FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Chou, CW Hume, DB Thorpe, MJ Wineland, DJ Rosenband, T AF Chou, C. W. Hume, D. B. Thorpe, M. J. Wineland, D. J. Rosenband, T. TI Quantum Coherence between Two Atoms beyond Q=10(15) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STATE; SPECTROSCOPY; CLOCKS; NOISE; IONS AB We place two atoms in quantum superposition states and observe coherent phase evolution for 3.4 x 10(15) cycles. Correlation signals from the two atoms yield information about their relative phase even after the probe radiation has decohered. This technique allowed a frequency comparison of two Al-27(+) ions with fractional uncertainty 3.7(-0.8)(+1.0) x 10(-16)/root tau/s. Two measures of the Q factor are reported: The Q factor derived from quantum coherence is 3.4(-1.1)(+2.4) x 10(16), and the spectroscopic Q factor for a Ramsey time of 3 s is 6.7 x 10(15). We demonstrate a method to detect the individual quantum states of two Al+ ions in a Mg+-Al+-Al+ linear ion chain without spatially resolving the ions. C1 [Chou, C. W.; Hume, D. B.; Thorpe, M. J.; Wineland, D. J.; Rosenband, T.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Chou, CW (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM chinwen@nist.gov FU ONR; AFOSR; DARPA; NSA; IARPA FX This work is supported by ONR, AFOSR, DARPA, NSA, and IARPA. We thank D. Leibrandt and J. Sherman for comments on the manuscript. Publication of NIST, not subject to U.S. copyright. NR 30 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 18 PY 2011 VL 106 IS 16 AR 160801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.160801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 757NU UT WOS:000290095300002 PM 21599347 ER PT J AU Killgore, JP Geiss, RH Hurley, DC AF Killgore, Jason P. Geiss, Roy H. Hurley, Donna C. TI Continuous Measurement of Atomic Force Microscope Tip Wear by Contact Resonance Force Microscopy SO SMALL LA English DT Article ID NANOSCALE WEAR; AFM; STIFFNESS; NANOLITHOGRAPHY C1 [Killgore, Jason P.; Geiss, Roy H.; Hurley, Donna C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Killgore, JP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jason.killgore@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology FX The authors thank Dr. Bernd Gotsmann (IBM Zurich) for informative discussions. This research was performed while JPK held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. This official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology is not subject to copyright in the United States. NR 31 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 20 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1613-6810 J9 SMALL JI Small PD APR 18 PY 2011 VL 7 IS 8 BP 1018 EP 1022 DI 10.1002/smll.201002116 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 756FL UT WOS:000289997000005 PM 21404440 ER PT J AU Coll, M Goetz, KP Conrad, BR Hacker, CA Gundlach, DJ Richter, CA Jurchescu, OD AF Coll, M. Goetz, K. P. Conrad, B. R. Hacker, C. A. Gundlach, D. J. Richter, C. A. Jurchescu, O. D. TI Flip chip lamination to electrically contact organic single crystals on flexible substrates SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; CHARGE-LIMITED CURRENTS; LARGE-AREA ELECTRONICS; SURFACE-ENERGY; FABRICATION; TRANSPORT; SOLIDS AB The fabrication of top metal contacts for organic devices represents a challenge and has important consequences for electrical properties of such systems. We report a robust, low-cost and nondestructive printing process, flip chip lamination, to fabricate top contacts on rubrene single crystals. The use of surface chemistry treatments with fluorinated self-assembled monolayers, combined with pliable substrates, and mild nanoimprint conditions, ensures conformal contact between ultrasmooth metal contacts and the organic crystal. Space-charge limited current measurements point to better interfacial electrical properties with the flip chip lamination-fabricated contacts compared to the analog architecture of e-beam evaporated top contacts. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3580610] C1 [Coll, M.; Conrad, B. R.; Hacker, C. A.; Gundlach, D. J.; Richter, C. A.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Goetz, K. P.; Jurchescu, O. D.] Wake Forest Univ, Dept Phys, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. RP Coll, M (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jurchescu@wfu.edu RI Coll, Mariona/C-5350-2012; OI Coll, Mariona/0000-0001-5157-7764; Conrad, Brad/0000-0001-5192-2441 NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 18 PY 2011 VL 98 IS 16 AR 163302 DI 10.1063/1.3580610 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 754GI UT WOS:000289842700069 ER PT J AU Min, HK Adam, S Song, YJ Stroscio, JA Stiles, MD MacDonald, AH AF Min, Hongki Adam, S. Song, Young Jae Stroscio, Joseph A. Stiles, M. D. MacDonald, A. H. TI Landau levels and band bending in few-layer epitaxial graphene SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SURFACE AB The carrier density distributions in few-layer-graphene systems grown on the carbon face of silicon carbide can be altered by the presence of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) tip used to probe top-layer electronic properties, and by a perpendicular magnetic field which induces well-defined Landau levels. Hartree approximation calculations in the perpendicular field case show that charge tends to rearrange between the layers so that the filling factors of most layers are pinned at integer values. We use our analysis to provide insight into the role of buried layers in recent few-layer-graphene STM studies and discuss the limitations of our model. C1 [Min, Hongki; Adam, S.; Song, Young Jae; Stroscio, Joseph A.; Stiles, M. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Min, Hongki; Song, Young Jae] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [MacDonald, A. H.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Min, HK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Condensed Matter Theory Ctr, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM hmin@umd.edu RI Adam, Shaffique/B-3264-2008; Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012; Song, Young Jae/A-5422-2013; OI Adam, Shaffique/0000-0002-3095-9920; Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156; Song, Young Jae/0000-0001-6172-3817; Min, Hongki/0000-0001-5043-2432 FU NIST-CNST/UMD-NanoCenter Cooperative Agreement; Welch Foundation [F1473]; NSF-NRI FX The work has been supported in part by the NIST-CNST/UMD-NanoCenter Cooperative Agreement. A.H.M. was supported by Welch Foundation Grant No. F1473 and by the NSF-NRI SWAN program. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 30 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 18 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 15 AR 155430 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.155430 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 781ZJ UT WOS:000291976300013 ER PT J AU Chang, YL Oey, LY AF Chang, Y. -L. Oey, L. -Y. TI Interannual and seasonal variations of Kuroshio transport east of Taiwan inferred from 29 years of tide-gauge data SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC SUBTROPICAL COUNTERCURRENT; NORTH PACIFIC; TOPEX/POSEIDON OBSERVATIONS; MESOSCALE EDDIES; EDDY FIELD; VARIABILITY; SOUTH AB Twenty-nine years of tide-gauge data are analyzed in conjunction with wind and satellite-derived sea-surface height and ocean velocity data to study the interannual and seasonal variations of the Kuroshio transport off the northeastern coast of Taiwan. The data reveals an interannual variation of +/- 0.1 m (transport-variation of approximately +/- 3.5 Sv; 1 Sv = 10(6) m(3) s(-1)), and a much weaker (5-10 times weaker) seasonal fluctuation that is minimum in May and maximum in November. The interannual fluctuations are not directly wind-driven by linear dynamics; rather, the Kuroshio strengthens in years of abundant eddies of the Subtropical Counter Current, which is related to the current's instability state driven by the slow fluctuations of the large-scale wind stress curl in the western Pacific. The seasonal transport fluctuation is also eddy-forced, but has weaker amplitude because the seasonal time scale is of the same order as the eddy-propagation time scale, and transport-producing eddy signals tend to overlap east of Taiwan. Citation: Chang, Y.-L., and L.-Y. Oey (2011), Interannual and seasonal variations of Kuroshio transport east of Taiwan inferred from 29 years of tide-gauge data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L08603, doi: 10.1029/2011GL047062. C1 [Chang, Y. -L.] Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Taipei 11677, Taiwan. [Chang, Y. -L.; Oey, L. -Y.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Chang, YL (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Earth Sci, 88 Sec 4,Tingzhou Rd, Taipei 11677, Taiwan. EM lyo@princeton.edu NR 12 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 16 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L08603 DI 10.1029/2011GL047062 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 751XC UT WOS:000289650000006 ER PT J AU Danielson, S Eisner, L Weingartner, T Aagaard, K AF Danielson, S. Eisner, L. Weingartner, T. Aagaard, K. TI Thermal and haline variability over the central Bering Sea shelf: Seasonal and interannual perspectives SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; Seasonal variability; Interannual variability; Temperature; Salinity; Ekman transport ID ALASKA COASTAL CURRENT; ARCTIC-OCEAN; ALEUTIAN LOW; FRESH-WATER; HEAT FLUXES; ICE; CIRCULATION; ECOSYSTEM; PATTERNS; PACIFIC AB We examine multi-year conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) data to better understand temperature and salinity variability over the central Bering Sea shelf. Particular consideration is given to observations made annually from 2002 to 2007 between August and October, although other seasons and years are also considered. Vertical and horizontal correlation maps show that near-surface and near-bottom salinity anomalies tend to fluctuate in phase across the central shelf, but that temperature anomalies are vertically coherent only in the weakly or unstratified inner-shelf waters. We formulate heat content (HC) and freshwater content (FWC) budgets based on the CTD observations, direct estimates of external fluxes (surface heat fluxes, ice melt, precipitation (P), evaporation (E) and river discharge), and indirect estimates of advective contributions. Ice melt, P - E, river discharge, and along-isobath advection are sufficient to account for the mean spring-to-fall increase in FWC, while summer surface heat fluxes are primarily responsible for the mean seasonal increase in HC, although interannual variability in the HC at the end of summer appears related to variability in the along-isobath advection during the summer months. On the other hand, FWC anomalies at the end of summer are significantly correlated with the mean wind direction and cross-isobath Ekman transport averaged over the previous winter. Consistent with the latter finding, salinities exhibit a weak but significant inverse correlation between the coastal and mid-shelf waters. The cross-shelf transport likely has significant effect on nutrient fluxes and other processes important to the functioning of the shelf ecosystem. Both the summer and winter advection fields appear to result from the seasonal mean position and strength of the Aleutian Low. We find that interannual thermal and haline variability over the central Bering Sea shelf are largely uncoupled. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Danielson, S.; Weingartner, T.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Eisner, L.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, Juneau, AK USA. [Aagaard, K.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Polar Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Danielson, S (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Rm 114,ONeill Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM seth@ims.uaf.edu FU BASIS scientists at NOAA/AFSC; NOAA/PMEL; NSF [HLY-07-01, HLY-08-03, KN195-10, ARC-0732428, ARC-0732771]; Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative; Bering Sea Fisherman's Association; NOAA; National Marine Fisheries Service; North Pacific Research Board [NPMRI 12130]; Arctic Yukon Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative [1195952] FX This manuscript would not have been possible without the cross-institutional and cross-disciplinary collaboration that has been fostered through the BASIS and BEST programs. We particularly thank Ed Farley and the rest of the BASIS scientists at NOAA/AFSC for their support. Many thanks to Kristin Cieciel for survey logistics, oceanographic data collection, CTD data processing, and database maintenance; John Pohl and Alex Andrews for oceanographic data collection; Jennifer Lanksbury for database design and maintenance; Rolf Gradinger, Katrin Iken, and Bodil Bluhm for sharing their ice station data; and Phyllis Stabeno for sharing M2 mooring data and BEST CTD data, both collected with the support of the NOAA/PMEL Eco-FOCI program. We thank he dedicated crews of the F/V Sea Storm, F/V NW Explorer, R/V Oscar Dyson, R/V Knorr, R/V Point Sur, and the USCGC Healy for the many successful BASIS and BEST cruises. We thank the BEST program scientists and field crews for the LID data collections and processing. Data from NSF sponsored BEST cruises HLY-07-01, HLY-08-03, and KN195-10 were taken under the direction of chief scientist R. Sambrotto, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, NY; data from cruise HLY-08-02 were taken under the direction of chief scientist Carin Ashjian, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, Woods Hole, MA; and data from cruise HLY-09-01 were taken under the direction of chief scientist Lee Cooper, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, MD. The manuscript was improved with valuable comments from two anonymous reviewers. BASIS oceanographic data collection was funded by the Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative, the Bering Sea Fisherman's Association, NOAA Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program, and the National Marine Fisheries Service. Drifter data were collected under funding from the North Pacific Research Board, Grant NPMRI 12130, and the Arctic Yukon Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative, Grant ADN #1195952. This manuscript is listed as BEST/BSIERP Publication #6. K. Aagaard was supported by NSF Grant ARC-0732428. S. Danielson and T. Weingartner received financial support from the Bering Sea Fisherman's Association Grant AC-299 and NSF Grant ARC-0732771. NR 79 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD APR 15 PY 2011 VL 31 IS 6 BP 539 EP 554 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2010.12.010 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 765ZE UT WOS:000290747100003 ER PT J AU Faradzhev, NS Yakshinskiy, BV Starodub, E Madey, TE Hill, SB Grantham, S Lucatorto, TB Yulin, S Vescovo, E Keister, JW AF Faradzhev, Nadir S. Yakshinskiy, Boris V. Starodub, Elena Madey, Theodore E. Hill, Shannon B. Grantham, Steven Lucatorto, Thomas B. Yulin, Sergiy Vescovo, Elio Keister, Jeffrey W. TI Resonance effects in photoemission from TiO2-capped Mo/Si multilayer mirrors for extreme ultraviolet applications SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ELECTRON-YIELD; RAY STANDING-WAVE; TIO2 THIN-FILMS; CAPPING LAYERS; CONTAMINATION; LITHOGRAPHY; REFLECTION; RADIATION; SPECTRA; OPTICS AB In the unbaked vacuum systems of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography steppers, oxide formation and carbon growth on Mo/Si multilayer mirrors (MLMs) are competing processes leading to reflectivity loss. A major contribution to this mirror degradation is a series of surface reactions that are thought to be driven in large part by photoemitted electrons. In this paper, we focus on the resonance effects in photoemission from Mo/Si MLMs protected by thin TiO2 cap layers. In the vicinity of the resonant energy of the mirror, the energy flux of the EUV radiation forming standing wave oscillates throughout the multilayer stack. As a result, light absorption followed by the emission of photoelectrons becomes a complex process that varies rapidly with depth and photon energy. The electron emission is characterized as a function of the EUV photon energy, the angle of incidence, and the position of the standing wave with respect to the solid/vacuum interface. In our experiments, the position of the standing wave was controlled both by deliberately varying the thickness of the Si terminating layer (of the Mo/Si stack) and by depositing C films of various thicknesses on the TiO2. The experimental data are compared with model simulations to examine the changes in photoemission yield due to the presence of carbon and to the changes in the position of the standing wave. We find that carbon deposition can have a dramatic impact on the yield and, therefore, on the rates of electron mediated reactions at the surface. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3575319] C1 [Faradzhev, Nadir S.; Yakshinskiy, Boris V.; Starodub, Elena; Madey, Theodore E.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Hill, Shannon B.; Grantham, Steven; Lucatorto, Thomas B.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20853 USA. [Yulin, Sergiy] Fraunhofer Inst, Dept Opt Coatings, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Vescovo, Elio; Keister, Jeffrey W.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Faradzhev, NS (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM nadir.faradzhev@nist.gov NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 2011 VL 109 IS 8 AR 083112 DI 10.1063/1.3575319 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 756XB UT WOS:000290047000013 ER PT J AU Woicik, JC Xie, CK Wells, BO AF Woicik, J. C. Xie, C. K. Wells, B. O. TI Effect of strain on the local perovskite structure: La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; BOND LENGTHS; THIN-FILMS; SEMICONDUCTOR ALLOYS; EPITAXIAL LAYERS; DISTORTIONS AB Extended x-ray-absorption fine structure has been used to study the bond-length and bond-angle distortions in thin (similar to 220 angstrom) La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 films grown epitaxially on SrTiO3 and LaAlO3 substrates. Growth on these substrates produces films with both in-plane tensile and in-plane compressive strains, respectively. It is found that the strain imposed on the thin-film lattice is accommodated mostly through changes in the first-shell Co-O bond lengths and third-shell Co-Co distances, while second-shell Co-La and Co-Sr distances behave similarly to distortions found previously in the tetrahedral semiconductors; i.e., they are most strongly affected by bond-angle distortions that account for the relaxation of the film lattice constant perpendicular to the film/substrate interface. These structural changes are directly correlated with the magnetic properties of the films. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3564934] C1 [Woicik, J. C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xie, C. K.; Wells, B. O.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Woicik, JC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM woicik@bnl.gov RI Xie, Changkun/F-1544-2011; Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0907197]; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX The authors thank Dr. George Sterbinsky for useful discussions. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Work at the University of Connecticut is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR-0907197. Additional support was provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 2011 VL 109 IS 8 AR 083519 DI 10.1063/1.3564934 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 756XB UT WOS:000290047000043 ER PT J AU Szabo, CI Feldman, U Seltzer, S Hudson, LT O'Brien, M Park, HS Seely, JF AF Szabo, Csilla I. Feldman, Uri Seltzer, Stephen Hudson, Lawrence T. O'Brien, Michelle Park, Hye-Sook Seely, John F. TI Efficiency calibrations of cylindrically bent transmission crystals in the 20 to 80 keV x-ray energy range SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPECTROGRAPHY AB Two quartz (10-11) crystals were cylindrically bent to a 25: 4 cm radius of curvature and were mounted in identical Cauchois-type transmission spectrometers, and the crystal diffraction efficiencies were measured to 5% absolute accuracy using narrow bandwidth x-ray source fluences in the 20 to 80 keV energy range. The measured integrated reflectivity values were compared to calculations performed using a computational model that accounts for the diffraction geometry of the bent transmission crystal. These crystal calibrations enable the accurate measurement of absolute hard x- ray emission levels from laser- produced plasmas and other laboratory sources. C1 [Seely, John F.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Park, Hye-Sook] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Hudson, Lawrence T.; O'Brien, Michelle] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Szabo, Csilla I.; Feldman, Uri; Seltzer, Stephen] Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. RP Seely, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM john.seely@nrl.navy.mil FU Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [B591129] FX This work was supported Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory project B591129. The mention of commercial products does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government or that they are necessarily the best for the application. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD APR 15 PY 2011 VL 36 IS 8 BP 1335 EP 1337 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 756SH UT WOS:000290034500010 PM 21499348 ER PT J AU Baltrusch, JD Negretti, A Taylor, JM Calarco, T AF Baltrusch, J. D. Negretti, A. Taylor, J. M. Calarco, T. TI Fast and robust quantum computation with ionic Wigner crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID TRAP; COMPUTER; IMPLEMENTATION; ARCHITECTURE; PLASMAS; ATOM AB We present a detailed analysis of the modulated-carrier quantum phase gate implemented withWigner crystals of ions confined in Penning traps. We elaborate on a recent scheme, proposed by two of the authors, to engineer two-body interactions between ions in such crystals. We analyze the situation in which the cyclotron (omega(c)) and the crystal rotation (omega(r)) frequencies do not fulfill the condition omega(c) = 2 omega(r). It is shown that even in the presence of the magnetic field in the rotating frame the many-body (classical) Hamiltonian describing small oscillations from the ion equilibrium positions can be recast in canonical form. As a consequence, we are able to demonstrate that fast and robust two-qubit gates are achievable within the current experimental limitations. Moreover, we describe a realization of the state-dependent sign-changing dipole forces needed to realize the investigated quantum computing scheme. C1 [Baltrusch, J. D.; Negretti, A.; Calarco, T.] Univ Ulm, Inst Quantum Informat Proc, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. [Baltrusch, J. D.] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Grp Opt, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. [Baltrusch, J. D.] Univ Saarland, D-66041 Saarbrucken, Germany. [Taylor, J. M.] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Taylor, J. M.] Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Calarco, T.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Calarco, T.] ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Baltrusch, JD (reprint author), Univ Ulm, Inst Quantum Informat Proc, Albert Einstein Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. RI Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011; Negretti, Antonio/H-1837-2012 OI Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594; FU EU; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SFB/TRR21]; European Commission [236073]; Forschungsbonus of the University of Ulm; Forschungsbonus of the University of Ulmer Universitatsgesellschaft; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [QNLP FIS2007-66944]; European Science Foundation FX We are grateful to J. J. Bollinger for his critical reading of the manuscript. J. B. acknowledges G. De Chiara and E. Kajari for helpful discussions and A.N. useful correspondence with E. Pagani on symplectic transformations. We acknowledge financial support from the EU Integrated Project AQUTE, PICC (T. C.), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft within Grant No. SFB/TRR21 (A.N., T. C.), the Marie Curie program of the European Commission (Proposal No. 236073, OPTIQUOS) within the 7th European Community Framework Programme (A.N.), the Forschungsbonus of the University of Ulm and of the Ulmer Universitatsgesellschaft (A.N.), the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Consolider Ingenio 2010 "QOIT," QNLP FIS2007-66944), and the European Science Foundation (EUROQUAM "Cavity-Mediated Molecular Cooling") (J.B.). NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR 15 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 4 AR 042319 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.83.042319 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 757QH UT WOS:000290102300002 ER PT J AU Luo, YL Zhang, RH Qian, WM Luo, ZZ Hu, X AF Luo, Yali Zhang, Renhe Qian, Weimiao Luo, Zhengzhao Hu, Xin TI Intercomparison of Deep Convection over the Tibetan Plateau-Asian Monsoon Region and Subtropical North America in Boreal Summer Using CloudSat/CALIPSO Data SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; TRMM PRECIPITATION RADAR; DIURNAL-VARIATIONS; HIMALAYAN REGION; OZONE DEPLETION; VARIABILITY; RAINFALL; MISSION; CLOUDS; TRENDS AB Deep convection in the Tibetan Plateau southern Asian monsoon region (TP-SAMR) is analyzed using CloudSat and Cloud Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) data for the boreal summer season (June August) from 2006 to 2009. Three subregions are defined the TP, the southern slope of the plateau (PSS), and the SAMR-and deep convection properties (such as occurrence frequency, internal vertical structure, system size, and local environment) are compared among these subregions. To cast them in a broader context, four additional regions that bear some similarity to the TP-SAMR are also discussed: East Asia (EA), tropical northwestern Pacific (NWP), and western and eastern North America (WNA and ENA, respectively). The principal findings are as follows: 1) Compared to the other two subregions of the TP-SAMR, deep convection over the TP is shallower, less frequent, and embedded in smaller-size convection systems, but the cloud tops are more densely packed. These characteristics of deep convection over the TP are closely related to the unique local environment, namely, a significantly lower level of neutral buoyancy (LNB) and much drier atmosphere. 