, RP
Molnar, R
Nam, SW
Najafi, F
Stevens, MJ
Wong, F
Zhong, T
AF Berggren, K. K.
Anant, V.
Baek, B.
Dauler, E.
Hu, X.
Kerman, A. J.
Marsili, F.
Mirin, R. P.
Molnar, R.
Nam, S. W.
Najafi, F.
Stevens, M. J.
Wong, F.
Zhong, Tian
GP IEEE
TI Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
AB Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors show exceptional performance for quantum information processing, but several developments promise further progress, including new signal-amplification methods and efficient devices in the mid-infrared. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America
C1 [Berggren, K. K.; Anant, V.; Hu, X.; Marsili, F.; Najafi, F.; Wong, F.; Zhong, Tian] MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Dauler, E.; Kerman, A. J.; Molnar, R.] MIT Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02421 USA.
[Baek, B.; Mirin, R. P.; Nam, S. W.; Stevens, M. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 20899 USA.
RP Berggren, KK (reprint author), MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
RI Marsili, Francesco/E-4087-2012
OI Marsili, Francesco/0000-0003-0209-172X
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612402404
ER
PT S
AU Bryant, GW
Artuso, RD
Garcia-Etxarri, A
Aizpurua, J
AF Bryant, Garnett W.
Artuso, Ryan D.
Garcia-Etxarri, Aitzol
Aizpurua, Javier
GP IEEE
TI Using Local Fields to Tailor Hybrid Quantum Dot-Metal Nanoparticle
Systems: Connecting the Dots
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
AB We study systems of metal nanoparticles (MNP) coupled with semiconducting quantum dots (SQD). Hybrid behavior can be tailored by the MNP shape and the exciton resonance of SQDs which determine the local fields. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America
C1 [Bryant, Garnett W.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Artuso, Ryan D.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Garcia-Etxarri, Aitzol; Aizpurua, Javier] CSIC, Donostia Int Phys Ctr & Centro Fis Mat, UPV EHU, E-20018 Donostia San Sebastia, Spain.
RP Bryant, GW (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM garnett.bryant@nist.gov
RI Garcia-Etxarri, Aitzol/B-7311-2008; Aizpurua, Javier/E-6889-2014
OI Garcia-Etxarri, Aitzol/0000-0002-5867-2390; Aizpurua,
Javier/0000-0002-1444-7589
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612404015
ER
PT S
AU Chen, J
Levine, ZH
Fan, JY
Migdall, A
AF Chen, Jun
Levine, Zachary H.
Fan, Jingyun
Migdall, Alan
GP IEEE
TI Silicon-on-Insulator Microresonator-based Source of Frequency-Bin
Entangled Comb of Photon Pairs
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
ID WAVE-GUIDES; GENERATION
AB We present a quantum theory for frequency-bin entangled photon-pair generation via four-wave mixing from a Silicon-on-Insulator microresonator. We also provide design principles for such a microresonator through extensive numerical simulations. * Work of U.S. government; not subject to copyright
C1 [Chen, Jun; Levine, Zachary H.; Fan, Jingyun; Migdall, Alan] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Chen, J (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jun.chen@nist.gov
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612403427
ER
PT S
AU Coddington, I
Giorgetta, FR
Baumann, E
Swann, WC
Newbury, NR
AF Coddington, I.
Giorgetta, F. R.
Baumann, E.
Swann, W. C.
Newbury, N. R.
GP IEEE
TI Dual-Comb Based Measurement of Frequency Agile Lasers
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
ID SPECTROSCOPY; COUNTER; RANGE
AB Properly stabilized, frequency combs form high accuracy references across much of the optical spectrum. Here we employ dual frequency combs to harness this accuracy for fast and high resolution measurements of frequency agile CW lasers. Work of the U.S. government, not subject to copyright.
C1 [Coddington, I.; Giorgetta, F. R.; Baumann, E.; Swann, W. C.; Newbury, N. R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Coddington, I (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM ian@nist.gov
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612402221
ER
PT S
AU Davanco, M
Rakher, MT
Badolato, A
Srinivasan, K
AF Davanco, Marcelo
Rakher, Matthew T.
Badolato, Antonio
Srinivasan, Kartik
GP IEEE
TI Nanophotonic circular dielectric grating for efficient free-space
extraction of single quantum dot emission
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
ID PHOTON SOURCE
AB We demonstrate a suspended circular grating for efficient, broadband photoluminescence spectroscopy of single self-assembled InAs quantum dots. Collected photon rates are 20 times greater than in bulk, and significant radiative lifetime reduction is observed. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America
C1 [Davanco, Marcelo; Rakher, Matthew T.; Srinivasan, Kartik] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Davanco, Marcelo] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Badolato, Antonio] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA.
RP Davanco, M (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM mdavanco@nist.gov
RI Rakher, Matthew/C-2287-2011
OI Rakher, Matthew/0000-0002-4490-4197
FU NIST-CNST/UMD-NanoCenter Cooperative Agreement
FX This work has been partly supported by the NIST-CNST/UMD-NanoCenter
Cooperative Agreement.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612403440
ER
PT S
AU Deng, L
Hagley, EW
Wang, RQ
AF Deng, L.
Hagley, E. W.
Wang, Ruquan
GP IEEE
TI Observation of a Red-Blue Detuning Asymmetry in Matter-Wave
Superradiance
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
AB We report the first experimental observation of strong suppression of matter-wave superradiance using blue-detuned pump light and demonstrate a pump-laser detuning asymmetry in the collective atomic recoil motion. In contrast to all previous theoretical frameworks, which predict that the process should be symmetric with respect to the sign of the detuning of the pump laser from the one-photon resonance, we find that for condensates the symmetry is broken. With high condensate densities and red-detuned pump light the distinctive multi-order, matter-wave scattering pattern is clearly visible, whereas with blue-detuned pump light superradiance is strongly suppressed. However, in the limit of a dilute atomic gas symmetry is restored.
C1 [Deng, L.; Hagley, E. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Wang, Ruquan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.
RP Deng, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM lu.deng@nist.gov
RI Hagley, Edward/B-4285-2012
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612404158
ER
PT S
AU Durand, M
Lawall, J
Wang, YC
AF Durand, Mathieu
Lawall, John
Wang, Yicheng
GP IEEE
TI Toward a picometer displacement-sensing interferometry for the next
generation of calculable capacitor
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
AB A high resolution Fabry-Perot interferometer system is designed to measure displacement by measuring both the cavity mode spacing and absolute mode position shifts. We achieve a fractional uncertainty of 2 x 10(-9)/root Hz without any optical frequency standard. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America
C1 [Durand, Mathieu; Lawall, John; Wang, Yicheng] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Durand, M (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM mathieu.durand@nist.gov
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612402169
ER
PT S
AU Edwards, M
Benton, B
Heward, J
Clark, CW
AF Edwards, Mark
Benton, Brandon
Heward, Jeffrey
Clark, Charles W.
GP IEEE
TI Momentum-space engineering of gaseous Bose-Einstein condensates
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
AB Bose-Einstein condensate momentum distributions can be shaped by standing-wave laser pulse sequences. We find that several momentum distributions, important in atom-interferometry applications, can be engineered with high fidelity with two or three pulses.
C1 [Edwards, Mark; Benton, Brandon; Heward, Jeffrey] Georgia So Univ, Dept Phys, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA.
[Clark, Charles W.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Edwards, M (reprint author), Georgia So Univ, Dept Phys, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA.
EM edwards@georgiasouthern.edu
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612403435
ER
PT S
AU Ferdous, F
Miao, HX
Leaird, DE
Srinivasan, K
Wang, J
Chen, L
Varghese, LT
Weiner, AM
AF Ferdous, Fahmida
Miao, Houxun
Leaird, Daniel E.
Srinivasan, Kartik
Wang, Jian
Chen, Lei
Varghese, Leo Tom
Weiner, A. M.
GP IEEE
TI Spectral Line-by-Line Pulse Shaping of an On-Chip Microresonator
Frequency Comb
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
AB We report spectral phase characterization and optical arbitrary waveform generation of on-chip microresonator combs. Random relative frequency shifts due to uncorrelated variations of frequency dependent phase are at or below the 100 mu Hz level. (C) Optical Society of America
C1 [Ferdous, Fahmida; Leaird, Daniel E.; Wang, Jian; Varghese, Leo Tom; Weiner, A. M.] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, 465 NW Ave, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Miao, Houxun; Srinivasan, Kartik; Chen, Lei] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Miao, Houxun] Univ Maryland, Nano Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Wang, Jian; Varghese, Leo Tom; Weiner, A. M.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
RP Ferdous, F (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, 465 NW Ave, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
EM houxun.miao@nist.gov; amw@purdue.edu
RI Varghese, Leo/M-5396-2013
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612403216
ER
PT S
AU Gerrits, T
Baek, B
Stevens, MJ
Calkins, B
Lita, A
Glancy, S
Knill, E
Nam, SW
Mirin, RP
Hadfield, RH
Bennink, RS
Grice, WP
Dorenbos, S
Zijlstra, T
Klapwijk, T
Zwiller, V
AF Gerrits, Thomas
Baek, Burm
Stevens, Martin J.
Calkins, Brice
Lita, Adriana
Glancy, Scott
Knill, Emanuel
Nam, Sae Woo
Mirin, Richard P.
Hadfield, Robert H.
Bennink, Ryan S.
Grice, Warren P.
Dorenbos, Sander
Zijlstra, Tony
Klapwijk, Teun
Zwiller, Val
GP IEEE
TI Characterization of high-purity, pulsed squeezed light at telecom
wavelengths from pp-KTP for quantum information applications
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
AB We characterize a pp-KTP crystal designed to produce pure single mode squeezed vacuum at 1570 nm. Measurements show Hong-Ou-Mandel interference with 97% visibility and a circular joint spectral distribution with a Schmidt number of 1.08. * Contribution of NIST, an agency of the U. S. Government, not subject to copyright
C1 [Gerrits, Thomas; Baek, Burm; Stevens, Martin J.; Calkins, Brice; Lita, Adriana; Glancy, Scott; Knill, Emanuel; Nam, Sae Woo; Mirin, Richard P.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Hadfield, Robert H.] Heriot Watt Univ, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland.
[Bennink, Ryan S.; Grice, Warren P.; Dorenbos, Sander] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Quantum Informat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Dorenbos, Sander; Zijlstra, Tony; Klapwijk, Teun; Zwiller, Val] Delft Univ Technol, Kavli Inst Nanosci, Delft, Netherlands.
RP Gerrits, T (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM gerrits@boulder.nist.gov
RI Hadfield, Robert/L-8081-2013; Grice, Warren/L-8466-2013
OI Hadfield, Robert/0000-0002-8084-4187;
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612403431
ER
PT S
AU Gerrity, MR
Brown, S
Popmintchev, T
Chen, MC
Witte, S
Murnane, MM
Kapteyn, HC
Backus, S
AF Gerrity, M. R.
Brown, S.
Popmintchev, T.
Chen, M. -C.
Witte, S.
Murnane, M. M.
Kapteyn, H. C.
Backus, S.
GP IEEE
TI High power, 60MHz, cryogenically cooled, mode-locked, Yb:YAG oscillator
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
ID LASER
AB We demonstrate a 60MHz, cryogenically cooled, mode-locked Yb:YAG oscillator with up to 12W average output power. Mode-locking is achieved via a SESAM, an intracavity SHG crystal, and an iris near focus for spatial mode filtering.
C1 [Gerrity, M. R.; Brown, S.; Popmintchev, T.; Chen, M. -C.; Witte, S.; Murnane, M. M.; Kapteyn, H. C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Backus, S.] Kapteyn Murnane Labs Inc, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
RP Gerrity, MR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM michael.gerrity@colorado.edu
RI Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011; Popmintchev, Tenio/B-6715-2008; Backus,
Sterling/C-2506-2008
OI Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317; Popmintchev,
Tenio/0000-0002-2023-2226;
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612401239
ER
PT S
AU Goldschmidt, EA
Beavan, SE
Polyakov, SV
Migdall, AL
Sellars, MJ
AF Goldschmidt, E. A.
Beavan, S. E.
Polyakov, S. V.
Migdall, A. L.
Sellars, M. J.
GP IEEE
TI Spin-wave generation and storage in a solid state system
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
AB We report correlations between multi-photon pulses generated via spontaneous Raman scattering in a rare-earth ion-doped crystal. This is a first step toward implementing a quantum repeater scheme in such a material.
C1 [Goldschmidt, E. A.; Polyakov, S. V.; Migdall, A. L.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Goldschmidt, E. A.; Polyakov, S. V.; Migdall, A. L.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Insti, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Beavan, S. E.; Sellars, M. J.] Australian Natl Univ, RSPhysSE, Laser Phys Ctr, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
RP Goldschmidt, EA (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM elizabeth.goldschmidt@nist.gov
RI Sellars, Matthew/J-3130-2014
OI Sellars, Matthew/0000-0002-0502-0444
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612403419
ER
PT S
AU Grover, JA
Hoffman, JE
Kim, Z
Wood, AK
Anderson, JR
Dragt, AJ
Hafezi, M
Lobb, CJ
Orozco, LA
Rolston, SL
Taylor, JM
Vlahacos, CP
Wellstood, FC
AF Grover, J. A.
Hoffman, J. E.
Kim, Z.
Wood, A. K.
Anderson, J. R.
Dragt, A. J.
Hafezi, M.
Lobb, C. J.
Orozco, L. A.
Rolston, S. L.
Taylor, J. M.
Vlahacos, C. P.
Wellstood, F. C.
GP IEEE
TI Cold Atoms Coupled to a Superconducting Flux Qubit
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
AB We present a scheme and our advances to magnetically couple Rb-87 atoms to a superconducting flux qubit by trapping the atoms in the evanescent wave outside an tapered optical fiber. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America
C1 [Grover, J. A.; Hoffman, J. E.; Kim, Z.; Wood, A. K.; Anderson, J. R.; Dragt, A. J.; Hafezi, M.; Lobb, C. J.; Orozco, L. A.; Rolston, S. L.; Taylor, J. M.; Vlahacos, C. P.; Wellstood, F. C.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Grover, J. A.; Hoffman, J. E.; Kim, Z.; Wood, A. K.; Anderson, J. R.; Dragt, A. J.; Hafezi, M.; Lobb, C. J.; Orozco, L. A.; Rolston, S. L.; Taylor, J. M.; Vlahacos, C. P.; Wellstood, F. C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Grover, JA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM lorozco@umd.edu
RI Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011; rolston, steven/L-5175-2013
OI Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594; rolston, steven/0000-0003-1671-4190
FU National Science Foundation through the Physics Frontier Center at the
Joint Quantum Institute
FX Work supported by the National Science Foundation through the Physics
Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute.
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612403409
ER
PT S
AU Iliev, M
Meier, AK
Adams, DE
Squier, JA
Durfee, CG
AF Iliev, M.
Meier, A. K.
Adams, D. E.
Squier, J. A.
Durfee, C. G.
GP IEEE
TI Measurement of Energy Contrast of Amplified Ultrashort Pulses using
Cross Polarized Wave Generation and Spectral Interferometry
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
AB We interfere an amplified output pulse with a copy that has been converted using third-order cross-polarized wave generation. The ASE pedestal shows as a background in the interference, yielding the short-pulse/ASE energy contrast. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America
C1 [Iliev, M.; Meier, A. K.; Squier, J. A.; Durfee, C. G.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, 1523 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[Adams, D. E.] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Dept Phys & JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Durfee, CG (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, 1523 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
EM cdurfee@mines.edu
FU AFOSR [FA9550-10-1-0394]
FX We would like to acknowledge support from the AFOSR under contract
FA9550-10-1-0394
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612402081
ER
PT S
AU Kemiktarak, U
Metcalfe, M
Durand, M
Lawall, J
AF Kemiktarak, Utku
Metcalfe, Michael
Durand, Mathieu
Lawall, John
GP IEEE
TI Mechanically Compliant High Contrast Grating Mirrors for Radiation
Pressure Cooling
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
ID MICROMIRROR; CAVITY
AB We have developed micromechanical membranes with high reflectivity and low mass for optical cooling. By patterning silicon nitride membranes with grating structures we have achieved reflectivity of R = 99% and a quality factor of Q = 1.6 x 10(4). (C)2010 Optical Society of America
C1 [Kemiktarak, Utku; Metcalfe, Michael; Durand, Mathieu; Lawall, John] NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Kemiktarak, Utku; Metcalfe, Michael; Durand, Mathieu; Lawall, John] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Kemiktarak, U (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Kemiktarak, U (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM kemiktau@umd.edu
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612400062
ER
PT S
AU Kim, H
Shen, TC
Sridharan, D
Solomon, G
Waks, E
AF Kim, Hyochul
Shen, Thomas C.
Sridharan, Deepak
Solomon, Glenn
Waks, Edo
GP IEEE
TI Strong Interaction between Quantum Dot Exciton Spin States and a
Photonic Crystal Cavity
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
AB We apply a magnetic field to photonic crystal cavity devices with embedded Indium Arsenide (InAs) quantum dots (QDs), and demonstrate strong coupling between individual QD exciton spin states and a photonic crystal cavity.
C1 [Kim, Hyochul; Shen, Thomas C.; Sridharan, Deepak; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, IREAP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Solomon, Glenn] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Kim, H (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, IREAP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM hckim@umd.edu
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612404051
ER
PT S
AU Kirchner, MS
Diddams, SA
AF Kirchner, Matthew S.
Diddams, Scott A.
GP IEEE
TI Low-Noise Remote Transfer of a Phase-Encoded Frequency Comb through a
320m Phase-Stabilized Fiber
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
ID LINES
AB 640 frequency-stabilized comb modes are controlled in a line-by-line pulse shaper and transmitted through a noise-cancelled 320m fiber. This allows for transmission of phase-stable, high-fidelity shaped waveforms to a remote location.
C1 [Kirchner, Matthew S.; Diddams, Scott A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Kirchner, MS (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM mkirchne@boulder.nist.gov; scott.diddams@boulder.nist.gov
RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612400071
ER
PT S
AU Knabe, K
Williams, PA
Newbury, NR
AF Knabe, K.
Williams, P. A.
Newbury, N. R.
GP IEEE
TI Suitability of supercontinuum light near 2 mu m for coherent dual comb
spectroscopy
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
ID FIBER; GENERATION
AB We evaluate the signal-to-noise ratio penalty for dual comb spectroscopy caused by the excess optical phase noise and relative intensity noise on the long-wavelength supercontinuum of a spectrally broadened Er-fiber laser frequency comb. Work of the U. S. government, not subject to copyright.
C1 [Knabe, K.; Williams, P. A.; Newbury, N. R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Knabe, K (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM kevin.knabe@nist.gov
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612401348
ER
PT S
AU Liu, YX
Xu, H
Stief, F
Zhitenev, N
Yu, M
AF Liu, Yuxiang
Xu, Hua
Stief, Felix
Zhitenev, Nikolai
Yu, Miao
GP IEEE
TI Surface Plasmonic Lens on a Single-mode Optical Fiber for Far-field
Superfocusing
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
AB We experimentally demonstrate sub-diffraction-limit focuses achieved by surface plasmonic (SP) lenses directly fabricated on the endfaces of regular single-mode optical fibers. The fiber-based SP lens provides a solution to bridge nanophotonics and conventional optics. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America
C1 [Liu, Yuxiang; Stief, Felix; Yu, Miao] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Xu, Hua; Zhitenev, Nikolai] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Xu, Hua; Yu, Miao] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nano Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Liu, YX (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM mmyu@umd.edu
RI Zhitenev, Nikolai/N-1780-2014
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612401217
ER
PT S
AU Ma, LJ
Bienfang, JC
Slattery, O
Tang, X
AF Ma, Lijun
Bienfang, Joshua C.
Slattery, Oliver
Tang, Xiao
GP IEEE
TI Multi-wavelength pumping technique for up-conversion single-photon
detectors
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
AB We propose a multi-wavelength pumping technique to improve temporal resolution of up-conversion single-photon detectors. By using two-wavelength pumping we doubled the date rate of a quantum system beyond its original limitation. (C)2010 Optical Society of America
C1 [Ma, Lijun; Bienfang, Joshua C.; Slattery, Oliver; Tang, Xiao] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Ma, LJ (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Bienfang, Joshua/A-7285-2010
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612403376
ER
PT S
AU Malkova, N
Bryant, GW
AF Malkova, Natalia
Bryant, Garnett W.
GP IEEE
TI Topological Surface Modes in Photonic Structures
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
AB We design reconfigurable 'all-optical' photonic structures which can support 'one-way' surface modes. These modes are defined by the topology of the structures and must be robust and tolerant to external perturbations. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America
C1 [Malkova, Natalia; Bryant, Garnett W.] NIST, JQI, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Malkova, N (reprint author), NIST, JQI, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM nmalkova07@gmail.com
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612403026
ER
PT S
AU Maslowski, P
Foltynowicz, A
Adler, F
Cossel, KC
Briles, TC
Ban, T
Ye, J
AF Maslowski, P.
Foltynowicz, A.
Adler, F.
Cossel, K. C.
Briles, T. C.
Ban, T.
Ye, J.
GP IEEE
TI Broadband Direct Frequency Comb Spectroscopy in the Mid-Infrared
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY
AB Frequency-comb-based Fourier transform spectrometer operating in the 2100-3600 cm(-1) range is presented. System allows rapid acquisition of broadband high resolution (120 MHz) spectra, detecting ppb-level concentrations of various molecules in 30s.
C1 [Maslowski, P.; Foltynowicz, A.; Adler, F.; Cossel, K. C.; Briles, T. C.; Ban, T.; Ye, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Maslowski, P.; Foltynowicz, A.; Adler, F.; Cossel, K. C.; Briles, T. C.; Ban, T.; Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Maslowski, P (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM ye@jila.colorado.edu
RI Maslowski, Piotr/H-4476-2014
OI Maslowski, Piotr/0000-0001-8882-7106
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612401389
ER
PT S
AU McMorran, BJ
Agrawal, A
Anderson, IM
Herzing, A
Lezec, HJ
McClelland, JJ
Unguris, J
AF McMorran, Benjamin J.
Agrawal, Amit
Anderson, Ian M.
Herzing, Andrew
Lezec, Henri J.
McClelland, Jabez J.
Unguris, John
GP IEEE
TI Electron Laguerre-Gaussian beams
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
AB We use nanofabricated diffraction holograms to demonstrate electron Laguerre-Gaussian beams. These beams are analogous to optical vortices but are composed of charged particle wavefunctions possessing mass. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America
C1 [McMorran, Benjamin J.; Agrawal, Amit; Lezec, Henri J.; McClelland, Jabez J.; Unguris, John] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Anderson, Ian M.; Herzing, Andrew] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Agrawal, Amit] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP McMorran, BJ (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Herzing, Andrew/D-6239-2012; Agrawal, Amit/C-3728-2009; Unguris,
John/J-3989-2014; McClelland, Jabez/A-2358-2015
OI Agrawal, Amit/0000-0001-8230-4603; McClelland, Jabez/0000-0001-5672-5965
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 5
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612403294
ER
PT S
AU Muller, A
Flagg, EB
Lawall, JR
Gershoni, D
Solomon, GS
AF Muller, Andreas
Flagg, Edward B.
Lawall, John R.
Gershoni, David
Solomon, Glenn S.
GP IEEE
TI Ultra-High Finesse, Low Mode Volume Fabry-Perot Microcavity
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
ID OPTICAL CAVITY
AB We construct microcavities comprising ultralow-loss micromirrors fabricated by laser ablation and reflective coatings. With quality factors of 3.3x10(6) and finesses of 1.5x10(5), strong coupling or lasing with a single quantum emitter may be achieved.
C1 [Muller, Andreas; Flagg, Edward B.; Gershoni, David; Solomon, Glenn S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Lawall, John R.; Solomon, Glenn S.] NIST, Div Atom Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Muller, Andreas] Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA.
[Gershoni, David] Techn, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel.
RP Muller, A (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM edward.flagg@nist.gov
RI Flagg, Edward/G-2897-2013
OI Flagg, Edward/0000-0002-8065-4092
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612404023
ER
PT S
AU Neely, TW
Johnson, TA
Diddams, SA
AF Neely, Tyler W.
Johnson, Todd A.
Diddams, Scott A.
GP IEEE
TI Characterization of a difference-frequency based mid-infrared comb
source
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
ID MU-M
AB We characterize a broad bandwidth mid-IR comb source generated through difference frequency mixing of a Yb femtosecond fiber laser. The relationship between amplitude noise, timing jitter, and output power is explored.
C1 [Neely, Tyler W.; Johnson, Todd A.; Diddams, Scott A.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Neely, TW (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Mail Stop 847,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM tneely@boulder.nist.gov
RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013; Neely, Tyler/A-5015-2013
OI Neely, Tyler/0000-0002-5691-4982
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612401251
ER
PT S
AU Nugent-Glandorf, L
Johnson, TA
Kobayashi, Y
Diddams, SA
AF Nugent-Glandorf, Lora
Johnson, Todd A.
Kobayashi, Yohei
Diddams, Scott A.
GP IEEE
TI The Influence of Cavity Dispersion on Amplitude and Frequency Noise in a
Yb-fiber Laser Comb
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
ID TECHNOLOGY
AB We measure amplitude and frequency noise of a Yb fiber laser frequency comb in different dispersion regimes. Low cavity dispersion yields the lowest noise frequency comb.
C1 [Nugent-Glandorf, Lora; Johnson, Todd A.; Diddams, Scott A.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Mail Stop 847,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Kobayashi, Yohei] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 2778581, Japan.
RP Nugent-Glandorf, L (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Mail Stop 847,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM LNG@boulder.nist.gov
RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612401440
ER
PT S
AU Papp, SB
Diddams, SA
AF Papp, Scott B.
Diddams, Scott A.
GP IEEE
TI Towards an optical frequency comb with mm-scale microresonators for
distributing atomic standards
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
AB We will discuss progress on the fabrication of optical microresonators for generation of a frequency comb via nonlinear parametric oscillation. With disk-like resonators of quartz we have achieved Q = 10(9). (C) 2010 Optical Society of America
C1 [Papp, Scott B.; Diddams, Scott A.] NIST, Time & Frequency Div 688, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Papp, SB (reprint author), NIST, Time & Frequency Div 688, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM scott.papp@nist.gov
RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612402107
ER
PT S
AU Pelc, JS
Phillips, CR
Langrock, C
Zhang, Q
Ma, L
Slattery, O
Tang, X
Fejer, MM
AF Pelc, J. S.
Phillips, C. R.
Langrock, C.
Zhang, Q.
Ma, L.
Slattery, O.
Tang, X.
Fejer, M. M.
GP IEEE
TI Single-Photon Detection at 1550 nm via Upconversion Using a Tunable
Long-Wavelength Pump Source
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
ID LINBO3 WAVE-GUIDES; EFFICIENT; NOISE
AB We demonstrate 37% single-photon detection efficiency at 1550 nm via sum-frequency generation in a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide, by pumping with a monolithic optical parametric oscillator tunable near 1800 nm. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America
C1 [Pelc, J. S.; Phillips, C. R.; Langrock, C.; Zhang, Q.; Fejer, M. M.] Stanford Univ, Edward L Ginzton Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Ma, L.; Slattery, O.; Tang, X.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
RP Pelc, JS (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Edward L Ginzton Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
EM jpelc@stanford.edu
RI Pelc, Jason/F-3258-2012
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612401064
ER
PT S
AU Polyakov, SV
Muller, A
Ling, A
Borjemscaia, N
Flagg, EB
Van Keuren, E
Migdall, AL
Solomon, GS
AF Polyakov, Sergey V.
Muller, Andreas
Ling, Alex
Borjemscaia, Natalia
Flagg, Edward B.
Van Keuren, Edward
Migdall, Alan L.
Solomon, Glenn S.
GP IEEE
TI Interfacing single photons from dissimilar sources
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
AB We interface single photons generated by a quantum dot with those generated via parametric down-conversion. The photon indistinguishability is assessed by measuring their coalescence probability; it is 16% and limited by quantum dot decoherence.
C1 [Polyakov, Sergey V.; Muller, Andreas; Ling, Alex; Borjemscaia, Natalia; Flagg, Edward B.; Migdall, Alan L.; Solomon, Glenn S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Van Keuren, Edward] Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA.
RP Polyakov, SV (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM spoly@nist.gov
RI Flagg, Edward/G-2897-2013; Van Keuren, Edward/E-5581-2010
OI Flagg, Edward/0000-0002-8065-4092; Van Keuren,
Edward/0000-0001-8348-7587
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612404154
ER
PT S
AU Rahmani, A
Poulton, CG
Steel, MJ
Chaumet, PC
Bryant, GW
AF Rahmani, A.
Poulton, C. G.
Steel, M. J.
Chaumet, P. C.
Bryant, G. W.
GP IEEE
TI Purcell effect in a magnetic cavity
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
ID RADIATION
AB We study dipole emission inside a homogeneous, magnetic sphere. For fixed refractive index, the largest emission rate for an electric source is observed, in general, when the magnetic permeability is maximized. The corresponding result for a magnetic source follows by symmetry. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America
C1 [Rahmani, A.; Poulton, C. G.] Univ Technol Sydney, Dept Math Sci, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
[Steel, M. J.] Macquarie Univ, MQ Photon Res Ctr, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia.
[Steel, M. J.] Macquarie Univ, Ctr Excellence Ultrahigh Bandwidth Devices Opt Sy, Dept Phys & Astron, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia.
[Chaumet, P. C.] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Inst Fresnel, F-13013 Marseille, France.
[Bryant, G. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Bryant, G. W.] Joint Quantum Inst Gaithersburg, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Rahmani, A (reprint author), Univ Technol Sydney, Dept Math Sci, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
EM Adel.Rahmani@uts.edu.au
RI Poulton, Christopher/A-1088-2011
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612403046
ER
PT S
AU Rakher, MT
Srinivasan, K
AF Rakher, Matthew T.
Srinivasan, Kartik
GP IEEE
TI Sub-nanosecond Electro-optic Modulation of Triggered Single Photons from
a Quantum Dot
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
AB Telecommunications-band single photons from a quantum dot are amplitude modulated on timescales fast compared to its radiative decay. Control of single photon wave-packets is an important resource for developing hybrid quantum systems. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America
C1 [Rakher, Matthew T.; Srinivasan, Kartik] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Rakher, MT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM matthew.rakher@gmail.com
RI Rakher, Matthew/C-2287-2011
OI Rakher, Matthew/0000-0002-4490-4197
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612403374
ER
PT S
AU Ruehl, A
Cossel, KC
Martin, MJ
McKay, H
Thomas, B
Dong, L
Fermann, ME
Dudley, JM
Hartl, I
Ye, J
AF Ruehl, Axel
Cossel, Kevin C.
Martin, Michael. J.
McKay, Hugh
Thomas, Brian
Dong, Liang
Fermann, Martin E.
Dudley, John M.
Hartl, Ingmar
Ye, Jun
GP IEEE
TI 1.5 Octave Highly Coherent Fiber Frequency Comb
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
ID OPTICAL-FIBERS
AB We present a highly coherent Yb-fiber laser based frequency comb spanning nearly 1.5 spectral octaves. The coherence properties are investigated by optical beat experiments and numerical simulations.
C1 [Ruehl, Axel; McKay, Hugh; Thomas, Brian; Dong, Liang; Fermann, Martin E.; Hartl, Ingmar] IMRA Amer Inc, 1044 Woodridge Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
[Ruehl, Axel] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Inst Lasers Life & Biophoton, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands.
[Cossel, Kevin C.; Martin, Michael. J.; Ye, Jun] JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Cossel, Kevin C.; Martin, Michael. J.; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Dong, Liang] Clemson Univ, Coll Engn & Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.
[Dudley, John M.] Univ Franche Comte, Dept Opt, F-25000 Besancon, France.
RP Ruehl, A (reprint author), IMRA Amer Inc, 1044 Woodridge Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
EM a.ruehl@vu.nl
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612401346
ER
PT S
AU Safronova, M
Kozlov, M
Clark, CW
AF Safronova, Marianna
Kozlov, Mikhail
Clark, Charles W.
GP IEEE
TI Precision Calculation of Blackbody Radiation Shifts for Metrology at the
18(th) Decimal Place
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
AB We present a new approach for accurate calculation of atomic polarizabilities, apply it to evaluate BBR shifts in optical clock transitions in Al+, B+ and In+, and find uncertainties below 10(-18) in some cases.
C1 [Safronova, Marianna] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
[Kozlov, Mikhail] PNPI, Gatchina, Russia.
[Clark, Charles W.] Univ Maryland, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
RP Safronova, M (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
EM msafrono@udel.edu
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 1
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612400069
ER
PT S
AU Song, DH
Lou, CB
Malkova, N
Ye, ZY
Hu, Y
Xu, JJ
Chen, ZG
AF Song, Daohong
Lou, Cibo
Malkova, N.
Ye, Zhuoyi
Hu, Yi
Xu, Jingjun
Chen, Zhigang
GP IEEE
TI Light localization and Shockley surface states in honeycomb photonic
lattices
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
AB We demonstrate an induction technique to generate honeycomb photonic lattices with equal and unequal sites in each unit-cell. We show light localization as nonlinear solitons and linear Shockley surface states in lattices with unequal sites. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America
C1 [Song, Daohong; Lou, Cibo; Ye, Zhuoyi; Hu, Yi; Xu, Jingjun; Chen, Zhigang] Nankai Univ, Key Lab Weak Light Nonlinear Photon, Minist Educ, Tianjin 300457, Peoples R China.
[Song, Daohong; Lou, Cibo; Ye, Zhuoyi; Hu, Yi; Xu, Jingjun; Chen, Zhigang] Nankai Univ, TEDA Appl Phys Sch, Tianjin 300457, Peoples R China.
[Malkova, N.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Malkova, N.] Univ Maryland, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Chen, Zhigang] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA.
RP Song, DH (reprint author), Nankai Univ, Key Lab Weak Light Nonlinear Photon, Minist Educ, Tianjin 300457, Peoples R China.
FU 973 Program; 111project; NSFC; PCSIRT; NSF; AFOSR
FX This work was supported by the 973 Program, 111project, NSFC, PCSIRT,
NSF and AFOSR.
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612403309
ER
PT S
AU Song, QH
Ge, L
Wiersig, J
Solomon, GS
Stone, AD
Cao, H
AF Song, Qinghai
Ge, Li
Wiersig, Jan
Solomon, Glenn S.
Stone, A. Douglas
Cao, Hui
GP IEEE
TI The Smallest Deformed Disk with Unidirectional Output
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
AB We demonstrate the smallest deformed microdisk laser with unidirectional output. The radius of disk over emission wavelength is as small as 0.7.
C1 [Song, Qinghai] Harbin Inst Technol, Inst Optoelect, Natl Key Lab Tunable Laser Technol, Harbin 150080, Peoples R China.
[Song, Qinghai; Ge, Li; Stone, A. Douglas; Cao, Hui] Yale Univ, Dept Appl Sci, New Haven, CT 47906 USA.
[Wiersig, Jan] Univ Magdeburg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-39016 Magdeburg, Germany.
[Solomon, Glenn S.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Song, QH (reprint author), Harbin Inst Technol, Inst Optoelect, Natl Key Lab Tunable Laser Technol, Harbin 150080, Peoples R China.
EM qinghai.song@gmail.com
RI Song, Qinghai/C-2197-2014
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612401124
ER
PT S
AU Srinivasan, K
Miao, HX
Rakher, MT
Davanco, M
Aksyuk, V
AF Srinivasan, Kartik
Miao, Houxun
Rakher, Matthew T.
Davanco, Marcelo
Aksyuk, Vladimir
GP IEEE
TI Cavity optomechanical sensors for atomic force microscopy
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
AB We develop a silicon cavity optomechanical sensor for atomic force microscopy through near-field coupling between a nanocantilever and microdisk cavity. The device exhibits sub-fm/root Hz displacement sensitivity, GHz bandwidth, and >60 dB of dynamic range. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America
C1 [Srinivasan, Kartik; Miao, Houxun; Rakher, Matthew T.; Davanco, Marcelo; Aksyuk, Vladimir] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Srinivasan, K (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM kartik.srinivasan@nist.gov
RI Rakher, Matthew/C-2287-2011
OI Rakher, Matthew/0000-0002-4490-4197
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612401338
ER
PT S
AU Stevens, MJ
Glancy, S
Nam, SW
Mirin, RP
AF Stevens, Martin J.
Glancy, Scott
Nam, Sae Woo
Mirin, Richard P.
GP IEEE
TI Third-Order Antibunching from an Imperfect Single-Photon Source
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
AB We measure second- and third-order coherences of an imperfect single-photon source. The magnitude of third-order antibunching indicates that imperfect second- order antibunching results from background emission with Poissonian photon number statistics. Work of the United States government, not subject to U.S. copyright.
C1 [Stevens, Martin J.; Glancy, Scott; Nam, Sae Woo; Mirin, Richard P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Stevens, MJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM marty@nist.gov
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612403375
ER
PT S
AU Swann, WC
Baumann, E
Giorgetta, FR
Newbury, NR
AF Swann, W. C.
Baumann, E.
Giorgetta, F. R.
Newbury, N. R.
GP IEEE
TI Microwave generation with low residual phase noise from a femtosecond
fiber laser with an intracavity EOM
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
ID FREQUENCY COMB; SIGNALS
AB A femtosecond fiber laser with an intracavity electro-optic modulator is phase-locked to a high-finesse cavity through two cw transfer lasers. The residual phase noise at the 300 MHz harmonic is -126 dBc/Hz at 1 Hz.
C1 [Swann, W. C.; Baumann, E.; Giorgetta, F. R.; Newbury, N. R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Swann, WC (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM swann@boulder.nist.gov
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612400073
ER
PT S
AU Taylor, JA
Fortier, TM
Kirchner, MS
Quinlan, F
Lemke, N
Ludlow, A
Jiang, Y
Oates, CW
Diddams, SA
AF Taylor, J. A.
Fortier, T. M.
Kirchner, M. S.
Quinlan, F.
Lemke, N.
Ludlow, A.
Jiang, Y.
Oates, C. W.
Diddams, S. A.
GP IEEE
TI Ultra-Low Phase Noise Microwaves from Optical References
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
ID FREQUENCY; LASER; GHZ; SIGNALS
AB We show a photonic oscillator providing 10 GHz microwaves having L(f)=-104 dBc/Hz at 1 Hz offset and fractional instability <= 8x10(-16) at 1 s. These values are verified by operation and comparison of two independent systems.
C1 [Taylor, J. A.; Fortier, T. M.; Kirchner, M. S.; Quinlan, F.; Lemke, N.; Ludlow, A.; Jiang, Y.; Oates, C. W.; Diddams, S. A.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Taylor, JA (reprint author), NIST, 325 S Broadway, Boulder, CO USA.
EM Jennifer.taylor@nist.gov; scott.diddams@nist.gov
RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013; Lemke, Nathan/L-9059-2013
OI Lemke, Nathan/0000-0003-4165-0715
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612400072
ER
PT S
AU Townsend, E
Bryant, GW
AF Townsend, Emily
Bryant, Garnett W.
GP IEEE
TI Plasmonic Properties of Metallic Nanoparticles: The Effects of Size
Quantization
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
AB We examine the quantum mechanics of plasmons in metallic nanoparticle systems using time-dependent density functional theory. We identify "quantum core plasmons" and "classical surface plasmons". (C) 2010 Optical Society of America
C1 [Townsend, Emily; Bryant, Garnett W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Townsend, E (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM ETownsend@eml.cc; Garnett.Bryant@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612403364
ER
PT S
AU Vitek, DN
Block, E
Bellouard, Y
Adams, DE
Backus, S
Kleinfeld, D
Durfee, C
Squier, JA
AF Vitek, Dawn N.
Block, Erica
Bellouard, Yves
Adams, Daniel E.
Backus, Sterling
Kleinfeld, David
Durfee, Charles
Squier, Jeffrey A.
GP IEEE
TI Spatio-temporally Focused Femtosecond Laser Pulses for Anisotropic
Writing in Optically Transparent Materials
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
ID GLASS
AB Simultaneous spatial and temporal focusing provides precise control of the pulse front tilt necessary for anisotropic writing and maintains this behavior over a large range of focal positions and at low numerical aperture and fluence. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America
C1 [Vitek, Dawn N.; Block, Erica; Durfee, Charles; Squier, Jeffrey A.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Ctr Microintegrated Opt Adv Bioimaging & Control, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[Bellouard, Yves] Eindhoven Univ Technol, Dept Engn Mech, Eindhoven, Netherlands.
[Adams, Daniel E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Adams, Daniel E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Adams, Daniel E.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Backus, Sterling] Kapteyn Murnane Lab Inc, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
[Kleinfeld, David] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
RP Vitek, DN (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Ctr Microintegrated Opt Adv Bioimaging & Control, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
EM jsquier@mines.edu
RI Backus, Sterling/C-2506-2008
FU AFOSR [FA9550-07-10026, FA9550-10-C-0017]; NIH [EB003832]
FX We thank Mariana Potcoava for her assistance with imaging. We gratefully
acknowledge support for this work from the AFOSR grants FA9550-07-10026
and FA9550-10-C-0017 and the NIH EB003832.
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612402208
ER
PT S
AU Wahlstrand, JK
Cundiff, ST
Sipe, JE
AF Wahlstrand, J. K.
Cundiff, S. T.
Sipe, J. E.
GP IEEE
TI Calculations of the two-photon Franz-Keldysh effect and field-induced
quantum interference control in GaAs
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
AB The two-photon Franz-Keldysh effect in bulk GaAs is calculated using a 14-band model for the band structure. Strong effects are predicted for both two-photon absorption and quantum interference control of carrier injection. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America
C1 [Wahlstrand, J. K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Wahlstrand, J. K.; Cundiff, S. T.; Sipe, J. E.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Wahlstrand, J. K.; Cundiff, S. T.; Sipe, J. E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Wahlstrand, JK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM wahlstrj@umd.edu
RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009
OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612402334
ER
PT S
AU Waks, E
Sridharan, D
Bose, R
Kim, H
Solomon, GS
AF Waks, E.
Sridharan, D.
Bose, R.
Kim, H.
Solomon, G. S.
GP IEEE
TI Nonlinear optics near the single photon level with quantum dots
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
ID CRYSTAL NANOCAVITY
AB We describe our work on engineering nonlinear optical devices using quantum dots coupled to optical resonators. These systems enable large optical Stark shifts and all optical switching with only a few photons.
C1 [Waks, E.; Sridharan, D.; Bose, R.; Kim, H.; Solomon, G. S.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Waks, E.; Sridharan, D.; Bose, R.; Kim, H.; Solomon, G. S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Waks, E (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM edowaks@umd.edu
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612403389
ER
PT S
AU Wang, CY
Herr, T
Del'Haye, P
Schliesser, A
Holzwarth, R
Hansch, TW
Picque, N
Kippenberg, TJ
AF Wang, C. Y.
Herr, T.
Del'Haye, P.
Schliesser, A.
Holzwarth, R.
Haensch, T. W.
Picque, N.
Kippenberg, T. J.
GP IEEE
TI Mid-Infrared Frequency Combs Based on Microresonators
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
ID MICROCAVITIES
AB We present for the first time mid-infrared frequency comb generation from micro-resonators. Combs spanning over more than 10 THz around the 2.5 mu m-wavelength CW-pump are generated in crystalline MgF2 whispering-gallery mode resonators via four-wave-mixing.
C1 [Wang, C. Y.; Del'Haye, P.; Schliesser, A.; Holzwarth, R.; Haensch, T. W.; Picque, N.; Kippenberg, T. J.] Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
[Holzwarth, R.] Menlo Syst GmbH, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany.
[Haensch, T. W.; Picque, N.] Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchenht, Fakultat Phys, D-80799 Munich, Germany.
[Picque, N.] Univ Paris Sud, Inst Sci Mole Orsay, CNRS, Van Nuys, CA 91405 USA.
[Del'Haye, P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Wang, CY (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
EM nathalie.picque@mpq.mpg.de; tobias.kippenberg@epfl.ch
RI Kippenberg, Tobias/B-3133-2013; Del'Haye, Pascal/G-2588-2016
OI Del'Haye, Pascal/0000-0002-6517-6942
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 8
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612403213
ER
PT S
AU Ycas, G
Diddams, S
Quinlan, F
Osterman, S
Bender, C
Mahadevan, S
Ramsey, L
Redman, S
Terrien, R
AF Ycas, G.
Diddams, S.
Quinlan, F.
Osterman, S.
Bender, C.
Mahadevan, Suvrath
Ramsey, L.
Redman, S.
Terrien, R.
GP IEEE
TI Calibration of an Astronomical Spectrograph using a 25 GHz Laser
Frequency Comb
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
ID PRECISION
AB A 25 GHz frequency comb for calibration of astronomical spectrographs in the 1.4-1.65 mu m region is demonstrated with the R=50,000 lambda/Delta lambda Pathfinder spectrograph at the Hobby-Eberly telescope.
C1 [Ycas, G.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Ycas, G.; Diddams, S.; Quinlan, F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA.
[Osterman, S.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Bender, C.; Mahadevan, Suvrath; Ramsey, L.; Redman, S.; Terrien, R.] Penn State, Dept Astron & Astrophys, State Coll, PA 16801 USA.
RP Ycas, G (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM ycasg@colorado.edu
RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612402217
ER
PT S
AU Zhang, HP
Wahlstrand, JK
Choi, S
Cundiff, ST
AF Zhang, Haipeng
Wahlstrand, Jared K.
Choi, SooBong
Cundiff, Steven T.
GP IEEE
TI Efficient Photoconductive Terahertz Generation Using a Radio Frequency
Bias
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
AB An efficient photoconductive THz source is described that uses a rapidly oscillating, high voltage bias across electrodes insulated from the GaAs sample. The resulting uniform field enables excitation with a large laser spot. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America
C1 [Zhang, Haipeng; Wahlstrand, Jared K.; Choi, SooBong; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Zhang, HP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM Haipeng.Zhang@.colorado.edu
RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009
OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612401155
ER
PT S
AU Zolot, AM
Coddington, I
Giorgetta, FR
Baumann, E
Swann, WC
Nicholson, JW
Newbury, NR
AF Zolot, A. M.
Coddington, I.
Giorgetta, F. R.
Baumann, E.
Swann, W. C.
Nicholson, J. W.
Newbury, N. R.
GP IEEE
TI High Accuracy Molecular Spectroscopy with Combs Broadened From 1.35 to
1.7 mu m
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
ID METHANE; RANGE
AB A coherent dual comb spectrometer spanning over 45 THz in the NIR was constructed from broadened erbium fiber lasers. Gas phase water, methane, and acetylene spectra were measured and characterized toward establishing absolute frequency references. Work of the U. S. government, not subject to copyright.
C1 [Zolot, A. M.; Coddington, I.; Giorgetta, F. R.; Baumann, E.; Swann, W. C.; Newbury, N. R.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Nicholson, J. W.] OFS Lab, Somerset, NJ 08873 USA.
RP Zolot, AM (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM Alex.Zolot@nist.gov
RI Zolot, Alexander/C-7450-2013
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612401345
ER
PT S
AU Ge, Y
Yan, B
Sun, KR
Gharavi, H
AF Ge, Yi
Yan, Bo
Sun, Kairan
Gharavi, Hamid
GP IEEE
TI Selective Pixel Interpolation for Spatial Error Concealment
SO 2011 IEEE 13TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON MULTIMEDIA SIGNAL PROCESSING
(MMSP)
SE IEEE International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 13th IEEE International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing (MMSP)
CY OCT 17-19, 2011
CL Hangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, IEEE Signal Process Soc, Beijing Baidu Netcom Sci Technol Co Ltd, Microsoft Res, Mitsubishi Elect Res Labs, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China (NSFC)
DE spatial error concealment; edge detection; partitioning interpolation
ID RECOVERY; BLOCKS
AB This paper proposes an effective algorithm for spatial error concealment with accurate edge detection and partitioning interpolation. Firstly, a new method is used for detecting possible edge pixels and their matching pixels around the lost block. Then, the true edge lines can be determined, with which the lost block is partitioned. Finally, based on the partition result, each lost pixel can be interpolated with correct reference pixels, which are in the same region with the lost pixel. Experimental results show that the proposed spatial error concealment method is obviously superior to the previous methods for different sequences by up to 4.04 dB.
C1 [Ge, Yi; Yan, Bo; Sun, Kairan] Fudan Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China.
[Gharavi, Hamid] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Ge, Y (reprint author), Fudan Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China.
RI Yan, Bo/B-2502-2012
FU NSFC [61073067]
FX This work is supported by NSFC (Grant No.: 61073067).
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2163-3517
BN 978-1-4577-1434-4
J9 IEEE INT WORKSH MULT
PY 2011
PG 4
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BXZ89
UT WOS:000297733200059
ER
PT S
AU Wang, J
Huang, BM
Huang, A
Goldberg, MD
AF Wang, Jun
Huang, Bormin
Huang, Allen
Goldberg, Mitchell D.
GP IEEE
TI Parallel Computation of the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) WDM5
Cloud Microphysics on a Many-Core GPU
SO 2011 IEEE 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED
SYSTEMS (ICPADS)
SE International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems -
Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 17th IEEE International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems
(ICPADS)
CY DEC 07-09, 2011
CL Tainan, TAIWAN
SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Natl Sci Council, Minist Educ, Acad Sinica, Natl Ctr High Performance Comp, Inst Informat Ind, Ind Tech Res Inst, Taiwan Assoc Cloud Comp, Comp Soc Republ China, Intel Corp, Tainan City Govt, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP)
DE WRF; WDM5 microphysics scheme; GPU; CUDA
AB The Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) Double Moment 5-class (WDM5) mixed ice microphysics scheme predicts mixing ratio of hydrometeors and their number concentrations for warm rain species including clouds and rain. WDM5 can be computed in parallel in the horizontal domain using a many-core GPU. In order to obtain better GPU performance, we manually rewrote the original WDM5 Fortran module into a highly parallel CUDA C program. The GPU-based implementation of WDM5 microphysics scheme on 1 GTX590 GPU achieves a significant speedup of 147x over its CPU-based single-threaded counterpart when we use asynchronous data transfer and non-coalesced memory access. More importantly, the speedup excluding the host-device data transfer time is 206x when using coalesced memory access. Since the WDM5 microphysics scheme is only an intermediate module of the entire WRF model, its input data should be already available in the GPU global memory from previous modules and its output data should reside at the GPU global memory for later usage by other modules.
C1 [Wang, Jun; Huang, Bormin; Huang, Allen] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Goldberg, Mitchell D.] NOAA, NEDIS, Ctr Satellite Appl & Res, Silver Spring, MD USA.
RP Wang, J (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM jwang@ssec.wisc.edu; bormin@ssec.wisc.edu; allenh@ssec.wisc.edu;
Mitch.Goldberg@noaa.gov
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA10NES4400013]
FX This research is supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) under Grant No. NA10NES4400013.
NR 14
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1521-9097
BN 978-0-7695-4576-9
J9 INT C PAR DISTRIB SY
PY 2011
BP 1032
EP 1037
DI 10.1109/ICPADS.2011.160
PG 6
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BYN02
UT WOS:000299395900148
ER
PT S
AU Das, MK
Capell, C
Grider, DE
Raju, R
Schutten, M
Nasadoski, J
Leslie, S
Ostop, J
Hefner, A
AF Das, Mrinal K.
Capell, Craig
Grider, David E.
Raju, Ravi
Schutten, Michael
Nasadoski, Jeffrey
Leslie, Scott
Ostop, John
Hefner, Allen
GP IEEE
TI 10 kV, 120 A SiC Half H-Bridge Power MOSFET Modules Suitable for High
Frequency, Medium Voltage Applications
SO 2011 IEEE ENERGY CONVERSION CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION (ECCE)
SE IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)
CY SEP 17-22, 2011
CL Phoenix, AZ
SP IEEE, IEEE Power Elect Soc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc
AB The majority carrier domain of power semiconductor devices has been extended to 10 kV with the advent of SiC MOSFETs and Schottky diodes. The devices exhibit excellent static and dynamic properties with encouraging preliminary reliability. Twenty-four MOSFETs and twelve Schottky diodes have been assembled in a 10 kV half H-bridge power module to increase the current handling capability to 120 A per switch without compromising the die-level characteristics. For the first time, a custom designed system (13.8 kV to 465/root 3 V solid state power substation) has been successfully demonstrated with these state of the art SiC modules up to 855 kVA operation and 97% efficiency. Soft-switching at 20 kHz, the SiC enabled SSPS represents a 70% reduction in weight and 50% reduction in size when compared to a 60 Hz conventional, analog transformer.
C1 [Das, Mrinal K.; Capell, Craig; Grider, David E.] Cree Inc, Power R&D, Adv Devices, Durham 27703, NC USA.
[Raju, Ravi; Schutten, Michael; Nasadoski, Jeffrey] GE Global Res, Power Elect Lab, Niskayuna 12309, NY USA.
[Leslie, Scott; Ostop, John] Custom Module Design Powerex Inc, Youngwood 15697, PA USA.
[Hefner, Allen] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg 20899, MD USA.
RP Das, MK (reprint author), Cree Inc, Power R&D, Adv Devices, Durham 27703, NC USA.
EM mrinal_das@cree.com; raju@research.ge.com; sleslie@pwrx.com;
allen.hefner@nist.gov
FU DARPA [N00014-05-C-0202]
FX This work was supported by DARPA contract # N00014-05-C-0202, monitored
by Sharon Beerman-Curtin and Terry Ericsen.
NR 3
TC 44
Z9 44
U1 0
U2 6
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2329-3721
BN 978-1-4577-0541-0
J9 IEEE ENER CONV
PY 2011
BP 2689
EP 2692
PG 4
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA BXX82
UT WOS:000297545903036
ER
PT S
AU Hunt, FY
Marbukh, V
Wang, Y
AF Hunt, Fern Y.
Marbukh, Vladimir
Wang, Yi
GP IEEE
TI A Mathematical Model of Joint Congestion Control and Routing in
Multisource Networks
SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL APPLICATIONS (CCA)
SE IEEE International Conference on Control Applications
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE International Conference on Control Applications (CCA)
CY SEP 28-30, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP IEEE, IEEE Control Syst Soc
AB In this paper we study a model of joint congestion control and routing in a ring network of sources with a single destination at the center (Figure 2). A utility maximization problem subject to routing constraints is posed and equations for its solution are presented. The distribution of traffic on routes available to a source is subject to an entropy constraint that controls the path diversity or degree of robustness of the allocation. Thus the utility/stability issue can be addressed directly and quantitatively in a way that differs from previous work on multiroute NUM problems.
The dynamics of the model equations will be analyzed in the case of a constant route allocation defined by the allocation distribution entropy for a source. Motivated by earlier work on a two link network, the dynamics of the mean route costs for each source in the ring network are studied by deriving a continuous time approximation of the equations they satisfy. The equilibrium solutions of this approximation are used to greatly simplify the analysis of the model equations and the solution of the original optimization problem. We conclude with a discussion of the tradeoff between utility and path diversity (robustness) for two contrasting assignment of link capacities. Given a homogeneous assignment of capacities the network behaves like a two link model (Fig 1), while a heterogeneous assignment produces utilities displaying different tradeoffs for different sources.
C1 [Hunt, Fern Y.; Marbukh, Vladimir] NIST, Appl Math & Computat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Wang, Yi] Univ Minnesota, Dept Math, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
RP Hunt, FY (reprint author), NIST, Appl Math & Computat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM fern.hunt@nist.gov; vladimir.marbukh@nist.gov
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1085-1992
BN 978-1-4577-1063-6
J9 IEEE INTL CONF CONTR
PY 2011
BP 1131
EP 1138
PG 8
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering
GA BXV14
UT WOS:000297216500125
ER
PT S
AU Mahboubi, H
Masoudimansour, W
Aghdam, AG
Sayrafian-Pour, K
AF Mahboubi, Hamid
Masoudimansour, Walid
Aghdam, Amir G.
Sayrafian-Pour, Kamran
GP IEEE
TI Cost-Efficient Routing with Controlled Node Mobility in Sensor Networks
SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL APPLICATIONS (CCA)
SE IEEE International Conference on Control Applications
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE International Conference on Control Applications (CCA)
CY SEP 28-30, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP IEEE, IEEE Control Syst Soc
AB In this paper, an energy-efficient strategy is proposed for tracking a moving target in a mobile sensor network. The energy expenditure of the sensors in the network is assumed to be due to communication, sensing and movement. First, the target area is divided into a grid of sufficiently small rectangular cells in order to search for near optimal locations for the sensors in different time instants. The grid is then converted to a graph with properly weighted edges. A shortest-path algorithm is subsequently used to route information from target to destination by a subset of sensors.
C1 [Mahboubi, Hamid; Masoudimansour, Walid; Aghdam, Amir G.] Concordia Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1455 Maisonneuve Blvd W,EV005-139, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada.
[Sayrafian-Pour, Kamran] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Mahboubi, H (reprint author), Concordia Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1455 Maisonneuve Blvd W,EV005-139, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada.
EM h_mahbo@ece.concordia.ca; w_masou@ece.concordia.ca;
aghdam@ece.concordia.ca; ksayrafian@nist.gov
FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) [70NANB8H8146]
FX This work has been supported by the National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST), under grant 70NANB8H8146.
NR 15
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1085-1992
BN 978-1-4577-1063-6
J9 IEEE INTL CONF CONTR
PY 2011
BP 1238
EP 1243
PG 6
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering
GA BXV14
UT WOS:000297216500137
ER
PT S
AU Mahboubi, H
Moezzi, K
Aghdam, AG
Sayrafian-Pour, K
Marbukh, V
AF Mahboubi, Hamid
Moezzi, Kaveh
Aghdam, Amir G.
Sayrafian-Pour, Kamran
Marbukh, Vladimir
GP IEEE
TI Distributed Deployment Algorithms for Improved Coverage in Mobile Sensor
Networks
SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL APPLICATIONS (CCA)
SE IEEE International Conference on Control Applications
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE International Conference on Control Applications (CCA)
CY SEP 28-30, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP IEEE, IEEE Control Syst Soc
AB In this paper, sensor deployment strategies are studied for effective coverage in wireless sensor networks. In the proposed algorithms, each sensor discovers the coverage holes within its Voronoi polygons, and then moves in a proper direction to minimize them. Novel edge-based and vertex-based strategies are proposed for efficient sensor deployment, and their features are compared with existing techniques. The algorithms proposed in this paper consider the distances of each sensor and the points inside its corresponding Voronoi polygon from the edges or vertices of the polygon. It is shown that the methods introduced in this work outperform existing strategies. Simulations confirm the effectiveness of the proposed deployment algorithms, and their superiority over the techniques reported in the literature.
C1 [Mahboubi, Hamid; Moezzi, Kaveh; Aghdam, Amir G.] Concordia Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1455 Maisonneuve Blvd W,EV005-139, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada.
[Sayrafian-Pour, Kamran; Marbukh, Vladimir] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Mahboubi, H (reprint author), Concordia Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1455 Maisonneuve Blvd W,EV005-139, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada.
EM h_mahbo@ece.concordia.ca; k_moezz@ece.concordia.ca;
aghdam@ece.concordia.ca; ksayrafian@nist.gov; marbukh@nist.gov
FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) [70NANB8H8146]
FX This work has been supported by the National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST), under grant 70NANB8H8146.
NR 19
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1085-1992
BN 978-1-4577-1063-6
J9 IEEE INTL CONF CONTR
PY 2011
BP 1244
EP 1249
PG 6
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering
GA BXV14
UT WOS:000297216500138
ER
PT S
AU Wason, JD
Wen, JT
Dagalakis, NG
AF Wason, John D.
Wen, John T.
Dagalakis, Nicholas G.
GP IEEE
TI Dextrous Manipulation of a Micropart with Multiple Compliant Probes
through Visual Force Feedback
SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA)
SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)
CY MAY 09-13, 2011
CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc, Minist Educ China, Minist Sci & Technol China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Sci & Technol Commiss Shanghai Municipal, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, State Key Lab Mech Syst & Vibrat, Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Digital Mfg Equipment & Technol, Harbin Inst Technol, State Key Lab Robot & Syst, Zhejiang Univ, Inst Cyber-Syst & Control, Chinese Acad Sci, Shenyang Inst Automat, Beihang Univ, Robotics Inst, Beijing Res Inst Automat Machinery Ind, Tianjin Univ, Sch Mech Engn, ABB, YASKAWA Elect, KUKA, Willow Garage, Googol Tech., Adept Mobile Robots, Harbin Boshi Automat, Natl Instruments, Beijing Universal Pioneering Technol, Real-Time Control & Instrumentat Lab, GE Global Res, ALDEBARAN Robot, Int Federat Robot (IFR), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ
AB In our recent work, we have demonstrated effectiveness of the concept of multi-probe microassembly for manipulating and inserting microscale, sub-millimeter, parts to create three-dimensional microstructures. However, the approach has been based on trial-and-error manual teaching of grasp points to ensure a stable grasp during motion. As a result, the part orientation is restricted (nearly aligned with the world reference frame and lying flat) to ensure successful grasping and manipulation. In this paper, we developed a kinematics based hybrid motion and force control based only on vision feedback. We first conduct a systematic analysis of the bending of the probes while they are in contact with the part, to estimate the grasp force based on the vision feedback of the probe configuration. A Jacobian based controller is then used for position manipulation while maintaining the desired squeeze force. Experimental results with two probes and two camera are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the controller to move the part to specified position and orientation while maintaining sufficient squeeze force to prevent part slippage.
C1 [Wason, John D.; Wen, John T.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Ctr Automat Technol & Syst, Troy, NY 12180 USA.
[Dagalakis, Nicholas G.] NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Wason, JD (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Ctr Automat Technol & Syst, Troy, NY 12180 USA.
EM wasonj@rpi.edu; wenj@rpi.edu; nicholas.dagalakis@nist.gov
FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) under the Small
Grant program and the Center for Automation Technologies and Systems
(CATS) under a block grant from the New York State Office of Science,
Technology, and Academic Research (NYSTAR).
FX This work is supported in part by the National Institute of Standards
and Technology (NIST) under the Small Grant program and the Center for
Automation Technologies and Systems (CATS) under a block grant from the
New York State Office of Science, Technology, and Academic Research
(NYSTAR).
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1050-4729
BN 978-1-61284-385-8
J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT
PY 2011
PG 6
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic;
Robotics
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics
GA BGW51
UT WOS:000324383405037
ER
PT S
AU Souryal, MR
Golmie, N
AF Souryal, Michael R.
Golmie, Nada
GP IEEE
TI Analysis of Advanced Metering over a Wide Area Cellular Network
SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SMART GRID COMMUNICATIONS
(SMARTGRIDCOMM)
SE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications
(SmartGridComm)
CY OCT 17-20, 2011
CL Brussels, BELGIUM
SP IEEE
AB This paper presents a framework for analysis of the coverage and capacity of advanced metering over a wide area cellular network. The coverage analysis predicts the maximum cell size subject to an outage criterion, and the capacity analysis predicts the maximum rate at which a smart meter can send and receive messages over the wide area portion of the network. The framework permits quantification of the tradeoff between coverage and capacity, as well as the impact of variables associated with the radio frequency environment, system configuration, and network utilization. The framework is illustrated through an example analysis of Long Term Evolution, a pre-fourth-generation cellular technology. Results suggest that the network is coverage-limited rather than capacity-limited for the meter reading use case, and it quantifies the excess capacity available for other uses and/or other entities sharing the network.
C1 [Souryal, Michael R.; Golmie, Nada] NIST, Emerging & Mobile Network Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Souryal, MR (reprint author), NIST, Emerging & Mobile Network Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2373-6836
BN 978-1-4577-1702-4
J9 INT CONF SMART GRID
PY 2011
PG 6
WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory &
Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications
GA BJT38
UT WOS:000330170100018
ER
PT S
AU Guo, WQ
Healy, WM
Zhou, MC
AF Guo, Wenqi (Wendy)
Healy, William M.