2) In a broader context in which all seven regions are brought together, deep convection in the two tropical regions (NWP and SAMR; mostly over ocean) is similar in many regards. A similar conclusion can be drawn among the four subtropical continental regions (TP, EA, WNA, and ENA). However, tropical oceanic and subtropical land regions present some significant contrasts: deep convection in the latter region occurs less frequently, has lower cloud tops but comparable or slightly higher tops of large radar echo (e.g., 0 and 10 dBZ), and is embedded in smaller systems. The cloud tops of the subtropical land regions are generally more densely packed. Hence, the difference between the TP and SAMR is more of a general contrast between subtropical land regions and tropical oceanic regions during the boreal summer. 3) Deep convection over the PSS possesses some uniqueness of its own because of the distinctive terrain (slopes) and moist low-level monsoon flow. 4) Results from a comparison between the daytime (1:30 p.m.) and nighttime (1:30 a.m.) overpasses are largely consistent with researchers' general understanding of the diurnal variation of tropical and subtropical deep convection. C1 [Luo, Yali; Zhang, Renhe; Qian, Weimiao] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Luo, Zhengzhao] CUNY, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Luo, Zhengzhao] CUNY, City Coll, NOAA CREST Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Hu, Xin] Fudan Univ, Sch Math Sci, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. RP Luo, YL (reprint author), Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, 46 Zhong Guan Cun S Ave, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM yali@cams.cma.gov.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [40875064, 40921003]; Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences [2007R001]; Special Fund for Research in Meteorology [GYHY200806020]; NASA [NNX10AM31G, NNX09AJ46G] FX This study was jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Projects 40875064 and 40921003), the Basic Research Fund of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (2007R001), and the Special Fund for Research in Meteorology (GYHY200806020). Dr. Z. Luo acknowledges the support from the NASA CloudSat/CALIPSO Science Team under Grant NNX10AM31G and NASA MAP Grant NNX09AJ46G. NASA's Cloud Sat project products are provided online (www.cloudsat.cira.colostate.edu). NR 44 TC 27 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR 15 PY 2011 VL 24 IS 8 BP 2164 EP 2177 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI4032.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 756GX UT WOS:000290000800009 ER PT J AU Amano, M Yamada, TK Brownell, RL Uni, Y AF Amano, Masao Yamada, Tadasu K. Brownell, Robert L., Jr. Uni, Yoshikazu TI Age determination and reproductive traits of killer whales entrapped in ice off Aidomari, Hokkaido, Japan SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE age determination; growth layer group; killer whale; Orcinus orca; reproduction AB On 7 February 2005 a group of 9 killer whales (Orcinus orca) were trapped in drifting sea ice and died at Aidomari, Hokkaido, Japan. We carried out age determination based on tooth growth layers and examined the reproductive organs of these whales. Growth layer groups (GLGs) in the dentine and cementum were readable, ever, in the old specimens, and complementary to each other in decalcified and stained thin sections of lower teeth. Reliable age determination of killer whales is feasible, and GLGs are accumulated annually. The longitudinal growth of the teeth continued until about 20 years of age, which is much longer than for the corresponding age in other delphinids. Counts of corpora lutea and albicantia increased linearly with age from 3 to 7 in whales 13-34 years old, but the oldest female (59 years old) had only 8 corpora albicantia, which could indicate a decline in the ovulation rate in old females. Photographs of the original group trapped in the ice confirmed that at least 2 whales escaped or died and did not strand with the others. Therefore, this group was composed originally of a mature male, 1 possibly postreproductive female, 5 reproductively active females, 3 calves, and 2 or 3 unidentified individuals. C1 [Amano, Masao] Nagasaki Univ, Fac Fisheries, Nagasaki 8528521, Japan. [Yamada, Tadasu K.] Natl Museum Nat & Sci, Dept Zool, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1690073, Japan. [Brownell, Robert L., Jr.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Uni, Yoshikazu] Tokyo Univ Agr, Fac Bioind, Abashiri, Hokkaido 0992493, Japan. RP Amano, M (reprint author), Nagasaki Univ, Fac Fisheries, 1-14 Bunkyo Machi, Nagasaki 8528521, Japan. EM m-amano@nagasaki-u.ac.jp NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 11 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD APR 15 PY 2011 VL 92 IS 2 BP 275 EP 282 DI 10.1644/10-MAMM-A-276.1 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 754PV UT WOS:000289869700002 ER PT J AU Schultz, JK Becker, BL Johanos, TC Lopez, JU Kashinsky, L AF Schultz, Jennifer K. Becker, Brenda L. Johanos, Thea C. Lopez, Jessica U. Kashinsky, Lizabeth TI Dizygotic twinning in the Hawaiian monk seal SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE fecundity; maternal investment; microsatellite; multiple maternity; Monachus schauinslandi ID ZEALAND FUR-SEAL; MONACHUS-SCHAUINSLANDI; FOSTERING BEHAVIOR; REPRODUCTIVE-CYCLE; HALICHOERUS-GRYPUS; ELEPHANT SEALS; GREY SEALS; SURVIVAL; PUP AB Twinning is extremely rare in pinnipeds. Instances in which a female is observed simultaneously nursing 2 pups may represent alloparenting, or nonfilial nursing, a relatively common trait in pinnipeds. We explored the incidence of twinning in the Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi). We observed 7 sets of putative twins (i.e., an isolated female nursing 2 newborn pups) of 4,965 total births recorded between 1983 and 2008 (minimum twinning rate = 0.1%). Genetic specimens from the mother and both pups were available only for 5 of the 7 sets. Microsatellite genotyping revealed all of these to be dizygotic twins, with low probability of false assignment (P < 0.001). On average, Hawaiian monk seal twins were less likely to survive to weaning than singletons born in the same year and on the same island (P = 0.008). Those that weaned were smaller in size (i.e., axillary girths 1-4 SDs lower than singletons). In the critically endangered Hawaiian monk seal twinning appears to be a rare trait that results in overall lower survival rates but also offers a small opportunity for stock enhancement. C1 [Schultz, Jennifer K.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Becker, Brenda L.; Johanos, Thea C.; Lopez, Jessica U.; Kashinsky, Lizabeth] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. RP Schultz, JK (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, POB 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. EM jschultz@hawaii.edu FU Marine Mammal Commission [GS00M04PDM0027]; Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem Reserve; Environmental Protection Agency STAR; National Science Foundation [0549514] FX We thank the numerous seasonal field crews for their efforts in the collection of data, particularly S. Canja, S. Farry, J. Henderson, J. Klavitter, L. Laniawe, R. Marshall, A. Dietrich, E. Green, J. Jones, J. Palmer, and M. Vekasy. Drs. R. Braun and A. Aguirre conducted necropsies on several of the dead twins. We thank F. Parrish, C. Littnan, J. Baker, T. Wurth, and A. Harting for comments on the manuscript. For logistical support we thank the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and the captain, officers, and crew of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ships Townsend Cromwell and Oscar Elton Sette. This research was performed under the following National Marine Fisheries Service Scientific Research and Enhancement permits: 413, 482, 489, 889, 848-1335, and 848-1695. Funding was provided by the Marine Mammal Commission (research grant GS00M04PDM0027) and the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem Reserve. JKS was supported by Environmental Protection Agency STAR and National Science Foundation IGERT fellowships (award 0549514; principal investigator B. A. Wilcox). This is contribution 1416 from the Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology and contribution 8033 from the School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology at the University of Hawai'i. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD APR 15 PY 2011 VL 92 IS 2 BP 336 EP 341 DI 10.1644/10-MAMM-A-275.1 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 754PV UT WOS:000289869700008 ER PT J AU Burkanov, V Gurarie, E Altukhov, A Mamaev, E Permyakov, P Trukhin, A Waite, J Gelatt, T AF Burkanov, Vladimir Gurarie, Eliezer Altukhov, Alexey Mamaev, Evgeny Permyakov, Peter Trukhin, Alexey Waite, Jason Gelatt, Tom TI Environmental and biological factors influencing maternal attendance patterns of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) in Russia SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Asian population; Commander Islands; Eumetopias jubatus; foraging behavior; Kuril Islands; maternal attendance patterns; postpartum nursing period; Sea of Okhotsk ID ANTARCTIC FUR SEALS; CONTROL-REGION SEQUENCES; POPULATION DECLINE; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; PUP BEHAVIOR; ADULT FEMALE; HYPOTHESIS; DIET; VARIABILITY AB Maternal attendance patterns in free-ranging wildlife can provide insight into basic biology, foraging behavior, and population dynamics. We collected detailed visual observations of attendance patterns by adult lactating Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) from 2005 to 2007 on 6 major rookeries in the Russian Far East, including those with an increasing population trend (Sea of Okhotsk), severely depleted populations that were recovering (Kuril Islands), or those that were stable (Commander Islands). Individually identifiable females were observed during the postpartum period, with special attention paid to presence and absence during the day and to departure and arrival times. Within Russia females on several Kuril Islands rookeries exhibited extremely short foraging trip durations (median 6.5-8.0 h) and spent higher proportions of time on the rookery (75-82%), whereas females in the Sea of Okhotsk population had the longest trips (median 19.8 h) and spent the least amount of time on the rookery (60%). Most indices of attendance pattern were more favorable (longer peripartum period, higher proportion of time spent on rookery, shorter trips, and longer visits) than those reported in Alaska and much more so than those in California during El Nino years, where the proportion of time spent on the rookery was nearly half that in Russia. Females > 6 years of age had shorter trips and longer visit durations than the youngest females (4-5 years), and older mothers exhibited significantly longer periods of nursing before taking their 1st trip, suggesting greater physical condition for older females. Although trip durations remained constant throughout the season, visit durations shortened significantly as the pups aged, suggesting that increasing nutritional demands of pups are met by more frequent, rather than longer, trips. No apparent relationships between attendance patterns and population status were observed; however, many of the differences in attendance patterns throughout the range of the Steller sea lion could be related to local variation in bathymetry and diet patterns. C1 [Burkanov, Vladimir; Gurarie, Eliezer; Gelatt, Tom] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Burkanov, Vladimir; Altukhov, Alexey] Russian Acad Sci, Pacific Geog Inst, Far E Branch, Kamchatka Branch, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683000, Russia. [Gurarie, Eliezer] Univ Helsinki, Dept Biosci, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Mamaev, Evgeny] Kamchatka Sci Res Inst Fisheries & Oceanog Kamcha, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683000, Russia. [Permyakov, Peter; Trukhin, Alexey] Russian Acad Sci, Far E Branch, VI Ilichev Pacific Oceanol Inst, Vladivostok 690041, Russia. [Waite, Jason] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Gurarie, E (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM eli.gurarie@noaa.gov RI Waite, Jason/D-5334-2011; Burkanov, Vladimir/C-3116-2012; OI Gurarie, Eliezer/0000-0002-8666-9674 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NFFS7300-5-00014]; Alaska SeaLife Center FX Gratitude is extended to S. Artemieva, R. Belobrov, O. Belonovich, A. Chetvergov, Z. Dolgova, V. Dyachkov, A. Karbolin, A. Karelin, A. Kondratyuk, K. Korsakova, M. Kozyreva, D. Matsuev, S. Purtov, L. Sagatelova, O. Savenko, N. Sonin, and A. Sychenko, who contributed to collecting data in the field and to D. Calkins and R. Andrews for long-term support of this research. Thanks also go to K. Grieve for useful discussions on statistical analysis and K. Laidre, who helped with the text and synthesis. Comments from M. Lander, B. Fadely, and 2 anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. We additionally thank R. Barry for improving the manuscript through meticulous reviews. The research was funded by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration grant NFFS7300-5-00014 and Alaska SeaLife Center. All work on rookeries was conducted under permits issued annually by Russian permitting agencies. NR 61 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 20 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD APR 15 PY 2011 VL 92 IS 2 BP 352 EP 366 DI 10.1644/10-MAMM-A-194.1 PG 15 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 754PV UT WOS:000289869700010 ER PT J AU Tong, P Yu, J Huang, QZ Yamada, K Louca, D AF Tong, Peng Yu, Juan Huang, Qingzhen Yamada, Kazuyoshi Louca, Despina TI Possible Link of a Structurally Driven Spin Flip Transition and the Insulator-Metal Transition in the Perovskite La1-xBaxCoO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIFFRACTION; LACOO3 AB The nature of the magnetic ground state near the insulator-metal transition (IMT) in La1-xBaxCoO3 was investigated via neutron scattering. Below the critical concentration, x(c) similar to 0.22, a commensurate antiferromagnetic (AFM) phase appears initially. Upon approaching x(c), the AFM component weakens and a ferromagnetic (FM) ordered phase sets in while in the rhombohedral lattice. At x(c), a spin flip to a new FM structure occurs at the same time as the crystal symmetry transforms to orthorhombic (Pnma). The Pnma phase may be the driving force for the IMT. C1 [Tong, Peng; Yu, Juan; Louca, Despina] Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Huang, Qingzhen] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yamada, Kazuyoshi] Tohoku Univ, WPI Adv Inst Mat Res, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. RP Louca, D (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RI Yamada, Kazuyoshi/C-2728-2009; Tong, Peng/B-6783-2011 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-01ER45927]; U.S. DOC [NIST-70NANBH1152] FX This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-FG02-01ER45927 and the U.S. DOC through NIST-70NANBH1152. NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 10 U2 143 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 15 PY 2011 VL 106 IS 15 AR 156407 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.156407 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 757NS UT WOS:000290095000013 PM 21568588 ER PT J AU Evans, MA Fahnenstiel, G Scavia, D AF Evans, Mary Anne Fahnenstiel, Gary Scavia, Donald TI Incidental Oligotrophication of North American Great Lakes SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE POPULATIONS; MUSSEL DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; MICHIGAN PHYTOPLANKTON; AMPHIPOD DIPOREIA; CENTRAL BASIN; ERIE; PHOSPHORUS; SUPERIOR; IMPACTS; HURON AB Phytoplankton production is an important factor in determining both ecosystem stability and the provision of ecosystem goods and services. The expansive and economically important North American Great Lakes are subjected to multiple stressors and understanding their responses to those stresses is important for understanding system-wide ecological controls. Here we show gradual increases in spring silica concentration (an indicator of decreasing growth of the dominant diatoms) in all basins of Lakes Michigan and Huron (USA and Canadian waters) between 1983 and 2008. These changes indicate the lakes have undergone gradual oligotrophication coincident with and anticipated by nutrient management implementation. Slow declines in seasonal drawdown of silica (proxy for seasonal phytoplankton production) also occurred, until recent years, when lake-wide responses were punctuated by abrupt decreases, putting them in the range of oligotrophic Lake Superior. The timing of these dramatic production drops is coincident with expansion of populations of invasive dreissenid mussels, particularly quagga mussels, in each basin. The combined effect of nutrient mitigation and invasive species expansion demonstrates the challenges facing large-scale ecosystems and suggest the need for new management regimes for large ecosystems. C1 [Evans, Mary Anne; Scavia, Donald] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Fahnenstiel, Gary] NOAA, Lake Michigan Field Stn, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. [Fahnenstiel, Gary] Hope Coll, Dept Biol, Holland, MI 49423 USA. [Scavia, Donald] Univ Michigan, Graham Environm Sustainabil Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Evans, MA (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 440 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM mevans@umich.edu OI Evans, Mary Anne/0000-0002-1627-7210; Scavia, Donald/0000-0002-2784-8269 FU NOAA's Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research [NA05NOS4781204]; University of Michigan Graham Sustainability Institute FX The data used are from the USEPA-GLNPO monitoring program and the authors are grateful to all who have worked on this program through its many years. The authors also acknowledge Julie Mida for her work on SLM that stimulated this system-wide assessment. This work was funded in part by Grant No. NA05NOS4781204 from NOAA's Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research and the University of Michigan Graham Sustainability Institute. This work is Coastal Hypoxia Research Program Contribution No. 137 and GLERL Contribution No. 1588. NR 56 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 17 U2 83 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 15 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 8 BP 3297 EP 3303 DI 10.1021/es103892w PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 747SZ UT WOS:000289341300017 PM 21417221 ER PT J AU Petersen, EJ Pinto, RA Zhang, LW Huang, QG Landrum, PF Weber, WJ AF Petersen, Elijah J. Pinto, Roger A. Zhang, Liwen Huang, Qingguo Landrum, Peter F. Weber, Walter J., Jr. TI Effects of Polyethyleneimine-Mediated Functionalization of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Earthworm Bioaccumulation and Sorption by Soils SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS; ECOLOGICAL UPTAKE; EISENIA-FOETIDA; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; ACCUMULATION; DEPURATION; TOXICITY; SYSTEMS AB Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are often modified for different intended potential applications to enhance their aqueous stability or change properties such as surface charge. Such changes may also profoundly impact their environmental behaviors. Herein, we report the effects of modifying C-14-labeled multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with polyetheyleneimine (PEI) surface coatings to render them more stable in solution and to give them positive, negative, or neutral surface charges. These carbon nanotubes were used to test their sorption by soils and uptake and elimination behaviors by earthworms. Sorption results indicate nearly linear sorption isotherms for regular MWCNTs and nonlinear isotherms for modified MWCNTs, indicating that the PEI coatings influenced MWCNT interactions with soils. Nevertheless, there were minimal differences in the sorption results among the different soils for each type of nanotube despite differences in the soil organic carbon and cation exchange capacities. Differences in uptake behaviors by earthworms were not apparent among different types of PEI-MWCNTs and MWCNTs with limited absorption into organism tissues consistently observed. Elimination patterns were well fit with an exponential decay model suggesting that the worms can readily eliminate any accumulated MWCNTs. C1 [Petersen, Elijah J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pinto, Roger A.; Weber, Walter J., Jr.] Univ Michigan, Dept Chem Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Zhang, Liwen; Huang, Qingguo] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Landrum, Peter F.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Petersen, EJ (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Elijah.Petersen@nist.gov; wjwjr@umich.edu RI Petersen, Elijah/E-3034-2013 FU University of Michigan Graham Environmental Sustainability Institute; U.S. EPA [RD833321, R834094] FX We thank Hayley Smithkort for experimental assistance and Dr. Nil Basu for helpful comments on a draft of this manuscript. This work was supported by awards from the University of Michigan Graham Environmental Sustainability Institute and from U.S. EPA grants RD833321 and R834094. Whereas the research described in this article has been funded in part by the US EPA, it has not been subjected to the Agency's required peer and policy review and does not therefore necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. Certain commercial equipment or materials are identified in this article to specify adequately the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 32 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 85 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 15 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 8 BP 3718 EP 3724 DI 10.1021/es103004r PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 747SZ UT WOS:000289341300074 PM 21434629 ER PT J AU Zhang, DX Msadek, R McPhaden, MJ Delworth, T AF Zhang, Dongxiao Msadek, Rym McPhaden, Michael J. Delworth, Tom TI Multidecadal variability of the North Brazil Current and its connection to the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; DECADAL VARIABILITY; SUBTROPICAL CELLS; PACIFIC-OCEAN; CLIMATE; MODEL; ATMOSPHERE; OSCILLATION; SIMULATION AB The North Brazil Current (NBC) connects the North and South Atlantic and is the major pathway for the surface return flow of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). Here, we calculate the NBC geostrophic transport time series based on 5 decades of observations near the western boundary off the coast of Brazil. Results reveal a multidecadal NBC variability that lags Labrador Sea deep convection by a few years. The NBC transport time series is coherent with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation in sea surface temperature, which also has been widely linked to AMOC fluctuations in previous modeling studies. Our results thus suggest that the observed multidecadal NBC transport variability is a useful indicator for AMOC variations. The suggested connection between the NBC and AMOC is assessed in a 700 year control simulation of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's CM2.1 coupled climate model. The model results are in agreement with observations and further demonstrate that the variability of NBC transport is a good index for tracking AMOC variations. Concerning the debate about whether a slowdown of AMOC has already occurred under global warming, the observed NBC transport time series suggests strong multidecadal variability but no significant trend. C1 [Zhang, Dongxiao] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Zhang, Dongxiao; McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Msadek, Rym; Delworth, Tom] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Msadek, Rym] Princeton Univ, AOS Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Zhang, DX (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM dongxiao.zhang@noaa.gov; rym.msadek@noaa.gov; michael.j.mcphaden@noaa.gov; tom.delworth@noaa.gov RI Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014; Msadek, Rym/C-7752-2014; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 OI Msadek, Rym/0000-0003-0450-4815; FU NOAA's Climate Program Office; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA17RJ1232] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the anonymous reviewers for their very helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. This publication was funded by the NOAA's Climate Program Office and the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1232, JISAO publication 1842, and PMEL publication 3659. NR 52 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD APR 15 PY 2011 VL 116 AR C04012 DI 10.1029/2010JC006812 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 751VU UT WOS:000289646600004 ER PT J AU Lupton, J de Ronde, C Sprovieri, M Baker, ET Bruno, PP Italiano, F Walker, S Faure, K Leybourne, M Britten, K Greene, R AF Lupton, John de Ronde, Cornel Sprovieri, Mario Baker, Edward T. Bruno, Pier Paolo Italiano, Franco Walker, Sharon Faure, Kevin Leybourne, Matthew Britten, Karen Greene, Ronald TI Active hydrothermal discharge on the submarine Aeolian Arc (vol 116, B04209, 2011) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Correction C1 [Baker, Edward T.; Walker, Sharon] NOAA, PMEL, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RI Bruno, Pier Paolo /B-8219-2013 OI Bruno, Pier Paolo /0000-0003-2622-3037 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR 15 PY 2011 VL 116 AR B04209 DI 10.1029/2011JB008323 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 751WF UT WOS:000289647700003 ER PT J AU Atha, DH Reipa, V AF Atha, Donald H. Reipa, Vytas TI Development of a quantitative measurement of p53-p53 antibody interactions SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Atha, Donald H.; Reipa, Vytas] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 EI 1538-7445 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD APR 15 PY 2011 VL 71 SU 8 MA 4899 DI 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4899 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA V43SO UT WOS:000209701305216 ER PT J AU Dizdaroglu, M Jaruga, P Reddy, P AF Dizdaroglu, Miral Jaruga, Pawel Reddy, Prasad TI Identification and quantification of DNA repair proteins by liquid chromatography/isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry using 15N-labeled whole proteins as internal standards SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dizdaroglu, Miral; Jaruga, Pawel; Reddy, Prasad] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 EI 1538-7445 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD APR 15 PY 2011 VL 71 SU 8 MA 3891 DI 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3891 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA V43SP UT WOS:000209701403214 ER PT J AU Ryerson, TB Aikin, KC Angevine, WM Atlas, EL Blake, DR Brock, CA Fehsenfeld, FC Gao, RS de Gouw, JA Fahey, DW Holloway, JS Lack, DA Lueb, RA Meinardi, S Middlebrook, AM Murphy, DM Neuman, JA Nowak, JB Parrish, DD Peischl, J Perring, AE Pollack, IB Ravishankara, AR Roberts, JM Schwarz, JP Spackman, JR Stark, H Warneke, C Watts, LA AF Ryerson, T. B. Aikin, K. C. Angevine, W. M. Atlas, E. L. Blake, D. R. Brock, C. A. Fehsenfeld, F. C. Gao, R. -S. de Gouw, J. A. Fahey, D. W. Holloway, J. S. Lack, D. A. Lueb, R. A. Meinardi, S. Middlebrook, A. M. Murphy, D. M. Neuman, J. A. Nowak, J. B. Parrish, D. D. Peischl, J. Perring, A. E. Pollack, I. B. Ravishankara, A. R. Roberts, J. M. Schwarz, J. P. Spackman, J. R. Stark, H. Warneke, C. Watts, L. A. TI Atmospheric emissions from the Deepwater Horizon spill constrain air-water partitioning, hydrocarbon fate, and leak rate SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POWER-PLANT PLUMES; GULF-OF-MEXICO; OIL-SPILL; OZONE FORMATION; TRANSPORT; METHANE AB The fate of deepwater releases of gas and oil mixtures is initially determined by solubility and volatility of individual hydrocarbon species; these attributes determine partitioning between air and water. Quantifying this partitioning is necessary to constrain simulations of gas and oil transport, to predict marine bioavailability of different fractions of the gas-oil mixture, and to develop a comprehensive picture of the fate of leaked hydrocarbons in the marine environment. Analysis of airborne atmospheric data shows massive amounts (similar to 258,000 kg/day) of hydrocarbons evaporating promptly from the Deepwater Horizon spill; these data collected during two research flights constrain air-water partitioning, thus bioavailability and fate, of the leaked fluid. This analysis quantifies the fraction of surfacing hydrocarbons that dissolves in the water column (similar to 33% by mass), the fraction that does not dissolve, and the fraction that evaporates promptly after surfacing (similar to 14% by mass). We do not quantify the leaked fraction lacking a surface expression; therefore, calculation of atmospheric mass fluxes provides a lower limit to the total hydrocarbon leak rate of 32,600 to 47,700 barrels of fluid per day, depending on reservoir fluid composition information. This study demonstrates a new approach for rapid-response airborne assessment of future oil spills. Citation: Ryerson, T. B., et al. (2011), Atmospheric emissions from the Deepwater Horizon spill constrain air-water partitioning, hydrocarbon fate, and leak rate, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L07803, doi:10.1029/2011GL046726. C1 [Ryerson, T. B.; Aikin, K. C.; Angevine, W. M.; Brock, C. A.; Fehsenfeld, F. C.; Gao, R. -S.; de Gouw, J. A.; Fahey, D. W.; Holloway, J. S.; Lack, D. A.; Middlebrook, A. M.; Murphy, D. M.; Neuman, J. A.; Nowak, J. B.; Parrish, D. D.; Peischl, J.; Perring, A. E.; Pollack, I. B.; Ravishankara, A. R.; Roberts, J. M.; Schwarz, J. P.; Spackman, J. R.; Stark, H.; Warneke, C.; Watts, L. A.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Atlas, E. L.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Blake, D. R.; Meinardi, S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Lueb, R. A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Aikin, K. C.; Angevine, W. M.; Fehsenfeld, F. C.; de Gouw, J. A.; Holloway, J. S.; Lack, D. A.; Neuman, J. A.; Nowak, J. B.; Peischl, J.; Perring, A. E.; Pollack, I. B.; Schwarz, J. P.; Spackman, J. R.; Stark, H.; Warneke, C.; Watts, L. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ryerson, TB (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM thomas.b.ryerson@noaa.gov RI Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Angevine, Wayne/H-9849-2013; Aikin, Kenneth/I-1973-2013; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013; Watts, Laurel/G-4532-2013; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Nowak, John/B-1085-2008; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Pollack, Ilana/F-9875-2012; Lack, Daniel/I-9053-2012; Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Perring, Anne/G-4597-2013 OI Angevine, Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116; Watts, Laurel/0000-0002-0834-3329; Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807; Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503 FU NOAA; NASA FX We thank the NOAA Aircraft Operations Center (AOC) staff for their important role in the Gulf flights described here. We also thank S. Walker (NOAA OAR) for surface oil forecasts, J. Farr and C. J. Beegle-Krause (NOAA NOS) for discussions on Macondo reservoir fluid analyses, and P. Carragher and C. Gong (BP) for providing reservoir fluid and flared gas composition data. TR benefited from discussions with C. Sweeney (NOAA OAR), I. Leifer (UC Santa Barbara), and S. Yvon-Lewis (Texas A&M University) regarding oceanographic cruises in response to the DWH incident. Portions of this work were supported by the NOAA Climate Change, Health of the Atmosphere programs and the NASA Radiation Sciences Program. NR 22 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 58 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 14 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L07803 DI 10.1029/2011GL046726 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 751WW UT WOS:000289649400003 ER PT J AU Verdal, N Udovic, TJ Rush, JJ Cappelletti, RL Zhou, W AF Verdal, Nina Udovic, Terrence J. Rush, John J. Cappelletti, Ronald L. Zhou, Wei TI Reorientational Dynamics of the Dodecahydro-closo-dodecaborate Anion in Cs2B12H12 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SPECTROMETER; CRYSTALS; NIST AB Rapid reorientational motions of the B12H122- icosahedral anion, a key intermediate in borohydride dehydrogenation, are revealed by quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) measurements of Cs2B12H12 between 430 and 530 K. At 430 K, over the range of momentum transfers collected, the elastic incoherent structure factor (EISF) is consistent with a model for reorientational jumps about a single molecular axis. At temperatures of 480 K and higher, however, the EISF suggests the emergence of multiaxis reorientation by dynamically similar, independent jumps about two axes, on average, preserving crystallographic order. Alternatively, if one assumes that the anions are undergoing temperature-dependent rotational trapping, then the EISF is also consistent with a jump model involving a temperature-dependent mobile fraction of anions statistically tumbling between discrete crystallographic sites. Although neutron vibrational spectra demonstrate that the anion torsional modes soften dramatically with increasing temperature, the QENS-derived activation energy of 333 meV for reorientation clearly shows that the anions are not undergoing isotropic rotational diffusion. C1 [Verdal, Nina; Udovic, Terrence J.; Rush, John J.; Cappelletti, Ronald L.; Zhou, Wei] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rush, John J.; Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Verdal, N (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nina.verdal@nist.gov RI Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008 OI Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; DOE [DE-AI-01-05EE11104] FX This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. This work was partially supported by the DOE through Award No. DE-AI-01-05EE11104 within the EERE-supported Metal Hydride Center of Excellence. The authors thank Dr. Timothy Jenkins for assistance with data collection on the HFBS spectrometer. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD APR 14 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 14 BP 2933 EP 2938 DI 10.1021/jp200627f PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 746BH UT WOS:000289215500004 PM 21413770 ER PT J AU Marcum, JC Kaufman, SH Weber, JM AF Marcum, Jesse C. Kaufman, Sydney H. Weber, J. Mathias TI Gas-Phase Experiments on Au(III) Photochemistry SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR ORBITAL THEORY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CHLORIDE COMPLEXES; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; METAL COMPLEXES; ENERGY; SPECIATION; DENSITY; GOLD(III); DISPROPORTIONATION AB Irradiation of AuCl4- and AuCl2(OH)(2)(-) in the gas-phase using ultraviolet light (220-415 nm) leads to their dissociation. Observed fragment ions for AuCl4- are AuCl3- and AuCl2- and for AuCl2(OH)(2)(-) are AuCl2- and AuClOH-. All fragment channels correspond to photoreduction of the gold atom to either Au-(II) or Au-(I) depending on the number of neutral ligands lost. Fragment branching ratios of AuCl4- are observed to be highly energy dependent and can be explained by comparison of the experimental data to calculated threshold energies obtained using density functional theory. The main observed spectral features are attributed to ligand-to-metal charge transfer transitions. These results are discussed in the context of the molecular-level mechanisms of Au-(III) photochemistry. C1 [Weber, J. Mathias] Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Weber, JM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM weberjm@jila.colorado.edu RI Weber, J. Mathias/B-1618-2009 OI Weber, J. Mathias/0000-0002-5493-5886 FU National Science Foundation [CHE-0845618] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the National Science Foundation for funding through grant CHE-0845618. NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD APR 14 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 14 BP 3006 EP 3015 DI 10.1021/jp200797v PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 746BH UT WOS:000289215500012 PM 21417481 ER PT J AU Rykaczewski, RR Dunne, JP AF Rykaczewski, Ryan R. Dunne, John P. TI A measured look at ocean chlorophyll trends SO NATURE LA English DT Letter ID COLOR C1 [Rykaczewski, Ryan R.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Rykaczewski, Ryan R.; Dunne, John P.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Rykaczewski, RR (reprint author), Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM rrykacze@ucar.edu RI Dunne, John/F-8086-2012; Rykaczewski, Ryan/A-8625-2016 OI Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489; Rykaczewski, Ryan/0000-0001-8893-872X NR 4 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 29 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD APR 14 PY 2011 VL 472 IS 7342 BP E5 EP E6 DI 10.1038/nature09952 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 749LR UT WOS:000289469100002 PM 21490624 ER PT J AU Pine, PS Rosenzweig, BA Thompson, KL AF Pine, P. Scott Rosenzweig, Barry A. Thompson, Karol L. TI An adaptable method using human mixed tissue ratiometric controls for benchmarking performance on gene expression microarrays in clinical laboratories SO BMC BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RNA REFERENCE SAMPLES; ART. NO. 3; QUALITY; REPRODUCIBILITY; AMPLIFICATION; VALIDATION; SIGNATURE; STANDARDS; ACCURACY; SYSTEMS AB Background: Molecular biomarkers that are based on mRNA transcripts are being developed for the diagnosis and treatment of a number of diseases. DNA microarrays are one of the primary technologies being used to develop classifiers from gene expression data for clinically relevant outcomes. Microarray assays are highly multiplexed measures of comparative gene expression but have a limited dynamic range of measurement and show compression in fold change detection. To increase the clinical utility of microarrays, assay controls are needed that benchmark performance using metrics that are relevant to the analysis of genomic data generated with biological samples. Results: Ratiometric controls were prepared from commercial sources of high quality RNA from human tissues with distinctly different expression profiles and mixed in defined ratios. The samples were processed using six different target labeling protocols and replicate datasets were generated on high density gene expression microarrays. The area under the curve from receiver operating characteristic plots was calculated to measure diagnostic performance. The reliable region of the dynamic range was derived from log(2) ratio deviation plots made for each dataset. Small but statistically significant differences in diagnostic performance were observed between standardized assays available from the array manufacturer and alternative methods for target generation. Assay performance using the reliable range of comparative measurement as a metric was improved by adjusting sample hybridization conditions for one commercial kit. Conclusions: Process improvement in microarray assay performance was demonstrated using samples prepared from commercially available materials and two metrics - diagnostic performance and the reliable range of measurement. These methods have advantages over approaches that use a limited set of external controls or correlations to reference sets, because they provide benchmark values that can be used by clinical laboratories to help optimize protocol conditions and laboratory proficiency with microarray assays. C1 [Pine, P. Scott; Rosenzweig, Barry A.; Thompson, Karol L.] US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. [Pine, P. Scott] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Thompson, KL (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. EM karol.thompson@fda.hhs.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU CDER FX This project was funded in part by the CDER Regulatory Science and Review Enhancement program. The findings and conclusions in this article have not been formally disseminated by the Food and Drug Administration and should not be construed to represent any Agency determination or policy. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1472-6750 J9 BMC BIOTECHNOL JI BMC Biotechnol. PD APR 12 PY 2011 VL 11 AR 38 DI 10.1186/1472-6750-11-38 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 769NB UT WOS:000291020900001 PM 21486464 ER PT J AU Nigam, S Bollasina, M AF Nigam, Sumant Bollasina, Massimo TI Reply to comment by K. M. Lau and K. M. Kim on '"Elevated heat pump' hypothesis for the aerosol-monsoon hydroclimate link: 'Grounded' in observations?" SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Nigam, Sumant] Univ Maryland Coll Pk, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bollasina, Massimo] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Nigam, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland Coll Pk, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 3419 Comp & Space Sci Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM nigam@atmos.umd.edu RI Nigam, Sumant/A-8338-2009 NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 12 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D07204 DI 10.1029/2010JD015246 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 751WG UT WOS:000289647800004 ER PT J AU Yoon, J Lee, HJ Stafford, CM AF Yoon, Joonsung Lee, Hae-Jeong Stafford, Christopher M. TI Thermoplastic Elastomers Based on Ionic Liquid and Poly(vinyl alcohol) SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); GEL ELECTROLYTES; AMORPHOUS PHASE; POLYMER; CRYSTALLIZATION; TEMPERATURE; WATER; COPOLYMER; HYDROGELS AB We report a new kind of thermoplastic elastomer using poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) and a high-melting ionic liquid (IL), 1-ethylpyridinium bromide. Wide angle X-ray scattering results indicate that the IL is highly miscible with PVOH for PVOH-rich mixtures (up to 40% by mass of IL) while IL-rich mixtures exhibit diffraction peaks from IL crystals that are precipitated in the amorphous phase of the mixture. Thermal analysis shows that both the melting temperature (T-m) and the glass transition temperature (T-g) of the "as-cast" mixtures decrease noticeably as It content increases, indicating good miscibility of IL with PVOH. Physical aging of the mixtures for I week at room temperature led to the appearance of a secondary endothermic peak at almost constant temperature irrespective of the mixture composition, suggesting the formation of an IL-PVOH complex. FT-IR analysis shows that the O-H stretching vibration band shifts to higher frequency as IL content increases. This result implies that the IL interacts with the hydroxyl groups of PVOH, forming IL-PVOH complexes that act as physical junctions. The tensile modulus decreases significantly as IL content in the mixture increases, indicating that the IL not only promotes the physical association of PVOH but also acts as a plasticizer. The highly elastic behavior of these mixtures suggests a network structure of PVOH in the presence of IL, in which both the crystalline phase of PVOH and IL-PVOH complexes act as physical cross-links that bridge the IL-swollen PVOH amorphous phase. These observations demonstrate that simple mixtures of a polar polymer and a compatible high-melting ionic liquid can yield thermoplastic elastomers with widely tunable thermal and mechanical properties. C1 [Yoon, Joonsung; Lee, Hae-Jeong; Stafford, Christopher M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stafford, CM (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chris.stafford@nist.gov NR 32 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 6 U2 48 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD APR 12 PY 2011 VL 44 IS 7 BP 2170 EP 2178 DI 10.1021/ma102682k PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 743OR UT WOS:000289028500058 ER PT J AU Kininmonth, S Beger, M Bode, M Peterson, E Adams, VM Dorfman, D Brumbaugh, DR Possingham, HP AF Kininmonth, Stuart Beger, Maria Bode, Michael Peterson, Eric Adams, Vanessa M. Dorfman, Dan Brumbaugh, Daniel R. Possingham, Hugh P. TI Dispersal connectivity and reserve selection for marine conservation SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Marine larvae dispersal; Marine conservation planning; Marine reserves; Connectivity; Marine metapopulation model ID PROTECTED AREAS; CORAL-REEFS; POPULATION CONNECTIVITY; LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY; HABITAT CONNECTIVITY; PROPAGULE DISPERSAL; BARRIER-REEF; PERSISTENCE; NETWORKS; MODEL AB Although larval dispersal is crucial for the persistence of most marine populations, dispersal connectivity between sites is rarely considered in designing marine protected area networks. In particular the role of structural characteristics (known as topology) for the network of larval dispersal routes in the conservation of metapopulations has not been addressed. To determine reserve site configurations that provide highest persistence values with respect to their connectivity characteristics, we model nine connectivity topological models derived from graph theory in a demographic metapopulation model. We identify reserve site configurations that provide the highest persistence values for each of the metapopulation connectivity models. Except for the minimally connected and fully connected populations, we observed two general 'rules of thumb' for optimising the mean life time for all topological models: firstly place the majority of reserves, so that they are neighbours of each other, on the sites where the number of connections between the populations is highest (hub), secondly when the reserves have occupied the majority of the vertices in the hub, then select another area of high connectivity and repeat. If there are no suitable hubs remaining then distribute the remaining reserves to isolated locations optimising contact with non-reserved sites. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kininmonth, Stuart] Australian Inst Marine Sci, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. [Bode, Michael] Univ Melbourne, Appl Environm Decis Anal Grp, Sch Bot, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Peterson, Eric] Univ Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Qld 4556, Australia. [Adams, Vanessa M.] James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Dorfman, Dan] NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, CCMA,Biogeog Branch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Brumbaugh, Daniel R.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Ctr Biodivers & Conservat, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Kininmonth, Stuart; Beger, Maria; Bode, Michael; Possingham, Hugh P.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Ctr Ecol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Kininmonth, Stuart; Beger, Maria; Bode, Michael; Possingham, Hugh P.] Univ Queensland, Commonwealth Res Facil Appl Environm Decis Anal, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Kininmonth, S (reprint author), Australian Inst Marine Sci, Cape Cleveland Rd,PMB 3, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. EM s.kininmonth@aims.gov.au RI Adams, Vanessa/A-3834-2012; Possingham, Hugh/B-1337-2008; Beger, Maria/F-9049-2013; Bode, Michael/A-7116-2009; Kininmonth, Stuart/N-9299-2013; OI Adams, Vanessa/0000-0002-3509-7901; Possingham, Hugh/0000-0001-7755-996X; Beger, Maria/0000-0003-1363-3571; Bode, Michael/0000-0002-5886-4421; Kininmonth, Stuart/0000-0001-9198-3396 FU ARC FX This article arose from a special workshop on marine conservation on Heron Island in 2005. We thank the research facilities staff at Heron Island and especially Emily Nicholson, and Sam Johnston for logistical support. We thank Martin Drechsler and Karin Johst for assistance in the adaption of the mean life time formulae to graph theory. The workshop was funded by various ARC grants to Professor Hugh Possingham. The manuscript was improved significantly from the comments of two anonymous reviewers. NR 82 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 61 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD APR 10 PY 2011 VL 222 IS 7 BP 1272 EP 1282 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.01.012 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 742HL UT WOS:000288932000002 ER PT J AU Knoop, S Schuster, T Scelle, R Trautmann, A Appmeier, J Oberthaler, MK Tiesinga, E Tiemann, E AF Knoop, S. Schuster, T. Scelle, R. Trautmann, A. Appmeier, J. Oberthaler, M. K. Tiesinga, E. Tiemann, E. TI Feshbach spectroscopy and analysis of the interaction potentials of ultracold sodium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; GROUND-STATE ASYMPTOTE; INELASTIC-COLLISIONS; DISSOCIATION-ENERGY; SCATTERING LENGTHS; RELAXATION RATES; BOUND LEVELS; METAL ATOMS; RESONANCES; NA-2 AB We have studied magnetic Feshbach resonances in an ultracold sample of Na prepared in the absolute hyperfine ground state. We report on the observation of three s-, eight d-, and three g-wave Feshbach resonances, including a more precise determination of two known s-wave resonances, and one s-wave resonance at a magnetic field exceeding 200 mT. Using a coupled-channels calculation we have improved the sodium ground-state potentials by taking into account these new experimental data and derived values for the scattering lengths. In addition, a description of the molecular states leading to the Feshbach resonances in terms of the asymptotic-bound-state model is presented. C1 [Knoop, S.; Schuster, T.; Scelle, R.; Trautmann, A.; Appmeier, J.; Oberthaler, M. K.] Heidelberg Univ, Kirchhoff Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Tiesinga, E.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tiesinga, E.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tiemann, E.] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Quantum Opt, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. RP Knoop, S (reprint author), LaserLaB Vrije Univ, Boelelaan 1081, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM s.knoop@vu.nl; tiemann@iqo.uni-hannover.de RI Knoop, Steven/N-6919-2013 OI Knoop, Steven/0000-0002-5090-6295 FU Heidelberg Center of Quantum Dynamics FX We acknowledge the workshop, in particular Morris Weisser, for the construction of our cloverleaf magnetic trap, Wolfgang Ketterle and Christian Sanner for the loan of a 1.7-GHz AOM, and Jian Peng Ang and Rico Pires for sharing their ABM code. We acknowledge support from the Heidelberg Center of Quantum Dynamics. E. Tiemann thanks the cluster of excellence "QUEST" for support and the Minister of Science and Culture of Lower Saxony for providing a Niedersachsenprofessur. NR 46 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR 8 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 4 AR 042704 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.83.042704 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 747JB UT WOS:000289315000008 ER PT J AU Cassidy, AC Clark, CW Rigol, M AF Cassidy, Amy C. Clark, Charles W. Rigol, Marcos TI Generalized Thermalization in an Integrable Lattice System SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TONKS-GIRARDEAU GAS; STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; INFORMATION THEORY AB After a quench, observables in an integrable system may not relax to the standard thermal values, but can relax to the ones predicted by the generalized Gibbs ensemble (GGE) [M. Rigol et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 050405 (2007)]. The GGE has been shown to accurately describe observables in various one-dimensional integrable systems, but the origin of its success is not fully understood. Here we introduce a microcanonical version of the GGE and provide a justification of the GGE based on a generalized interpretation of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis, which was previously introduced to explain thermalization of nonintegrable systems. We study relaxation after a quench of one-dimensional hard-core bosons in an optical lattice. Exact numerical calculations for up to 10 particles on 50 lattice sites (approximate to 10(10) eigenstates) validate our approach. C1 [Cassidy, Amy C.; Clark, Charles W.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rigol, Marcos] Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP Cassidy, AC (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Rigol, Marcos/B-3505-2008; Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009 OI Rigol, Marcos/0000-0002-5806-5873; Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885 FU NSF [PHY-0822671]; NRC/NIST; Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by NSF under Physics Frontier Grant No. PHY-0822671. A. C. C. acknowledges support from NRC/NIST and M. R. acknowledges support from the Office of Naval Research. We thank V. Dunjko, L. Mathey, and M. Olshanii for helpful discussions. NR 27 TC 140 Z9 140 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 8 PY 2011 VL 106 IS 14 AR 140405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.140405 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 747YD UT WOS:000289356300002 PM 21561173 ER PT J AU Lawrence, J Kacker, RN Lei, Y Kuhn, DR Forbes, M AF Lawrence, Jim Kacker, Raghu N. Lei, Yu Kuhn, D. Richard Forbes, Michael TI A Survey of Binary Covering Arrays SO ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF COMBINATORICS LA English DT Article ID EFFICIENT CONSTRUCTIONS; PERMUTATION VECTORS; PATTERN GENERATION; HIGHER STRENGTH; TABU SEARCH; TEST SUITES; N-CUBE; SETS; ALGORITHM; GRAPHS AB Binary covering arrays of strength t are 0-1 matrices having the property that for each t columns and each of the possible 2(t) sequences of t 0's and 1's, there exists a row having that sequence in that set of t columns. Covering arrays are an important tool in certain applications, for example, in software testing. In these applications, the number of columns of the matrix is dictated by the application, and it is desirable to have a covering array with a small number of rows. Here we survey some of what is known about the existence of binary covering arrays and methods of producing them, including both explicit constructions and search techniques. C1 [Lawrence, Jim] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Kacker, Raghu N.; Kuhn, D. Richard] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lei, Yu] Univ Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Forbes, Michael] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Lawrence, J (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM lawrence@gmu.edu; raghu.kacker@nist.gov; ylei@cse.uta.edu; d.kuhn@nist.gov; miforbes@mit.