Zhou, MengChu
GP IEEE
TI Interference Impacts on ZigBee-based Wireless Mesh Networks for Building
Automation and Control
SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS
(SMC)
SE IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics Conference
Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC)
CY OCT 09-12, 2011
CL Anchorage, AK
SP IEEE, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc (IEEE SMC), IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc (CAS), IEEE Engn, Med & Biol Soc (EMB)
DE ZigBee; Wireless mesh networks; Interference; Building automation and
control systems
AB ZigBee-Wireless Mesh Networks (ZigBee-WMNs) are recognized as a cost-effective and flexible solution for building automation and control systems (BACs). They have the potential to unify the methods of data communication for sensors, actuators, appliances, and asset-tracking devices in BACs. They offer a means to build a reliable but affordable network backbone to facilitate building control. ZigBee operates primarily in the license-free 2.4 GHz ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) band. This feature makes the technology easily applicable, but also potentially vulnerable to interference by other electronic systems working in the same band such as WLAN-systems of IEEE 802.11 and microwave ovens. This paper reports the experimental results to quantify the impact of different interferers on ZigBee-WMNs. They show that, among different interferers, interference from microwave oven is indeed a major problem. In particular, it results in bigger drop rate and retrial rate compared to the impact of WiFi on WMN. It is expected that the results can provide a quantitative basis for designing reliable ZigBee-WMNs.
C1 [Guo, Wenqi (Wendy); Zhou, MengChu] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, NJ 07102 USA.
[Healy, William M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Building Environm Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Guo, WQ (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, NJ 07102 USA.
EM wg9@njit.edu; william.healy@nist.gov; zhou@njit.edu
NR 20
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1062-922X
BN 978-1-4577-0653-0
J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN
PY 2011
BP 3452
EP 3457
PG 6
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science,
Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems
SC Computer Science
GA BYG71
UT WOS:000298615103121
ER
PT S
AU Peng, G
Zhang, HM
Frank, HP
Bidlot, JR
Higaki, M
Hankins, W
AF Peng, G.
Zhang, H. -M.
Frank, H. P.
Bidlot, J. -R.
Higaki, M.
Hankins, W.
GP IEEE
TI A COMPARISON OF VARIOUS EQUATORIAL PACIFIC SURFACE WIND PRODUCTS
SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS)
SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)
CY JUL 24-29, 2011
CL Vancouver, CANADA
SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc (IEEE GRSS)
DE Winds; Statistical analysis; Model verification and validation; Remote
sensing; Reanalysis
AB Daily 2009 surface winds from five model, remotely-sensed, and reanalysis wind products are compared with measurements from three fixed mooring buoys located in the west equatorial Pacific (0 degrees N, 165 degrees E), the central equatorial Pacific (0 degrees N, 170 degrees W), and the eastern-central equatorial Pacific Ocean (0 degrees N, 140 degrees W). The cross-correlation coefficients between these five wind products and the buoy winds are all statistically significant at the 95% confidence level, ranging from 0.77 to 0.97 for the zonal winds and 0.45 to 0.93 for the meridional winds. However, a systematic positive/negative bias was found in wind directions in all wind products at the central/eastern central Pacific Ocean, which could have an impact on local wind stress curl field in the region.
C1 [Peng, G.; Hankins, W.] STG Inc, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
[Peng, G.; Zhang, H. -M.; Hankins, W.] NOAA, NESDIS, NCDC, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
[Frank, H. P.] DWD, Offenbach, Germany.
[Bidlot, J. -R.] ECMWF, Reading, Berks, England.
[Higaki, M.] JMA, Tokyo, Japan.
RP Peng, G (reprint author), STG Inc, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
FU JMA; NCEP/CFSR
FX The work was carried out at RSAD/NCDC. We thank ECMWF, DWD, and JMA for
providing their model data sets and the NCDC NOMADS team for the
NCEP/CFSR data. We thank Richard Reynolds, James Kossin, Ken Knapp, Tom
Peterson, and Detlev Majewski for beneficial discussions and comments.
NR 8
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2153-6996
BN 978-1-4577-1005-6
J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE
PY 2011
BP 2049
EP 2052
DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2011.6049534
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary;
Remote Sensing
SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing
GA BXX72
UT WOS:000297496302017
ER
PT S
AU Niu, J
Back, TC
Kondragunta, S
Flynn, LE
Beach, E
AF Niu, Jianguo
Back, Trevor C.
Kondragunta, Shobha
Flynn, Lawrence E.
Beach, Eric
GP IEEE
TI COMPUTING DIFFERENTIAL AIR MASS FACTOR LOOKUP TABLES USING DISORT
RADIATIVE TRANSFER MODEL
SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS)
SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)
CY JUL 24-29, 2011
CL Vancouver, CANADA
SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc (IEEE GRSS)
DE Trace gas retrieval; air mass factor; radiative transfer; spectroscopy
AB NOAA/NESDIS is implementing its own data processing for MetOP-A/GOME-2 observation. The retrieval method used for Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and Bromine monoxide (BrO) is the heritage EOS/OMI differential optical absorption spectroscopic (DOAS) method. To covert the slant column density (SCD) to the vertical column density (VCD) a differential air mass factor (dAmf) lookup table (LUT) is necessary. For the practical need, a NOAA version dAmf lookup table has been generated using a discrete ordinates radiative transfer model (DISORT). A thorough study of the algorithm, which computes air mass factor, has been conducted. It will be discussed in detail in this presentation. In this work, we first set up a DISORT model to simulate a real measurement, and then compute a six-dimensional table of dAmf for DOAS method. The computed LUT has been investigated and compared to that used in the OMI NO2B algorithm.
C1 [Niu, Jianguo; Beach, Eric] IMSG, 5200 Auth Rd,Camp Springs, Rockville, MD 20746 USA.
[Back, Trevor C.; Kondragunta, Shobha; Flynn, Lawrence E.] NOAA, NESDIS, Silver Spring, MD 20746 USA.
RP Niu, J (reprint author), IMSG, 5200 Auth Rd,Camp Springs, Rockville, MD 20746 USA.
RI Flynn, Lawrence/B-6321-2009; Beach, Eric/F-5576-2010; Kondragunta,
Shobha/F-5601-2010
OI Flynn, Lawrence/0000-0001-6856-2614; Kondragunta,
Shobha/0000-0001-8593-8046
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2153-6996
BN 978-1-4577-1005-6
J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE
PY 2011
BP 3277
EP 3280
DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2011.6049919
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary;
Remote Sensing
SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing
GA BXX72
UT WOS:000297496303066
ER
PT S
AU Jaross, G
Kelly, T
Flittner, D
Seftor, C
Buss, R
Flynn, L
AF Jaross, G.
Kelly, T.
Flittner, D.
Seftor, C.
Buss, R.
Flynn, L.
GP IEEE
TI POST-LAUNCH PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF THE OMPS SENSORS ON NAPP
SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS)
SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)
CY JUL 24-29, 2011
CL Vancouver, CANADA
SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc (IEEE GRSS)
DE Earth Observing System; Remote Sensing; Calibration
AB The design of the instruments in the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite is each based on heritage instruments whose products have been validated via long-established techniques. The pre-launch performance characteristics of these instruments is as good or better than those of their predecessors, implying a similar result for OMPS ozone products. Each OMPS instrument, however, has unique design characteristics that have never before been applied to or have seen limited use in flight instruments. These aspects are singled out for special attention during the evaluation phase early in the NPP mission.
C1 [Jaross, G.; Kelly, T.; Seftor, C.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
[Flittner, D.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23666 USA.
[Buss, R.] Raytheon Miss Operat Solut, Waltham, MA 02451 USA.
[Flynn, L.] NOAA NESDIS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Jaross, G (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
RI Flynn, Lawrence/B-6321-2009
OI Flynn, Lawrence/0000-0001-6856-2614
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2153-6996
BN 978-1-4577-1005-6
J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE
PY 2011
BP 3394
EP 3396
DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2011.6049948
PG 3
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary;
Remote Sensing
SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing
GA BXX72
UT WOS:000297496303096
ER
PT S
AU Tamma, VA
Wang, TE
Kuester, EF
Park, W
Holloway, CL
Zhou, J
AF Tamma, Venkata A.
Wang, Tin-Ei
Kuester, Edward F.
Park, Wounjhang
Holloway, Christopher L.
Zhou, Ji
GP IEEE
TI Metamaterial Inspired Electrically Small Patch Antenna
SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (APSURSI)
SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation
(APSURSI)/USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting
CY JUL 03-08, 2011
CL Spokane, WA
SP IEEE, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc (APS), USNC, URSI
DE metamaterials; miniaturized antennas; patch antennas; metamaterial
antennas
ID MAGNETO-DIELECTRICS; MINIATURIZATION
AB We present a circular patch antenna that has been miniaturized by use of a magneto-dielectric substrate composed of an array of barium strontium titanate (BST) cubes embedded in Teflon substrate. The patch diameter was reduced by 4.5 times when compared to a traditional lambda/2 patch antenna radiating at the same frequency but without the magneto-dielectric substrate. Experimental results agree well with simulations and show that if matched well, the antenna can exhibit two peak gains of 7 dB and 2.7 dB at 2.347 GHz and 2.377 GHz respectively. The antenna radiates with an efficiency of 45 % at 2.435 GHz.
C1 [Tamma, Venkata A.; Wang, Tin-Ei; Kuester, Edward F.; Park, Wounjhang] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Holloway, Christopher L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Elect, Boulder, CO USA.
[Zhou, Ji] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
RP Tamma, VA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM won.park@colorado.edu; holloway@boulder.nist.gov; zhouji@tsinghua.edu.cn
FU DARPA Center on NanoscaleScience and Technology for Integrated
Micro/Nano-Electromechanical Transducers (iMINT) - DARPAN/MEMS S&T
Fundamentals Program [N66001- 10-1-4007]
FX The studies conducted by the authors from the University of
ColoradoBoulder are supported by the DARPA Center on NanoscaleScience
and Technology for Integrated Micro/Nano-Electromechanical Transducers
(iMINT) funded by DARPAN/MEMS S&T Fundamentals Program (N66001-
10-1-4007) (Dr. Tayo Akinwande, Program Manager).
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1522-3965
BN 978-1-4244-9561-0
J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP
PY 2011
BP 775
EP 778
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BXV72
UT WOS:000297298500201
ER
PT S
AU Pirkl, RJ
Remley, KA
AF Pirkl, Ryan J.
Remley, Kate A.
GP IEEE
TI Antenna-Environment Multiple Scattering in Reverberation Chamber
Measurements
SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (APSURSI)
SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation
(APSURSI)/USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting
CY JUL 03-08, 2011
CL Spokane, WA
SP IEEE, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc (APS), USNC, URSI
DE antenna-environment interactions; multiple scattering; reverberation
chamber
AB High-resolution synthetic aperture measurements in a reverberation chamber revealed the presence of multiple scattering between the scan antenna and the measurement environment. Casting the scan antenna-environment multiple scattering as an error term with respect to a fictitious non-scattering scan antenna led to a quantitative and measurable lower bound on the scan antenna-environment interactions. Numerical simulations of this lower bound for infinitesimal dipoles in a rectangular cavity indicated that the actual measurement error was likely to be much greater than this lower bound. In this case, antenna-environment multiple scattering effects were found to be non-negligible. Future work will investigate techniques for mitigating this multiple scattering to enable accurate synthetic aperture-based angle-of-arrival measurements in reverberation chambers.
C1 [Pirkl, Ryan J.; Remley, Kate A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Pirkl, RJ (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM ryan.pirkl@nist.gov; kate.remley@nist.gov
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1522-3965
BN 978-1-4244-9561-0
J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP
PY 2011
BP 1650
EP 1653
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BXV72
UT WOS:000297298501203
ER
PT S
AU Lawson, RA
Graham, D
Stalin, S
Meinig, C
Tagawa, D
Lawrence-Slavas, N
Hibbins, R
Ingham, B
AF Lawson, R. A.
Graham, D.
Stalin, S.
Meinig, C.
Tagawa, D.
Lawrence-Slavas, N.
Hibbins, R.
Ingham, B.
GP IEEE
TI From Research to Commercial Operations: The Next Generation
Easy-to-Deploy (ETD) Tsunami Assessment Buoy
SO 2011 IEEE - OCEANS SPAIN
SE OCEANS-IEEE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE OCEANS Conference
CY JUN 06-09, 2011
CL Santander, SPAIN
SP IEEE
AB This paper addresses the transition from research to commercial operations of a next generation tsunami assessment system. Over the last five years, NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) has developed the next-generation Easy-to-Deploy (ETD) Deep-ocean Assessment and Recording of Tsunamis (DART (R)) buoy system. Through a technology transfer and license agreement, Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) produced the first commercial ETD DART (R) system based on the PMEL design. The SAIC ETD DART (R) was deployed northeast of Australia in the Coral Sea on August 27, 2010 and has reported several small tsunami events and the Honshu tsunami since that time. By design, the ETD DART (R) offers significant cost advantages over standard tsunami assessment systems. Current tsunami buoy systems require a large, specialized ship and multiple trained technicians to install. The ETD DART (R) is designed to be deployed by small and fast response vessels such as commercial fishing boats, requires fewer trained personnel and only minutes of deployment time. The ETD consists of a modular self-deploying surface buoy, a single housing bottom pressure recorder (BPR), and a mooring/anchoring system. The SAIC ETD DART has been declared fully operational and is now an important new technology available to support the global tsunami detection network.
C1 [Lawson, R. A.; Graham, D.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, 4025 Hancock St, San Diego, CA 92110 USA.
[Stalin, S.; Meinig, C.; Tagawa, D.; Lawrence-Slavas, N.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Lawson, RA (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, 4025 Hancock St, San Diego, CA 92110 USA.
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 0197-7385
J9 OCEANS-IEEE
PY 2011
PG 8
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic;
Robotics
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics
GA BYN28
UT WOS:000299429000129
ER
PT S
AU Fletcher, JG
Chaluvadi, M
Anand, DM
Amelot, J
Li-Baboud, Y
Moyne, J
AF Fletcher, J. G.
Chaluvadi, M.
Anand, D. M.
Amelot, J.
Li-Baboud, Y.
Moyne, J.
GP IEEE
TI Smart Clocks Have a Hand in the Smart Grid
SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING
SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES)
CY JUL 24-28, 2011
CL Detroit, MI
SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE
DE time synchronization; networked control; model order deduction; data
quality; PTP; NTP; GPS; Smart Grid
AB Clock synchronization is becoming an increasingly important characteristic of modern wide area monitoring and control systems such as the power grid. It provides an opportunity to coordinate control actions and measurement instants across hundreds of miles and numerous network topologies. Devices and networks have advanced to a point where synchronization across a wide area can be achieved within 1 mu s of UTC ( Coordinated Universal Time). Along with these advances in clock synchronization must come a shift in the way analysis is performed. Modeling techniques must incorporate the effects of a clock synchronized device, and control techniques can leverage the knowledge of "time" to achieve unique results. This paper discusses various ways in which clock synchronization affects analysis and performance of the power grid, and presents a few projects related to the technology. Preliminary work has demonstrated the ability of various commercially available devices to provide reliable 1 mu s synchronization of clocks, and large variation across devices in terms of clock performance under transient events.
C1 [Fletcher, J. G.; Chaluvadi, M.; Anand, D. M.; Moyne, J.] Univ Michigan, Engn Res Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Amelot, J.; Li-Baboud, Y.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Fletcher, JG (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Engn Res Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
EM jgfletch@umich.edu; maruthiv@umich.edu; danand@umich.edu;
Julien.Amelot@nist.gov; Ya-Shian.Li-Baboud@nist.gov; moyne@umich.edu
FU National Institute of Standards and Technology
FX We would like to thank the entire team at the Engineering Research
Center for Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems (ERC-RMS) at the
University of Michigan. We would also liketo acknowledge the support we
received from experts at the National Institute of Standards and
Technology. In particular, those who have contributed to the research
presented in this paper.
NR 16
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1944-9925
BN 978-1-4577-1001-8
J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE
PY 2011
PG 6
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA BXX66
UT WOS:000297469606027
ER
PT S
AU Nelson, TL
FitzPatrick, GJ
AF Nelson, T. L.
FitzPatrick, G. J.
GP IEEE
TI NIST Role in the Interoperable Smart Grid
SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING
SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES)
CY JUL 24-28, 2011
CL Detroit, MI
SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE
DE Demand Response; Electric Storage; Cyber Security; Standards
AB The 2007 Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) gave NIST the role of coordinating with industry and government stakeholders the development of an interoperability framework for Smart Grid (SG) devices and systems, including standards and protocols. The goal is to achieve seamless interoperability across the power system from generator to consumer. NIST is in the process of identifying the standards necessary to achieve interoperability.
C1 [Nelson, T. L.; FitzPatrick, G. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Nelson, TL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM thomas.nelson@nist.gov; gerald.fitzpatrick@nist.gov
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1944-9925
BN 978-1-4577-1001-8
J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE
PY 2011
PG 3
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA BXX66
UT WOS:000297469603003
ER
PT J
AU Gharavi, H
Hu, B
AF Gharavi, Hamid
Hu, Bin
GP IEEE
TI Multigate Mesh Routing for Smart Grid Last Mile Communications
SO 2011 IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING CONFERENCE (WCNC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)
CY MAR 28-31, 2011
CL Cancun, MEXICO
SP IEEE
DE Smart Grid; wireless mesh networks; routing protocols; WLAN; IEEE
802.11s
AB One of the most important issues in Smart Grid is to provide consumers with the knowledge of their energy usage, as well as allowing the utility to monitor and control the electric system components with real time status. This would require the design of a network architecture that is capable of providing secure and reliable two-way communication from meters to other Smart Grid domains. While networking technologies and systems have been greatly enhanced, in wireless communication environments the smart grid faces new challenges in terms of reliability. In this paper we are mainly concerned with assessing the performance of wireless mesh networks for the last mile communication. We consider a tree-based mesh routing scheme based on a multigate mesh network architecture. The multigate mesh routing scheme is based on a flexible mesh network architecture that expands on the hybrid tree routing of the IEEE 802.11s. The network is specifically designed to operate in a multi gateway structure in order to meet the smart grid requirements in terms of reliability, self-healing, and throughput performance. To further exploit the multigate network structure, a timer-based multipath routing diversity scheme is proposed in order to enhance the network reliability. The network is then used to measure the performance in terms of throughput and reliability.
C1 [Gharavi, Hamid; Hu, Bin] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Gharavi, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM gharavi@nist.gov; bhu@nist.gov
NR 18
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-61284-254-7
PY 2011
BP 275
EP 280
PG 6
WC Telecommunications
SC Telecommunications
GA BXU66
UT WOS:000297160200047
ER
PT S
AU Howe, DA
Ashby, N
Lirette, D
Hati, A
Nelson, C
AF Howe, D. A.
Ashby, N.
Lirette, D.
Hati, A.
Nelson, C.
GP IEEE
TI Limited Live-time Measurements of Frequency Spectra
SO 2011 JOINT CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL
SYMPOSIUM/EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM PROCEEDINGS
SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 5th Joint Conference of the 65th IEEE International Frequency Control
Symposium/25th European Frequency and Time Forum
CY MAY 01-05, 2011
CL San Francisco, CA
SP IEEE, IEEE UFFC, EFTF
AB Frequency-difference-of-arrival (FDOA) can be used to monitor and track an emitter's location by observing Doppler frequency shifts of the carrier during short pulsed transmissions. This specific application needs to consider two frequency-stability levels: the short tau(on)-average frequency measurements and the sampling time interval between measurements, denoted by tau(s). We show the advantage of using "dynamic" TheoH for tau(on) frequency measurements. Between tau(on) transmissions while powered off, the emitter's reference-oscillator frequency will change due to power-start thermal variations, vibration, stress, and other frequency disturbances. If we regard long-term frequency instability as an uncertainty on an oscillator's expected or designated frequency, then the dominant error of frequency prediction is likely to be the error due to frequency drift and/or random walk FM, indicating the non-stationary behavior or disturbances. A two-sample variance is devised, called "Psi-variance," that has desirable statistical properties similar to hose of the Allan variance. From this, we compute the power spectral density of frequency fluctuations, S-y(f), from which phase noise, L(f), can be derived.
C1 [Howe, D. A.; Ashby, N.; Lirette, D.; Hati, A.; Nelson, C.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Howe, DA (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1075-6787
BN 978-1-61284-110-6
J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT
PY 2011
BP 99
EP 102
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied;
Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications
GA BWX38
UT WOS:000295261600023
ER
PT S
AU Safronova, MS
Kolzov, MG
Clark, CW
AF Safronova, M. S.
Kolzov, M. G.
Clark, Charles W.
GP IEEE
TI Precision calculation of blackbody radiation shifts for metrology at the
18(th) decimal place
SO 2011 JOINT CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL
SYMPOSIUM/EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM PROCEEDINGS
SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 5th Joint Conference of the 65th IEEE International Frequency Control
Symposium / 25th European Frequency and Time Forum
CY MAY 01-05, 2011
CL San Francisco, CA
SP IEEE, IEEE UFFC, EFTF
AB We developed a theoretical method with in the framework of relativistic many-body theory to accurately treat correlation corrections in a toms with few valence electrons, and applied it to calculate polarizabilities and the blackbody radiation (BBR) shifts of atomic frequency standards. We have performed the calculations of the BBR shifts in B+, Al+, and In+ that allowed to reduce the ultimate uncertainties due to this effect at room temperature to 10(-18) level for B+ and In+ and to 4x10(-19) for Al+. These uncertainties approach recent estimates of the feasible precision of currently proposed optical atomic clocks.
C1 [Safronova, M. S.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
[Kolzov, M. G.] PNPI, Gatchina, Russia.
Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
[Clark, Charles W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
RP Safronova, MS (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
EM msafrono@udel.edu; mgk@mf1309.spb.edu; charles.clark@nist.gov
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1075-6787
BN 978-1-61284-110-6
J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT
PY 2011
BP 349
EP 352
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied;
Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications
GA BWX38
UT WOS:000295261600082
ER
PT S
AU Duong, T
Hefner, A
Hobart, K
Ryu, SH
Grider, D
Berning, D
Ortiz-Rodriguez, JM
Imhoff, E
Sherbondy, J
AF Duong, Tam
Hefner, Allen
Hobart, Karl
Ryu, Sei-Hyung
Grider, David
Berning, David
Ortiz-Rodriguez, Jose M.
Imhoff, Eugene
Sherbondy, Jerry
GP IEEE
TI Comparison of 4.5 kV SiC JBS and Si PiN Diodes for 4.5 kV Si IGBT
Anti-parallel Diode Applications
SO 2011 TWENTY-SIXTH ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND
EXPOSITION (APEC)
SE Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 26th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition
(APEC)
CY MAR 06-11, 2011
CL Fort Worth, TX
SP IEEE, Power Sources Manufacturers Assoc, IEEE Power Elect Soc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc
DE Silicon carbide (SiC); medium-voltage; highfrequency; Junction Barrier
Schottky (JBS); hybrid halfbridge module; power systems
AB A new 60 A, 4.5 kV SiC JBS diode is presented, and its performance is compared to a Si PiN diode used as the anti-parallel diode for 4.5 kV Si IGBTs. The I-V, C-V, reverse recovery, and reverse leakage characteristics of both diode types are measured. The devices are also characterized as the anti-parallel diode for a 4.5 kV Si IGBT using a recently developed high-voltage, double-pulse switching test system. The results indicate that SiC JBS diodes reduce IGBT turn-on switching loses by about a factor of three in practical applications. Furthermore, the peak IGBT current at turn-on is typically reduced by a factor of six, resulting in substantially lower IGBT stress. Circuit simulator models for the 4.5 kV SiC JBS and Si PiN diodes are also developed and compared with measurements.
C1 [Duong, Tam; Hefner, Allen; Berning, David; Ortiz-Rodriguez, Jose M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Hobart, Karl; Imhoff, Eugene] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
[Ryu, Sei-Hyung; Grider, David] Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA.
[Sherbondy, Jerry] Powerex Inc, Youngstown, OH 15697 USA.
RP Duong, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 11
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1048-2334
BN 978-1-4244-8085-2
J9 APPL POWER ELECT CO
PY 2011
BP 1057
EP 1063
PG 7
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BWY61
UT WOS:000295322300157
ER
PT S
AU Phillips, WD
Lin, YJ
Compton, RL
Jimenez-Garcia, K
Perry, AR
Porto, JV
Spielman, IB
AF Phillips, W. D.
Lin, Y-J
Compton, R. L.
Jimenez-Garcia, K.
Perry, A. R.
Porto, J. V.
Spielman, I. B.
BE Hannaford, P
Bachor, HA
Drummond, PD
TI Synthetic electric and magnetic fields for ultracold neutral atoms
SO 22ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ATOMIC PHYSICS
SE Journal of Physics Conference Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 22nd International Conference on Atomic Physics
CY JUL 25-30, 2010
CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA
SP Australian Natl Univ, Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Quantum-Atom Opt, Griffith Univ, Ian Potter Fdn, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Swinburne Univ Technol, Coherent, Inc, Coherent Sci, Inst Phys Publish, Lestek, NewSpec, Nufern, Oxford Univ Press, Spectra Phys, Springer, Toptica Photon, Warsash Sci
AB We use Raman coupling between magnetic sublevels of a Rb-87 Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) to create an effective vector gauge field for the neutral atoms. They behave as if they were charged particles in a magnetic vector potential. With appropriate spatial gradients and time derivatives of this vector potential we produce synthetic magnetic and electric fields for the atoms. This paper is a brief summary of the presentation made by the first author at ICAP 2010 in Cairns, Australia. It is not intended as a complete report on the research described, nor does it attempt to be a fully referenced documentation of that research and the relevant literature. We do, however, provide references to the published work where a more complete description and more complete references to related literature may be found.
C1 [Phillips, W. D.; Lin, Y-J; Compton, R. L.; Jimenez-Garcia, K.; Perry, A. R.; Porto, J. V.; Spielman, I. B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Phillips, WD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM ian.spielman@nist.gov
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 8
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1742-6588
J9 J PHYS CONF SER
PY 2011
VL 264
AR 012002
DI 10.1088/1742-6596/264/1/012002
PG 3
WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Physics
GA BVL54
UT WOS:000291823100002
ER
PT S
AU Regal, CA
Lehnert, KW
AF Regal, C. A.
Lehnert, K. W.
BE Hannaford, P
Bachor, HA
Drummond, PD
TI From cavity electromechanics to cavity optomechanics
SO 22ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ATOMIC PHYSICS
SE Journal of Physics Conference Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 22nd International Conference on Atomic Physics
CY JUL 25-30, 2010
CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA
SP Australian Natl Univ, Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Quantum-Atom Opt, Griffith Univ, Ian Potter Fdn, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Swinburne Univ Technol, Coherent, Inc, Coherent Sci, Inst Phys Publish, Lestek, NewSpec, Nufern, Oxford Univ Press, Spectra Phys, Springer, Toptica Photon, Warsash Sci
ID RESOLVED-SIDE-BAND; NANOMECHANICAL MOTION; RESONATOR; LIMIT
AB We present an overview of experimental work to embed high-Q mesoscopic mechanical oscillators in microwave and optical cavities. Based upon recent progress, the prospect for a broad field of "cavity quantum mechanics" is very real. These systems introduce mesoscopic mechanical oscillators as a new quantum resource and also inherently couple their motion to photons throughout the electromagnetic spectrum.
C1 [Regal, C. A.; Lehnert, K. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Regal, C. A.; Lehnert, K. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Regal, CA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM regal@colorado.edu
RI Lehnert, Konrad/B-7577-2009
OI Lehnert, Konrad/0000-0002-0750-9649
FU Clare Boothe Luce Foundation; DARPA-QUASAR; NIST; NSF
FX We thank J. D. Teufel, R. W. Simmonds, T. Donner, H. J. Kimble, S. B.
Papp, D. J. Wilson, A. A. Clerk, and J. Gambetta for helpful
discussions. We acknowledge support from the Clare Boothe Luce
Foundation, DARPA-QUASAR, NSF, and NIST.
NR 41
TC 102
Z9 103
U1 2
U2 19
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1742-6588
J9 J PHYS CONF SER
PY 2011
VL 264
AR 012025
DI 10.1088/1742-6596/264/1/012025
PG 8
WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Physics
GA BVL54
UT WOS:000291823100025
ER
PT B
AU Dabrowski, C
Hunt, F
AF Dabrowski, Christopher
Hunt, Fern
BE Bruzzone, AG
Piera, MA
Longo, F
Elfrey, P
Affenzeller, M
Balci, O
TI USING MARKOV CHAIN AND GRAPH THEORY CONCEPTS TO ANALYZE BEHAVIOR IN
COMPLEX DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS
SO 23RD EUROPEAN MODELING & SIMULATION SYMPOSIUM, EMSS 2011
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 23rd European Modeling and Simulation Symposium / International
Mediterranean and Latin American Modeling Multiconference
CY SEP 12-14, 2011
CL Rome, ITALY
SP Univ Genoa, DIPTEM, Liophant Simulat, Simulat Team, Int Mediterranean & Latin Amer Counc Simulat, Univ Calabria, Mech Dept, Model & simulat Ctr, Lab Enterprise Solut, Model & Simulat Ctr Excellence, Riga Tech Univ, Miss Latvian Ctr, Logism, Lab Sci Informat & Syst, Univ Perugia, LAMCE COPPE UFRJ, Brasilian Ctr, McLeod Inst Simulat Sci, McLeod Model & Simulat Network, Latvin Simulat Soc, Ecole Superieure Ingn Soc Appliquees, FAC CIENCIAS EXACTAS, Ingn & Agrimensura, Univ Laguna, CIFASIS CONICET UNR UPCAM, Inst Syst & Technol Informat Control & Commun, PRESAGIS
DE time-inhomogeneous Discrete Time Markov chain; distributed system;
minimal s-t cut set
ID PERTURBATION ANALYSIS; GENERATION; TIME
AB We describe how a Discrete Time Markov chain simulation and graph theory concepts can be used together to efficiently analyze behavior of complex distributed systems. Specifically, the paper shows how minimal s-t cut set analysis can be used to identify state transitions in a directed graph of a time-inhomogeneous Markov chain, which when suitably perturbed, lead to performance degradations in the system being modeled. These state transitions can be then be related to failure scenarios in which system performance declines catastrophically in the target system being modeled. Using a large-scale simulation of the grid system, we provide examples of the use of this approach to identify failure scenarios. Preliminary experiments are reported that show this approach can be applied to problems of significant size. The approach described here combines techniques whose use together to analyze dynamic system behavior has not previously been reported.
C1 [Dabrowski, Christopher; Hunt, Fern] US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Dabrowski, C (reprint author), US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM cdabrowski@nist.gov; fhunt@nist.gov
NR 30
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU DIPTEM UNIV GENOA
PI GENOA
PA VIA OPERA OUA 15, GENOA, 16145, ITALY
BN 978-88-903724-4-5
PY 2011
BP 659
EP 668
PG 10
WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science
SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science
GA BE0YE
UT WOS:000367406100096
ER
PT S
AU Domanski, PA
Yashar, DA
Lee, S
Wojtusiak, J
AF Domanski, P. A.
Yashar, D. A.
Lee, S.
Wojtusiak, J.
GP INT INST REFRIGERAT
TI PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF APPLYING EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHMS FOR OPTIMIZING
REFRIGERANT CIRCUITRY IN HEAT EXCHANGERS
SO 23RD IIR INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF REFRIGERATION
SE Congres International du Froid-International Congress of Refrigeration
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 23rd International-Institute-of-Refrigeration(IIR) International
Congress of Refrigeration
CY AUG 20-26, 2011
CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC
SP Int Inst Refrigerat, DAIKIN, European Partnership Energy & Environm, Ingersoll Rand, Johnson Controls, Sofrigam, STAR Refrigerat, Honeywell, Ebmpapst, Emerson Climate Technol, LU VE, Carrier, Eurovent Certificat, Solvay Fluor, Danfoss, Prihoda, Bock Compressors, Cemafroid, Alfa Laval, GEA, EuroEnergy, Shecco
ID TUBE
AB A public domain finned-tube heat exchanger simulation program, EVAP-COND ver. 3.0, has been equipped with an evolutionary algorithm-based module, called ISHED - Intelligent System for Heat Exchanger Design, which facilitates optimization of refrigerant circuitry. Previous studies demonstrated that the best circuitry designs developed by the evolutionary methods in ISHED yielded capacity improvements over the original manufacturers' designs. Since evolutionary methods inherently involve the element of randomness, they do not guarantee achieving the optimum outcome within a given optimization run. This paper presents optimization experiments with ISHED and provides recommendations for selecting optional run parameters to expedite convergence to the optimal circuitry designs. This paper also presents the implementation of a design constraint which forces all tube connections on one side of the heat exchanger to be short return bends between two neighboring tubes; i.e., each connected pair of tubes resembles a large "hairpin", and evaluates this design constraint's influence on the optimization process.
C1 [Domanski, P. A.; Yashar, D. A.; Lee, S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Domanski, PA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM piotr.domanski@nist.gov; david.yashar@nist.gov; sunil.lee@nist.gov;
jwojtusi@mli.gmu.edu
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU INT INST REFRIGERATION
PI PARIS
PA 177 BLVD MALESHERBES, F-75017 PARIS, FRANCE
SN 1025-9031
BN 978-2-913149-88-5
J9 CONGRES INT FROID
PY 2011
VL 23
BP 2664
EP 2671
PG 8
WC Thermodynamics
SC Thermodynamics
GA BCK65
UT WOS:000310485801082
ER
PT S
AU Kedzierski, MA
AF Kedzierski, M. A.
GP INT INST REFRIGERAT
TI VISCOSITY AND DENSITY OF ALUMINUM OXIDE NANOLUBRICANT
SO 23RD IIR INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF REFRIGERATION
SE Congres International du Froid-International Congress of Refrigeration
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 23rd International-Institute-of-Refrigeration(IIR) International
Congress of Refrigeration
CY AUG 20-26, 2011
CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC
SP Int Inst Refrigerat, DAIKIN, European Partnership Energy & Environm, Ingersoll Rand, Johnson Controls, Sofrigam, STAR Refrigerat, Honeywell, Ebmpapst, Emerson Climate Technol, LU VE, Carrier, Eurovent Certificat, Solvay Fluor, Danfoss, Prihoda, Bock Compressors, Cemafroid, Alfa Laval, GEA, EuroEnergy, Shecco
ID SIZE
AB This paper presents liquid kinematic viscosity and density measurements of a synthetic polyolester-based aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticle dispersion (nanolubricant) at atmospheric pressure over the temperature range 288 K to 318 K. The polyolester was a commercially available chiller lubricant. Two Al2O3 particles diameters were investigated: approximately 60 nm and 10 nm. A good dispersion of the spherical nanoparticles in the lubricant was maintained with a surfactant. Viscosity and density measurements were made for the neat lubricant along with twelve nanolubricants with differing nanoparticle and surfactant mass fractions. The viscosity and the density were shown to increase with respect to increasing nanoparticle mass fraction. The viscosity increased or decreased with surfactant mass fraction depending on the temperature. Correlations of the viscosity and the density are presented as a function of temperature, and nanoparticle and surfactant concentration. The viscosity was also correlated with respect to nanoparticle diameter. The measurements are important for the design of nanolubricants for heat transfer and flow applications.
C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Kedzierski, MA (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 861, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM Mark.Kedzierski@nist.gov
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU INT INST REFRIGERATION
PI PARIS
PA 177 BLVD MALESHERBES, F-75017 PARIS, FRANCE
SN 1025-9031
BN 978-2-913149-88-5
J9 CONGRES INT FROID
PY 2011
VL 23
BP 3144
EP 3151
PG 8
WC Thermodynamics
SC Thermodynamics
GA BCK65
UT WOS:000310485801143
ER
PT J
AU Davis, W
AF Davis, Wendy
GP CIE
TI RECENT DEVELOPMENTS OF THE COLOR RENDERING INDEX
SO 27TH SESSION OF THE CIE, VOL. 1, PTS 1 AND 2
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 27th Session of the International-Commission-on-Illumination (CIE)
CY JUL 10-15, 2011
CL SOUTH AFRICA
SP Int Commiss Illuminat
DE Colour Rendering; Colour Rendering Index (CRI); Colour Rendition
AB The problems and limitations of the colour rendering index (CRI) are particularly troublesome for emerging lighting technologies. Work is underway within the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) to recommend a new procedure for assessing the colour rendition of light sources for general illumination. Nine competing proposals are currently under consideration by the technical committee responsible for this task. Finding consensus amongst all interested parties has been difficult.
C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Davis, W (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM wendy.davis@nist.gov
NR 13
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU C I E CENTRAL BUREAU
PI VIENNA
PA KEGELGASSE 27, A-1030 VIENNA, AUSTRIA
BN 978-3-901906-99-2
PY 2011
BP 24
EP 25
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BJN66
UT WOS:000329312800004
ER
PT J
AU Ohno, Y
AF Ohno, Yoshi
GP CIE
TI MEASUREMENT OF BANDPASS FOR ARRAY SPECTRORADIOMETERS
SO 27TH SESSION OF THE CIE, VOL. 1, PTS 1 AND 2
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 27th Session of the International-Commission-on-Illumination (CIE)
CY JUL 10-15, 2011
CL SOUTH AFRICA
SP Int Commiss Illuminat
DE bandpass; bandwidth; bandpass correction; spectrometer;
spectroradiometer
AB A practical method for measuring the bandpass function of an array spectrometer, not requiring a tunable laser, has been developed. A model of bandpass function based on two Gaussian functions is used, which can simulate asymmetric bandpass functions of varied bandwidth and sharpness of the peak. The approach using the model allows determination of the bandpass function by measuring a fixed line spectrum and from the pixel outputs that are not dense enough for interpolation approach. The obtained bandpass data may be used for wavelength scale calibration as well as for bandpass correction.
C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Ohno, Y (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM ohno@nist.gov
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU C I E CENTRAL BUREAU
PI VIENNA
PA KEGELGASSE 27, A-1030 VIENNA, AUSTRIA
BN 978-3-901906-99-2
PY 2011
BP 78
EP 81
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BJN66
UT WOS:000329312800012
ER
PT S
AU Kramida, A
AF Kramida, Alexander
BE Bernotas, A
Karazija, R
Rudzikas, Z
TI Recent Developments in the NIST Atomic Databases
SO 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR DATA AND THEIR
APPLICATIONS ICAMDATA-2010
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 7th International Conference on Atomic and Molecular Data and Their
Applications - ICAMDATA-2010
CY SEP 21-24, 2010
CL Vilnius, LITHUANIA
SP Lithuanian Acad Sci, Vilnius Univ, Res Council Lithuania, IOP Publishing, Intel, Vilnius Univ, Inst Theoret Phys & Astron
DE Atomic databases; Atomic data; Energy levels; Spectral lines; Transition
probabilities; Data compilations
ID TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; ENERGY-LEVELS; CRITICAL COMPILATION;
ELECTRON-IMPACT; FE-I; WAVELENGTHS; SPECTRA; SODIUM; LIFETIMES; NA
AB New versions of the NIST Atomic Spectra Database (ASD, v. 4.0) and three bibliographic databases (Atomic Energy Levels and Spectra, v. 2.0, Atomic Transition Probabilities, v. 9.0, and Atomic Line Broadening and Shapes, v. 3.0) have recently been released. In this contribution I will describe the main changes in the way users get the data through the Web. The contents of ASD have been significantly extended. In particular, the data on highly ionized tungsten (W III-LXXIV) have been added from a recently published NIST compilation. The tables for Fe I and Fe II have been replaced with newer, much more extensive lists (10000 lines for Fe I). The other updated or new spectra include H, D, T, He I-II, Li-III, Be I-IV, B I-V, C I-II, N I-II, O I-II, Na I-X, K I-XIX, and Hg I. The new version of ASD now incorporates data on isotopes of several elements. I will describe some of the issues the NIST ASD Team faces when updating the data.
C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Kramida, A (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM alexander.kramida@nist.gov
OI Kramida, Alexander/0000-0002-0788-8087
NR 53
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 2
U2 11
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0900-2
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2011
VL 1344
BP 81
EP 95
DI 10.1063/1.3585808
PG 15
WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Physics
GA BVL90
UT WOS:000291847500007
ER
PT S
AU Lister, G
Curry, JJ
AF Lister, Graeme
Curry, John J.
BE Bernotas, A
Karazija, R
Rudzikas, Z
TI Cold Light from Hot Atoms and Molecules
SO 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR DATA AND THEIR
APPLICATIONS ICAMDATA-2010
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 7th International Conference on Atomic and Molecular Data and Their
Applications - ICAMDATA-2010
CY SEP 21-24, 2010
CL Vilnius, LITHUANIA
SP Lithuanian Acad Sci, Vilnius Univ, Res Council Lithuania, IOP Publishing, Intel, Vilnius Univ, Inst Theoret Phys & Astron
DE Discharge lamps; Light sources; Radiation; Rare earth atoms
ID PRESSURE DISCHARGE LAMPS; METAL-POOR STARS; R-PROCESS-RICH; SUN
AB The introduction of rare earth atoms and molecules into lighting discharges led to great advances in efficacy of these lamps. Atoms such as Dy, Ho and Ce provide excellent radiation sources for lighting applications, with rich visible spectra, such that a suitable combination of these elements can provide high quality white light. Rare earth molecules have also proved important in enhancing the radiation spectrum from phosphors in fluorescent lamps. This paper reviews some of the current aspects of lighting research, particularly rare earth chemistry and radiation, and the associated fundamental atomic and molecular data.
C1 [Lister, Graeme] OSRAM SYLVANIA, CRSL, 71 Cherry Hill Drive, Beverly, MA 01915 USA.
[Curry, John J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
RP Lister, G (reprint author), OSRAM SYLVANIA, CRSL, 71 Cherry Hill Drive, Beverly, MA 01915 USA.
EM graeme.lister@sylvania.com
NR 13
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0900-2
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2011
VL 1344
BP 219
EP +
DI 10.1063/1.3585821
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Physics
GA BVL90
UT WOS:000291847500020
ER
PT B
AU Liu, Z
Howard-Reed, C
Cox, SS
Little, JC
AF Liu, Z.
Howard-Reed, C.
Cox, S. S.
Little, J. C.
BE Zhang, X
Li, Z
Gao, N
Zhou, X
TI DIFFUSION-CONTROLLED REFERENCE MATERIAL FOR VOC EMISSIONS TESTING
SO 7TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HEATING, VENTILATING AND AIR
CONDITIONING, PROCEEDINGS OF ISHVAC 2011, VOLS I-IV
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 7TH International Symposium on Heating, Ventilating and Air
Conditioning, ISHVAC 2011
CY NOV 06-09, 2011
CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP TONGJI UNIV, Tsinghua Univ, Univ Hong Kong
DE Reference material; VOCs; Emissions testing; Emission model;
Inter-laboratory study
AB To improve the reliability and accuracy of tests used to measure emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from samples of interior building products, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and Virginia Tech (VT) have created a program to develop reference materials for volatile organic compounds emissions testing. A diffusion-controlled reference material and associated mechanistic model for predicting the emission profiles under various testing conditions have been developed. The feasibility of the reference material has been extensively evaluated and its capability in assessing emission testing performance has been demonstrated in a series of inter -laboratories studies. Reference materials have the potential to build consensus and confidence in emissions testing as well as to "level the playing field" for product testing laboratories and manufacturers.
C1 [Liu, Z.; Cox, S. S.; Little, J. C.] Virginia Tech, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA.
[Howard-Reed, C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Little, JC (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA.
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU TONGJI UNIV PRESS
PI SHANGHAI
PA EDITORIAL BOARD 1239 SIPING RD, SHANGHAI, PEOPLES R CHINA
BN 978-962-85138-0-2
PY 2011
BP 441
EP 446
PG 6
WC Construction & Building Technology
SC Construction & Building Technology
GA BH0EE
UT WOS:000394721200071
ER
PT J
AU Krylyuk, S
Davydov, AV
Levin, I
AF Krylyuk, Sergiy
Davydov, Albert V.
Levin, Igor
TI Tapering Control of Si Nanowires Grown from SiCl4 at Reduced Pressure
SO ACS NANO
LA English
DT Article
DE silicon nanowires; tapering; vertical alignment
ID CATALYZED SILICON NANOWIRES; HYDROGEN-CHLORINE SYSTEM; SURFACE
MIGRATION; CVD SILICON; VLS GROWTH; ARRAYS; CL; NANOTWEEZERS;
ADSORPTION; NUCLEATION
AB Device applications of tapered Si nanoWire (SiNW) arrays require reliable technological approaches for fabricatiing nanowires with controlled shape and orientation. In this study, we systematically explore effects of growth conditions on tapering of Si nanowires grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at reduced pressure from Sicl(4) precursor. Tapering of SiNWs is governed by the interplay between the catalyzed vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) and uncatalyzed vapor-solid (VS) growth mechanisms. We found that the uncatalyzed vapor liquid solid (VLS) and uncatalyzed vapor solid (VS) growth Mechanisms. We found that the uncatalyzed Si deposition on NW sidewalls, defined. by a radial growth rate, can be enhanced by lowering SiCl4/H-2 molar ratio, applying higher gas flow rate, or reducing growth pressure. Distinct dependences of the axial and radial growth rates on the process conditions were employed to produce SiNWs with a tapering degree (i.e., a ratio of the radial/axial growth rates) varying by almost 2 orders of magnitude. The results are explained by an interplay between the thermodynamic and kinetic effects on the axial (VLS) and radial (VS) growth rates. Established correlation between the SiCl4/H-2 molar ratio and vertical alignment of nanowires was used to develop a two-stage growth procedure for producing tapered SiNW arrays with predominantly vertical orientation.
C1 [Krylyuk, Sergiy; Davydov, Albert V.] NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Levin, Igor] NIST, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Davydov, AV (reprint author), NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM albert.davydov@nist.gov
RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010
OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311
NR 43
TC 48
Z9 49
U1 4
U2 50
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1936-0851
J9 ACS NANO
JI ACS Nano
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 5
IS 1
BP 656
EP 664
DI 10.1021/nn102556s
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA 710CA
UT WOS:000286487300084
PM 21158417
ER
PT J
AU Zabotin, NA
Godin, OA
AF Zabotin, Nikolay A.
Godin, Oleg A.
TI Emergence of Acoustic Green's Functions from Time Averages of Ambient
Noise
SO ACTA ACUSTICA UNITED WITH ACUSTICA
LA English
DT Article
ID CROSS-CORRELATION FUNCTION; DIFFUSE FIELD; FLUCTUATIONS; RETRIEVAL;
SYSTEMS; OCEAN; ARRAY
AB The emergence of deterministic Green's functions from cross-correlation of ambient noise is the physical basis for a number of passive remote sensing techniques. The data-accumulation time necessary for the Green's function emergence is of critical significance for the feasibility and implementation of the passive techniques. This paper re-examines calculation of the necessary data-accumulation times. Previously published estimates are extended to more general ambient noise fields and source-receiver geometries. The emergence time calculation is performed for arbitrary anisotropy of the noise field generated by random acoustic noise sources located on a surface or on a curve. The results apply to a general case of an inhomogeneous, moving or motionless medium with time-independent parameters. It is shown that in certain situations the emergence time estimates are influenced by the geometry (dimensionality) of the noise sources' layout, and not necessarily by the dimensionality of the propagation medium. A simpler technique using basic statistical principles is suggested for calculating the emergence time under rather general assumptions.
C1 [Zabotin, Nikolay A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Zabotin, Nikolay A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Ctr Environm Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Godin, Oleg A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Godin, Oleg A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, DSRC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Zabotin, NA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, 425 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM Nikolay.Zabotin@Colorado.edu; Oleg.Godin@noaa.gov
RI Godin, Oleg/E-6554-2011; Zabotin, Nikolay/A-9639-2015
OI Godin, Oleg/0000-0003-4599-2149; Zabotin, Nikolay/0000-0003-0715-1082
FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-08-1-0100]
FX The authors appreciate the support provided by the Office of Naval
Research for this work through grant number N00014-08-1-0100. Helpful
comments and suggestions of anonymous referees are gratefully
acknowledged.
NR 21
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 4
PU S HIRZEL VERLAG
PI STUTTGART
PA POSTFACH 10 10 61, D-70 009 STUTTGART, GERMANY
SN 1610-1928
J9 ACTA ACUST UNITED AC
JI Acta Acust. United Acust.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2011
VL 97
IS 1
BP 44
EP 53
DI 10.3813/AAA.918385
PG 10
WC Acoustics
SC Acoustics
GA 705FG
UT WOS:000286113700006
ER
PT S
AU Lin, L
Qu, C
Kasica, R
Fang, Q
Miller, RE
Pierce, E
McCarty, E
Fan, JH
Edwards, DD
Wynick, G
Wang, XW
AF Lin, L.
Qu, C.
Kasica, R.
Fang, Q.
Miller, R. E.
Pierce, E.
McCarty, E.
Fan, J. H.
Edwards, D. D.
Wynick, G.
Wang, X. W.
BE Zhu, D
Lin, HT
Zhou, Y
Widjaja, S
Singh, D
TI MULTILAYER COATINGS FOR ANTI-CORROSION APPLICATIONS
SO ADVANCED CERAMIC COATINGS AND MATERIALS FOR EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS
SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 35th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and
Composites
CY JAN 23-28, 2011
CL Daytona Beach, FL
SP Amer Ceram Soc, Engn Ceram Div, Amer Ceram Soc, Nucl & Environm Technol Div, Amer Ceram Soc
ID NITRIDE THIN-FILMS; OXIDE
AB Due to low mass densities, magnesium alloy materials are utilized to reduce vehicular weights. However, when a magnesium alloy part is fastened with a carbon steel bolt, galvanic corrosion will occur. To stop or slow down galvanic current flow, an isolation material may be inserted between the magnesium alloy part and the steel bolt. In a previous study, an aluminum oxide thin film (100 - 300 nm) or a silicon nitride thin film (20 - 850 nm) was coated on a steel substrate as a barrier layer. In this study, besides the single layer coatings, double layer and triple layer coatings are fabricated with various combinations of the silicon nitride thin film and oxide films. After a multilayer coating is applied onto a 1050 carbon steel disc, the galvanic current between the coated steel disc and AM60B magnesium alloy is obtained. Using the lowest current value as the criterion, a candidate multilayer stacking design is then selected for the coating on the carbon steel bolts. The coated bolts are subsequently evaluated by a salt spray testing method. So far, the best layer stacking has three layers in the following sequence: silicon nitride base layer, aluminum oxide and UV curable oxide topcoat.
C1 [Lin, L.; Qu, C.; Miller, R. E.; Pierce, E.; Fan, J. H.; Edwards, D. D.; Wynick, G.; Wang, X. W.] Alfred Univ, Sch Engn, Alfred, NY 14802 USA.
[Kasica, R.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Fang, Q.] Oxford Instruments Plasma Technol, Bristol BS49 4AP, Avon, England.
[McCarty, E.] Mat Technol Consulting LLC, Clarkston, MI 48346 USA.
RP Wang, XW (reprint author), Alfred Univ, Sch Engn, Alfred, NY 14802 USA.
EM fwangx@alfred.edu
FU USCAR-USAMP
FX Guidance from USCar-USAMP member companies is greatly appreciated. In
particular, suggestions and comments from Mr. Jim Quinn, Mr. Dick
Osborne and Dr. Yar-ming Wang are very helpful. Additional help from Ms.
Martha Sanford-Curtin, Ms. Zheng-Ying Wang and Mr. Muqiong Liu is also
greatly appreciated. The partial financial support from USCAR-USAMP is
acknowledged.
NR 7
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER CERAMIC SOC
PI WESTERVILLE
PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA
SN 0196-6219
BN 978-1-118-17258-2; 978-1-118-05988-3
J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC
PY 2011
VL 32
BP 59
EP 70
PG 12
WC Materials Science, Ceramics
SC Materials Science
GA BFK95
UT WOS:000320328500007
ER
PT S
AU Ma, LJ
Bienfang, JC
Slattery, O
Tang, X
AF Ma, Lijun
Bienfang, Joshua C.
Slattery, Oliver
Tang, Xiao
BE Itzler, MA
Campbell, JC
TI Frequency up-conversion single photon detectors for quantum
communication systems
SO ADVANCED PHOTON COUNTING TECHNIQUES V
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Advanced Photon Counting Techniques V
CY APR 27-29, 2011
CL Orlando, FL
SP SPIE
DE Single photon detector; Frequency up-conversion; Optical sampling
ID KEY DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEM; WAVE-GUIDE; WAVELENGTH; GENERATION; RESOLUTION;
GHZ
AB Frequency up-conversion technology can be used to increase detection efficiency for near infrared photons, as has been demonstrated in fiber-based quantum communication systems. In a continuous wave pumped up-conversion detector, the temporal resolution is limited by the timing jitter of the detector in the visible range, which limits the maximum clock rate of a quantum communication system. In this paper we describe a scheme to improve the temporal resolution of an up-conversion single-photon detector using multi-wavelength optical-sampling techniques, allowing for increased transmission rates in single-photon communications systems. We experimentally demonstrate our approach with an up-conversion detector using two spectrally and temporally distinct pump pulses, and show that it allows for high-fidelity single-photon detection at twice the rate supported by a conventional single-pump up-conversion detector.
C1 [Ma, Lijun; Slattery, Oliver] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Ma, LJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM xiao.tang@nist.gov
RI Bienfang, Joshua/A-7285-2010; Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011
NR 19
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-607-3
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 8033
AR 803306
DI 10.1117/12.883213
PG 9
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA BWL86
UT WOS:000294206400004
ER
PT S
AU Restelli, A
Bienfang, JC
Migdall, AL
AF Restelli, Alessandro
Bienfang, Joshua C.
Migdall, Alan L.
BE Itzler, MA
Campbell, JC
TI A technique to measure afterpulse probabilities in InGaAs SPADs at
nanosecond time scales with sub-picoCoulomb avalanche charge
SO ADVANCED PHOTON COUNTING TECHNIQUES V
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Advanced Photon Counting Techniques V
CY APR 27-29, 2011
CL Orlando, FL
SP SPIE
DE Single photon detector; avalanche diode; infrared; afterpulsing
ID SINGLE-PHOTON DETECTION; TELECOM WAVELENGTHS; 1550 NM; PHOTODIODES;
DETECTOR; DISCRIMINATION
AB We adapt a previously-demonstrated gating technique for InGaAs SPADs to enable double-bias-pulse measurements of afterpulsing at nanosecond time scales with gate durations down to 500 ps. We present preliminary results for afterpulse probabilities below 10 ns, time scales comparable to those in the self-differencing technique, and show that afterpulse probabilities low enough to support reliable counting above 100 MHz can be observed.
C1 [Restelli, Alessandro] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Restelli, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM alessandro.restelli@nist.gov
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Bienfang, Joshua/A-7285-2010; Restelli,
Alessandro/A-4897-2009
OI Restelli, Alessandro/0000-0002-1289-3171
NR 16
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-607-3
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 8033
AR 80330I
DI 10.1117/12.884529
PG 7
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA BWL86
UT WOS:000294206400012
ER
PT J
AU Wu, CQ
Zhou, TJ
Sun, DZ
Bao, Q
AF Wu Chunqiang
Zhou Tianjun
Sun De-Zheng
Bao Qing
TI Water Vapor and Cloud Radiative Forcings over the Pacific Ocean
Simulated by the LASG/IAP AGCM: Sensitivity to Convection Schemes
SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE SAMIL; convection scheme; cloud radiative forcing; greenhouse effect
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; CLIMATE SYSTEM MODEL; CUMULUS
PARAMETERIZATION; ATMOSPHERE FEEDBACKS; DYNAMICAL FEEDBACKS;
COLD-TONGUE; VARIABILITY; PERFORMANCE; SATELLITE; MONSOON
AB Characteristics of the total clear-sky greenhouse effect (GA) and cloud radiative forcings (CRFs), along with the radiative-related water vapor and cloud properties simulated by the Spectral Atmospheric Model developed by LASG/IAP (SAMIL) are evaluated. Impacts of the convection scheme on the simulation of CRFs are discussed by using two AMIP (Atmospheric Model Inter-comparison Project) type simulations employing different convection schemes: the new Zhang-McFarlane (NZH) and Tiedtke (TDK) convection schemes. It shows that both the climatological GA and its response to El Nino warming are simulated well, both in terms of spatial pattern and magnitude. The impact of the convection scheme on GA is not significant. The climatological longwave ORE (LWCRF) and its response to El Nino warming are simulated well, but with a prominently weaker magnitude. The simulation of the climatology (response) of LWCRF in the NZH (TDK) run is slightly more realistic than in the TDK (NZH) simulation, indicating significant impacts of the convection scheme. The shortwave CRF (SWCRF) shows large biases in both spatial pattern and magnitude, and the results from the TDK run are better than those from the NZH run. A spuriously excessive negative climatological SWCRF over the southeastern Pacific and an insufficient response of SWCRF to El Nino warming over the tropical Pacific are seen in the NZH run. These two biases are alleviated in the TDK run, since it produces vigorous convection, which is related to the low threshold for convection to take place. Also, impacts of the convection scheme on the cloud profile are discussed.
C1 [Wu Chunqiang; Zhou Tianjun; Bao Qing] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Numer Modeling Atmospher Sci & Geop, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
[Wu Chunqiang] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Satellite Meteorol Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
[Sun De-Zheng] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Environm Studies, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Sun De-Zheng] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Zhou, TJ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Numer Modeling Atmospher Sci & Geop, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM zhoutj@lasg.iap.ac.cn
RI Bao, Qing/A-7765-2012; AAS, AAS/C-2949-2014; ZHOU, Tianjun/C-3195-2012
OI ZHOU, Tianjun/0000-0002-5829-7279
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [40890054, 40821092];
National Basic Research Program of China [2010CB951904]; National Key
Technologies RD Program [2007BAC29B03]
FX This work was supported jointly by the National Natural Science
Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40890054 and 40821092), the National
Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2010CB951904), and National
Key Technologies R&D Program (Grant; No. 2007BAC29B03).
NR 82
TC 2
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 12
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 0256-1530
EI 1861-9533
J9 ADV ATMOS SCI
JI Adv. Atmos. Sci.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 28
IS 1
BP 80
EP 98
DI 10.1007/s00376-010-9205-1
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 694DH
UT WOS:000285274700007
ER
PT J
AU Gavrilov, MB
Jovanovic, GR
Janjic, Z
AF Gavrilov, M. B.
Jovanovic, G. R.
Janjic, Z.
TI Sensitivity of a long-range numerical weather forecast model to small
changes of model parameters
SO ADVANCES IN SCIENCE AND RESEARCH
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 10th EMS Annual Meeting / 8th European Conference on Applied Climatology
(ECAC)
CY SEP 13-17, 2010
CL Zurich, SWITZERLAND
SP European Meteorol Soc
ID ATMOSPHERIC PREDICTABILITY; FLOW; CONVECTION; COORDINATE; SCHEMES;
ENERGY; MOTION
AB Sensitivity of extended-range numerical weather forecasts to small changes of model parameters is studied for two cases. In the first case the Earth radius was perturbed. In the other case changes of the gravity were introduced. The results for the 500 hPa geopotential fields are presented on hemispheric maps and intercompared visually and using RMS differences of the perturbed and reference forecasts. During about the first 10 days of integration the results indicate modest sensitivity of the forecasts to the parameter variation. After this period the forecasts diverge rapidly and start to differ significantly. Repeated integrations on the same computer using the same model setup and the same initial conditions yield identical results.
C1 [Gavrilov, M. B.] Univ Novi Sad, Fac Sci, Chair Phys Geog, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia.
[Jovanovic, G. R.] Hydrometeorol Serv Serbia, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
[Janjic, Z.] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Washington, DC USA.
RP Gavrilov, MB (reprint author), Univ Novi Sad, Fac Sci, Chair Phys Geog, Trg D Obradovica 3, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia.
EM gavrilov@eunet.rs
NR 28
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1992-0628
EI 1992-0636
J9 ADV SCI RES
JI Adv. Sci. Res.
PY 2011
VL 6
BP 13
EP 18
DI 10.5194/asr-6-13-2011
PG 6
GA CD2FL
UT WOS:000350890000003
ER
PT J
AU He, MX
Hogue, TS
Franz, KJ
Margulis, SA
Vrugt, JA
AF He, Minxue
Hogue, Terri S.
Franz, Kristie J.
Margulis, Steven A.
Vrugt, Jasper A.
TI Characterizing parameter sensitivity and uncertainty for a snow model
across hydroclimatic regimes
SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES
LA English
DT Article
DE National Weather Service; SNOW17; Snowmelt; Uncertainty; Generalized
Sensitivity Analysis; Differential Evolution Adaptive Metropolis
ID NATIONAL-WEATHER-SERVICE; TELEMETRY SNOTEL DATA; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA;
COLORADO RIVER-BASIN; HYDROLOGIC MODEL; ENVIRONMENTAL-MODELS; AUTOMATIC
CALIBRATION; METROPOLIS ALGORITHM; WATER EQUIVALENT; UNITED-STATES
AB The National Weather Service (NWS) uses the SNOW17 model to forecast snow accumulation and ablation processes in snow-dominated watersheds nationwide. Successful application of the SNOW17 relies heavily on site-specific estimation of model parameters. The current study undertakes a comprehensive sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of SNOW17 model parameters using forcing and snow water equivalent (SWE) data from 12 sites with differing meteorological and geographic characteristics. The Generalized Sensitivity Analysis and the recently developed Differential Evolution Adaptive Metropolis (DREAM) algorithm are utilized to explore the parameter space and assess model parametric and predictive uncertainty. Results indicate that SNOW17 parameter sensitivity and uncertainty generally varies between sites. Of the six hydroclimatic characteristics studied, only air temperature shows strong correlation with the sensitivity and uncertainty ranges of two parameters, while precipitation is highly correlated with the uncertainty of one parameter. Posterior marginal distributions of two parameters are also shown to be site-dependent in terms of distribution type. The SNOW17 prediction ensembles generated by the DREAM-derived posterior parameter sets contain most of the observed SWE. The proposed uncertainty analysis provides posterior parameter information on parameter uncertainty and distribution types that can serve as a foundation for a data assimilation framework for hydrologic models. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [He, Minxue; Hogue, Terri S.; Margulis, Steven A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Franz, Kristie J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Geol & Atmospher Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
[Vrugt, Jasper A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Vrugt, Jasper A.] Univ Amsterdam, Inst Biodivers & Ecosyst Dynam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
[Vrugt, Jasper A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA USA.
[He, Minxue] Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA.
[He, Minxue] Riverside Technol Inc, Ft Collins, CO USA.
RP Hogue, TS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 5731F Boelter Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
EM thogue@seas.ucla.edu
RI Franz, Kristie/B-1554-2012; Vrugt, Jasper/C-3660-2008
OI Franz, Kristie/0000-0002-3700-6321;
FU National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Weather
Service [NA07NWS4620013]; UCLA; Los Alamos National Laboratory
FX The authors thank Dr. Pedro Restrepo, Dr. Dong-Jun Seo, and Dr. Yuqiong
Liu for their suggestions and advice on the development of this work.
This work is partially supported by a grant from the National Oceanic
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Weather Service
(NA07NWS4620013) and by a UCLA Graduate Division Fellowship. The work of
the last author is supported by a J. Robert Oppenheimer Fellowship from
the Los Alamos National Laboratory Postdoctoral Program.
NR 69
TC 20
Z9 21
U1 2
U2 13
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0309-1708
J9 ADV WATER RESOUR
JI Adv. Water Resour.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 34
IS 1
BP 114
EP 127
DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2010.10.002
PG 14
WC Water Resources
SC Water Resources
GA 742GT
UT WOS:000288930000009
ER
PT B
AU Maruyama, N
Fuller-Rowell, TJ
Codrescu, MV
Anderson, D
Richmond, AD
Maute, A
Sazykin, S
Toffoletto, FR
Spiro, RW
Wolf, RA
Millward, GH
AF Maruyama, Naomi
Fuller-Rowell, Timothy J.
Codrescu, Mihail V.
Anderson, David
Richmond, Arthur D.
Maute, Astrid
Sazykin, Stanislav
Toffoletto, Frank R.
Spiro, Robert W.
Wolf, Richard A.
Millward, George H.
BE Abdu, MA
Pancheva, D
Bhattacharyya, A
TI Modeling the Storm Time Electrodynamics
SO AERONOMY OF THE EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE AND IONOSPHERE
SE IAGA Special Sopron Book Series
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID IONOSPHERE-THERMOSPHERE MODEL; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ZONAL
ELECTRIC-FIELDS; CENTRAL PLASMA SHEET; LOW LATITUDES; INNER
MAGNETOSPHERE; DISTURBANCE DYNAMO; CONVECTION; PENETRATION; SIMULATION
AB A model that electrodynamically couples inner magnetosphere, ionosphere, plasmasphere, thermosphere, and electrodynamics has been developed and is used to separate sources of the storm time electric fields between the magnetospheric, ionospheric, and themiospheric processes and to investigate their nonlinear interactions. The two sources of the electric-field disturbances, prompt penetration (PP) and disturbance dynamo (DD), have been identified in the coupled model results. Furthermore, the results suggest that the sources of variability in storm time electric fields are associated with the nonlinear interaction between the PP and DD, such that the response depends on the preconditioning of the coupled system. The preconditioning in this study is caused by the fact that the magnetosphere, ionosphere, and thermosphere respond to external forcing as a coupled system. The results clearly demonstrate the need for a fully coupled model of magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere, in order to determine the preconditioning effect.
C1 [Maruyama, Naomi] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Maruyama, Naomi; Fuller-Rowell, Timothy J.; Codrescu, Mihail V.; Anderson, David] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA.
[Richmond, Arthur D.; Maute, Astrid] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Millward, George H.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Sazykin, Stanislav; Toffoletto, Frank R.; Spiro, Robert W.; Wolf, Richard A.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX USA.
RP Maruyama, N (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM Naomi.maruyama@noaa.gov; tim.fuller-rowell@noaa.gov;
David.Anderson@noaa.gov; Richmond@ucar.edu; maute@ucar.edu;
sazykin@rice.edu; toffo@rice.edu; spiro@rice.edu; rawolf@rice.edu;
George.Millward@noaa.gov
NR 40
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
BN 978-94-007-0325-4
J9 IAGA SPEC SOPRON
PY 2011
VL 2
BP 455
EP 464
DI 10.1007/978-94-007-0326-1_35
D2 10.1007/978-94-007-0326-1
PG 10
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BUW26
UT WOS:000290497500035
ER
PT J
AU Kulkarni, G
Pekour, M
Afchine, A
Murphy, DM
Cziczo, DJ
AF Kulkarni, Gourihar
Pekour, Mikhail
Afchine, Armin
Murphy, Daniel M.
Cziczo, Daniel J.
TI Comparison of Experimental and Numerical Studies of the Performance
Characteristics of a Pumped Counterflow Virtual Impactor
SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CLOUD DROPLETS; ICE NUCLEATION; DESIGN; CVI
AB Experiments and Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulations were performed to evaluate the performance characteristics of a Pumped Counterflow Virtual Impactor (PCVI). The diameter at which 50% of the particles were transmitted was determined for various flow configurations. Experimentally determined 50% cut sizes varied from 2.2 to 4.8 micrometers and CFD predicted diameters agreed within +/- 0.4 micrometers. Both experimental and CFD results showed similar transmission efficiency (TE) curves. CFD TE was always greater than experimental results, most likely due to impaction losses in fittings not included in the simulations. Ideal transmission, corresponding to 100% TE, was never realized in either case due to impaction losses and small-scale flow features such as eddies. Areas where CFD simulations showed such flow recirculation zones were also found to be the locations where particulate residue was deposited during experiments. CFD parametric tests showed that PCVI performance can be affected by the nozzle geometry and misalignment between the nozzle and collector orifice. We conclude that CFD can be used with confidence for counter-flow virtual impactor (CVI) design. Modifications to improve the performance characteristics of the PCVI are suggested.
C1 [Kulkarni, Gourihar; Pekour, Mikhail; Cziczo, Daniel J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99354 USA.
[Afchine, Armin] Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Inst Chem & Dynam Geosphere ICG 1, Julich, Germany.
[Murphy, Daniel M.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Kulkarni, G (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA.
EM Gourihar.Kulkarni@pnl.gov
RI Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235;
FU Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Aerosol and Climate Initiative;
NOAA
FX Funding of this work was provided by the Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory Aerosol and Climate Initiative and NOAA base funding. We wish
to thank Karl Froyd for useful discussions.
NR 23
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 32
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0278-6826
J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH
JI Aerosol Sci. Technol.
PY 2011
VL 45
IS 3
BP 382
EP 392
DI 10.1080/02786826.2010.539291
PG 11
WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences;
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
GA 712HA
UT WOS:000286655700009
ER
PT J
AU Chang, WL
Bhave, PV
Brown, SS
Riemer, N
Stutz, J
Dabdub, D
AF Chang, Wayne L.
Bhave, Prakash V.
Brown, Steven S.
Riemer, Nicole
Stutz, Jochen
Dabdub, Donald
TI Heterogeneous Atmospheric Chemistry, Ambient Measurements, and Model
Calculations of N2O5: A Review
SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; NOCTURNAL BOUNDARY-LAYER; DIFFERENTIAL
OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; IN-SITU DETECTION;
LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; MINERAL DUST SURROGATES;
LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; LONG-TERM OBSERVATION; AIR-QUALITY MODELS
AB For several decades, dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) has been recognized as an important reactive intermediate in the atmospheric chemistry of nitrogen oxides and nitrate aerosol, especially during nighttime. However, due to the lack of ambient observations of N2O5, the nocturnal nitrogen oxide chemistry could not be quantified until recent years. The objective of the present article is to assess the current state-of-the-art knowledge of N2O5 dynamics within the tropospheric aerosol. An up-to-date summary of N2O5 chemistry and major loss mechanisms are provided. Furthermore, techniques for measuring ambient N2O5 and an overview of typical N2O5 levels in the troposphere are described. In addition, model representations of N2O5 chemistry are reviewed along with key features of N2O5 vertical profiles based on numerical simulations. Lastly, the article provides the outstanding uncertainties and needs for further research into the atmospheric chemistry of N2O5. These include the need for better characterization of N2O5 heterogeneous uptake under temperature conditions characteristic of mid-and high-latitude winter seasons; greater understanding of the influence of individual aerosol components on N2O5 uptake and representation of these components in atmospheric models; and comprehensive descriptions of nighttime vertical profiles of N2O5 and related pollutants.
C1 [Chang, Wayne L.; Dabdub, Donald] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Irvine, CA 92717 USA.
[Bhave, Prakash V.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
[Brown, Steven S.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Riemer, Nicole] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
[Stutz, Jochen] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA.
RP Dabdub, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Irvine, CA 92717 USA.
EM ddabdub@uci.edu
RI Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Bhave, Prakash/L-1958-2013; Stutz,
Jochen/K-7159-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Bhave, Prakash/0000-0002-2573-951X;
FU California Air Resource Board (ARB)
FX This review article was motivated by a series of presentations at the
2007 International Aerosol Modeling Algorithms conference in Davis,
California. We are appreciative of funding from the California Air
Resource Board (ARB) and grateful to Dr. Ajith Kaduwala for his support.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) through its
Office of Research and Development collaborated in the research
described here. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for
publication. We also thank Susan Forbes (US EPA) for her assistance with
literature searches, and William R. Simpson, Randy Apodaca, Timothy
Bertram, and Ezra Wood for providing several figures. Furthermore, we
extend our thanks to the reviewers for their invaluable constructive
comments and suggestions that have truly improved the quality of this
work.
NR 182
TC 73
Z9 75
U1 9
U2 109
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0278-6826
EI 1521-7388
J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH
JI Aerosol Sci. Technol.
PY 2011
VL 45
IS 6
BP 665
EP 695
DI 10.1080/02786826.2010.551672
PG 31
WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences;
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
GA 730CG
UT WOS:000288007300001
ER
PT J
AU Li, MD
Guha, S
Zangmeister, R
Tarlov, MJ
Zachariah, MR
AF Li, Mingdong
Guha, Suvajyoti
Zangmeister, Rebecca
Tarlov, Michael J.
Zachariah, Michael R.
TI Quantification and Compensation of Nonspecific Analyte Aggregation in
Electrospray Sampling
SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID DIFFERENTIAL MOBILITY ANALYSIS; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CARBON
NANOTUBES; ANALYTICAL ULTRACENTRIFUGATION; ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY;
PROTEINS; CHARGE; MACROMOLECULES; CLASSIFICATION; NANOPARTICLES
AB Electrospray (ES) sources are commonly used to introduce nonvolatile materials (e.g., nanoparticles, proteins, etc.) to the gas phase for characterization by mass spectrometry or ion mobility. Recent studies in our group using ES ion mobility to characterize protein aggregation in solution have raised the question as to whether the ES itself induces aggregation and thus corrupts the results. In this article, we develop a statistical model to determine the extent to which the ES process induces the formation of dimers and higher-order aggregates. The model is validated through ES differentialmobility experiments using gold nanoparticles. The results show that the extent of droplet-induced aggregation is quite severe and previously reported cutoff criterion is inadequate. We use the model in conjunction with experiment to show the true dimer concentration in a protein solution as a function of concentration. Themodel is extendable to any ES source analytical system and to higher aggregation states. For users only interested in implementation of the theory, we provide a section that summarizes the relevant formulas.
C1 [Li, Mingdong; Guha, Suvajyoti; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Li, Mingdong; Guha, Suvajyoti; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Li, Mingdong; Guha, Suvajyoti; Zangmeister, Rebecca; Tarlov, Michael J.; Zachariah, Michael R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Zachariah, MR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, 2125 Martin Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM mrz@umd.edu
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Li, Mingdong/G-6957-2014; Zangmeister,
Rebecca/D-6641-2017;
OI Li, Mingdong/0000-0001-5890-7156; Zangmeister,
Rebecca/0000-0002-0540-6240; Guha, Suvajyoti/0000-0002-7622-2721
NR 33
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 10
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0278-6826
J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH
JI Aerosol Sci. Technol.
PY 2011
VL 45
IS 7
BP 849
EP 860
DI 10.1080/02786826.2011.566901
PG 12
WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences;
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
GA 764UO
UT WOS:000290660000007
ER
PT S
AU Esh, D
Philip, J
Snyder, K
AF Esh, D.
Philip, J.
Snyder, K.
BE LHostis, V
Philipose, K
Gens, R
Galle, C
TI Performance assessments insights on the use of cements in waste
management
SO AMP 2010 - INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON AGEING MANAGEMENT OF NUCLEAR POWER
PLANTS AND WASTE DISPOSAL STRUCTURES (EFC EVENT 334)
SE EPJ Web of Conferences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Workshop on Ageing Management of Nuclear Power Plants and
Waste Disposal Structures (AMP)
CY NOV 07-10, 2010
CL Toronto, CANADA
SP Atom Energy Canada Ltd (AECL), Commissariat Energie Atomique & Energies Alternat (CEA)
AB The use of cementitious materials has been proposed in a variety of waste management systems because these materials can have a variety of desirable performance characteristics: hydraulic isolation, chemical isolation, structural stability. Cementitious barriers are commonly engineered with a goal of achieving the highest quality material possible (e.g. minimizing hydraulic conductivity, porosity, tortuosity, diffusivity). However, a single performance goal may not be optimum when practical considerations of designs and performance characteristics are considered simultaneously. In addition, laboratory-scale optimized designs may have field-scale characteristics that are less than ideal.
C1 [Esh, D.; Philip, J.] US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Washington, DC 20555 USA.
[Snyder, K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Esh, D (reprint author), US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Washington, DC 20555 USA.
EM david.esh@nrc.gov
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU E D P SCIENCES
PI CEDEX A
PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A,
FRANCE
SN 2100-014X
J9 EPJ WEB CONF
PY 2011
VL 12
AR 04001
DI 10.1051/epjconf/20111204001
PG 10
WC Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Nuclear Science & Technology
GA BAX16
UT WOS:000305915300013
ER
PT J
AU Staymates, ME
Smith, WJ
Windsor, E
AF Staymates, Matthew E.
Smith, Wayne J.
Windsor, Eric
TI Thermal desorption and vapor transport characteristics in an explosive
trace detector
SO ANALYST
LA English
DT Article
ID HOMELAND SECURITY
AB Swipe-based explosive trace detectors rely on thermal desorption to vaporize explosive particles collected on a swipe. The vaporized material is carried by air flows from the desorption unit to the inlet of the chemical analyzer, typically an ion mobility spectrometer. We have observed that the amount of explosives detected from a swipe varies with the physical location of explosives collected on the swipe. There are two issues that may contribute to this effect: inhomogeneous or insufficient heating of the swipe during desorption and low velocity air flows that inefficiently transport desorbed vapor during the instruments analysis time. To better characterize this effect, we have simulated the air movements within a generic desorption unit using commercially available computational fluid dynamics software. Simulations are three dimensional, symmetric and solved under steady, laminar flow conditions. The calculated velocity field correlates directly with experimental detector response to the high explosive RDX. Results suggest that the limiting factor in this model thermal desorption unit is the flow-field around the swipe and flow rate into the detector, rather than heat transfer to the swipe itself. Buoyancy effects due to heating dominate the flow-field and produce a vertical bulk fluid motion within the domain that opposes much of the flow drawn into the analyzer.
C1 [Staymates, Matthew E.; Windsor, Eric] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Smith, Wayne J.] DDL Omni Engn Corp, Mclean, VA USA.
RP Staymates, ME (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM matthew.staymates@nist.gov
FU Department of Homeland Security Science & Technology Directorate;
National Institute of Standards and Technology
FX The Department of Homeland Security Science & Technology Directorate
sponsored the production of this work under an interagency agreement
with the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
NR 13
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 6
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 0003-2654
J9 ANALYST
JI Analyst
PY 2011
VL 136
IS 19
BP 3967
EP 3972
DI 10.1039/c1an15340d
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA 826EB
UT WOS:000295333100018
PM 21837352
ER
PT J
AU Guenther, FR
Possolo, A
AF Guenther, Franklin R.
Possolo, Antonio
TI Calibration and uncertainty assessment for certified reference gas
mixtures
SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Calibration; Gas mixture; Certified reference material;
Errors-in-variables; Generalized least squares; Maximum likelihood;
Statistical bootstrap; Outliers; Coverage intervals
AB The weighted least squares method to build an analysis function described in ISO 6143, Gas analysis-Comparison methods for determining and checking the composition of calibration gas mixtures, is modified to take into account the typically small number of instrumental readings that are obtained for each primary standard gas mixture used in calibration. The theoretical basis for this modification is explained, and its superior performance is illustrated in a simulation study built around a concrete example, using real data. The corresponding uncertainty assessment is obtained by application of a Monte Carlo method consistent with the guidance in the Supplement 1 to the Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement, which avoids the need for two successive applications of the linearizing approximation of the conventional method for uncertainty propagation. The three main steps that NIST currently uses to certify a reference gas mixture (homogeneity study, calibration, and assignment of value and uncertainty assessment), are described and illustrated using data pertaining to an actual standard reference material.
C1 [Possolo, Antonio] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Guenther, Franklin R.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Analyt Chem, Gas Metrol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Possolo, A (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Stat Engn Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8980, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM franklin.guenther@nist.gov; antonio.possolo@nist.gov
NR 31
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 6
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1618-2642
J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 399
IS 1
BP 489
EP 500
DI 10.1007/s00216-010-4379-z
PG 12
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA 700YJ
UT WOS:000285781200046
PM 21072506
ER
PT J
AU Zeisler, R
Paul, RL
Spatz, RO
Yu, LL
Mann, JL
Kelly, WR
Lang, BE
Leigh, SD
Fagan, J
AF Zeisler, R.
Paul, R. L.
Spatz, R. Oflaz
Yu, L. L.
Mann, J. L.
Kelly, W. R.
Lang, B. E.
Leigh, S. D.
Fagan, J.
TI Elemental analysis of a single-wall carbon nanotube candidate reference
material
SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Carius tube digestion; Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry;
Instrumental neutron activation analysis; Prompt gamma activation
analysis; Rare earth elements; Value assignment
ID RAY ACTIVATION-ANALYSIS; SPECTROMETRY; NIST
AB A material containing single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with other carbon species, catalyst residues, and trace element contaminants has been prepared by the National Institute of Standards and Technology for characterization and distribution as Standard Reference Material SRM 2483 Carbon Nanotube Soot. Neutron activation analysis (NAA) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were selected to characterize the elemental composition. Catalyst residues at percentage mass fraction level were determined with independent NAA procedures and a number of trace elements, including selected rare earth elements, were determined with NAA and ICP-MS procedures. The results of the investigated materials agreed well among the NAA and ICP-MS procedures and good agreement of measured values with certified values was found in selected SRMs included in the analyses. Based on this work mass fraction values for catalyst and trace elements were assigned to the candidate SRM.
C1 [Zeisler, R.; Paul, R. L.; Spatz, R. Oflaz; Yu, L. L.; Mann, J. L.; Kelly, W. R.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Lang, B. E.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Leigh, S. D.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Fagan, J.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Zeisler, R (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM rolf.zeisler@nist.gov
RI Yu, Lee/N-7263-2015
OI Yu, Lee/0000-0002-8043-6853
NR 17
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 3
U2 19
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1618-2642
EI 1618-2650
J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 399
IS 1
BP 509
EP 517
DI 10.1007/s00216-010-4275-6
PG 9
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA 700YJ
UT WOS:000285781200048
PM 20953769
ER
PT J
AU Phinney, KW
Rimmer, CA
Thomas, JB
Sander, LC
Sharpless, KE
Wise, SA
AF Phinney, Karen W.
Rimmer, Catherine A.
Thomas, Jeanice Brown
Sander, Lane C.
Sharpless, Katherine E.
Wise, Stephen A.
TI Isotope Dilution Liquid Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry Methods for
Fat- and Water-Soluble Vitamins in Nutritional Formulations
SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID DIETARY-SUPPLEMENTS; MULTIVITAMIN/MULTIELEMENT TABLETS; FLUORESCENCE
DETECTION; MULTIVITAMIN TABLETS; B-VITAMINS; FOODS; MINERALS; PREMIXES
AB Vitamins are essential to human health, and dietary supplements containing vitamins are widely used by individuals hoping to ensure they have adequate intake of these important nutrients. Measurement of vitamins in nutritional formulations is necessary to monitor regulatory compliance and in studies examining the nutrient intake of specific populations. Liquid chromatographic methods, primarily with UV absorbance detection, are well established for both fat- and water-soluble measurements, but they do have limitations for certain analytes and may suffer from a lack of specificity in complex matrices. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) provides both sensitivity and specificity for the determination of vitamins in these matrices, and simultaneous analysis of multiple vitamins in a single analysis is often possible. In this work, LC-MS methods were developed for both fat- and water-soluble vitamins and applied to the measurement of these analytes in two NIST Standard Reference Materials. When possible, stable isotope labeled internal standards were employed for quantification.
C1 [Phinney, Karen W.; Rimmer, Catherine A.; Thomas, Jeanice Brown; Sander, Lane C.; Sharpless, Katherine E.; Wise, Stephen A.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Phinney, KW (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
OI Sharpless, Katherine/0000-0001-6569-198X
FU National Institute of Standards and Technology
FX Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified
in this paper to specify adequately the experimental procedure. Such
identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the
National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that
the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available
for the purpose.
NR 41
TC 14
Z9 17
U1 1
U2 18
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0003-2700
J9 ANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Chem.
PD JAN 1
PY 2011
VL 83
IS 1
BP 92
EP 98
DI 10.1021/ac101950r
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA 698DB
UT WOS:000285570600015
PM 21117618
ER
PT J
AU Sander, LC
Sharpless, KE
Wise, SA
Nelson, BC
Phinney, KW
Porter, BJ
Rimmer, CA
Thomas, JB
Wood, LJ
Yen, JH
Duewer, DL
Atkinson, R
Chen, P
Goldschmidt, R
Wolf, WR
Ho, IP
Betz, JM
AF Sander, L. C.
Sharpless, K. E.
Wise, S. A.
Nelson, B. C.
Phinney, K. W.
Porter, B. J.
Rimmer, C. A.
Thomas, J. B.
Wood, L. J.
Yen, J. H.
Duewer, D. L.
Atkinson, R.
Chen, P.
Goldschmidt, R.
Wolf, W. R.
Ho, I. -P.
Betz, J. M.
TI Certification of Vitamins and Carotenoids in SRM 3280
Multivitamin/Multielement Tablets
SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS; TANDEM
MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ISOTOPE DILUTION ASSAYS; WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS;
DIETARY-SUPPLEMENTS; PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS; PYRIDOXINE
HYDROCHLORIDE; FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; MULTIVITAMIN TABLETS
AB A new multivitamin/multielement dietary supplement Standard Reference Material (SRM) has been issued by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), with certified and reference concentration values for 13 vitamins, 24 elements, and 2 carotenoids. The constituents have been measured by multiple analytical methods with data contributed by NIST and by collaborating laboratories. This effort included the first use of isotope dilution mass spectrometry for value assignment of both fat-soluble vitamins (FSVs) and water-soluble vitamins (WSVs). Excellent agreement was obtained among the methods, with relative expanded uncertainties for the certified concentration values typically ranging from <2% to 15% for vitamins.
C1 [Sander, L. C.; Sharpless, K. E.; Wise, S. A.; Phinney, K. W.; Porter, B. J.; Rimmer, C. A.; Thomas, J. B.; Wood, L. J.; Duewer, D. L.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Nelson, B. C.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Yen, J. H.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Atkinson, R.; Chen, P.; Goldschmidt, R.; Wolf, W. R.] USDA, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
[Ho, I. -P.] GMA, Washington, DC 20005 USA.
[Betz, J. M.] NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
RP Sander, LC (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8311, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
FU National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements; National
Institute of Standards and Technology
FX Partial funding for this work was provided by the National Institutes of
Health, Office of Dietary Supplements. Certain commercial equipment,
instruments, or materials are identified in this report to specify
adequately the experimental procedure. Such identification does not
imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of
Standards and Technology or other governmental agency, nor does it imply
that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best
available for the purpose.
NR 36
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0003-2700
J9 ANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Chem.
PD JAN 1
PY 2011
VL 83
IS 1
BP 99
EP 108
DI 10.1021/ac101953u
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA 698DB
UT WOS:000285570600016
PM 21128589
ER
PT J
AU Paul, RL
AF Paul, Rick L.
TI Evaluation of Radiochemical Neutron Activation Analysis Methods for
Determination of Arsenic in Biological Materials
SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIAL
AB Radiochemical neutron activation analysis (RNAA) with retention on hydrated manganese dioxide (HMD) has played a key role in the certification of As in biological materials at NIST. Although this method provides very high and reproducible yields and detection limits at low microgram/kilogram levels, counting geometry uncertainties may arise from unequal distribution of As in the HMD, and arsenic detection limits may not be optimal due to significant retention of other elements. An alternate RNAA procedure with separation of arsenic by solvent extraction has been investigated. After digestion of samples in nitric and perchloric acids, As(III) is extracted from 2 M sulfuric acid solution into a solution of zinc diethyldithiocarbatnate in chloroform. Counting of (76)As allows quantitation of arsenic. Addition of an (77)As tracer solution prior to dissolution allows correction for chemical yield and counting geometries, further improving reproducibility. The HMD and solvent extraction procedures for arsenic were compared through analysis of SRMs 1577c (bovine liver), 1547 (peach leaves), and 1575a (pine needles). Both methods gave As results in agreement with certified values with comparable reproducibility. However, the solvent extraction method yields a factor of 3 improvement in detection limits and is less time-consuming than the HMI) method. The new method shows great promise for use in As certification in reference materials.
C1 NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Paul, RL (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM rick.paul@nist.gov
NR 9
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 10
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0003-2700
J9 ANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Chem.
PD JAN 1
PY 2011
VL 83
IS 1
BP 152
EP 156
DI 10.1021/ac102073h
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA 698DB
UT WOS:000285570600022
PM 21133431
ER
PT J
AU Guo, ZY
Wu, H
Srinivas, G
Zhou, YM
Xiang, SC
Chen, ZX
Yang, YT
Zhou, W
O'Keeffe, M
Chen, BL
AF Guo, Zhiyong
Wu, Hui
Srinivas, Gadipelli
Zhou, Yaming
Xiang, Shengchang
Chen, Zhenxia
Yang, Yongtai
Zhou, Wei
O'Keeffe, Michael
Chen, Banglin
TI A Metal-Organic Framework with Optimized Open Metal Sites and Pore
Spaces for High Methane Storage at Room Temperature
SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
LA English
DT Article
DE methane storage; microporous materials; molecular recognition; open
metal sites; organic-inorganic hybrid composites
ID HIGH-CAPACITY; GAS-STORAGE; DESIGN; RECOGNITION; ACETYLENE; HYDROGEN;
SORPTION; UPTAKES
C1 [Guo, Zhiyong; Xiang, Shengchang; Chen, Banglin] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA.
[Wu, Hui; Srinivas, Gadipelli; Zhou, Wei] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Srinivas, Gadipelli] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[Zhou, Yaming; Chen, Zhenxia; Yang, Yongtai] Fudan Univ, Dept Chem, Shanghai, Peoples R China.
[O'Keeffe, Michael] Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
RP Chen, BL (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA.
EM wzhou@nist.gov; banglin.chen@utsa.edu
RI Chen, Zhenxia/I-5553-2012; Chen, Banglin/F-5461-2010; Zhou,
Wei/C-6504-2008; Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Xiang, Shengchang/F-9210-2010;
Gadipelli, Srinivas/A-8622-2010; Guo, Zhiyong/L-5541-2014
OI Chen, Zhenxia/0000-0001-8307-4184; Chen, Banglin/0000-0001-8707-8115;
Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Xiang,
Shengchang/0000-0001-6016-2587; Gadipelli, Srinivas/0000-0002-1362-6905;
FU NSF [CHE 0718281]; Welch Foundation [AX-1730]
FX This work was supported by the award CHE 0718281 from the NSF and
AX-1730 from the Welch Foundation (B.C.).
NR 49
TC 204
Z9 206
U1 9
U2 88
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 1433-7851
J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT
JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit.
PY 2011
VL 50
IS 14
BP 3178
EP 3181
DI 10.1002/anie.201007583
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 740LR
UT WOS:000288796600009
PM 21374770
ER
PT J
AU Brett, GL
He, Q
Hammond, C
Miedziak, PJ
Dimitratos, N
Sankar, M
Herzing, AA
Conte, M
Lopez-Sanchez, JA
Kiely, CJ
Knight, DW
Taylor, SH
Hutchings, GJ
AF Brett, Gemma L.
He, Qian
Hammond, Ceri
Miedziak, Peter J.
Dimitratos, Nikolaos
Sankar, Meenakshisundaram
Herzing, Andrew A.
Conte, Marco
Lopez-Sanchez, Jose Antonio
Kiely, Christopher J.
Knight, David W.
Taylor, Stuart H.
Hutchings, Graham J.
TI Selective Oxidation of Glycerol by Highly Active Bimetallic Catalysts at
Ambient Temperature under Base-Free Conditions
SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
LA English
DT Article
DE alloys; gold; heterogeneous catalysis; nanoparticles; platinum
ID LIQUID-PHASE OXIDATION; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; GOLD CATALYSTS;
PARTICLE-SIZE; CARBON; PD; NANOPARTICLES; ALCOHOLS
C1 [Brett, Gemma L.; Hammond, Ceri; Miedziak, Peter J.; Dimitratos, Nikolaos; Sankar, Meenakshisundaram; Conte, Marco; Lopez-Sanchez, Jose Antonio; Knight, David W.; Taylor, Stuart H.; Hutchings, Graham J.] Cardiff Univ, Cardiff Catalysis Inst, Sch Chem, Cardiff CF10 3AT, S Glam, Wales.
[He, Qian; Kiely, Christopher J.] Lehigh Univ, Ctr Adv Mat & Nanotechnol, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA.
[Herzing, Andrew A.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Hutchings, GJ (reprint author), Cardiff Univ, Cardiff Catalysis Inst, Sch Chem, Main Bldg,Pk Pl, Cardiff CF10 3AT, S Glam, Wales.
EM hutch@cardiff.ac.uk
RI Herzing, Andrew/D-6239-2012; Sankar, Meenakshisundaram/B-2105-2010;
Dimitratos, Nikolaos/B-8787-2008; lopez-sanchez, jose/E-4689-2011; He,
Qian/J-1277-2014;
OI Sankar, Meenakshisundaram/0000-0002-8732-2226; Dimitratos,
Nikolaos/0000-0002-6620-4335; lopez-sanchez, jose/0000-0003-3064-0140;
Conte, Marco/0000-0002-1399-0344; Taylor, Stuart/0000-0002-1933-4874
FU Sasol company; Technology Strategy Board
FX This work formed part of the Glycerol Challenge. The Sasol company and
the Technology Strategy Board are thanked for their financial support.
This project is co-funded by the Technology Strategy Board's
Collaborative Research and Development programme, following an open
competition. The Technology Strategy Board is an executive body
established by the UK Government to drive innovation.
NR 21
TC 106
Z9 107
U1 5
U2 151
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1433-7851
J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT
JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit.
PY 2011
VL 50
IS 43
BP 10136
EP 10139
DI 10.1002/anie.201101772
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 838GF
UT WOS:000296274700012
PM 21990249
ER
PT J
AU Kauffman, KL
Culp, JT
Allen, AJ
Espinal, L
Wong-Ng, W
Brown, TD
Goodman, A
Bernardo, MP
Pancoast, RJ
Chirdon, D
Matranga, C
AF Kauffman, Kristi L.
Culp, Jeffrey T.
Allen, Andrew J.
Espinal, Laura
Wong-Ng, Winnie
Brown, Thomas D.
Goodman, Angela
Bernardo, Mark P.
Pancoast, Russel J.
Chirdon, Danielle
Matranga, Christopher
TI Selective Adsorption of CO2 from Light Gas Mixtures by Using a
Structurally Dynamic Porous Coordination Polymer
SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
LA English
DT Article
DE IR spectroscopy; metal-organic frameworks; porous coordination polymers;
selectivity; structural dynamics
ID METAL-ORGANIC-FRAMEWORK; CARBON-DIOXIDE; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; CO2/CH4
MIXTURES; SEPARATION; TRANSITIONS; MIL-53; CH4; THERMODYNAMICS;
POLYMORPHISM
C1 [Kauffman, Kristi L.; Culp, Jeffrey T.; Brown, Thomas D.; Goodman, Angela; Bernardo, Mark P.; Pancoast, Russel J.; Chirdon, Danielle; Matranga, Christopher] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA.
[Culp, Jeffrey T.] URS, South Pk, PA 15129 USA.
[Allen, Andrew J.; Espinal, Laura; Wong-Ng, Winnie] NIST, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Matranga, C (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA.
EM christopher.matranga@netl.doe.gov
RI Culp, Jeffrey/B-1219-2010; Matranga, Christopher/E-4741-2015
OI Culp, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7422-052X; Matranga,
Christopher/0000-0001-7082-5938
FU National Energy Technology Laboratory [DE-FE0004000]; National Science
Foundation [DMR-0454672]
FX This work was performed in support of the National Energy Technology
Laboratory's ongoing research in CO2 capture under the RES
contract DE-FE0004000 and has utilized neutron scattering facilities
supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No.
DMR-0454672. Reference in this work to any specific commercial product
is to facilitate understanding and does not necessarily imply
endorsement by the United States Department of Energy. Certain
commercial materials and equipment are identified in this paper only to
specify adequately the experimental procedure. In no case does such
identification imply recommendation by NIST nor does it imply that the
material or equipment identified is necessarily the best available for
this purpose. The authors thank Juscelino Leao, Wendy Queen, and Craig
Brown of the NIST Center for Neutron Research and Martin Green of NIST
Ceramics Division for their valuable technical discussions and
contributions.
NR 49
TC 32
Z9 32
U1 1
U2 55
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1433-7851
J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT
JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit.
PY 2011
VL 50
IS 46
BP 10888
EP 10892
DI 10.1002/anie.201104130
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 851ZY
UT WOS:000297312600024
PM 22002810
ER
PT S
AU Ihde, TF
Wilberg, MJ
Secor, DH
Miller, TJ
AF Ihde, Thomas F.
Wilberg, Michael J.
Secor, David H.
Miller, Thomas J.
BE Beard, TD
Arlinghaus, R
Sutton, SG
TI FishSmart: Harnessing the Knowledge of Stakeholders to Enhance US Marine
Recreational Fisheries with Application to the Atlantic King Mackerel
Fishery
SO ANGLER IN THE ENVIRONMENT: SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, BIOLOGICAL, AND ETHICAL
DEMENSIONS
SE American Fisheries Society Symposium
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 5th World Recreational Fishing Conference (WRFC)
CY NOV 10-12, 2008
CL Int Game Fish Assoc, Fish Hall Fame & Museum, Dania Beach, FL
SP Int Game Fish Assoc
HO Int Game Fish Assoc, Fish Hall Fame & Museum
ID SOUTH EAST FISHERY; GULF-OF-MEXICO; SCOMBEROMORUS-CAVALLA;
UNITED-STATES; MANAGEMENT TOOLS; SPORT FISHERIES; POPULATIONS;
STRATEGIES; TRENDS; CANADA
AB Despite widespread recognition of the importance of including stakeholders in management decisions for fisheries, an integrated process for broadening stakeholder involvement in the management of marine fisheries in the United States is lacking. Many marine recreational fishery stakeholders feel frustrated by a perceived lack of inclusion in the management process. Here, we describe a collaborative, integrated process between scientists and stakeholders, called "FishSmart," which complements current management by informing fishery managers of stakeholder preferences for alternative management strategies. Strategies were designed by the stakeholders to improve the status of the king mackerel Scomberomorus cavalla fishery off the southeastern coast of the United States, relative to their shared vision of an improved fishery. Over the course of four facilitated workshops, stakeholders explored and compared the consequences of voluntary and regulatory fishery management strategies, using a decision analysis model developed by project scientists. Goals identified by stakeholders included maintaining high and stable catches and retaining year-round access and the ability to catch large fish. Options modeled included both voluntary changes in fishing practices and mandatory regulations. Stakeholders agreed that status quo management options were not sufficient to ensure sustainability in the Atlantic king mackerel fishery and developed a suite of 18 consensus recommendations of how to best meet their shared vision of a quality fishery.
C1 [Ihde, Thomas F.; Wilberg, Michael J.; Secor, David H.; Miller, Thomas J.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, POB 38, Solomons, MD 20688 USA.
RP Ihde, TF (reprint author), NOAA, Chesapeake Bay Off, 410 Severn Ave,Suite 107A, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA.
EM tom.ihde@noaa.gov
OI Miller, Thomas/0000-0001-8427-1614
FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; University of Maryland Center for
Environmental Science Chesapeake Biological Laboratory
FX Support for this research was provided by the Gordon and Betty Moore
Foundation and the University of Maryland Center for Environmental
Science Chesapeake Biological Laboratory. We thank Mike Nussman and the
American Sportfishing Association for conceiving FishSmart. We
particularly appreciate the invaluable participation and input of the
stake-holders in the workgroup process and the efforts of the Steering
Committee in helping design and conduct the process. The Florida
Conflict Resolution Consortium assisted greatly by facilitating the
workgroup meetings. Additionally, we thank the king mackerel stock
assessment team and the Marine Recreational Information Program (MRIP)
for providing assessment results and data. We also thank Nadine Marshall
and an anonymous reviewer whose thoughtful suggestions have improved
this manuscript, as well as Dave Loewensteiner, who provided assistance
with data summarization and Tina Stockton, who provided invaluable
logistical support for stakeholder meetings. This is contribution number
4378 of the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science
Chesapeake Biological Laboratory.
NR 42
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0892-2284
BN 978-1-934874-24-0
J9 AM FISH S S
JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp.
PY 2011
VL 75
BP 75
EP 93
PG 19
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA BG9QU
UT WOS:000393632400005
ER
PT S
AU Liese, C
Carter, DW
AF Liese, Christopher
Carter, David W.
BE Beard, TD
Arlinghaus, R
Sutton, SG
TI Collecting Economic Data from the For-Hire Fishing Sector: Lessons from
a Cost and Earnings Survey of the Southeast US Charter Boat Industry
SO ANGLER IN THE ENVIRONMENT: SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, BIOLOGICAL, AND ETHICAL
DEMENSIONS
SE American Fisheries Society Symposium
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 5th World Recreational Fishing Conference (WRFC)
CY NOV 10-12, 2008
CL Int Game Fish Assoc, Fish Hall Fame & Museum, Dania Beach, FL
SP Int Game Fish Assoc
HO Int Game Fish Assoc, Fish Hall Fame & Museum
AB This chapter examines the methodological challenges associated with collecting economic data from the for-hire fishing sector. A cost and earnings survey of charter boat operators in the Southeast United States serves as a case study. In the case study, a telephone survey was used to collect information about individual trips and a mail survey was used to collect complementary data about annual expenses. The results of the case study are used in the discussion of economic data requirements and survey methodology most applicable to the charter boat industry. Recommendations are provided for improving the design of surveys to collect economic data from the for-hire sector.
C1 [Liese, Christopher; Carter, David W.] NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Liese, C (reprint author), NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM christopher.liese@noaa.gov
NR 13
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0892-2284
BN 978-1-934874-24-0
J9 AM FISH S S
JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp.
PY 2011
VL 75
BP 279
EP 292
PG 14
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA BG9QU
UT WOS:000393632400017
ER
PT J
AU Sergienko, OV
Hulbe, CL
AF Sergienko, Olga V.
Hulbe, Christina L.
TI 'Sticky spots' and subglacial lakes under ice streams of the Siple
Coast, Antarctica
SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID WEST ANTARCTICA; WATER-FLOW; BENEATH; SHEET; MECHANISM; SYSTEM; FLOODS;
MODEL
AB Locations of subglacial lakes discovered under fast-moving West Antarctic ice streams tend to be associated with topographic features of the subglacial bed or with areas that have strong variations in basal conditions. Inversion of ice-stream surface velocity indicates that basal conditions under ice streams can be highly variable and that there can be widespread regions where basal traction is high. To seek an explanation for why lakes appear to be sited near areas with high basal traction, we use numerical models to simulate ice-stream dynamics, thermodynamics and subglacial water flow. We demonstrate that the ice flow over high basal traction areas produces favourable conditions for the ponding of meltwater. Energy dissipation associated with ice sliding over a region with high basal traction constitutes a water source supplying a lake, and ice-thickness perturbations induced by ice flow over variable traction create local minima in hydraulic potential. Variations in thermodynamic processes caused by such ice flow could be responsible for limiting the horizontal extent of the subglacial lakes.
C1 [Sergienko, Olga V.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
[Hulbe, Christina L.] Portland State Univ, Dept Geol, Portland, OR 97201 USA.
RP Sergienko, OV (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
EM osergien@princeton.edu
FU US National Science Foundation [OPP-0838811, ARC-0934534]
FX This study is supported by US National Science Foundation grants
OPP-0838811 and ARC-0934534. We thank D. MacAyeal and two anonymous
reviewers for valuable comments and constructive criticism.
NR 29
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 2
U2 19
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND
SN 0260-3055
EI 1727-5644
J9 ANN GLACIOL
JI Ann. Glaciol.
PY 2011
VL 52
IS 58
BP 18
EP 22
PG 5
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 804UX
UT WOS:000293680600003
ER
PT J
AU MacAyeal, DR
Abbot, DS
Sergienko, OV
AF MacAyeal, Douglas R.
Abbot, Dorian S.
Sergienko, Olga V.
TI Iceberg-capsize tsunamigenesis
SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID TSUNAMIS; DISLOCATIONS; LANDSLIDES
AB Calving from the floating termini of outlet glaciers and ice shelves is just the beginning of an interesting chain of events that can subsequently have important impacts on human life and property. Immediately after calving, many icebergs capsize (roll over by 90 degrees) due to the instability of their initial geometry. As icebergs melt and respond to the cumulative effects of ocean swell, they can also reorient their mass distribution by further capsize and fragmentation. These processes release gravitational potential energy and can produce impulsive large-amplitude surface-gravity waves known as tsunamis (a term derived from the Japanese language). Iceberg-capsize tsunamis in Greenland fjords can be of sufficient amplitude to threaten human life and cause destruction of property in settlements. Iceberg-capsize tsunamis may also have a role in determining why some ice shelves along the Antarctic Peninsula disintegrate 'explosively' in response to general environmental warming. To quantify iceberg tsunami hazards we investigate iceberg-capsize energetics, and develop a rule relating tsunami height to iceberg thickness. This rule suggests that the open-water tsunami height (located far from the iceberg and from shorelines where the height can be amplified) has an upper limit of 0.01 H where H is the initial vertical dimension of the iceberg.
C1 [MacAyeal, Douglas R.; Abbot, Dorian S.] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
[Sergienko, Olga V.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
RP MacAyeal, DR (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, 5734 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
EM drm7@uchicago.edu
RI Abbot, Dorian/J-6352-2012;
OI MacAyeal, Douglas/0000-0003-0647-6176
FU US National Science Foundation [ANT-0944193, OPP-0838811, CMG-0934534];
University of Chicago; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research
FX This work is supported by the US National Science Foundation under
grants ANT-0944193, OPP-0838811 and CMG-0934534. D.S.A. was supported by
the T.C. Chamberlin Fellowship of the University of Chicago and the
Canadian Institute for Advanced Research. We thank E. Okal, J. Bassis,
M. Cathles, N. Guttenberg, J. Burton, W. Zhang and especially J.
Amundson, whose time-lapse videos of Greenlandic iceberg capsize
inspired this work. The reviews of P. Bartelt, M. Naaim, an anonymous
referee and the internal review provided by J. Amundson led to
improvements in the paper.
NR 22
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 2
U2 17
PU INT GLACIOL SOC
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND
SN 0260-3055
J9 ANN GLACIOL
JI Ann. Glaciol.
PY 2011
VL 52
IS 58
BP 51
EP 56
PG 6
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 804UX
UT WOS:000293680600008
ER
PT J
AU Farrell, SL
Markus, T
Kwok, R
Connor, L
AF Farrell, Sinead L.
Markus, Thorsten
Kwok, Ron
Connor, Laurence
TI Laser altimetry sampling strategies over sea ice
SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
AB With the conclusion of the science phase of the Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) mission in late 2009, and the planned launch of ICESat-2 in late 2015, NASA has recently established the Ice Bridge program to provide continuity between missions. A major goal of Ice Bridge is to obtain a sea-ice thickness time series via airborne surveys over the Arctic and Southern Oceans. Typically two laser altimeters; the Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM) and the Land, Vegetation and Ice Sensor (LVIS), are utilized during Ice Bridge flights. Using laser altimetry simulations of conventional analogue systems such as ICESat, LVIS and ATM, with the multi-beam system proposed for ICESat-2, we investigate differences in measurements gathered at varying spatial resolutions and the impact on sea-ice freeboard. We assess the ability of each system to reproduce the elevation distributions of two sea-ice models and discuss potential biases in lead detection and sea-surface elevation, arising from variable footprint size and spacing. The conventional systems accurately reproduce mean freeboard over 25 km length scales, while ICESat-2 offers considerable improvements over its predecessor ICESat. In particular, its dense along-track sampling of the surface will allow flexibility in the algorithmic approaches taken to optimize the signal-to-noise ratio for accurate and precise freeboard retrieval.
C1 [Farrell, Sinead L.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Farrell, Sinead L.; Markus, Thorsten] NASA, Cryospher Sci Branch, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Kwok, Ron] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Farrell, Sinead L.; Connor, Laurence] NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Farrell, SL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
EM sineadf@umd.edu
RI Farrell, Sinead/F-5586-2010; Connor, Laurence/E-7930-2011; Kwok,
Ron/A-9762-2008; Markus, Thorsten/D-5365-2012; Beckley,
Matthew/D-4547-2013
OI Farrell, Sinead/0000-0003-3222-2751; Connor,
Laurence/0000-0002-5276-6257; Kwok, Ron/0000-0003-4051-5896;
FU NASA
FX We acknowledge the efforts of the NASA ATM research team for their
expertise and assistance with ATM data processing. We thank J.M. Kuhn
for technical assistance with the model set-up and data simulations,
D.C. McAdoo for helpful discussions and review of the manuscript, and
two anonymous reviewers, whose comments contributed significantly to the
clarity of the paper. This work was supported under the NASA Cryospheric
Sciences Program.
NR 20
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 11
PU INT GLACIOL SOC
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND
SN 0260-3055
EI 1727-5644
J9 ANN GLACIOL
JI Ann. Glaciol.
PY 2011
VL 52
IS 57
BP 69
EP 76
PN 1
PG 8
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 751ZB
UT WOS:000289655600009
ER
PT S
AU Hofmann, EE
Cahill, B
Fennel, K
Friedrichs, MAM
Hyde, K
Lee, C
Mannino, A
Najjar, RG
O'Reilly, JE
Wilkin, J
Xue, JH
AF Hofmann, Eileen E.
Cahill, Bronwyn
Fennel, Katja
Friedrichs, Marjorie A. M.
Hyde, Kimberly
Lee, Cindy
Mannino, Antonio
Najjar, Raymond G.
O'Reilly, John E.
Wilkin, John
Xue, Jianhong
BE Carlson, CA
Giovannoni, SJ
TI Modeling the Dynamics of Continental Shelf Carbon
SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE, VOL 3
SE Annual Review of Marine Science
LA English
DT Review; Book Chapter
DE carbon cycling; continental shelf; coupled circulation-biogeochemical
models; model-data comparisons; data assimilation; biogeochemical model
initialization
ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; SUBMARINE GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE; CALIFORNIA
CURRENT SYSTEM; SOUTHEASTERN BERING SEA; NORTH-ATLANTIC; GAS-EXCHANGE;
ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; PERMEABLE SEDIMENTS;
INORGANIC NITROGEN
AB Continental margin systems are important contributors to global nutrient and carbon budgets. Effort is needed to quantify this contribution and how it will be modified under changing patterns of climate and land use. Coupled models will be used to provide projections of future states of continental margin systems. Thus, it is appropriate to consider the limitations that impede the development of realistic models. Here, we provide an overview of the current state of modeling carbon cycling on continental margins as well as the processes and issues that provide the next challenges to such models. Our overview is done within the context of a coupled circulation-biogeochemical model developed for the northeastern North American continental shelf region. Particular choices of forcing and initial fields and process parameterizations are used to illustrate the consequences for simulated distributions, as revealed by comparisons to observations using quantitative statistical metrics.
C1 [Hofmann, Eileen E.] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA.
[Cahill, Bronwyn; Wilkin, John] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.
[Fennel, Katja] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada.
[Friedrichs, Marjorie A. M.; Xue, Jianhong] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA.
[Hyde, Kimberly; O'Reilly, John E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
[Lee, Cindy] SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
[Mannino, Antonio] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Najjar, Raymond G.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Xue, Jianhong] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA.
RP Hofmann, EE (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA.
EM hofmann@ccpo.odu.edu; bronwyn@marine.rutgers.edu; katja.fennel@dal.ca;
marjy@vims.edu; kimberly.hyde@noaa.gov; cindy.lee@sunysb.edu;
antonio.mannino@nasa.gov; najjar@meteo.psu.edu; jay.oreilly@noaa.gov;
wilkin@marine.rutgers.edu; jxue@mail.utexas.edu
RI Fennel, Katja/A-7470-2009; Wilkin, John/E-5343-2011; Lee,
Cindy/B-1456-2009; Mannino, Antonio/I-3633-2014;
OI Fennel, Katja/0000-0003-3170-2331; Wilkin, John/0000-0002-5444-9466;
Lee, Cindy/0000-0002-7608-6213; Friedrichs, Marjorie/0000-0003-2828-7595
NR 133
TC 32
Z9 33
U1 3
U2 48
PU ANNUAL REVIEWS
PI PALO ALTO
PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA
SN 1941-1405
BN 978-0-8243-4503-7
J9 ANNU REV MAR SCI
JI Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci.
PY 2011
VL 3
BP 93
EP 122
DI 10.1146/annurev-marine-120709-142740
PG 30
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA BTE33
UT WOS:000286638700004
PM 21329200
ER
PT B
AU Simiu, E
Potra, FA
Duthinh, D
AF Simiu, E.
Potra, F. A.
Duthinh, D.
BE Faber, MH
Kohler, J
Nishijima, K
TI Methodological and probabilistic issues in multi-hazard engineering
design
SO APPLICATIONS OF STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 11th International Conference on Applications of Statistics and
Probability in Civil Engineering (IC ASP)
CY AUG 01-04, 2011
CL Zurich, SWITZERLAND
SP BKW FMB Energie AG, Bundesamt Strassen ASTRA, Fed Roads Off, Walt Galmarini AG, Det Norske Veritas AS, ETH Zurich
AB A methodology based on optimization under multiple hazards is proposed as a means of integrating the design so that the greatest possible economy is achieved while satisfying specified safety-related and other constraints. Optimization under N hazards (N>1) imposes m(i) (i = 1, 2,.., N) sets of constraints, all of which are applied simultaneously to the nonlinear programming problem (NLP) associated with the design. Among the applications of the optimization procedure is the reduction of the carbon footprint inherent in the energy embodied in structures via the minimization of an objective cost function that may include the costing of carbon emissions. The paper also discusses probabilistic issues specific to multi-hazard design. For example, the current ASCE 7 Standard does not take into account the fact that failure probabilities of structures in regions exposed to both strong wind hazard and strong earthquake hazard may exceed by a factor of up to two their counterparts in regions exposed to only one of the hazards.
C1 [Simiu, E.; Potra, F. A.; Duthinh, D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Simiu, E (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP
PI BOCA RATON
PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA
BN 978-0-203-14479-4; 978-0-415-66986-3
PY 2011
BP 836
EP 839
PG 4
WC Engineering, Civil; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications;
Statistics & Probability
SC Engineering; Mathematics
GA BG8DO
UT WOS:000392245601043
ER
PT B
AU Banerjee, DK
Simiu, E
Gross, JL
Kacker, R
AF Banerjee, D. K.
Simiu, E.
Gross, J. L.
Kacker, R.
BE Faber, MH
Kohler, J
Nishijima, K
TI A statistical analysis of steel truss temperature data recorded during
fire resistance tests
SO APPLICATIONS OF STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 11th International Conference on Applications of Statistics and
Probability in Civil Engineering (IC ASP)
CY AUG 01-04, 2011
CL Zurich, SWITZERLAND
SP BKW FMB Energie AG, Bundesamt Strassen ASTRA, Fed Roads Off, Walt Galmarini AG, Det Norske Veritas AS, ETH Zurich
AB The performance of composite floor steel trusses in fires is a function of the steel temperatures within the trusses. For any given specified fire and composite system design, the temperatures depend on three factors that vary randomly with position: (1) the thermal behavior of the concrete slab, (2) the thermal behavior of the spray applied fire resistive material (SFRM), and (3) the thickness of the SFRM spray. Models of the dependence of steel truss temperatures on these three factors are needed to predict the temperatures within the truss and, therefore, the performance of the trusses corresponding to those temperatures. To develop the models it is necessary to make use of the measured temperature data. Such measurements were obtained in four Standard Fire Tests (2 full scale and 2 half scale) conducted at the Underwriters Laboratories fire testing facility using two furnaces. The furnaces were heated by 80 individual floor mounted burners following the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) E119 standard time-temperature curve, and furnace temperatures were monitored at 24 locations in the larger furnace and 16 locations in the smaller furnace. Time-temperature data were collected at specific locations along the truss near the top chord, at mid height of the web, and at the bottom chord.
A first step in the development of statistical models for the three factors mentioned earlier is an approximate analysis of the dependence of the influence of thermal mass of the concrete slab on the temperatures recorded at a particular location on the steel truss. The analysis indicates that this influence is small at the level of the lower truss chord. Therefore, the variability of the temperatures at that level can be assumed approximated as due only to the joint effect of the variability of the SFRM properties and thickness. Once the effect of the thermal mass of the slab is understood on the basis of measurements obtained on the lower chord, it is possible to estimate the influence of the thermal mass of the slab on recorded steel temperatures by analyzing data measured close to the slab and at mid-truss level. This estimation requires the subtraction of the effect of the variability of the spray properties and thickness from the total observed variability.
In the present study, experimentally recorded temperature data collected during the fire resistance tests are analyzed to understand the influence of the concrete slab and the spray applied fire resistive material (SFRM) on the temperature profile in the steel truss. It was shown that the effect of the SFRM thickness on steel temperatures was more pronounced at the lower chord than it was at the level of the mid web. The conclusions of this work help to clarify the correlation of the variability in temperature data with the thermal mass of the concrete.
C1 [Banerjee, D. K.; Simiu, E.; Gross, J. L.; Kacker, R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Banerjee, DK (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP
PI BOCA RATON
PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA
BN 978-0-203-14479-4; 978-0-415-66986-3
PY 2011
BP 960
EP 965
PG 6
WC Engineering, Civil; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications;
Statistics & Probability
SC Engineering; Mathematics
GA BG8DO
UT WOS:000392245601058
ER
PT B
AU Phan, LT
Simiu, E
AF Phan, Long T.
Simiu, Emil
BE Faber, MH
Kohler, J
Nishijima, K
TI Estimation of risk for design of structures exposed to combined effects
of hurricane wind speed and storm surge hazards
SO APPLICATIONS OF STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 11th International Conference on Applications of Statistics and
Probability in Civil Engineering (IC ASP)
CY AUG 01-04, 2011
CL Zurich, SWITZERLAND
SP BKW FMB Energie AG, Bundesamt Strassen ASTRA, Fed Roads Off, Walt Galmarini AG, Det Norske Veritas AS, ETH Zurich
ID MODEL
AB Hurricane wind speed and storm surge are coupled phenomena. The effects of these natural hazards on coastal structures are interdependent and are highly influenced by local bathymetry and topography. This paper describes a methodology for estimating risk due to the combined effects of hurricane wind speed/storm surge events with consideration of site specificity. The methodology incorporates state-of-the-art hurricane simulation science, hydrology, probabilistic methods, and structural engineering, and involves the following general steps: (1) simulation of a stochastic set of tracks and characteristics of hurricanes affecting the region of interest, and development from those hurricanes of wind speed time histories at sites affected by those hurricanes, (2) hydrodynamic simulation of the region of interest, using the information of Step 1, and development of corresponding time histories of storm surge heights at those sites, and (3) use of hurricane wind speed and storm surge height data generated in Steps (1) and (2) to develop probabilistic information on joint wind speed/storm surge height events at any specific location, which can be used for estimating the risk due to their combined effects on structures.
C1 [Phan, Long T.; Simiu, Emil] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Phan, LT (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 16
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP
PI BOCA RATON
PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA
BN 978-0-203-14479-4; 978-0-415-66986-3
PY 2011
BP 1967
EP 1974
PG 8
WC Engineering, Civil; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications;
Statistics & Probability
SC Engineering; Mathematics
GA BG8DO
UT WOS:000392245603055
ER
PT B
AU Main, JA
Bao, Y
Sadek, F
Lew, HS
AF Main, J. A.
Bao, Y.
Sadek, F.
Lew, H. S.
BE Faber, MH
Kohler, J
Nishijima, K
TI Experimental and computational assessment of robustness of steel and
reinforced concrete framed buildings
SO APPLICATIONS OF STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 11th International Conference on Applications of Statistics and
Probability in Civil Engineering (IC ASP)
CY AUG 01-04, 2011
CL Zurich, SWITZERLAND
SP BKW FMB Energie AG, Bundesamt Strassen ASTRA, Fed Roads Off, Walt Galmarini AG, Det Norske Veritas AS, ETH Zurich
AB This paper presents an experimental and computational assessment of the performance of full-scale steel and reinforced concrete beam-column assemblies under vertical displacement of a center column, simulating a column removal scenario. The assemblies represent portions of structural framing systems designed as Intermediate Moment Frames (IMFs) for Seismic Design Category C. The steel assembly was designed and detailed in accordance with ANSI/AISC 341-02, using prequalified moment connections specified in FEMA 350, and the concrete assembly was designed and detailed in accordance with ACI 318-02 requirements. Each assembly consists of two beam spans and three columns, and a downward displacement of the center column is imposed until a failure mechanism is formed. The study provides insight into the behavior and failure modes of the assemblies, including the development of catenary action. Both detailed and reduced finite element models are developed to capture the primary response characteristics and failure modes. The reduced models can be analyzed rapidly without loss of accuracy and are implemented in analyses of entire structural systems to assess their vulnerability to disproportionate collapse.
C1 [Main, J. A.; Bao, Y.; Sadek, F.; Lew, H. S.] NIST, Struct Grp, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Main, JA (reprint author), NIST, Struct Grp, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
FU ERDC; Defense Threat Reduction Agency; U.S. Air Force; American
Institute of Steel Construction; Department of Homeland Security
FX The steel assembly tests were carried out at the Engineering Research
and Development Center (ERDC) of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers,
Vicksburg, MI. The concrete assembly tests were carried out at the Bowen
Laboratory of Purdue University. The steel assembly tests were partially
supported by ERDC, the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, the U.S. Air
Force, and the American Institute of Steel Construction, and the
concrete assembly tests were partially supported by the Department of
Homeland Security.
NR 13
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP
PI BOCA RATON
PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA
BN 978-0-203-14479-4; 978-0-415-66986-3
PY 2011
BP 2184
EP 2192
PG 9
WC Engineering, Civil; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications;
Statistics & Probability
SC Engineering; Mathematics
GA BG8DO
UT WOS:000392245604021
ER
PT J
AU Smith, BC
Persson, A
Selander, E
Wikfors, GH
Alix, J
AF Smith, Barry C.
Persson, Agneta
Selander, Erik
Wikfors, Gary H.
Alix, Jennifer
TI Toxin profile change in vegetative cells and pellicle cysts of
Alexandrium fundyense after gut passage in the eastern oyster
Crassostrea virginica
SO AQUATIC BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Alexandrium fundyense; Crassostrea virginica; Dinoflagellate; Toxin;
PST; Pellicle cyst
ID PARALYTIC SHELLFISH POISON; PSP TOXINS; OSTENFELDII DINOPHYCEAE;
TREATMENT OPTIONS; ACTIVATED CARBON; DRINKING-WATER; HARMFUL ALGAE;
HIROSHIMA BAY; DINOFLAGELLATE; SAXITOXIN
AB Vegetative cells and pellicle cysts of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense Balech were fed to the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica Gmelin under controlled conditions. Para lytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) were measured in vegetative cells and pellicle cysts prior to feeding and directly after passage through the oyster alimentary canal and defecation as intact cells. Oysters fed with vegetative cells and those fed with pellicle cysts accumulated toxins. One experimental treatment tested for direct uptake of toxins from the water (oysters and A. fundyense cells were separated by a screen); PSTs were not accumulated from the water by the oysters. There were no significant changes in total, per-cell toxicity after passage through the oyster alimentary canal, suggesting limited transfer of toxins from intact cells to the oysters. However, there were statistically significant changes in the toxin composition of cells following gut passage. Vegetative cells and pellicle cysts from feces had increased amounts of saxitoxin (STX) and decreased amounts of gonyautoxin 4 (GTX4) per cell, compared to amounts prior to gut passage. Following gut passage, pellicle cysts showed better survival in the feces than vegetative cells, which is consistent with the view of pellicle-cyst formation as a successful survival strategy against adverse conditions.
C1 [Smith, Barry C.; Persson, Agneta; Wikfors, Gary H.; Alix, Jennifer] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Milford Lab, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Milford, CT 06460 USA.
[Selander, Erik] Univ Gothenburg, Sven Loven Ctr Marine Res, S-45034 Fiskebackskil, Sweden.
RP Smith, BC (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Milford Lab, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Milford, CT 06460 USA.
EM barry.smith@noaa.gov
FU Langmanska kulturfonden; Oscar and Lili Lamms Foundation for Scientific
Research
FX We thank an anonymous reviewer and P. G. Beninger for helpful comments.
This experiment was performed with a travel grant from Langmanska
kulturfonden and a research grant from Oscar and Lili Lamms Foundation
for Scientific Research to A. P. Mention of trade names does not imply
endorsement.
NR 57
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 4
U2 10
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 1864-7790
J9 AQUAT BIOL
JI Aquat. Biol.
PY 2011
VL 13
IS 2
BP 193
EP 201
DI 10.3354/ab00362
PG 9
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 816TB
UT WOS:000294623900009
ER
PT J
AU Witteveen, BH
Worthy, GAJ
Wynne, KM
Hirons, AC
Andrews, AG
Markel, RW
AF Witteveen, Briana H.
Worthy, Graham A. J.
Wynne, Kate M.
Hirons, Amy C.
Andrews, Alexander G., III
Markel, Russell W.
TI Trophic Levels of North Pacific Humpback Whales (Megaptera novaeangliae)
Through Analysis of Stable Isotopes: Implications on Prey and Resource
Quality
SO AQUATIC MAMMALS
LA English
DT Article
DE North Pacific; prey quality; stable isotopes; trophic level; humpback
whales; Megaptera novaeangliae
ID MARINE MAMMALS; NITROGEN-ISOTOPE; INTRAPOPULATION VARIATION;
PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; CARBON-ISOTOPE; MIXING MODELS; ST-LAWRENCE;
FOOD-CHAINS; TISSUES; DELTA-C-13
AB Trophic levels of 1,105 humpback whales from six geographically and isotopically distinct North Pacific feeding groups were calculated using delta N-15 of humpback whales and regional primary consumers. The overall mean trophic level for North Pacific humpback whales was 3.6 +/- 0.02, indicating a diet of both fish and zooplankton, and, thus, supporting assumptions of humpback whales as generalist predators. The highest mean trophic level was calculated for the north Gulf of Alaska group (4.0 +/- 0.03), while the lowest was found for the Russian and the western Aleutian Islands group (3.3 +/- 0.08). Differences in mean trophic levels suggest that feeding groups differ in the proportion of fish and zooplankton in their diets.
C1 [Witteveen, Briana H.; Worthy, Graham A. J.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA.
[Witteveen, Briana H.; Wynne, Kate M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sea Grant Marine Advisory Program, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA.
[Hirons, Amy C.] Nova SE Univ, Dania, FL 33004 USA.
[Andrews, Alexander G., III] NOAA Fisheries, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
[Markel, Russell W.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
RP Witteveen, BH (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, 4000 Cent Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL 32816 USA.
EM bree.witteveen@alaska.edu
FU NOAA [NA16FX1270]; University of Central Florida (UCF) Board of
Trustees; Office of the Provost, UCF
FX qWe are particularly grateful to all members of the SPLASH steering
committee for their generosity with humpback whale skin samples and
general support of this project. We also thank D. Jenkins, R. Foy, and
J. Roth for technical advice, statistical analysis, and manuscript
suggestions. The staff of the genetics lab at the Southwest Fisheries
Science Center, G. Serra-Valente, K. Robertson, and C. Leduc in
particular, were tremendously helpful with many aspects of sample
retrieval and data sharing. Thank you to E. Falcone at Cascadia Research
Collective for her invaluable assistance with database queries. J.
Seminoff provided samples for stable isotope analysis from the CSCAPE
2006 project. A. Fisk, C. Clark, and J. Thomson provided field and lab
assistance. Support for stable isotope analysis was provided by NOAA
grant # NA16FX1270 awarded to K. Wynne. Additional funding was provided
by the University of Central Florida (UCF) Board of Trustees' Doctoral
Fellowship to BHW and a Research Enhancement Award from the Office of
the Provost, UCF, to GAJW.
NR 78
TC 10
Z9 11
U1 2
U2 20
PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS
PI MOLINE
PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD
CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA
SN 0167-5427
J9 AQUAT MAMM
JI Aquat. Mamm.
PY 2011
VL 37
IS 2
BP 101
EP 110
DI 10.1578/AM.37.2.2011.101
PG 10
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
GA 784ID
UT WOS:000292149400001
ER
PT J
AU Balmer, BC
Wells, RS
Schwacke, LH
Rowles, TK
Hunter, C
Zolman, ES
Townsend, FI
Danielson, B
Westgate, AJ
McLellan, WA
Pabst, DA
AF Balmer, Brian C.
Wells, Randall S.
Schwacke, Lori H.
Rowles, Teri K.
Hunter, Colin
Zolman, Eric S.
Townsend, Forrest I.
Danielson, Barbara
Westgate, Andrew J.
McLellan, William A.