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 86 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF COMBINATORICS PI NEWARK PA C/O FELIX LAZEBNIK, RM 507, EWING HALL, UNIV DELAWARE, DEPT MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES, NEWARK, DE 19716 USA SN 1077-8926 J9 ELECTRON J COMB JI Electron. J. Comb. PD APR 7 PY 2011 VL 18 IS 1 AR P84 PG 30 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 747XE UT WOS:000289353800005 ER PT J AU Garberoglio, G Harvey, AH AF Garberoglio, Giovanni Harvey, Allan H. TI Path-integral calculation of the third virial coefficient of quantum gases at low temperatures SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY CURVE; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; DILUTE HELIUM; ATOM PAIR; HE-4; VALUES; SCALE AB We derive path-integral expressions for the second and third virial coefficients of monatomic quantum gases. Unlike previous work that considered only Boltzmann statistics, we include exchange effects (Bose-Einstein or Fermi-Dirac statistics). We use state-of-the-art pair and three-body potentials to calculate the third virial coefficient of He-3 and He-4 in the temperature range 2.6-24.5561 K. We obtain uncertainties smaller than those of the limited experimental data. Inclusion of exchange effects is necessary to obtain accurate results below about 7 K. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3573564] C1 [Garberoglio, Giovanni] FBK CMM, Interdisciplinary Lab Computat Sci LISC, I-38123 Povo, TN, Italy. [Garberoglio, Giovanni] Univ Trento, I-38123 Povo, TN, Italy. [Harvey, Allan H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Garberoglio, G (reprint author), FBK CMM, Interdisciplinary Lab Computat Sci LISC, Via Sommar 18, I-38123 Povo, TN, Italy. EM garberoglio@fbk.eu OI Garberoglio, Giovanni/0000-0002-9201-2716 NR 38 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 7 PY 2011 VL 134 IS 13 AR 134106 DI 10.1063/1.3573564 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 746OH UT WOS:000289256100006 PM 21476742 ER PT J AU Wheatley, RJ Harvey, AH AF Wheatley, Richard J. Harvey, Allan H. TI Intermolecular potential energy surface and second virial coefficients for the water-CO2 dimer SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CARBON DIOXIDE COMPLEX; EXCESS MOLAR ENTHALPIES; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; INTERNAL-ROTATION; HIGH-TEMPERATURES; GASEOUS MIXTURES; PLUS WATER; GAS-PHASE; 500 BARS; VAPOR AB A five-dimensional potential energy surface is calculated for the interaction of water and CO2, using second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory and coupled-cluster theory with single, double, and perturbative triple excitations. The correlation energy component of the potential energy surface is corrected for basis set incompleteness. In agreement with previous studies, the most negative interaction energy is calculated for a structure with C-2v symmetry, where the oxygen atom of water is close to the carbon atom of CO2. Second virial coefficients for the water-CO2 pair are calculated for a range of temperatures, and their uncertainties are estimated. The virial coefficients are shown to be in close agreement with the available experimental data. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3574345] C1 [Wheatley, Richard J.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Chem, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Harvey, Allan H.] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wheatley, RJ (reprint author), Univ Nottingham, Sch Chem, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. EM Richard.Wheatley@nottingham.ac.uk; aharvey@boulder.nist.gov RI Wheatley, Richard/K-6598-2015 OI Wheatley, Richard/0000-0002-2096-7708 FU National Energy Technology Laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council FX The authors thank E. W. Lemmon for assistance in fitting Eq. (4). Partial financial support for this work was provided by the National Energy Technology Laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy and by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council. NR 46 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 7 PY 2011 VL 134 IS 13 AR 134309 DI 10.1063/1.3574345 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 746OH UT WOS:000289256100021 PM 21476757 ER PT J AU Seidel, DJ Sun, BM Pettey, M Reale, A AF Seidel, Dian J. Sun, Bomin Pettey, Michael Reale, Anthony TI Global radiosonde balloon drift statistics SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article AB The drift of radiosonde balloons during their ascent has generally been considered a negligible factor in applications involving radiosonde observations. However, several applications envisioned for observations from the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) Reference Upper Air Network (GRUAN) require estimates of balloon drift. This study presents a comprehensive global climatology of radiosonde balloon drift distance and ascent time, based on 2 years of data from 419 stations, with particular attention to GRUAN stations. Typical drift distances are a few kilometers in the lower troposphere, similar to 5 km in the midtroposphere, similar to 20 km in the upper troposphere, and similar to 50 km in the lower stratosphere, although there is considerable variability due to variability in climatological winds. Drift distances tend to increase with height above the surface, be larger in midlatitudes than in the tropics, be larger in winter than in summer, and vary with wind (and consequent balloon drift) direction. Most estimates of elapsed time from balloon launch to various pressure levels, due to vertical balloon rise, have median values ranging from about 5 min at 850 hPa to about 1.7 h at 10 hPa, with ranges of about 20% of median values. Observed elapsed times exceed those estimated using assumed 5 or 6 m/s rise rates. C1 [Seidel, Dian J.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Sun, Bomin; Pettey, Michael] IM Syst Grp, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Reale, Anthony] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Seidel, DJ (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM dian.seidel@noaa.gov RI Reale, Tony/F-5621-2010; Sun, Bomin/P-8742-2014 OI Reale, Tony/0000-0003-2150-5246; Sun, Bomin/0000-0002-4872-9349 NR 13 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 7 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D07102 DI 10.1029/2010JD014891 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 747ZN UT WOS:000289359900002 ER PT J AU Yang, M Li, K Su, J Huang, Q Bao, W You, LP Li, ZF Wang, YX Jiang, Y Liao, FH Lin, JH AF Yang, Min Li, Kuo Su, Jie Huang, Q. Bao, Wei You, Liping Li, Zhaofei Wang, Yingxia Jiang, Yu Liao, Fuhui Lin, Jianhua TI Study on the crystal structure of the rare earth oxyborate Yb26B12O57 from powder X-ray and neutron diffraction SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE Rare earth alloys and compounds; Crystal structure; Neutron diffraction; X-ray diffraction; Transmission electron microscopy; Composition fluctuations ID PHASE-TRANSITION; MULLITE; RESONANCE; PROGRAM; WATER; OXIDE AB Yb26B12O57, a rare earth oxyborate previously assigned as Yb3BO6, has been studied by various techniques including neutron and X-ray diffraction, B-11 NMR spectroscopy, electron diffraction and high angle angular dark field-scanning transmission electron microscopy (HADDF-STEM). It crystallizes in the space group C2/m with cell parameters of a = 24.5780(4) angstrom, b = 3.58372(5) angstrom, c = 14.3128(3) A and beta = 115.079(1)degrees. The structure consists of slabs of rare earth sesquioxide and borate groups. The sesquioxide part is identified from the structural refinement, and is observed from HADDF-STEM image, while elucidation of borate groups is not straightforward. An additional oxygen atom (O31), which links two B2O5 groups into a B4O11 polyanion, is identified from the analysis of neutron diffraction data. The occupancy of this oxygen site is only quarter, which results in a random distribution of B4O11 and B2O5 groups along the b-direction. The chemical formula of ytterbium oxyborate is Yb-26(BO3)(4)(B2O5)(2)(B4O11)O-24, instead of the simple stoichiometric formula Yb3BO6. This compound is paramagnetic but its susceptibility deviated from the Curie-Weiss law at low temperature. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yang, Min; Li, Kuo; Su, Jie; Li, Zhaofei; Wang, Yingxia; Jiang, Yu; Liao, Fuhui; Lin, Jianhua] Peking Univ, Coll Chem & Mol Engn, State Key Lab Rare Earth Mat Chem & Applicat, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Huang, Q.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bao, Wei] Renmin Univ China, Dept Phys, Beijing 100872, Peoples R China. [You, Liping] Peking Univ, Electron Microscopy Lab, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Wang, YX (reprint author), Peking Univ, Coll Chem & Mol Engn, State Key Lab Rare Earth Mat Chem & Applicat, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM wangyx@pku.edu.cn; jhlin@pku.edu.cn RI Bao, Wei/E-9988-2011; 石, 源/D-5929-2012; ruc, phy/E-4170-2012 OI Bao, Wei/0000-0002-2105-461X; FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [20821091]; State Science and Technology Commission of China [2010CB833103] FX Financial support was received from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20821091), and the State Science and Technology Commission of China (2010CB833103). NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD APR 7 PY 2011 VL 509 IS 14 BP 4707 EP 4713 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.01.098 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 746JE UT WOS:000289241200011 ER PT J AU Young, K Ouchi, T Banik, A Koch, J Fetcenko, MA Bendersky, LA Wang, K Vaudin, M AF Young, K. Ouchi, T. Banik, A. Koch, J. Fetcenko, M. A. Bendersky, L. A. Wang, K. Vaudin, M. TI Gas atomization of Cu-modified AB(5) metal hydride alloys SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen absorbing materials; Transition metal alloys; Metal hydride electrode; Electrochemical reactions ID HYDROGEN-STORAGE ALLOYS; COMPOSITION-TEMPERATURE HYSTERESIS; LAVES PHASE ALLOYS; NIMH BATTERY APPLICATION; ELECTRODES; CO; SUBSTITUTION; BEHAVIOR; ELEMENTS; AB(2) AB Gas atomization together with a hydrogen annealing process has been proposed as a method to achieve improved low-temperature performance of AB(5) alloy electrodes in Ni/MH batteries and restore the original cycle life which was sacrificed by the incorporation of copper in the alloy formula. While the gas atomization process reduces the lattice constant aspect ratio c/a of the Cu-containing alloys, the addition of a hydrogen annealing step recovers this property, although it is still inferior to the conventionally prepared annealed Cu-free alloy. This observation correlates very well with the cycle life performance. In addition to extending the cycle life of the Cu-containing metal hydride electrode, processing by gas atomization with additional hydrogen annealing improves high-rate, low-temperature, and charge retention performances for both Cu-free and Cu-containing AB5 alloys. The degradation mechanisms of alloys made by different processes through cycling are also discussed. (C) 2011 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Young, K.; Ouchi, T.; Koch, J.; Fetcenko, M. A.] Ovon Battery Co, Energy Convers Devices Inc, Rochester Hills, MI 48309 USA. [Banik, A.] Special Met Corp, Princeton, KY 42445 USA. [Bendersky, L. A.; Wang, K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Vaudin, M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Young, K (reprint author), Ovon Battery Co, Energy Convers Devices Inc, 2983 Waterview Dr, Rochester Hills, MI 48309 USA. EM kwoyoung@yahoo.com RI Wang, Ke/C-8021-2011; Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 35 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD APR 7 PY 2011 VL 509 IS 14 BP 4896 EP 4904 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.01.204 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 746JE UT WOS:000289241200044 ER PT J AU Rosado-Reyes, CM Manion, JA Tsang, W AF Rosado-Reyes, Claudette M. Manion, Jeffrey A. Tsang, Wing TI H Atom Attack on Propene SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID DECOMPOSITION; TEMPERATURE; HYDROGEN; KINETICS; BUTENES AB The reaction of propene (CH(3)CH=CH(2)) with hydrogen atoms has been investigated in a heated single-pulsed shock tube at temperatures between 902 and 1200 K and pressures of 1.5-3.4 bar. Stable products from H atom addition and H abstraction have been identified and quantified by gas chromatography/flame ionization/mass spectrometry. The reaction for the H addition channel involving methyl displacement from propene has been determined relative to methyl displacement from 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (135TMB), leading to a reaction rate, k(H + propene) -> H(2)C=CH(2) + CH(3)) = 4.8 x 10(13) exp(-2081/T) cm(3)/(mol s). The rate constant for the abstraction of the allylic hydrogen atom is determined to be k(H + propene -> CH(2)CH=CH(2) + H(2)) = 6.4 x 10(13) exp(-4168/T) cm(3)/(mol s). The reaction of H + propene has also been directly studied relative to the reaction of H + propyne, and the relationship is found to be log[k(H + propyne -> acetylene + CH(3))/k(H + propene -> ethylene + CH(3))] = (-0.461 +/- 0.041)(1000/T) + (0.44 +/- 0.04). The results showed that the rate constant for the methyl displacement reaction with propene is a factor of 1.05 +/- 0.1 larger than that for propyne near 1000 K. The present results are compared with relevant earlier data on related compounds. C1 [Rosado-Reyes, Claudette M.; Manion, Jeffrey A.; Tsang, Wing] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rosado-Reyes, CM (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD APR 7 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 13 BP 2727 EP 2734 DI 10.1021/jp111476q PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 741ST UT WOS:000288885600007 PM 21405048 ER PT J AU Lander, ME Logsdon, ML Loughlin, TR Van Blaricom, GR AF Lander, Michelle E. Logsdon, Miles L. Loughlin, Thomas R. Van Blaricom, Glenn R. TI Spatial patterns and scaling behaviors of Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) distributions and their environment SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bathymetry; Fractal analysis; Satellite telemetry; Sea surface temperature; Variance ID ANTARCTIC FUR SEALS; BOX-COUNTING METHOD; FRACTAL ANALYSIS; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; ALEUTIAN ISLANDS; SWIMMING TRAJECTORIES; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; MARINE PREDATOR; ELEPHANT SEALS; ECOLOGY AB Fractal geometry and other multi-scale analyses have become popular tools for investigating spatial patterns of animal distributions in heterogeneous environments. In theory, changes in patterns of animal distributions with changes in scale reflect transitions between the controlling influences of one environmental factor or process over another. In an effort to find linkages between Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) and their environment, the objective of this study was to determine if the spatial distribution of Steller sea lions at sea displayed similar scaling properties to the variation of two environmental features, including bathymetry and sea surface temperature (SST). Additionally, distributions of Steller sea lion point patterns were examined with respect to measurements of bathymetric complexity. From February 2000 to May 2004, satellite transmitters were deployed on 10 groups of juvenile Steller sea lions (n=52) at eight different locations within the Aleutian Islands and Gulf of Alaska. Indices of fractal dimension were calculated for each group of sea lions using a unit square box-counting method, whereas indices of bathymetry and SST patchiness were derived by conducting a variance ratio analysis over the same scales. Distributions of Steller sea lions at sea displayed self-similar fractal patterns, suggesting that individuals were distributed in a continuous hierarchical set of clumps within clumps across scales, and foraging behavior was likely influenced by a scale invariant mechanism. Patterns of bathymetric variability also were self-similar, whereas patterns of SST variability were scale dependent and failed to retain self-similar spatial structure at larger scales. These results indicate that the distributions of Steller sea lions at sea were more influenced by bathymetry than SST at the scales examined, but scale-dependent patterns in the distribution of Steller sea lions at sea or linkages with SST may have been apparent if analyses were conducted at finer spatial scales. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lander, Michelle E.; Loughlin, Thomas R.] NMFS, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Lander, Michelle E.; Van Blaricom, Glenn R.] Univ Washington, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Logsdon, Miles L.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Lander, ME (reprint author), NMFS, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Michelle.Lander@noaa.gov; Mlog@u.washington.edu; trlwc@comcast.net; Glennvb@u.washington.edu RI Logger, Satellite/C-1379-2010 FU National Marine Mammal Laboratory (NMML) [782-1532]; University of Washington IACUC [2887-09] FX We thank the entire staff of the Alaska Ecosystems Program at the National Marine Mammal Laboratory (NMML) for all of their assistance and support. J. Benson, A. Greig, L. Delwiche, D. Johnson, and J. Sterling provided valuable assistance with data processing and analysis. We further thank the Sea Mammal Research Unit, the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, and the crews of the M/V Pacific Star, M/V Woldstad, and M/V Tiglax. B. Fadely, J. London, C. Baier, and an anonymous reviewer provided constructive comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by the NMML and conducted under Federal Marine Mammal Permit #782-1532 and University of Washington IACUC #2887-09. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 81 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5193 J9 J THEOR BIOL JI J. Theor. Biol. PD APR 7 PY 2011 VL 274 IS 1 BP 74 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.jtbi.2011.01.015 PG 10 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 734DC UT WOS:000288312400009 PM 21241711 ER PT J AU Guo, YH Wu, H Zhou, W Yu, XB AF Guo, Yanhui Wu, Hui Zhou, Wei Yu, Xuebin TI Dehydrogenation Tuning of Ammine Borohydrides Using Double-Metal Cations SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN STORAGE PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; AMMONIA-BORANE; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; LITHIUM BOROHYDRIDE; ALUMINUM HALIDES; AMIDOBORANES; COMPLEX; ALKALI; MONOAMMONIATE AB The strategy of using double-cations to tune the temperature and purity of dehydrogenation of ammine borohydrides is reported. The first double-cation ammine borohydride, Li2Al(BH4)(5)center dot 6NH(3), which forms a novel structure with ordered arrangement of Al(NH3)(6)(3+) ammine complexes and Li-2(BH4)(5)(3-) complex anions, is found to release over 10.0 wt % hydrogen below 120 degrees C with favorable kinetics and high H-purity (> 99%). C1 [Guo, Yanhui; Yu, Xuebin] Fudan Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Yu, XB (reprint author), Fudan Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. EM yuxuebin@fudan.edu.cn RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; Yu, Xuebin/E-9785-2012 OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [51071047]; Ph. D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China [20090071110053] FX This work was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51071047) and the Ph. D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (20090071110053). We thank Qinfen Gu for assistance in using the Australian Synchrotron Beamline. NR 36 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 49 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2011 VL 133 IS 13 BP 4690 EP 4693 DI 10.1021/ja1105893 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 749TJ UT WOS:000289492700009 PM 21391584 ER PT J AU Russo, D Teixeira, J Kneller, L Copley, JRD Ollivier, J Perticaroli, S Pellegrini, E Gonzalez, MA AF Russo, Daniela Teixeira, Jose Kneller, Larry Copley, John R. D. Ollivier, Jacques Perticaroli, Stefania Pellegrini, Eric Gonzalez, Miguel Angel TI Vibrational Density of States of Hydration Water at Biomolecular Sites: Hydrophobicity Promotes Low Density Amorphous Ice Behavior SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SUPERCOOLED WATER; RAMAN-SPECTRUM; LIQUID WATER; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURES; COHERENT; MOTIONS AB Inelastic neutron scattering experiments and molecular dynamics simulations have been used to investigate the low frequency modes, in the region between 0 and 100 meV, of hydration water in selected hydrophilic and hydrophobic biomolecules. The results show changes in the plasticity of the hydrogen-bond network of hydration water molecules depending on the biomolecular site. At 200 K, the measured low frequency density of states of hydration water molecules of hydrophilic peptides is remarkably similar to that of high density amorphous ice, whereas, for hydrophobic biomolecules, it is comparable to that of low density amorphous ice behavior. In both hydrophilic and hydrophobic biomolecules, the high frequency modes show a blue shift of the libration mode as compared to the room temperature data. These results can be related to the density of water molecules around the biological interface, suggesting that the apparent local density of water is larger in a hydrophilic environment C1 [Russo, Daniela] CNR IOM, Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Teixeira, Jose] CEA Saclay, Lab Leon Brillouin CEA CNRS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Kneller, Larry; Copley, John R. D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kneller, Larry] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ollivier, Jacques; Pellegrini, Eric; Gonzalez, Miguel Angel] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Perticaroli, Stefania] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Chim, Sez Chim Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. RP Russo, D (reprint author), CNR IOM, Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, 6 Rue J Horowitz, BP156, F-38042 Grenoble, France. EM russo@ill.fr RI Gonzalez, Miguel/R-8330-2016 OI Gonzalez, Miguel/0000-0002-3478-0215 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX D.R. thanks ILL and NIST for beam time allocation, and A. Paciaroni and M. Koza for kindly providing their data for comparison. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. A materials supplier is identified in this Article to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 41 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 5 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2011 VL 133 IS 13 BP 4882 EP 4888 DI 10.1021/ja109610f PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 749TJ UT WOS:000289492700045 PM 21405120 ER PT J AU Jeon, SJ Gonsalves, LC Jacobs, JM Rhodes, M Councilman, J Baya, A May, EB Fast, MD AF Jeon, Soo Jin Gonsalves, Lonnie C. Jacobs, John M. Rhodes, Matt Councilman, Jimmy Baya, Ana May, Eric B. Fast, Mark D. TI Short-term infection of striped bass Morone saxatilis with Mycobacterium marinum SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Mycobacteriosis; Striped bass; Gene expression; Interleukin-1 beta; IL-1 beta; Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; TNF-alpha; Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein; Nramp; Transforming growth factor-beta; TGF-beta ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; CHESAPEAKE BAY; TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; ANIMAL-MODEL; NILE TILAPIA; FACTOR-ALPHA; FISH; INTERLEUKIN-1 AB Striped bass Morone saxatilis were studied in order to characterize their immune responses over the short term following challenge with Mycobacterium marinum. The expression of immunity-related genes (IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, Nramp and TGF-beta) quickly increased following infection with M. marinum, but these genes were subsequently down-regulated despite the fact that bacterial counts remained high. The number of monocytes and neutrophils also initially increased at 1 d post-infection. This confirms the importance of these types of cells in initial inflammation and mycobacterial infection in striped bass. The phagocytic index of splenic leukocytes over these same time frames did not change significantly following infection. The discrete window in which inflammatory mechanisms were stimulated in striped bass may be related to the intracellular nature of this pathogen. C1 [Jeon, Soo Jin; Fast, Mark D.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Gonsalves, Lonnie C.; May, Eric B.] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Dept Nat Sci, NOAA Living Marine Resources Cooperat Sci Ctr, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. [Gonsalves, Lonnie C.; Jacobs, John M.; Rhodes, Matt; Councilman, Jimmy; Baya, Ana] NOAA, NOS, CCEHBR, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. [Fast, Mark D.] Univ Prince Edward Isl, Atlantic Vet Coll, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada. RP Fast, MD (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM mfast@upei.ca FU New York State Department of Environmental Conservation; NOAA Living Marine Resources Cooperative Science Center; NOAA\NCCOS Cooperative Oxford Laboratory FX This work was funded through the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, The NOAA Living Marine Resources Cooperative Science Center, and the NOAA\NCCOS Cooperative Oxford Laboratory. We are grateful for the assistance of J. Brush and C. Stine with laboratory assays. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 EI 1616-1580 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD APR 6 PY 2011 VL 94 IS 2 BP 117 EP 124 DI 10.3354/dao02318 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 746OC UT WOS:000289255600004 PM 21648240 ER PT J AU Zhou, HD Choi, ES Li, G Balicas, L Wiebe, CR Qiu, Y Copley, JRD Gardner, JS AF Zhou, H. D. Choi, E. S. Li, G. Balicas, L. Wiebe, C. R. Qiu, Y. Copley, J. R. D. Gardner, J. S. TI Spin Liquid State in the S=1/2 Triangular Lattice Ba3CuSb2O9 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; EXCITATIONS; HEAT AB The synthesis and characterization of Ba3CuSb2O9, which has a layered array of Cu2+ spins in a triangular lattice, are reported. The magnetic susceptibility and neutron scattering experiments of this material show no magnetic ordering down to 0.2 K with a theta(CW) = -55 K. The magnetic specific heat reveals a T-linear dependence with a gamma = 43.4 mJ K-2 mol(-1) below 1.4 K. These observations suggest that Ba3CuSb2O9 is a new quantum spin liquid candidate with a S = 1/2 triangular lattice. C1 [Zhou, H. D.; Choi, E. S.; Li, G.; Balicas, L.; Wiebe, C. R.] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Wiebe, C. R.] Univ Winnipeg, Dept Chem, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada. [Wiebe, C. R.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Chem, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Qiu, Y.; Copley, J. R. D.; Gardner, J. S.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Qiu, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gardner, J. S.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. RP Zhou, HD (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM zhou@magnet.fsu.edu RI Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013; Li, Gang/E-3033-2015; Zhou, Haidong/O-4373-2016 FU State of Florida; DOE-BES [DE-SC0002613]; NSERC of Canada; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672, NSF-DMR-0654118] FX This work is supported by NSF-DMR-0654118 and the State of Florida. L. B. is supported by DOE-BES through award DE-SC0002613. C. R. W. is grateful for support through NSERC of Canada. The neutron work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. NR 22 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 56 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 6 PY 2011 VL 106 IS 14 AR 147204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.147204 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 745VE UT WOS:000289196600004 PM 21561219 ER PT J AU Richter, AG Dergunov, SA Ganus, B Thomas, Z Pingali, SV Urban, V Liu, Y Porcar, L Pinkhassik, E AF Richter, Andrew G. Dergunov, Sergey A. Ganus, Bill Thomas, Zachary Pingali, Sai Venkatesh Urban, Volker Liu, Yun Porcar, Lionel Pinkhassik, Eugene TI Scattering Studies of Hydrophobic Monomers in Liposomal Bilayers: An Expanding Shell Model of Monomer Distribution SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; THIN ORGANIC MATERIALS; POLYMER NANOCAPSULES; VESICLES; MEMBRANES; NANOPORES; SPHERES AB Hydrophobic monomers partially phase separate from saturated lipids when loaded into lipid bilayers in amounts exceeding a 1:1 monomer/lipid molar ratio. This conclusion is based on the agreement between two independent methods of examining the structure of monomer-loaded bilayers. Complete phase separation of monomers from lipids would result in an increase in bilayer thickness and a slight increase in the diameter of liposomes. A homogeneous distribution of monomers within the bilayer would not change the bilayer thickness and would lead to an increase in the liposome diameter. The increase in bilayer thickness, measured by the combination of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), was approximately half of what was predicted for complete phase separation. The increase in liposome diameter, measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS), was intermediate between values predicted for a homogeneous distribution and complete phase separation. Combined SANS, SAXS, and DLS data suggest that at a 1.2 monomer/lipid ratio approximately half of the monomers are located in an interstitial layer sandwiched between lipid sheets. These results expand our understanding of using self-assembled bilayers as scaffolds for the directed covalent assembly of organic nanomaterials. In particular, the partial phase separation of monomers from lipids corroborates the successful creation of nanothin polymer materials with uniform imprinted nanopores. Pore-forming templates do not need to span the lipid bilayer to create a pore in the bilayer-templated films. C1 [Dergunov, Sergey A.; Ganus, Bill; Thomas, Zachary; Pinkhassik, Eugene] Memphis State Univ, Inst Nanomat Dev & Innovat, INDIUM, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Dergunov, Sergey A.; Ganus, Bill; Thomas, Zachary; Pinkhassik, Eugene] Memphis State Univ, Dept Chem, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Richter, Andrew G.] Valparaiso Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Liu, Yun] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Porcar, Lionel] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Pingali, Sai Venkatesh; Urban, Volker] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Struct Mol Biol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Liu, Yun] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pinkhassik, E (reprint author), Memphis State Univ, Inst Nanomat Dev & Innovat, INDIUM, 213 Smith Chem Bldg, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. EM epnkhssk@memphis.edu RI Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Urban, Volker/N-5361-2015; Dergunov, Sergey/O-6287-2014; OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Urban, Volker/0000-0002-7962-3408; Dergunov, Sergey/0000-0001-6668-6445; Pingali, Sai Venkatesh/0000-0001-7961-4176 FU NSF [CHE-1012951, CHE-0349315]; NIH [1R01HL079147-01]; FedEx Institute of Technology; CIBA foundation; Office of Biological and Environmental Research; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division FX This work was supported by NSF (CHE-1012951 and CHE-0349315) and NIH (1R01HL079147-01) grants, the FedEx Institute of Technology Innovation Award, and a CIBA foundation gift. SANS studies at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Center for Structural Molecular Biology were supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research, using facilities supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. V.U. acknowledges support by the U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD APR 5 PY 2011 VL 27 IS 7 BP 3792 EP 3797 DI 10.1021/la1050942 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 742UO UT WOS:000288970900074 PM 21391646 ER PT J AU Byron, C Link, J Costa-Pierce, B Bengtson, D AF Byron, Carrie Link, Jason Costa-Pierce, Barry Bengtson, David TI Modeling ecological carrying capacity of shellfish aquaculture in highly flushed temperate lagoons SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Carrying capacity; Aquaculture; Shellfish; Modeling; Ecopath; Lagoons ID SUSPENSION-FEEDING BIVALVES; RHODE-ISLAND; COASTAL LAGOON; FOOD-WEB; SUBMERGED MACROPHYTES; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; BENTHIC COMMUNITY; NARRAGANSETT BAY; EASTERN CHANNEL; TROPHIC NETWORK AB Lagoons are some of the most productive systems on the planet not only for aquaculture, but for fisheries, recreation, and as nurseries for many important species. These systems are also highly susceptible to degradation. Aquaculture is a rapidly increasing industry capable of impacting these sensitive systems. Dense human populations and intensive multiple uses of ecologically sensitive coastal waters have forced resource managers to evaluate the impact of expanding shellfish aquaculture to ensure sustainable development. A mass-balance ecosystem model of highly flushed temperate lagoons in Rhode Island. USA was constructed to calculate the ecological carrying capacity for shellfish aquaculture. Cultured oyster biomass is currently 12 t km(-2) live weight and could be increased to 62 times this value before exceeding the ecological carrying capacity of 722 t km(-2). The lagoons were found to be a detritus-dominated system with high energy throughput which may permit the high capacity of the system for additional shellfish biomass allowing managers to consider expansion of shellfish aquaculture to densities much higher than comparatively oligotrophic systems could support. Managing by ecological carrying capacity follows an Ecological Approach to Aquaculture by maintaining ecological integrity and the sustainability of the aquaculture industry as well as other human uses of the lagoon system. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Byron, Carrie; Costa-Pierce, Barry; Bengtson, David] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Fisheries Anim & Vet Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Byron, Carrie] Gulf Maine Res Inst, Portland, ME 04101 USA. [Link, Jason] NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Costa-Pierce, Barry] Univ Rhode Isl, Rhode Isl Sea Grant Coll Program, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Byron, C (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Fisheries Anim & Vet Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM carriebyron@my.uri.edu; jason.link@noaa.gov; bcp@gso.uri.edu; bengtson@uri.edu RI Byron, Carrie/B-6606-2014 OI Byron, Carrie/0000-0003-3820-7392 FU NOAA National Marine Aquaculture Initiative [NA08OAR4170838]; NSF IGERT [DGE-0504103]; John Wald Science Grant FX Robert Rheault, David Beutel and David Alves provided valuable assistance. This work was possible through the cooperation and support of all the agencies and labs that shared data used to parameterize the model. This work was funded by the NOAA National Marine Aquaculture Initiative #NA08OAR4170838, NSF IGERT #DGE-0504103, and a John Wald Science Grant. NR 103 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 6 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD APR 4 PY 2011 VL 314 IS 1-4 BP 87 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.02.019 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 752OX UT WOS:000289703100015 ER PT J AU Ostrowski, AD Watanabe, WO Montgomery, FP Rezek, TC Shafer, TH Morris, JA AF Ostrowski, Andrew D. Watanabe, Wade O. Montgomery, Frank P. Rezek, Troy C. Shafer, Thomas H. Morris, James A., Jr. TI Effects of salinity and temperature on the growth, survival, whole body osmolality, and expression of Na+/K+ ATPase mRNA in red porgy (Pagrus pagrus) larvae SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Red porgy; Temperature; Salinity; Larval rearing; Expression of Na+/K+ ATPase mRNA ID YOLK-SAC LARVAE; FLOUNDER PARALICHTHYS-LETHOSTIGMA; BASS CENTROPRISTIS-STRIATA; EARLY-LIFE STAGES; SOUTHERN FLOUNDER; SUMMER FLOUNDER; HIPPOGLOSSUS-HIPPOGLOSSUS; OSMOREGULATORY ABILITY; ENVIRONMENTAL SALINITY; GILTHEAD SEABREAM AB Atlantic red porgy, Pagrus pagrus, is an important reef fish species in the Mediterranean and the snapper-grouper complex off the southeastern United States. Red porgy is a viable candidate for aquaculture with high market value and the ability to spawn freely in captivity. The objective of this study was to examine the combined effects of temperature and salinity on eggs, yolk-sac larvae, and early feeding-stage larvae of red porgy to day 16 post-hatching (d16ph). To determine the optimal temperature and salinity conditions for culture, embryos were reared under four temperatures (17,19,21, and 23 degrees C) and two salinities (24 and 34 g/L) in a 4x2 factorial design. Significant effects of temperature and salinity on growth (notochord length, wet and dry weight), survival, whole body osmolality, and expression of Na+/K+ ATPase were observed with minimal interactive effects. Under both salinities, growth increased with increasing temperature. On d16ph, wet weights at 21 and 23 degrees C (2.03 and 2.91 mg, respectively) were significantly higher than at 17 and 19 degrees C (0.20 and 0.69 mg). Salinity had no effect on growth at any temperature, but had a significant effect on survival to d16ph, with greater survival at 24 g/L (18.4%) than at 34 g/L (6.77%). Salinity significantly affected whole body osmolality on d2ph and d11ph, with 24 g/L having lower whole body osmolality than 34 g/L on both days. Temperature significantly affected whole body osmolality on d6ph, with no clear trends and on d17ph, with 17 degrees C (534 mOsm/kg) higher than all the higher temperatures (396-411 mOsm/kg). After increasing each tank to 44 g/L to create a sublethal salinity challenge on d16ph, larvae from 34 g/L treatments did not show an increase in levels of Na+/K+ ATPase mRNA after 24 or 48 h post transfer. However, fish in the 24 g/L treatments showed a significant increase in expression of Na+/K+ ATPase mRNA after 24 h followed by a decrease after 48 h. Within the ranges tested, a temperature of 23 degrees C and a salinity of 24 g/L appear to be optimal for culture of red porgy embryos, yolk-sac, and first-feeding stage larvae to d16ph. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ostrowski, Andrew D.; Watanabe, Wade O.; Montgomery, Frank P.; Rezek, Troy C.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Shafer, Thomas H.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Morris, James A., Jr.] NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Watanabe, WO (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, 601 S Coll Rd, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. EM watanabew@uncw.edu FU USDA-NIFA; North Carolina Fisheries Resource Grant Program [06-AM-02]; NOAA; National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science FX This research was funded by grants from the USDA-NIFA, North Carolina Fisheries Resource Grant Program (Grant # 06-AM-02), the NOAA Marine Aquaculture Program, and the National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science. We thank P. Carroll, C. Bentley, A. Myers, D. Allen, W. Wright-Moore, T. Gibson, C. McDougall, J. Jenkins, and D. Cerino for technical assistance, Drs. J. Burke, J. Blum, and F. Scharf for helpful advice, and P. Marraro, J. Smith, and E. Williams for their reviews and comments on this manuscript. NR 75 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 EI 1873-5622 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD APR 4 PY 2011 VL 314 IS 1-4 BP 193 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.02.010 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 752OX UT WOS:000289703100029 ER PT J AU Galimany, E Ramon, M Ibarrola, I AF Galimany, Eve Ramon, Montserrat Ibarrola, Irrintzi TI Feeding behavior of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (L.) in a Mediterranean estuary: A field study SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Mussels; Bivalve physiology; In situ experiment; Alfacs Bay; Seston ID CERASTODERMA-EDULE L; IN-SITU METHOD; FILTRATION-RATES; ABSORPTION EFFICIENCY; SUSPENSION FEEDERS; BIVALVE MOLLUSKS; CLEARANCE RATE; NW SPAIN; GROWTH; SESTON AB The feeding behavior of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis was investigated in the field on top of a mussel raft in Alfacs Bay, NW Mediterranean Sea. The experiments were performed in November 2006 and February, April and July 2007 using a flow-through filter feeding device. Total particulate matter (TPM), particulate organic matter (POM) and particulate inorganic matter (PIM) were calculated for the bay water, as well as the feces and pseudofeces of the mussels. These were used with the biodeposition method to estimate several feeding-physiological parameters, such as the clearance rate (CR), rejection rate through pseudofeces production (RP), organic ingestion rate (OIR), absorption rate (AR) and absorption efficiency (AE). The results showed that the characteristics of available suspended matter for mussels in terms of particle concentration (TPM: mg/l) and organic content (f defined as POM/TPM) ranged 1.03-2.30 mg/l, and 0.48 to 0.73 respectively throughout the study period. This indicates a rather stable feeding environment of low concentrations of high organic content particles despite the wide range of temperatures recorded (from 10 to 26 degrees C). However, a characteristic of such a variation pattern of particle suspension (TPM and f) was that short-term variations (in the course of days) covered the whole range of annual variation. Accordingly, physiological parameters characterizing both food acquisition and absorption in mussels were found to respond to short-term variations in food regime. Pseudofeces production in mussels was low (less than 5% in most cases) and they tended to reduce their clearance rate instead of increasing their pseudofeces production in response to rising particle concentration. The absorption efficiency was positively related to the organic content of the seston particles. There was also a positive correlation between clearance rate and absorption efficiency. The reduction of clearance, ingestion and absorption rates obtained in July highlights a negative influence of high water temperatures upon feeding and digestive processes of mussels. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Galimany, Eve; Ramon, Montserrat] ICM CSIC, Barcelona 08003, Spain. [Ramon, Montserrat] IEO Ctr Oceanog Balears, Palma De Mallorca 07015, Spain. [Ibarrola, Irrintzi] Univ Basque Country, Dpto Genet Antropol Fis & Fisiol Anim, Fac Ciencia & Tecnol, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain. RP Galimany, E (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 212 Rogers Ave, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM eva.galimany.sanroma@noaa.gov FU Centre de Referenda en Aquicultura of the Generalitat de Catalunya; Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA); Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaria (IRTA); [RTA04-023 INIA] FX This study has been partially financed by the RTA04-023 INIA research project and the Centre de Referenda en Aquicultura of the Generalitat de Catalunya. The first author was supported by a grant co-financed by the Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) and the Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaria (IRTA). We would like to thank Xavier Mas, Xavier Leal and David Pina from ICM-CSIC for their advice and help during the construction of the flow-through devices. We would also like to acknowledge J. M. Reverte, Vanesa Castan and Esther Damaso for their help during the field work. NR 49 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD APR 4 PY 2011 VL 314 IS 1-4 BP 236 EP 243 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.01.035 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 752OX UT WOS:000289703100035 ER PT J AU Dias, NL Garg, A Reddy, U Young, JD Verma, VB Mirin, RP Coleman, JJ AF Dias, N. L. Garg, A. Reddy, U. Young, J. D. Verma, V. B. Mirin, R. P. Coleman, J. J. TI Directed self-assembly of InAs quantum dots on nano-oxide templates SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SELECTIVE-AREA EPITAXY; GROWTH; MOCVD AB We describe the growth and characterization of InAs quantum dots on SiO2 patterned GaAs by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. Arrays of quantum dots with densities as high as 1.8 x 10(10) cm(-2) fabricated by electron beam lithography are demonstrated. A process consisting of dry and wet etching to minimize etch damage is developed. As the mask diameter increases, the nucleation transitions from single dots to multidot clusters. We achieve more uniform size and shape distributions of dots on patterned regions relative to unpatterned dots as revealed by structural characterization and room temperature photoluminescence emission spectra. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3579253] C1 [Dias, N. L.; Garg, A.; Reddy, U.; Young, J. D.; Coleman, J. J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Verma, V. B.; Mirin, R. P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Dias, NL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1406 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM ndiasan2@illinois.edu RI Coleman, James/C-9703-2011; OI Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center; National Science Foundation [ECCS 08-21979] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center and the National Science Foundation (Grant No. ECCS 08-21979). NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 4 PY 2011 VL 98 IS 14 AR 141112 DI 10.1063/1.3579253 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 747CL UT WOS:000289297800012 ER PT J AU Yan, YG Wong-Ng, W Kaduk, JA Tan, GJ Xie, WJ Tang, XF AF Yan, Y. G. Wong-Ng, W. Kaduk, J. A. Tan, G. J. Xie, W. J. Tang, X. F. TI Correlation of thermoelectric and microstructural properties of p-type CeFe4Sb12 melt-spun ribbons using a rapid screening method SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We have demonstrated the effect of gradients in phase composition and microstructure of p-type CeFe4Sb12 melt-spun ribbons on Seebeck coefficient by using a thermoelectric (TE) screening tool in conjunction with x-ray diffraction. The spatial Seebeck coefficient variation was found to correlate with the changes in the phase composition and microstructure. The observed gradient was the result of a postannealing effect caused by the thermal lag between the contact surface with the roller and the free surface. Our results illustrate the application of our screening tool to the three-dimensional variation in Seebeck coefficient in a model TE material. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3570690] C1 [Yan, Y. G.; Tan, G. J.; Xie, W. J.; Tang, X. F.] Wuhan Univ Technol, State Key Lab Adv Technol Mat Synth & Proc, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Yan, Y. G.; Wong-Ng, W.] NIST, Funct Properties Grp, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kaduk, J. A.] Poly Crystallog Inc, Naperville, IL 60540 USA. RP Yan, YG (reprint author), Wuhan Univ Technol, State Key Lab Adv Technol Mat Synth & Proc, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China. EM tangxf@whut.edu.cn RI XIE, WENJIE/G-5049-2011; Tan, Gangjian/M-3509-2014 OI XIE, WENJIE/0000-0003-1826-7574; Tan, Gangjian/0000-0002-9087-4048 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2007CB607501]; Natural Science Foundation of China [50672118, 50731006]; 111 Project [B07040] FX This work was partially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB607501) and the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50672118 and 50731006) along with 111 Project (Grant No. B07040). NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 4 PY 2011 VL 98 IS 14 AR 142106 DI 10.1063/1.3570690 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 747CL UT WOS:000289297800041 ER PT J AU Gerrodette, T Rojas-Bracho, L AF Gerrodette, Tim Rojas-Bracho, Lorenzo TI Estimating the success of protected areas for the vaquita, Phocoena sinus SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Gulf of California porpoise; Phocoena sinus; bycatch; conservation plan; Bayesian population model; marine protected area; critically endangered species ID POPULATION-SIZE; HECTORS DOLPHIN; LIFE-HISTORY; CONSERVATION; BYCATCH; EXTINCTION; FISHERIES; CETACEANS; UNCERTAINTY; CALIFORNIA AB P>Bycatch in artisanal gill nets threatens the vaquita, Phocoena sinus, with extinction. In 2008 the Mexican government announced a conservation action plan for this porpoise, with three options for a protected area closed to gill net fishing. The probability of success of each of the three options was estimated with a Bayesian population model, where success was defined as an increase in vaquita abundance after 10 yr. The model was fitted to data on abundance, bycatch, and fishing effort, although data were sparse and imprecise. Under the first protected area option, the existing Refuge Area for the Protection of the Vaquita, bycatch was about 7% of population size, and probability of success was 0.08. Under the second option with a larger protected area, the probability of success was 0.35. The third option was large enough to eliminate vaquita bycatch and had a probability of success > 0.99. Probability of success was reduced if elimination of vaquita bycatch was delayed or incomplete. Despite considerable efforts by the Mexican government to support vaquita conservation, abundance will probably continue to decline unless additional measures to reduce vaquita bycatch are taken, such as banning gill nets within the vaquita's range and developing effective alternative fishing gear. C1 [Gerrodette, Tim] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Rojas-Bracho, Lorenzo] Ctr Invest Cient & Educ Super Ensenada, Inst Nacl Ecol, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. RP Gerrodette, T (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 3333 N Torrey Pines Court, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM tim.gerrodette@noaa.gov FU Natural Resources Defense Council FX We thank J. Barlow, D. Goodman, Y. Jiao, L. Schwartz, and B. Taylor for comments on earlier versions of the paper, P. Gerrodette for proofreading, and A. Jaramillo, L. Fueyo, J. Campoy, G. Cardenas, E. Peters, and A. Fernandez for their support. The 2009 aerial panga counts were funded by the Natural Resources Defense Council. The analysis benefitted from discussions with G. Watters about modeling issues and with F. Archer about programming issues. We particularly thank reviewer J. Moore, whose comments led to substantial improvements in modeling vaquita bycatch. NR 52 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 7 U2 69 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2011 VL 27 IS 2 BP E101 EP E125 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2010.00449.x PG 25 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 749KU UT WOS:000289465900007 ER PT J AU Gerrodette, T Taylor, BL Swift, R Rankin, S Jaramillo-Legorreta, AM Rojas-Bracho, L AF Gerrodette, Tim Taylor, Barbara L. Swift, Rene Rankin, Shannon Jaramillo-Legorreta, Armando M. Rojas-Bracho, Lorenzo TI A combined visual and acoustic estimate of 2008 abundance, and change in abundance since 1997, for the vaquita, Phocoena sinus SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE trend in abundance; endangered species; line transect; acoustic trackline detection probability; conservation; Phocoena sinus; vaquita abundance ID SHOW NEGLIGIBLE TREND; STATISTICAL TEST; POPULATION AB P>A line-transect survey for the critically endangered vaquita, Phocoena sinus, was carried out in October-November 2008, in the northern Gulf of California, Mexico. Areas with deeper water were sampled visually from a large research vessel, while shallow water areas were covered by a sailboat towing an acoustic array. Total vaquita abundance in 2008 was estimated to be 245 animals (CV = 73%, 95% CI 68-884). The 2008 estimate was 57% lower than the 1997 estimate, an average rate of decline of 7.6%/yr. Bayesian analyses found an 89% probability of decline in total population size during the 11 yr period, and a 100% probability of decline in the central part of the range. Acoustic detections were assumed to represent porpoises with an average group size of 1.9, the same as visual sightings. Based on simultaneous visual and acoustic data in a calibration area, the probability of detecting vaquitas acoustically on the trackline was estimated to be 0.41 (CV = 108%). The Refuge Area for the Protection of the Vaquita, where gill net fishing is currently banned, contained approximately 50% of the population. While animals move in and out of the Refuge Area, on average half of the population remains exposed to bycatch in artisanal gill nets. C1 [Gerrodette, Tim; Taylor, Barbara L.; Rankin, Shannon] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Swift, Rene] Univ St Andrews, Scottish Oceans Inst, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. [Jaramillo-Legorreta, Armando M.; Rojas-Bracho, Lorenzo] CICESE, Inst Nacl Ecol SEMARNAT, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. RP Gerrodette, T (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 3333 N Torrey Pines Court, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM tim.gerrodette@noaa.gov FU Vaquita Expedition; Instituto Nacional de Ecologia of the Secretaria de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (SEMARNAT); National Marine Fisheries Service of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Pacific Life Foundation and the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission FX We would like to thank the funders of the Vaquita Expedition 2008: Instituto Nacional de Ecologia of the Secretaria de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (SEMARNAT), National Marine Fisheries Service of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the Pacific Life Foundation and the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission, with in-kind support from the NOAA Alaska and Northeast Science Centers. We thank the Mexican Navy (SEMAR), Angelica Narvaez (US Embassy), Drs. Adrian Fernandez and Eduardo Peters (INE) for their support to all vaquita research; Dr. Martin Vargas (DGVS-SEMARNAT) and Jose Campoy for helping with the permit process; PROFEPA staff in San Felipe for support; Tim Ragen (MMC) for always supporting our research. Special thanks to Dr. Lisa Ballance for keeping the cruise alive and to Annette Henry and Lynn Evans for cruise logistics support. We are indebted to the officers and crew of NOAA RV David Starr Jordan and the primary team of scientists for the visual survey: Cornelia Oedekoeven, Robert Pitman, Ernesto Vazquez, Dawn Breese, Jay Barlow, Todd Pusser, Anna Hall, Chris Hall, Brenda Rone, BLT, LRB, Sarah Mesnick, Candice Hall, and Tracey Regan. We thank the following scientists for assistance with the acoustic work: Denise Risch, Gustavo Cardenas, Rodrigo Olson, Steve Brown, Jay Barlow, Nick Trigenza, Aly Fleming, Douglas Gillespie, and Jonathan Gordon. Vaquita Express finances were organized by the Intercultural Center for the Study of Deserts and Oceans (CEDO). The manuscript was substantially improved by the constructive comments of Len Thomas. NR 41 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 52 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2011 VL 27 IS 2 BP E79 EP E100 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2010.00438.x PG 22 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 749KU UT WOS:000289465900006 ER PT J AU Cheng, YJ Zeiger, DN Howarter, JA Zhang, XR Lin, NJ Antonucci, JM Lin-Gibson, S AF Cheng, Ya-Jun Zeiger, Diana N. Howarter, John A. Zhang, Xinran Lin, Nancy J. Antonucci, Joseph M. Lin-Gibson, Sheng TI In situ formation of silver nanoparticles in photocrosslinking polymers SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART B-APPLIED BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE antimicrobial; bacterial adherence; dental/craniofacial material; FTIR; mechanical properties ID ANTIBACTERIAL; RESIN; NANOCOMPOSITES; COMPOSITES; COATINGS; IMPLANT; SYSTEMS; ARRAYS AB Nanocomposites of cross-linked methacrylate polymers with silver nanoparticles have been synthesized by coupling photoinitiated free radical polymerization of dimethacrylates with in situ silver ion reduction. A polymerizable methacrylate bearing a secondary amino functional group was used to increase the solubility of the silver salt in the hydrophobic resin system. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed that the silver ion reduction had no significant effect on the degree of vinyl conversion of the methacrylate. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements showed an increased silver concentration at the composite surface compared to the expected concentration based on the total amount of silver salt added. Furthermore, the surface silver concentration leveled off when the silver salt mass fractions were 0.08% or greater. Composites with low concentrations of silver salt (< 0.08% by mass) exhibited comparable mechanical properties to those containing no silver. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed that the silver nanoparticles formed within the polymer matrix were nanocrystalline in nature and primarily approximate to 3 nm in diameter, with some large particle aggregates. Composites containing silver nanoparticles were shown to reduce bacterial colonization with as little as 0.03% (by mass) silver salt, while additional amounts of silver salt did not further decrease their surface colonization. With a substantial effect on bacterial growth and minimal effects on mechanical properties, the in situ formation of silver nanoparticles within methacrylate materials is a promising technique for synthesizing antibacterial nanocomposites for biomedical applications. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 978: 124-131, 2011. C1 [Cheng, Ya-Jun; Zeiger, Diana N.; Howarter, John A.; Zhang, Xinran; Lin, Nancy J.; Antonucci, Joseph M.; Lin-Gibson, Sheng] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lin-Gibson, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM slgibson@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Zhang, Xinran/D-2908-2014; OI Cheng, Ya-Jun/0000-0002-0932-295X FU National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) [Y1-DE-7005-01] FX Contract grant sponsor: National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR); contract grant number: Y1-DE-7005-01 NR 33 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1552-4973 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES B JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B PD APR PY 2011 VL 97B IS 1 BP 124 EP 131 DI 10.1002/jbm.b.31793 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 735KT UT WOS:000288413900014 PM 21290590 ER PT J AU Perlwitz, J AF Perlwitz, Judith TI ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE Tug of war on the jet stream SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab,Phys Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Perlwitz, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab,Phys Sci Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM judith.perlwitz@noaa.gov RI Perlwitz, Judith/B-7201-2008 OI Perlwitz, Judith/0000-0003-4061-2442 NR 8 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD APR PY 2011 VL 1 IS 1 BP 29 EP 31 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 805HS UT WOS:000293718100017 ER PT J AU Spiering, MJ Urban, LA Nuss, DL Gopalan, V Stoltzfus, A Eisenstein, E AF Spiering, Martin J. Urban, Lori A. Nuss, Donald L. Gopalan, Vivek Stoltzfus, Arlin Eisenstein, Edward TI Gene identification in black cohosh (Actaea racemosa L.): expressed sequence tag profiling and genetic screening yields candidate genes for production of bioactive secondary metabolites SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE Black cohosh; Actaea racemosa; Cimicifuga racemosa; Ranunculaceae; Natural products; Serotonin ID BREAST-CANCER CELLS; CIMICIFUGA-RACEMOSA; MENOPAUSAL SYMPTOMS; TRYPTOPHAN DECARBOXYLASE; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; SEROTONIN BIOSYNTHESIS; INHIBITS PROLIFERATION; TRITERPENE GLYCOSIDES; EXTRACT BNO-1055; PROSTATE-CANCER AB Black cohosh (Actaea racemosa L., syn. Cimicifuga racemosa, Nutt., Ranunculaceae) is a popular herb used for relieving menopausal discomforts. A variety of secondary metabolites, including triterpenoids, phenolic dimers, and serotonin derivatives have been associated with its biological activity, but the genes and metabolic pathways as well as the tissue distribution of their production in this plant are unknown. A gene discovery effort was initiated in A. racemosa by partial sequencing of cDNA libraries constructed from young leaf, rhizome, and root tissues. In total, 2,066 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were assembled into 1,590 unique genes (unigenes). Most of the unigenes were predicted to encode primary metabolism genes, but about 70 were identified as putative secondary metabolism genes. Several of these candidates were analyzed further and full-length cDNA and genomic sequences for a putative 2,3 oxidosqualene cyclase (CAS1) and two BAHD-type acyltransferases (ACT1 and HCT1) were obtained. Homology-based PCR screening for the central gene in plant serotonin biosynthesis, tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC), identified two TDC-related sequences in A. racemosa. CAS1, ACT1, and HCT1 were expressed in most plant tissues, whereas expression of TDC genes was detected only sporadically in immature flower heads and some very young leaf tissues. The cDNA libraries described and assorted genes identified provide initial insight into gene content and diversity in black cohosh, and provide tools and resources for detailed investigations of secondary metabolite genes and enzymes in this important medicinal plant. C1 [Spiering, Martin J.; Eisenstein, Edward] Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Fischell Dept Bioengn, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Nuss, Donald L.] Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Dept Mol Genet & Cell Biol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Gopalan, Vivek; Stoltzfus, Arlin] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Eisenstein, E (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Fischell Dept Bioengn, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM eisenstein@umd.edu RI Stoltzfus, Arlin/D-8551-2011; OI Stoltzfus, Arlin/0000-0002-0963-1357; Spiering, Martin/0000-0002-9160-5296 FU United States Department of Agriculture [USDA 2008-38922-19537]; Appalachian Center for Ethnobotanical Studies FX We thank Amy Cheng, Navneet Singh, Sreya Sinha, and Vesna Atanasova for assistance and technical support and Sunitha Jagadeeswaran for help with the plant maintenance. This work was supported by United States Department of Agriculture Grant USDA 2008-38922-19537 and the Appalachian Center for Ethnobotanical Studies. The identification of specific commercial software products in this paper is for the purpose of specifying a protocol, and does not imply a recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 73 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD APR PY 2011 VL 30 IS 4 BP 613 EP 629 DI 10.1007/s00299-010-0979-5 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 735ES UT WOS:000288396800015 PM 21188383 ER PT J AU Gao, ST Li, XF AF Gao, Shouting Li, Xiaofan TI Can water vapour process data be used to estimate precipitation efficiency? SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE rainfall source; cloud-resolving model ID VERTICAL WIND SHEAR; DEEP CONVECTIVE REGIME; CLOUD-RESOLVING MODEL; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; TROPICAL CONVECTION; FRONTAL RAINBANDS; SQUALL LINE; TOGA COARE; RAINFALL; SIMULATIONS AB The precipitation efficiencies (RMPE, CMPE, and LSPE) can be defined as the ratio of rain rate to rainfall sources in the rain microphysical budget, the cloud microphysical budget, and the surface rainfall budget, respectively. The estimate of RMPE from grid-scale data serves as the true precipitation efficiency since the rain rate is a diagnostic term in the tropical rain microphysical budget. The accuracy of precipitation efficiency estimates with CMPE and LSPE is compared to that of RMPE by analyzing data from a 21-day two-dimensional cloud-resolving model simulation with imposed large-scale vertical velocity, zonal wind, and horizontal advection obtained from the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment. The results show CMPE is generally smaller than RMPE. The root-mean-squared difference between RMPE and LSPE is larger than the standard deviation of RMPE. Thus, water vapour process data cannot be used to estimate precipitation efficiency. Copyright (C) 2011 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Gao, Shouting] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Lab Cloud Precipitat Phys & Severe Storms, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiaofan] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Gao, ST (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Lab Cloud Precipitat Phys & Severe Storms, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM gst@lasg.iap.ac.cn RI Li, Xiaofan/F-5605-2010; Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014 FU National Key Basic Research and Development Project of China [2009CB421505]; National Natural Sciences Foundation of China [40930950, 41075043] FX The authors thank Prof. M. Zhang (State University of New York at Stony Brook) for his TOGA COARE forcing data, and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. This work is supported by the National Key Basic Research and Development Project of China no. 2009CB421505, and the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China under grant nos. 40930950 and 41075043. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2011 VL 137 IS 657 BP 969 EP 978 DI 10.1002/qj.806 PN B PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 777CU UT WOS:000291592800011 ER PT J AU Dixon, PG Mercer, AE Choi, J Allen, JS AF Dixon, P. Grady Mercer, Andrew E. Choi, Jinmu Allen, Jared S. TI TORNADO RISK ANALYSIS Is Dixie Alley an Extension of Tornado Alley? SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; PROBABILITY; CLIMATOLOGY C1 [Dixon, P. Grady] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Geosci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Mercer, Andrew E.] Mississippi State Univ, No Gulf Inst, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Choi, Jinmu] Sangmyung Univ, Dept Geog, Seoul, South Korea. [Allen, Jared S.] NOAA Natl Weather Serv, Jackson, MS USA. RP Dixon, PG (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Geosci, POB 5448, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM grady.dixon@msstate.edu NR 27 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2011 VL 92 IS 4 BP 433 EP 441 DI 10.1175/2010BAMS3102.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 773QT UT WOS:000291323900003 ER PT J AU Etherton, BJ Arms, SC Oolman, LD Lackmann, GM Ramamurthy, MK AF Etherton, Brian J. Arms, Sean C. Oolman, Larry D. Lackmann, Gary M. Ramamurthy, Mohan K. TI USING OPERATIONAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS IN GEOSCIENCE EDUCATION SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material ID METEOROLOGY C1 [Etherton, Brian J.] Univ N Carolina, Renaissance Comp Inst, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Arms, Sean C.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Oolman, Larry D.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Lackmann, Gary M.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Ramamurthy, Mohan K.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res Unidata, Boulder, CO USA. RP Etherton, BJ (reprint author), NOAA OAR ESRL GSD, Forecast Applicat Branch, 325 Broadway,R-GSD7, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Brian.Etherton@noaa.gov RI Etherton, Brian/E-7419-2015 OI Etherton, Brian/0000-0002-2760-0095 NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2011 VL 92 IS 4 BP 477 EP 480 DI 10.1175/2010BAMS3045.1 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 773QT UT WOS:000291323900006 ER PT J AU Davies, JE Morrow, P Dennis, CL Lau, JW McMorran, B Cochran, A Unguris, J Dumas, RK Greene, P Liu, K AF Davies, J. E. Morrow, P. Dennis, C. L. Lau, J. W. McMorran, B. Cochran, A. Unguris, J. Dumas, R. K. Greene, P. Liu, Kai TI Reversal of patterned Co/Pd multilayers with graded magnetic anisotropy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FILMS AB Magnetization reversal and the effect of patterning have been investigated in full-film and dot arrays of Co/Pd multilayers, using the first-order reversal curve and scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis techniques. The effect of patterning is most pronounced in low sputtering pressure films, where the size of contiguous domains is larger than the dot size. Upon patterning, each dot must have its own domain nucleation site and domain propagation is limited within the dot. In graded anisotropy samples, the magnetically soft layer facilitates the magnetization reversal, once the reverse domains have nucleated. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3554256] C1 [Davies, J. E.] NVE Corp, Adv Technol Grp, Eden Prairie, MN 55344 USA. [Davies, J. E.; Morrow, P.; Dennis, C. L.; Lau, J. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Magnet Mat Grp, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [McMorran, B.; Cochran, A.; Unguris, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Dumas, R. K.; Greene, P.; Liu, Kai] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Davies, JE (reprint author), NVE Corp, Adv Technol Grp, Eden Prairie, MN 55344 USA. EM jdavies@nve.com RI Dumas, Randy/E-3077-2010; Davies, Joseph/C-4384-2008; Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Liu, Kai/B-1163-2008; Lau, June/C-7509-2013; Unguris, John/J-3989-2014; McMorran, Benjamin/G-9954-2016 OI Dumas, Randy/0000-0001-5505-2172; Davies, Joseph/0000-0001-5727-2371; Liu, Kai/0000-0001-9413-6782; McMorran, Benjamin/0000-0001-7207-1076 FU NSF [IIP-1013982, DMR-1008791, ECCS-0925626] FX We thank B. J. Kirby and R. D. Shull for fruitful discussions. J.E.D. acknowledges support from NSF (IIP-1013982). Work at UCD was supported by NSF (DMR-1008791 & ECCS-0925626). NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2011 VL 109 IS 7 AR 07B909 DI 10.1063/1.3554256 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 755QV UT WOS:000289952100051 ER PT J AU Leiner, J Tivakornsasithorn, K Liu, X Furdyna, JK Dobrowolska, M Kirby, BJ Lee, H Yoo, T Lee, S AF Leiner, J. Tivakornsasithorn, K. Liu, X. Furdyna, J. K. Dobrowolska, M. Kirby, B. J. Lee, H. Yoo, T. Lee, Sanghoon TI Antiferromagnetic exchange coupling between GaMnAs layers separated by a nonmagnetic GaAs:Be spacer SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; SEMICONDUCTORS; ANISOTROPY AB Interlayer exchange coupling (IEC) between two Ga(0.95)Mn(0.05)As layers separated by Be-doped GaAs spacers was investigated using magnetometry and neutron scattering measurements, which indicated the presence of robust antiferromagnetic IEC under certain conditions. We argue that the observed behavior arises from a competition between the IEC field and magnetocrystalline anisotropy fields intrinsic to GaMnAs layers. We estimate the magnitude of the IEC field and show how it decays with increasing temperature. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3536669] C1 [Leiner, J.; Tivakornsasithorn, K.; Liu, X.; Furdyna, J. K.; Dobrowolska, M.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Kirby, B. J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lee, H.; Yoo, T.; Lee, Sanghoon] Korea Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 136713, South Korea. RP Leiner, J (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM jleiner@nd.edu; xliu2@nd.edu; slee3@korea.ac.kr FU NSF [DMR06-03752, DMR10-05851, OISE-0914013]; MEST [2010-0025880, 2009-0085028] FX This work was supported by the NSF Grant Nos. DMR06-03752 and DMR10-05851; by a NSF EAPSI Grant No. OISE-0914013; by Mid-career Researcher Program through NRF grant funded by the MEST (No. 2010-0025880) and (No. 2009-0085028). NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2011 VL 109 IS 7 AR 07C307 DI 10.1063/1.3536669 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 755QV UT WOS:000289952100084 ER PT J AU Lim, SH Wallis, TM Imtiaz, A Gu, DZ Krivosik, P Kabos, P AF Lim, Sang-Hyun Wallis, T. M. Imtiaz, Atif Gu, Dazhen Krivosik, Pavol Kabos, Pavel TI Comparison of electrical techniques for magnetization dynamics measurements in micro/nanoscale structures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Three all-electrical detection techniques-differential resistance (dV/dI), rf/microwave transmission, and spin rectification measurements-were used to measure the magnetic response of individual patterned Permalloy structures. The investigated techniques enable the identification of distinctive magnetization states, such as vortex nucleation and excitation, domain wall motion, ferromagnetic resonance, and spin wave excitations both in the quasistatic and dynamic regimes. The techniques differ in signal-to-noise ratio and sensitivity to the different types of magnetization responses studied here, suggesting that the use of multiple techniques can significantly improve the understanding of magnetically complex structures. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3544480] C1 [Lim, Sang-Hyun; Wallis, T. M.; Imtiaz, Atif; Gu, Dazhen; Kabos, Pavel] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Krivosik, Pavol] Univ Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA. RP Lim, SH (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sanghyun.lom@nist.gov RI Gu, Dazhen/B-4854-2012 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2011 VL 109 IS 7 AR 07D317 DI 10.1063/1.3544480 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 755QV UT WOS:000289952100182 ER PT J AU Pierce, DT AF Pierce, D. T. TI Perspective on probing metallic ferromagnetism with electrons (invited) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ANGLE-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; SPIN POLARIZATION; SURFACE MAGNETIZATION; IRON WHISKERS; EXCHANGE; NICKEL; TEMPERATURE; SCATTERING; MAGNETORESISTANCE AB This article presents a brief review of insights gained about metallic ferromagnetism using spin-polarized electrons as probes. In ferromagnets, the electronic structure is spin-polarized because of the exchange interaction, allowing the fundamental properties of ferromagnets to be measured by spin-polarized versions of techniques such as photoemission and inverse photoemission. Not only can the static electronic structure be measured, but also magnetic excitations can be measured using spin polarized versions of techniques like electron energy loss spectroscopy. Further, since the polarization is a vector, mapping it maps the underlying domain structure of the ferromagnet. A brief discussion is presented of both early and contemporary applications of spin polarized measurement techniques and what has been learned. [doi:10.1063/1.3537960] C1 NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pierce, DT (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM pierce@nist.gov NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2011 VL 109 IS 7 AR 07E106 DI 10.1063/1.3537960 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 755QV UT WOS:000289952100292 ER PT J AU Conn, PB Gorgone, AM Jugovich, AR Byrd, BL Hansen, LJ AF Conn, Paul B. Gorgone, Antoinette M. Jugovich, Amelia R. Byrd, Barbie L. Hansen, Larry J. TI Accounting for Transients When Estimating Abundance of Bottlenose Dolphins in Choctawhatchee Bay, Florida SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE abundance; bottlenose dolphin; mark-recapture; photo-identification; residents; superpopulation; transients; Tursiops truncatus ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; ROBUST DESIGN; ASSOCIATION PATTERNS; POPULATION-SIZE; MARKED ANIMALS; SITE FIDELITY; MODELS; SURVIVAL; EMIGRATION AB We investigated the potential for using mark-recapture models to estimate abundance of bottlenose dolphin populations in open systems (e. g., bays, estuaries). A major challenge in these systems is that immigration and emigration occur during sampling, thus violating one of the most basic assumptions of mark-recapture models. We assumed that dolphins using our study site were composed of both residents (those that used the study area almost exclusively during our study), and transients (those that passed through our study area but did not remain long), and examined several mark-recapture estimators for their ability to accurately and precisely estimate the abundance of residents and the superpopulation (i.e., residents + transients). Using simulated data, we found that a novel approach accounting for transients resulted in estimators with less bias, smaller absolute relative error, and confidence interval coverage closer to nominal than other approaches, but this novel approach required intensive sampling and that the "correct" transient pattern be specified. In contrast, classical mark-recapture estimators for closed populations often overestimated the number of residents and underestimated the superpopulation. Using photo-identification records, a model-averaged estimate of the superpopulation of bottlenose dolphins in and around Choctawhatchee Bay, Florida was 232 (SE = 13) animals. We estimated resident abundance at 179 (SE = 8), which was lower than the number of unique animals we encountered (188). Our results appear promising for developing monitoring programs for bottlenose dolphins and other taxa in open systems. Our estimators should prove useful to wildlife managers who wish to base conservation decisions on estimates of the number of animals that reside primarily in their study or management area. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Conn, Paul B.; Gorgone, Antoinette M.; Jugovich, Amelia R.; Byrd, Barbie L.; Hansen, Larry J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28557 USA. RP Conn, PB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM paul.conn@noaa.gov NR 47 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2011 VL 75 IS 3 BP 569 EP 579 DI 10.1002/jwmg.94 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 769JD UT WOS:000291007800012 ER PT J AU Montgomery, RA Roloff, GJ Hoef, JMV AF Montgomery, Robert A. Roloff, Gary J. Hoef, Jay M. Ver TI Implications of Ignoring Telemetry Error on Inference in Wildlife Resource Use Models SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Geographic Information Systems (GIS); Global Positioning System (GPS); habitat use; inference; telemetry; telemetry error ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; HABITAT SELECTION; ANIMAL MOVEMENT; BOREAL FOREST; RADIOTELEMETRY SYSTEM; MOUNTAINOUS TERRAIN; TRIANGULATION ERROR; PREDATION RISK; GRIZZLY BEARS; SPACE-USE AB Global Positioning System (GPS) and very high frequency (VHF) telemetry data redefined the examination of wildlife resource use. Researchers collar animals, relocate those animals over time, and utilize the estimated locations to infer resource use and build predictive models. Precision of these estimated wildlife locations, however, influences the reliability of point-based models with accuracy depending on the interaction between mean telemetry error and how habitat characteristics are mapped (categorical raster resolution and patch size). Telemetry data often foster the assumption that locational error can be ignored without biasing study results. We evaluated the effects of mean telemetry error and categorical raster resolution on the correct characterization of patch use when locational error is ignored. We found that our ability to accurately attribute patch type to an estimated telemetry location improved nonlinearly as patch size increased and mean telemetry error decreased. Furthermore, the exact shape of these relationships was directly influenced by categorical raster resolution. Accuracy ranged from 100% (200-ha patch size, 1- to 5-m telemetry error) to 46% (0.5-ha patch size, 56- to 60-m telemetry error) for 10 m resolution rasters. Accuracy ranged from 99% (200-ha patch size, 1- to 5-m telemetry error) to 57% (0.5-ha patch size, 56- to 60-m telemetry error) for 30-m resolution rasters. When covariate rasters were less resolute (30 m vs. 10 m) estimates for the ignore technique were more accurate at smaller patch sizes. Hence, both fine resolution (10 m) covariate rasters and small patch sizes increased probability of patch misidentification. Our results help frame the scope of ecological inference made from point-based wildlife resource use models. For instance, to make ecological inferences with 90% accuracy at small patch sizes (<= 5 ha) mean telemetry error <= 5 m is required for 10-m resolution categorical rasters. To achieve the same inference on 30-m resolution categorical rasters, mean telemetry error <= 10 m is required. We encourage wildlife professionals creating point-based models to assess whether reasonable estimates of resource use can be expected given their telemetry error, covariate raster resolution, and range of patch sizes. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Montgomery, Robert A.; Roloff, Gary J.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Hoef, Jay M. Ver] NMFS Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Montgomery, RA (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 13 Nat Resources Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM montg164@msu.edu FU Lyman Briggs College; Department of Fisheries and Wildlife at Michigan State University FX We thank Lyman Briggs College and the Department of Fisheries and Wildlife at Michigan State University for supporting this research. Thanks also to J. Millspaugh for providing a review of this manuscript. NR 66 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 45 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2011 VL 75 IS 3 BP 702 EP 708 DI 10.1002/jwmg.96 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 769JD UT WOS:000291007800027 ER PT J AU Yeo, D Jones, NP AF Yeo, DongHun Jones, Nicholas P. TI Computational study on aerodynamic mitigation of wind-induced, large-amplitude vibrations of stay cables with strakes SO JOURNAL OF WIND ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIAL AERODYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Computational Wind Engineering (CWE2010) CY MAY 23-27, 2010 CL Chapel Hill, NC DE Cable vibration; Cable-stayed bridge; Yawed circular cylinder; Detached eddy simulation (DES); Strake effect; Aerodynamic control ID YAWED CIRCULAR-CYLINDERS; REYNOLDS-NUMBERS; CROSS-FLOW; BRIDGES; BEHAVIOR; FORCES AB Modifications of circular cylinder surfaces, such as strakes and helical wires, effectively mitigate Karman vortex-induced vibrations normal to flow and have been applied to the reduction of large-amplitude vibrations of stay cables in bridges, which occur under wind oblique to a cable with or without rainfall. This aerodynamic control method cannot be fully effective without understanding the behavior of the flow around and the associated forces on oblique cables. To address this issue, flow around a yawed cylinder with various strake patterns was studied using three-dimensional detached eddy simulation (DES) at Reynolds number of 1.4 x 10(5). Results demonstrated that strake patterns strongly influence the development of flow structures around a yawed cylinder and therefore the associated forces on the cylinder. The results suggest that particular strake patterns can mitigate large-amplitude and low-frequency vibrations of stay cables induced by oblique wind. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yeo, DongHun] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jones, Nicholas P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Yeo, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM donghun.yeo@nist.gov; npjones@jhu.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6105 J9 J WIND ENG IND AEROD JI J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. PD APR PY 2011 VL 99 IS 4 SI SI BP 389 EP 399 DI 10.1016/j.jweia.2011.01.001 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 768XN UT WOS:000290972900024 ER PT J AU Schmidt, SN Harvey, CJ Vander Zanden, MJ AF Schmidt, Stephanie N. Harvey, Chris J. Vander Zanden, M. Jake TI Historical and contemporary trophic niche partitioning among Laurentian Great Lakes coregonines SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE ciscoes; deepwater coregonines; food webs; Great Lakes; preserved specimens; stable isotopes; trophic niche ID STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; FOOD-WEB STRUCTURE; NITROGEN ISOTOPES; FISH COMMUNITY; DELTA-C-13; SUPERIOR; DELTA-N-15; FRACTIONATION; RESTORATION; ECOLOGY AB Anthropogenic activities have significantly altered freshwater fish communities. Extirpations of deepwater coregonines (Coregonus spp.), a diverse group of fish species, have left vast areas of the Laurentian Great Lakes devoid of a deepwater fish community. Currently, fisheries managers are considering restoring populations by reintroducing deepwater coregonines from Lake Superior and Lake Nipigon. However, little is known about the historical ecology of deepwater coregonines, and species characterization has proved difficult. We used stable isotope analysis of museum-preserved and contemporary specimens to investigate if (1) coregonine species historically occupied distinct niches and (2) the pattern of trophic niche partitioning has changed over the last century. Across all lakes, individual species occupied distinct trophic niches, confirming that these species were ecologically distinct. Understanding trophic niche partitioning helps resolve uncertainty about distinctness of species within and across lakes and may provide a better ecological basis for rehabilitation of Great Lakes food webs and ecosystems. C1 [Schmidt, Stephanie N.; Vander Zanden, M. Jake] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Harvey, Chris J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Schmidt, SN (reprint author), St Olaf Coll, Dept Biol, Northfield, MN 55057 USA. EM schmidts@stolaf.edu FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission; University of Wisconsin [R/LR-92] FX We are greatly indebted to numerous museums and curators for their generosity and help with museum specimens: Doug Nelson (UMMZ), Sylvie Laframboise (Canadian Museum of Nature), Mary Burridge (Royal Ontario Museum), Tony Gamble (Bell Museum), Randy Mooi (Milwaukee Public Museum), John Lyons (Wisconsin DNR and UW-Madison), Michael Retzer (INHS), and Mary Anne Rogers (Field Museum). We thank Rick Salmon and the OMNR Lake Nipigon Fisheries Assessment Unit for logistical support and resources in sampling efforts on Lake Nipigon. N. Lottig and T. Lee provided help with statistical analyses. J. Kitchell, C. Gratton, K. Butkas, M. Diebel, and S. Powers provided valuable feedback on earlier versions of the manuscript. We thank W. Fetzer, J. McCarthy, L. Richter, and L. Taplinger for help with sample collection and preparation. We also thank David Harris and the UC-Davis Stable Isotope Facility for isotopic analyses. This project was funded by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission and the University of Wisconsin Sea Grant program (grant #R/LR-92 to J. Vander Zanden). S. Schmidt was partially funded by a University of Wisconsin Graduate Engineering Research Scholars fellowship during the preparation of the manuscript. NR 50 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 34 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2011 VL 21 IS 3 BP 888 EP 896 DI 10.1890/09-0906.1 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 764VA UT WOS:000290661300020 PM 21639052 ER PT J AU Ferraiolo, D Atluri, V Gavrila, S AF Ferraiolo, David Atluri, Vijayalakshmi Gavrila, Serban TI The Policy Machine: A novel architecture and framework for access control policy specification and enforcement SO JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURE LA English DT Article DE Security policy enforcement framework; Policy Machine; Access control AB The ability to control access to sensitive data in accordance with policy is perhaps the most fundamental security requirement. Despite over four decades of security research, the limited ability for existing access control mechanisms to generically enforce policy persists. While researchers, practitioners and policy makers have specified a large variety of access control policies to address real-world security issues, only a relatively small subset of these policies can be enforced through off-the-shelf technology, and even a smaller subset can be enforced by any one mechanism. In this paper, we propose an access control framework, referred to as the Policy Machine (PM) that fundamentally changes the way policy is expressed and enforced. Employing PM helps in building high assurance enforcement mechanisms in three respects. First, only a relatively small piece of the overall access control mechanism needs to be included in the host system (e.g., an operating system or application). This significantly reduces the amount of code that needs to be trusted. Second, it is possible to enforce the precise policies of resource owners, without compromise on enforcement or resorting to less effective administrative procedures. Third, the PM is capable of generically imposing confinement constraints that can be used to prevent leakage of information to unauthorized principals within the context of a variety of policies to include the commonly implemented Discretionary Access Control and Role-Based Access Control models. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Atluri, Vijayalakshmi] Rutgers State Univ, MSIS Dept, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Ferraiolo, David; Atluri, Vijayalakshmi; Gavrila, Serban] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Atluri, Vijayalakshmi] Rutgers State Univ, CIMIC, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. RP Atluri, V (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, MSIS Dept, 1 Washington Pk, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM dferraiolo@nist.gov; atluri@rutgers.edu; gavrila@nist.gov NR 21 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-7621 J9 J SYST ARCHITECT JI J. Syst. Architect. PD APR PY 2011 VL 57 IS 4 BP 412 EP 424 DI 10.1016/j.sysarc.2010.04.005 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 765XB UT WOS:000290741600008 ER PT J AU Holmes, AL Wise, SS Goertz, CEC Dunn, JL Gulland, FMD Gelatt, T Beckmen, KB Burek, K Atkinson, S Bozza, M Taylor, R Zheng, TZ Zhang, Y Aboueissa, AM Wise, JP AF Holmes, Arnie L. Wise, Sandra S. Goertz, Caroline E. C. Dunn, J. Lawrence Gulland, Frances M. D. Gelatt, Tom Beckmen, Kimberlee B. Burek, Kathy Atkinson, Shannon Bozza, Mary Taylor, Robert Zheng, Tongzhang Zhang, Yawei Aboueissa, AbouEl-Makarim Wise, John Pierce TI Metal tissue levels in Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) pups (vol 56, pg 1416, 2008) SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Correction C1 [Holmes, Arnie L.; Wise, Sandra S.; Goertz, Caroline E. C.; Wise, John Pierce] Univ So Maine, Wise Lab Environm & Genet Toxicol, Portland, ME 04104 USA. [Holmes, Arnie L.; Wise, Sandra S.; Wise, John Pierce] Univ So Maine, Maine Ctr Toxicol & Environm Hlth, Portland, ME 04104 USA. [Goertz, Caroline E. C.; Atkinson, Shannon; Bozza, Mary] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Dunn, J. Lawrence] Myst Aquarium, Dept Res & Vet Care, Mystic, CT 06355 USA. [Gulland, Frances M. D.] Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. [Gelatt, Tom] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Beckmen, Kimberlee B.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Burek, Kathy] Vet Pathol Serv, Eagle River, AK 99577 USA. [Taylor, Robert] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Integrat Biosci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Zheng, Tongzhang; Zhang, Yawei] Yale Univ, Sch Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Aboueissa, AbouEl-Makarim] Univ So Maine, Dept Math & Stat, Portland, ME 04104 USA. [Wise, John Pierce] Univ So Maine, Dept Appl Sci Med, Portland, ME 04104 USA. RP Wise, JP (reprint author), Univ So Maine, Wise Lab Environm & Genet Toxicol, 96 Falmouth St,POB 4000, Portland, ME 04104 USA. EM John.Wise@usm.maine.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD APR PY 2011 VL 62 IS 4 BP 881 EP 882 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.02.017 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 767GH UT WOS:000290842800041 ER PT J AU Yang, XY Hu, JY Wang, J Wang, DR AF Yang, Xiao-Yi Hu, Jianyu Wang, Jia Wang, Daoru TI Linkage between winter air temperature over the subtropical Western Pacific and the ice extent anomaly in the Sea of Okhotsk SO JOURNAL OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Western Pacific; Sea ice extent; The Sea of Okhotsk; Thermal feedback; Heat budget; Meridional temperature advection; Eddy heat flux ID ARCTIC OSCILLATION; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; CLIMATE; MONSOON; MODEL; CIRCULATION; IMPACT; COVER; ENSO; ASIA AB This study deals with the correlation between ice extent in the Sea of Okhotsk and the interannual variability of winter (December-February) air temperature over the subtropical Western Pacific from 1979 to 2008. The analysis indicates that the increase in sea ice extent coincides not only with cooling over the Sea of Okhotsk and the adjacent area, but also with significant warming over the subtropical Western Pacific that extends from the surface to the middle troposphere. This meridional dipole pattern of tropospheric temperature anomalies (cooling in the high latitudes and warming in the low latitudes) primarily results from dynamical processes driven by the large-scale atmospheric circulation change. A heat budget diagnosis reveals that when ice extent in the Sea of Okhotsk increases by one standard deviation, the tropospheric air temperature over the subtropical Western Pacific rises by about 0.25A degrees C. It also suggests that the adiabatic heating and stationary eddy heat flux convergence may be the most important factors, which account for 30 and 15% of the warming, respectively. In addition, these two factors also coordinate to result in significant cooling over the Sea of Okhotsk and the adjacent regions. C1 [Yang, Xiao-Yi; Hu, Jianyu] Xiamen Univ, State Key Lab Marine Environm Sci, Xiamen, Fujian, Peoples R China. [Wang, Jia] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Wang, Daoru] Hainan Marine Dev & Design Inst, Haikou, Hainan, Peoples R China. RP Yang, XY (reprint author), Xiamen Univ, State Key Lab Marine Environm Sci, Xiamen, Fujian, Peoples R China. EM xyyang@xmu.edu.cn RI WANG, DongXiao/B-4445-2012; OI Wang, Jia/0000-0003-4154-9721 FU NSFC [41006113, 40821063]; National Basic Research Program of China [2007CB411803]; Xiamen University [MELRS0920]; NOAA Office of Arctic Research FX We thank three reviewers for their insightful suggestions and comments. This study is supported by the NSFC under contract of 41006113 and 40821063, by the National Basic Research Program of China (2007CB411803), and by MELRS0920 of Xiamen University (for Yang and Hu). Wang is supported by the RUSALCA modeling project of NOAA Office of Arctic Research. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0916-8370 EI 1573-868X J9 J OCEANOGR JI J. Oceanogr. PD APR PY 2011 VL 67 IS 2 BP 197 EP 208 DI 10.1007/s10872-011-0018-3 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 763GH UT WOS:000290542900006 ER PT J AU Mazur, V Ruhnke, LH AF Mazur, Vladislav Ruhnke, Lothar H. TI Physical processes during development of upward leaders from tall structures SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROSTATICS LA English DT Article DE Upward lightning; Upward leader; Dart leader; M-component ID RADIO INTERFEROMETRIC OBSERVATIONS; LIGHTNING DISCHARGES; M-COMPONENT; THUNDERSTORMS; INITIATION; AIRCRAFT; MODEL AB The objective of our study was to identify and interpret the various processes during development of upward positive leaders from tall structures. We provide a physical interpretation for the varying luminosity of the leader channel during its initial ascent and the pulsing luminosity during much later stages of the established leader. Our analysis confirms that pulsed luminosity is a result of recoil leaders intercepting the current-carrying channel connected to ground. This interception produces an M-component. Applying the bidirectional leader concept and a simplified electrostatic approximation, we introduce physical models of the dart leader-return stroke sequence and the M-component. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mazur, Vladislav; Ruhnke, Lothar H.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Mazur, V (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM vlad.mazur@noaa.gov FU Federal Aviation Administration FX This study was supported in part by a Grant from the Federal Aviation Administration. We thank Vaisala Inc. for their assistance in providing us with timely information on lightning activity from NLDN, and we are extremely grateful to Tom Warner for allowing us to use some of his excellent high-speed video clips for discussion in our paper. Finally, we thank Marijo Hennagin-Mazur for her invaluable assistance in editing this paper. NR 33 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3886 EI 1873-5738 J9 J ELECTROSTAT JI J. Electrost. PD APR PY 2011 VL 69 IS 2 BP 97 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.elstat.2011.01.003 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 758TF UT WOS:000290188800004 ER PT J AU Courtois, P Menthonnex, C Hehn, R Andersen, KH Nesvizhevsky, V Zimmer, O Piegsa, F Geltenbort, P Greene, G Allen, R Huffman, PR Schmidt-Weenburg, P Fertl, M Mayer, S AF Courtois, P. Menthonnex, C. Hehn, R. Andersen, K. H. Nesvizhevsky, V. Zimmer, O. Piegsa, F. Geltenbort, P. Greene, G. Allen, R. Huffman, P. R. Schmidt-Weenburg, P. Fertl, M. Mayer, S. TI Production and characterization of intercalated graphite crystals for cold neutron monochromators SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Neutron Optics CY MAR 17-19, 2010 CL Grenoble, FRANCE DE Neutron diffraction; Neutron monochromator; Mosaic crystal; Intercalated graphite compound ID BRAGG REFLECTION; MOSAIC CRYSTALS AB The preparation of intercalated graphite compounds is now well established at the Institut Laue Langevin (ILL). We are able to manufacture several types of intercalated crystals, such as KC(8). RbC(8), KC(24) and RbC(24) compounds, in large quantities and in a reproducible manner. Even though the mosaic distribution is large, these compounds exhibit a high neutron peak reflectivity of about 70% at a neutron wavelength of 9.8 angstrom. The production of such intercalated graphite crystals allows us to build efficient neutron monochromators for wavelengths in the range 6-15 angstrom. 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Courtois, P.; Menthonnex, C.; Hehn, R.; Andersen, K. H.; Nesvizhevsky, V.; Zimmer, O.; Piegsa, F.; Geltenbort, P.; Schmidt-Weenburg, P.; Mayer, S.] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Greene, G.; Allen, R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Huffman, P. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zimmer, O.; Schmidt-Weenburg, P.; Fertl, M.] Tech Univ Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Courtois, P (reprint author), Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, BP 156, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. EM courtois@ill.fr RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; OI Huffman, Paul/0000-0002-2562-1378 NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD APR 1 PY 2011 VL 634 SU 1 BP S37 EP S40 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2010.06.222 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 760WM UT WOS:000290355100008 ER PT J AU Mildner, DFR Gubarev, MV AF Mildner, D. F. R. Gubarev, M. V. TI Wolter optics for neutron focusing SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Neutron Optics CY MAR 17-19, 2010 CL Grenoble, FRANCE DE Electroformed nickel replication; Focusing optics; Grazing angle incidence; Mirror reflection; Neutron focusing; Wolter optics AB Focusing optics based on Wolter optical geometries developed for X-ray grazing incidence beams can be designed for neutron beams. Wolter optics are formed by grazing incidence reflections from two concentric conic sections (for example, a paraboloid and a hyperboloid). This has transformed observational X-ray astronomy by increasing the sensitivity by many orders of magnitude for research in astrophysics and cosmology. To increase the collection area, many reflecting mirrors of different diameters are nested with a common focal plane. These mirrors are fabricated using nickel-electroformed replication techniques. We apply these ideas to neutron focusing using nickel mirrors. We show an initial test of a conical mirror using a beam of cold neutrons. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mildner, D. F. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gubarev, M. V.] Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Mildner, DFR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.mildner@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD APR 1 PY 2011 VL 634 SU 1 BP S7 EP S11 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2010.06.093 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 760WM UT WOS:000290355100002 ER PT J AU Mora, C Aburto-Oropeza, O Bocos, AA Ayotte, PM Banks, S Bauman, AG Beger, M Bessudo, S Booth, DJ Brokovich, E Brooks, A Chabanet, P Cinner, JE Cortes, J Cruz-Motta, JJ Magana, AC DeMartini, EE Edgar, GJ Feary, DA Ferse, SCA Friedlander, AM Gaston, KJ Gough, C Graham, NAJ Green, A Guzman, H Hardt, M Kulbicki, M Letourneur, Y Perez, AL Loreau, M Loya, Y Martinez, C Mascarenas-Osorio, I Morove, T Nadon, MO Nakamura, Y Paredes, G Polunin, NVC Pratchett, MS Bonilla, HR Rivera, F Sala, E Sandin, SA Soler, G Stuart-Smith, R Tessier, E Tittensor, DP Tupper, M Usseglio, P Vigliola, L Wantiez, L Williams, I Wilson, SK Zapata, FA AF Mora, Camilo Aburto-Oropeza, Octavio Ayala Bocos, Arturo Ayotte, Paula M. Banks, Stuart Bauman, Andrew G. Beger, Maria Bessudo, Sandra Booth, David J. Brokovich, Eran Brooks, Andrew Chabanet, Pascale Cinner, Joshua E. Cortes, Jorge Cruz-Motta, Juan J. Cupul Magana, Amilcar DeMartini, Edward E. Edgar, Graham J. Feary, David A. Ferse, Sebastian C. A. Friedlander, Alan M. Gaston, Kevin J. Gough, Charlotte Graham, Nicholas A. J. Green, Alison Guzman, Hector Hardt, Marah Kulbicki, Michel Letourneur, Yves Lopez Perez, Andres Loreau, Michel Loya, Yossi Martinez, Camilo Mascarenas-Osorio, Ismael Morove, Tau Nadon, Marc-Olivier Nakamura, Yohei Paredes, Gustavo Polunin, Nicholas V. C. Pratchett, Morgan S. Bonilla, Hector Reyes Rivera, Fernando Sala, Enric Sandin, Stuart A. Soler, German Stuart-Smith, Rick Tessier, Emmanuel Tittensor, Derek P. Tupper, Mark Usseglio, Paolo Vigliola, Laurent Wantiez, Laurent Williams, Ivor Wilson, Shaun K. Zapata, Fernando A. TI Global Human Footprint on the Linkage between Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning in Reef Fishes SO PLOS BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CORAL-REEFS; CURRENT KNOWLEDGE; MARINE RESERVES; EASTERN PACIFIC; DEEP-SEA; SERVICES; CONSEQUENCES; PRODUCTIVITY; TEMPERATURES; EXTINCTIONS AB Difficulties in scaling up theoretical and experimental results have raised controversy over the consequences of biodiversity loss for the functioning of natural ecosystems. Using a global survey of reef fish assemblages, we show that in contrast to previous theoretical and experimental studies, ecosystem functioning (as measured by standing biomass) scales in a non-saturating manner with biodiversity (as measured by species and functional richness) in this ecosystem. Our field study also shows a significant and negative interaction between human population density and biodiversity on ecosystem functioning (i.e., for the same human density there were larger reductions in standing biomass at more diverse reefs). Human effects were found to be related to fishing, coastal development, and land use stressors, and currently affect over 75% of the world's coral reefs. Our results indicate that the consequences of biodiversity loss in coral reefs have been considerably underestimated based on existing knowledge and that reef fish assemblages, particularly the most diverse, are greatly vulnerable to the expansion and intensity of anthropogenic stressors in coastal areas. C1 [Mora, Camilo; Tittensor, Derek P.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Aburto-Oropeza, Octavio; Hardt, Marah; Sandin, Stuart A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Ayala Bocos, Arturo] Univ Autonoma Baja California Sur, Dept Biol Marina, La Paz, Mexico. [Ayotte, Paula M.; Nadon, Marc-Olivier; Williams, Ivor] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Ayotte, Paula M.; Nadon, Marc-Olivier; Williams, Ivor] NOAA, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Banks, Stuart] Charles Darwin Univ, Galapagos Isl, Ecuador. [Bauman, Andrew G.; Feary, David A.; Usseglio, Paolo] United Nations Univ, Inst Water Environm & Hlth, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Bauman, Andrew G.; Cinner, Joshua E.; Graham, Nicholas A. J.; Pratchett, Morgan S.] James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Coral Reef, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Beger, Maria] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Commonwealth Ctr Appl Environm Decis Anal, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Bessudo, Sandra; Soler, German] Fdn Malpelo & Otros Ecosistemas Marinos, Bogota, Colombia. [Booth, David J.; Feary, David A.] Univ Technol Sydney, Sch Environm, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia. [Brokovich, Eran; Loya, Yossi] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Zool, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Brooks, Andrew] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Coastal Res Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Chabanet, Pascale] Inst Rech Dev, Reunion Isl, France. [Cortes, Jorge] Univ Costa Rica, Ctr Invest Ciencias Mar & Limnol, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Cruz-Motta, Juan J.] Univ Simon Bolivar, Dept Estudios Ambientales, Caracas, Venezuela. [Cupul Magana, Amilcar] Univ Guadalajara, Ctr Univ Costa, Dept Ciencias Biol, Puerto Vallarta, Mexico. [DeMartini, Edward E.] NOAA, Fisheries Res & Monitoring Div, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [DeMartini, Edward E.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI USA. [Edgar, Graham J.; Stuart-Smith, Rick] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Ferse, Sebastian C. A.] Leibniz Ctr Trop Marine Ecol, Bremen, Germany. [Friedlander, Alan M.; Usseglio, Paolo] Univ Hawaii, Dept Zool, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Gaston, Kevin J.