Pabst, D. Ann
TI Evaluation of a Single-Pin, Satellite-Linked Transmitter Deployed on
Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) Along the Coast of Georgia, USA
SO AQUATIC MAMMALS
LA English
DT Article
ID POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; AROCLOR 1268; DIVE
BEHAVIOR; TOXAPHENE; MOVEMENTS; PATTERNS; FLORIDA; FISH
C1 [Balmer, Brian C.; Wells, Randall S.] Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA.
[Balmer, Brian C.; Westgate, Andrew J.; McLellan, William A.; Pabst, D. Ann] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA.
[Schwacke, Lori H.; Zolman, Eric S.] NOAA, Ctr Human Hlth Risks, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
[Rowles, Teri K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20901 USA.
[Hunter, Colin] Sirtrack Tracking Solut, Havelock N, New Zealand.
[Townsend, Forrest I.] Bayside Hosp Anim, Ft Walton Beach, FL 32547 USA.
[Danielson, Barbara] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
RP Balmer, BC (reprint author), Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, 1600 Ken Thompson Pkwy, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA.
EM bbalmer@mote.org
FU NOAA Fisheries
FX This research was funded by NOAA Fisheries. It was conducted under NMFS
Scientific Research Permit Number 932-1905/MA-009526 and IACUC Permit
Number HQ-2009-001. We would like to thank Chris Kochanny and the rest
of the staff of Sirtrack for their hard work in tag development, Wayne
McFee for teeth aging, as well as all of the participants in the
capture-release health assessments.
NR 17
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 3
PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS
PI MOLINE
PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD
CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA
SN 0167-5427
J9 AQUAT MAMM
JI Aquat. Mamm.
PY 2011
VL 37
IS 2
BP 187
EP 192
DI 10.1578/AM.37.2.2011.187
PG 6
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
GA 784ID
UT WOS:000292149400008
ER
PT J
AU Baird, RW
Schorr, GS
Webster, DL
Mahaffy, SD
McSweeney, DJ
Hanson, MB
Andrews, RD
AF Baird, Robin W.
Schorr, Gregory S.
Webster, Daniel L.
Mahaffy, Sabre D.
McSweeney, Daniel J.
Hanson, M. Bradley
Andrews, Russel D.
TI Open-Ocean Movements of a Satellite-Tagged Blainville's Beaked Whale
(Mesoplodon densirostris): Evidence for an Offshore Population in
Hawai'i?
SO AQUATIC MAMMALS
LA English
DT Article
ID KILLER WHALES; PSEUDORCA-CRASSIDENS; ZIPHIUS-CAVIROSTRIS; SITE FIDELITY;
ISLAND; GAS; PATTERNS
C1 [Baird, Robin W.; Schorr, Gregory S.; Webster, Daniel L.; Mahaffy, Sabre D.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA.
[McSweeney, Daniel J.] Wild Whale Res Fdn, Holualoa, HI 96725 USA.
[Hanson, M. Bradley] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Andrews, Russel D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Seward, AK 99664 USA.
[Andrews, Russel D.] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA.
RP Baird, RW (reprint author), Cascadia Res Collect, 218 1-2 W 4th Ave, Olympia, WA 98501 USA.
EM rwbaird@cascadiaresearch.org
FU U.S. Navy via Southwest Fisheries Science Center [N45]; Office of Naval
Research [N000140811203]; Scripps Institution of Oceanography; Alaska
SeaLife Center
FX This research was funded primarily by the U.S. Navy (N45) via a contract
from the Southwest Fisheries Science Center; we thank Jay Barlow for
administering the contract funds. Improvements to the tagging methods
were funded by Office of Naval Research Grant N000140811203. Additional
funds for fieldwork were provided by the Scripps Institution of
Oceanography and the Alaska SeaLife Center. We thank Phoebe Woodworth
from the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center for producing Figure
3, Damon Holzer of the Northwest Fisheries Science Center for GIS
analyses, and two anonymous reviewers for their comments. Tagging was
undertaken under NMFS Scientific Research Permit No. 731-1774.
NR 23
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 8
PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS
PI MOLINE
PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD
CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA
SN 0167-5427
J9 AQUAT MAMM
JI Aquat. Mamm.
PY 2011
VL 37
IS 4
BP 506
EP 511
DI 10.1578/AM.37.4.2011.506
PG 6
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
GA 882DM
UT WOS:000299541700008
ER
PT J
AU Wetz, MS
Paerl, HW
Taylor, JC
Leonard, JA
AF Wetz, Michael S.
Paerl, Hans W.
Taylor, J. Christopher
Leonard, Jeremy A.
TI Environmental controls upon picophytoplankton growth and biomass in a
eutrophic estuary
SO AQUATIC MICROBIAL ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Picophytoplankton; Estuary; Microzooplankton; Mesozooplankton; Trophic
cascade; Nutrients
ID NEUSE RIVER ESTUARY; MICROBIAL FOOD-WEB; SALT-MARSH ESTUARY;
NORTH-CAROLINA; PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH; COMMUNITY-STRUCTURE; TEMPERATE
ESTUARY; DILUTION METHOD; COASTAL WATERS; FLORIDA BAY
AB We assessed the role of top-down versus bottom-up factors in regulating picophytoplankton (PicoP) growth and overall phytoplankton size structure in a eutrophic estuary. PicoP biomass reached an annual maximum in summer/fall and was positively correlated with temperature. Ephemeral blooms (chlorophyll a > 20 mu g l(-1)) of PicoP were observed in the upper and middle regions of the estuary despite inorganic nitrogen concentrations < 1 mu mol l(-1). Nutrient-amended PicoP growth rates were similar to in situ growth rates in the upper estuary, and PicoP biomass was negatively correlated with river-derived inorganic nitrogen concentrations, indicating that regenerated nutrients are a major source of nitrogen supporting PicoP growth. Microzooplankton grazing rates routinely exceeded PicoP growth rates during summer; therefore, grazing must have become uncoupled from PicoP growth on timescales shorter than the interval between grazing experiments (i.e. 2 to 4 wk) for PicoP to have bloomed. Field data point to the possibility of trophic cascades involving copepods, protistan grazers, and phytoplankton as a mechanism for this growth-grazing uncoupling. These and other recent findings indicate that bottom-up factors alone cannot explain the PicoP blooms observed in some estuarine systems and emphasize the need for grazing control studies to better understand the regulation of primary production.
C1 [Wetz, Michael S.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Life Sci, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA.
[Paerl, Hans W.; Leonard, Jeremy A.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA.
[Taylor, J. Christopher] NOAA, Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
RP Wetz, MS (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Life Sci, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA.
EM michael.wetz@tamucc.edu
FU National Research Council; North Carolina Department of Environment and
Natural Resources; Lower Neuse River Basin Association (ModMon);
National Science Foundation [OCE 0726989, 0825466, 0812913]; North
Carolina Sea Grant [R/MER-58]
FX We thank Dr. A. Lewitus and 4 anonymous reviewers for constructive
comments on the manuscript. We thank P. Wyrick, J. Braddy, M. Leonard,
K. Rossignol, L. Kelly, N. Hall, and B. Peierls for technical
assistance. M.S.W. was supported by a National Research Council
postdoctoral fellowship. This research was funded by North Carolina
Department of Environment and Natural Resources and the Lower Neuse
River Basin Association (ModMon), the National Science Foundation
(Projects OCE 0726989, 0825466, 0812913), and the North Carolina Sea
Grant (Project R/MER-58).
NR 50
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 20
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0948-3055
J9 AQUAT MICROB ECOL
JI Aquat. Microb. Ecol.
PY 2011
VL 63
IS 2
BP 133
EP 143
DI 10.3354/ame01488
PG 11
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Microbiology
GA 750WA
UT WOS:000289577600004
ER
PT J
AU Herfort, L
Peterson, TD
McCue, LA
Crump, BC
Prahl, FG
Baptista, AM
Campbell, V
Warnick, R
Selby, M
Roegner, GC
Zuber, P
AF Herfort, Lydie
Peterson, Tawnya D.
McCue, Lee Ann
Crump, Byron C.
Prahl, Fredrick G.
Baptista, Antonio M.
Campbell, Victoria
Warnick, Rachel
Selby, Mikaela
Roegner, G. Curtis
Zuber, Peter
TI Myrionecta rubra population genetic diversity and its cryptophyte
chloroplast specificity in recurrent red tides in the Columbia River
estuary
SO AQUATIC MICROBIAL ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Myrionecta rubra; Red tide; Cryptophyte; Diversity; Columbia River
estuary
ID CILIATE MESODINIUM-RUBRUM; RNA; IDENTIFICATION; PERFORMANCE; MIGRATION;
SEQUENCES; SAMPLES; GROWTH; PREY
AB For several decades, annually recurring blooms of the photosynthetic ciliate Myrionecta rubra have been observed in the Columbia River estuary in late summer. In an effort to understand the dynamics of these blooms, we investigated the genetic variability of M. rubra and its cryptophyte plastids within 3 large estuarine blooms formed in consecutive years (2007 to 2009), and conducted a broader spatial survey along the coasts of Oregon and Washington. Analysis of the '18S-28S' sequences specific for Mesodiniidae uncovered at least 5 variants of M. rubra within the Columbia River coastal margin in spring and summer, but only one of these M. rubra variants was implicated in estuary bloom formation. Using a multigene approach, we show that the bloom-forming variant of M. rubra appears to harbor the same cryptophyte chloroplast in recurring blooms. Analyses of chloroplast 16S rRNA, cryptophyte RuBisCO and Photosystem II D2 genes together suggest that the plastid is derived from Teleaulax amphioxeia. Free-living cells of this species and of other cryptophytes were practically absent from the bloom patches in the estuary main channels based on 18S rDNA sequence analyses. The respectively low and high proportions of T. amphioxeia nuclei and chloroplast signals found in the M. rubra bloom of the Columbia River estuary in successive years supports the notion of an association (either endosymbiosis or kleptoplastidy) between T. amphioxeia and the bloom-forming M. rubra variant, with loss of cryptophyte nuclei. The genetic variability of M. rubra uncovered here is relevant to the controversy in the literature regarding the cryptophyte/M. rubra association.
C1 [Herfort, Lydie; Peterson, Tawnya D.; Baptista, Antonio M.; Campbell, Victoria; Warnick, Rachel; Selby, Mikaela; Zuber, Peter] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Ctr Coastal Margin Observat & Predict, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA.
[Herfort, Lydie; Peterson, Tawnya D.; Baptista, Antonio M.; Campbell, Victoria; Warnick, Rachel; Selby, Mikaela; Zuber, Peter] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Div Environm & Biomol Syst, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA.
[McCue, Lee Ann] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Crump, Byron C.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA.
[Prahl, Fredrick G.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Roegner, G. Curtis] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Point Adams Res Stn, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Hammond, OR 97121 USA.
RP Herfort, L (reprint author), Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Ctr Coastal Margin Observat & Predict, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA.
EM herfortl@ebs.ogi.edu
OI McCue, Lee Ann/0000-0003-4456-517X; Baptista,
Antonio/0000-0002-7641-5937
FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0424602]; Department of Energy's Office
of Biological and Environmental Research
FX We thank the captain, crew and scientific party of the RV 'Barnes' and
RV 'New Horizon', Michael Wilkin of Oregon Health & Science University
(OHSU), Katie Rathmell (OHSU), Greta Klungness (OHSU) and Chris LaPointe
(OHSU) for their help with sample collection in 2007 to 2009 and Paul
Turner (OHSU) for his help with generating the map. This study was
carried out within the context of the Science and Technology Center for
Coastal Margin Observation & Prediction (CMOP) supported by the National
Science Foundation (grant number OCE-0424602). A portion of the research
was performed using resources at the Environmental Molecular Sciences
Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the
Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research
and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.
NR 37
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 2
U2 9
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0948-3055
J9 AQUAT MICROB ECOL
JI Aquat. Microb. Ecol.
PY 2011
VL 62
IS 1
BP 85
EP U106
DI 10.3354/ame01460
PG 17
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Microbiology
GA 702ZT
UT WOS:000285935100009
ER
PT S
AU Lusardi, WR
AF Lusardi, Wayne R.
BE Ford, B
TI Rock, Paper, Shipwreck! The Maritime Cultural Landscape of Thunder Bay
SO ARCHAEOLOGY OF MARITIME LANDSCAPES
SE When the Land Meets the Sea
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID GREAT-LAKES
C1 Thunder Bay Natl Marine Sanctuary, Alpena, MI 49707 USA.
RP Lusardi, WR (reprint author), Thunder Bay Natl Marine Sanctuary, 500 W Fletcher St, Alpena, MI 49707 USA.
EM wayne.lusardi@noaa.gov
NR 48
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES
SN 1869-6783
BN 978-1-4419-8209-4
J9 WHEN LAND MEETS SEA
PY 2011
BP 81
EP 97
DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-8210-0_5
D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-8210-0
PG 17
WC Anthropology; Archaeology
SC Anthropology; Archaeology
GA BVI77
UT WOS:000291622200006
ER
PT J
AU Emmerich, SJ
AF Emmerich, Steven J.
TI Standard 62.2 Update
SO ASHRAE JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
C1 NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Emmerich, SJ (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Emmerich, Steven/F-4661-2010
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC,
PI ATLANTA
PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA
SN 0001-2491
J9 ASHRAE J
JI ASHRAE J.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 53
IS 1
BP 62
EP +
PG 3
WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering,
Mechanical
SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering
GA 703OT
UT WOS:000285988800011
ER
PT S
AU Healy, WM
Ullah, T
Roller, J
AF Healy, William M.
Ullah, Tania
Roller, John
GP ASHRAE
TI Input-Output Approach to Predicting the Energy Efficiency of Residential
Water Heaters-Testing of Gas Tankless and Electric Storage Water Heaters
SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 2011, VOL 117, PT 2
SE ASHRAE Transactions
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Annual Conference of the
American-Society-of-Heating-Refrigerating-and-Air-Conditioning-Engineers
(ASHRAE)
CY JUN 25-29, 2011
CL Montreal, CANADA
SP Amer Soc Heating Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)
AB A study was conducted to evaluate the potential for using a linear relationship between the power input to a residential water heater and the output of thermal energy in hot water for rating the energy efficiency of the unit. This approach has the potential for simplifying the currently used test method while providing information that can be used to predict performance under different demands. A gas tankless water heater and an electric storage water heater were tested under a range of output rates, and linear relationships were developed for each system. The equations were then used to predict the input required to provide particular output rates demanded by the user. The accuracy of these models was assessed against five different 24-hour simulated-use tests, consisting of the approach from the current test method and alternative profiles that involved more draws of hot water and varying amounts of daily hot water removed from the water heaters. Discrepancies between predicted water heater efficiencies and measured efficiencies indicate that a linear model relating input rate and output rate may not be appropriate for fully describing residential water heater performance. This paper discusses the challenges in applying a linear model for predicting the daily efficiency of a water heater.
C1 [Healy, William M.; Ullah, Tania; Roller, John] NIST, Bldg Environm Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Healy, WM (reprint author), NIST, Bldg Environm Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 9
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 2
U2 6
PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS
PI ATLANTA
PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA
SN 0001-2505
J9 ASHRAE TRAN
PY 2011
VL 117
BP 521
EP 532
PN 2
PG 12
WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology
SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology
GA BDC23
UT WOS:000312557900059
ER
PT S
AU Ferretti, NM
Galler, MA
Omar, F
AF Ferretti, Natascha Milesi
Galler, Michael A.
Omar, Farhad
GP ASHRAE
TI Considerations for Incorporating Standby Power Measurement Requirements
into DOE Test Procedures
SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 2011, VOL 117, PT 2
SE ASHRAE Transactions
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Annual Conference of the
American-Society-of-Heating-Refrigerating-and-Air-Conditioning-Engineers
(ASHRAE)
CY JUN 25-29, 2011
CL Montreal, CANADA
SP Amer Soc Heating Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)
AB This paper discusses the issue of standby power in the Department of Energy's (DOE) residential appliance test procedures. Section 1 introduces the DOE's legislative mandate, briefly discusses the increase in standby power use in residential appliances, and describes the global scale of this energy use. Section 2 describes the differences in the definitions for standby power and measurement methodologies among industrial, national, and international organizations. Section 3 presents a more detailed, component-level discussion of the sources of standby power use. Section 4 presents broader changes that can reduce energy use on the U. S. building stock, including appliance design, changes in user behavior, and policy measures that may serve as good examples to follow. In Section 5, the paper lists recommendations for the ongoing revisions of the DOE test procedures for three residential appliances (dishwashers, clothes dryers, and clothes washers). Section 6 presents conclusions.
C1 [Ferretti, Natascha Milesi; Galler, Michael A.; Omar, Farhad] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Ferretti, NM (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 20
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS
PI ATLANTA
PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA
SN 0001-2505
J9 ASHRAE TRAN
PY 2011
VL 117
BP 704
EP 712
PN 2
PG 9
WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology
SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology
GA BDC23
UT WOS:000312557900073
ER
PT J
AU Blackwell-Whitehead, R
Pavlenko, YV
Nave, G
Pickering, JC
Jones, HRA
Lyubchik, Y
Nilsson, H
AF Blackwell-Whitehead, R.
Pavlenko, Y. V.
Nave, G.
Pickering, J. C.
Jones, H. R. A.
Lyubchik, Y.
Nilsson, H.
TI Infrared Mn I laboratory oscillator strengths for the study of late type
stars and ultracool dwarfs
SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE atomic data; line: identification; methods: laboratory; stars: late-type
ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; NEUTRAL MANGANESE;
MODEL ATMOSPHERES; SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS; ATOMIC DATA; LINE LIST;
ABUNDANCES; OPACITIES; LIFETIMES
AB Aims. The aim of our new laboratory measurements is to measure accurate absolute oscillator strengths for neutral manganese transitions in the infrared needed for the study of late-type stars and ultracool dwarfs.
Methods. Branching fractions have been measured by high resolution Fourier transform spectroscopy and combined with radiative level lifetimes in the literature to yield oscillator strengths.
Results. We present experimental oscillator strengths for 20 Mn I transitions in the wavelength range 3216 to 13 997 angstrom, 15 of which are in the infrared. The transitions at 12 899 angstrom and 12 975 angstrom are observed as strong features in the spectra of late-type stars and ultracool dwarfs. We have fitted our calculated spectra to the observed Mn I lines in spectra of late-type stars. Using the new experimentally measured Mn I log(gf) values together with existing data for Mn I hyperfine structure splitting factors we determined the manganese abundance to be log N(Mn) = -6.65 +/- 0.05 in the atmosphere of the Sun, log N(Mn) = 6.95 +/- 0.20 in the atmosphere of Arcturus, and log N(Mn) = -6.70 +/- 0.20 in the atmosphere of M 9.5 dwarf 2MASSW 0140026+270150.
C1 [Blackwell-Whitehead, R.; Nilsson, H.] Lund Observ, S-22100 Lund, Sweden.
[Blackwell-Whitehead, R.; Pickering, J. C.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England.
[Pavlenko, Y. V.; Jones, H. R. A.] Univ Hertfordshire, Ctr Astrophys Res, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England.
[Pavlenko, Y. V.; Lyubchik, Y.] Ukrainian Acad Sci, Main Astron Observ, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine.
[Nave, G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Blackwell-Whitehead, R (reprint author), Lund Observ, Box 43, S-22100 Lund, Sweden.
EM r.blackwell@astro.lu.se
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011;
OI Jones, Hugh/0000-0003-0433-3665
FU European Commission; Leverhulme Trust; STFC, UK; National Academy and
Space Agency of Ukraine; Swedish Research Council
FX We thank Drs. L. Prato and I. S. McLean for providing the 2MASSW
0140026+270150 spectrum. R. B. W. gratefully acknowledges the European
Commission for a Marie Curie fellowship. J.C.P., Y.P. and H.R.A.J.
gratefully acknowledge funding from the Leverhulme Trust and STFC, UK.
The work of Y.P. and L.Y. was partially supported by the
Microcosmophysics-2 program of the National Academy and Space Agency of
Ukraine. H.N. acknowledges the support of the Linnaeus grant to the Lund
Laser Centre from the Swedish Research Council.
NR 52
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 8
PU EDP SCIENCES S A
PI LES ULIS CEDEX A
PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A,
FRANCE
SN 0004-6361
J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS
JI Astron. Astrophys.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 525
AR A44
DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201015006
PG 11
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 692ZF
UT WOS:000285193700066
ER
PT J
AU Mauritsen, T
Sedlar, J
Tjernstrom, M
Leck, C
Martin, M
Shupe, M
Sjogren, S
Sierau, B
Persson, POG
Brooks, IM
Swietlicki, E
AF Mauritsen, T.
Sedlar, J.
Tjernstrom, M.
Leck, C.
Martin, M.
Shupe, M.
Sjogren, S.
Sierau, B.
Persson, P. O. G.
Brooks, I. M.
Swietlicki, E.
TI An Arctic CCN-limited cloud-aerosol regime
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; OCEAN EXPEDITION; STRATUS
CLOUDS; ANNUAL CYCLE; CLIMATE; STRATOCUMULUS; SUMMER; PRECIPITATION;
MICROPHYSICS
AB On average, airborne aerosol particles cool the Earth's surface directly by absorbing and scattering sunlight and indirectly by influencing cloud reflectivity, life time, thickness or extent. Here we show that over the central Arctic Ocean, where there is frequently a lack of aerosol particles upon which clouds may form, a small increase in aerosol loading may enhance cloudiness thereby likely causing a climatologically significant warming at the ice-covered Arctic surface. Under these low concentration conditions cloud droplets grow to drizzle sizes and fall, even in the absence of collisions and coalescence, thereby diminishing cloud water. Evidence from a case study suggests that interactions between aerosol, clouds and precipitation could be responsible for attaining the observed low aerosol concentrations.
C1 [Mauritsen, T.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany.
[Sedlar, J.; Tjernstrom, M.; Leck, C.] Bert Bolin Ctr Climate Res, Stockholm, Sweden.
[Sedlar, J.; Tjernstrom, M.; Leck, C.] Stockholm Univ, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
[Martin, M.; Sierau, B.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland.
[Shupe, M.; Persson, P. O. G.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Shupe, M.; Persson, P. O. G.] NOAA ESRL, Boulder, CO USA.
[Sjogren, S.; Swietlicki, E.] Lund Univ, Lund, Sweden.
[Brooks, I. M.] Univ Leeds, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England.
RP Mauritsen, T (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany.
EM thorsten.mauritsen@zmaw.de
RI Swietlicki, Erik/B-9426-2014; Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011; Brooks,
Ian/E-1378-2012; Mauritsen, Thorsten/G-5880-2013
OI Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982; Brooks, Ian/0000-0002-5051-1322;
Mauritsen, Thorsten/0000-0003-1418-4077
FU Max Planck Society; Swedish Research Council; Knut and Alice Wallenberg
Foundation; EU; US National Science Foundation; Natural Environmental
Research Council
FX We are grateful to Douglas Orsini, Bjorn Stevens, Lee Raymond and many
others for practical and scientific input. This study was supported by
the Max Planck Society. ASCOS is funded by the Swedish Research Council,
the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, DAMOCLES (EU 6th Framework
Program), the US National Science Foundation and the Natural
Environmental Research Council. We are grateful for logistical support
from the Swedish Polar Research Secretariat, and to Oden's Captain
Mattias Peterson and his crew.
NR 61
TC 55
Z9 56
U1 1
U2 28
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 1
BP 165
EP 173
DI 10.5194/acp-11-165-2011
PG 9
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 705ZO
UT WOS:000286180200012
ER
PT J
AU McKendry, I
Strawbridge, K
Karumudi, ML
O'Neill, N
Macdonald, AM
Leaitch, R
Jaffe, D
Cottle, P
Sharma, S
Sheridan, P
Ogren, J
AF McKendry, I.
Strawbridge, K.
Karumudi, M. L.
O'Neill, N.
Macdonald, A. M.
Leaitch, R.
Jaffe, D.
Cottle, P.
Sharma, S.
Sheridan, P.
Ogren, J.
TI Californian forest fire plumes over Southwestern British Columbia:
lidar, sunphotometry, and mountaintop chemistry observations
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID BIOMASS BURNING PARTICLES; ASIAN DUST; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; RAMAN LIDAR;
INTEX-B; TRANSPORT; EVENT; SMOKE; AEROSOLS; WHISTLER
AB Forest fires in Northern California and Oregon were responsible for two significant regional scale aerosol transport events observed in southern British Columbia during summer 2008. A combination of ground based (CORALNet) and satellite (CALIPSO) lidar, sunphotometry and high altitude chemistry observations permitted unprecedented characterization of forest fire plume height and mixing as well as description of optical properties and physico-chemistry of the aerosol. In southwestern BC, lidar observations show the smoke to be mixed through a layer extending to 5-6 km a.g.l. where the aerosol was confined by an elevated inversion in both cases. Depolarization ratios for a trans-Pacific dust event (providing a basis for comparison) and the two smoke events were consistent with observations of dust and smoke events elsewhere and permit discrimination of aerosol events in the region. Based on sunphotometry, the Aerosol Optical Thicknesses (AOT) reached maxima of similar to 0.7 and similar to 0.4 for the two events respectively. Dubovik-retrieval values of r(eff,f) during both the June/July and August events varied between about 0.13 and 0.15 mu m and confirm the dominance of accumulation mode size particles in the forest fire plumes. Both Whistler Peak and Mount Bachelor Observatory data show that smoke events are accompanied by elevated CO and O-3 concentrations as well as elevated K+/SO4 ratios. In addition to documenting the meteorology and physic-chemical characteristics of two regional scale biomass burning plumes, this study demonstrates the positive analytical synergies arising from the suite of measurements now in place in the Pacific Northwest, and complemented by satellite borne instruments.
C1 [McKendry, I.; Cottle, P.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
[Strawbridge, K.] Environm Canada, Ctr Atmospher Res Expt, Sci & Technol Branch, Egbert, ON, Canada.
[Karumudi, M. L.; O'Neill, N.] Univ Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada.
[Macdonald, A. M.; Leaitch, R.; Sharma, S.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada.
[Jaffe, D.] Univ Washington Bothell, Seattle, WA USA.
[Sheridan, P.; Ogren, J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA.
RP McKendry, I (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
EM ian@geog.ubc.ca
RI Ogren, John/M-8255-2015
OI Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583
FU Environment Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council;
BC Ministry of Environment; Canadian Foundation for Climate and
Atmospheric Sciences
FX We are grateful for the financial and in-kind support provided by
Environment Canada, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research
Council, the BC Ministry of Environment, and the Canadian Foundation for
Climate and Atmospheric Sciences. Special thanks also go to the
University of British Columbia and in particular to Seane Trehearne at
Totem Field, and Michael Travis and Bernard Firanski of Environment
Canada. We are grateful for the constructive suggestions of two
anonymous referees.
NR 28
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 15
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 2
BP 465
EP 477
DI 10.5194/acp-11-465-2011
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 713GE
UT WOS:000286722300004
ER
PT J
AU Wood, R
Mechoso, CR
Bretherton, CS
Weller, RA
Huebert, B
Straneo, F
Albrecht, BA
Coe, H
Allen, G
Vaughan, G
Daum, P
Fairall, C
Chand, D
Klenner, LG
Garreaud, R
Grados, C
Covert, DS
Bates, TS
Krejci, R
Russell, LM
de Szoeke, S
Brewer, A
Yuter, SE
Springston, SR
Chaigneau, A
Toniazzo, T
Minnis, P
Palikonda, R
Abel, SJ
Brown, WOJ
Williams, S
Fochesatto, J
Brioude, J
Bower, KN
AF Wood, R.
Mechoso, C. R.
Bretherton, C. S.
Weller, R. A.
Huebert, B.
Straneo, F.
Albrecht, B. A.
Coe, H.
Allen, G.
Vaughan, G.
Daum, P.
Fairall, C.
Chand, D.
Gallardo Klenner, L.
Garreaud, R.
Grados, C.
Covert, D. S.
Bates, T. S.
Krejci, R.
Russell, L. M.
de Szoeke, S.
Brewer, A.
Yuter, S. E.
Springston, S. R.
Chaigneau, A.
Toniazzo, T.
Minnis, P.
Palikonda, R.
Abel, S. J.
Brown, W. O. J.
Williams, S.
Fochesatto, J.
Brioude, J.
Bower, K. N.
TI The VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment
(VOCALS-REx): goals, platforms, and field operations
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SOUTHEAST PACIFIC STRATOCUMULUS; LIQUID WATER PATH; DIURNAL CYCLE;
TROPICAL PACIFIC; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; CELLULAR STRUCTURES;
BOUNDARY-LAYER; OPEN CELLS; PART I; VARIABILITY
AB The VAMOS(1) Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx) was an international field program designed to make observations of poorly understood but critical components of the coupled climate system of the southeast Pacific. This region is characterized by strong coastal upwelling, the coolest SSTs in the tropical belt, and is home to the largest subtropical stratocumulus deck on Earth. The field intensive phase of VOCALS-REx took place during October and November 2008 and constitutes a critical part of a broader CLIVAR program (VOCALS) designed to develop and promote scientific activities leading to improved understanding, model simulations, and predictions of the southeastern Pacific (SEP) coupled ocean-atmosphere-land system, on diurnal to interannual timescales. The other major components of VOCALS are a modeling program with a model hierarchy ranging from the local to global scales, and a suite of extended observations from regular research cruises, instrumented moorings, and satellites. The two central themes of VOCALS-REx focus upon (a) links between aerosols, clouds and precipitation and their impacts on marine stratocumulus radiative properties, and (b) physical and chemical couplings between the upper ocean and the lower atmosphere, including the role that mesoscale ocean eddies play. A set of hypotheses designed to be tested with the combined field, monitoring and modeling work in VOCALS is presented here. A further goal of VOCALS-REx is to provide datasets for the evaluation and improvement of large-scale numerical models. VOCALS-REx involved five research aircraft, two ships and two surface sites in northern Chile. We describe the instrument pay-loads and key mission strategies for these platforms and give a summary of the missions conducted.
C1 [Wood, R.; Bretherton, C. S.; Chand, D.; Covert, D. S.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Mechoso, C. R.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA.
[Weller, R. A.; Straneo, F.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA.
[Huebert, B.] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Albrecht, B. A.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
[Coe, H.; Allen, G.; Vaughan, G.; Bower, K. N.] Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England.
[Daum, P.; Springston, S. R.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
[Fairall, C.; Brewer, A.; Brioude, J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Gallardo Klenner, L.; Garreaud, R.] Univ Chile, Dept Geofis, Santiago, Chile.
[Bates, T. S.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Krejci, R.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Appl Environm Sci ITM, Stockholm, Sweden.
[Russell, L. M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA.
[de Szoeke, S.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Yuter, S. E.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
[Toniazzo, T.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 2AH, Berks, England.
[Chaigneau, A.] Inst Rech Dev, Marseille, France.
[Minnis, P.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Abel, S. J.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England.
[Brown, W. O. J.; Williams, S.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Fochesatto, J.] Univ Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA.
[Brioude, J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Palikonda, R.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA.
RP Wood, R (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM robwood@atmos.washington.edu
RI Gallardo, Laura/H-4370-2013; Brioude, Jerome/E-4629-2011; Garreaud,
Rene/I-6298-2016; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Minnis,
Patrick/G-1902-2010; Wood, Robert/A-2989-2008; Abel, Steven/H-4880-2012;
Allen, Grant /A-7737-2013; Coe, Hugh/C-8733-2013; Chaigneau,
Alexis/E-4324-2010; Krejci, Radovan/L-3257-2013; Yuter,
Sandra/E-8808-2015; Vaughan, Geraint/O-2459-2015;
OI Gallardo, Laura/0000-0001-7605-3721; Minnis,
Patrick/0000-0002-4733-6148; Wood, Robert/0000-0002-1401-3828; Abel,
Steven/0000-0002-1330-4199; Allen, Grant /0000-0002-7070-3620; Krejci,
Radovan/0000-0002-9384-9702; Yuter, Sandra/0000-0002-3222-053X; Vaughan,
Geraint/0000-0002-0885-0398; Garreaud, Rene/0000-0002-7875-2443;
Straneo, Fiammetta/0000-0002-1735-2366; Coe, Hugh/0000-0002-3264-1713
FU Natural Environment Research Council, UK; DoE [DE-AI02-07ER64546]; US
National Science Foundation [OCE07-44245, ATM-0934275, ATM0748012,
ATM-0749011, ATM-0746685, AGS-0745337, ATM-0744636, ATM-0839872,
ATM-0749088, ATM-0745702, ATM-0745986, OCE-0744245, OCE-0741917]; US
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA08OAR4320899,
NA09OAR4310206, NA070AR4310282, NA08OAR4310597, NA08OAR4310566,
GC08-252b]; NOAA [NA07OAR4310267, NA06OAR4310119, NA07OAR4310248]; NSF;
US Office of Naval Research [PE 0602435, N000140810437]; Chilean
FONDECYT [1109004, 1090412]; Swedish Research Council for Environment,
Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning [2007-1008]; Met Office (UK);
UK Natural Environment Research Council [NE/F019874/1, NE/F018592/1];
NSF-NCAR [0301213]
FX It is practically impossible to acknowledge all the people who have
contributed to VOCALS, but we can try to pay tribute to the various
groups that have dedicated their resources, efforts, sweat and tears to
the planning and execution of the program. First, we need to thank the
teams led by Bob Weller at WHOI that deployed and maintained with annual
cruises the IMET buoy which has provided almost a decade of high quality
meteorological, radiation and oceanographic measurements. Thanks to
Chris Fairall and coworkers at ESRL, and the scientists involved in the
EPIC Stratocumulus cruise, these ship-borne data have led to a wealth of
scientific data. We are extremely grateful to the support staff, crew
and scientists who helped make the VOCALS-REx a success. These include
the PIs, support scientists and crews of the six aircraft platforms (the
NSF/NCAR C-130, the UK FAAM BAe-146, the DoE G-1, the CIRPAS Twin Otter,
the UK NERC Dornier 228, and, in the 2010 CUpEx phase, the Chilean DGAC
King Air), the two ships (the NOAA Ronald H. Brown, and the Peruvian
IMARPE Jose Olaya), and the land stations at Iquique and Paposo. The
NCAR Earth Observing Laboratory is thanked for their dedication to
coordinating and executing field logistics and data archive support for
VOCALS REx. The cooperation of hosts and collaborators in Chile and Peru
who provided various critical facilities and support during REx is
gratefully acknowledged. These include dedicated staff from the Chilean
Weather Service (DMC), Ana Maria Cordova at Universidad de Valparaiso,
Ricardo Munoz, Jose Rutllant and fellow students at Universidad de
Chile, Rosalino Fuenzalida, and fellow staff and students at Universidad
Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile; Yamina Silva at Instituto Geofisico del
Peru, Lima and Boris Dewitte at Laboratoire d'Etudes en Geophysique et
Oceanographie Spatiales (LEGOS), Toulouse, France. Sounding operations
were led by Tim Lim and quality control by Kate Young, both of NCAR/EOL.
We also thank the Natural Environment Research Council, UK, for
supporting the UK University contribution to VOCALS, and to FAAM,
Directflight Ltd., Avalon Engineering Ltd, and ARSF, for providing the
BAe146 and Dornier-228 aircraft respectively. Without the untiring
efforts of the staff of these Facilities the science objectives of
VOCALS would not have been met. The European Southern Observatory (ESO)
are thanked for their help and support for measurements at Paranal. The
NASA Langley GOES-10 analyses were supported by the NASA Modeling,
Analysis, and Prediction Program and the DoE Atmospheric Radiation
Measurement Program Agreement DE-AI02-07ER64546.; Funding for VOCALS-REx
was provided through the following grants: US National Science
Foundation grants OCE07-44245, ATM-0934275, ATM0748012, ATM-0749011,
ATM-0746685, AGS-0745337, ATM-0744636, ATM-0839872, ATM-0749088,
ATM-0745702, ATM-0745986, OCE-0744245 and OCE-0741917; US National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration grants NA08OAR4320899,
NA09OAR4310206, NA070AR4310282, NA08OAR4310597, NA08OAR4310566, and
GC08-252b; cooperative agreements between NOAA and NSF to fund
logistics, operations and data archiving funded through NOAA grants
NA07OAR4310267, NA06OAR4310119, and NA07OAR4310248; the US Office of
Naval Research grants PE 0602435, N000140810437, and N000140810465; the
Chilean FONDECYT grants 1109004 and 1090412; the Swedish Research
Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning
grant 2007-1008; The Met Office (UK); the UK Natural Environment
Research Council grants NE/F019874/1 and NE/F018592/1; NSF-NCAR
Cooperative Agreement: 0301213 Amendment 64 funded VOCALS Field Support;
Meteo France.
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PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 2
BP 627
EP 654
DI 10.5194/acp-11-627-2011
PG 28
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 713GE
UT WOS:000286722300016
ER
PT J
AU Turnbull, JC
Karion, A
Fischer, ML
Faloona, I
Guilderson, T
Lehman, SJ
Miller, BR
Miller, JB
Montzka, S
Sherwood, T
Saripalli, S
Sweeney, C
Tans, PP
AF Turnbull, J. C.
Karion, A.
Fischer, M. L.
Faloona, I.
Guilderson, T.
Lehman, S. J.
Miller, B. R.
Miller, J. B.
Montzka, S.
Sherwood, T.
Saripalli, S.
Sweeney, C.
Tans, P. P.
TI Assessment of fossil fuel carbon dioxide and other anthropogenic trace
gas emissions from airborne measurements over Sacramento, California in
spring 2009
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; UNITED-STATES; VERTICAL PROFILES; EXCHANGE; OZONE;
SCALE; CALIBRATION; (CO2)-C-14; TRANSPORT; AEROSOLS
AB Direct quantification of fossil fuel CO2 (CO(2)ff) in atmospheric samples can be used to examine several carbon cycle and air quality questions. We collected in situ CO2, CO, and CH4 measurements and flask samples in the boundary layer and free troposphere over Sacramento, California, USA, during two aircraft flights over and downwind of this urban area during spring of 2009. The flask samples were analyzed for Delta(CO2)-C-14 and CO2 to determine the recently added CO(2)ff mole fraction. A suite of greenhouse and other trace gases, including hydrocarbons and halocarbons, were measured in the same samples. Strong correlations were observed between CO(2)ff and numerous trace gases associated with urban emissions. From these correlations we estimate emission ratios between CO(2)ff and these species, and compare these with bottom-up inventory-derived estimates. Recent county level inventory estimates for carbon monoxide (CO) and benzene from the California Air Resources Board CEPAM database are in good agreement with our measured emission ratios, whereas older emissions inventories appear to overestimate emissions of these gases by a factor of two. For most other trace species, there are substantial differences (200-500%) between our measured emission ratios and those derived from available emission inventories. For the first flight, we combine in situ CO measurements with the measured CO:CO(2)ff emission ratio of 14 +/- 2 ppbCO/ppmCO(2) to derive an estimate of CO(2)ff mole fraction throughout this flight, and also estimate the biospheric CO2 mixing ratio (CO(2)bio) from the difference of total and fossil CO2. The resulting CO(2)bio varies dramatically from up to 8 +/- 2 ppm in the urban plume to -6 +/- 1 ppm in the surrounding boundary layer air. Finally, we use the in situ estimates of CO(2)ff mole fraction to infer total fossil fuel CO2 emissions from the Sacramento region, using a mass balance approach. The resulting emissions are uncertain to within a factor of two due to uncertainties in wind speed and boundary layer height. Nevertheless, this first attempt to estimate urban-scale CO(2)ff from atmospheric radiocarbon measurements shows that CO(2)ff can be used to verify and improve emission inventories for many poorly known anthropogenic species, separate biospheric CO2, and indicates the potential to constrain CO(2)ff emissions if transport uncertainties are reduced.
C1 [Turnbull, J. C.; Karion, A.; Miller, B. R.; Miller, J. B.; Montzka, S.; Sweeney, C.; Tans, P. P.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Turnbull, J. C.; Lehman, S. J.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Karion, A.; Miller, B. R.; Miller, J. B.; Sweeney, C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Fischer, M. L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Faloona, I.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Guilderson, T.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
[Sherwood, T.; Saripalli, S.] KalScott Engn, Lawrence, KS 66046 USA.
RP Turnbull, JC (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM jocelyn.turnbull@noaa.gov
OI Miller, Benjamin/0000-0003-1647-0122; Turnbull,
Jocelyn/0000-0002-0306-9658; Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400
FU US Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental
Research [DE-FG02-04ER83986, DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX Aircraft infrastructure development and flight missions were supported
by the Small Business Innovative Research program administered the US
Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research
to Kalscott Engineering (Lawrence, KS) contract No. DE-FG02-04ER83986,
and to the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under contract No.
DE-AC02-05CH11231. Thanks to Paula Zermeno for assistance and advice on
14CO2 sample preparation. Two anonymous reviewers
provided helpful feedback on an earlier draft of this paper.
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PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 2
BP 705
EP 721
DI 10.5194/acp-11-705-2011
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 713GE
UT WOS:000286722300021
ER
PT J
AU Wolfe, GM
Thornton, JA
Bouvier-Brown, NC
Goldstein, AH
Park, JH
Mckay, M
Matross, DM
Mao, J
Brune, WH
LaFranchi, BW
Browne, EC
Min, KE
Wooldridge, PJ
Cohen, RC
Crounse, JD
Faloona, IC
Gilman, JB
Kuster, WC
de Gouw, JA
Huisman, A
Keutsch, FN
AF Wolfe, G. M.
Thornton, J. A.
Bouvier-Brown, N. C.
Goldstein, A. H.
Park, J. -H.
Mckay, M.
Matross, D. M.
Mao, J.
Brune, W. H.
LaFranchi, B. W.
Browne, E. C.
Min, K. -E.
Wooldridge, P. J.
Cohen, R. C.
Crounse, J. D.
Faloona, I. C.
Gilman, J. B.
Kuster, W. C.
de Gouw, J. A.
Huisman, A.
Keutsch, F. N.
TI The Chemistry of Atmosphere-Forest Exchange (CAFE) Model - Part 2:
Application to BEARPEX-2007 observations
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID GASEOUS DRY DEPOSITION; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PONDEROSA PINE
PLANTATION; GAS-PHASE CHEMISTRY; PEROXY NITRATES PAN; SIERRA-NEVADA;
NITROGEN DEPOSITION; ISOPRENE OXIDATION; DECIDUOUS FOREST; HYDROXYL
RADICALS
AB In a companion paper, we introduced the Chemistry of Atmosphere-Forest Exchange (CAFE) model, a vertically-resolved 1-D chemical transport model designed to probe the details of near-surface reactive gas exchange. Here, we apply CAFE to noontime observations from the 2007 Biosphere Effects on Aerosols and Photochemistry Experiment (BEARPEX-2007). In this work we evaluate the CAFE modeling approach, demonstrate the significance of in-canopy chemistry for forest-atmosphere exchange and identify key shortcomings in the current understanding of intra-canopy processes.
CAFE generally reproduces BEARPEX-2007 observations but requires an enhanced radical recycling mechanism to overcome a factor of 6 underestimate of hydroxyl (OH) concentrations observed during a warm (similar to 29 degrees C) period. Modeled fluxes of acyl peroxy nitrates (APN) are quite sensitive to gradients in chemical production and loss, demonstrating that chemistry may perturb forest-atmosphere exchange even when the chemical timescale is long relative to the canopy mixing timescale. The model underestimates peroxy acetyl nitrate (PAN) fluxes by 50% and the exchange velocity by nearly a factor of three under warmer conditions, suggesting that near-surface APN sinks are underestimated relative to the sources. Nitric acid typically dominates gross dry N deposition at this site, though other reactive nitrogen (NOy) species can comprise up to 28% of the N deposition budget under cooler conditions. Upward NO2 fluxes cause the net above-canopy NOy flux to be similar to 30% lower than the gross depositional flux. CAFE under-predicts ozone fluxes and exchange velocities by similar to 20%. Large uncertainty in the parameterization of cuticular and ground deposition precludes conclusive attribution of non-stomatal fluxes to chemistry or surface uptake. Model-measurement comparisons of vertical concentration gradients for several emitted species suggests that the lower canopy airspace may be only weakly coupled with the upper canopy. Future efforts to model forest-atmosphere exchange will require a more mechanistic understanding of non-stomatal deposition and a more thorough characterization of in-canopy mixing processes.
C1 [Wolfe, G. M.; Thornton, J. A.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Wolfe, G. M.] Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Bouvier-Brown, N. C.; Goldstein, A. H.; Park, J. -H.; Mckay, M.; Matross, D. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Mao, J.; Brune, W. H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[LaFranchi, B. W.; Browne, E. C.; Min, K. -E.; Wooldridge, P. J.; Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Crounse, J. D.] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Faloona, I. C.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Gilman, J. B.; Kuster, W. C.; de Gouw, J. A.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Gilman, J. B.; de Gouw, J. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Huisman, A.; Keutsch, F. N.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI USA.
RP Thornton, JA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM thornton@atmos.washington.edu
RI de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Huisman, Andrew/K-6452-2013; Thornton,
Joel/C-1142-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Browne,
Eleanor/J-4517-2015; Wolfe, Glenn/D-5289-2011; Mao, Jingqiu/F-2511-2010;
Crounse, John/E-4622-2011; Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011; Kuster,
William/E-7421-2010; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Min,
Kyung-Eun/I-2839-2013; Park, Jeong-Hoo/I-2923-2013; Cohen,
Ronald/A-8842-2011; Crounse, John/C-3700-2014; Keutsch,
Frank/B-2391-2012
OI de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Thornton, Joel/0000-0002-5098-4867;
Browne, Eleanor/0000-0002-8076-9455; Mao, Jingqiu/0000-0002-4774-9751;
Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; Kuster,
William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; Cohen,
Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Crounse, John/0000-0001-5443-729X;
FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0633897]; U.S.-EPA [FP-91698901]
FX The authors acknowledge support from a National Science Foundation grant
ATM-0633897. GMW was partially supported by a U.S.-EPA STAR Fellowship
Assistance under Agreement No. FP-91698901. This work has not been
formally reviewed by EPA. The views expressed in this work are solely
those of the authors; EPA and NSF do not endorse any products or
commercial services mentioned. The authors also thank F. Paulot for
helpful discussions on isoprene oxidation, S. Fares for his insights on
ozone fluxes and L. Ganzeveld, T. Karl and an anonymous referee for
their critical feedback on both the model and the manuscript.
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PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 3
BP 1269
EP 1294
DI 10.5194/acp-11-1269-2011
PG 26
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 721KW
UT WOS:000287354100027
ER
PT J
AU Liu, D
Allan, J
Corris, B
Flynn, M
Andrews, E
Ogren, J
Beswick, K
Bower, K
Burgess, R
Choularton, T
Dorsey, J
Morgan, W
Williams, PI
Coe, H
AF Liu, D.
Allan, J.
Corris, B.
Flynn, M.
Andrews, E.
Ogren, J.
Beswick, K.
Bower, K.
Burgess, R.
Choularton, T.
Dorsey, J.
Morgan, W.
Williams, P. I.
Coe, H.
TI Carbonaceous aerosols contributed by traffic and solid fuel burning at a
polluted rural site in Northwestern England
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID MASS-SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS; VISIBLE-LIGHT ABSORPTION; PRIMARY OC/EC
RATIOS; ORGANIC AEROSOLS; BLACK CARBON; SPECTRAL DEPENDENCE; ELEMENTAL
CARBON; PARTICLES; IDENTIFICATION; COMPONENTS
AB The experiment presented in this paper was conducted at the Holme Moss site, which is located in the southern Pennines region in Northwestern England during November-December 2006. The strong southwesterly wind during the experimental period, which enhanced the transport of urban pollutants from the conurbations of Greater Manchester and Liverpool, in addition to the seasonally increased nearby residential heating activities, made this site a receptor for pollutants from a range of sources. A factor analysis is applied to the mass spectra of organic matter (OM) measured by the Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) to attribute the pollutant sources. Besides the oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA), this site was found to contain a considerable fraction of primary organic aerosols (POA, mass fraction 50-70% within total mass of OM). The POA sources are attributed to be traffic emission and solid fuel burning, which are identified as hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA) and solid fuel organic aerosol (SFOA) respectively. There were strongly combined emissions of black carbon (BC) particles from both sources. The refractory BC component (rBC) was characterized by a single particle soot photometer. This site began to be influenced during the late morning by fresh traffic emissions, whereas solid fuel burning became dominant from late afternoon until night. A covariance analysis of rBC and POA was used to derive source specific emission factors of 1.61 mu gHOA/mu grBC and 1.96 mu gHOA/mu grBC. The absorbing properties of aerosols were characterized at multiple wavelengths (lambda), and a stronger spectral dependence of absorption was observed when this site was significantly influenced by solid fuel burning. The rBC was estimated to contribute 3-16% of submicron aerosol mass. The single scattering albedo at lambda = 700 nm (SSA(700 nm)) was significantly anti-correlated with the rBC mass fraction, but also associated with the BC mixing state. The BC incorporation/removal process therefore may play a role in modulating the radiative properties of aerosols at the site under the influence of fresh sources. Given that traffic and residential combustion of solid fuels are significant contributors of carbonaceous aerosols over Europe, these results provide important source-specific information on modeling the anthropogenic carbonaceous aerosols.
C1 [Liu, D.; Allan, J.; Corris, B.; Flynn, M.; Beswick, K.; Bower, K.; Burgess, R.; Choularton, T.; Dorsey, J.; Morgan, W.; Williams, P. I.; Coe, H.] Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England.
[Allan, J.; Williams, P. I.] Univ Manchester, Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England.
[Andrews, E.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Andrews, E.; Ogren, J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Liu, D (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England.
EM dantong.liu@manchester.ac.uk
RI Allan, James/B-1160-2010; Coe, Hugh/C-8733-2013; Ogren,
John/M-8255-2015; Morgan, William/D-1690-2011; Liu, Dantong/E-6668-2017;
OI Allan, James/0000-0001-6492-4876; Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583; Liu,
Dantong/0000-0002-3879-2280; Choularton, Thomas/0000-0002-0409-4329;
Coe, Hugh/0000-0002-3264-1713
FU Natural Environment Research Council [NE/E011101/1]; DOE
[DE-A102-05ER63996]
FX The work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council
ADIENT project NE/E011101/1. The NERC National Centre for Atmospheric
Science (NCAS) Facility for Ground Atmospheric Measurements (FGAM)
supported some of the instrumentation. Funding for E. Andrews and J.
Ogren to participate in this project was supplied by DOE's ASP program
under grant# DE-A102-05ER63996. DOE's Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, under the auspices of the ASP program, also loaned some of
the instruments used during the project.
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PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 4
BP 1603
EP 1619
DI 10.5194/acp-11-1603-2011
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 727JW
UT WOS:000287795700015
ER
PT J
AU Fiore, AM
Levy, H
Jaffe, DA
AF Fiore, A. M.
Levy, H., II
Jaffe, D. A.
TI North American isoprene influence on intercontinental ozone pollution
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; GAS-PHASE CHEMISTRY; UNITED-STATES; BIOGENIC
HYDROCARBONS; SURFACE OZONE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; NONMETHANE
HYDROCARBONS; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; REACTIVE NITROGEN; BOUNDARY-LAYER
AB Changing land-use and climate may alter emissions of biogenic isoprene, a key ozone (O-3) precursor. Isoprene is also a precursor to peroxy acetyl nitrate (PAN) and thus affects partitioning among oxidized nitrogen (NOy) species, shifting the balance towards PAN, which more efficiently contributes to long-range transport relative to nitric acid (HNO3) which rapidly deposits. With a suite of sensitivity simulations in the MOZART-2 global tropospheric chemistry model, we gauge the relative importance of the intercontinental influence of a 20% increase in North American (NA) isoprene and a 20% decrease in NA anthropogenic emissions (nitrogen oxides (NOx), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) and NOx + NMVOC + carbon monoxide + aerosols). The surface O-3 response to NA isoprene emissions (Delta O-3_ISOP) in surface air over NA is about one third of the response to all NA anthropogenic emissions (Delta O-3_ANTH; although with different signs). Over intercontinental distances, Delta O-3_ISOP is relatively larger; in summer and fall, Delta O-3_ISOP in surface air over Europe and North Africa (EU region) is more than half of Delta O-3_ANTH. Future increases in NA isoprene emissions could thus offset decreases in EU surface O-3 resulting from controls on NA anthropogenic emissions. Over the EU region, Delta PAN_ISOP at 700 hPa is roughly the same magnitude as Delta PAN_ANTH (oppositely signed). Outside of the continental source region, the percentage changes in PAN are at least twice as large as for surface O-3, implying that long-term PAN measurements at high altitude sites may help to detect O-3 precursor emission changes. We find that neither the baseline level of isoprene emissions nor the fate of isoprene nitrates contributes to the large diversity in model estimates of the anthropogenic emission influence on intercontinental surface O-3 or oxidized nitrogen deposition reported in the recent TF HTAP multimodel studies (TFHTAP, 2007).
C1 [Fiore, A. M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Levy, H., II; Jaffe, D. A.] Univ Washington Bothell, Dept Sci & Technol, Washington, DC USA.
RP Fiore, AM (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
EM arlene.fiore@noaa.gov
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SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 4
BP 1697
EP 1710
DI 10.5194/acp-11-1697-2011
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 727JW
UT WOS:000287795700021
ER
PT J
AU Qian, Y
Flanner, MG
Leung, LR
Wang, W
AF Qian, Y.
Flanner, M. G.
Leung, L. R.
Wang, W.
TI Sensitivity studies on the impacts of Tibetan Plateau snowpack pollution
on the Asian hydrological cycle and monsoon climate
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID P 5079 M; SUMMER MONSOON; CARBONACEOUS PARTICLES; GLOBAL CLIMATE;
AEROSOL; COVER; CHINA; GLACIERS; ALBEDO; MODEL
AB The Tibetan Plateau (TP) has long been identified to be critical in regulating the Asian monsoon climate and hydrological cycle. In this modeling study a series of numerical experiments with a global climate model are designed to simulate radiative effect of black carbon (BC) and dust in snow, and to assess the relative impacts of anthropogenic CO2 and carbonaceous particles in the atmosphere and snow on the snowpack over the TP and subsequent impacts on the Asian monsoon climate and hydrological cycle. Simulations results show a large BC content in snow over the TP, especially the southern slope. Because of the high aerosol content in snow and large incident solar radiation in the low latitude and high elevation, the TP exhibits the largest surface radiative flux changes induced by aerosols (e.g. BC, Dust) in snow compared to any other snow-covered regions in the world.
C1 [Qian, Y.; Leung, L. R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Flanner, M. G.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Wang, W.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Qian, Y (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
EM yun.qian@pnl.gov
RI Flanner, Mark/C-6139-2011; qian, yun/E-1845-2011; Wang,
Weiguo/B-4948-2009
OI Flanner, Mark/0000-0003-4012-174X;
FU US Department of Energy's Office of Science Biological and Environmental
Research; China Ministry of Science and Technology; NSF [ATM-0852775];
DOE Office of Science; Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RLO1830]
FX We thank Jin-Ho Yoon for his internal review and constructive comments.
This research is sponsored by the US Department of Energy's Office of
Science Biological and Environmental Research under a bilateral
agreement with the China Ministry of Science and Technology on regional
climate research. Mark Flanner's work in this study is supported by NSF
ATM-0852775. This study is also partly supported by the DOE Office of
Science (BER)'s Cryosphere Project. PNNL is operated for the US DOE by
Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO1830.
NR 78
TC 90
Z9 95
U1 3
U2 45
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 5
BP 1929
EP 1948
DI 10.5194/acp-11-1929-2011
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 734VS
UT WOS:000288368900006
ER
PT J
AU Paulot, F
Wunch, D
Crounse, JD
Toon, GC
Millet, DB
DeCarlo, PF
Vigouroux, C
Deutscher, NM
Abad, GG
Notholt, J
Warneke, T
Hannigan, JW
Warneke, C
de Gouw, JA
Dunlea, EJ
De Maziere, M
Griffith, DWT
Bernath, P
Jimenez, JL
Wennberg, PO
AF Paulot, F.
Wunch, D.
Crounse, J. D.
Toon, G. C.
Millet, D. B.
DeCarlo, P. F.
Vigouroux, C.
Deutscher, N. M.
Abad, G. Gonzalez
Notholt, J.
Warneke, T.
Hannigan, J. W.
Warneke, C.
de Gouw, J. A.
Dunlea, E. J.
De Maziere, M.
Griffith, D. W. T.
Bernath, P.
Jimenez, J. L.
Wennberg, P. O.
TI Importance of secondary sources in the atmospheric budgets of formic and
acetic acids
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; GAS-PHASE OH; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY;
INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY AFTIR; KNUDSEN CELL REACTOR; HETEROGENEOUS UPTAKE;
INITIATED OXIDATION; HYDROXYL RADICALS; TEMPERATURE-RANGE;
CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS
AB We present a detailed budget of formic and acetic acids, two of the most abundant trace gases in the atmosphere. Our bottom-up estimate of the global source of formic and acetic acids are similar to 1200 and similar to 1400 Gmol yr(-1), dominated by photochemical oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds, in particular isoprene. Their sinks are dominated by wet and dry deposition. We use the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model to evaluate this budget against an extensive suite of measurements from ground, ship and satellite-based Fourier transform spectrometers, as well as from several aircraft campaigns over North America. The model captures the seasonality of formic and acetic acids well but generally underestimates their concentration, particularly in the Northern midlatitudes. We infer that the source of both carboxylic acids may be up to 50% greater than our estimate and report evidence for a long-lived missing secondary source of carboxylic acids that may be associated with the aging of organic aerosols. Vertical profiles of formic acid in the upper troposphere support a negative temperature dependence of the reaction between formic acid and the hydroxyl radical as suggested by several theoretical studies.
C1 [Paulot, F.; Wunch, D.; Wennberg, P. O.] CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Crounse, J. D.] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Toon, G. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Millet, D. B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
[DeCarlo, P. F.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Vigouroux, C.; De Maziere, M.] Belgian Inst Space Aeron, Brussels, Belgium.
[Deutscher, N. M.; Griffith, D. W. T.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Chem, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
[Abad, G. Gonzalez; Bernath, P.] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England.
[Notholt, J.; Warneke, T.] Inst Environm Phys, Bremen, Germany.
[Hannigan, J. W.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Warneke, C.; de Gouw, J. A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
[DeCarlo, P. F.; Warneke, C.; de Gouw, J. A.; Dunlea, E. J.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Dunlea, E. J.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Paulot, F (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM paulot@caltech.edu
RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Notholt, Justus/P-4520-2016;
Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Deutscher, Nicholas/E-3683-2015; Warneke,
Carsten/E-7174-2010; DeCarlo, Peter/B-2118-2008; Paulot,
Fabien/C-1002-2011; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Jimenez,
Jose/A-5294-2008; Crounse, John/E-4622-2011; Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012;
Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; Millet, Dylan/G-5832-2012; Crounse,
John/C-3700-2014
OI Notholt, Justus/0000-0002-3324-885X; Gonzalez Abad,
Gonzalo/0000-0002-8090-6480; Deutscher, Nicholas/0000-0002-2906-2577;
DeCarlo, Peter/0000-0001-6385-7149; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826;
Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X;
Crounse, John/0000-0001-5443-729X
FU NASA [NNX10AG65G, NNX08AD39G, NNG06GB32B]; Wild Fund; National Center
for Earth Observation (NCEO); National Science Foundation; National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); NOAA [NA08OAR4310565];
Danish Meteorological Institute; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
[404/14-1]; Australian Department of Innovation, Industry, Science and
Research, Internation Science Linkage [CG130014]; Canadian Space Agency;
UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) through the National
Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO)
FX The authors thank two anonymous referees and T. Stavrakou for their
constructive comments. FP is supported by a NASA Earth and Space Science
fellowship. GGA is supported by the Wild Fund and the National Center
for Earth Observation (NCEO). DBM acknowledges support from NASA under
Grant NNX10AG65G. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is
supported by the National Science Foundation. The NCAR FTS observation
program at Thule (GR) is supported under contract by the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). This work is also supported
by the NSF Office of Polar Programs (OPP). PFD, EJD and JLJ were
supported by NASA NNX08AD39G and NOAA NA08OAR4310565. The authors wish
to thank the Danish Meteorological Institute for support at the Thule
site. JN acknowledges funding by the grant from the Deutsche
Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) NO 404/14-1. NMD and DWTG acknowledge
support from the Australian Department of Innovation, Industry, Science
and Research, Internation Science Linkage under Grant CG130014. CV and
MDM acknowledge the PRODEX project SECPEA and the project AGACC from the
Belgian Science Policy Office (contracts SD/AT/O1A and SD/AT/01B) for
supporting the FTIR experiment at La Reunion. Part of this work was
performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of
Technology, under contract with NASA. The ACE mission is supported
primarily by the Canadian Space Agency. Some support was also provided
by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), through the
National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO). Measurements of FA and AA
during the INTEX-B and Milagro missions were supported by NASA under
Grant NNG06GB32B. The authors are grateful to Stephen Arnold and
Dominick Spracklen for providing the marine isoprene fluxes, and to
Sheryl Akagi and Robert Yokelson for providing updated biomass burning
and biofuel emission factors. The numerical simulations for this
research were performed on Caltech's Division of Geological and
Planetary Sciences Dell cluster.
NR 156
TC 96
Z9 96
U1 11
U2 109
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 5
BP 1989
EP 2013
DI 10.5194/acp-11-1989-2011
PG 25
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 734VS
UT WOS:000288368900010
ER
PT J
AU Lee, SH
Kim, SW
Angevine, WM
Bianco, L
McKeen, SA
Senff, CJ
Trainer, M
Tucker, SC
Zamora, RJ
AF Lee, S. -H.
Kim, S. -W.
Angevine, W. M.
Bianco, L.
McKeen, S. A.
Senff, C. J.
Trainer, M.
Tucker, S. C.
Zamora, R. J.
TI Evaluation of urban surface parameterizations in the WRF model using
measurements during the Texas Air Quality Study 2006 field campaign
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; DATA-ASSIMILATION; ATMOSPHERIC MODELS;
FORECASTING-MODEL; CLIMATE MODEL; CANOPY MODEL; 2 CITIES; PART I; LAND;
ENERGY
AB The performance of different urban surface parameterizations in the WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) in simulating urban boundary layer (UBL) was investigated using extensive measurements during the Texas Air Quality Study 2006 field campaign. The extensive field measurements collected on surface (meteorological, wind profiler, energy balance flux) sites, a research aircraft, and a research vessel characterized 3-dimensional atmospheric boundary layer structures over the Houston-Galveston Bay area, providing a unique opportunity for the evaluation of the physical parameterizations. The model simulations were performed over the Houston metropolitan area for a summertime period (12-17 August) using a bulk urban parameterization in the Noah land surface model (original LSM), a modified LSM, and a single-layer urban canopy model (UCM). The UCM simulation compared quite well with the observations over the Houston urban areas, reducing the systematic model biases in the original LSM simulation by 1-2 degrees C in near-surface air temperature and by 200-400 m in UBL height, on average. A more realistic turbulent (sensible and latent heat) energy partitioning contributed to the improvements in the UCM simulation. The original LSM significantly overestimated the sensible heat flux (similar to 200 W m(-2)) over the urban areas, resulting in warmer and higher UBL. The modified LSM slightly reduced warm and high biases in near-surface air temperature (0.5-1 degrees C) and UBL height (similar to 100 m) as a result of the effects of urban vegetation. The relatively strong thermal contrast between the Houston area and the water bodies (Galveston Bay and the Gulf of Mexico) in the LSM simulations enhanced the sea/bay breezes, but the model performance in predicting local wind fields was similar among the simulations in terms of statistical evaluations. These results suggest that a proper surface representation (e.g. urban vegetation, surface morphology) and explicit parameterizations of urban physical processes are required for accurate urban atmospheric numerical modeling.
C1 [Lee, S. -H.; Kim, S. -W.; Angevine, W. M.; Bianco, L.; McKeen, S. A.; Senff, C. J.; Tucker, S. C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Lee, S. -H.; Kim, S. -W.; Angevine, W. M.; Bianco, L.; McKeen, S. A.; Senff, C. J.; Trainer, M.; Tucker, S. C.; Zamora, R. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Lee, SH (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM sang-hyun.lee@noaa.gov
RI Lee, Sang-Hyun/B-5974-2013; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; McKeen,
Stuart/H-9516-2013; Angevine, Wayne/H-9849-2013; Senff,
Christoph/I-2592-2013; Kim, Si-Wan/I-3979-2013; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Angevine, Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116; Kim, Si-Wan/0000-0002-7889-189X;
FU NOAA
FX The authors would like to thank Bryan Lambeth from the Texas Commission
on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) for providing surface observation data
and La Porte wind profiler data. The authors are grateful to Song-Yoo
Hong from Yonsei University and three anonymous reviewers for their
comments that improved the manuscript. The authors wish to acknowledge
support from NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere research program.
NR 69
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Z9 47
U1 3
U2 50
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 5
BP 2127
EP 2143
DI 10.5194/acp-11-2127-2011
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 734VS
UT WOS:000288368900018
ER
PT J
AU Corazza, M
Bergamaschi, P
Vermeulen, AT
Aalto, T
Haszpra, L
Meinhardt, F
O'Doherty, S
Thompson, R
Moncrieff, J
Popa, E
Steinbacher, M
Jordan, A
Dlugokencky, E
Bruhl, C
Krol, M
Dentener, F
AF Corazza, M.
Bergamaschi, P.
Vermeulen, A. T.
Aalto, T.
Haszpra, L.
Meinhardt, F.
O'Doherty, S.
Thompson, R.
Moncrieff, J.
Popa, E.
Steinbacher, M.
Jordan, A.
Dlugokencky, E.
Bruehl, C.
Krol, M.
Dentener, F.
TI Inverse modelling of European N2O emissions: assimilating observations
from different networks
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID NITROUS-OXIDE; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; OZONE; GASES
AB We describe the setup and first results of an inverse modelling system for atmospheric N2O, based on a four-dimensional variational (4DVAR) technique and the atmospheric transport zoom model TM5. We focus in this study on the European domain, utilizing a comprehensive set of quasi-continuous measurements over Europe, complemented by N2O measurements from the Earth System Research Laboratory of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA/ESRL) cooperative global air sampling network. Despite ongoing measurement comparisons among networks parallel measurements at a limited number of stations show that significant offsets exist among the different laboratories. Since the spatial gradients of N2O mixing ratios are of the same order of magnitude as these biases, the direct use of these biased datasets would lead to significant errors in the derived emissions. Therefore, in order to also use measurements with unknown offsets, a new bias correction scheme has been implemented within the TM5-4DVAR inverse modelling system, thus allowing the simultaneous assimilation of observations from different networks. The N2O bias corrections determined in the TM5-4DVAR system agree within similar to 0.1 ppb (dry-air mole fraction) with the bias derived from the measurements at monitoring stations where parallel NOAA discrete air samples are available. The N2O emissions derived for the northwest European and east European countries for 2006 show good agreement with the bottom-up emission inventories reported to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Moreover, the inverse model can significantly narrow the uncertainty range reported in N2O emission inventories for these countries, while the lack of measurements does not allow to reduce the uncertainties of emission estimates in southern Europe.
Several sensitivity experiments were performed to test the robustness of the results. It is shown that also inversions without detailed a priori spatio-temporal emission distributions are capable to reproduce major regional emission patterns within the footprint of the existing atmospheric network, demonstrating the strong constraints of the atmospheric observations on the derived emissions.
C1 [Corazza, M.; Bergamaschi, P.; Dentener, F.] European Commiss Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21027 Ispra, Va, Italy.
[Vermeulen, A. T.; Popa, E.] Energy Res Ctr Netherlands ECN, Petten, Netherlands.
[Aalto, T.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland.
[Haszpra, L.] Hungarian Meteorol Serv, Budapest, Hungary.
[Meinhardt, F.] Umweltbundesamt UBA, Messstelle Schauinsland, Kirchzarten, Germany.
[O'Doherty, S.] Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Bristol, Avon, England.
[Thompson, R.] LSCE, Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Moncrieff, J.] Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
[Steinbacher, M.] Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol Empa, Dubendorf, Switzerland.
[Jordan, A.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Jena, Germany.
[Dlugokencky, E.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA.
[Bruehl, C.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
[Krol, M.] Wageningen Univ & Res Ctr WUR, Wageningen, Netherlands.
RP Corazza, M (reprint author), European Commiss Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21027 Ispra, Va, Italy.
EM matteo.corazza@jrc.ec.europa.eu
RI Corazza, Matteo/B-6085-2012; Krol, Maarten/E-3414-2013; Aalto,
Tuula/P-6183-2014; Vermeulen, Alex/A-2867-2015; Popa, Maria
Elena/B-8834-2014; Steinbacher, Martin/B-7424-2009
OI Corazza, Matteo/0000-0003-3610-1666; Aalto, Tuula/0000-0002-3264-7947;
Vermeulen, Alex/0000-0002-8158-8787; Thompson, Rona/0000-0001-9485-7176;
Popa, Maria Elena/0000-0001-7957-0329; Steinbacher,
Martin/0000-0002-7195-8115
FU European Commission [017841-2]; Hungarian Scientific Research Fund
[CK77550]
FX We thank Suvi Monni and John van Aardenne for discussions and support
with the EDGARv4.0 database. We are grateful to Adrian Leip and Bernd
Gugele for discussion of uncertainties of UNFCCC emissions. We thank
Arjo Segers for support of the TM5 modeling framework and for
preprocessing the ECMWF meteo data. This work has been supported by the
European Commission RTD project NitroEurope-IP, contract number
017841-2, 6th Framework Programme. We are grateful to Ronnie Robertson
for his diligent flask sampling at Sumburgh Head, Shetland Isles, and to
Martin Heimann for processing and screening the sampled data at this
site. The Swiss National Air Pollution Monitoring Network (NABEL) is run
by Empa in joint collaboration with the Swiss Federal Office for the
Environment. We thank Zoltan Barcza, and Istvan Szilagyi for their
sampling at Hegyhatsal. Significant support for the operation of
Hegyhatsal has been provided by the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund
(project number CK77550).
NR 31
TC 29
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U1 1
U2 14
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 5
BP 2381
EP 2398
DI 10.5194/acp-11-2381-2011
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 734VS
UT WOS:000288368900031
ER
PT J
AU Bon, DM
Ulbrich, IM
de Gouw, JA
Warneke, C
Kuster, WC
Alexander, ML
Baker, A
Beyersdorf, AJ
Blake, D
Fall, R
Jimenez, JL
Herndon, SC
Huey, LG
Knighton, WB
Ortega, J
Springston, S
Vargas, O
AF Bon, D. M.
Ulbrich, I. M.
de Gouw, J. A.
Warneke, C.
Kuster, W. C.
Alexander, M. L.
Baker, A.
Beyersdorf, A. J.
Blake, D.
Fall, R.
Jimenez, J. L.
Herndon, S. C.
Huey, L. G.
Knighton, W. B.
Ortega, J.
Springston, S.
Vargas, O.
TI Measurements of volatile organic compounds at a suburban ground site
(T1) in Mexico City during the MILAGRO 2006 campaign: measurement
comparison, emission ratios, and source attribution
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID PROTON-TRANSFER-REACTION; POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION;
REACTION-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS;
FACTOR-ANALYTIC MODELS; URBAN BACKGROUND SITE; ENGLAND AIR-QUALITY;
PTR-MS MEASUREMENTS; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; SOURCE IDENTIFICATION
AB Volatile organic compound (VOC) mixing ratios were measured with two different instruments at the T1 ground site in Mexico City during the Megacity Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations (MILAGRO) campaign in March of 2006. A gas chromatograph with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) quantified 18 light alkanes, alkenes and acetylene while a proton-transfer-reaction ion-trap mass spectrometer (PIT-MS) quantified 12 VOC species including oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) and aromatics. A GC separation system was used in conjunction with the PIT-MS (GC-PIT-MS) to evaluate PIT-MS measurements and to aid in the identification of unknown VOCs. The VOC measurements are also compared to simultaneous canister samples and to two independent proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometers (PTR-MS) deployed on a mobile and an airborne platform during MILAGRO. VOC diurnal cycles demonstrate the large influence of vehicle traffic and liquid propane gas (LPG) emissions during the night and photochemical processing during the afternoon. Emission ratios for VOCs and OVOCs relative to CO are derived from early-morning measurements. Average emission ratios for non-oxygenated species relative to CO are on average a factor of similar to 2 higher than measured for US cities. Emission ratios for OVOCs are estimated and compared to literature values the northeastern US and to tunnel studies in California. Positive matrix factorization analysis (PMF) is used to provide insight into VOC sources and processing. Three PMF factors were distinguished by the analysis including the emissions from vehicles, the use of liquid propane gas and the production of secondary VOCs + long-lived species. Emission ratios to CO calculated from the results of PMF analysis are compared to emission ratios calculated directly from measurements. The total PIT-MS signal is summed to estimate the fraction of identified versus unidentified VOC species.
C1 [Bon, D. M.; de Gouw, J. A.; Warneke, C.; Kuster, W. C.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Bon, D. M.; Ulbrich, I. M.; de Gouw, J. A.; Warneke, C.; Fall, R.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Bon, D. M.; Ulbrich, I. M.; Fall, R.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Alexander, M. L.; Ortega, J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Baker, A.; Beyersdorf, A. J.; Blake, D.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA.
[Herndon, S. C.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA USA.
[Huey, L. G.; Vargas, O.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Knighton, W. B.] Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
[Springston, S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP de Gouw, JA (reprint author), NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM joost.degouw@noaa.gov
RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Baker, Angela
/A-1666-2011; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Beyersdorf,
Andreas/N-1247-2013; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015;
OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588;
de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Baker, Angela K./0000-0001-7845-422X
FU US Environmental Protection Agency [FP-9163901-0]; National Science
Foundation [ATM-0516610, ATM-0513035]
FX This publication was also developed under a STAR Research Assistance
Agreement No. FP-9163901-0 awarded by the US Environmental Protection
Agency. It has not been formally reviewed by the EPA. The views
expressed in this publication or other work are solely those of its
authors. The EPA does not endorse any products or commercial services
mentioned in this publication. This work was also financially supported
by the National Science Foundation under grants ATM-0516610 and
ATM-0513035.
NR 74
TC 42
Z9 43
U1 4
U2 66
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 6
BP 2399
EP 2421
DI 10.5194/acp-11-2399-2011
PG 23
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 742YW
UT WOS:000288982300001
ER
PT J
AU Brock, CA
Cozic, J
Bahreini, R
Froyd, KD
Middlebrook, AM
McComiskey, A
Brioude, J
Cooper, OR
Stohl, A
Aikin, KC
de Gouw, JA
Fahey, DW
Ferrare, RA
Gao, RS
Gore, W
Holloway, JS
Hubler, G
Jefferson, A
Lack, DA
Lance, S
Moore, RH
Murphy, DM
Nenes, A
Novelli, PC
Nowak, JB
Ogren, JA
Peischl, J
Pierce, RB
Pilewskie, P
Quinn, PK
Ryerson, TB
Schmidt, KS
Schwarz, JP
Sodemann, H
Spackman, JR
Stark, H
Thomson, DS
Thornberry, T
Veres, P
Watts, LA
Warneke, C
Wollny, AG
AF Brock, C. A.
Cozic, J.
Bahreini, R.
Froyd, K. D.
Middlebrook, A. M.
McComiskey, A.
Brioude, J.
Cooper, O. R.
Stohl, A.
Aikin, K. C.
de Gouw, J. A.
Fahey, D. W.
Ferrare, R. A.
Gao, R-S.
Gore, W.
Holloway, J. S.
Huebler, G.
Jefferson, A.
Lack, D. A.
Lance, S.
Moore, R. H.
Murphy, D. M.
Nenes, A.
Novelli, P. C.
Nowak, J. B.
Ogren, J. A.
Peischl, J.
Pierce, R. B.
Pilewskie, P.
Quinn, P. K.
Ryerson, T. B.
Schmidt, K. S.
Schwarz, J. P.
Sodemann, H.
Spackman, J. R.
Stark, H.
Thomson, D. S.
Thornberry, T.
Veres, P.
Watts, L. A.
Warneke, C.
Wollny, A. G.
TI Characteristics, sources, and transport of aerosols measured in spring
2008 during the aerosol, radiation, and cloud processes affecting Arctic
Climate (ARCPAC) Project
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID FOREST-FIRE PLUMES; LONG-TERM TRENDS; BLACK CARBON; AIR-POLLUTION;
OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SEA-ICE; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; AIRCRAFT MEASUREMENTS;
AIRBORNE OBSERVATIONS; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS
AB We present an overview of the background, scientific goals, and execution of the Aerosol, Radiation, and Cloud Processes affecting Arctic Climate (ARCPAC) project of April 2008. We then summarize airborne measurements, made in the troposphere of the Alaskan Arctic, of aerosol particle size distributions, composition, and optical properties and discuss the sources and transport of the aerosols. The aerosol data were grouped into four categories based on gas-phase composition. First, the background troposphere contained a relatively diffuse, sulfate-rich aerosol extending from the top of the sea-ice inversion layer to 7.4 km altitude. Second, a region of depleted (relative to the background) aerosol was present within the surface inversion layer over sea-ice. Third, layers of dense, organic-rich smoke from open biomass fires in southern Russia and southeastern Siberia were frequently encountered at all altitudes from the top of the inversion layer to 7.1 km. Finally, some aerosol layers were dominated by components originating from fossil fuel combustion.
Of these four categories measured during ARCPAC, the diffuse background aerosol was most similar to the average springtime aerosol properties observed at a long-term monitoring site at Barrow, Alaska. The biomass burning (BB) and fossil fuel layers were present above the sea-ice inversion layer and did not reach the sea-ice surface during the course of the ARCPAC measurements. The BB aerosol layers were highly scattering and were moderately hygroscopic. On average, the layers produced a noontime net heating of similar to 0.1K day(-1) between 3 and 7 km and a slight cooling at the surface. The ratios of particle mass to carbon monoxide (CO) in the BB plumes, which had been transported over distances >5000 km, were comparable to the high end of literature values derived from previous measurements in wildfire smoke. These ratios suggest minimal precipitation scavenging and removal of the BB particles between the time they were emitted and the time they were observed in dense layers above the sea-ice inversion layer.
C1 [Brock, C. A.; Cozic, J.; Bahreini, R.; Froyd, K. D.; Middlebrook, A. M.; McComiskey, A.; Brioude, J.; Cooper, O. R.; Aikin, K. C.; de Gouw, J. A.; Fahey, D. W.; Gao, R-S.; Holloway, J. S.; Huebler, G.; Jefferson, A.; Lack, D. A.; Lance, S.; Murphy, D. M.; Novelli, P. C.; Nowak, J. B.; Ogren, J. A.; Peischl, J.; Ryerson, T. B.; Schwarz, J. P.; Spackman, J. R.; Stark, H.; Thomson, D. S.; Thornberry, T.; Veres, P.; Watts, L. A.; Warneke, C.; Wollny, A. G.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Cozic, J.; Bahreini, R.; Froyd, K. D.; McComiskey, A.; Brioude, J.; Cooper, O. R.; Aikin, K. C.; de Gouw, J. A.; Fahey, D. W.; Holloway, J. S.; Huebler, G.; Lack, D. A.; Lance, S.; Nowak, J. B.; Peischl, J.; Schwarz, J. P.; Spackman, J. R.; Stark, H.; Thomson, D. S.; Thornberry, T.; Veres, P.; Watts, L. A.; Warneke, C.; Wollny, A. G.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Stohl, A.; Sodemann, H.] Norsk Inst Luftforskning, Kjeller, Norway.
[Ferrare, R. A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Gore, W.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Moore, R. H.; Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Pierce, R. B.] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Madison, WI USA.
[Quinn, P. K.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Schmidt, K. S.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Brock, CA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM charles.a.brock@noaa.gov
RI Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Veres, Patrick/E-7441-2010; Jefferson,
Anne/K-4793-2012; SCHMIDT, KONRAD SEBASTIAN/C-1258-2013; schwarz,
joshua/G-4556-2013; Hubler, Gerhard/E-9780-2010; Cooper,
Owen/H-4875-2013; Froyd, Karl/H-6607-2013; Thornberry, Troy/H-7106-2013;
Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Aikin,
Kenneth/I-1973-2013; McComiskey, Allison/I-3933-2013; Peischl,
Jeff/E-7454-2010; Moore, Richard/E-9653-2010; Stohl,
Andreas/A-7535-2008; Brioude, Jerome/E-4629-2011; Middlebrook,
Ann/E-4831-2011; Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Brock,
Charles/G-3406-2011; Lance, Sara/A-4834-2011; Lack, Daniel/I-9053-2012;
Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Nowak, John/B-1085-2008; Warneke,
Carsten/E-7174-2010; Cozic, Julie/A-5464-2011; Watts,
Laurel/G-4532-2013; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Ogren, John/M-8255-2015;
Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X;
SCHMIDT, KONRAD SEBASTIAN/0000-0003-3899-228X; schwarz,
joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; McComiskey, Allison/0000-0002-6125-742X;
Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755;
Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Pierce, Robert
Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; Murphy,
Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807; Watts,
Laurel/0000-0002-0834-3329; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Ogren,
John/0000-0002-7895-9583; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; Quinn,
Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895;
FU NOAA [NA06OAR4310085, NA04OAR4310088]; NASA [NNX08AQ99G]; NSF; Swiss
National Science Foundation [PBBE22-119260]; Research Council of Norway;
University of Maryland
FX This work was supported by NOAA's Climate Change and Air Quality
Programs. P. Pilewskie and S. Schmidt were supported by NOAA under award
NA06OAR4310085. A. Nenes and R. Moore were supported by NOAA award
NA04OAR4310088 and NASA award NNX08AQ99G. A. Nenes was also supported by
a NSF Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) Program award, and R.
Moore by a DOE Global Change Education Program Graduate Research
Fellowship. S. Lance was supported by the US National Research Council
under a Research Associateships Program fellowship, and J. Cozic by the
Swiss National Science Foundation under award PBBE22-119260. A. Stohl
and H. Sodemann were supported by the Research Council of Norway in the
framework of POLARCAT. MODIS hotspot data provided courtesy of NASA and
the University of Maryland. Thanks to Jim Roberts, Andy Neuman, and Bob
Stone for constructive comments on the manuscript, to the collaborating
ISDAC, ARCTAS, ICEALOT, and other POLARCAT participants, and to Everts
Air in Fairbanks, Alaska for outstanding logistical support. Finally, a
special note of thanks to Glen Shaw and Bill Simpson of the University
of Alaska at Fairbanks, who led enthusiastic material, scientific, and
institutional support for all of the IPY projects in Fairbanks.
NR 161
TC 79
Z9 82
U1 9
U2 65
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 6
BP 2423
EP 2453
DI 10.5194/acp-11-2423-2011
PG 31
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 742YW
UT WOS:000288982300002
ER
PT J
AU Sommariva, R
Brown, SS
Roberts, JM
Brookes, DM
Parker, AE
Monks, PS
Bates, TS
Bon, D
de Gouw, JA
Frost, GJ
Gilman, JB
Goldan, PD
Herndon, SC
Kuster, WC
Lerner, BM
Osthoff, HD
Tucker, SC
Warneke, C
Williams, EJ
Zahniser, MS
AF Sommariva, R.
Brown, S. S.
Roberts, J. M.
Brookes, D. M.
Parker, A. E.
Monks, P. S.
Bates, T. S.
Bon, D.
de Gouw, J. A.
Frost, G. J.
Gilman, J. B.
Goldan, P. D.
Herndon, S. C.
Kuster, W. C.
Lerner, B. M.
Osthoff, H. D.
Tucker, S. C.
Warneke, C.
Williams, E. J.
Zahniser, M. S.
TI Ozone production in remote oceanic and industrial areas derived from
ship based measurements of peroxy radicals during TexAQS 2006
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; HO2 CHEMISTRY; AIR-QUALITY; MACE-HEAD;
PHOTOCHEMISTRY; INSTRUMENT; OH; TROPOSPHERE; TRANSPORT; IRELAND
AB During the Texas Air Quality Study II (TexAQS 2006) campaign, a PEroxy Radical Chemical Amplifier (PERCA) was deployed on the NOAA research vessel R/V Brown to measure total peroxy radicals (HO(2)+Sigma RO(2)). Day-time mixing ratios of HO(2)+Sigma RO(2) between 25 and 110 ppt were observed throughout the study area - the Houston/Galveston region and the Gulf coast of the US - and analyzed in relation to measurements of nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds (VOC) and photolysis rates to assess radical sources and sinks in the region.
The measurements of HO(2)+Sigma RO(2) were used to calculate the in-situ net photochemical formation of ozone. Measured median values ranged from 0.6 ppb/h in clean oceanic air masses up to several tens of ppb/h in the most polluted industrial areas. The results are consistent with previous studies and generally agree with observations made during the previous TexAQS 2000 field campaign. The net photochemical ozone formation rates determined at Barbours Cut, a site immediately south of the Houston Ship Channel, were analyzed in relation to local wind direction and VOC reactivity to understand the relationship between ozone formation and local VOC emissions.
The measurements of HO(2)+Sigma RO(2) made during the R/V Brown TexAQS 2006 cruise indicate that ozone formation is NO(x)-limited in the Houston/Galveston region and influenced by highly reactive hydrocarbons, especially alkenes from urban and industrial sources and their photo-oxidation products, such as formaldehyde.
C1 [Sommariva, R.; Brown, S. S.; Roberts, J. M.; Bon, D.; de Gouw, J. A.; Frost, G. J.; Gilman, J. B.; Goldan, P. D.; Kuster, W. C.; Lerner, B. M.; Osthoff, H. D.; Tucker, S. C.; Warneke, C.; Williams, E. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Sommariva, R.; Bon, D.; de Gouw, J. A.; Frost, G. J.; Gilman, J. B.; Goldan, P. D.; Kuster, W. C.; Lerner, B. M.; Osthoff, H. D.; Tucker, S. C.; Warneke, C.; Williams, E. J.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Brookes, D. M.; Parker, A. E.; Monks, P. S.] Univ Leicester, Dept Chem, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England.
[Bates, T. S.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Herndon, S. C.; Zahniser, M. S.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA.
RP Sommariva, R (reprint author), Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England.
EM r.sommariva@uea.ac.uk
RI Monks, Paul/H-6468-2016; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Roberts,
James/A-1082-2009; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Gilman,
Jessica/E-7751-2010; Williams, Eric/F-1184-2010; Brown,
Steven/I-1762-2013; Frost, Gregory/I-1958-2013; Lerner,
Brian/H-6556-2013; Sommariva, Roberto/M-5361-2014; de Gouw,
Joost/A-9675-2008
OI Osthoff, Hans/0000-0001-7155-6493; Monks, Paul/0000-0001-9984-4390;
Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588;
Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; Lerner, Brian/0000-0001-8721-8165;
Sommariva, Roberto/0000-0002-2728-5814; de Gouw,
Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826
FU Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
FX We would like to thank the crew of the NOAA R/V Brown for their help and
assistance during the field campaign; S. Ciciora, W. P. Dube, G. Hubler,
T. Thompson for help with shipping and setting up the PERCA instrument;
J. B. Burkholder for help in the determination of methyl iodide
photolysis rate; T. Thornberry for software used in the data analysis.
W. H. Brune, M. Martinez, H. Harder and P. Di Carlo for the TexAQS 2000
data. This work was supported by a grant from the Texas Commission on
Environmental Quality.
NR 37
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Z9 6
U1 0
U2 16
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 6
BP 2471
EP 2485
DI 10.5194/acp-11-2471-2011
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 742YW
UT WOS:000288982300004
ER
PT J
AU Jaegle, L
Quinn, PK
Bates, TS
Alexander, B
Lin, JT
AF Jaegle, L.
Quinn, P. K.
Bates, T. S.
Alexander, B.
Lin, J. -T.
TI Global distribution of sea salt aerosols: new constraints from in situ
and remote sensing observations
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; EXPERIMENT ACE 1; OPTICAL-THICKNESS; PARTICLE
DEPOSITION; VERTICAL PROFILES; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; PACIFIC OCEANS;
WIND-SPEED; MODEL; CLIMATE
AB We combine in situ measurements of sea salt aerosols (SS) from open ocean cruises and ground-based stations together with aerosol optical depth (AOD) observations from MODIS and AERONET, and the GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model to provide new constraints on SS emissions over the world's oceans. We find that the GEOS-Chem model using the Gong (2003) source function overestimates cruise observations of coarse mode SS mass concentrations by factors of 2-3 at high wind speeds over the cold waters of the Southern, North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans. Furthermore, the model systematically underestimates SS over the warm tropical waters of the Central Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans. This pattern is confirmed by SS measurements from a global network of 15 island and coastal stations. The model discrepancy at high wind speeds (>6 m s(-1)) has a clear dependence on sea surface temperature (SST). We use the cruise observations to derive an empirical SS source function depending on both wind speed and SST. Implementing this new source function in GEOS-Chem results in improved agreement with in situ observations, with a decrease in the model bias from +64% to +33% for the cruises and from +32% to -5% for the ground-based sites. We also show that the wind speed-SST source function significantly improves agreement with MODIS and AERONET AOD, and provides an explanation for the high AOD observed over the tropical oceans. With the wind speed-SST formulation, global SS emissions show a small decrease from 5200 Mg yr(-1) to 4600 Mg yr(-1), while the SS burden decreases from 9.1 to 8.5 mg m(-2). The spatial distribution of SS, however, is greatly affected, with the SS burden increasing by 50% in the tropics and decreasing by 40% at mid- and high-latitudes. Our results imply a stronger than expected halogen source from SS in the tropical marine boundary layer. They also imply stronger radiative forcing of SS in the tropics and a larger response of SS emissions to climate change than previously thought.
C1 [Jaegle, L.; Alexander, B.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Quinn, P. K.; Bates, T. S.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA USA.
[Lin, J. -T.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
RP Jaegle, L (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM jaegle@uw.edu
RI Lin, Jintai/A-8872-2012; Alexander, Becky/N-7048-2013; Chem,
GEOS/C-5595-2014; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn,
Patricia/R-1493-2016
OI Lin, Jintai/0000-0002-2362-2940; Alexander, Becky/0000-0001-9915-4621;
Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895
FU NASA [NNX08AK49G]
FX This work was supported by funding from the NASA Atmospheric Composition
Modeling and Analysis Program under award NNX08AK49G. This paper has
benefited from discussions with Tad Anderson and Rob Wood. We
acknowledge the MODIS and QuikSCAT mission scientists and science teams
for the production of the data used in this analysis. We thank the
AERONET PIs and their staff for establishing and maintaining the sites
used in this investigation.
NR 94
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PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 7
BP 3137
EP 3157
DI 10.5194/acp-11-3137-2011
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 750LN
UT WOS:000289548200008
ER
PT J
AU Huang, M
Carmichael, GR
Spak, SN
Adhikary, B
Kulkarni, S
Cheng, Y
Wei, C
Tang, Y
D'Allura, A
Wennberg, PO
Huey, GL
Dibb, JE
Jimenez, JL
Cubison, MJ
Weinheimer, AJ
Kaduwela, A
Cai, C
Wong, M
Pierce, RB
Al-Saadi, JA
Streets, DG
Zhang, Q
AF Huang, M.
Carmichael, G. R.
Spak, S. N.
Adhikary, B.
Kulkarni, S.
Cheng, Y.
Wei, C.
Tang, Y.
D'Allura, A.
Wennberg, P. O.
Huey, G. L.
Dibb, J. E.
Jimenez, J. L.
Cubison, M. J.
Weinheimer, A. J.
Kaduwela, A.
Cai, C.
Wong, M.
Pierce, R. Bradley
Al-Saadi, J. A.
Streets, D. G.
Zhang, Q.
TI Multi-scale modeling study of the source contributions to near-surface
ozone and sulfur oxides levels over California during the ARCTAS-CARB
period
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID AIR-QUALITY; UNITED-STATES; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; EMISSIONS; NOX;
SENSITIVITY; HYDROCARBON; DISTRIBUTIONS; VARIABILITY; TROPOSPHERE
AB Chronic high surface ozone (O-3) levels and the increasing sulfur oxides (SOx = SO2+SO4) ambient concentrations over South Coast (SC) and other areas of California (CA) are affected by both local emissions and long-range transport. In this paper, multi-scale tracer, full-chemistry and adjoint simulations using the STEM atmospheric chemistry model are conducted to assess the contribution of local emission sourcesto SC O-3 and to evaluate the impacts of transported sulfur and local emissions on the SC sulfur budget-during the ARCTAS-CARB experiment period in 2008. Sensitivity simulations quantify contributions of biogenic and fire emissions to SC O-3 levels. California biogenic and fire emissions contribute 3-4 ppb to near-surface O-3 over SC, with larger contributions to other regions in CA. During a long-range transport event from Asia starting from 22 June, high SOx levels (up to similar to 0.7 ppb of SO2 and similar to 1.3 ppb of SO4) is observed above similar to 6 km, but they did not affect CA surface air quality. The elevated SOx observed at 1-4 km is estimated to enhance surface SOx over SC by similar to 0.25 ppb (upper limit) on similar to 24 June. The near-surface SOx levels over SC during the flight week are attributed mostly to local emissions. Two anthropogenic SOx emission inventories (EIs) from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are compared and applied in 60 km and 12 km chemical transport simulations, and the results are compared with observations. The CARB EI shows improvements over the National Emission Inventory (NEI) by EPA, but generally underestimates surface SC SOx by about a factor of two. Adjoint sensitivity analysis indicated that SO2 levels at 00:00 UTC (17:00 local time) at six SC surface sites were influenced by previous day maritime emissions over the ocean, the terrestrial emissions over nearby urban areas, and by transported SO2 from the north through both terrestrial and maritime areas. Overall maritime emissions contribute 10-70% of SO2 and 20-60% fine SO4 on-shore and over the most terrestrial areas, with contributions decreasing with inland distance from the coast. Maritime emissions also modify the photochemical environment, shifting O-3 production over coastal SC to more VOC-limited conditions. These suggest an important role for shipping emission controls in reducing fine particle and O-3 concentrations in SC.
C1 [Huang, M.; Carmichael, G. R.; Spak, S. N.; Adhikary, B.; Kulkarni, S.; Cheng, Y.; Wei, C.] Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
[Adhikary, B.] Kathmandu Univ, Sch Engn, Dhulikhel, Nepal.
[Tang, Y.] NOAA, NOAA NCEP EMC, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[D'Allura, A.] ARIANET Srl, Milan, Italy.
[Wennberg, P. O.] CALTECH, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Wennberg, P. O.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Huey, G. L.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Dibb, J. E.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
[Jimenez, J. L.; Cubison, M. J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Weinheimer, A. J.] NCAR, Boulder, CO USA.
[Kaduwela, A.; Cai, C.] Calif Air Resource Board, Sacramento, CA USA.
[Wong, M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Pierce, R. Bradley] NOAA NESDIS, Madison, WI USA.
[Al-Saadi, J. A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Streets, D. G.; Zhang, Q.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Huang, M (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
EM mhuang1@engineering.uiowa.edu
RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; wei, chao/E-4379-2011; Pierce, Robert
Bradley/F-5609-2010; Cheng, Yafang/F-9362-2010; Wennberg,
Paul/A-5460-2012; Zhang, Qiang/D-9034-2012; Spak, Scott/B-7331-2008;
hui, wanghui/C-5671-2008;
OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Pierce, Robert
Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; Kaduwela, Ajith/0000-0002-7236-2698; Cheng,
Yafang/0000-0003-4912-9879; Spak, Scott/0000-0002-8545-1411; Streets,
David/0000-0002-0223-1350
FU NASA [NNX08AH56G, NNX08AD39G]
FX We would like to thank the ARCTAS science team and two anonymous
reviewers. We thank Tianfeng Chai (NOAA/OAR/ARL) for helping with the
STEM adjoint model. This work was supported by a NASA award
(NNX08AH56G). Jose L. Jimenez and Michael J. Cubison were supported by
NASA NNX08AD39G. The authors would also like to acknowledge NOAA, the US
EPA and CARB for support of the ground measurements. The views,
opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the
author(s) and should not be construed as an official NOAA or US
Government position, policy, or decision.
NR 38
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PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 7
BP 3173
EP 3194
DI 10.5194/acp-11-3173-2011
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 750LN
UT WOS:000289548200010
ER
PT J
AU Bousquet, P
Ringeval, B
Pison, I
Dlugokencky, EJ
Brunke, EG
Carouge, C
Chevallier, F
Fortems-Cheiney, A
Frankenberg, C
Hauglustaine, DA
Krummel, PB
Langenfelds, RL
Ramonet, M
Schmidt, M
Steele, LP
Szopa, S
Yver, C
Viovy, N
Ciais, P
AF Bousquet, P.
Ringeval, B.
Pison, I.
Dlugokencky, E. J.
Brunke, E. -G.
Carouge, C.
Chevallier, F.
Fortems-Cheiney, A.
Frankenberg, C.
Hauglustaine, D. A.
Krummel, P. B.
Langenfelds, R. L.
Ramonet, M.
Schmidt, M.
Steele, L. P.
Szopa, S.
Yver, C.
Viovy, N.
Ciais, P.
TI Source attribution of the changes in atmospheric methane for 2006-2008
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID GLOBAL VEGETATION MODEL; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; METHYL CHLOROFORM;
TRANSPORT; EMISSIONS; CH4; CO2; OH; CONSTRAINTS; INVERSIONS
AB The recent increase of atmospheric methane is investigated by using two atmospheric inversions to quantify the distribution of sources and sinks for the 2006-2008 period, and a process-based model of methane emissions by natural wetland ecosystems. Methane emissions derived from the two inversions are consistent at a global scale: emissions are decreased in 2006 (-7 Tg) and increased in 2007 (+21 Tg) and 2008 (+18 Tg), as compared to the 1999-2006 period. The agreement on the latitudinal partition of the flux anomalies for the two inversions is fair in 2006, good in 2007, and not good in 2008. In 2007, a positive anomaly of tropical emissions is found to be the main contributor to the global emission anomalies (similar to 60-80%) for both inversions, with a dominant share attributed to natural wetlands (similar to 2/3), and a significant contribution from high latitudes (similar to 25%). The wetland ecosystem model produces smaller and more balanced positive emission anomalies between the tropics and the high latitudes for 2006, 2007 and 2008, mainly due to precipitation changes during these years. At a global scale, the agreement between the ecosystem model and the inversions is good in 2008 but not satisfying in 2006 and 2007. Tropical South America and Boreal Eurasia appear to be major contributors to variations in methane emissions consistently in the inversions and the ecosystem model. Finally, changes in OH radicals during 2006-2008 are found to be less than 1% in inversions, with only a small impact on the inferred methane emissions.
C1 [Bousquet, P.; Ringeval, B.; Pison, I.; Carouge, C.; Chevallier, F.; Fortems-Cheiney, A.; Hauglustaine, D. A.; Ramonet, M.; Schmidt, M.; Szopa, S.; Yver, C.; Viovy, N.; Ciais, P.] CEA CNRS UVSQ, IPSL LSCE, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Bousquet, P.] Univ Versailles St Quentin Yvelines, Versailles, France.
[Dlugokencky, E. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA.
[Brunke, E. -G.] S African Weather Serv, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
[Frankenberg, C.; Langenfelds, R. L.; Steele, L. P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Bousquet, P (reprint author), CEA CNRS UVSQ, IPSL LSCE, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
EM philippe.bousquet@lsce.ipsl.fr
RI Langenfelds, Raymond/B-5381-2012; Krummel, Paul/A-4293-2013; Chevallier,
Frederic/E-9608-2016; Steele, Paul/B-3185-2009; Szopa,
Sophie/F-8984-2010; Carouge, Claire/A-4755-2012; Frankenberg,
Christian/A-2944-2013;
OI Krummel, Paul/0000-0002-4884-3678; Chevallier,
Frederic/0000-0002-4327-3813; Steele, Paul/0000-0002-8234-3730; Szopa,
Sophie/0000-0002-8641-1737; Carouge, Claire/0000-0002-0313-8385;
Frankenberg, Christian/0000-0002-0546-5857; Ringeval,
Bruno/0000-0001-8405-1304
FU French CNRS; EU; CNRS-INSU
FX French Atomic agency (CEA) and Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de
l'Environnement (LSCE) are to be thanked for providing computing time to
this work. Part of this work is funded by French CNRS and by EU projects
HYMN (Peter van Velthoven) and NITROEUROPE (inversion component: Peter
Bergamaschi). We acknowledge G. Van der Werf for providing CH4 emissions
from fires and J. Kaplan for providing the CH4 emission maps from
wetlands, to the NITROEUROPE project. We acknowledge the TRANSCOM
community for the region map used in this work. Nathalie de Noblet
(LSCE) and Pierre Friedlingstein (University of Bristol/LSCE) must be
thanked for fruitful discussion on ORCHIDEE model. C. Prigent (Paris
observatory) and F. Papa (GISS/USA) can be thanked to have provided the
inundation maps used in ORCHIDEE model for 1993-2000.; The publication
of this article is financed by CNRS-INSU.
NR 52
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PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 8
BP 3689
EP 3700
DI 10.5194/acp-11-3689-2011
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 756MC
UT WOS:000290014300008
ER
PT J
AU Nevison, CD
Dlugokencky, E
Dutton, G
Elkins, JW
Fraser, P
Hall, B
Krummel, PB
Langenfelds, RL
O'Doherty, S
Prinn, RG
Steele, LP
Weiss, RF
AF Nevison, C. D.
Dlugokencky, E.
Dutton, G.
Elkins, J. W.
Fraser, P.
Hall, B.
Krummel, P. B.
Langenfelds, R. L.
O'Doherty, S.
Prinn, R. G.
Steele, L. P.
Weiss, R. F.
TI Exploring causes of interannual variability in the seasonal cycles of
tropospheric nitrous oxide
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; POLAR VORTEX; SOURCE GAS; N2O; STRATOSPHERE;
OZONE; MODEL; AIR; EMISSIONS; O-2/N-2
AB Seasonal cycles in the mixing ratios of tropospheric nitrous oxide (N2O) are derived by detrending long-term measurements made at sites across four global surface monitoring networks. The detrended monthly data display large interannual variability, which at some sites challenges the concept of a "mean" seasonal cycle. In the Northern Hemisphere, correlations between polar winter lower stratospheric temperature and detrended N2O data, around the month of the seasonal minimum, provide empirical evidence for a stratospheric influence, which varies in strength from year to year and can explain much of the interannual variability in the surface seasonal cycle. Even at sites where a strong, competing, regional N2O source exists, such as from coastal upwelling at Trinidad Head, California, the stratospheric influence must be understood to interpret the biogeochemical signal in monthly mean data. In the Southern Hemisphere, detrended surface N2O monthly means are correlated with polar spring lower stratospheric temperature in months preceding the N2O minimum, providing empirical evidence for a coherent stratospheric influence in that hemisphere as well, in contrast to some recent atmospheric chemical transport model (ACTM) results. Correlations between the phasing of the surface N2O seasonal cycle in both hemispheres and both polar lower stratospheric temperature and polar vortex break-up date provide additional support for a stratospheric influence. The correlations discussed above are generally more evident in high-frequency in situ data than in data from weekly flask samples. Furthermore, the interannual variability in the N2O seasonal cycle is not always correlated among in situ and flask networks that share common sites, nor do the mean seasonal amplitudes always agree. The importance of abiotic influences such as the stratospheric influx and tropospheric transport on N2O seasonal cycles suggests that, at sites remote from local sources, surface N2O mixing ratio data by themselves are unlikely to provide information about seasonality in surface sources, e. g., for atmospheric inversions, unless the ACTMs employed in the inversions accurately account for these influences. An additional abioitc influence is the seasonal ingassing and outgassing of cooling and warming surface waters, which creates a thermal signal in tropospheric N2O that is of particular importance in the extratropical Southern Hemisphere, where it competes with the biological ocean source signal.
C1 [Nevison, C. D.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Dlugokencky, E.; Dutton, G.; Elkins, J. W.; Hall, B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA.
[Dutton, G.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Fraser, P.; Krummel, P. B.; Langenfelds, R. L.; Steele, L. P.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia.
[O'Doherty, S.] Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Bristol, Avon, England.
[Prinn, R. G.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Ctr Global Change Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Weiss, R. F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
RP Nevison, CD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM nevison@colorado.edu
RI Steele, Paul/B-3185-2009; Langenfelds, Raymond/B-5381-2012; Krummel,
Paul/A-4293-2013
OI Steele, Paul/0000-0002-8234-3730; Krummel, Paul/0000-0002-4884-3678
FU NASA [NNX08AB48G]
FX CDN acknowledges support from NASA grant NNX08AB48G and thanks Paul
Newman and Eric Nash for stratospheric data and Farahnaz Khosrawi, Qing
Liang and Ralph Keeling for helpful comments. The authors are deeply
grateful to the many people, from many organisations around the world,
who have contributed to the production of the excellent N2O
datasets that have made this study possible. These include the people
who diligently collect flask air samples, those who analyze the flask
samples, and those staff who maintain the optimal operation and
calibration of in situ instruments at baseline sites.
NR 43
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 18
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 8
BP 3713
EP 3730
DI 10.5194/acp-11-3713-2011
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 756MC
UT WOS:000290014300010
ER
PT J
AU Fry, JL
Kiendler-Scharr, A
Rollins, AW
Brauers, T
Brown, SS
Dorn, HP
Dube, WP
Fuchs, H
Mensah, A
Rohrer, F
Tillmann, R
Wahner, A
Wooldridge, PJ
Cohen, RC
AF Fry, J. L.
Kiendler-Scharr, A.
Rollins, A. W.
Brauers, T.
Brown, S. S.
Dorn, H. -P.
Dube, W. P.
Fuchs, H.
Mensah, A.
Rohrer, F.
Tillmann, R.
Wahner, A.
Wooldridge, P. J.
Cohen, R. C.
TI SOA from limonene: role of NO3 in its generation and degradation
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; ATMOSPHERE SIMULATION CHAMBER; POSITIVE
MATRIX FACTORIZATION; RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS;
MASS-SPECTROMETRY; VAPOR-PRESSURES; ALPHA-PINENE; MODEL; MONOTERPENES
AB The formation of organic nitrates and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) were monitored during the NO3 + limonene reaction in the atmosphere simulation chamber SAPHIR at Research Center Julich. The 24-h run began in a purged, dry, particle-free chamber and comprised two injections of limonene and oxidants, such that the first experiment measured SOA yield in the absence of seed aerosol, and the second experiment yields in the presence of 10 mu g m(-3) seed organic aerosol. After each injection, two separate increases in aerosol mass were observed, corresponding to sequential oxidation of the two limonene double bonds. Analysis of the measured NO3, limonene, product nitrate concentrations, and aerosol properties provides mechanistic insight and constrains rate constants, branching ratios and vapor pressures of the products. The organic nitrate yield from NO3 + limonene is approximate to 30%. The SOA mass yield was observed to be 25-40%. The first injection is reproduced by a kinetic model. PMF analysis of the aerosol composition suggests that much of the aerosol mass results from combined oxidation by both O-3 and NO3, e. g., oxidation of NO3 + limonene products by O-3. Further, later aerosol nitrate mass seems to derive from heterogeneous uptake of NO3 onto unreacted aerosol alkene.
C1 [Fry, J. L.; Rollins, A. W.; Wooldridge, P. J.; Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Kiendler-Scharr, A.; Brauers, T.; Dorn, H. -P.; Mensah, A.; Rohrer, F.; Tillmann, R.; Wahner, A.] Forschungszentrum Julich, IEK Troposphare 8, D-52425 Julich, Germany.
[Brown, S. S.; Dube, W. P.; Fuchs, H.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Cohen, RC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM rccohen@berkeley.edu
RI Kiendler-Scharr, Astrid/E-8439-2011; Rollins, Andrew/G-7214-2012; Dube,
William/I-1658-2013; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Cohen,
Ronald/A-8842-2011; Fuchs, Hendrik/I-9157-2012; Wahner,
Andreas/J-4129-2012; Mensah, Amewu/D-2275-2015; Dorn,
Hans-Peter/B-3054-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Rohrer,
Franz/I-2052-2012; Brauers, Theo/A-8444-2008; Tillmann, Ralf/I-9203-2012
OI Kiendler-Scharr, Astrid/0000-0003-3166-2253; Dube,
William/0000-0003-1286-4087; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Fuchs,
Hendrik/0000-0003-1263-0061; Wahner, Andreas/0000-0001-8948-1928; Dorn,
Hans-Peter/0000-0001-5945-7708; Rohrer, Franz/0000-0003-3436-3419;
Brauers, Theo/0000-0001-6671-8566; Tillmann, Ralf/0000-0003-0648-6622
FU NSF [ATM-0639847, NSF ATM-0511829]; SAPHIR at Forschungszentrum Julich;
European Network of Excellence ACCENT [GOCE CT-2004-505337]; EUROCHAMP
FX The Berkeley authors were supported by NSF ATM-0639847 and NSF
ATM-0511829. The authors thank the entire SAPHIR NO3
intercomparison campaign team, June 2007 at Forschungszentrum Julich,
for their support of these experiments. This work was a joint activity
of the European Network of Excellence ACCENT (contract no: GOCE
CT-2004-505337) and EUROCHAMP.
NR 58
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Z9 41
U1 5
U2 71
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 8
BP 3879
EP 3894
DI 10.5194/acp-11-3879-2011
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 756MC
UT WOS:000290014300022
ER
PT J
AU Bonisch, H
Engel, A
Birner, T
Hoor, P
Tarasick, DW
Ray, EA
AF Boenisch, H.
Engel, A.
Birner, Th.
Hoor, P.
Tarasick, D. W.
Ray, E. A.
TI On the structural changes in the Brewer-Dobson circulation after 2000
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; STRATOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; LOWERMOST STRATOSPHERE;
TRACER CORRELATIONS; QUANTIFYING TRANSPORT; NITROUS-OXIDE; PIPE MODEL;
TROPOPAUSE; OZONE; TROPOSPHERE
AB In this paper we present evidence that the observed increase in tropical upwelling after the year 2000 may be attributed to a change in the Brewer-Dobson circulation pattern. For this purpose, we use the concept of transit times derived from residual circulation trajectories and different in-situ measurements of ozone and nitrous dioxide. Observations from the Canadian midlatitude ozone profile record, probability density functions of in-situ N(2)O observations and a shift of the N(2)O-O(3) correlation slopes, taken together, indicate that the increased upwelling in the tropics after the year 2000 appears to have triggered an intensification of tracer transport from the tropics into the extra-tropics in the lower stratosphere below about 500 K. This finding is corroborated by the fact that transit times along the shallow branch of the residual circulation into the LMS have decreased for the same time period (1993-2003). On a longer time scale (1979-2009), the transit time of the shallow residual circulation branch show a steady decrease of about -1 month/decade over the last 30 yr, while the transit times of the deep branch remain unchanged. This highlights that changes in the upwelling across the tropical tropopause are not sufficient as an indicator for changes in the entire Brewer-Dobson circulation.
C1 [Boenisch, H.; Engel, A.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Atmospher & Environm Sci, Frankfurt, Germany.
[Birner, Th.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Hoor, P.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Atmospher Phys, D-6500 Mainz, Germany.
[Tarasick, D. W.] Environm Canada, Downsview, ON, Canada.
[Ray, E. A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO USA.
[Ray, E. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Bonisch, H (reprint author), Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Atmospher & Environm Sci, Frankfurt, Germany.
EM boenisch@iau.uni-frankfurt.de
RI Birner, Thomas/A-2108-2008; Ray, Eric/D-5941-2013; hoor,
peter/G-5421-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Engel,
Andreas/E-3100-2014;
OI Birner, Thomas/0000-0002-2966-3428; Ray, Eric/0000-0001-8727-9849; hoor,
peter/0000-0001-6582-6864; Engel, Andreas/0000-0003-0557-3935; Tarasick,
David/0000-0001-9869-0692
FU DFG [EN 367/9-1]
FX This work was supported by the DFG research group SHARP under grant
number EN 367/9-1. In particular, we would like to thank Heini Wernli,
who facilitated the reanalysis of the meteorology and the
back-trajectory calculations for the STREAM data set. Access to JRA25
data, originally generated by the cooperative research project of the
JRA-25 long-term reanalysis by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and
the Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), was
provided through NCAR.
NR 53
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U1 4
U2 22
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 8
BP 3937
EP 3948
DI 10.5194/acp-11-3937-2011
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 756MC
UT WOS:000290014300025
ER
PT J
AU Wang, H
Rasch, PJ
Feingold, G
AF Wang, H.
Rasch, P. J.
Feingold, G.
TI Manipulating marine stratocumulus cloud amount and albedo: a
process-modelling study of aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions in
response to injection of cloud condensation nuclei
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; SOUTHEAST PACIFIC STRATOCUMULUS; MESOSCALE
CELLULAR STRUCTURES; BOUNDARY-LAYER; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; VOCALS-REX; PART
II; MICROPHYSICS; ENHANCEMENT; DRIZZLE
AB We use a cloud-system-resolving model to study marine-cloud brightening. We examine how injected aerosol particles that act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) are transported within the marine boundary layer and how the additional particles in clouds impact cloud microphysical processes, and feedback on dynamics. Results show that the effectiveness of cloud brightening depends strongly on meteorological and background aerosol conditions. Cloud albedo enhancement is very effective in a weakly precipitating boundary layer and in CCN-limited conditions preceded by heavy and/or persistent precipitation. The additional CCN help sustain cloud water by weakening the precipitation substantially in the former case and preventing the boundary layer from collapse in the latter. For a given amount of injected CCN, the injection method (i.e., number and distribution of sprayers) is critical to the spatial distribution of these CCN. Both the areal coverage and the number concentration of injected particles are key players but neither one always emerges as more important than the other. The same amount of injected material is much less effective in either strongly precipitating clouds or polluted clouds, and it is ineffective in a relatively dry boundary layer that supports clouds of low liquid water path. In the polluted case and "dry" case, the CCN injection increases drop number concentration but lowers supersaturation and liquid water path. As a result, the cloud experiences very weak albedo enhancement, regardless of the injection method.
C1 [Wang, H.; Rasch, P. J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Feingold, G.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Wang, H (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
EM hailong.wang@pnl.gov
RI Wang, Hailong/B-8061-2010; Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Wang, Hailong/0000-0002-1994-4402;
FU University of Calgary; NOAA
FX This research has been funded by the Fund for Innovative Climate and
Energy Research (FICER) at the University of Calgary (HW and PJR), and
NOAA's Climate Goal program (GF). This does not constitute endorsement
of deployment in any form of geoengineering by the funding agencies. We
thank John Latham for helpful discussion and comments. Robert Wood and
an anonymous referee are thanked for their insightful reviews and
valuable comments.
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PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 9
BP 4237
EP 4249
DI 10.5194/acp-11-4237-2011
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 764GT
UT WOS:000290618600016
ER
PT J
AU Murphy, DM
Chow, JC
Leibensperger, EM
Malm, WC
Pitchford, M
Schichtel, BA
Watson, JG
White, WH
AF Murphy, D. M.
Chow, J. C.
Leibensperger, E. M.
Malm, W. C.
Pitchford, M.
Schichtel, B. A.
Watson, J. G.
White, W. H.
TI Decreases in elemental carbon and fine particle mass in the United
States
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ORGANIC AEROSOL FORMATION; DIESEL VEHICLES; AIR-QUALITY; EMISSIONS;
PROTOCOL; TRENDS
AB Observations at national parks and other remote sites show that average elemental carbon and fine particle mass concentrations in the United States both decreased by over 25% between 1990 and 2004. Percentage decreases in elemental carbon were much larger in winter than in summer. These data suggest that emissions controls have been effective in reducing particulate concentrations not only in polluted areas but also across the United States. Despite the reduction in elemental carbon, the simultaneous decrease in non-absorbing particles implies that the overall radiative forcing from these changes was toward warming. The use of a 2005 instead of 1990 as a baseline for climate-relevant emissions from the United States would imply a significantly lower baseline for aerosol emissions. The use of older data will overestimate the possibility for future reductions in warming due to black carbon controls.
C1 [Murphy, D. M.] Div Chem Sci, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Chow, J. C.; Watson, J. G.] Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA.
[Leibensperger, E. M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Malm, W. C.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Pitchford, M.] Air Resources Lab, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA.
[Schichtel, B. A.] Colorado State Univ, Natl Pk Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[White, W. H.] Univ Calif Davis, Crocker Nucl Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Murphy, DM (reprint author), Div Chem Sci, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM daniel.m.murphy@noaa.gov
RI Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015;
Watson, John/E-6869-2010
OI Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; White, Warren H/0000-0001-7323-7867;
Watson, John/0000-0002-1752-6899
FU NOAA; EPA; National Park Service [C2350-06-4026]
FX The authors acknowledge the federal and state sponsors of the IMPROVE
network that make possible the generation and public availability of the
data upon which this work depends. The IMPROVE program and steering
committee are described at: http://vista.cira.colostate.edu/improve/. D.
M. M. was supported by NOAA climate change funding. E. M. L. was
supported by an EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Graduate
Fellowship. W. H. W. was supported by National Park Service contract
C2350-06-4026. We thank John Ogren and Betsy Andrews of NOAA ESRL Global
Monitoring Division for reprocessing their Trinidad Head data. The views
presented herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted
as necessarily representing the policies of the agencies.
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PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 10
BP 4679
EP 4686
DI 10.5194/acp-11-4679-2011
PG 8
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 770NU
UT WOS:000291094500006
ER
PT J
AU Nair, PJ
Godin-Beekmann, S
Pazmino, A
Hauchecorne, A
Ancellet, G
Petropavlovskikh, I
Flynn, LE
Froidevaux, L
AF Nair, P. J.
Godin-Beekmann, S.
Pazmino, A.
Hauchecorne, A.
Ancellet, G.
Petropavlovskikh, I.
Flynn, L. E.
Froidevaux, L.
TI Coherence of long-term stratospheric ozone vertical distribution time
series used for the study of ozone recovery at a northern mid-latitude
station
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID HALOGEN OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT; DIAL MEASUREMENTS; DATA SET; SAGE-II;
TRENDS; PROFILES; TEMPERATURE; VALIDATION; UMKEHR; UNCERTAINTIES
AB The coherence of stratospheric ozone time series retrieved from various observational records is investigated at Haute-Provence Observatory (OHP-43.93 degrees N, 5.71 degrees E). The analysis is accomplished through the intercomparison of collocated ozone measurements of Light Detection and Ranging (lidar) with Solar Backscatter UltraViolet(/2) (SBUV(/2)), Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II (SAGE II), Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE), Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) and Aura and Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars (GOMOS) satellite observations as well as with in situ ozonesondes and ground-based Umkehr measurements performed at OHP. A detailed statistical study of the relative differences of ozone observations over the whole stratosphere is performed to detect any specific drift in the data. On average, all instruments show their best agreement with lidar at 20-40 km, where deviations are within +/- 5%. Discrepancies are somewhat higher below 20 and above 40 km. The agreement with SAGE II data is remarkable since average differences are within +/- 1% at 1741 km. In contrast, Umkehr data underestimate systematically the lidar measurements in the whole stratosphere with a near zero bias at 16-8 hPa (similar to 30 km). Drifts are estimated using simple linear regression for the data sets analysed in this study, from the monthly averaged difference time series. The derived values are less than +/- 0.5% yr-1 in the 20-40 km altitude range and most drifts are not significant at the 2 sigma level. We also discuss the possibilities of extending the SAGE II and HALOE data with the GOMOS and Aura MLS data in consideration with relative offsets and drifts since the combination of such data sets are likely to be used for the study of stratospheric ozone recovery in the future.
C1 [Nair, P. J.; Godin-Beekmann, S.; Pazmino, A.; Hauchecorne, A.; Ancellet, G.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, Univ Paris 06, LATMOS IPSL, CNRS INSU,UMR 8190, Paris, France.
[Petropavlovskikh, I.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Flynn, L. E.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Froidevaux, L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Nair, PJ (reprint author), Univ Versailles St Quentin, Univ Paris 06, LATMOS IPSL, CNRS INSU,UMR 8190, Paris, France.
EM gopalapi@aero.jussieu.fr
RI Flynn, Lawrence/B-6321-2009; Hauchecorne, Alain/A-8489-2013;
OI Flynn, Lawrence/0000-0001-6856-2614; Hauchecorne,
Alain/0000-0001-9888-6994
FU GEOMON (Global Earth Observation and Monitoring of the Atmosphere);
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
FX We would like to thank Cathy Boonne for maintaining ETHER data cluster,
the NASA Langley Research Center (NASA-LaRC) and the NASA Langley
Radiation and Aerosols Branch for providing SAGE II data and, the
collaborative institutes of the NASA Langley Research Center for
maintaining HALOE data. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Technology was done under contract with the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The data used in this
publication were obtained as part of the NDACC and are publicly
available (see http://www.ndacc.org). The data used in this effort were
acquired as part of the activities of NASA's Science Mission
Directorate, and are archived and distributed by the Goddard Earth
Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC). This work is
supported by a funding from the GEOMON (Global Earth Observation and
Monitoring of the Atmosphere) European project.
NR 59
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U1 0
U2 5
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 10
BP 4957
EP 4975
DI 10.5194/acp-11-4957-2011
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 770NU
UT WOS:000291094500026
ER
PT J
AU Yang, M
Huebert, BJ
Blomquist, BW
Howell, SG
Shank, LM
McNaughton, CS
Clarke, AD
Hawkins, LN
Russell, LM
Covert, DS
Coffman, DJ
Bates, TS
Quinn, PK
Zagorac, N
Bandy, AR
de Szoeke, SP
Zuidema, PD
Tucker, SC
Brewer, WA
Benedict, KB
Collett, JL
AF Yang, M.
Huebert, B. J.
Blomquist, B. W.
Howell, S. G.
Shank, L. M.
McNaughton, C. S.
Clarke, A. D.
Hawkins, L. N.
Russell, L. M.
Covert, D. S.
Coffman, D. J.
Bates, T. S.
Quinn, P. K.
Zagorac, N.
Bandy, A. R.
de Szoeke, S. P.
Zuidema, P. D.
Tucker, S. C.
Brewer, W. A.
Benedict, K. B.
Collett, J. L.
TI Atmospheric sulfur cycling in the southeastern Pacific - longitudinal
distribution, vertical profile, and diel variability observed during
VOCALS-REx
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; WET SCAVENGING COEFFICIENT; AEROSOL-PARTICLES;
DIMETHYL SULFIDE; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; EDDY-CORRELATION; DIURNAL CYCLE;
STRATOCUMULUS; CLOUD; SEA
AB Dimethylsulfide (DMS) emitted from the ocean is a biogenic precursor gas for sulfur dioxide (SO2) and non-sea-salt sulfate aerosols (SO42-). During the VAMOS-Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx) in 2008, multiple instrumented platforms were deployed in the Southeastern Pacific (SEP) off the coast of Chile and Peru to study the linkage between aerosols and stratocumulus clouds. We present here observations from the NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown and the NSF/NCAR C-130 aircraft along similar to 20 degrees S from the coast (70 degrees W) to a remote marine atmosphere (85 degrees W). While SO42- and SO2 concentrations were distinctly elevated above background levels in the coastal marine boundary layer (MBL) due to anthropogenic influence (similar to 800 and 80 pptv, respectively), their concentrations rapidly decreased west of 78 degrees W (similar to 100 and 25 pptv). In the remote region, entrainment from the free troposphere (FT) increased MBL SO2 burden at a rate of 0.05 +/- 0.02 mu moles m(-2) day(-1) and diluted MBL SO42 burden at a rate of 0.5 +/- 0.3 mu moles m(-2) day(-1), while the sea-to-air DMS flux (3.8 +/- 0.4 mu moles m(-2) day(-1)) remained the pre-dominant source of sulfur mass to the MBL. In-cloud oxidation was found to be the most important mechanism for SO2 removal and in situ SO42- production. Surface SO42- concentration in the remote MBL displayed pronounced diel variability, increasing rapidly in the first few hours after sunset and decaying for the rest of the day. We theorize that the increase in SO42- was due to nighttime recoupling of the MBL that mixed down cloud-processed air, while decoupling and sporadic precipitation scavenging were responsible for the daytime decline in SO42-.
C1 [Yang, M.; Huebert, B. J.; Blomquist, B. W.; Howell, S. G.; Shank, L. M.; McNaughton, C. S.; Clarke, A. D.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Hawkins, L. N.; Russell, L. M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Covert, D. S.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Coffman, D. J.; Bates, T. S.; Quinn, P. K.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Zagorac, N.; Bandy, A. R.] Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[de Szoeke, S. P.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Zuidema, P. D.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Tucker, S. C.] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO USA.
[Brewer, W. A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Benedict, K. B.; Collett, J. L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Huebert, BJ (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
EM huebert@hawaii.edu
RI Benedict, Katherine/E-6260-2011; Zuidema, Paquita/C-9659-2013; Collett,
Jeffrey/F-2862-2010; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn,
Patricia/R-1493-2016
OI Benedict, Katherine/0000-0002-0530-8835; Zuidema,
Paquita/0000-0003-4719-372X; Collett, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9180-508X; Yang,
Mingxi/0000-0002-8321-5984; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895
FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0241611, ATM-0526341, ATM-0744636,
ATM-0745337]
FX We thank the National Science Foundation for support of this work
through grant ATM-0241611, ATM-0526341, ATM-0744636, and ATM-0745337.
Aircraft thermodynamic data and ancillary gas concentrations were
provided by NCAR/EOL under sponsorship of the NSF
(http://data.eol.ucar.edu/masterlist/?project=VOCALS). PMEL data were
downloaded from
http://saga.pmel.noaa.gov/data/download.php?cruise=VOCALS. Special
thanks to R. A. Weller, C. W. Fairall, R. Wood, C. S. Bretherton, R. M.
Simpson, as well as the crews of RHB and C-130.
NR 65
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U1 0
U2 29
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 10
BP 5079
EP 5097
DI 10.5194/acp-11-5079-2011
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 770NU
UT WOS:000291094500031
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, F
Zhou, LX
Novelli, PC
Worthy, DEJ
Zellweger, C
Klausen, J
Ernst, M
Steinbacher, M
Cai, YX
Xu, L
Fang, SX
Yao, B
AF Zhang, F.
Zhou, L. X.
Novelli, P. C.
Worthy, D. E. J.
Zellweger, C.
Klausen, J.
Ernst, M.
Steinbacher, M.
Cai, Y. X.
Xu, L.
Fang, S. X.
Yao, B.
TI Evaluation of in situ measurements of atmospheric carbon monoxide at
Mount Waliguan, China
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID STABLE ISOTOPIC-RATIOS; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY;
NATIONAL-PARK; TERM RECORD; TRAJECTORIES; JUNGFRAUJOCH; TRENDS; CO2
AB Quasicontinuous measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) recorded over three years at Mount Waliguan (WLG), a global baseline station in remote western China, were examined using back trajectory analysis. The data include a revision to correct the working reference scale to the WMO2000 scale and corrections for drift in the reference gases. Between July 2004 and June 2007, CO exhibited large fluctuations and the 5%, 50% and 95%-percentiles of relevant CO mixing ratios were 102 ppb, 126 ppb and 194 ppb. Approximately 50% of all observed data were selected as CO background data using a mathematical procedure of robust local regression, with the remainder affected by regional-scale pollution. The monthly mean background CO mixing ratios showed a minimum in summer and a maximum in late winter, although all seasons were affected by short-term enhancements that exceeded background levels. The CO data were compared to values observed at the high alpine research station at Jungfraujoch, Switzerland. Smaller seasonal amplitudes were observed at WLG compared to the Jungfraujoch due to lower winter and spring CO levels, however, episodic enhancements of polluted air were greater at WLG. The air parcels arriving at WLG came predominately from the west, except in summer when advection from the east and southeast prevailed. Transport from the east or southeast typically brought polluted air to the site, having passed over populated urban areas upwind. A large number of elevated CO mixing ratios could also be associated with advection from the northwest of WLG via the central Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR) and the Ge'ermu urban area where growing industrial activities as well as crops residue burning provide sources of CO. Air masses passing over northwestern Gansu were associated with relatively high CO values suggesting an anthropogenic influence, which was likely due to anthropogenic emissions from northwestern China (based on back-trajectory and potential source contribution analysis and on the INTEX-B: intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment-Phase B). Background conditions were observed most frequently in air parcels from remote Tibet west of WLG. The probability that air parcels pass over regions of clean or polluted regions was further identified using potential source contribution function (PSCF) analysis.
C1 [Zhang, F.; Zhou, L. X.; Xu, L.; Fang, S. X.; Yao, B.] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci CAMS, CMA, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
[Zhang, F.] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
[Novelli, P. C.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Worthy, D. E. J.; Ernst, M.] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada.
[Zellweger, C.; Steinbacher, M.] Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol, Empa, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland.
[Klausen, J.] Fed Off Meteorol & Climatol MeteoSwiss, Fed Dept Home Affairs FDHA, CH-8044 Zurich, Switzerland.
[Cai, Y. X.] CMA, Qinghai Meteorol Bur, Xining 810001, Peoples R China.
RP Zhou, LX (reprint author), Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci CAMS, CMA, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
EM zhoulx@cams.cma.gov.cn
RI Steinbacher, Martin/B-7424-2009
OI Steinbacher, Martin/0000-0002-7195-8115
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [40775078]; Non-profit
Research Project [GYHY200806026]; MOST [2007DFA20650]; National Basic
Research Program of China "973" [2010CB950601]
FX This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China
(40775078), Non-profit Research Project (Grant No. GYHY200806026)
International S&T Cooperation Program of MOST (Grant No. 2007DFA20650)
and National Basic Research Program of China "973" (Grant No.
2010CB950601). The station personnel have extensively supported the
operation at WLG station. Yaqiang Wang (CMA/CAMS) is acknowledged for
his help with the calculation of trajectories and clustering/PSCF.
Xingqin An (CMA/CAMS) and Gabrielle Petron (NOAA/ESRL/GMD) provided maps
of CO emissions in the region near Mt. Waliguan.
NR 37
TC 14
Z9 18
U1 1
U2 15
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 11
BP 5195
EP 5206
DI 10.5194/acp-11-5195-2011
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 777PT
UT WOS:000291636400006
ER
PT J
AU Grell, G
Freitas, SR
Stuefer, M
Fast, J
AF Grell, G.
Freitas, S. R.
Stuefer, M.
Fast, J.
TI Inclusion of biomass burning in WRF-Chem: impact of wildfires on weather
forecasts
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID POLLUTION MODELING SYSTEM; AEROSOL ACTIVATION; SOUTH-AMERICA; CLOUD;
PARAMETERIZATION; REPRESENTATION; FIRE; CHEMISTRY; TRANSPORT;
SENSITIVITY
AB A plume rise algorithm for wildfires was included in WRF-Chem, and applied to look at the impact of intense wildfires during the 2004 Alaska wildfire season on weather simulations using model resolutions of 10 km and 2 km. Biomass burning emissions were estimated using a biomass burning emissions model. In addition, a 1-D, time-dependent cloud model was used online in WRF-Chem to estimate injection heights as well as the vertical distribution of the emission rates. It was shown that with the inclusion of the intense wildfires of the 2004 fire season in the model simulations, the interaction of the aerosols with the atmospheric radiation led to significant modifications of vertical profiles of temperature and moisture in cloud-free areas. On the other hand, when clouds were present, the high concentrations of fine aerosol (PM(2.5)) and the resulting large numbers of Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) had a strong impact on clouds and cloud microphysics, with decreased precipitation coverage and precipitation amounts during the first 12 h of the integration. During the afternoon, storms were of convective nature and appeared significantly stronger, probably as a result of both the interaction of aerosols with radiation (through an increase in CAPE) as well as the interaction with cloud microphysics.
C1 [Grell, G.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Grell, G.] Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Freitas, S. R.] INPE, Ctr Weather Forecasting & Climate Studies, Cachoeira Paulista, Brazil.
[Stuefer, M.] Univ Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA.
[Fast, J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
RP Grell, G (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM georg.a.grell@noaa.gov
RI Freitas, Saulo/A-2279-2012; grell, georg/B-6234-2015
OI Freitas, Saulo/0000-0002-9879-646X; grell, georg/0000-0001-5214-8742
FU Arctic Region Supercomputing Center (ARSC) at the University of Alaska
Fairbanks (UAF); Geophysical Institute of the University of Alaska
Fairbanks
FX This work has been supported by a grant of HPC resources from the Arctic
Region Supercomputing Center (ARSC) at the University of Alaska
Fairbanks (UAF) as part of the Department of Defense High Performance
Computing Modernization Program, and also by the Geophysical Institute
of the University of Alaska Fairbanks. We specifically would like to
thank Greg Newby and Anton Kulchitsky from ARSC, and Kevin Engle from
the UAF Geographic Information Network of Alaska for their support.
Additionally we would like to thank to thank Richard Easter (PNNL) for
extending the cloud-aerosol interaction process to the MADE/SORGAM
aerosol model, John Brown for providing an internal review, and Ann
Reiser for editorial assistance.
NR 51
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Z9 63
U1 5
U2 37
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 11
BP 5289
EP 5303
DI 10.5194/acp-11-5289-2011
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 777PT
UT WOS:000291636400012
ER
PT J
AU Hendrick, F
Pommereau, JP
Goutail, F
Evans, RD
Ionov, D
Pazmino, A
Kyro, E
Held, G
Eriksen, P
Dorokhov, V
Gil, M
Van Roozendael, M
AF Hendrick, F.
Pommereau, J. -P.
Goutail, F.
Evans, R. D.
Ionov, D.
Pazmino, A.
Kyro, E.
Held, G.
Eriksen, P.
Dorokhov, V.
Gil, M.
Van Roozendael, M.
TI NDACC/SAOZ UV-visible total ozone measurements: improved retrieval and
comparison with correlative ground-based and satellite observations
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODELS; SLANT COLUMN
MEASUREMENTS; AIR-MASS-FACTORS; ZENITH-SKY UV; NM REGION;
TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; MAX-DOAS; NO2; SPECTROMETERS
AB Accurate long-term monitoring of total ozone is one of the most important requirements for identifying possible natural or anthropogenic changes in the composition of the stratosphere. For this purpose, the NDACC (Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change) UV-visible Working Group has made recommendations for improving and homogenizing the retrieval of total ozone columns from twilight zenith-sky visible spectrometers. These instruments, deployed all over the world in about 35 stations, allow measuring total ozone twice daily with limited sensitivity to stratospheric temperature and cloud cover. The NDACC recommendations address both the DOAS spectral parameters and the calculation of air mass factors (AMF) needed for the conversion of O-3 slant column densities into vertical column amounts. The most important improvement is the use of O-3 AMF look-up tables calculated using the TOMS V8 (TV8) O-3 profile climatology, that allows accounting for the dependence of the O-3 AMF on the seasonal and latitudinal variations of the O-3 vertical distribution. To investigate their impact on the retrieved ozone columns, the recommendations have been applied to measurements from the NDACC/SAOZ (Systeme d'Analyse par Observation Zenithale) network. The revised SAOZ ozone data from eight stations deployed at all latitudes have been compared to TOMS, GOMEGDP4, SCIAMACHY-TOSOMI, SCIAMACHY-OL3, OMI-TOMS, and OMI-DOAS satellite overpass observations, as well as to those of collocated Dobson and Brewer instruments at Observatoire de Haute Provence (44 degrees N, 5.5 degrees E) and Sodankyla (67 degrees N, 27 degrees E), respectively. A significantly better agreement is obtained between SAOZ and correlative reference ground-based measurements after applying the new O-3 AMFs. However, systematic seasonal differences between SAOZ and satellite instruments remain. These are shown to mainly originate from (i) a possible problem in the satellite retrieval algorithms in dealing with the temperature dependence of the ozone cross-sections in the UV and the solar zenith angle (SZA) dependence, (ii) zonal modulations and seasonal variations of tropospheric ozone columns not accounted for in the TV8 profile climatology, and (iii) uncertainty on the stratospheric ozone profiles at high latitude in the winter in the TV8 climatology. For those measurements mostly sensitive to stratospheric temperature like TOMS, OMI-TOMS, Dobson and Brewer, or to SZA like SCIAMACHY-TOSOMI, the application of temperature and SZA corrections results in the almost complete removal of the seasonal difference with SAOZ, improving significantly the consistency between all ground-based and satellite total ozone observations.
C1 [Hendrick, F.; Van Roozendael, M.] Belgian Inst Space Aeron BIRA IASB, Brussels, Belgium.
[Pommereau, J. -P.; Goutail, F.; Ionov, D.; Pazmino, A.] CNRS, LATMOS, Guyancourt, France.
[Pommereau, J. -P.; Goutail, F.; Ionov, D.; Pazmino, A.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, Guyancourt, France.
[Evans, R. D.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Ionov, D.] St Petersburg State Univ, Inst Phys Res, Dept Atmospher Phys, St Petersburg, Russia.
[Kyro, E.] Finnish Meteorol Inst FMI, Arctic Res Ctr, Sodankyla, Finland.
[Held, G.] Univ Estadual Paulista, Meteorol Res Inst, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
[Eriksen, P.] Danish Meteorol Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark.
[Dorokhov, V.] Cent Aerol Observ, Moscow, Russia.
[Gil, M.] Inst Tecn Aerospacial INTA, Torrejon De Ardoz, Spain.
RP Hendrick, F (reprint author), Belgian Inst Space Aeron BIRA IASB, Brussels, Belgium.
EM franch@oma.be
RI Held, Gerhard/G-1492-2013; Ionov, Dmitry/J-4461-2013; Evans,
Robert/D-4731-2016
OI Ionov, Dmitry/0000-0002-4844-5397; Evans, Robert/0000-0002-8693-9769
FU ESA Multi-Taste; EC GEOmon; Belgian PRODEX SECPEA projects
FX The authors thank the many SAOZ, Brewer and Dobson operators in stations
without whom the long series of data used in this paper would not have
been available as well as agencies supporting NDACC activities:
INSU/CNRS, CNES, IPEV. This work was supported by the ESA Multi-Taste,
EC GEOmon, and Belgian PRODEX SECPEA projects. The authors are also
thankful to the PIs of the lidar and ECC sondes O3 profile
data used in this study and downloaded from the NDACC database: P. von
der Gathen (AWI), G. Hansen and K. Stebel (NILU), S. Godin-Beekmann, G.
Ancellet, and F. Goutail (LAT-MOS/CNRS), A. Redondas (INME-IZO), F.
Posny (Universite de la Reunion), G. Bodeker (NIWA), and D. Swart
(RIVM). N. Theys (BIRA-IASB) is acknowledged for calculating time-series
of tropopause height at various NDACC stations.
NR 62
TC 27
Z9 32
U1 0
U2 13
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 12
BP 5975
EP 5995
DI 10.5194/acp-11-5975-2011
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 784UJ
UT WOS:000292183400004
ER
PT J
AU Nassar, R
Jones, DBA
Kulawik, SS
Worden, JR
Bowman, KW
Andres, RJ
Suntharalingam, P
Chen, JM
Brenninkmeijer, CAM
Schuck, TJ
Conway, TJ
Worthy, DE
AF Nassar, R.
Jones, D. B. A.
Kulawik, S. S.
Worden, J. R.
Bowman, K. W.
Andres, R. J.
Suntharalingam, P.
Chen, J. M.
Brenninkmeijer, C. A. M.
Schuck, T. J.
Conway, T. J.
Worthy, D. E.
TI Inverse modeling of CO2 sources and sinks using satellite observations
of CO2 from TES and surface flask measurements
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPOSPHERIC EMISSION SPECTROMETER; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE;
REGIONAL-SCALE FLUXES; UPDATED EMISSIONS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY;
OBSERVING SYSTEMS; TRANSPORT MODEL; NORTH-AMERICA; FOREST; AIRCRAFT
AB We infer CO2 surface fluxes using satellite observations of mid-tropospheric CO2 from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) and measurements of CO2 from surface flasks in a time-independent inversion analysis based on the GEOS-Chem model. Using TES CO2 observations over oceans, spanning 40 degrees S-40 degrees N, we find that the horizontal and vertical coverage of the TES and flask data are complementary. This complementarity is demonstrated by combining the datasets in a joint inversion, which provides better constraints than from either dataset alone, when a posteriori CO2 distributions are evaluated against independent ship and aircraft CO2 data. In particular, the joint inversion offers improved constraints in the tropics where surface measurements are sparse, such as the tropical forests of South America. Aggregating the annual surface-to-atmosphere fluxes from the joint inversion for the year 2006 yields -1.13 +/- 0.21 PgC for the global ocean, -2.77 +/- 0.20 PgC for the global land biosphere and -3.90 +/- 0.29 PgC for the total global natural flux (defined as the sum of all biospheric, oceanic, and biomass burning contributions but excluding CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion). These global ocean and global land fluxes are shown to be near the median of the broad range of values from other inversion results for 2006. To achieve these results, a bias in TES CO2 in the Southern Hemisphere was assessed and corrected using aircraft flask data, and we demonstrate that our results have low sensitivity to variations in the bias correction approach. Overall, this analysis suggests that future carbon data assimilation systems can benefit by integrating in situ and satellite observations of CO2 and that the vertical information provided by satellite observations of mid-tropospheric CO2 combined with measurements of surface CO2, provides an important additional constraint for flux inversions.
C1 [Nassar, R.; Worthy, D. E.] Environm Canada, Div Climate Res, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada.
[Nassar, R.; Jones, D. B. A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada.
[Kulawik, S. S.; Worden, J. R.; Bowman, K. W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Andres, R. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Suntharalingam, P.] Univ E Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England.
[Chen, J. M.] Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Toronto, ON M5S 2E5, Canada.
[Brenninkmeijer, C. A. M.; Schuck, T. J.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Air Chem Div, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
[Conway, T. J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Nassar, R (reprint author), Environm Canada, Div Climate Res, 4905 Dufferin St, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada.
EM ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca
RI ANDRES, ROBERT/B-9786-2012; Brenninkmeijer, Carl/B-6860-2013; Chem,
GEOS/C-5595-2014; Jones, Dylan/O-2475-2014;
OI Jones, Dylan/0000-0002-1935-3725; Nassar, Ray/0000-0001-6282-1611;
Schuck, Tanja/0000-0002-1380-3684
FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada; Jet
Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology
FX Work at the University of Toronto was funded by the Natural Sciences and
Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada. Work at the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology was carried out
under contract to NASA. We especially thank T. Machida and H. Matsueda
of the CONTRAIL project for providing their aircraft CO2
flask data for this work. Thanks to all of those who have contributed to
the Carboscope (www.carboscope.eu) and CarbonTracker
(www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/carbontracker) websites for these excellent
resources that make CO2 flux inversion results publicly
available. Lastly, we thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful
comments and suggestions.
NR 90
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U1 0
U2 20
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 12
BP 6029
EP 6047
DI 10.5194/acp-11-6029-2011
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 784UJ
UT WOS:000292183400007
ER
PT J
AU Manney, GL
Hegglin, MI
Daffer, WH
Santee, ML
Ray, EA
Pawson, S
Schwartz, MJ
Boone, CD
Froidevaux, L
Livesey, NJ
Read, WG
Walker, KA
AF Manney, G. L.
Hegglin, M. I.
Daffer, W. H.
Santee, M. L.
Ray, E. A.
Pawson, S.
Schwartz, M. J.
Boone, C. D.
Froidevaux, L.
Livesey, N. J.
Read, W. G.
Walker, K. A.
TI Jet characterization in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UTLS):
applications to climatology and transport studies
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID EXTRATROPICAL TROPOPAUSE REGION; BREWER-DOBSON CIRCULATION;
NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; WATER-VAPOR; LOWERMOST STRATOSPHERE; CHANGING
CLIMATE; MASS-EXCHANGE; WESTERLY JET; PART I; OZONE
AB A method of classifying the upper tropospheric/lower stratospheric (UTLS) jets has been developed that allows satellite and aircraft trace gas data and meteorological fields to be efficiently mapped in a jet coordinate view. A detailed characterization of multiple tropopauses accompanies the jet characterization. Jet climatologies show the well-known high altitude subtropical and lower altitude polar jets in the upper troposphere, as well as a pattern of concentric polar and subtropical jets in the Southern Hemisphere, and shifts of the primary jet to high latitudes associated with blocking ridges in Northern Hemisphere winter. The jet-coordinate view segregates air masses differently than the commonly-used equivalent latitude (EqL) coordinate throughout the lowermost stratosphere and in the upper troposphere. Mapping O-3 data from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) satellite and the Winter Storms aircraft datasets in jet coordinates thus emphasizes different aspects of the circulation compared to an EqL-coordinate framework: the jet coordinate reorders the data geometrically, thus highlighting the strong PV, tropopause height and trace gas gradients across the subtropical jet, whereas EqL is a dynamical coordinate that may blur these spatial relationships but provides information on irreversible transport. The jet coordinate view identifies the concentration of stratospheric ozone well below the tropopause in the region pole-ward of and below the jet core, as well as other transport features associated with the upper tropospheric jets. Using the jet information in EqL coordinates allows us to study trace gas distributions in regions of weak versus strong jets, and demonstrates weaker transport barriers in regions with less jet influence. MLS and Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment-Fourier Transform Spectrometer trace gas fields for spring 2008 in jet coordinates show very strong, closely correlated, PV, tropopause height and trace gas gradients across the jet, and evidence of intrusions of stratospheric air below the tropopause below and poleward of the subtropical jet; these features are consistent between instruments and among multiple trace gases. Our characterization of the jets is facilitating studies that will improve our understanding of upper tropospheric trace gas evolution.
C1 [Manney, G. L.; Daffer, W. H.; Santee, M. L.; Schwartz, M. J.; Froidevaux, L.; Livesey, N. J.; Read, W. G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Manney, G. L.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA.
[Hegglin, M. I.; Walker, K. A.] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Ray, E. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Ray, E. A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Pawson, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Boone, C. D.; Walker, K. A.] Univ Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
RP Manney, GL (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM gloria.l.manney@jpl.nasa.gov
RI Pawson, Steven/I-1865-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015;
Hegglin, Michaela/D-7528-2017; Ray, Eric/D-5941-2013; Schwartz,
Michael/F-5172-2016
OI Pawson, Steven/0000-0003-0200-717X; Hegglin,
Michaela/0000-0003-2820-9044; Ray, Eric/0000-0001-8727-9849; Schwartz,
Michael/0000-0001-6169-5094
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Canadian Space Agency
(CSA); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada;
Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; CSA through
the C-SPARC network
FX Thanks to the MLS team (especially Ryan Fuller, Brian W. Knosp, Brian J.
Mills, and Robert P. Thurstans) and the ACE Team (especially Sean McLeod
and Ryan Hughes) for their continuing support and assistance. Thanks to
NASA's GMAO for providing their assimilated data products. Thanks to
Kirstin Kruger, Karen Rosenlof, Irina Petropavlovskikh, Dylan Jones, Ken
Minschwaner, Michael Sigmond, Laura Pan, Cameron Homeyer and Ted
Shepherd for many valuable discussions, and to the two anonymous
reviewers for helpful comments. Research at the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, California Institute of Technology (JPL/Caltech), was done
under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
The lead author's copyright for this publication is transferred to
JPL/Caltech. Funding for the ACE mission was provided primarily by the
Canadian Space Agency (CSA) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering
Research Council of Canada. MIH has been supported by the Canadian
Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences and the CSA through the
C-SPARC network.
NR 82
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U2 14
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 12
BP 6115
EP 6137
DI 10.5194/acp-11-6115-2011
PG 23
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 784UJ
UT WOS:000292183400011
ER
PT J
AU Stith, JL
Twohy, CH
DeMott, PJ
Baumgardner, D
Campos, T
Gao, R
Anderson, J
AF Stith, J. L.
Twohy, C. H.
DeMott, P. J.
Baumgardner, D.
Campos, T.
Gao, R.
Anderson, J.
TI Observations of ice nuclei and heterogeneous freezing in a Western
Pacific extratropical storm
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID THEORETICAL DETERMINATION; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; TRACE GASES; CLOUDS;
EFFICIENCY; AIRCRAFT; CRYSTALS; CLIMATE; NUMBER; DUST
AB In situ airborne sampling of refractory black carbon (rBC) particles and Ice Nuclei (IN) was conducted in and near an extratropical cyclonic storm in the western Pacific Ocean during the Pacific Dust Experiment, PACDEX, in the spring of 2007. Airmass origins were from Eastern Asia. Clouds associated primarily with the warm sector of the storm were sampled at various locations and altitudes. Cloud hydrometeors were evaporated by a counterflow virtual impactor (CVI) and the residuals were sampled by a single particle soot photometer (SP2) instrument, a continuous flow diffusion chamber ice nucleus detector (CFDC) and collected for electron microscope analysis. In clouds containing large ice particles, multiple residual particles were observed downstream of the CVI for each ice particle sampled on average. The fraction of rBC compared to total particles in the residual particles increased with decreasing condensed water content, while the fraction of IN compared to total particles did not, suggesting that the scavenging process for rBC is different than for IN. In the warm sector storm midlevels at temperatures where heterogeneous freezing is expected to be significant (here -24 to -29 degrees C), IN concentrations from ice particle residuals generally agreed with simultaneous measurements of total ice concentrations or were higher in regions where aggregates of crystals were found, suggesting heterogeneous freezing as the dominant ice formation process in the mid levels of these warm sector clouds. Lower in the storm, at warmer temperatures, ice concentrations were affected by aggregation and were somewhat less than measured IN concentrations at colder temperatures. The results are consistent with ice particles forming at storm mid-levels by heterogeneous freezing on IN, followed by aggregation and sedimentation to lower altitudes. Compositional analysis of the aerosol and back trajectories of the air in the warm sector suggested a possible biomass burning source for much of the aerosol. Comparison of the particles from the CFDC with the other aerosol in the residuals of ice particles suggested that the largest portion of IN had similar inferred origins (from biomass burning with minor amounts of rBC) as the other aerosol, but contained slightly elevated amounts of calcium and less influence from sea salt.
C1 [Stith, J. L.; Campos, T.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Twohy, C. H.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[DeMott, P. J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Baumgardner, D.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Atmosfera, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico.
[Gao, R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO USA.
[Anderson, J.] Sch Engn Matter Transport & Energy, Tempe, AZ USA.
RP Stith, JL (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
EM stith@.ucar.edu
RI DeMott, Paul/C-4389-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI DeMott, Paul/0000-0002-3719-1889;
FU NSF [ATM-0611936, ATM-0612605, ATM-076671]; NASA [NNX08AH57G]
FX The National Center for Atmospheric Research is supported by the
National Science Foundation. This work was also supported by NSF Grants
ATM-0611936 (DeMott), ATM-0612605 (Baumgardner), ATM-0612605 (Twohy),
and ATM-076671 (Anderson). Additional support was provided by NASA grant
NNX08AH57G (Twohy). The assistance with the 2DC processing software by
A. Bansemer and assistance with the interpretation of the SP2 data from
R. Subramanian is appreciated. Comments on the manuscript by J. Jensen
and L. Emmons are also appreciated. The authors gratefully acknowledge
the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT
transport and dispersion model and used in this publication. P. DeMott
gratefully acknowledges the TEM analysis support of R. J. Lee Inc.
(Monroeville, PA). Assistance by X. Hua and S. Santra with SEM and TEM
analysis is also gratefully acknowledged.
NR 31
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U2 19
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 13
BP 6229
EP 6243
DI 10.5194/acp-11-6229-2011
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 792GE
UT WOS:000292728400005
ER
PT J
AU Zheng, W
Flocke, FM
Tyndall, GS
Swanson, A
Orlando, JJ
Roberts, JM
Huey, LG
Tanner, DJ
AF Zheng, W.
Flocke, F. M.
Tyndall, G. S.
Swanson, A.
Orlando, J. J.
Roberts, J. M.
Huey, L. G.
Tanner, D. J.
TI Characterization of a thermal decomposition chemical ionization mass
spectrometer for the measurement of peroxy acyl nitrates (PANs) in the
atmosphere
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID NI-PT-CIMS; NITRIC-OXIDE; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS;
INITIATED OXIDATION; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; PERNITRIC ACID; REGIONAL OZONE;
AMBIENT AIR; MPAN
AB This paper presents a detailed laboratory characterization of a thermal dissociation chemical ionization mass spectrometer (TD-CIMS) for the atmospheric measurement of Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) and its homologues (PANs). PANs are efficiently dissociated in a heated inlet and the resulting peroxy acyl radicals are reacted with I-ions in a flow tube. The mass spectrometer detects the corresponding carboxylate ions. PAN, peroxypropionyl nitrate (PPN), peroxyisobutyryl nitrate (PiBN), peroxy-n-butyryl nitrate (PnBN), peroxyacryloyl nitrate (APAN), peroxycrotonyl nitrates (CPAN) and peroxymethacryloyl nitrate (MPAN) were cross-calibrated with both a dual channel GC/ECD and a total odd-nitrogen (NO(y)) instrument for the NCAR TD-CIMS' typical aircraft operation conditions. In addition, the instrument sensitivity to a number of more exotic PANs (peroxyhydroxyacetyl nitrate, methoxyformyl peroxynitrate, and peroxybenzoyl nitrate) was evaluated qualitatively by comparisons with a long-path FTIR instrument.
The sensitivity for PPN is slightly higher than that of PAN. Larger aliphatic and olefinic PAN compounds generally showed lower sensitivities. We postulate that these differences are owing to secondary reactions in the thermal decomposition region, which either reduce the yield of peroxy acyl radicals or cause losses of these radicals through intramolecular decomposition. The relative importance of these secondary reactions varies considerably between different PAN species.
Results also indicate that the reaction of the larger peroxy acyl radicals with the ion-water cluster, I(-)(H(2)O)n proceeds about an order of magnitude faster than with I(-) alone, as has been observed for peroxy acetyl radicals. Sensitivity variations among the individual PAN species at very low water vapor were observed. The results call for careful evaluation of each PAN species to be measured and for each desired operating condition of a TD-CIMS instrument.
C1 [Zheng, W.; Flocke, F. M.; Tyndall, G. S.; Swanson, A.; Orlando, J. J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Zheng, W.; Swanson, A.] Univ Colorado, Coorperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Roberts, J. M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO USA.
[Huey, L. G.; Tanner, D. J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
RP Flocke, FM (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
EM ffl@ucar.edu
RI Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172;
FU National Science Foundation
FX We are grateful for the assistance provided to us at various stages of
this work by Andy Neuman, Roger Hendershot, Alam Hasson, Paul Stock, and
Sandra Lopes. This work was performed with support from the National
Center for Atmospheric Research, which is funded by the National Science
Foundation. John Orlando and Geoff Tyndall acknowledge additional
support from the NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program.
NR 64
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PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 13
BP 6529
EP 6547
DI 10.5194/acp-11-6529-2011
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 792GE
UT WOS:000292728400024
ER
PT J
AU Skeie, RB
Berntsen, T
Myhre, G
Pedersen, CA
Strom, J
Gerland, S
Ogren, JA
AF Skeie, R. B.
Berntsen, T.
Myhre, G.
Pedersen, C. A.
Strom, J.
Gerland, S.
Ogren, J. A.
TI Black carbon in the atmosphere and snow, from pre-industrial times until
present
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; ARCTIC AIR-POLLUTION; ANTHROPOGENIC SULFATE;
RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; ELEMENTAL CARBON; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; MIXING STATE;
AEROSOL; CLIMATE; MODEL
AB The distribution of black carbon (BC) in the atmosphere and the deposition of BC on snow surfaces since pre-industrial time until present are modelled with the Oslo CTM2 model. The model results are compared with observations including recent measurements of BC in snow in the Arctic. The global mean burden of BC from fossil fuel and biofuel sources increased during two periods. The first period, until 1920, is related to increases in emissions in North America and Europe, and the last period after 1970 are related mainly to increasing emissions in East Asia. Although the global burden of BC from fossil fuel and biofuel increases, in the Arctic the maximum atmospheric BC burden as well as in the snow was reached in 1960s, with a slight reduction thereafter. The global mean burden of BC from open biomass burning sources has not changed significantly since 1900. With current inventories of emissions from open biomass sources, the modelled burden of BC in snow and in the atmosphere north of 65 degrees N is small compared to the BC burden of fossil fuel and biofuel origin. From the concentration changes radiative forcing time series due to the direct aerosol effect as well as the snow-albedo effect is calculated for BC from fossil fuel and biofuel. The calculated radiative forcing in 2000 for the direct aerosol effect is 0.35 W m(-2) and for the snow-albedo effect 0.016 W m(-2) in this study. Due to a southward shift in the emissions there is an increase in the lifetime of BC as well as an increase in normalized radiative forcing, giving a change in forcing per unit of emissions of 26% since 1950.
C1 [Skeie, R. B.; Berntsen, T.; Myhre, G.] Ctr Int Climate & Environm Res Oslo CICERO, Oslo, Norway.
[Berntsen, T.] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Oslo, Norway.
[Pedersen, C. A.; Strom, J.; Gerland, S.] Fram Ctr, Norwegian Polar Inst, Tromso, Norway.
[Ogren, J. A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Skeie, RB (reprint author), Ctr Int Climate & Environm Res Oslo CICERO, Oslo, Norway.
EM r.b.skeie@cicero.uio.no
RI Myhre, Gunnar/A-3598-2008; Skeie, Ragnhild/K-1173-2015; Ogren,
John/M-8255-2015
OI Myhre, Gunnar/0000-0002-4309-476X; Skeie, Ragnhild/0000-0003-1246-4446;
Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583
FU Norwegian Research Council
FX We thank the NOAA/ESRL/GMD aerosol group, Liaquat Husain, Joseph R.
McConnell, J. P. Schwarz, Dorothy Koch, Norwegian Institute for Air
Research, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research and Institute of
Environmental Assessment and Water Research for providing data. We are
grateful to Sanja Forsstrom and Sverdrup Station personnel at Ny-Alesund
(Norwegian Polar Institute) for help with sampling and sample
processing. Thanks to Abisko research station and Finnish Meteorological
Institute for help in collecting snow samples in Abisko and Pallas. Also
thanks to the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency for supporting
aerosol measurements at the Zeppelin station. This research was
supported by the Norwegian Research Council under the projects
"Measurements of Black Carbon Aerosols in Arctic Snow -Interpretation of
Effect on Snow Reflectance", "Climate Effects of Reducing Black Carbon
Emissions", and "Constraining total feedback of the climate system by
observations and models" and the NOAA Atmospheric Composition and
Climate Program.
NR 98
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U1 3
U2 33
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 14
BP 6809
EP 6836
DI 10.5194/acp-11-6809-2011
PG 28
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 797KI
UT WOS:000293125100003
ER
PT J
AU Sommariva, R
de Gouw, JA
Trainer, M
Atlas, E
Goldan, PD
Kuster, WC
Warneke, C
Fehsenfeld, FC
AF Sommariva, R.
de Gouw, J. A.
Trainer, M.
Atlas, E.
Goldan, P. D.
Kuster, W. C.
Warneke, C.
Fehsenfeld, F. C.
TI Emissions and photochemistry of oxygenated VOCs in urban plumes in the
Northeastern United States
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MASTER CHEMICAL MECHANISM; MCM V3 PART;
UPPER TROPOSPHERE; ACETIC-ACID; HYDROCARBON RATIOS; LOWER STRATOSPHERE;
HYDROGEN RADICALS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; OH RADICALS
AB Photochemical processes inside urban plumes in the Northeast of the United States have been studied using a highly detailed chemical model, based upon the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM). The model results have been compared to measurements of oxygenated VOCs (acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, acetaldehyde, acetic acid and methanol) obtained during several flights of the NOAA WP-3D aircraft, which sampled plumes from the New York City area during the ICARTT campaign in 2004. The agreement between the model and the measurements was within 40-60% for all species, except acetic acid.
The model results have been used to study the formation and photochemical evolution of acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and acetaldehyde. Under the conditions encountered during the ICARTT campaign, acetone is produced from the oxidation of propane (24-28 %) and i-propanol (< 15 %) and from a number of products of i-pentane oxidation. Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) is mostly produced from the oxidation of n-butane (20-30 %) and 3-methylpentane (< 40 %). Acetaldehyde is formed from several precursors, mostly small alkenes, > C5 alkanes, propanal and MEK. Ethane and ethanol oxidation account, respectively, for 6-23% and 5-25% of acetaldehyde photochemical formation. The results highlight the importance of alkanes for the photochemical production of ketones and the role of hydroperoxides in sustaining their formation far from the emission sources.
C1 [Sommariva, R.; de Gouw, J. A.; Trainer, M.; Kuster, W. C.; Warneke, C.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Sommariva, R.; de Gouw, J. A.; Goldan, P. D.; Warneke, C.; Fehsenfeld, F. C.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Atlas, E.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP de Gouw, JA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
EM joost.degouw@noaa.gov
RI de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015;
Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Trainer,
Michael/H-5168-2013; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013; Sommariva,
Roberto/M-5361-2014; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015
OI de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588;
Sommariva, Roberto/0000-0002-2728-5814;
NR 63
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Z9 15
U1 2
U2 31
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 14
BP 7081
EP 7096
DI 10.5194/acp-11-7081-2011
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 797KI
UT WOS:000293125100019
ER
PT J
AU Lee, SH
Kim, SW
Trainer, M
Frost, GJ
McKeen, SA
Cooper, OR
Flocke, F
Holloway, JS
Neuman, JA
Ryerson, T
Senff, CJ
Swanson, AL
Thompson, AM
AF Lee, S. -H.
Kim, S. -W.
Trainer, M.
Frost, G. J.
McKeen, S. A.
Cooper, O. R.
Flocke, F.
Holloway, J. S.
Neuman, J. A.
Ryerson, T.
Senff, C. J.
Swanson, A. L.
Thompson, A. M.
TI Modeling ozone plumes observed downwind of New York City over the North
Atlantic Ocean during the ICARTT field campaign
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID COASTAL BOUNDARY-LAYER; UNITED-STATES; SURFACE OZONE; NEW-ENGLAND;
POLLUTION INFLUENCES; SOUTH-AMERICA; WRF MODEL; TRANSPORT; AEROSOL; FIRE
AB Transport and chemical transformation of well-defined New York City (NYC) urban plumes over the North Atlantic Ocean were studied using aircraft measurements collected on 20-21 July 2004 during the ICARTT (International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation) field campaign and WRF-Chem (Weather Research and Forecasting-Chemistry) model simulations. The strong NYC urban plumes were characterized by carbon monoxide (CO) mixing ratios of 350-400 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) and ozone (O-3) levels of about 100 ppbv near New York City on 20 July in the WP-3D in-situ and DC-3 lidar aircraft measurements. On 21 July, the two aircraft captured strong urban plumes with about 350 ppbv CO and over 150 ppbv O-3 (similar to 160 ppbv maximum) about 600 km downwind of NYC over the North Atlantic Ocean. The measured urban plumes extended vertically up to about 2 km near New York City, but shrank to 1-1.5 km over the stable marine boundary layer (MBL) over the North Atlantic Ocean. The WRF-Chem model reproduced ozone formation processes, chemical characteristics, and meteorology of the measured urban plumes near New York City (20 July) and in the far downwind region over the North Atlantic Ocean (21 July). The quasi-Lagrangian analysis of transport and chemical transformation of the simulated NYC urban plumes using WRF-Chem results showed that the pollutants can be efficiently transported in (isentropic) layers in the lower atmosphere (<2-3 km) over the North Atlantic Ocean while maintaining a dynamic vertical decoupling by cessation of turbulence in the stable MBL. The O3 mixing ratio in the NYC urban plumes remained at 80-90 ppbv during nocturnal transport over the stable MBL, then grew to over 100 ppbv by daytime oxidation of nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO+NO2) with mixing ratios on the order of 1 ppbv. Efficient transport of reactive nitrogen species (NOy), specifically nitric acid (HNO3), was confirmed through the comparison of the CO/NOy ratio in photochemically fresh and aged NYC plumes, implying the possibility of long-range transport of O-3 over the stable MBL over the North Atlantic Ocean in association with NOx regeneration mechanism. The impact of chemical initial and boundary conditions (IC/BCs) on modelled O-3 urban plumes was investigated in terms of the background O-3 level and the vertical structure of the urban plumes. Simulations with dynamic ("time-variant") chemical IC/BCs enhanced the O-3 level by 2-12 ppbv on average in the atmospheric layer below 3 km, showing better agreement with the observed NYC plumes and biomass-burning plumes than the simulation with prescribed static IC/BCs. The simulation including MOZART-4 chemical IC/BCs and Alaskan/Canadian wildfire emissions compared better to the observed O-3 profiles in the upper atmospheric layer (>similar to 3 km) than models that only accounted for North American anthropogenic/biogenic and wildfire contributions to background ozone. The comparison between models and observations show that chemical IC/BCs must be properly specified to achieve accurate model results.
C1 [Lee, S. -H.; Kim, S. -W.; Frost, G. J.; McKeen, S. A.; Cooper, O. R.; Holloway, J. S.; Neuman, J. A.; Senff, C. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Lee, S. -H.; Kim, S. -W.; Trainer, M.; Frost, G. J.; McKeen, S. A.; Cooper, O. R.; Holloway, J. S.; Neuman, J. A.; Ryerson, T.; Senff, C. J.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Flocke, F.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Thompson, A. M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
RP Lee, SH (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM nihil93@snu.ac.kr
RI Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Lee, Sang-Hyun/B-5974-2013; Cooper,
Owen/H-4875-2013; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Ryerson,
Tom/C-9611-2009; McKeen, Stuart/H-9516-2013; Frost, Gregory/I-1958-2013;
Senff, Christoph/I-2592-2013; Kim, Si-Wan/I-3979-2013; Neuman,
Andy/A-1393-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Thompson, Anne
/C-3649-2014
OI Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Kim, Si-Wan/0000-0002-7889-189X;
Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; Thompson, Anne /0000-0002-7829-0920
FU NASA; NOAA
FX The authors would like to thank everyone involved with the NOAA WP-3D
and DC-3 lidar aircraft measurements and the NOAA Research Vessel Ronald
H. Brown ship measurements. The ozone sounding measurement was sponsored
by NASA. We are grateful to Louisa Emmons from NCAR for providing the
MOZART-4 results and Elaine Prins from the University of
Wisconsin-Madison for providing access to GOES WF_ABBA fire products. We
are also grateful to George Grell and Steven Peckham (NOAA/ESRL) for
their assistance in using the WRF-Chem model. The authors are grateful
to Eirh Yu Hsie for his management of NOAA ESRL computer systems. This
work was funded by NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere Program.
NR 57
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U2 24
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 14
BP 7375
EP 7397
DI 10.5194/acp-11-7375-2011
PG 23
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 797KI
UT WOS:000293125100038
ER
PT J
AU Kazil, J
Wang, H
Feingold, G
Clarke, AD
Snider, JR
Bandy, AR
AF Kazil, J.
Wang, H.
Feingold, G.
Clarke, A. D.
Snider, J. R.
Bandy, A. R.
TI Modeling chemical and aerosol processes in the transition from closed to
open cells during VOCALS-REx
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; ABSORPTION
CROSS-SECTIONS; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; QUANTUM YIELDS; SULFURIC-ACID;
GAS-PHASE; PARTICLE NUCLEATION; CELLULAR STRUCTURES; ATMOSPHERIC SULFUR
AB Chemical and aerosol processes in the transition from closed-to open-cell circulation in the remote, cloudy marine boundary layer are explored. It has previously been shown that precipitation can initiate a transition from the closed-to the open-cellular state, but that the boundary layer cannot maintain this open-cell state without a resupply of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Potential sources of CCN include wind-driven production of sea salt from the ocean, nucleation from the gas phase, and entrainment from the free troposphere. In order to investigate CCN sources in the marine boundary layer and their role in supplying new particles, we have coupled in detail chemical, aerosol, and cloud processes in the WRF/Chem model, and added state-of-the-art representations of sea salt emissions and aerosol nucleation. We conduct numerical simulations of the marine boundary layer in the transition from a closed-to an open-cell state. Results are compared with observations in the Southeast Pacific boundary layer during the VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx). The transition from the closed-to the open-cell state generates conditions that are conducive to nucleation by forming a cloud-scavenged, ultra-clean layer below the inversion base. Open cell updrafts loft dimethyl sulfide from the ocean surface into the ultra-clean layer, where it is oxidized during daytime to SO2 and subsequently to H2SO4. Low H2SO4 condensation sink values in the ultra-clean layer allow H2SO4 to rise to concentrations at which aerosol nucleation produces new aerosol in significant numbers. The existence of the ultra-clean layer is confirmed by observations. We find that the observed DMS flux from the ocean in the VOCALS-REx region can support a nucleation source of aerosol in open cells that exceeds sea salt emissions in terms of the number of particles produced. The freshly nucleated, nanometer-sized aerosol particles need, however, time to grow to sizes large enough to act as CCN. In contrast, mechanical production of particles from the ocean surface by near-surface winds provides a steady source of larger particles that are effective CCN at a rate exceeding a threshold for maintenance of open-cell circulation. Entrainment of aerosol from the free troposphere contributes significantly to boundary layer aerosol for the considered VOCALS-REx case, but less than sea salt aerosol emissions.
C1 [Kazil, J.; Feingold, G.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Kazil, J.; Feingold, G.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
[Wang, H.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Clarke, A. D.] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Snider, J. R.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
[Bandy, A. R.] Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
RP Kazil, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM jan.kazil@noaa.gov
RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Snider, Jefferson/F-9175-2016; Manager,
CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Wang, Hailong/B-8061-2010; Kazil,
Jan/B-7652-2013
OI Snider, Jefferson/0000-0002-9318-1343; Wang,
Hailong/0000-0002-1994-4402; Kazil, Jan/0000-0003-3271-2451
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Climate Goal (NOAA OAR
Climate Program Office) [NA08OAR4310566]; National Science Foundation
[ATM-0745368, ATM-0745986, ATM-0749088, ATM-0241611, ATM-0526341,
ATM-0745337]
FX This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration's Climate Goal (NOAA OAR Climate Program Office grant
NA08OAR4310566). The aircraft measurements of aerosol concentration and
composition were supported by the National Science Foundation grants
ATM-0745368 and ATM-0745986; the aircraft sulfur dioxide and DMS
measurements were supported by the National Science Foundation grant
ATM-0749088. We appreciate the use of the shipboard DMS flux data
generated by the Huebert group at the University of Hawaii, with support
from the National Science Foundation grants ATM-0241611, ATM-0526341,
and ATM-0745337. The C-130 aircraft time was provided by the National
Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) which is sponsored by the
National Science Foundation. We thank the team of scientists, engineers,
and support staff for their efforts in making VOCALS-REx a great
success; Robert Wood (University of Washington) for providing assistance
in interpreting VOCALS-REx data, and A. R. Ravishankara (NOAA ESRL
Chemical Sciences Division) for helpful discussions. The NOAA ESRL High
Performance Computing Systems team is gratefully acknowledged for
computational and technical support.
NR 110
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U1 0
U2 25
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 15
BP 7491
EP 7514
DI 10.5194/acp-11-7491-2011
PG 24
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 806RA
UT WOS:000293826500006
ER
PT J
AU McNaughton, CS
Clarke, AD
Freitag, S
Kapustin, VN
Kondo, Y
Moteki, N
Sahu, L
Takegawa, N
Schwarz, JP
Spackman, JR
Watts, L
Diskin, G
Podolske, J
Holloway, JS
Wisthaler, A
Mikoviny, T
de Gouw, J
Warneke, C
Jimenez, J
Cubison, M
Howell, SG
Middlebrook, A
Bahreini, R
Anderson, BE
Winstead, E
Thornhill, KL
Lack, D
Cozic, J
Brock, CA
AF McNaughton, C. S.
Clarke, A. D.
Freitag, S.
Kapustin, V. N.
Kondo, Y.
Moteki, N.
Sahu, L.
Takegawa, N.
Schwarz, J. P.
Spackman, J. R.
Watts, L.
Diskin, G.
Podolske, J.
Holloway, J. S.
Wisthaler, A.
Mikoviny, T.
de Gouw, J.
Warneke, C.
Jimenez, J.
Cubison, M.
Howell, S. G.
Middlebrook, A.
Bahreini, R.
Anderson, B. E.
Winstead, E.
Thornhill, K. L.
Lack, D.
Cozic, J.
Brock, C. A.
TI Absorbing aerosol in the troposphere of the Western Arctic during the
2008 ARCTAS/ARCPAC airborne field campaigns
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID LIGHT-ABSORPTION MEASUREMENTS; LASER-INDUCED INCANDESCENCE; CENTRAL
MEXICAN PLATEAU; BLACK CARBON; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ORGANIC AEROSOL;
ACE-ASIA; AIRCRAFT MEASUREMENTS; SPECTRAL DEPENDENCE; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS
AB In the spring of 2008 NASA and NOAA funded the ARCTAS and ARCPAC field campaigns as contributions to POLARCAT, a core IPY activity. During the campaigns the NASA DC-8, P-3B and NOAA WP-3D aircraft conducted over 160 h of in-situ sampling between 0.1 and 12 km throughout the Western Arctic north of 55 degrees N (i.e. Alaska to Greenland). All aircraft were equipped with multiple wavelength measurements of aerosol optics, trace gas and aerosol chemistry measurements, as well as direct measurements of the aerosol size distributions and black carbon mass. Late April of 2008 proved to be exceptional in terms of Asian biomass burning emissions transported to the Western Arctic. Though these smoke plumes account for only 11-14% of the samples within the Western Arctic domain, they account for 42-47% of the total burden of black carbon. Dust was also commonly observed but only contributes to 4-12% and 3-8% of total light absorption at 470 and 530 nm wavelengths above 6 km. Below 6 km, light absorption by carbonaceous aerosol derived from urban/industrial and biomass burning emissions account for 97-99% of total light absorption by aerosol. Stratifying the data to reduce the influence of dust allows us to determine mass absorption efficiencies for black carbon of 11.2 +/- 0.8, 9.5 +/- 0.6 and 7.4 +/- 0.7m(2) g(-1) at 470, 530 and 660 nm wave-lengths. These estimates are consistent with 35-80% enhancements in 530 nm absorption due to clear or slightly absorbing coatings of pure black carbon particulate. Assuming a 1/lambda wavelength dependence for BC absorption, and assuming that refractory aerosol (420 degrees C, tau = 0.1 s) in low-dust samples is dominated by brown carbon, we derive mass absorption efficiencies for brown carbon of 0.83 +/- 0.15 and 0.27 +/- 0.08m(2) g(-1) at 470 and 530 nm wavelengths. Estimates for the mass absorption efficiencies of Asian dust are 0.034m(2) g(-1) and 0.017m(2) g(-1). However the absorption efficiency estimates for dust are highly uncertain due to the limitations imposed by PSAP instrument noise. In-situ ARCTAS/ARCPAC measurements during the IPY provide valuable constraints for absorbing aerosol over the Western Arctic, species which are currently poorly simulated over a region that is critically under-sampled.
C1 [McNaughton, C. S.; Clarke, A. D.; Freitag, S.; Kapustin, V. N.; Howell, S. G.] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Kondo, Y.; Moteki, N.; Sahu, L.; Takegawa, N.] Univ Tokyo, Res Ctr Adv Sci & Technol, Tokyo, Japan.
[Schwarz, J. P.; Spackman, J. R.; Watts, L.; Holloway, J. S.; de Gouw, J.; Warneke, C.; Middlebrook, A.; Bahreini, R.; Lack, D.; Cozic, J.; Brock, C. A.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
[Diskin, G.; Anderson, B. E.; Winstead, E.; Thornhill, K. L.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Podolske, J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Wisthaler, A.; Mikoviny, T.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion Phys & Appl Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
[Warneke, C.; Jimenez, J.; Cubison, M.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP McNaughton, CS (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
EM csmcnaug@hawaii.edu
RI de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015;
Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Cozic, Julie/A-5464-2011; Brock,
Charles/G-3406-2011; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Kondo,
Yutaka/D-1459-2012; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Lack,
Daniel/I-9053-2012; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; schwarz,
joshua/G-4556-2013; Watts, Laurel/G-4532-2013
OI de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668;
Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304;
Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223;
Watts, Laurel/0000-0002-0834-3329
FU NASA; NOAA [NASA NNX08AD39G, NSF/UCAR S05-39607]
FX The authors would like to thank the NASA and NOAA support staff as well
as the aircraft flight crews for their assistance in collecting this
important data. We would also like to acknowledge Karl Froyd and the
PALMS team for providing data critical to separating supermicrometer
aerosol into dust and sea salt types. The lead author would like to
thank the Association of Polar Early Career Scientists (APECS) for
travel support to present these results at the International Polar Year
Science Conference in Oslo Norway in June 2010. This work is funded
under NASA and NOAA Grants: NASA NNX08AD39G and NSF/UCAR S05-39607 (JLJ
and MJC).
NR 103
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U1 1
U2 34
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 15
BP 7561
EP 7582
DI 10.5194/acp-11-7561-2011
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 806RA
UT WOS:000293826500010
ER
PT J
AU Huneeus, N
Schulz, M
Balkanski, Y
Griesfeller, J
Prospero, J
Kinne, S
Bauer, S
Boucher, O
Chin, M
Dentener, F
Diehl, T
Easter, R
Fillmore, D
Ghan, S
Ginoux, P
Grini, A
Horowitz, L
Koch, D
Krol, MC
Landing, W
Liu, X
Mahowald, N
Miller, R
Morcrette, JJ
Myhre, G
Penner, J
Perlwitz, J
Stier, P
Takemura, T
Zender, CS
AF Huneeus, N.
Schulz, M.
Balkanski, Y.
Griesfeller, J.
Prospero, J.
Kinne, S.
Bauer, S.
Boucher, O.
Chin, M.
Dentener, F.
Diehl, T.
Easter, R.
Fillmore, D.
Ghan, S.
Ginoux, P.
Grini, A.
Horowitz, L.
Koch, D.
Krol, M. C.
Landing, W.
Liu, X.
Mahowald, N.
Miller, R.
Morcrette, J. -J.
Myhre, G.
Penner, J.
Perlwitz, J.
Stier, P.
Takemura, T.
Zender, C. S.
TI Global dust model intercomparison in AeroCom phase I
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC IRON DEPOSITION; LAST GLACIAL
MAXIMUM; MINERAL DUST; AEROSOL DIRECT; TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY;
OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; GODDARD-INSTITUTE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; SULFUR CYCLE
AB This study presents the results of a broad intercomparison of a total of 15 global aerosol models within the AeroCom project. Each model is compared to observations related to desert dust aerosols, their direct radiative effect, and their impact on the biogeochemical cycle, i.e., aerosol optical depth (AOD) and dust deposition. Additional com parisons to Angstrom exponent (AE), coarse mode AOD and dust surface concentrations are included to extend the assessment of model performance and to identify common biases present in models. These data comprise a benchmark dataset that is proposed for model inspection and future dust model development. There are large differences among the global models that simulate the dust cycle and its impact on climate. In general, models simulate the climatology of vertically integrated parameters (AOD and AE) within a factor of two whereas the total deposition and surface concentration are reproduced within a factor of 10. In addition, smaller mean normalized bias and root mean square errors are obtained for the climatology of AOD and AE than for total deposition and surface concentration. Characteristics of the datasets used and their uncertainties may influence these differences. Large uncertainties still exist with respect to the deposition fluxes in the southern oceans. Further measurements and model studies are necessary to assess the general model performance to reproduce dust deposition in ocean regions sensible to iron contributions. Models overestimate the wet deposition in regions dominated by dry deposition. They generally simulate more realistic surface concentration at stations downwind of the main sources than at remote ones. Most models simulate the gradient in AOD and AE between the different dusty regions. However the seasonality and magnitude of both variables is better simulated at African stations than Middle East ones. The models simulate the offshore transport of West Africa throughout the year but they overestimate the AOD and they transport too fine particles. The models also reproduce the dust transport across the Atlantic in the summer in terms of both AOD and AE but not so well in winter-spring nor the southward displacement of the dust cloud that is responsible of the dust transport into South America. Based on the dependency of AOD on aerosol burden and size distribution we use model bias with respect to AOD and AE to infer the bias of the dust emissions in Africa and the Middle East. According to this analysis we suggest that a range of possible emissions for North Africa is 400 to 2200 Tg yr(-1) and in the Middle East 26 to 526 Tg yr(-1)
C1 [Huneeus, N.; Schulz, M.; Balkanski, Y.; Griesfeller, J.] IPSL, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Schulz, M.; Griesfeller, J.] Inst Meteorol, Oslo, Norway.
[Prospero, J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Kinne, S.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany.
[Bauer, S.; Koch, D.] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY USA.
[Bauer, S.; Koch, D.; Miller, R.; Perlwitz, J.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Koch, D.] US DOE, Washington, DC USA.
[Boucher, O.] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England.
[Chin, M.; Diehl, T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Diehl, T.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA.
[Easter, R.; Ghan, S.; Liu, X.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Fillmore, D.] NCAR, Boulder, CO USA.
[Ginoux, P.; Horowitz, L.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Grini, A.; Myhre, G.] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Oslo, Norway.
[Grini, A.] Kongsberg Oil & Gas Technol, Kongsberg, Norway.
[Krol, M. C.] Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Utrecht, Netherlands.
[Krol, M. C.] Wageningen Univ, Wageningen, Netherlands.
[Landing, W.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
[Liu, X.; Penner, J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Mahowald, N.] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY USA.
[Miller, R.; Perlwitz, J.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA.
[Morcrette, J. -J.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England.
[Myhre, G.] Ctr Int Climate & Environm Res Oslo CICERO, Oslo, Norway.
[Stier, P.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 2JD, England.
[Takemura, T.] Kyushu Univ, Res Inst Appl Mech, Fukuoka 812, Japan.
[Zender, C. S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA.
RP Huneeus, N (reprint author), IPSL, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif Sur Yvette, France.
EM nicolas.huneeus@lsce.ipsl.fr
RI Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Liu, Xiaohong/E-9304-2011; Balkanski,
Yves/A-6616-2011; Bauer, Susanne/P-3082-2014; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015;
Myhre, Gunnar/A-3598-2008; Schulz, Michael/A-6930-2011; U-ID,
Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Huneeus, Nicolas/J-4994-2016; Stier,
Philip/B-2258-2008; Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011; Prospero,
Joseph/E-9436-2011; Zender, Charles/D-4485-2012; Takemura,
Toshihiko/C-2822-2009; Miller, Ron/E-1902-2012; Ginoux,
Paul/C-2326-2008; Boucher, Olivier/J-5810-2012; Boucher,
Olivier/K-7483-2012; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012; Mahowald,
Natalie/D-8388-2013; Penner, Joyce/J-1719-2012; Krol,
Maarten/E-3414-2013
OI Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Liu, Xiaohong/0000-0002-3994-5955;
Balkanski, Yves/0000-0001-8241-2858; Myhre, Gunnar/0000-0002-4309-476X;
Schulz, Michael/0000-0003-4493-4158; Prospero,
Joseph/0000-0003-3608-6160; Huneeus, Nicolas/0000-0002-6214-5518; Stier,
Philip/0000-0002-1191-0128; Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699; Zender,
Charles/0000-0003-0129-8024; Takemura, Toshihiko/0000-0002-2859-6067;
Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; Boucher, Olivier/0000-0003-2328-5769;
Boucher, Olivier/0000-0003-2328-5769; Mahowald,
Natalie/0000-0002-2873-997X;
FU European Commission under EU [218793]; DECC; DECC/Defra [GA01101]; US
Department of Energy, Office of Science; NASA [NNX07AI56G]; Battelle
Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]
FX The authors would like to thank two reviewers for their useful comments
that contributed to improve the manuscript. In addition we thank the
AERONET program for establishing and maintaining the used sites. This
study was co-funded by the European Commission under the EU Seventh
Research Framework Program (grant agreement No 218793, MACC). O. Boucher
was supported by the Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate Programme,
DECC/Defra (GA01101). S. Ghan and R. Easter were funded by the US
Department of Energy, Office of Science, Scientific Discovery through
Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program and by the NASA Interdisciplinary
Science Program under grant NNX07AI56G. The Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under
contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830.
NR 99
TC 230
Z9 234
U1 6
U2 87
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 15
BP 7781
EP 7816
DI 10.5194/acp-11-7781-2011
PG 36
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 806RA
UT WOS:000293826500024
ER
PT J
AU Lance, S
Shupe, MD
Feingold, G
Brock, CA
Cozic, J
Holloway, JS
Moore, RH
Nenes, A
Schwarz, JP
Spackman, JR
Froyd, KD
Murphy, DM
Brioude, J
Cooper, OR
Stohl, A
Burkhart, JF
AF Lance, S.
Shupe, M. D.
Feingold, G.
Brock, C. A.
Cozic, J.
Holloway, J. S.
Moore, R. H.
Nenes, A.
Schwarz, J. P.
Spackman, J. R.
Froyd, K. D.
Murphy, D. M.
Brioude, J.
Cooper, O. R.
Stohl, A.
Burkhart, J. F.
TI Cloud condensation nuclei as a modulator of ice processes in Arctic
mixed-phase clouds
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CONTACT NUCLEATION; RESOLVING SIMULATIONS; STRATIFORM CLOUDS;
BOUNDARY-LAYERS; PART II; AEROSOL; WATER; PARTICLES; PARAMETERIZATION;
CRYSTALLIZATION
AB We propose that cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations are important for modulating ice formation of Arctic mixed-phase clouds, through modification of the droplet size distribution. Aircraft observations from the Aerosol, Radiation, and Cloud Processes affecting Arctic Climate (ARCPAC) study in northern Alaska in April 2008 allow for identification and characterization of both aerosol and trace gas pollutants, which are then compared with cloud microphysical properties. Consistent with previous studies, we find that the concentration of precipitating ice particles (> 400 mu m) is correlated with the concentration of large droplets (> 30 mu m). We are further able to link the observed microphysical conditions to aerosol pollution, originating mainly from long range transport of biomass burning emissions. The case studies demonstrate that polluted mixed-phase clouds have narrower droplet size distributions and contain 1-2 orders of magnitude fewer precipitating ice particles than clean clouds at the same temperature. This suggests an aerosol indirect effect leading to greater cloud lifetime, greater cloud emissivity, and reduced precipitation. This result is opposite to the glaciation indirect effect, whereby polluted clouds are expected to precipitate more readily due to an increase in the concentration of particles acting as ice nuclei.
C1 [Lance, S.; Feingold, G.; Brock, C. A.; Cozic, J.; Holloway, J. S.; Schwarz, J. P.; Spackman, J. R.; Froyd, K. D.; Murphy, D. M.; Brioude, J.; Cooper, O. R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Lance, S.; Shupe, M. D.; Cozic, J.; Holloway, J. S.; Schwarz, J. P.; Spackman, J. R.; Froyd, K. D.; Brioude, J.; Cooper, O. R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Shupe, M. D.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Moore, R. H.; Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Stohl, A.; Burkhart, J. F.] Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway.
[Burkhart, J. F.] Univ Calif, Sierra Nevada Res Inst, Merced, CA USA.
RP Lance, S (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM sara.m.lance@noaa.gov
RI Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Cooper,
Owen/H-4875-2013; Froyd, Karl/H-6607-2013; Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011;
Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008;
Cozic, Julie/A-5464-2011; Moore, Richard/E-9653-2010; Lance,
Sara/A-4834-2011; Brioude, Jerome/E-4629-2011; Murphy,
Daniel/J-4357-2012; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012;
OI Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982;
Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235;
Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Burkhart, John/0000-0002-5587-1693
FU NOAA; US National Research Council; US NSF; US DOE [DE-FG01-05ER63965];
Norwegian Research Council
FX All authors acknowledge support from the NOAA climate and air quality
programs. We thank Jorge Delgado and the NOAA Aircraft Operations Center
for allowing use of their equipment and for technical support in the
field. S. Lance thanks the US National Research Council for a research
associateships program postdoctoral fellowship. A. Nenes acknowledges
support from a US NSF CAREER grant. R. Moore acknowledges support from a
US DOE global change education program graduate research fellowship. M.
Shupe acknowledges support by US DOE grant DE-FG01-05ER63965. J. F.
Burhart and A. Stohl were supported by the Norwegian Research Council in
the framework of POLARCAT-Norway. MODIS hotspot data provided courtesy
of NASA and the University of Maryland.
NR 73
TC 22
Z9 23
U1 2
U2 26
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 15
BP 8003
EP 8015
DI 10.5194/acp-11-8003-2011
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 806RA
UT WOS:000293826500036
ER
PT J
AU Lapina, K
Heald, CL
Spracklen, DV
Arnold, SR
Allan, JD
Coe, H
McFiggans, G
Zorn, SR
Drewnick, F
Bates, TS
Hawkins, LN
Russell, LM
Smirnov, A
O'Dowd, CD
Hind, AJ
AF Lapina, K.
Heald, C. L.
Spracklen, D. V.
Arnold, S. R.
Allan, J. D.
Coe, H.
McFiggans, G.
Zorn, S. R.
Drewnick, F.
Bates, T. S.
Hawkins, L. N.
Russell, L. M.
Smirnov, A.
O'Dowd, C. D.
Hind, A. J.
TI Investigating organic aerosol loading in the remote marine environment
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID MASS-SPECTROMETER; UNITED-STATES; SEA-SALT; ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES;
MINERAL DUST; PART 1; EMISSIONS; OCEAN; ISOPRENE; ATLANTIC
AB Aerosol loading in the marine environment is investigated using aerosol composition measurements from several research ship campaigns (ICEALOT, MAP, RHaMBLe, VOCALS and OOMPH), observations of total AOD column from satellite (MODIS) and ship-based instruments (Maritime Aerosol Network, MAN), and a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem). This work represents the most comprehensive evaluation of oceanic OM emission inventories to date, by employing aerosol composition measurements obtained from campaigns with wide spatial and temporal coverage. The model underestimates AOD over the remote ocean on average by 0.02 (21 %), compared to satellite observations, but provides an unbiased simulation of ground-based Maritime Aerosol Network (MAN) observations. Comparison with cruise data demonstrates that the GEOS-Chem simulation of marine sulfate, with the mean observed values ranging between 0.22 mu gm(-3) and 1.34 mu gm(-3), is generally unbiased, however surface organic matter (OM) concentrations, with the mean observed concentrations between 0.07 mu gm(-3) and 0.77 mu gm(-3), are underestimated by a factor of 2-5 for the standard model run. Addition of a sub-micron marine OM source of approximately 9 TgC yr(-1) brings the model into agreement with the ship-based measurements, however this additional OM source does not explain the model underestimate of marine AOD. The model underestimate of marine AOD is therefore likely the result of a combination of satellite retrieval bias and a missing marine aerosol source (which exhibits a different spatial pattern than existing aerosol in the model).
C1 [Lapina, K.; Heald, C. L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Spracklen, D. V.; Arnold, S. R.] Univ Leeds, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England.
[Allan, J. D.; Coe, H.; McFiggans, G.] Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England.
[Zorn, S. R.; Drewnick, F.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
[Bates, T. S.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Hawkins, L. N.; Russell, L. M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Smirnov, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[O'Dowd, C. D.] Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Sch Phys, Galway, Ireland.
[O'Dowd, C. D.] Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Ctr Climate & Air Pollut Studies, Galway, Ireland.
[Hind, A. J.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, W Boothbay Harbor, ME USA.
RP Lapina, K (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM klapina@atmos.colostate.edu
RI McFiggans, Gordon/B-8689-2011; Heald, Colette/A-6813-2011; Allan,
James/B-1160-2010; Coe, Hugh/C-8733-2013; Spracklen,
Dominick/B-4890-2014; Arnold, Steve/B-8856-2014; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014;
O'Dowd , Colin/K-8904-2012; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016;
OI McFiggans, Gordon/0000-0002-3423-7896; Coe, Hugh/0000-0002-3264-1713;
Allan, James/0000-0001-6492-4876; O'Dowd , Colin/0000-0002-3068-2212;
Arnold, Steve/0000-0002-4881-5685
FU NASA [NNX08AN75G]; National Environment Research Council (NERC) through
the Aerosol Characterisation and Modelling in the Marine Environment
(ACMME) [NE/E011454/1]; Reactive Halogens in the Marine Boundary Layer
(RHaMBLe) [NE/D006570/1]; NSF [ATM-0744636, 0741818]; European Union
(EU); Institut Polaire Franais Paul mile Victor (IPEV)
FX This work was supported by NASA, grant NNX08AN75G. We thank the MODIS
and the SeaWIFS teams for the aerosol and chlorophyll-a products and
Jeffrey Reid (NRL) and Jianglong Zhang (University of North Dakota) for
providing their quality controlled level-3 MODIS aerosol product.
RHaMBLe measurements were supported by the National Environment Research
Council (NERC) through the Aerosol Characterisation and Modelling in the
Marine Environment (ACMME, NE/E011454/1) and Reactive Halogens in the
Marine Boundary Layer (RHaMBLe, NE/D006570/1) projects, both part of the
Surface-Ocean/Lower Atmosphere Study (UK SOLAS) directed programme.
VOCALS measurements were supported by NSF grant ATM-0744636. OOMPH
measurements were supported by the European Union (EU) through the OOMPH
project of the EU Sixth Framework Programme and by the Institut Polaire
Franais Paul mile Victor (IPEV) through the IPEV-AEROTRACE program. We
acknowledge the MAN PIs: Patricia Quinn (USA), Norman Nelson (USA),
Joaquim Goes (USA), Andrey Proshutinsky (USA), Andreas Macke (Germany),
Sergey Sakerin (Russia), Tim Smyth (UK), Jean Sciare (France), Tymon
Zielinski (Poland), Giuseppe Zibordi (Italy), Mike Harvey (New Zealand)
and Stuart Piketh (South Africa). We also acknowledge NSF OCE grant
0741818 awarded to P. A. Matrai as part of the VOCALS REx program.
NR 71
TC 23
Z9 24
U1 4
U2 25
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 17
BP 8847
EP 8860
DI 10.5194/acp-11-8847-2011
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 819EW
UT WOS:000294809200002
ER
PT J
AU Huisman, AJ
Hottle, JR
Galloway, MM
DiGangi, JP
Coens, KL
Choi, W
Faloona, IC
Gilman, JB
Kuster, WC
de Gouw, J
Bouvier-Brown, NC
Goldstein, AH
LaFranchi, BW
Cohen, RC
Wolfe, GM
Thornton, JA
Docherty, KS
Farmer, DK
Cubison, MJ
Jimenez, JL
Mao, J
Brune, WH
Keutsch, FN
AF Huisman, A. J.
Hottle, J. R.
Galloway, M. M.
DiGangi, J. P.
Coens, K. L.
Choi, W.
Faloona, I. C.
Gilman, J. B.
Kuster, W. C.
de Gouw, J.
Bouvier-Brown, N. C.
Goldstein, A. H.
LaFranchi, B. W.
Cohen, R. C.
Wolfe, G. M.
Thornton, J. A.
Docherty, K. S.
Farmer, D. K.
Cubison, M. J.
Jimenez, J. L.
Mao, J.
Brune, W. H.
Keutsch, F. N.
TI Photochemical modeling of glyoxal at a rural site: observations and
analysis from BEARPEX 2007
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; PONDEROSA PINE PLANTATION; PEROXY NITRATES
PAN; TROPOSPHERIC DEGRADATION; ATMOSPHERIC OXIDATION; CHEMICAL
MECHANISM; VOC REACTIVITY; FOREST CANOPY; EMISSION RATE; ISOPRENE
AB We present roughly one month of high time-resolution, direct, in situ measurements of gas-phase glyoxal acquired during the BEARPEX 2007 field campaign. The research site, located on a ponderosa pine plantation in the Sierra Nevada mountains, is strongly influenced by biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs); thus this data adds to the few existing measurements of glyoxal in BVOC-dominated areas. The short lifetime of glyoxal of similar to 1 h, the fact that glyoxal mixing ratios are much higher during high temperature periods, and the results of a photochemical model demonstrate that glyoxal is strongly influenced by BVOC precursors during high temperature periods.
A zero-dimensional box model using near-explicit chemistry from the Leeds Master Chemical Mechanism v3.1 was used to investigate the processes controlling glyoxal chemistry during BEARPEX 2007. The model showed that MBO is the most important glyoxal precursor (similar to 67 %), followed by isoprene (similar to 26 %) and methylchavicol (similar to 6 %), a precursor previously not commonly considered for glyoxal production. The model calculated a noon lifetime for glyoxal of similar to 0.9 h, making glyoxal well suited as a local tracer of VOC oxidation in a forested rural environment; however, the modeled glyoxal mixing ratios over-predicted measured glyoxal by a factor 2 to 5. Loss of glyoxal to aerosol was not found to be significant, likely as a result of the very dry conditions, and could not explain the over-prediction. Although several parameters, such as an approximation for advection, were found to improve the model measurement discrepancy, reduction in OH was by far the most effective. Reducing model OH concentrations to half the measured values decreased the glyoxal over-prediction from a factor of 2.4 to 1.1, as well as the overprediction of HO2 from a factor of 1.64 to 1.14. Our analysis has shown that glyoxal is particularly sensitive to OH concentration compared to other BVOC oxidation products. This relationship arises from (i) the predominantly secondary- or higher-generation production of glyoxal from (mainly OH-driven, rather than O-3-driven) BVOC oxidation at this site and (ii) the relative importance of photolysis in glyoxal loss as compared to reaction with OH. We propose that glyoxal is a useful tracer for OH-driven BVOC oxidation chemistry.
C1 [Huisman, A. J.; Hottle, J. R.; Galloway, M. M.; DiGangi, J. P.; Coens, K. L.; Keutsch, F. N.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Choi, W.; Faloona, I. C.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Gilman, J. B.; Kuster, W. C.; de Gouw, J.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Gilman, J. B.; Kuster, W. C.; de Gouw, J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Bouvier-Brown, N. C.; Goldstein, A. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[LaFranchi, B. W.; Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Wolfe, G. M.; Thornton, J. A.] Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Docherty, K. S.; Farmer, D. K.; Cubison, M. J.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Docherty, K. S.; Farmer, D. K.; Cubison, M. J.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Mao, J.; Brune, W. H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
RP Keutsch, FN (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, 1101 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM keutsch@chem.wisc.edu
RI Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Mao,
Jingqiu/F-2511-2010; Huisman, Andrew/K-6452-2013; Keutsch,
Frank/B-2391-2012; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Thornton,
Joel/C-1142-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Wolfe,
Glenn/D-5289-2011; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Goldstein,
Allen/A-6857-2011; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010
OI Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691;
Mao, Jingqiu/0000-0002-4774-9751; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826;
Thornton, Joel/0000-0002-5098-4867; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847;
Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; Kuster,
William/0000-0002-8788-8588
FU University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Chemistry; Camille and
Henry Dreyfus Foundation; National Defense Science and Engineering
Graduate Fellowship (NDSEG); Army Research Office (ARO); NSF [ATM
0852406, ATM 0724912, ATM 0449815, ATM 0919189, ATM 0922562]; NDSEG-ARO;
National Science Foundation, Division of Atmospheric Sciences [0516610];
NOAA
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the University of
Wisconsin-Madison Department of Chemistry. The authors would like to
thank Sierra Pacific Industries for the use of their land and the
University of California, Berkeley, Center for Forestry, Blodgett Forest
Research Station for cooperation in facilitating this research. This
work was supported by the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation, a
National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship (NDSEG)
funded by the Army Research Office (ARO) and NSF ATM 0852406.
Development of the Madison-LIP instrument and measurements during
BEARPEX 2007 were supported by NSF ATM 0724912, and the NDSEG-ARO. The
NOAA GC-MS measurements were supported by the National Science
Foundation, Division of Atmospheric Sciences (grant 0516610). DKF, KSD,
MJC and JLJ were supported by NSF ATM 0449815 & ATM 0919189, and a NOAA
postdoctoral fellowship to DKF. A. H. G. and N. C. B.-B. were supported
by NSF ATM 0922562.
NR 77
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 37
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 17
BP 8883
EP 8897
DI 10.5194/acp-11-8883-2011
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 819EW
UT WOS:000294809200004
ER
PT J
AU Riemer, M
Montgomery, MT
AF Riemer, M.
Montgomery, M. T.
TI Simple kinematic models for the environmental interaction of tropical
cyclones in vertical wind shear
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID VORTEX ROSSBY-WAVES; SIMULATED HURRICANE; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; SPIRAL
BANDS; FLUID-FLOWS; PART I; INTENSITY; LAYER; DYNAMICS; RESILIENCY
AB A major impediment to the intensity forecast of tropical cyclones (TCs) is believed to be associated with the interaction of TCs with dry environmental air. However, the conditions under which pronounced TC-environment interaction takes place are not well understood. As a step towards improving our understanding of this problem, we analyze here the flow topology of a TC immersed in an environment of vertical wind shear in an idealized, three-dimensional, convection-permitting numerical experiment. A set of distinct streamlines, the so-called manifolds, can be identified under the assumptions of steady and layer-wise horizontal flow. The manifolds are shown to divide the flow around the TC into distinct regions.
The manifold structure in our numerical experiment is more complex than the well-known manifold structure of a non-divergent point vortex in uniform background flow. In particular, one manifold spirals inwards and ends in a limit cycle, a meso-scale dividing streamline encompassing the eyewall above the layer of strong inflow associated with surface friction and below the outflow layer in the upper troposphere. From the perspective of a steady and layer-wise horizontal flow model, the eyewall is well protected from the intrusion of environmental air. In order for the environmental air to intrude into the inner-core convection, time-dependent and/or vertical motions, which are prevalent in the TC inner-core, are necessary. Air with the highest values of moist-entropy resides within the limit cycle. This "moist envelope" is distorted considerably by the imposed vertical wind shear, and the shape of the moist envelope is closely related to the shape of the limit cycle. In a first approximation, the distribution of high- and low-theta(e) air around the TC at low to mid-levels is governed by the stirring of convectively modified air by the steady, horizontal flow.
Motivated by the results from the idealized numerical experiment, an analogue model based on a weakly divergent point vortex in background flow is formulated. The simple kinematic model captures the essence of many salient features of the manifold structure in the numerical experiment. A regime diagram representing realistic values of TC intensity and vertical wind shear can be constructed for the point-vortex model. The results indicate distinct scenarios of environmental interaction depending on the ratio of storm intensity and vertical-shear magnitude. Further implications of the new results derived from the manifold analysis for TCs in the real atmosphere are discussed.
C1 [Riemer, M.; Montgomery, M. T.] USN, Dept Meteorol, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA.
[Montgomery, M. T.] NOAAs Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA.
RP Riemer, M (reprint author), Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Atmospher Phys, Mainz, Germany.
EM mriemer@uni-mainz.de
RI Riemer, Michael/C-5491-2009
FU National Research Council at the Naval Postgraduate School; NASA
[NNG09HG031]; NFS [ATM-0649946, ATM-0715426]; ONR [N000014-03-1-0185]
FX This research was performed while the first author held a National
Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Naval Postgraduate
School. We acknowledge helpful discussions with Kerry Emanuel and Scott
Braun. We thank also Michael Bell and Blake Rutherford for their
insightful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. The
reviews of two anonymous referees and of Brian Tang helped to improve
the presentation of our results. This work is supported by NASA grant
NNG09HG031, NFS grant ATM-0649946, NSF Cooperative Agreement
ATM-0715426, and ONR grant N000014-03-1-0185.
NR 46
TC 36
Z9 36
U1 0
U2 9
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 17
BP 9395
EP 9414
DI 10.5194/acp-11-9395-2011
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 819EW
UT WOS:000294809200031
ER
PT J
AU Zheng, X
Albrecht, B
Jonsson, HH
Khelif, D
Feingold, G
Minnis, P
Ayers, K
Chuang, P
Donaher, S
Rossiter, D
Ghate, V
Ruiz-Plancarte, J
Sun-Mack, S
AF Zheng, X.
Albrecht, B.
Jonsson, H. H.
Khelif, D.
Feingold, G.
Minnis, P.
Ayers, K.
Chuang, P.
Donaher, S.
Rossiter, D.
Ghate, V.
Ruiz-Plancarte, J.
Sun-Mack, S.
TI Observations of the boundary layer, cloud, and aerosol variability in
the southeast Pacific near-coastal marine stratocumulus during
VOCALS-REx
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID DIURNAL CYCLE; LOWER TROPOSPHERE; EAST PACIFIC; PRECIPITATION;
ENTRAINMENT; CIRCULATION; DYNAMICS; OCEAN; JET
AB Aircraft observations made off the coast of northern Chile in the Southeastern Pacific (20 degrees S, 72 degrees W; named Point Alpha) from 16 October to 13 November 2008 during the VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study-Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx), combined with meteorological reanalysis, satellite measurements, and radiosonde data, are used to investigate the boundary layer (BL) and aerosol-cloud-drizzle variations in this region. On days without predominately synoptic and meso-scale influences, the BL at Point Alpha was typical of a non-drizzling stratocumulus-topped BL. Entrainment rates calculated from the near cloud-top fluxes and turbulence in the BL at Point Alpha appeared to be weaker than those in the BL over the open ocean west of Point Alpha and the BL near the coast of the northeast Pacific. The cloud liquid water path (LWP) varied between 15 gm(-2) and 160 gm(-2). The BL had a depth of 1140 +/- 120 m, was generally well-mixed and capped by a sharp inversion without predominately synoptic and mesoscale influences. The wind direction generally switched from southerly within the BL to northerly above the inversion. On days when a synoptic system and related mesoscale costal circulations affected conditions at Point Alpha (29 October-4 November), a moist layer above the inversion moved over Point Alpha, and the total-water mixing ratio above the inversion was larger than that within the BL.
The accumulation mode aerosol varied from 250 to 700 cm(-3) within the BL, and CCN at 0.2% supersaturation within the BL ranged between 150 and 550 cm(-3). The main aerosol source at Point Alpha was horizontal advection within the BL from south. The average cloud droplet number concentration ranged between 80 and 400 cm(-3). While the mean LWP retrieved from GOES was in good agreement with the in situ measurements, the GOES-derived cloud droplet effective radius tended to be larger than that from the aircraft in situ observations near cloud top. The aerosol and cloud LWP relationship reveals that during the typical well-mixed BL days the cloud LWP increased with the CCN concentrations. On the other hand, meteorological factors and the decoupling processes have large influences on the cloud LWP variation as well.
C1 [Zheng, X.; Albrecht, B.; Donaher, S.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Jonsson, H. H.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA.
[Khelif, D.; Ruiz-Plancarte, J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA.
[Feingold, G.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab ESRL, Boulder, CO USA.
[Minnis, P.; Ayers, K.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Chuang, P.; Rossiter, D.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Ghate, V.] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA.
[Sun-Mack, S.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA.
RP Zheng, X (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM xzheng@rsmas.miami.edu
RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Zheng, Xue/F-9988-2016; Minnis,
Patrick/G-1902-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Zheng, Xue/0000-0002-9372-1776; Minnis, Patrick/0000-0002-4733-6148;
FU ONR [N000140810465, N000140810438]; NOAA/CPPA [NA08OAR4320889]; NASA;
Department of Energy [DE-AI02-07ER64546]; NOAA
FX The observations used in this study were made possible through the
dedicated efforts of several individuals. Pilots Mike Hubble and Chris
McGuire were instrumental in the development and execution of the flight
plans and endured the long ferry of the Twin Otter aircraft to Iquique
Chile and back. This work was supported by ONR grant N000140810465 and
the NOAA/CPPA Program under grant NA08OAR4320889. Djamal Khelif was
supported by ONR grant N000140810438. P. Minnis, K. Ayers, and S.
Sun-Mack were supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction
Program, the NASA Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System Project,
and the Department of Energy ARM Program through DE-AI02-07ER64546.
Graham Feingold was supported by NOAA's Climate Goal.
NR 41
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 0
U2 17
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 18
BP 9943
EP 9959
DI 10.5194/acp-11-9943-2011
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 826QL
UT WOS:000295368700034
ER
PT J
AU Weigel, R
Borrmann, S
Kazil, J
Minikin, A
Stohl, A
Wilson, JC
Reeves, JM
Kunkel, D
de Reus, M
Frey, W
Lovejoy, ER
Volk, CM
Viciani, S
D'Amato, F
Schiller, C
Peter, T
Schlager, H
Cairo, F
Law, KS
Shur, GN
Belyaev, GV
Curtius, J
AF Weigel, R.
Borrmann, S.
Kazil, J.
Minikin, A.
Stohl, A.
Wilson, J. C.
Reeves, J. M.
Kunkel, D.
de Reus, M.
Frey, W.
Lovejoy, E. R.
Volk, C. M.
Viciani, S.
D'Amato, F.
Schiller, C.
Peter, T.
Schlager, H.
Cairo, F.
Law, K. S.
Shur, G. N.
Belyaev, G. V.
Curtius, J.
TI In situ observations of new particle formation in the tropical upper
troposphere: the role of clouds and the nucleation mechanism
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID DISPERSION MODEL FLEXPART; AQUEOUS SULFURIC-ACID; GALACTIC COSMIC-RAYS;
LOWER STRATOSPHERE; AEROSOL NUCLEATION; TROPOPAUSE LAYER; SIZE
DISTRIBUTION; DEEP CONVECTION; CIRRUS CLOUDS; WEST-AFRICA
AB New particle formation (NPF), which generates nucleation mode aerosol, was observed in the tropical Upper Troposphere (UT) and Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL) by in situ airborne measurements over South America (January-March 2005), Australia (November-December 2005), West Africa (August 2006) and Central America (2004-2007). Particularly intense NPF was found at the bottom of the TTL. Measurements with a set of condensation particle counters (CPCs) with different d(p50) (50% lower size detection efficiency diameter or "cut-off diameter") were conducted on board the M-55 Geophysica in the altitude range of 12.0-20.5 km and on board the DLR Falcon-20 at up to 11.5 km altitude. On board the NASA WB-57F size distributions were measured over Central America in the 4 to 1000 nm diameter range with a system of nucleation mode aerosol spectrometers. Nucleation mode particle concentrations (NNM) were derived from these measurements which allow for identifying many NPF events with N-NM in the range of thousands of particles per cm(3). Over Australia and West Africa, we identified NPF in the outflow of tropical convection, in particular of a Mesoscale Convective System (MCS). Newly formed particles with N-NM > 1000 cm(-3) were found to coexist with ice cloud particles (d(p) > 2 mu m) as long as cloud particle concentrations remained below 2 cm(-3). The occurrence of NPF within the upper troposphere and the TTL was generally confined within 340 K to 380 K potential temperature, but NPF was of particular strength between 350 K and 370 K (i.e. similar to 1-4 km below the cold point tropopause). Analyses of the aerosol volatility (at 250 degrees C) show that in the TTL on average 75-90% of the particles were volatile, compared to typically only 50% in the extra-tropical UT, indicative for the particles to mainly consist of H2SO4-H2O and possibly organic compounds. Along two flight segments over Central and South America (24 February 2005 and 7 August 2006, at 12.5 km altitude) in cloud free air, above thin cirrus, particularly high N-NM were observed. Recent lifting had influenced the probed air masses, and N-NM reached up to 16 000 particles cm(-3) (ambient concentration). A sensitivity study using an aerosol model, which includes neutral and ion induced nucleation processes, simulates N-NM in reasonable agreement with the in situ observations of clear-air NPF. Based on new, stringent multi-CPC criteria, our measurements corroborate the hypothesis that the tropical UT and the TTL are regions supplying freshly nucleated particles. Our findings narrow the altitude of the main source region to the bottom TTL, i.e. to the level of main tropical convection outflow, and, by means of measurements of carbon monoxide, they indicate the importance of anthropogenic emissions in NPF. After growth and/or coalescence the nucleation mode particles may act as cloud condensation nuclei in the tropical UT, or, upon ascent into the stratosphere, contribute to maintain the stratospheric background aerosol.
C1 [Weigel, R.; Borrmann, S.; de Reus, M.; Curtius, J.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Mainz, Germany.
[Borrmann, S.; Kunkel, D.; Frey, W.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Abt Partikelchem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
[Kazil, J.; Lovejoy, E. R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Kazil, J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Minikin, A.; Schlager, H.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany.
[Stohl, A.] Norwegian Inst Air Res NILU, Kjeller, Norway.
[Wilson, J. C.; Reeves, J. M.] Univ Denver, Dept Engn, Denver, CO 80208 USA.
[Volk, C. M.] Berg Univ Wuppertal, Inst Atmospharenphys, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany.
[Viciani, S.; D'Amato, F.] CNR, Ist Nazl Ott, Florence, Italy.
[Schiller, C.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energie & Klimaforsch Stratosphare, D-52425 Julich, Germany.
[Peter, T.] Eidgenossische Tech Hsch ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland.
[Cairo, F.] CNR, Ist Sci Atmosfera & Clima ISAC CNR, Florence, Italy.
[Law, K. S.] Univ Paris 06, UPMC, Paris, France.
[Law, K. S.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, Paris, France.
[Law, K. S.] CNRS INSU, LATMOS IPSL, UMR 8190, Paris, France.
[Shur, G. N.] Cent Aerol Observ, Dolgoprudnyi, Moskow Region, Russia.
[Belyaev, G. V.] MDB Myasishchev Design Bur, Moscow, Russia.
RP Weigel, R (reprint author), Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Mainz, Germany.
EM weigelr@uni-mainz.de
RI Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Minikin, Andreas/A-3904-2011; Borrmann,
Stephan/E-3868-2010; Schiller, Cornelius/B-1004-2013; Kazil,
Jan/B-7652-2013; Kunkel, Daniel/D-7287-2014; Frey, Wiebke/G-2058-2014;
Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; cairo, francesco/C-7460-2015
OI Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Minikin,
Andreas/0000-0003-0999-4657; Kazil, Jan/0000-0003-3271-2451; Kunkel,
Daniel/0000-0002-9652-0099; Frey, Wiebke/0000-0003-4282-1264; cairo,
francesco/0000-0002-2886-2601
FU EC [EVK2-CT-2001-00122, 505390-GOCE-CT-2004-505390, 004089-2];
EEIG-Geophysica Consortium; CNRS-INSU; DLR; European Community; NOAA
[NA08OAR4310566]; NASA Earth Science Division
FX The TROCCINOX and SCOUT-O3 projects were funded by the EC
under Contracts No. EVK2-CT-2001-00122 and 505390-GOCE-CT-2004-505390.
The M-55 Geophysica campaigns also were supported by the EEIG-Geophysica
Consortium, CNRS-INSU, EC Integrated Projects AMMA-EU (Contract No.
004089-2), and by the DLR. Based on a French initiative, AMMA was funded
by several research agencies from France, the United Kingdom, the United
States, Africa, Germany, and in particular from the European Community
Sixth Framework Program (AMMA-EU). For us significant support also was
provided from the Max-Planck-Society. Also we acknowledge logistical
support from the AMMA Operations Centre in Niamey, Niger. The local
authorities, scientists, and staff in Aracatuba (Brazil), Darwin
(Australia) and Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) were extraordinarily helpful
for conducting the campaigns. We thank T. Drabo (Ouagadougou), S.
Balestri and the entire Geophysica crew, especially the pilots and
engineers. Essential technical support for our instruments was provided
by T. Bottger, W. Schneider, C. von Glahn, and M. Flanz, and is most
gratefully acknowledged. H. Ruba, T. Hamburger and B. Weinzierl are
acknowledged for supporting the CPC measurements aboard the DLR
Falcon-20. We thank U. Schumann (DLR) for the coordination and the
flight planning during TROCCINOX. J. Kazil is supported by the NOAA OAR
Climate Program Office grant NA08OAR4310566. The flight missions of the
NASA WB-57F aircraft (Pre-AVE, AVE 0506, Cr-AVE and TC4) in the years
2004 to 2007 during which the University of Denver NMASS-FCAS instrument
participated have been supported by the NASA Earth Science Division.
NR 108
TC 20
Z9 21
U1 2
U2 26
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 18
BP 9983
EP 10010
DI 10.5194/acp-11-9983-2011
PG 28
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 826QL
UT WOS:000295368700037
ER
PT J
AU Solomon, A
Shupe, MD
Persson, POG
Morrison, H
AF Solomon, A.
Shupe, M. D.
Persson, P. O. G.
Morrison, H.
TI Moisture and dynamical interactions maintaining decoupled Arctic
mixed-phase stratocumulus in the presence of a humidity inversion
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PART I;
MODEL; ENTRAINMENT; MICROPHYSICS; SENSITIVITY; INSTABILITY; TRANSITION
AB Observations suggest that processes maintaining subtropical and Arctic stratocumulus differ, due to the different environments in which they occur. For example, specific humidity inversions (specific humidity increasing with height) are frequently observed to occur near cloud top coincident with temperature inversions in the Arctic, while they do not occur in the subtropics. In this study we use nested LES simulations of decoupled Arctic Mixed-Phase Stratocumulus (AMPS) clouds observed during the DOE Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program's Indirect and SemiDirect Aerosol Campaign (ISDAC) to analyze budgets of water components, potential temperature, and turbulent kinetic energy. These analyses quantify the processes that maintain decoupled AMPS, including the role of humidity inversions. Key structural features include a shallow upper entrainment zone at cloud top that is located within the temperature and humidity inversions, a mixed layer driven by cloud-top cooling that extends from the base of the upper entrainment zone to below cloud base, and a lower entrainment zone at the base of the mixed layer. The surface layer below the lower entrainment zone is decoupled from the cloud mixed-layer system. Budget results show that cloud liquid water is maintained in the upper entrainment zone near cloud top (within a temperature and humidity inversion) due to a down gradient transport of water vapor by turbulent fluxes into the cloud layer from above and direct condensation forced by radiative cooling. Liquid water is generated in the updraft portions of the mixed-layer eddies below cloud top by buoyant destabilization. These processes cause at least 20% of the cloud liquid water to extend into the inversion. The redistribution of water vapor from the top of the humidity inversion to its base maintains the cloud layer, while the mixed layer-entrainment zone system is continually losing total water. In this decoupled system, the humidity inversion is the only source of water vapor for the cloud system, since water vapor from the surface layer is not efficiently transported into the mixed layer. Sedimentation of ice is the dominant sink of moisture from the mixed layer.
C1 [Solomon, A.; Shupe, M. D.; Persson, P. O. G.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Solomon, A.; Shupe, M. D.; Persson, P. O. G.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Morrison, H.] NCAR, NESL, MMM, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Solomon, A (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM amy.solomon@noaa.gov
RI Solomon, Amy/L-8988-2013; Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011
OI Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982
FU Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy [DE-FG01-05ER63965];
National Science Foundation [ARC-1023366]; US DOE ARM
[DE-FG02-08ER64574]; NSF Science and Technology Center for Multiscale
Modeling of Atmospheric Processes (CMMAP)
FX This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), US
Department of Energy (DE-FG01-05ER63965) and National Science Foundation
(ARC-1023366). Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations
expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not
necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors. HM acknowledges partial
funding from US DOE ARM DE-FG02-08ER64574, and the NSF Science and
Technology Center for Multiscale Modeling of Atmospheric Processes
(CMMAP), managed by Colorado State University used in this study were
provided by the Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement
Program. ECMWF datasets used as boundary conditions for the model
simulations were downloaded from the Research Data Archive, which is
maintained by the Computational and Information Systems Laboratory at
the National Center for Atmospheric Research. The National Center for
Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation.
NR 50
TC 42
Z9 42
U1 0
U2 20
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 19
BP 10127
EP 10148
DI 10.5194/acp-11-10127-2011
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 839HW
UT WOS:000296357300008
ER
PT J
AU Worton, DR
Goldstein, AH
Farmer, DK
Docherty, KS
Jimenez, JL
Gilman, JB
Kuster, WC
de Gouw, J
Williams, BJ
Kreisberg, NM
Hering, SV
Bench, G
McKay, M
Kristensen, K
Glasius, M
Surratt, JD
Seinfeld, JH
AF Worton, D. R.
Goldstein, A. H.
Farmer, D. K.
Docherty, K. S.
Jimenez, J. L.
Gilman, J. B.
Kuster, W. C.
de Gouw, J.
Williams, B. J.
Kreisberg, N. M.
Hering, S. V.
Bench, G.
McKay, M.
Kristensen, K.
Glasius, M.
Surratt, J. D.
Seinfeld, J. H.
TI Origins and composition of fine atmospheric carbonaceous aerosol in the
Sierra Nevada Mountains, California
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; PONDEROSA PINE PLANTATION; IN-SITU
MEASUREMENTS; NON-FOSSIL CARBON; OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY;
CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; HIGH-RESOLUTION; MEXICO-CITY;
AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS
AB In this paper we report chemically resolved measurements of organic aerosol (OA) and related tracers during the Biosphere Effects on Aerosols and Photochemistry Experiment (BEARPEX) at the Blodgett Forest Research Station, California from 15 August-10 October 2007. OA contributed the majority of the mass to the fine atmospheric particles and was predominately oxygenated (OOA). The highest concentrations of OA were during sporadic wildfire influence when aged plumes were impacting the site. In situ measurements of particle phase molecular markers were dominated by secondary compounds and along with gas phase compounds could be categorized into six factors or sources: (1) aged biomass burning emissions and oxidized urban emissions, (2) oxidized urban emissions (3) oxidation products of monoterpene emissions, (4) monoterpene emissions, (5) anthropogenic emissions and (6) local methyl chavicol emissions and oxidation products. There were multiple biogenic components that contributed to OA at this site whose contributions varied diurnally, seasonally and in response to changing meteorological conditions, e. g. temperature and precipitation events. Concentrations of isoprene oxidation products were larger when temperatures were higher during the first half of the campaign (15 August-12 September) due to more substantial emissions of isoprene and enhanced photochemistry. The oxidation of methyl chavicol, an oxygenated terpene emitted by ponderosa pine trees, contributed similarly to OA throughout the campaign. In contrast, the abundances of monoterpene oxidation products in the particle phase were greater during the cooler conditions in the latter half of the campaign (13 September-10 October), even though emissions of the precursors were lower, although the mechanism is not known. OA was correlated with the anthropogenic tracers 2-propyl nitrate and carbon monoxide (CO), consistent with previous observations, while being comprised of mostly non-fossil carbon (>75 %). The correlation between OA and an anthropogenic tracer does not necessarily identify the source of the carbon as being anthropogenic but instead suggests a coupling between the anthropogenic and biogenic components in the air mass that might be related to the source of the oxidant and/or the aerosol sulfate. Observations of organosulfates of isoprene and alpha-pinene provided evidence for the likely importance of aerosol sulfate in spite of neutralized aerosol although acidic plumes might have played a role upwind of the site. This is in contrast to laboratory studies where strongly acidic seed aerosols were needed in order to form these compounds. These compounds together represented only a minor fraction (<1 %) of the total OA mass, which may be the result of the neutralized aerosol at the site or because only a small number of organosulfates were quantified. The low contribution of organosulfates to total OA suggests that other mechanisms, e. g. NOx enhancement of oxidant levels, are likely responsible for the majority of the anthropogenic enhancement of biogenic secondary organic aerosol observed at this site.
C1 [Worton, D. R.; Goldstein, A. H.; McKay, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Worton, D. R.; Kreisberg, N. M.; Hering, S. V.] Aerosol Dynam Inc, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA.
[Goldstein, A. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Farmer, D. K.; Docherty, K. S.; Jimenez, J. L.; Gilman, J. B.; de Gouw, J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Farmer, D. K.; Docherty, K. S.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Gilman, J. B.; Kuster, W. C.; de Gouw, J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Williams, B. J.] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA.
[Bench, G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
[Kristensen, K.; Glasius, M.] Univ Aarhus, Dept Chem, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
[Surratt, J. D.] CALTECH, Dept Chem, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Seinfeld, J. H.] CALTECH, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Seinfeld, J. H.] CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Worton, DR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM dworton@berkeley.edu
RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011; Worton,
David/A-8374-2012; Williams, Brent/A-2886-2013; Kuster,
William/E-7421-2010; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Surratt,
Jason/D-3611-2009; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015; Hering, Susanne/B-1906-2012
OI Glasius, Marianne/0000-0002-4404-6989; Jimenez,
Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; Worton,
David/0000-0002-6558-5586; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Gilman,
Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; Surratt, Jason/0000-0002-6833-1450; de
Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826;
FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [0922562, ATM-0516610, ATM-0919189];
University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources (ANR); Miller
Institute in Basic Research in Science at the University of California
Berkeley; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; NSF US-NORDIC
FX Funding for UCB was provided by the National Science Foundation (NSF,
Grant #0922562) and a University of California Agriculture and Natural
Resources (ANR) core issue grant. AHG was partially supported by the
Miller Institute in Basic Research in Science at the University of
California Berkeley. DKF, KSD and JLJ were supported by NSF ATM-0919189.
JBG and JDG were partially supported by the National Science Foundation
under grant ATM-0516610. This work was partially performed under the
auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. Analyses at the University
of Aarhus were partially funded by the NSF US-NORDIC biogenic secondary
organic aerosol workshop program. The authors acknowledge Sierra Pacific
Industries for the use of their land and the University of California,
Berkeley, Center for Forestry, Blodgett Forest Research Station for
cooperation in facilitating this research. The authors thank S. S. Cliff
(University of California, Davis) for the loan of the high volume filter
sampler. N. C. Bouvier-Brown (Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles),
Y. Zhao and E. C. Browne (University of California, Berkeley) for their
help with filter collection. N. C. Bouvier-Brown is also thanked for
providing the gas phase methyl chavicol data used in the factor analysis
and D. M. Matross (University of California, Berkeley) for making the
PTR-MS gradient measurements used to normalize the gas phase methyl
chavicol data used in the factor analysis. A. Frossard (University of
California, San Diego) for assistance with TAG and Brian LaFranchi
(Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory) for writing the data merging
code. We are grateful to Nathan Eddingsaas (Caltech) for providing the
BEPOX-derived organosulfate standard and Yoshiteru Iinuma
(Leibniz-Institut fuer Troposphaerenforschung) for providing the
beta-pinene oxide derived organosulfate standard used for quantification
of IEPOX- and beta-pinene-derived organosulfates, respectively, by
LC/ESI-MS techniques. Additionally, we would also like to thank Man Nin
Chan and Katherine Schilling (Caltech) for their assistance with filter
extractions and UPLC/ESI-HR-TOFMS analyses.
NR 128
TC 37
Z9 38
U1 0
U2 56
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 19
BP 10219
EP 10241
DI 10.5194/acp-11-10219-2011
PG 23
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 839HW
UT WOS:000296357300014
ER
PT J
AU Andrews, E
Sheridan, PJ
Ogren, JA
AF Andrews, E.
Sheridan, P. J.
Ogren, J. A.
TI Seasonal differences in the vertical profiles of aerosol optical
properties over rural Oklahoma
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; FILTER-BASED MEASUREMENTS; VISIBLE-LIGHT
ABSORPTION; UNITED-STATES; BLACK CARBON; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; MIXING
HEIGHT; WATER-VAPOR; RAMAN-LIDAR; VARIABILITY
AB A small airplane made 597 aerosol optical property (light absorption and light scattering) vertical profile measurements over a rural Oklahoma site between March 2000 and December 2007. The aerosol profiles obtained during these 8 yr of measurements suggest significant seasonal differences in aerosol loading (scattering and absorption). The highest amounts of scattering and absorbing aerosol are observed during the summer and the lowest loading occurs during the winter. The relative contribution of aerosol absorption is highest in the winter (i.e., single scattering albedo is lowest in winter), particularly aloft. Aerosol absorption generally decreased with altitude below similar to 1.5 km and then was relatively constant or decreased more gradually above that. Aerosol scattering decreased sharply with altitude below similar to 1.5 km but, unlike absorption, also decreased at higher altitudes, albeit less sharply. Scattering Angstrom exponents suggest that the aerosol was dominated by sub-micron aerosol during the summer at all altitudes, but that larger particles were present, especially in the spring and winter above 1 km. The seasonal variability observed for aerosol loading is consistent with AERONET aerosol optical depth (AOD) although the AOD values calculated from in situ adjusted to ambient conditions and matching wavelengths are up to a factor of two lower than AERONET AOD values depending on season. The column averaged single scattering albedo derived from in situ airplane measurements are similar in value to the AERONET single scattering albedo inversion product but the seasonal patterns are different - possibly a consequence of the strict constraints on obtaining single scattering albedo from AERONET data. A comparison of extinction Angstrom exponent and asymmetry parameter from the airplane and AERONET platforms suggests similar seasonal variability with smaller particles observed in the summer and fall and larger particles observed in spring and winter. The observed seasonal cycle of aerosol loading corresponds with changes in air mass back trajectories: the aerosol scattering was higher when transport was from polluted areas (e.g., the Gulf Coast) and lower when the air came from cleaner regions and/or the upper atmosphere.
C1 [Andrews, E.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Sheridan, P. J.; Ogren, J. A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Andrews, E (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Mail Box 216, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM betsy.andrews@noaa.gov
RI Ogren, John/M-8255-2015
OI Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583
FU DOE-ARM
FX This research was funded by DOE-ARM. Greenwood Aviation in Ponca City
operated the plane and the data set reported here would not have been
possible without their dedicated effort. The Cimel Sun-Photometer data
were collected by the U.S. Department of Energy as part of the
Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Climate Research Facility
(ACRF) and processed by the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration's Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). We thank the Brent
Holben and Rick Wagener for their effort in establishing and maintaining
the SGP AERONET data discussed in this paper (AERONET station name for
this data set is "Cart Site"). We also thank Anne Jefferson for
mentoring the SGP surface humidograph data.
NR 56
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PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 20
BP 10661
EP 10676
DI 10.5194/acp-11-10661-2011
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 842IW
UT WOS:000296593000023
ER
PT J
AU Talukdar, RK
Zhu, L
Feierabend, KJ
Burkholder, JB
AF Talukdar, R. K.
Zhu, L.
Feierabend, K. J.
Burkholder, J. B.
TI Rate coefficients for the reaction of methylglyoxal (CH3COCHO) with OH
and NO3 and glyoxal (HCO)(2) with NO3
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CATALYZED HETEROGENEOUS REACTIONS; ORGANIC AEROSOL FORMATION;
TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCES; RADICAL REACTIONS; QUANTUM YIELDS; RATE
CONSTANTS; PHOTOLYSIS; MECHANISM; KINETICS; ACETALDEHYDE
AB Rate coefficients, k, for the gas-phase reaction of CH3COCHO (methylglyoxal) with the OH and NO3 radicals and (CHO)(2) (glyoxal) with the NO3 radical are reported. Rate coefficients for the OH + CH3COCHO (k(1)) reaction were measured under pseudo-first-order conditions in OH as a function of temperature (211-373 K) and pressure (100-220 Torr, He and N-2 bath gases) using pulsed laser photolysis to produce OH radicals and laser induced fluorescence to measure its temporal profile. k(1) was found to be independent of the bath gas pressure with k(1)(295 K) = (1.29 +/- 0.13) x 10(-11) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) and a temperature dependence that is well represented by the Arrhenius expression k(1)(T) = (1.74 +/- 0.20) x 10(-12) exp[(590 +/- 40)/T] cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) where the uncertainties are 2 sigma and include estimated systematic errors. Rate coefficients for the NO3 + (CHO)(2) (k(3)) and NO3 + CH3COCHO (k(4)) reactions were measured using a relative rate technique to be k(3)(296 K) = (4.0 +/- 1.0) x 10(-16) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) and k(4)(296 K) = (5.1 +/- 2.1) x 10(-16) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). k(3)(T) was also measured using an absolute rate coefficient method under pseudo-first-order conditions at 296 and 353 K to be (4.2 +/- 0.8) x 10(-16) and (7.9 +/- 3.6) x 10(-1)6 cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), respectively, in agreement with the relative rate result obtained at room temperature. The atmospheric implications of the OH and NO3 reaction rate coefficients measured in this work are discussed.
C1 [Talukdar, R. K.; Zhu, L.; Feierabend, K. J.; Burkholder, J. B.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Talukdar, R. K.; Zhu, L.; Feierabend, K. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Talukdar, RK (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM ranajit.k.talukdar@noaa.gov
RI TALUKDAR, RANAJIT/G-4530-2013; Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Manager,
CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI TALUKDAR, RANAJIT/0000-0001-6017-8431;
FU NOAA
FX This work was funded in part by NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere Program.
NR 50
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Z9 3
U1 3
U2 20
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 21
BP 10837
EP 10851
DI 10.5194/acp-11-10837-2011
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 847IZ
UT WOS:000296967900006
ER
PT J
AU Roiger, A
Schlager, H
Schafler, A
Huntrieser, H
Scheibe, M
Aufmhoff, H
Cooper, OR
Sodemann, H
Stohl, A
Burkhart, J
Lazzara, M
Schiller, C
Law, KS
Arnold, F
AF Roiger, A.
Schlager, H.
Schaefler, A.
Huntrieser, H.
Scheibe, M.
Aufmhoff, H.
Cooper, O. R.
Sodemann, H.
Stohl, A.
Burkhart, J.
Lazzara, M.
Schiller, C.
Law, K. S.
Arnold, F.
TI In-situ observation of Asian pollution transported into the Arctic
lowermost stratosphere
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID LAGRANGIAN-BASED ANALYSIS; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; AIR-POLLUTION; AIRCRAFT
MEASUREMENTS; MODEL SIMULATIONS; REACTIVE NITROGEN; INTERCONTINENTAL
TRANSPORT; CHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; EXTRATROPICAL TROPOPAUSE; SOURCE
IDENTIFICATION
AB On a research flight on 10 July 2008, the German research aircraft Falcon sampled an air mass with unusually high carbon monoxide (CO), peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) and water vapour (H2O) mixing ratios in the Arctic lowermost stratosphere. The air mass was encountered twice at an altitude of 11.3 km, similar to 800 m above the dynamical tropopause. In-situ measurements of ozone, NO, and NOy indicate that this layer was a mixed air mass containing both air from the troposphere and stratosphere. Backward trajectory and Lagrangian particle dispersion model analysis suggest that the Falcon sampled the top of a polluted air mass originating from the coastal regions of East Asia. The anthropogenic pollution plume experienced strong uplift in a warm conveyor belt (WCB) located over the Russian east-coast. Subsequently the Asian air mass was transported across the North Pole into the sampling area, elevating the local tropopause by up to similar to 3 km. Mixing with surrounding Arctic stratospheric air most likely took place during the horizontal transport when the tropospheric streamer was stretched into long and narrow filaments. The mechanism illustrated in this study possibly presents an important pathway to transport pollution into the polar tropopause region.
C1 [Roiger, A.; Schlager, H.; Schaefler, A.; Huntrieser, H.; Scheibe, M.; Aufmhoff, H.; Arnold, F.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany.
[Aufmhoff, H.; Arnold, F.] Max Planck Inst Nucl Phys, Atmospher Phys Div, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
[Cooper, O. R.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Sodemann, H.; Stohl, A.; Burkhart, J.] Norwegian Inst Air Res NILU, Kjeller, Norway.
[Lazzara, M.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Schiller, C.] Forschungszentrum Julich, IEK Stratosphere 7, D-52425 Julich, Germany.
[Law, K. S.] Univ Versailles, UPMC Univ Paris 06, LATMOS IPSL, CNRS INSU, Paris, France.
RP Roiger, A (reprint author), Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany.
EM anke.roiger@dlr.de
RI Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Schiller, Cornelius/B-1004-2013; Cooper,
Owen/H-4875-2013; Burkhart, John/B-7095-2008; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Burkhart, John/0000-0002-5587-1693;
FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [SPP 1294 (SCHL1857/2-1), PAK 348
(SCHL1857/3-1)]; Norwegian Research Council; ANR/CNRS-INSU
POLARCAT-France; Arctic Natural Science Program; Office of Polar
Programs; National Science Foundation [ARC-0713843]
FX This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
under SPP 1294 (SCHL1857/2-1) and PAK 348 (SCHL1857/3-1). We thank the
pilots, engineers and scientists from the DLR flight department for
their excellent support during the campaign. Michael Lichtenstern and
Paul Stock are greatly acknowledged for their help in acquiring this
data set. We thank Gebhard Gunther (FZ-Julich) and Andreas Dornbrack for
helpful discussions. Harald Sodemann and Andreas Stohl were funded by
the Norwegian Research Council in the framework of POLARCAT-Norway. K.
S. Law was supported by the ANR/CNRS-INSU POLARCAT-France project. The
Arctic composite images were produced from geostationary and polar
orbiting satellite retrievals by the Space Science and Engineering
Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison (funded by the Arctic Natural
Science Program, Office of Polar Programs, National Science Foundation
Grant ARC-0713843). We acknowledge the University of Wyoming for
providing sounding data to derive temperature profiles
(http://weather.uwyo.edu/upperair/sounding.html).
NR 90
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U1 2
U2 23
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 21
BP 10975
EP 10994
DI 10.5194/acp-11-10975-2011
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 847IZ
UT WOS:000296967900014
ER
PT J
AU Battle, MO
Severinghaus, JP
Sofen, ED
Plotkin, D
Orsi, AJ
Aydin, M
Montzka, SA
Sowers, T
Tans, PP
AF Battle, M. O.
Severinghaus, J. P.
Sofen, E. D.
Plotkin, D.
Orsi, A. J.
Aydin, M.
Montzka, S. A.
Sowers, T.
Tans, P. P.
TI Controls on the movement and composition of firn air at the West
Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ABRUPT CLIMATE-CHANGE; POLAR ICE; MOLECULAR-DIFFUSION; STRATOSPHERIC
TRANSPORT; GAS CONCENTRATIONS; AGE; O-2; CO2; FRACTIONATION; CONVECTION
AB We sampled interstitial air from the perennial snowpack (firn) at a site near the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide (WAIS-D) and analyzed the air samples for a wide variety of gas species and their isotopes. We find limited convective influence (1.4-5.2 m, depending on detection method) in the shallow firn, gravitational enrichment of heavy species throughout the diffusive column in general agreement with theoretical expectations, a similar to 10 m thick lock-in zone beginning at similar to 67 m, and a total firn thickness consistent with predictions of Kaspers et al. (2004). Our modeling work shows that the air has an age spread (spectral width) of 4.8 yr for CO2 at the firn-ice transition. We also find that advection of firn air due to the 22 cm yr(-1) ice-equivalent accumulation rate has a minor impact on firn air composition, causing changes that are comparable to other modeling uncertainties and intrinsic sample variability. Furthermore, estimates of 1 age (the gas age/ice age difference) at WAIS-D appear to be largely unaffected by bubble closure above the lock-in zone. Within the lock-in zone, small gas species and their isotopes show evidence of size-dependent fractionation due to permeation through the ice lattice with a size threshold of 0.36 nm, as at other sites. We also see an unequivocal and unprecedented signal of oxygen isotope fractionation within the lock-in zone, which we interpret as the mass-dependent expression of a size-dependent fractionation process.
C1 [Battle, M. O.; Sofen, E. D.; Plotkin, D.] Bowdoin Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA.
[Severinghaus, J. P.; Orsi, A. J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Aydin, M.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
[Montzka, S. A.; Tans, P. P.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Sowers, T.] Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
RP Battle, MO (reprint author), Bowdoin Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, 8800 Coll Stn, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA.
EM mbattle@bowdoin.edu
RI Plotkin, David/M-3921-2013;
OI Plotkin, David/0000-0002-8574-9111; Sofen, Eric/0000-0002-4495-2148;
Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400
FU NSF [0440602, 0440509, 0440701, 0739491, 0440759]
FX We thank Lou Albershardt, Beth Bergeron, Terry Gacke, Jay Kyne and Mike
Waszkiewics for their careful drilling of the holes. Markus Leuenberger
graciously provided accommodations and helpful conversations while
writing. The authors acknowledge NSF Antarctic Program support from the
following grants: Aydin - 0440602, Battle - 0440509, Severinghaus -
0440701, Sowers - 0739491 and 0440759. Montzka thanks the Atmospheric
Composition and Climate Program of NOAA's Climate Program Office.
NR 53
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PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 21
BP 11007
EP 11021
DI 10.5194/acp-11-11007-2011
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 847IZ
UT WOS:000296967900016
ER
PT J
AU Ervens, B
Turpin, BJ
Weber, RJ
AF Ervens, B.
Turpin, B. J.
Weber, R. J.
TI Secondary organic aerosol formation in cloud droplets and aqueous
particles (aqSOA): a review of laboratory, field and model studies
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID HUMIC-LIKE SUBSTANCES; METHYL VINYL KETONE; ISOPRENE-DERIVED
ORGANOSULFATES; RESOLUTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOLUBLE
DICARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; CONDENSATION NUCLEI CCN; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER;
LOS-ANGELES BASIN; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS
AB Progress has been made over the past decade in predicting secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass in the atmosphere using vapor pressure-driven partitioning, which implies that SOA compounds are formed in the gas phase and then partition to an organic phase (gasSOA). However, discrepancies in predicting organic aerosol oxidation state, size and product (molecular mass) distribution, relative humidity (RH) dependence, color, and vertical profile suggest that additional SOA sources and aging processes may be important. The formation of SOA in cloud and aerosol water (aqSOA) is not considered in these models even though water is an abundant medium for atmospheric chemistry and such chemistry can form dicarboxylic acids and "humic-like substances" (oligomers, high-molecular-weight compounds), i.e. compounds that do not have any gas phase sources but comprise a significant fraction of the total SOA mass. There is direct evidence from field observations and laboratory studies that organic aerosol is formed in cloud and aerosol water, contributing substantial mass to the droplet mode.
This review summarizes the current knowledge on aqueous phase organic reactions and combines evidence that points to a significant role of aqSOA formation in the atmosphere. Model studies are discussed that explore the importance of aqSOA formation and suggestions for model improvements are made based on the comprehensive set of laboratory data presented here. A first comparison is made between aqSOA and gasSOA yields and mass predictions for selected conditions. These simulations suggest that aqSOA might contribute almost as much mass as gasSOA to the SOA budget, with highest contributions from biogenic emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) in the presence of anthropogenic pollutants (i.e. NOx) at high relative humidity and cloudiness. Gaps in the current understanding of aqSOA processes are discussed and further studies (laboratory, field, model) are outlined to complement current data sets.
C1 [Ervens, B.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Ervens, B.] NOAA, ESRL CSD Boulder, Boulder, CO USA.
[Turpin, B. J.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA.
[Weber, R. J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
RP Ervens, B (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM barbara.ervens@noaa.gov
RI Turpin, Barbara /D-8346-2012; Ervens, Barbara/D-5495-2013; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Ervens, Barbara/0000-0002-6223-1635;
FU NOAA's Climate Goal; Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy
[DE-FG02-08ER64539]; NOAA [NA07OAR4310279]; EPA STAR [WDC-RD-833751]
FX We thank Alma Hodzic and Jerome Fast for providing data for Fig. 2d, and
2e; we thank Jose Jimenez for useful discussions. BE acknowledges
support from NOAA's Climate Goal and from the Office of Science (BER),
US Department of Energy, grant DE-FG02-08ER64539. BT acknowledges
support from NOAA (NA07OAR4310279) and the EPA STAR program
(WDC-RD-833751).
NR 267
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PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 21
BP 11069
EP 11102
DI 10.5194/acp-11-11069-2011
PG 34
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 847IZ
UT WOS:000296967900020
ER
PT J
AU Kim, SW
McKeen, SA
Frost, GJ
Lee, SH
Trainer, M
Richter, A
Angevine, WM
Atlas, E
Bianco, L
Boersma, KF
Brioude, J
Burrows, JP
de Gouw, J
Fried, A
Gleason, J
Hilboll, A
Mellqvist, J
Peischl, J
Richter, D
Rivera, C
Ryerson, T
Hekkert, STL
Walega, J
Warneke, C
Weibring, P
Williams, E
AF Kim, S-W
McKeen, S. A.
Frost, G. J.
Lee, S-H
Trainer, M.
Richter, A.
Angevine, W. M.
Atlas, E.
Bianco, L.
Boersma, K. F.
Brioude, J.
Burrows, J. P.
de Gouw, J.
Fried, A.
Gleason, J.
Hilboll, A.
Mellqvist, J.
Peischl, J.
Richter, D.
Rivera, C.
Ryerson, T.
Hekkert, S. Te Lintel
Walega, J.
Warneke, C.
Weibring, P.
Williams, E.
TI Evaluations of NOx and highly reactive VOC emission inventories in Texas
and their implications for ozone plume simulations during the Texas Air
Quality Study 2006
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPOSPHERIC NO2; MONITORING INSTRUMENT; INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS; FIELD
CAMPAIGN; WRF MODEL; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; COLUMN RETRIEVAL; HOUSTON;
AEROSOL; ENSEMBLE
AB Satellite and aircraft observations made during the 2006 Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS) detected strong urban, industrial and power plant plumes in Texas. We simulated these plumes using the Weather Research and Forecasting-Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model with input from the US EPA's 2005 National Emission Inventory (NEI-2005), in order to evaluate emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the cities of Houston and Dallas-FortWorth. We compared the model results with satellite retrievals of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) columns and airborne in-situ observations of several trace gases including NOx and a number of VOCs. The model and satellite NO2 columns agree well for regions with large power plants and for urban areas that are dominated by mobile sources, such as Dallas. How-ever, in Houston, where significant mobile, industrial, and inport marine vessel sources contribute to NOx emissions, the model NO2 columns are approximately 50 %-70 % higher than the satellite columns. Similar conclusions are drawn from comparisons of the model results with the TexAQS 2006 aircraft observations in Dallas and Houston. For Dallas plumes, the model-simulated NO2 showed good agreement with the aircraft observations. In contrast, the model-simulated NO2 is similar to 60 % higher than the aircraft observations in the Houston plumes. Further analysis indicates that the NEI-2005 NOx emissions over the Houston Ship Channel area are overestimated while the urban Houston NOx emissions are reasonably represented. The comparisons of model and aircraft observations confirm that highly reactive VOC emissions originating from industrial sources in Houston are underestimated in NEI-2005. The update of VOC emissions based on Solar Occultation Flux measurements during the field campaign leads to improved model simulations of ethylene, propylene, and formaldehyde. Reducing NOx emissions in the Houston Ship Channel and increasing highly reactive VOC emissions from the point sources in Houston improve the model's capability of simulating ozone (O-3) plumes observed by the NOAA WP-3D aircraft, although the deficiencies in the model O-3 simulations indicate that many challenges remain for a full understanding of the O-3 formation mechanisms in Houston.
C1 [Kim, S-W; McKeen, S. A.; Frost, G. J.; Lee, S-H; Angevine, W. M.; Bianco, L.; Brioude, J.; de Gouw, J.; Peischl, J.; Warneke, C.; Williams, E.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Kim, S-W; McKeen, S. A.; Frost, G. J.; Lee, S-H; Trainer, M.; Angevine, W. M.; Bianco, L.; Brioude, J.; de Gouw, J.; Peischl, J.; Ryerson, T.; Warneke, C.; Williams, E.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Richter, A.; Burrows, J. P.; Hilboll, A.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, Bremen, Germany.
[Atlas, E.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Atmospher & Marine Chem, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Boersma, K. F.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands.
[Boersma, K. F.] Eindhoven Univ Technol, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands.
[Burrows, J. P.] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Wallingford OX10 8BB, Oxon, England.
[Fried, A.; Richter, D.; Walega, J.; Weibring, P.] NCAR, Earth Observing Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Gleason, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Atmosphere, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Mellqvist, J.; Rivera, C.] Chalmers, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
[Hekkert, S. Te Lintel] Sensor Sense, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
RP Kim, SW (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM siwan.kim@noaa.gov
RI Kim, Si-Wan/I-3979-2013; Hilboll, Andreas/A-6612-2011; Richter,
Andreas/C-4971-2008; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; de Gouw,
Joost/A-9675-2008; Rivera, Claudia/L-4669-2016; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015; Burrows, John/B-6199-2014; Angevine,
Wayne/H-9849-2013; Williams, Eric/F-1184-2010; Rivera,
Claudia/B-5605-2012; Gleason, James/E-1421-2012; Brioude,
Jerome/E-4629-2011; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Warneke,
Carsten/E-7174-2010; Boersma, Klaas/H-4559-2012; Frost,
Gregory/I-1958-2013; Lee, Sang-Hyun/B-5974-2013; Trainer,
Michael/H-5168-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; McKeen,
Stuart/H-9516-2013
OI Kim, Si-Wan/0000-0002-7889-189X; Hilboll, Andreas/0000-0002-1038-6248;
Richter, Andreas/0000-0003-3339-212X; de Gouw,
Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Burrows, John/0000-0002-6821-5580; Angevine,
Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116; Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Boersma,
Klaas/0000-0002-4591-7635;
FU NOAA; NOAA through the NOAA Office of Atmospheric Research; University
of Bremen; European Union
FX The authors would like to thank Bryan Lambeth from the Texas Commission
on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) for providing the surface observation
data and the La Porte wind profiler data. The authors thank Jim Corbett
and Jordan Silberman for assistance with the ship emission analysis. The
authors would like to thank TCEQ for support of the evaluation of the
emission inventory using satellite observations. NOAA Health of
Atmosphere Program supports this study. This work is partially funded by
the NOAA United States Weather Research Program through the NOAA Office
of Atmospheric Research. Some of the satellite retrievals used in this
study were funded by the University of Bremen and the European Union
through the ACCENT project. The Dutch-Finnish built OMI is part of the
NASA EOS Aura satellite payload. The OMI project is managed by NIVR and
KNMI in the Netherlands.
NR 72
TC 41
Z9 41
U1 7
U2 51
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 22
BP 11361
EP 11386
DI 10.5194/acp-11-11361-2011
PG 26
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 863AC
UT WOS:000298134200003
ER
PT J
AU Axson, JL
Washenfelder, RA
Kahan, TF
Young, CJ
Vaida, V
Brown, SS
AF Axson, J. L.
Washenfelder, R. A.
Kahan, T. F.
Young, C. J.
Vaida, V.
Brown, S. S.
TI Absolute ozone absorption cross section in the Huggins Chappuis minimum
(350-470 nm) at 296 K
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY;
NEAR-ULTRAVIOLET; ICE SURFACES; CAVITY RING; COMPLEXES; SPECTRA; REGION;
DIMER
AB We report the ozone absolute absorption cross section between 350-470 nm, the minimum between the Huggins and Chappuis bands, where the ozone cross section is less than 10(-22) cm(2). Ozone spectra were acquired using an incoherent broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectrometer, with three channels centered at 365, 405, and 455 nm. The accuracy of the measured cross section is 4-30 %, with the greatest uncertainty near the minimum absorption at 375-390 nm. Previous measurements vary by more than an order of magnitude in this spectral region. The measurements reported here provide much greater spectral coverage than the most recent measurements. The effect of O-3 concentration and water vapor partial pressure were investigated, however there were no observable changes in the absorption spectrum most likely due to the low optical density of the complex.
C1 [Washenfelder, R. A.; Young, C. J.; Brown, S. S.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Axson, J. L.; Kahan, T. F.; Vaida, V.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Axson, J. L.; Washenfelder, R. A.; Young, C. J.; Vaida, V.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Brown, SS (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Chem Sci Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM steven.s.brown@noaa.gov
RI Young, Cora/A-4551-2010; Kahan, Tara/D-3958-2012; Washenfelder,
Rebecca/E-7169-2010; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Vaida,
Veronica/N-6069-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Young, Cora/0000-0002-6908-5829; Washenfelder,
Rebecca/0000-0002-8106-3702; Vaida, Veronica/0000-0001-5863-8056;
FU CIRES; NASA; NSF [CHE 1011770]; NSERC
FX We thank Rich McLaughlin for machining custom mirror mounts for the
IBBCEAS instrument. We thank Steve Ciciora for designing custom DC power
supplies and amplifiers. All authors acknowledge funding from CIRES
Innovative Research Program. JLA acknowledges support from the NASA
Earth and Space Science Fellowship. VV acknowledges funding from NSF CHE
1011770. CJY and TFK thank NSERC for PDF scholarships.
NR 55
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 3
U2 28
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 22
BP 11581
EP 11590
DI 10.5194/acp-11-11581-2011
PG 10
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 863AC
UT WOS:000298134200018
ER
PT J
AU Colette, A
Granier, C
Hodnebrog, O
Jakobs, H
Maurizi, A
Nyiri, A
Bessagnet, B
D'Angiola, A
D'Isidoro, M
Gauss, M
Meleux, F
Memmesheimer, M
Mieville, A
Rouil, L
Russo, F
Solberg, S
Stordal, F
Tampieri, F
AF Colette, A.
Granier, C.
Hodnebrog, O.
Jakobs, H.
Maurizi, A.
Nyiri, A.
Bessagnet, B.
D'Angiola, A.
D'Isidoro, M.
Gauss, M.
Meleux, F.
Memmesheimer, M.
Mieville, A.
Rouil, L.
Russo, F.
Solberg, S.
Stordal, F.
Tampieri, F.
TI Air quality trends in Europe over the past decade: a first multi- model
assessment
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID NOX EMISSIONS; OZONE CONCENTRATIONS; SULFUR EMISSIONS; AEROSOLS;
TROPOSPHERE; RESOLUTION; CHEMISTRY; MECHANISM; ISOPRENE; SYSTEM
AB We discuss the capability of current state-of-the-art chemistry and transport models to reproduce air quality trends and interannual variability. Documenting these strengths and weaknesses on the basis of historical simulations is essential before the models are used to investigate future air quality projections. To achieve this, a coordinated modelling exercise was performed in the framework of the CityZEN European Project. It involved six regional and global chemistry-transport models (BOLCHEM, CHIMERE, EMEP, EURAD, OSLOCTM2 and MOZART) simulating air quality over the past decade in the Western European anthropogenic emissions hotspots.
Comparisons between models and observations allow assessing the skills of the models to capture the trends in basic atmospheric constituents (NO2, O-3, and PM10). We find that the trends of primary constituents are well reproduced (except in some countries - owing to their sensitivity to the emission inventory) although capturing the more moderate trends of secondary species such as O-3 is more challenging. Apart from the long term trend, the modelled monthly variability is consistent with the observations but the year-to-year variability is generally underestimated.
A comparison of simulations where anthropogenic emissions are kept constant is also investigated. We find that the magnitude of the emission-driven trend exceeds the natural variability for primary compounds. We can thus conclude that emission management strategies have had a significant impact over the past 10 yr, hence supporting further emission reductions.
C1 [Colette, A.; Bessagnet, B.; Meleux, F.; Rouil, L.] Inst Natl Environm Ind & Risques INERIS, Verneuil En Halatte, France.
[Granier, C.; D'Angiola, A.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, INSU, LATMOS IPSL, Paris, France.
[Granier, C.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Granier, C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Granier, C.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany.
[Hodnebrog, O.; Stordal, F.] Univ Oslo UiO, Oslo, Norway.
[Jakobs, H.; Memmesheimer, M.] Univ Cologne, Rhenish Inst Environm Res, FRIUUK, D-50931 Cologne, Germany.
[Maurizi, A.; D'Isidoro, M.; Russo, F.; Tampieri, F.] CNR, Inst Atmospher Sci & Climate, Bologna, Italy.
[Gauss, M.] Meteorol Inst Met No, Oslo, Norway.
[Mieville, A.] Lab Aerol, Toulouse, France.
[Solberg, S.] Norsk Inst Luftforskning NILU, Oslo, Norway.
RP Colette, A (reprint author), Inst Natl Environm Ind & Risques INERIS, Verneuil En Halatte, France.
EM augustin.colette@ineris.fr
RI Meleux, Fred/C-2834-2012; Granier, Claire/D-5360-2013; Hodnebrog,
Oivind/F-5539-2015; Bessagnet, Bertrand/O-2969-2016; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015; maurizi, alberto/D-5031-2017;
OI Granier, Claire/0000-0001-7344-7995; Hodnebrog,
Oivind/0000-0001-5233-8992; Bessagnet, Bertrand/0000-0003-2062-4681;
maurizi, alberto/0000-0003-4563-9636; Stordal, Frode/0000-0002-5190-6473
FU European Union [212095]; EMEP [218793]
FX The research leading to these results has received funding from the
European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant
agreement no. 212095 (CityZen). Anthropogenic emissions were provided by
EMEP and complemented for global models in the framework of the MACC FP7
Project (grant agreement no. 218793). Surface observations were obtained
through the AIRBASE (EEA) and EBAS (NILU) repositories. Large scale
reanalyses used to drive the mesoscale meteorological models were
provided by ECMWF and NCEP/NCAR.
NR 82
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Z9 60
U1 4
U2 42
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 22
BP 11657
EP 11678
DI 10.5194/acp-11-11657-2011
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 863AC
UT WOS:000298134200023
ER
PT J
AU Moore, RH
Bahreini, R
Brock, CA
Froyd, KD
Cozic, J
Holloway, JS
Middlebrook, AM
Murphy, DM
Nenes, A
AF Moore, R. H.
Bahreini, R.
Brock, C. A.
Froyd, K. D.
Cozic, J.
Holloway, J. S.
Middlebrook, A. M.
Murphy, D. M.
Nenes, A.
TI Hygroscopicity and composition of Alaskan Arctic CCN during April 2008
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETER; PARTICLE-SIZE
DISTRIBUTION; SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; DROPLET GROWTH-KINETICS;
CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; HIGH-RESOLUTION; AIR-POLLUTION; HAZE;
DISTRIBUTIONS
AB We present a comprehensive characterization of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) sampled in the Alaskan Arctic during the 2008 Aerosol, Radiation, and Cloud Processes affecting Arctic Climate (ARCPAC) project, a component of the POLARCAT and International Polar Year (IPY) initiatives. Four distinct air mass types were sampled including a cleaner Arctic background and a relatively pristine sea ice boundary layer as well as biomass burning and anthropogenic pollution plumes. Despite differences in chemical composition, inferred aerosol hygroscopicities were fairly invariant and ranged from kappa = 0.1-0.3 over the atmospherically-relevant range of water vapor supersaturations studied. Organic aerosols sampled were found to be well-oxygenated, consistent with long-range transport and aerosol aging processes. However, inferred hygroscopicities are less than would be predicted based on previous parameterizations of biogenic oxygenated organic aerosol, suggesting an upper limit on organic aerosol hygroscopicity above which kappa is less sensitive to the O:C ratio. Most Arctic aerosols act as CCN above 0.1% supersaturation, although the data suggest the presence of an externally-mixed, non-CCN-active mode comprising approximately 0-20% of the aerosol number. CCN closure was assessed using measured size distributions, bulk chemical composition, and assumed aerosol mixing states; CCN predictions tended toward overprediction, with the best agreement (+/- 0-20 %) obtained by assuming the aerosol to be externally-mixed with soluble organics. Closure also varied with CCN concentration, and the best agreement was found for CCN concentrations above 100 cm(-3) with a 1.5- to 3-fold overprediction at lower concentrations.
C1 [Moore, R. H.; Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Bahreini, R.; Brock, C. A.; Froyd, K. D.; Cozic, J.; Holloway, J. S.; Middlebrook, A. M.; Murphy, D. M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Bahreini, R.; Froyd, K. D.; Cozic, J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
RP Nenes, A (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
EM athanasios.nenes@gatech.edu
RI Moore, Richard/E-9653-2010; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Murphy,
Daniel/J-4357-2012; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Brock,
Charles/G-3406-2011; Froyd, Karl/H-6607-2013; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Murphy,
Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Brock,
Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668;
FU NOAA; NASA; NSF; DOE; Swiss National Science Foundation [PBBE22-119260]
FX A. Nenes acknowledges support from NOAA, NASA, and an NSF CAREER award.
R. Moore acknowledges support from DOE Global Change Education Program
and NASA Earth and Space Science Graduate Research Fellowships. J. Cozic
acknowledges support from the Swiss National Science Foundation under
award PBBE22-119260. The ARCPAC project was supported by NOAA's Climate
Change and Air Quality Programs.
NR 85
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Z9 31
U1 6
U2 29
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 22
BP 11807
EP 11825
DI 10.5194/acp-11-11807-2011
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 863AC
UT WOS:000298134200033
ER
PT J
AU de Boer, G
Collins, WD
Menon, S
Long, CN
AF de Boer, G.
Collins, W. D.
Menon, S.
Long, C. N.
TI Using surface remote sensors to derive radiative characteristics of
Mixed-Phase Clouds: an example from M-PACE
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ARCTIC-OCEAN; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ANNUAL CYCLE; HEAT-BUDGET; CLIMATE;
SHEBA; FLUXES; RADAR; WATER
AB Measurements from ground-based cloud radar, high spectral resolution lidar and microwave radiometer are used in conjunction with a column version of the Rapid Radiative Transfer Model (RRTMG) and radiosonde measurements to derive the surface radiative properties under mixed-phase cloud conditions. These clouds were observed during the United States Department of Energy (US DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Mixed-Phase Arctic Clouds Experiment (M-PACE) between September and November of 2004. In total, sixteen half hour time periods are reviewed due to their coincidence with radiosonde launches. Cloud liquid (ice) water paths are found to range between 11.0-366.4 (0.5-114.1) gm(-2), and cloud physical thicknesses fall between 286-2075 m. Combined with temperature and hydrometeor size estimates, this information is used to calculate surface radiative flux densities using RRTMG, which are demonstrated to generally agree with measured flux densities from surface-based radiometric instrumentation. Errors in longwave flux density estimates are found to be largest for thin clouds, while shortwave flux density errors are generally largest for thicker clouds. A sensitivity study is performed to understand the impact of retrieval assumptions and uncertainties on derived surface radiation estimates. Cloud radiative forcing is calculated for all profiles, illustrating longwave dominance during this time of year, with net cloud forcing generally between 50 and 90 Wm(-2).
C1 [de Boer, G.; Collins, W. D.; Menon, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[de Boer, G.] Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
[de Boer, G.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
[Long, C. N.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
RP de Boer, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM gdeboer@lbl.gov
RI de Boer, Gijs/F-3949-2011; Collins, William/J-3147-2014
OI de Boer, Gijs/0000-0003-4652-7150; Collins, William/0000-0002-4463-9848
FU Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research of
the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Office of Biological
and Environmental Research (OBER) of the U.S. Department of Energy
(DOE); DOE [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; U.S. Department of Commerce
[NA17RJ1229]
FX LBNL research was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office
of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of
Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 as part of their Climate and
Earth System Modeling Program. Long is supported by the Office of
Biological and Environmental Research (OBER) of the U.S. Department of
Energy (DOE) as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM), and
Atmospheric Systems Research (ASR) Programs. The Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory (PNNL) is operated by Battelle for the DOE under
contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. LBNL is managed by the University of
California under U.S. DOE grant DE-AC02-05CH11231. The authors would
like to thank Michael Iacono and the Atmospheric and Environmental
Research (AER) team for their help in setting up RRTMG. In addition, we
would like to thank the University of Wisconsin Lidar Group for making
data from the M-PACE period available for evaluation via their website
at http://lidar.ssec.wisc.edu, and the M-PACE crew for their hard work
in compiling the datasets used. Funding for M-PACE was provided by the
United States Department of Energy. This work was prepared in part at
the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES)
with support in part from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, under cooperative agreement
NA17RJ1229 and other grants. The statements, findings, conclusions, and
recommendations are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect
the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or the
Department of Commerce. Computing resources were provided by NASA and
the US Department of Energy. The authors wish to recognize the efforts
that went into collection and construction of the various datasets used
in the present study.
NR 35
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U1 1
U2 9
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 23
BP 11937
EP 11949
DI 10.5194/acp-11-11937-2011
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 863AD
UT WOS:000298134300002
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, H
Lyapustin, A
Wang, Y
Kondragunta, S
Laszlo, I
Ciren, P
Hoff, RM
AF Zhang, H.
Lyapustin, A.
Wang, Y.
Kondragunta, S.
Laszlo, I.
Ciren, P.
Hoff, R. M.
TI A multi-angle aerosol optical depth retrieval algorithm for
geostationary satellite data over the United States
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; PROMISED LAND; CLIMATE; SURFACE; SPACE;
REFLECTANCE; ABSORPTION; RADIANCES; CONNECT; IMAGER
AB Aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrievals from geostationary satellites have high temporal resolution compared to the polar orbiting satellites and thus enable us to monitor aerosol motion. However, current Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) have only one visible channel for retrieving aerosols and hence the retrieval accuracy is lower than those from the multichannel polar-orbiting satellite instruments such as the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The operational GOES AOD retrieval algorithm (GOES Aerosol/Smoke Product, GASP) uses 28-day composite images from the visible channel to derive surface reflectance, which can produce large uncertainties. In this work, we develop a new AOD retrieval algorithm for the GOES imager by applying a modified Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) algorithm. The algorithm assumes the surface Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) in the channel 1 of GOES is proportional to seasonal average MODIS BRDF in the 2.1 mu m channel. The ratios between them are derived through time series analysis of the GOES visible channel images. The results of AOD and surface reflectance retrievals are evaluated through comparisons against those from Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET), GASP, and MODIS. The AOD retrievals from the new algorithm demonstrate good agreement with AERONET retrievals at several sites across the US with correlation coefficients ranges from 0.71 to 0.85 at five out of six sites. At the two western sites Railroad Valley and UCSB, the MAIAC AOD retrievals have correlations of 0.8 and 0.85 with AERONET AOD, and are more accurate than GASP retrievals, which have correlations of 0.7 and 0.74 with AERONET AOD. At the three eastern sites, the correlations with AERONET AOD are from 0.71 to 0.81, comparable to the GASP retrievals. In the western US where surface reflectance is higher than 0.15, the new algorithm also produces larger AOD retrieval coverage than both GASP and MODIS.
C1 [Zhang, H.; Hoff, R. M.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, JCET, Catonsville, MD 21228 USA.
[Lyapustin, A.; Wang, Y.; Hoff, R. M.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, GEST, Catonsville, MD 21228 USA.
[Kondragunta, S.; Laszlo, I.] NOAA NESDIS STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Ciren, P.] PSGS Dell, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
RP Zhang, H (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, JCET, Suite 320,5523 Res Pk Dr, Catonsville, MD 21228 USA.
EM hazhang@umbc.edu
RI Ciren, Pubu/E-6542-2011; Hoff, Raymond/C-6747-2012; Zhang,
Hai/A-3445-2011; Laszlo, Istvan/F-5603-2010; Kondragunta,
Shobha/F-5601-2010; Lyapustin, Alexei/H-9924-2014
OI Laszlo, Istvan/0000-0002-5747-9708; Kondragunta,
Shobha/0000-0001-8593-8046; Lyapustin, Alexei/0000-0003-1105-5739
FU NOAA GOES-R [NA08NES4280023, NA09NES4400010, NA10NES4280014]
FX This work is supported by the NOAA GOES-R risk reduction program grant
NA08NES4280023, NA09NES4400010, and NA10NES4280014.
NR 47
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 13
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 23
BP 11977
EP 11991
DI 10.5194/acp-11-11977-2011
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 863AD
UT WOS:000298134300004
ER
PT J
AU Cerully, KM
Raatikainen, T
Lance, S
Tkacik, D
Tiitta, P
Petaja, T
Ehn, M
Kulmala, M
Worsnop, DR
Laaksonen, A
Smith, JN
Nenes, A
AF Cerully, K. M.
Raatikainen, T.
Lance, S.
Tkacik, D.
Tiitta, P.
Petaja, T.
Ehn, M.
Kulmala, M.
Worsnop, D. R.
Laaksonen, A.
Smith, J. N.
Nenes, A.
TI Aerosol hygroscopicity and CCN activation kinetics in a boreal forest
environment during the 2007 EUCAARI campaign
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; DROPLET GROWTH-KINETICS; SIZE-RESOLVED
MEASUREMENTS; SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; MASS-SPECTROMETER;
SULFURIC-ACID; SINGLE-COMPONENT; PARTICLE GROWTH; DISTRIBUTIONS;
NUCLEATION
AB Measurements of size-resolved cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations, subsaturated hygroscopic growth, size distribution, and chemical composition were collected from March through May, 2007, in the remote Boreal forests of Hyytiala, Finland, as part of the European Integrated project on Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality Interactions (EUCAARI) campaign. Hygroscopicity parameter, kappa, distributions were derived independently from Continuous Flow-Streamwise Thermal Gradient CCN Chamber (CFSTGC) and Hygroscopicity Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer (HTDMA) measurements. CFSTGC-derived kappa values for 40, 60, and 80 nm particles range mostly between 0.10 and 0.40 with an average characteristic of highly oxidized organics of 0.20 +/- 0.10, indicating that organics play a dominant role for this environment. HTDMA-derived kappa were generally 30% lower. Diurnal trends of kappa show a minimum at sunrise and a maximum in the late afternoon; this trend covaries with inorganic mass fraction and the m/z 44 organic mass fraction given by a quadrupole aerosol mass spectrometer, further illustrating the importance of organics in aerosol hygroscopicity. The chemical dispersion inferred from the observed kappa distributions indicates that while 60 and 80 nm dispersion increases around midday, 40 nm dispersion remains constant. Additionally, 80 nm particles show a markedly higher level of chemical dispersion than both 40 and 60 nm particles. An analysis of droplet activation kinetics for the sizes considered indicates that most of the CCN activate as rapidly as (NH4)(2)SO4 calibration aerosol.
C1 [Cerully, K. M.; Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Raatikainen, T.; Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Raatikainen, T.; Worsnop, D. R.; Laaksonen, A.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland.
[Lance, S.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Lance, S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Tkacik, D.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Atmospher Particle Studies, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
[Tiitta, P.; Worsnop, D. R.; Laaksonen, A.; Smith, J. N.] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Appl Phys, Kuopio, Finland.
[Tiitta, P.] North West Univ, Atmospher Chem Res Grp, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
[Petaja, T.; Ehn, M.; Kulmala, M.; Worsnop, D. R.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki, Finland.
[Worsnop, D. R.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA.
[Nenes, A.] Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Inst Chem Engn & High Temp Chem Proc, Patras, Greece.
RP Nenes, A (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
EM athanasios.nenes@gatech.edu
RI Tkacik, Daniel/G-5630-2011; Petaja, Tuukka/A-8009-2008; Raatikainen,
Tomi/C-5410-2014; Kulmala, Markku/I-7671-2016; Ehn, Mikael/N-2571-2016;
Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Worsnop, Douglas/D-2817-2009;
Lance, Sara/A-4834-2011; Smith, James/C-5614-2008; Laaksonen,
Ari/B-5094-2011
OI Petaja, Tuukka/0000-0002-1881-9044; Kulmala, Markku/0000-0003-3464-7825;
Ehn, Mikael/0000-0002-0215-4893; Worsnop, Douglas/0000-0002-8928-8017;
Smith, James/0000-0003-4677-8224; Laaksonen, Ari/0000-0002-1657-2383
FU NSF; NCAR-ASP; Finnish Cultural Foundation; Academy of Finland [1118615,
139656]; EU [227463, 036833-2]; Nessling Foundation [2010143]
FX We acknowledge Jack Lin and Pulin Patel for assistance in some
intermediate data processing as well as all those involved in the
EUCAARI campaign and SMEAR II site. Support for this research was
provided by NSF CAREER and NCAR-ASP grants as well as the Finnish
Cultural Foundation. Additionally, the financial support by the Academy
of Finland Centre of Excellence program (project no 1118615), EU project
FP7-ATMNUCLE project No. 227463 (ERC Advanced Grant), and EU-project
EUCAARI (European Integrated project on Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air
Quality interactions, project no 036833-2) is gratefully acknowledged.
T. Petaja acknowledges funding from the Nessling Foundation (2010143)
and Academy of Finland (139656).
NR 85
TC 40
Z9 40
U1 0
U2 25
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 23
BP 12369
EP 12386
DI 10.5194/acp-11-12369-2011
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 863AD
UT WOS:000298134300028
ER
PT J
AU Banta, RM
Senff, CJ
Alvarez, RJ
Langford, AO
Parrish, DD
Trainer, MK
Darby, LS
Hardesty, RM
Lambeth, B
Neuman, JA
Angevine, WM
Nielsen-Gammon, J
Sandberg, SP
White, AB
AF Banta, Robert M.
Senff, Christoph J.
Alvarez, Raul J.
Langford, Andrew O.
Parrish, David D.
Trainer, Michael K.
Darby, Lisa S.
Hardesty, R. Michael
Lambeth, Bryan
Neuman, J. Andrew
Angevine, Wayne M.
Nielsen-Gammon, John
Sandberg, Scott P.
White, Allen B.
TI Dependence of daily peak O-3 concentrations near Houston, Texas on
environmental factors: Wind speed, temperature, and boundary-layer depth
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Ozone; Air pollution; Sea breeze; Houston; Texas; Lidar;
Differential-absorption lidar; DIAL
ID 1995 SOUTHERN OXIDANTS; AIRBORNE LIDAR; OZONE FORMATION; IMPACT; URBAN;
MODEL
AB Airborne and surface measurements of ozone (03) during the Texas Air Quality Study campaigns in 2000 and 2006 (TexAQS 2000 and TexAQS 2006) were used to investigate the relationship between maximum daily O-3 and the vector-averaged wind speed < U >, calculated from radar wind profiler data, in the lower atmospheric boundary layer (BL). Both the maximum daily O-3 and the peak "add-on" O-3 contribution (calculated as the maximum minus the background values) from the Houston area showed a strong correlation (r similar to 0.7-0.9) with both the reciprocal of this wind speed < U >(-1), and the wind speed < U > itself. Data from airborne platforms produced higher correlations in general than surface-measured values. Except for special cases where O-3 was measured close to source activity in a location where the BL depth h was suppressed, peak daily ozone concentrations were not strongly correlated with h, and attempts to include 1/h dependence with < U >(-1) degraded the correlations indicating that in general, h was not a strong predictor for maximum daily O-3. Inclusion of daily maximum temperature in the regression analysis also failed to improve the correlations significantly. The high correlations for wind speed thus showed that < U > was the meteorological variable most strongly associated with peak daily O-3 concentrations. The best-fit regression line of peak daily O-3 vs. < U > for the 2000 data lay above the line for 2006 for wind speeds less than 5 m s(-1), the difference increasing as the wind speeds weakened. This six-year decrease in O-3 concentrations for the weakest-wind, most polluted days suggests that control strategies implemented between 2000 and 2006 may be producing beneficial effects, especially on the most polluted days. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Banta, Robert M.; Senff, Christoph J.; Alvarez, Raul J.; Langford, Andrew O.; Parrish, David D.; Trainer, Michael K.; Darby, Lisa S.; Hardesty, R. Michael; Neuman, J. Andrew; Angevine, Wayne M.; Sandberg, Scott P.; White, Allen B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Senff, Christoph J.; Trainer, Michael K.; Neuman, J. Andrew; Angevine, Wayne M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Lambeth, Bryan] Texas Commiss Environm Qual, Austin, TX USA.
[Nielsen-Gammon, John] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX USA.
RP Banta, RM (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM robert.banta@noaa.gov
RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Nielsen-Gammon, John/G-9771-2012;
Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Hardesty,
Robert/H-9844-2013; Angevine, Wayne/H-9849-2013; Senff,
Christoph/I-2592-2013; Darby, Lisa/A-8037-2009; Langford,
Andrew/D-2323-2009; Sandberg, Scott/I-4875-2013; Alvarez,
Raul/I-4879-2013; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Banta, Robert/B-8361-2008
OI Nielsen-Gammon, John/0000-0001-5336-2409; Parrish,
David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Angevine, Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116; Darby,
Lisa/0000-0003-1271-0643; Langford, Andrew/0000-0002-2932-7061; Neuman,
Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727;
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Texas Commission
on Environmental Quality (TCEQ)
FX The Air Quality Program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) and the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
(TCEQ) supported this research. We acknowledge Tom Ryerson of NOAA/ESRL
and Pete Breitenbach of TCEQ for many helpful discussions.
NR 52
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U1 0
U2 26
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1352-2310
EI 1873-2844
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 45
IS 1
BP 162
EP 173
DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.09.030
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 699PP
UT WOS:000285675600017
ER
PT J
AU Muller, T
Henzing, JS
de Leeuw, G
Wiedensohler, A
Alastuey, A
Angelov, H
Bizjak, M
Coen, MC
Engstrom, JE
Gruening, C
Hillamo, R
Hoffer, A
Imre, K
Ivanow, P
Jennings, G
Sun, JY
Kalivitis, N
Karlsson, H
Komppula, M
Laj, P
Li, SM
Lunder, C
Marinoni, A
dos Santos, SM
Moerman, M
Nowak, A
Ogren, JA
Petzold, A
Pichon, JM
Rodriquez, S
Sharma, S
Sheridan, PJ
Teinila, K
Tuch, T
Viana, M
Virkkula, A
Weingartner, E
Wilhelm, R
Wang, YQ
AF Mueller, T.
Henzing, J. S.
de Leeuw, G.
Wiedensohler, A.
Alastuey, A.
Angelov, H.
Bizjak, M.
Coen, M. Collaud
Engstrom, J. E.
Gruening, C.
Hillamo, R.
Hoffer, A.
Imre, K.
Ivanow, P.
Jennings, G.
Sun, J. Y.
Kalivitis, N.
Karlsson, H.
Komppula, M.
Laj, P.
Li, S-M.
Lunder, C.
Marinoni, A.
dos Santos, S. Martins
Moerman, M.
Nowak, A.
Ogren, J. A.
Petzold, A.
Pichon, J. M.
Rodriquez, S.
Sharma, S.
Sheridan, P. J.
Teinila, K.
Tuch, T.
Viana, M.
Virkkula, A.
Weingartner, E.
Wilhelm, R.
Wang, Y. Q.
TI Characterization and intercomparison of aerosol absorption photometers:
result of two intercomparison workshops
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID FILTER-BASED MEASUREMENTS; ATTENUATION CROSS-SECTION; VISIBLE-LIGHT
ABSORPTION; BLACK CARBON CONTENT; INTEGRATING NEPHELOMETERS; AMBIENT
MEASUREMENTS; SOOT PARTICLES; AETHALOMETER; CALIBRATION; SIZE
AB Absorption photometers for real time application have been available since the 1980s, but the use of filter-based instruments to derive information on aerosol properties (absorption coefficient and black carbon, BC) is still a matter of debate. Several workshops have been conducted to investigate the performance of individual instruments over the intervening years. Two workshops with large sets of aerosol absorption photometers were conducted in 2005 and 2007. The data from these instruments were corrected using existing methods before further analysis. The inter-comparison shows a large variation between the responses to absorbing aerosol particles for different types of instruments. The unit to unit variability between instruments can be up to 30% for Particle Soot Absorption Photometers (PSAPs) and Aethalometers. Multi Angle Absorption Photometers (MAAPs) showed a variability of less than 5%. Reasons for the high variability were identified to be variations in sample flow and spot size. It was observed that different flow rates influence system performance with respect to response to absorption and instrumental noise. Measurements with non absorbing particles showed that the current corrections of a cross sensitivity to particle scattering are not sufficient. Remaining cross sensitivities were found to be a function of the total particle load on the filter. The large variation between the response to absorbing aerosol particles for different types of instruments indicates that current correction functions for absorption photometers are not adequate.
C1 [Mueller, T.; Wiedensohler, A.; Nowak, A.; Tuch, T.] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Leipzig, Germany.
[Henzing, J. S.; de Leeuw, G.; Moerman, M.] Netherlands Org Appl Sci Res, TNO, NL-80015 Utrecht, Netherlands.
[de Leeuw, G.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Climate Change Unit, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland.
[Komppula, M.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Kuopio Unit, Kuopio, Finland.
[de Leeuw, G.; Virkkula, A.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki, Finland.
[Alastuey, A.; Viana, M.] Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res, Barcelona, Spain.
[Angelov, H.; Ivanow, P.] Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res & Nucl Energy, Sofia, Bulgaria.
[Bizjak, M.] Univ Ljubljana, Fac Hlth Sci, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
[Coen, M. Collaud] MeteoSwiss, Aerol Stn, CH-1530 Payerne, Switzerland.
[Engstrom, J. E.] Univ Stockholm, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
[Gruening, C.; dos Santos, S. Martins] European Commiss DG Joint Res Ctr, IES CCU, Ispra, Italy.
[Hoffer, A.; Imre, K.] Univ Pannonia, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Pannonia, Hungary.
[Jennings, G.] Natl Univ Ireland, Sch Phys, Environm Change Inst, Galway, Ireland.
[Sun, J. Y.] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Key Lab Atmospher Chem, Ctr Atmosphere Watch & Serv, China Meteorol Adm, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
[Kalivitis, N.] Univ Crete, Environm Chem Proc Lab, Dept Chem, Iraklion, Greece.
[Karlsson, H.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Appl Environm Sci, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
[Laj, P.; Pichon, J. M.] Univ Clermont Ferrand, CNRS, LaMP, F-63177 Aubiere, France.
[Laj, P.] Univ Grenoble 1, Lab Glaciol & Geophys Environm, CNRS, F-38400 St Martin Dheres, France.
[Li, S-M.] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada.
[Sharma, S.] Environm Canada, Div Climate Res, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada.
[Lunder, C.] Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway.
[Marinoni, A.] Inst Atmospher Sci & Climate, I-40129 Bologna, Italy.
[Ogren, J. A.; Sheridan, P. J.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Petzold, A.] Inst Atmospher Phys, DLR, D-82234 Wessling, Germany.
[Rodriquez, S.] Izana Atmospher Res Ctr, AEMET, Associated Unit CSIC Studies Atmospher Pollut, E-38071 Santa Cruz De Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
[Rodriquez, S.] Univ Huelva, Associated Unit CSIC Air Pollut, Huelva 21071, Spain.
[Weingartner, E.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, Villigen, Switzerland.
[Wilhelm, R.] Meteorol Observ Hohenpeissenberg, German Weather Serv, D-82383 Hohenpeissenberg, Germany.
RP Muller, T (reprint author), Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Leipzig, Germany.
EM muellert@tropos.de
RI Alastuey, Andres/E-1706-2014; Viana, Mar/L-5600-2014; Mueller,
Thomas/E-5426-2015; Weingartner, Ernest/B-6793-2009; Collaud Coen,
Martine/I-5607-2012; Petzold, Andreas/J-2347-2012; Wiedensohler,
Alfred/D-1223-2013; Ogren, John/M-8255-2015; Rodriguez,
Sergio/J-5365-2015; Nowak, Andreas/B-6413-2014; Virkkula,
Aki/B-8575-2014
OI Gruening, Carsten/0000-0002-6169-2827; Alastuey,
Andres/0000-0002-5453-5495; Viana, Mar/0000-0002-4073-3802; Weingartner,
Ernest/0000-0002-2427-4634; Petzold, Andreas/0000-0002-2504-1680; Ogren,
John/0000-0002-7895-9583; Rodriguez, Sergio/0000-0002-1727-3107;
FU EU [FP6-026140, GOCE-CT-2004-505337]; WMO GAW (Global Atmosphere Watch)
FX The work described in this paper was supported by the EU FP6 Integrated
Infrastructures Initiatives (I3) project EUSAAR (European Supersites for
Atmospheric Aerosol Research, project FP6-026140), with the EU FP6
Network of Excellence ACCENT (Atmospheric Composition Change: a European
Network, project GOCE-CT-2004-505337) and the WMO GAW (Global Atmosphere
Watch) program.
NR 50
TC 89
Z9 91
U1 4
U2 38
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2011
VL 4
IS 2
BP 245
EP 268
DI 10.5194/amt-4-245-2011
PG 24
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 727JZ
UT WOS:000287796100008
ER
PT J
AU Thornberry, T
Gierczak, T
Gao, RS
Vomel, H
Watts, LA
Burkholder, JB
Fahey, DW
AF Thornberry, T.
Gierczak, T.
Gao, R. S.
Voemel, H.
Watts, L. A.
Burkholder, J. B.
Fahey, D. W.
TI Laboratory evaluation of the effect of nitric acid uptake on frost point
hygrometer performance
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID STRATOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE;
REACTIVE NITROGEN; CIRRUS CLOUDS; ICE; PRESSURES; PARTICLES; INCREASES;
SURFACES
AB Chilled mirror hygrometers (CMH) are widely used to measure water vapour in the troposphere and lower stratosphere from balloon-borne sondes. Systematic discrepancies among in situ water vapour instruments have been observed at low water vapour mixing ratios (< 5 ppm) in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UT/LS). Understanding the source of the measurement discrepancies is important for a more accurate and reliable determination of water vapour abundance in this region. We have conducted a laboratory study to investigate the potential interference of gas-phase nitric acid (HNO(3)) with the measurement of frost point temperature, and consequently the water vapour mixing ratio, determined by CMH under conditions representative of operation in the UT/LS. No detectable interference in the measured frost point temperature was found for HNO(3) mixing ratios of up to 4 ppb for exposure times up to 150 min. HNO(3) was observed to co-condense on the mirror frost, with the adsorbed mass increasing linearly with time at constant exposure levels. Over the duration of a typical balloon sonde ascent (90-120 min), the maximum accumulated HNO(3) amounts were comparable to monolayer coverage of the geometric mirror surface area, which corresponds to only a small fraction of the actual frost layer surface area. This small amount of co-condensed HNO(3) is consistent with the observed lack of HNO(3) interference in the frost point measurement because the CMH utilizes significant reductions (> 10%) in surface reflectivity by the condensate to determine H(2)O.
C1 [Thornberry, T.; Gierczak, T.; Gao, R. S.; Watts, L. A.; Burkholder, J. B.; Fahey, D. W.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
[Thornberry, T.; Gierczak, T.; Watts, L. A.; Fahey, D. W.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Voemel, H.] Meteorol Observ Lindenberg, German Weather Serv, Lindenberg, Germany.
[Gierczak, T.] Univ Warsaw, Dept Chem, Warsaw, Poland.
RP Thornberry, T (reprint author), NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
EM troy.thornberry@noaa.gov
RI Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Thornberry, Troy/H-7106-2013; Gao,
Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Watts, Laurel/G-4532-2013; Fahey,
David/G-4499-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Watts, Laurel/0000-0002-0834-3329; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634;
FU NOAA Climate Program Office
FX This work was supported by funding from the NOAA Climate Program Office.
We would like to thank Christiane Voigt for valuable discussions and
suggestions.
NR 30
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Z9 7
U1 0
U2 7
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2011
VL 4
IS 2
BP 289
EP 296
DI 10.5194/amt-4-289-2011
PG 8
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 727JZ
UT WOS:000287796100010
ER
PT J
AU Roesch, A
Wild, M
Ohmura, A
Dutton, EG
Long, CN
Zhang, T
AF Roesch, A.
Wild, M.
Ohmura, A.
Dutton, E. G.
Long, C. N.
Zhang, T.
TI Assessment of BSRN radiation records for the computation of monthly
means
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID SOLAR-RADIATION; SURFACE; FLUXES; ATMOSPHERE; CLIMATE; MODELS; GCMS
AB The integrity of the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) radiation monthly averages are assessed by investigating the impact on monthly means due to the frequency of data gaps caused by missing or discarded high time resolution data. The monthly statistics, especially means, are considered to be important and useful values for climate research, model performance evaluations and for assessing the quality of satellite (time- and space-averaged) data products. The study investigates the spread in different algorithms that have been applied for the computation of monthly means from 1-min values.
The paper reveals that the computation of monthly means from 1-min observations distinctly depends on the method utilized to account for the missing data. The intra-method difference generally increases with an increasing fraction of missing data. We found that a substantial fraction of the radiation fluxes observed at BSRN sites is either missing or flagged as questionable. The percentage of missing data is 4.4%, 13.0%, and 6.5% for global radiation, direct shortwave radiation, and downwelling longwave radiation, respectively. Most flagged data in the shortwave are due to nighttime instrumental noise and can reasonably be set to zero after correcting for thermal offsets in the daytime data. The study demonstrates that the handling of flagged data clearly impacts on monthly mean estimates obtained with different methods. We showed that the spread of monthly shortwave fluxes is generally clearly higher than for downwelling longwave radiation.
Overall, BSRN observations provide sufficient accuracy and completeness for reliable estimates of monthly mean values. However, the value of future data could be further increased by reducing the frequency of data gaps and the number of outliers. It is shown that two independent methods for accounting for the diurnal and seasonal variations in the missing data permit consistent monthly means to within less than 1 W m(-2) in most cases. The authors suggest using a standardized method for the computation of monthly means which addresses diurnal variations in the missing data in order to avoid a mismatch of future published monthly mean radiation fluxes from BSRN.
The application of robust statistics would probably lead to less biased results for data records with frequent gaps and/or flagged data and outliers. The currently applied empirical methods should, therefore, be completed by the development of robust methods.
C1 [Roesch, A.; Wild, M.; Ohmura, A.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
[Dutton, E. G.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab GMD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Long, C. N.] Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA USA.
[Zhang, T.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
RP Roesch, A (reprint author), ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Univ Str 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
EM andreas.roesch@env.ethz.ch
RI Wild, Martin/J-8977-2012
FU Atsumu Ohmura from ETH Zurich
FX The research reported herein was sponsored in part by Atsumu Ohmura from
ETH Zurich. The contributions of data from all the various field sites
to the BSRN archive is greatly appreciated.
NR 21
TC 45
Z9 46
U1 0
U2 8
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2011
VL 4
IS 2
BP 339
EP 354
DI 10.5194/amt-4-339-2011
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 727JZ
UT WOS:000287796100013
ER
PT J
AU Smirnov, A
Holben, BN
Giles, DM
Slutsker, I
O'Neill, NT
Eck, TF
Macke, A
Croot, P
Courcoux, Y
Sakerin, SM
Smyth, TJ
Zielinski, T
Zibordi, G
Goes, JI
Harvey, MJ
Quinn, PK
Nelson, NB
Radionov, VF
Duarte, CM
Losno, R
Sciare, J
Voss, KJ
Kinne, S
Nalli, NR
Joseph, E
Moorthy, KK
Covert, DS
Gulev, SK
Milinevsky, G
Larouche, P
Belanger, S
Horne, E
Chin, M
Remer, LA
Kahn, RA
Reid, JS
Schulz, M
Heald, CL
Zhang, J
Lapina, K
Kleidman, RG
Griesfeller, J
Gaitley, BJ
Tan, Q
Diehl, TL
AF Smirnov, A.
Holben, B. N.
Giles, D. M.
Slutsker, I.
O'Neill, N. T.
Eck, T. F.
Macke, A.
Croot, P.
Courcoux, Y.
Sakerin, S. M.
Smyth, T. J.
Zielinski, T.
Zibordi, G.
Goes, J. I.
Harvey, M. J.
Quinn, P. K.
Nelson, N. B.
Radionov, V. F.
Duarte, C. M.
Losno, R.
Sciare, J.
Voss, K. J.
Kinne, S.
Nalli, N. R.
Joseph, E.
Moorthy, K. Krishna
Covert, D. S.
Gulev, S. K.
Milinevsky, G.
Larouche, P.
Belanger, S.
Horne, E.
Chin, M.
Remer, L. A.
Kahn, R. A.
Reid, J. S.
Schulz, M.
Heald, C. L.
Zhang, J.
Lapina, K.
Kleidman, R. G.
Griesfeller, J.
Gaitley, B. J.
Tan, Q.
Diehl, T. L.
TI Maritime aerosol network as a component of AERONET - first results and
comparison with global aerosol models and satellite retrievals
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID SUN PHOTOMETER MEASUREMENTS; OPTICAL DEPTH; SEA-SALT; GOCART MODEL;
AEROCOM; MODIS; PREINDUSTRIAL; ASSIMILATION; THICKNESS; OCEAN
AB The Maritime Aerosol Network (MAN) has been collecting data over the oceans since November 2006. Over 80 cruises were completed through early 2010 with deployments continuing. Measurement areas included various parts of the Atlantic Ocean, the Northern and Southern Pacific Ocean, the South Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, the Arctic Ocean and inland seas. MAN deploys Microtops hand-held sunphotometers and utilizes a calibration procedure and data processing traceable to AERONET. Data collection included areas that previously had no aerosol optical depth (AOD) coverage at all, particularly vast areas of the Southern Ocean. The MAN data archive provides a valuable resource for aerosol studies in maritime environments. In the current paper we present results of AOD measurements over the oceans, and make a comparison with satellite AOD retrievals and model simulations.
C1 [Smirnov, A.; Giles, D. M.; Slutsker, I.] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
[Smirnov, A.; Holben, B. N.; Giles, D. M.; Slutsker, I.; Eck, T. F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[O'Neill, N. T.] Univ Sherbrooke, CARTEL, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada.
[Eck, T. F.; Tan, Q.; Diehl, T. L.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[Macke, A.] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Leipzig, Germany.
[Croot, P.] Univ Kiel IFM GEOMAR, Leibniz Inst Marine Sci, Kiel, Germany.
[Courcoux, Y.] Univ Reunion, OPAR, St Denis, Reunion.
[Sakerin, S. M.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Opt, Siberian Branch, Tomsk, Russia.
[Smyth, T. J.] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth, Devon, England.
[Zielinski, T.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Sopot, Poland.
[Zibordi, G.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, Italy.
[Goes, J. I.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, W Boothbay Harbor, ME USA.
[Harvey, M. J.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington, New Zealand.
[Quinn, P. K.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Nelson, N. B.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Radionov, V. F.] Arctic & Antarctic Res Inst, St Petersburg 199226, Russia.
[Duarte, C. M.] IMEDEA CSIC UIB, Inst Mediterraneo Estudios Avanzados, Esporles, Mallorca, Spain.
[Losno, R.] Univ Paris 07, Lab Interuniv Syst Atmospher, Creteil, France.
[Losno, R.] Univ Paris 12, Creteil, France.
[Sciare, J.; Schulz, M.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Voss, K. J.] Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
[Kinne, S.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Meteorol, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany.
[Nalli, N. R.] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Joseph, E.] Howard Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Washington, DC 20059 USA.
[Moorthy, K. Krishna] Vikram Sarabhai Space Ctr, Space Phys Lab, Trivandrum 695022, Kerala, India.
[Covert, D. S.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Gulev, S. K.] Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow, Russia.
[Milinevsky, G.] Taras Shevchenko Natl Univ Kyiv, Space Phys Lab, Kiev, Ukraine.
[Larouche, P.] Inst Maurice Lamontagne, Mont Joli, PQ, Canada.
[Belanger, S.] Univ Quebec, Dept Biol Chim & Geog, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3A1, Canada.
[Horne, E.] Bedford Inst Oceanog, Bedford, NS, Canada.
[Chin, M.; Tan, Q.; Diehl, T. L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Remer, L. A.; Kleidman, R. G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Climate & Radiat Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Reid, J. S.] USN, Marine Meteorol Div, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA.
[Heald, C. L.; Lapina, K.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Zhang, J.] Univ N Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA.
[Kleidman, R. G.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA.
[Gaitley, B. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Smirnov, A (reprint author), Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
EM alexander.smirnov-1@nasa.gov
RI Smirnov, Alexander/C-2121-2009; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Heald,
Colette/A-6813-2011; Nalli, Nicholas/F-6731-2010; Smyth,
Tim/D-2008-2012; ECK, THOMAS/D-7407-2012; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012; Voss,
Kenneth /A-5328-2013; Duarte, Carlos M/A-7670-2013; Nelson,
Norman/B-7343-2014; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Kahn, Ralph/D-5371-2012;
Croot, Peter/C-8460-2009; Gulev, Sergey/A-4994-2014; Harvey,
Mike/A-5354-2010; Schulz, Michael/A-6930-2011; Quinn,
Patricia/R-1493-2016;
OI Smirnov, Alexander/0000-0002-8208-1304; Nalli,
Nicholas/0000-0002-6914-5537; Voss, Kenneth /0000-0002-7860-5080;
Duarte, Carlos M/0000-0002-1213-1361; Nelson,
Norman/0000-0003-1767-7598; Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; Kahn,
Ralph/0000-0002-5234-6359; Croot, Peter/0000-0003-1396-0601; Harvey,
Mike/0000-0002-0979-0227; Schulz, Michael/0000-0003-4493-4158; Quinn,
Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895; Moorthy, K. Krishna/0000-0002-7234-3868
FU Institut Polaire Francais (IPEV)
FX The authors thank Hal Maring (NASA Headquarters) for his support of
AERONET. The authors would like to acknowledge managerial and
operational support from M. Sorokin, A. Scully, A. Tran, P. Kenny, D.
Hamilton, L. Bariteau, R. Dunn, M. Conley, P. Schoessow, H. Gomes, L.
Logan, M. Reynolds, A. Flores, D. A. Siegel, A. Proshutinsky, L.
Rainville, A. Jayakumar, S. Schick, D. Menzies, E. Emry, C. Swan, K. G.
Fairbarn (USA); M. Panchenko, O. Kopelevich, A. Sinitsyn, D. Kabanov, A.
Tikhomirov, A. Kalsin, S. Terpugova, V. Polkin (Sr), V. Polkin (Jr), N.
Vlasov, Y. Turchinovich, A. Gubin, Y. Zyulyaeva (Russia); P. Goloub, L.
Blarel, S. Triquet, P. Hernandez, V. Duflot, T. Lecointre, S. Barataud,
P. Ricaud, P. Sangiardi, A. Kartavtseff, J.-F. Ternon, F. Jourdin, C.
Petus, J. Nicolas, S. Devidal, L. Martinon, M. Faillot, F. Gabarrot, N.
Villeneuve, I. Jubert, M. Barblu, G. Duval (France); C. Powell, C.
Gallienne (UK); C. Schlosser, Y. Zoll, M. Schlundt, M. Heller, T.
Hanschmann, K. Lengfeld, A. Tessendorf, N. Renkosik, T. Heus, K. Lonitz,
B. Quack, T. Dinter, A. Wassmann, M. Schlundt, B. Pospichal, F. Wittrock
(Germany); A. Bromley, R. Martin, G. Brailsford (New Zealand); J.
Kowalczyk, A. Ponczkowska, J. Pasnicki, K. Zielinski, P. Makuch, B.
Lednicka (Poland); K. Niranjan, S. Babu, S. K. Satheesh, V. S. Nair, S.
N. Beegum (India), S. Piketh, D. Williams, B. Kuyper, E. Robertson
(South Africa), L. Jankowski, R. Matarrese (Italy), R. M. Castillo
(Spain). One of the co-authors (Jean Sciare) would like to thank
Institut Polaire Francais (IPEV) for the support provided within the
AEROTRACE project.
NR 41
TC 60
Z9 60
U1 0
U2 26
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2011
VL 4
IS 3
BP 583
EP 597
DI 10.5194/amt-4-583-2011
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 742AR
UT WOS:000288911000015
ER
PT J
AU Fong, CJ
Whiteley, D
Yang, E
Cook, K
Chu, V
Schreiner, B
Ector, D
Wilczynski, P
Liu, TY
Yen, N
AF Fong, C. -J.
Whiteley, D.
Yang, E.
Cook, K.
Chu, V.
Schreiner, B.
Ector, D.
Wilczynski, P.
Liu, T. -Y.
Yen, N.
TI Space and ground segment performance and lessons learned of the
FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC mission: four years in orbit
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID RADIO OCCULTATION DATA; FOLLOW-ON MISSION; CONSTELLATION SYSTEM; GPS;
WEATHER; ATMOSPHERE
AB The FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate) Mission consisting of six Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO) satellites is the world's first demonstration constellation using radio occultation signals from Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites. The atmospheric profiles derived by processing radio occultation signals are retrieved in near real-time for global weather/climate monitoring, numerical weather prediction, and space weather research. The mission has processed, on average, 1400 to 1800 high-quality atmospheric sounding profiles per day. The atmospheric radio occultation data are assimilated into operational numerical weather prediction models for global weather prediction, including typhoon/hurricane/cyclone forecasts. The radio occultation data has shown a positive impact on weather predictions at many national weather forecast centers. A follow-on mission was proposed that transitions the current experimental research mission into a significantly improved real-time operational mission, which will reliably provide 8000 radio occultation soundings per day. The follow-on mission, as planned, will consist of 12 LEO satellites (compared to 6 satellites for the current mission) with data latency requirement of 45 min (compared to 3 h for the current mission), which will provide greatly enhanced opportunities for operational forecasts and scientific research. This paper will address the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC system and mission overview, the spacecraft and ground system performance after four years in orbit, the lessons learned from the encountered technical challenges and observations, and the expected design improvements for the spacecraft and ground system for FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2.
C1 [Cook, K.] UCAR, Boulder, CO USA.
[Fong, C. -J.; Yang, E.; Chu, V.; Liu, T. -Y.; Yen, N.] Natl Space Org NSPO, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
[Whiteley, D.; Ector, D.; Wilczynski, P.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA.
C2 Int LLC, Kimball, SD USA.
RP Cook, K (reprint author), UCAR, Boulder, CO USA.
EM kcook@c2iconsulting.com
NR 25
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 5
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2011
VL 4
IS 6
BP 1115
EP 1132
DI 10.5194/amt-4-1115-2011
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 781NP
UT WOS:000291940400009
ER
PT J
AU Wagner, NL
Dube, WP
Washenfelder, RA
Young, CJ
Pollack, IB
Ryerson, TB
Brown, SS
AF Wagner, N. L.
Dube, W. P.
Washenfelder, R. A.
Young, C. J.
Pollack, I. B.
Ryerson, T. B.
Brown, S. S.
TI Diode laser-based cavity ring-down instrument for NO3, N2O5, NO, NO2 and
O-3 from aircraft
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID DIFFERENTIAL OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; CROSS-SECTION;
SPECTROSCOPY; NITRATE; ATMOSPHERE; CHEMISTRY; INLET
AB This article presents a diode laser-based, cavity ring-down spectrometer for simultaneous in situ measurements of four nitrogen oxide species, NO3, N2O5, NO, NO2, as well as O-3, designed for deployment on aircraft. The instrument measures NO3 and NO2 by optical extinction at 662 nm and 405 nm, respectively; N2O5 is measured by thermal conversion to NO3, while NO and O-3 are measured by chemical conversion to NO2. The instrument has several advantages over previous instruments developed by our group for measurement of NO2, NO3 and N2O5 alone, based on a pulsed Nd:YAG and dye laser. First, the use of continuous wave diode lasers reduces the requirements for power and weight and eliminates hazardous materials. Second, detection of NO2 at 405 nm is more sensitive than our previously reported 532 nm instrument, and does not have a measurable interference from O-3. Third, the instrument includes chemical conversion of NO and O-3 to NO2 to provide measurements of total NOx (=NO + NO2) and Ox (=NO2 + O-3) on two separate channels; mixing ratios of NO and O-3 are determined by subtraction of NO2. Finally, all five species are calibrated against a single standard based on 254 nm O-3 absorption to provide high accuracy. Disadvantages include an increased sensitivity to water vapor on the 662 nm NO3 and N2O5 channels and a modest reduction in sensitivity for these species compared to the pulsed laser instrument. The in-flight detection limit for both NO3 and N2O5 is 3 pptv (2 sigma, 1 s) and for NO, NO2 and O-3 is 140, 90, and 120 pptv (2 sigma, 1 s) respectively. Demonstrated performance of the instrument in a laboratory/ground based environment is better by approximately a factor of 2-3. The NO and NO2 measurements are less precise than research-grade chemiluminescence instruments. However, the combination of these five species in a single instrument, calibrated to a single analytical standard, provides a complete and accurate picture of nighttime nitrogen oxide chemistry. The instrument performance is demonstrated using data acquired during a recent field campaign in California.
C1 [Wagner, N. L.; Dube, W. P.; Washenfelder, R. A.; Young, C. J.; Pollack, I. B.; Ryerson, T. B.; Brown, S. S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Wagner, N. L.; Dube, W. P.; Washenfelder, R. A.; Young, C. J.; Pollack, I. B.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Brown, SS (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, R CSD7,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM steven.s.brown@noaa.gov
RI Young, Cora/A-4551-2010; Washenfelder, Rebecca/E-7169-2010; Pollack,
Ilana/F-9875-2012; Wagner, Nicholas/E-7437-2010; Ryerson,
Tom/C-9611-2009; Dube, William/I-1658-2013; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013;
Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Young, Cora/0000-0002-6908-5829; Washenfelder,
Rebecca/0000-0002-8106-3702; Dube, William/0000-0003-1286-4087;
FU NOAA
FX This work was funded in part by NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate
Program.
NR 36
TC 50
Z9 52
U1 8
U2 37
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2011
VL 4
IS 6
BP 1227
EP 1240
DI 10.5194/amt-4-1227-2011
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 785SE
UT WOS:000292248700004
ER
PT J
AU Heckel, A
Kim, SW
Frost, GJ
Richter, A
Trainer, M
Burrows, JP
AF Heckel, A.
Kim, S. -W.
Frost, G. J.
Richter, A.
Trainer, M.
Burrows, J. P.
TI Influence of low spatial resolution a priori data on tropospheric NO2
satellite retrievals
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID NITROGEN-OXIDE EMISSIONS; GOME MEASUREMENTS; OMI; SCIAMACHY; SPACE;
MODEL; VALIDATION; INSTRUMENT; COLUMNS; DIOXIDE
AB The retrieval of tropospheric columns of NO2 and other trace gases from satellite observations of backscattered solar radiation relies on the use of accurate a priori information. The spatial resolution of current space sensors is often significantly higher than that of the a priori datasets used, introducing uncertainties from spatial misrepresentation. In this study, the effect of spatial under-sampling of a priori data on the retrieval of NO2 columns was studied for a typical coastal area (around San Francisco). High-resolution (15 x 15 km(2)) NO2 a priori data from the WRF-Chem model in combination with high-resolution MODIS surface reflectance and aerosol data were used to investigate the uncertainty introduced by applying a priori data at typical global chemical transport model resolution. The results show that the relative uncertainties can be large (more than a factor of 2 if all a priori data used is at the coarsest resolution) for individual measurements, mainly due to spatial variations in NO2 profile and surface albedo, with smaller contributions from aerosols and surface height changes. Similar sensitivities are expected for other coastal regions and localised sources such as power plants, highlighting the need for high-resolution a priori data in quantitative analysis of the spatial patterns retrieved from satellite observations of tropospheric pollution.
C1 [Heckel, A.; Richter, A.; Burrows, J. P.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, Bremen, Germany.
[Heckel, A.; Richter, A.; Burrows, J. P.] Univ Bremen, Inst Remote Sensing, Bremen, Germany.
[Heckel, A.] Swansea Univ, Dept Geog, Swansea, W Glam, Wales.
[Kim, S. -W.; Frost, G. J.; Trainer, M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Kim, S. -W.; Frost, G. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Richter, A (reprint author), Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, Bremen, Germany.
EM richter@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de
RI Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Frost, Gregory/I-1958-2013; Kim,
Si-Wan/I-3979-2013; Richter, Andreas/C-4971-2008; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015; Burrows, John/B-6199-2014
OI Kim, Si-Wan/0000-0002-7889-189X; Richter, Andreas/0000-0003-3339-212X;
Burrows, John/0000-0002-6821-5580
FU University of Bremen; European Union [212095]; NOAA
FX MODIS data was provided by NASA through the MODIS web pages. The authors
wish to acknowledge funding support from the University of Bremen, the
European Union through the CITYZEN project (grant no. 212095), and
NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere research program. We thank F. Boersma
and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments and suggestions.
NR 47
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 13
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2011
VL 4
IS 9
BP 1805
EP 1820
DI 10.5194/amt-4-1805-2011
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 826QC
UT WOS:000295367700007
ER
PT J
AU Petropavlovskikh, I
Evans, R
McConville, G
Oltmans, S
Quincy, D
Lantz, K
Disterhoft, P
Stanek, M
Flynn, L
AF Petropavlovskikh, I.
Evans, R.
McConville, G.
Oltmans, S.
Quincy, D.
Lantz, K.
Disterhoft, P.
Stanek, M.
Flynn, L.
TI Sensitivity of Dobson and Brewer Umkehr ozone profile retrievals to
ozone cross-sections and stray light effects
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID MONITORING-EXPERIMENT GOME; ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRORADIOMETERS;
ABSORPTION-COEFFICIENTS; SPECTROPHOTOMETER; INSTRUMENT; IRRADIANCE;
SCIAMACHY; NORTHERN; O-3
AB Remote sounding methods are used to derive ozone profile and column information from various ground-based and satellite measurements. Vertical ozone profiles measured in Dobson units (DU) are currently retrieved based on laboratory measurements of the ozone absorption cross-section spectrum between 270 and 400 nm published in 1985 by Bass and Paur (BP). Recently, the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the European Space Agency (ESA) proposed using the set of ozone cross-section measurements made at the Daumont laboratory in 1992 (BDM) for revising the Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) satellite ozone profiles and total ozone column retrievals. Dobson Umkehr zenith sky data have been collected by NOAA ground-based stations at Boulder, CO (BDR) and Mauna Loa Observatory, HI (MLO) since the 1980s. The UMK04 algorithm is based on the BP ozone cross-section data. It is currently used for all Dobson Umkehr data processing submitted to the World Ozone and Ultraviolet radiation Data Centre (WOUDC) under the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) program of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Ozone profiles are also retrieved from measurements by the Mark IV Brewers operated by the NOAA-EPA Brewer Spectrophotometer UV and Ozone Network (NEUBrew) using a modified UMK04 algorithm (O3BUmkehr v.2.6, Martin Stanek). This paper describes the sensitivity of the Umkehr retrievals with respect to the proposed ozone cross-section changes. It is found that the ozone cross-section choice only minimally (within the retrieval accuracy) affects the Dobson and the Brewer Umkehr retrievals. On the other hand, significantly larger errors were found in the MLO and Boulder Umkehr ozone data (-8 and +5% bias in stratosphere and troposphere respectively) when the out-of-band (OOB) stray light contribution to the Umkehr measurement is not taken into account (correction is currently not included in the UMK04). The vertical distribution of OOB effect in the retrieved profile can be related to the local ozone climatology, instrument degradation, and optical characteristics of the instrument. Nonetheless, recurring OOB errors do not contribute to the long-term ozone trends.
C1 [Petropavlovskikh, I.; McConville, G.; Quincy, D.; Lantz, K.; Disterhoft, P.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Evans, R.; Oltmans, S.] NOAA, OAR, ERSL, Climate Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Stanek, M.] Czech Hydrometeorol Inst, Solar & Ozone Observ, Hradec Kralove 50008, Czech Republic.
[Flynn, L.] NOAA, NESDIS, ORA, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Petropavlovskikh, I (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM irina.petro@noaa.gov
RI Flynn, Lawrence/B-6321-2009
OI Flynn, Lawrence/0000-0001-6856-2614
FU EPA [EPA-G2006-STAR-D1]; NASA [NNX09AJ24G]
FX The authors wish to thank A. Cede, G. Labow, R. McPeters, and P. K.
Bhartia of Goddard Space Flight Center for their assistance in supplying
determinations of BDM cross-sections. We would also like to thank T.
McElroy and V. Fioletov of the EC for providing MLO Brewer Umkehr data
for analysis. The first author would like to express gratitude to M.
Stanek of Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Czech Republic
(stanek@chmi.cz), who works tirelessly to modify and improve the O3B
umkehr software. This work was supported by the EPA STAR grant
EPA-G2006-STAR-D1 and NASA ROSES-2008 Award (NNX09AJ24G).
NR 56
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 7
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2011
VL 4
IS 9
BP 1841
EP 1853
DI 10.5194/amt-4-1841-2011
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 826QC
UT WOS:000295367700009
ER
PT J
AU Rollins, AW
Thornberry, TD
Gao, RS
Hall, BD
Fahey, DW
AF Rollins, A. W.
Thornberry, T. D.
Gao, R. -S.
Hall, B. D.
Fahey, D. W.
TI Catalytic oxidation of H-2 on platinum: a robust method for generating
low mixing ratio H2O standards
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID PATH
AB Standard reference samples of water vapor suitable for in situ calibration of atmospheric hygrometers are not currently widespread, leading to difficulties in unifying the calibrations of these hygrometers and potentially contributing to observed measurement discrepancies. We describe and evaluate a system for reliably and quantitatively converting mixtures of H-2 in air to H2O on a heated platinum surface, providing a compact, portable, adjustable source of water vapor. The technique is shown to be accurate and can be used to easily and reliably produce a wide range of water vapor concentrations (approximate to 1 ppm -2%) on demand. The result is a H2O standard that is expected to be suitable for in situ calibration of aircraft hygrometers, with an accuracy nearly that of the available H-2 standards (approximate to +/- 2%).
C1 [Rollins, A. W.; Thornberry, T. D.; Gao, R. -S.; Fahey, D. W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
[Rollins, A. W.; Thornberry, T. D.; Fahey, D. W.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Hall, B. D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Rollins, AW (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
EM andrew.rollins@noaa.gov
RI Rollins, Andrew/G-7214-2012; Thornberry, Troy/H-7106-2013; Gao,
Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634;
NR 17
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 3
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2011
VL 4
IS 10
BP 2059
EP 2064
DI 10.5194/amt-4-2059-2011
PG 6
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 842JC
UT WOS:000296594000002
ER
PT J
AU Ren, X
Sanders, JE
Rajendran, A
Weber, RJ
Goldstein, AH
Pusede, SE
Browne, EC
Min, KE
Cohen, RC
AF Ren, X.
Sanders, J. E.
Rajendran, A.
Weber, R. J.
Goldstein, A. H.
Pusede, S. E.
Browne, E. C.
Min, K. -E.
Cohen, R. C.
TI A relaxed eddy accumulation system for measuring vertical fluxes of
nitrous acid
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PONDEROSA PINE PLANTATION; SNOW SURFACES; OH
RADICALS; HUMIC-ACID; HONO; FOREST; PHOTOLYSIS; ATMOSPHERE; ISOPRENE
AB A relaxed eddy accumulation (REA) system combined with a nitrous acid (HONO) analyzer was developed to measure atmospheric HONO vertical fluxes. The system consists of three major components: (1) a fast-response sonic anemometer measuring both vertical wind velocity and air temperature, (2) a fast-response controlling unit separating air motions into updraft and downdraft samplers by the sign of vertical wind velocity, and (3) a highly sensitive HONO analyzer based on aqueous long path absorption photometry that measures HONO concentrations in the updrafts and downdrafts. A dynamic velocity threshold (+/- 0.5 sigma(w), where sigma(w) is a standard deviation of the vertical wind velocity) was used for valve switching determined by the running means and standard deviations of the vertical wind velocity. Using measured temperature as a tracer and the average values from two field deployments, the flux proportionality coefficient, beta, was determined to be 0.42 +/- 0.02, in good agreement with the theoretical estimation. The REA system was deployed in two ground-based field studies. In the California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change (CalNex) study in Bakersfield, California in summer 2010, measured HONO fluxes appeared to be upward during the day and were close to zero at night. The upward HONO flux was highly correlated to the product of NO2 and solar radiation. During the Biosphere Effects on Aerosols and Photochemistry Experiment (BEARPEX 2009) at Blodgett Forest, California in July 2009, the overall HONO fluxes were small in magnitude and were close to zero. Causes for the different HONO fluxes in the two different environments are briefly discussed.
C1 [Ren, X.; Sanders, J. E.; Rajendran, A.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Weber, R. J.; Goldstein, A. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Pusede, S. E.; Browne, E. C.; Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Min, K. -E.; Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Ren, X (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD USA.
EM xren@rsmas.miami.edu
RI Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011; Min, Kyung-Eun/I-2839-2013; Cohen,
Ronald/A-8842-2011; Browne, Eleanor/J-4517-2015; Ren,
Xinrong/E-7838-2015
OI Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691;
Browne, Eleanor/0000-0002-8076-9455; Ren, Xinrong/0000-0001-9974-1666
FU NSF [AGS-0914619]; Houston Advanced Research Center (HARC); University
of Miami; National Science Foundation [0922562]; California Air
Resources Board for CalNex [08-316]
FX We thank Sierra Pacific Industries for the use of their land and the
University of California, Berkeley, Center for Forestry, Blodgett Forest
Research Station for cooperation in facilitating the BEARPEX research.
We also thank the Kern County and University of California Cooperative
Extension office in Bakersfield for use of their land and thank the
staff (particularly John Karlik and Rick Ramirez) for cooperation in
facilitating this research. This work was partially supported by NSF
(AGS-0914619), Houston Advanced Research Center (HARC), and University
of Miami Provost Research Award. Much of the site infrastructure and
core measurements were funded by the National Science Foundation
Atmospheric Chemistry Program for BEARPEX 2009 (Grant 0922562), and the
California Air Resources Board for CalNex 2010 (Contract 08-316). We
acknowledge the helpful suggestions by two anonymous reviewers.
NR 56
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Z9 29
U1 3
U2 30
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2011
VL 4
IS 10
BP 2093
EP 2103
DI 10.5194/amt-4-2093-2011
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 842JC
UT WOS:000296594000006
ER
PT J
AU Bocquet, F
Helmig, D
Van Dam, BA
Fairall, CW
AF Bocquet, F.
Helmig, D.
Van Dam, B. A.
Fairall, C. W.
TI Evaluation of the flux gradient technique for measurement of ozone
surface fluxes over snowpack at Summit, Greenland
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID GAP FILLING STRATEGIES; WATER-VAPOR; EDDY-COVARIANCE; TURBULENT FLUXES;
DRY DEPOSITION; TRACE GASES; EXCHANGE; ECOSYSTEM; INTERFERENCE;
UNCERTAINTY
AB A multi-step procedure for investigating ozone surface fluxes over polar snow by the tower gradient method was developed and evaluated. These measurements were then used to obtain five months (April-August 2004) of turbulent ozone flux data at the Summit research camp located in the center of the Greenland ice shield. Turbulent fluxes were determined by the gradient method incorporating tower measurements of (a) ozone gradients measured by commercial ultraviolet absorption analyzers, (b) ambient temperature gradients using aspirated thermocouple sensors, and (c) wind speed gradients determined by cup anemometers. All gradient instruments were regularly inter-compared by bringing sensors or inlets to the same measurement height. The developed protocol resulted in an uncertainty on the order of 0.1 ppbv for 30-min averaged ozone gradients that were used for the ozone flux calculations. This protocol facilitated a lower sensitivity threshold for the ozone flux determination of similar to 8 x 10(-3) mu gm(-2) s(-1), respectively similar to 0.01 cm s(-1) for the ozone deposition velocity for typical environmental conditions encountered at Summit. Uncertainty in the 30-min ozone exchange measurements (evaluated by the Monte Carlo statistical approach) was on the order of 10(-2) cm s(-1). This uncertainty typically accounted to similar to 20-100% of the ozone exchange velocities that were determined. These measurements are among the most sensitive ozone deposition determinations reported to date. This flux experiment allowed for measurements of the relatively low ozone uptake rates encountered for polar snow, and thereby the study of their environmental and spring-versus-summer dependencies.
C1 [Bocquet, F.; Helmig, D.; Van Dam, B. A.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Fairall, C. W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Helmig, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, UCB 450, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM detlev.helmig@colorado.edu
OI Van Dam, Brie/0000-0003-4604-5215
FU United States National Science Foundation (Office of Polar Programs)
[240976]
FX This research was supported through the United States National Science
Foundation (Office of Polar Programs OPP #240976). We thank Thermo
Fisher Scientific for modifying the TEI 49C ozone monitor data
acquisition program. Logistical support was provided by VECO Polar
Resources and the US 109th Air National Guard. We also thank
the Danish Commission for Scientific Research for providing access to
the Summit research site.
NR 43
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Z9 6
U1 2
U2 16
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2011
VL 4
IS 10
BP 2305
EP 2321
DI 10.5194/amt-4-2305-2011
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 842JC
UT WOS:000296594000020
ER
PT J
AU Warneke, C
Veres, P
Holloway, JS
Stutz, J
Tsai, C
Alvarez, S
Rappenglueck, B
Fehsenfeld, FC
Graus, M
Gilman, JB
de Gouw, JA
AF Warneke, C.
Veres, P.
Holloway, J. S.
Stutz, J.
Tsai, C.
Alvarez, S.
Rappenglueck, B.
Fehsenfeld, F. C.
Graus, M.
Gilman, J. B.
de Gouw, J. A.
TI Airborne formaldehyde measurements using PTR-MS: calibration, humidity
dependence, inter-comparison and initial results
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID PROTON-TRANSFER-REACTION; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; REACTION
MASS-SPECTROMETRY; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; IN-SITU
MEASUREMENTS; FIELD-MEASUREMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; AMBIENT
FORMALDEHYDE; HCHO MEASUREMENTS; CARBON-MONOXIDE
AB We present quantitative, fast time response measurements of formaldehyde (HCHO) onboard an aircraft using a Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass-Spectrometry (PTR-MS) instrument. The HCHO measurement by PTR-MS is strongly humidity dependent and therefore airborne measurements are difficult and have not been reported. The PTR-MS instrument was run in the standard PTR-MS operating mode (de Gouw and Warneke, 2007), where about 15 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are measured together with HCHO onboard the NOAA WP