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Biodivers & Macroecol Grp, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. [Gough, Charlotte] Blue Ventures, London, England. [Green, Alison] Nature Conservancy, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Guzman, Hector] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. [Kulbicki, Michel] Univ Perpignan, Inst Rech Dev, F-66025 Perpignan, France. [Letourneur, Yves; Wantiez, Laurent] Univ Nouvelle Caledonie, Lab Insulaire Vivant & Environm, Noumea, New Caledonia. [Letourneur, Yves] Univ La Reunion, Lab Ecol Marine, St Denis Messageries, France. [Lopez Perez, Andres] Univ Mar, Inst Recursos, Oaxaca, Mexico. [Loreau, Michel] McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. [Martinez, Camilo] Secretaria Nacl Planificac & Desarrollo, Quito, Ecuador. [Mascarenas-Osorio, Ismael] Univ Autonoma Baja California Sur, Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, La Paz, Mexico. [Morove, Tau] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Papua New Guinea Marine Program, Kavieng, Papua N Guinea. [Nakamura, Yohei] Kochi Univ, Grad Sch Kuroshio Sci, Kochi 780, Japan. [Paredes, Gustavo] Ctr Biodiversidad Marina & Conservac Golfo Calif, San Diego, CA USA. [Polunin, Nicholas V. C.] Newcastle Univ, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Rivera, Fernando] Inst Nazca Invest Marinas, Quito, Ecuador. [Sala, Enric] Ctr Estudis Avancats Blanes, Blanes, Spain. [Sala, Enric] Natl Geog Soc, Washington, DC USA. [Tessier, Emmanuel] Reserve Nat Marine La Reunion, Reunion Isl, France. [Tittensor, Derek P.] World Conservat Monitoring Ctr, United Nations Environm Programme, Cambridge, England. [Tittensor, Derek P.] Microsoft Res Computat Sci Lab, Cambridge, England. [Tupper, Mark] WorldFish Ctr, George Town, Malaysia. [Vigliola, Laurent] Inst Rech Dev, Noumea, New Caledonia. [Wantiez, Laurent] Aquarium Lagons, Noumea, New Caledonia. [Wilson, Shaun K.] Dept Environm & Conservat, Marine Sci Program, Kensington, WA, Australia. [Zapata, Fernando A.] Univ Valle, Dept Biol, Cali, Colombia. RP Mora, C (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS, Canada. EM moracamilo@hotmail.com RI Cinner, Joshua/E-8966-2011; LETOURNEUR, Yves/B-4387-2012; Loya, Yossi/J-3039-2012; Edgar, Graham/C-8341-2013; Beger, Maria/F-9049-2013; Stuart-Smith, Rick/M-1829-2013; Graham, Nicholas/C-8360-2014; Wantiez, Laurent/L-3343-2013; Vigliola, Laurent/J-7107-2016; Pratchett, Morgan /A-9256-2010; OI Lopez-Perez, Andres/0000-0003-1246-7401; LETOURNEUR, Yves/0000-0003-3157-1976; Edgar, Graham/0000-0003-0833-9001; Beger, Maria/0000-0003-1363-3571; Stuart-Smith, Rick/0000-0002-8874-0083; Wantiez, Laurent/0000-0001-5024-2057; Vigliola, Laurent/0000-0003-4715-7470; Pratchett, Morgan /0000-0002-1862-8459; Cupul-Magana, Amilcar/0000-0002-6455-1253; Cinner, Joshua/0000-0003-2675-9317 FU Sloan Foundation; Royal Society; Leverhulme Trust; Nakheel PJSC; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Galapagos National Park Service; Charles Darwin Foundation; Conservation International; Walton Family Foundation; Australian Research Council; National Geographic; Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association; German National Academic Foundation; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Marine Fisheries Service Office of Habitat Conservation; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; French Institute for Biodiversity; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; Wildlife Conservation Society; United States National Science Foundation; Conservation Leadership Programme; Australian Institute of Marine Sciences; Australian Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts; Marisla Foundation; World Wildlife Fund; Ocean Conservancy; Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada FX The main funding was provided by the Sloan Foundation through the Census of Marine Life's Future of Marine Animal Populations and Natural Geography in Shore Areas projects. Additional funding and support were provided by the Royal Society; the Leverhulme Trust; Nakheel PJSC; the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Galapagos National Park Service; Charles Darwin Foundation; Conservation International; Walton Family Foundation; the Australian Research Council; National Geographic; the Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association; the German National Academic Foundation; the Coral Reef Conservation Program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; The National Marine Fisheries Service Office of Habitat Conservation; the 21st Century Centers of Excellence Program of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; the French Institute for Biodiversity; the David and Lucile Packard Foundation; the Wildlife Conservation Society; the United States National Science Foundation's Long-term Ecological Research Program; The Conservation Leadership Programme; Australian Institute of Marine Sciences; the Australian Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts; The Marisla Foundation Environment Program; the World Wildlife Fund; The Ocean Conservancy; and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 51 TC 339 Z9 351 U1 14 U2 175 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1544-9173 J9 PLOS BIOL JI PLoS. Biol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 9 IS 4 AR e1000606 DI 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000606 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 755NM UT WOS:000289938900001 PM 21483714 ER PT J AU Lee, C Iwata, GZ Corsini, E Higbie, JM Knappe, S Ledbetter, MP Budker, D AF Lee, Changmin Iwata, G. Z. Corsini, E. Higbie, J. M. Knappe, S. Ledbetter, M. P. Budker, D. TI Small-sized dichroic atomic vapor laser lock SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY STABILIZATION AB Two, lightweight diode laser frequency stabilization systems designed for experiments in the field are described. A significant reduction in size and weight in both models supports the further miniaturization of measurement devices in the field. Similar to a previous design, magnetic field lines are contained within a magnetic shield enclosing permanent magnets and a Rb cell, so that these dichroic atomic vapor laser lock (DAVLL) systems may be used for magnetically sensitive instruments. The mini-DAVLL system (49 mm long) uses a vapor cell (20 mm long) and does not require cell heaters. An even smaller micro-DAVLL system (9 mm long) uses a microfabricated cell (3 mm square) and requires heaters. These new systems show no degradation in performance with regard to previous designs while considerably reducing dimensions. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3568824] C1 [Lee, Changmin; Iwata, G. Z.; Corsini, E.; Ledbetter, M. P.; Budker, D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Higbie, J. M.] Bucknell Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. [Knappe, S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Budker, D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lee, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cmpius@berkeley.edu; g.iwata@berkeley.edu; budker@berkeley.edu RI Budker, Dmitry/F-7580-2016 OI Budker, Dmitry/0000-0002-7356-4814 FU ONR MURI; STTR programs; NURI program; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Nuclear Science Divisions, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098]; Microsystems Technology Office of the Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) FX The authors would like to sincerely thank J. Kitching and L. Garner for their useful discussions and advice on this work. This work was supported by the ONR MURI, and STTR programs, the NURI program, by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Nuclear Science Divisions, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098, and by the Microsystems Technology Office of the Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). C. L. and G. I. were participants in the U. C. Berkeley Undergraduate Research Apprentice Program. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD APR PY 2011 VL 82 IS 4 AR 043107 DI 10.1063/1.3568824 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 756YU UT WOS:000290051500007 PM 21528995 ER PT J AU Sarac, MF Wilson, RM Johnston-Peck, AC Wang, JW Pearce, R Klein, KL Melechko, AV Tracy, JB AF Sarac, Mehmet F. Wilson, Robert M. Johnston-Peck, Aaron C. Wang, Junwei Pearce, Ryan Klein, Kate L. Melechko, Anatoli V. Tracy, Joseph B. TI Effects of Ligand Monolayers on Catalytic Nickel Nanoparticles for Synthesizing Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanofibers SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE carbon nanofibers; nanoparticles; nickel; chemical vapor deposition; catalyst; ligand ID IRON-OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; COBALT NANOPARTICLES; GROWTH; NANOCRYSTALS; SUPERLATTICES; NI; FABRICATION; NANOSCALE; ARRAYS AB Vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (VACNFs) were synthesized using ligand-stabilized Ni nanoparticle (NP) catalysts and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Using chemically synthesized Ni NPs enables facile preparation of VACNF arrays with monodisperse diameters below the size limit of thin film lithography. During pregrowth heating, the ligands catalytically convert into graphitic shells that prevent the catalyst NPs from agglomerating and coalescing, resulting in a monodisperse VACNF size distribution. In comparison, significant agglomeration occurs when the ligands are removed before VACNF growth, giving a broad distribution of VACNF sizes. The ligand shells are also promising for patterning the NPs and synthesizing complex VACNF arrays. C1 [Sarac, Mehmet F.; Wilson, Robert M.; Johnston-Peck, Aaron C.; Wang, Junwei; Pearce, Ryan; Melechko, Anatoli V.; Tracy, Joseph B.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Klein, Kate L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tracy, JB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Box 7907, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jbtracy@ncsu.edu RI Melechko, Anatoli/B-8820-2008; Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Tracy, Joseph/C-1153-2009 OI Tracy, Joseph/0000-0002-3358-3703 FU North Carolina State University; National Science Foundation [CBET-0967559]; Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; Ministry of National Education, Republic of Turkey; GAANN FX This work was supported by startup funds from North Carolina State University and by the National Science Foundation (CBET-0967559). A.V.M. acknowledges support from the Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. M.F.S. acknowledges support from a Republic of Turkey, Ministry of National Education fellowship. AC.J.-P. acknowledges support from a GAANN fellowship. We thank Protochips, Inc., for providing the SiN substrates. NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD APR PY 2011 VL 3 IS 4 BP 936 EP 940 DI 10.1021/am101290v PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 753HH UT WOS:000289762400003 PM 21410229 ER PT J AU Lewison, RL Soykan, CU Cox, T Peckham, H Pilcher, N LeBoeuf, N McDonald, S Moore, J Safina, C Crowder, LB AF Lewison, R. L. Soykan, C. U. Cox, T. Peckham, H. Pilcher, N. LeBoeuf, N. McDonald, S. Moore, J. Safina, C. Crowder, L. B. TI INGREDIENTS FOR ADDRESSING THE CHALLENGES OF FISHERIES BYCATCH SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TURTLES CARETTA-CARETTA; LOGGERHEAD TURTLES; DOLPHIN MORTALITY; OCEAN FISHERIES; BY-CATCH; MANAGEMENT; REDUCTION; SUSTAINABILITY; IMPACTS; FUTURE AB Minimizing fisheries bycatch, the incidental capture of non-target species, is a global environmental challenge. In many regions, bycatch of imperiled species is one of a number of issues that threatens species viability and impedes the development of sustainable fisheries. Effectively addressing bycatch of species of conservation concern and improving fisheries sustainability require cross-sectoral integration of information on the biological, socioeconomic, and political contexts of each fishery. Several gaps present simultaneous challenges, including: limited engagement with fisher communities, a lack of data, a need for more robust analyses of available data, and a need for coordinated governance from local to global scales. Here we present a framework to address fisheries bycatch that builds on established methods in community collaboration and engagement, field-based interviews, quantitative bycatch analyses, and ocean policy governance. Although these individual approaches to reduce bycatch are well established, there has yet to be a comprehensive application of an integrated approach. We review these essential approaches and present a broadly applicable model for their integration. C1 [Lewison, R. L.] San Diego State Univ, Inst Ecol Monitoring & Management, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Soykan, C. U.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Assoc, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Cox, T.] Savannah State Univ, Savannah, GA 31404 USA. [Peckham, H.] Grp Tortuguero Californias, La Paz, Baja Calif Sur, Mexico. [Pilcher, N.] Marine Res Fdn, Kota Kinabalu 88450, Sabah, Malaysia. [LeBoeuf, N.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [McDonald, S.] Duke Univ, Ctr Marine Conservat, Beaufort, CA USA. [Moore, J.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Protected Resource Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Safina, C.] Blue Ocean Inst, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. [Crowder, L. B.] Duke Univ, Ctr Marine Conservat, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Lewison, RL (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Inst Ecol Monitoring & Management, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM rlewison@sciences.sdsu.edu FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation FX This paper was the result of a symposium held at the International Marine Conservation Congress in 2009 our thanks to all the organizers of that excellent forum. Support for the symposium and for some of the research efforts described herein was provided by a grant from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation to Project GloBAL. NR 63 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 31 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD APR PY 2011 VL 87 IS 2 BP 235 EP 250 DI 10.5343/bms.2010.1062 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 757AE UT WOS:000290055400007 ER PT J AU Salomon, AK Gaichas, SK Jensen, OP Agostini, VN Sloan, NA Rice, J McClanahan, TR Ruckelshaus, MH Levin, PS Dulvy, NK Babcock, EA AF Salomon, Anne K. Gaichas, Sarah K. Jensen, Olaf P. Agostini, Vera N. Sloan, N. A. Rice, Jake McClanahan, Tim R. Ruckelshaus, Mary H. Levin, Phil S. Dulvy, Nicholas K. Babcock, Elizabeth A. TI BRIDGING THE DIVIDE BETWEEN FISHERIES AND MARINE CONSERVATION SCIENCE SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT STRATEGY; FISH COMMUNITIES; REFERENCE POINTS; PROTECTED AREAS; CONTROL RULES; CATCH LIMITS; SMALL-SCALE; NORTH-SEA; ECOSYSTEM; RESERVES AB Researchers from traditionally disparate disciplines and practitioners with typically incongruent mandates have begun working together to better understand and solve marine conservation and sustainable yield problems. Conservation practitioners are recognizing the need to achieve conservation goals in seascapes that are a source of livelihood and food security, while fisheries management is realizing that achieving economically and ecologically sustainable fisheries requires an understanding of the role of biodiversity and ecosystem dynamics in fishery production. Yet, tensions still exist due to the unique histories, epistemologies, cultures, values, and quantitative techniques of fisheries and marine conservation science, and the often-divergent objectives of the institutions and organizations these academic disciplines inform. While there is general agreement on what needs to be achieved (less overfishing, recovery of depleted fish stocks, reduction in bycatch and habitat impacts, jobs, food production), specific objectives and how best to achieve them remain contentious and unresolved. By analyzing three contemporary yet controversial marine policies (ecosystem-based fishery management, marine protected areas, and catch shares) and specific case studies, we demonstrate how both fisheries and marine conservation science can be used to provide clear scientific advice to practitioners and provide empirical evidence of the benefits of bridging the disciplinary divide. Finally, we discuss future prospects for collaboration in an emerging issue at the nexus of conservation and fishery management: eco-certification. Drawing on lessons learned from these empirical examples, we outline general processes necessary for clearly defining multiple conservation and fisheries objectives in working seascapes. By bridging the divide, we illuminate the process of navigating trade-offs between multiple objectives in a finite world. C1 [Salomon, Anne K.] Simon Fraser Univ, Sch Resource & Environm Management, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Jensen, Olaf P.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Agostini, Vera N.] Nature Conservancy, Global Marine Initiat, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Sloan, N. A.] Natl Marine Conservat Area Reserve, Gwaii Haanas Natl Pk Reserve, Charlotte, BC V0T 1S0, Canada. [Gaichas, Sarah K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Rice, Jake] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E6, Canada. [McClanahan, Tim R.] Marine Programs, Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [Ruckelshaus, Mary H.] Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Levin, Phil S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Dulvy, Nicholas K.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol, Earth Ocean Res Grp, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Babcock, Elizabeth A.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Salomon, AK (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Sch Resource & Environm Management, 8888 Univ Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM anne.salomon@sfu.ca RI Jensen, Olaf/E-4947-2011; Dulvy, Nicholas/I-2895-2012; Babcock, Elizabeth/E-7753-2013; OI McClanahan, Timothy/0000-0001-5821-3584; Dulvy, Nicholas/0000-0002-4295-9725 FU David H Smith Conservation Research Fellowship FX We thank K Brander, L Fritz, C. Faunce, and two anonymous reviewers whose insights vastly improved this manuscript. The authors gratefully acknowledges the many partners who have worked diligently to make the Central Coast Groundfish Project a success, including C Cook, R Fujita, M Bell, E Feller, M Gleason, S Reinecke, M Spring, K Bonzon, P Higgins, M Delapa, R Algert, J Elder, S McGrath, C Kubiak, J O'Brien, M Vojkavich, B Blue, R Cullen, D Rose, R Hawkins, G Bettencourt, J Pepper, H Pontarelli, and D Oberhoff. AKS and OJ were supported in part by a David H Smith Conservation Research Fellowship. AKS also thanks the Hakai Research Network and NSERC, and EAB thanks Commonweal. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 85 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 62 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD APR PY 2011 VL 87 IS 2 BP 251 EP 274 DI 10.5343/bms.2010.1089 PG 24 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 757AE UT WOS:000290055400008 ER PT J AU Kai, Y Orr, JW Sakai, K Nakabo, T AF Kai, Yoshiaki Orr, James W. Sakai, Keiichi Nakabo, Tetsuji TI Genetic and morphological evidence for cryptic diversity in the Careproctus rastrinus species complex (Liparidae) of the North Pacific SO ICHTHYOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Careproctus rastrinus; North Pacific; Molecular phylogeny; Cyt-b; 16S rRNA; Cryptic species ID ALEUTIAN ISLANDS; TELEOSTEI; FISH; SCORPAENIFORMES; SNAILFISHES; SPECIATION; GENUS; PHYLOGENY; SEQUENCES; SEBASTES AB The molecular phylogeny of the Careproctus rastrinus species complex is presented on the basis of sequence variations in the 16S rRNA and cytochrome b genes (1,447 base pairs) of mitochondrial DNA using specimens collected from across the North Pacific and its marginal seas, including the Sea of Japan, the Pacific coast of Japan, the Sea of Okhotsk, the Bering Sea, the Gulf of Alaska, and the Arctic Ocean. Gene flow and migration between geographic regions is apparently strictly restricted in the C. rastrinus species complex, as this phylogeny revealed nine genetically diverged groups in the C. rastrinus species complex, most of which corresponded well with major geographic regions. Most of the groups were different in terms of morphological characters. Five nominal species have been considered to be members of the complex and have been variously recognized as being valid or as synonyms of C. rastrinus, but the present genetic and morphological differences suggested that the C. rastrinus species complex represents far more divergence. Such cryptic diversity of the C. rastrinus species complex defined by geographic regions may be related to their low dispersal ability, because they bear large demersal eggs. The genetic divergence suggested that colder climates from the late Pliocene and the isolation of marginal seas during the Pleistocene may have driven the divergence of the C. rastrinus species complex. C1 [Kai, Yoshiaki] Kyoto Univ, Field Sci Educ & Res Ctr, Maizuru Fisheries Res Stn, Kyoto 6250086, Japan. [Orr, James W.] NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Sakai, Keiichi] Noto Marine Ctr, Noto, Ishikawa 9270552, Japan. [Nakabo, Tetsuji] Kyoto Univ, Kyoto Univ Museum, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. RP Kai, Y (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Field Sci Educ & Res Ctr, Maizuru Fisheries Res Stn, Kyoto 6250086, Japan. EM mebaru@kais.kyoto-u.ac.jp FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) [20370034] FX We greatly appreciate T. W. Pietsch and K.P. Maslenikov (UW), E.O. Wiley and A. C. Bentley (KU) for loans of specimens and gifts of tissues. Special thanks also go out to J.T. Williams, D.G. Smith, S. Raredon, and K. Murphy (USNM), who facilitated our visits to examine specimens and for providing radiographs and photos. We sincerely thank A. Yamasaki, T. Miyajima, K. Fujiwara, and the crews of the R/V Heian-maru (Kyoto Prefectural Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Technology Center, Japan), as well as T. Wada (Fukushima Prefecture, Japan), H. Matsubara (Tokyo University of Agriculture), D.E. Stevenson, E.N. Laman, R. R. Lauth, L.L. Britt, K.P. Maslenikov, M. Martin, R.N. Clark, S. Kotwicki, N.W. Raring, N.E. Roberson, and R. Harrison (all from AFSC) for help in collecting specimens. This study was supported in part by a grant-in-aid for scientific research (B) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) (20370034). NR 34 TC 12 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER JAPAN KK PI TOKYO PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN SN 1341-8998 EI 1616-3915 J9 ICHTHYOL RES JI Ichthyol. Res. PD APR PY 2011 VL 58 IS 2 BP 143 EP 154 DI 10.1007/s10228-010-0202-2 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 756BY UT WOS:000289987900005 ER PT J AU Matarese, AC Spies, IB Busby, MS Orr, JW AF Matarese, Ann C. Spies, Ingrid B. Busby, Morgan S. Orr, James W. TI Early larvae of Zesticelus profundorum (family Cottidae) identified using DNA barcoding SO ICHTHYOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Zesticelus profundorum; Cottidae; DNA barcoding AB Early larvae of Flabby Sculpin, Zesticelus profundorum, are described using DNA barcoding methods to identify specimens collected in the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea. Based on the low myomere count, distribution of larvae, and vertebral counts in adults, we selected Zesticelus profundorum and Sebastolobus macrochir as good potential candidates for genetic comparison. We used DNA samples from voucher specimens of each candidate taxon to identify species-specific sequences. An exact match in sequence data allowed us to positively identify these larvae as Zesticelus profundorum, a rare deepwater species of the family Cottidae. C1 [Matarese, Ann C.; Spies, Ingrid B.; Busby, Morgan S.; Orr, James W.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Matarese, AC (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Ann.Matarese@noaa.gov NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 1341-8998 J9 ICHTHYOL RES JI Ichthyol. Res. PD APR PY 2011 VL 58 IS 2 BP 170 EP 174 DI 10.1007/s10228-010-0198-7 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 756BY UT WOS:000289987900009 ER PT J AU Moayeri, N Mapar, J Tompkins, S Pahlavan, K AF Moayeri, Nader Mapar, Jalal Tompkins, Stefanie Pahlavan, Kaveh TI EMERGING OPPORTUNITIES FOR LOCALIZATION AND TRACKING SO IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Moayeri, Nader] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Moayeri, Nader] Hewlett Packard Labs, Imaging Technol Dept, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Moayeri, Nader] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. [Mapar, Jalal] SAIC, RDT&E, Mclean, VA USA. [Tompkins, Stefanie] NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Pahlavan, Kaveh] Worcester Polytech Inst, Ctr Wireless Informat Network Studies, Worcester, MA USA. RP Moayeri, N (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nader.moayeri@nist.gov; Jalal.Mapar@dhs.gov; Stefanie.Tompkins@darpa.mil; kavehpahlavan@gmail.com NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1284 J9 IEEE WIREL COMMUN JI IEEE Wirel. Commun. PD APR PY 2011 VL 18 IS 2 BP 8 EP 9 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA 753PI UT WOS:000289791500004 ER PT J AU Ni, LM Zhang, DA Souryal, MR AF Ni, Lionel M. Zhang, Dian Souryal, Michael R. TI RFID-BASED LOCALIZATION AND TRACKING TECHNOLOGIES SO IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article AB Radio frequency identification usually incorporates a tag into an object for the purpose of identification or localization using radio signals. It has gained much attention recently due to its advantages in terms of low cost and ease of deployment. This article presents an overview of RFID-based localization and tracking technologies, including tag-based (e. g., LANDMARC), reader-based (e. g., reverse RFID), transceiver-free, and hybrid approaches. These technologies mainly use the readily available resource of radio signal strength information or RSS change information to localize the target objects. A number of well-known approaches and their limitations are introduced. This article also indicates the challenges and possible solutions in the near and long terms. The challenges include multipath propagation, interference, and localizing multiple objects, among others. Most of these challenges exist not only for RFID-based localization, but also for other RF-based localization technologies. C1 [Ni, Lionel M.; Zhang, Dian] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Souryal, Michael R.] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhang, DA (reprint author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM ni@cse.ust.hk; zhangd@ust.hk; souryal@nist.gov NR 11 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 20 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1284 EI 1558-0687 J9 IEEE WIREL COMMUN JI IEEE Wirel. Commun. PD APR PY 2011 VL 18 IS 2 BP 45 EP 51 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA 753PI UT WOS:000289791500009 ER PT J AU Prasad, K Pitts, WM Yang, JC AF Prasad, K. Pitts, W. M. Yang, J. C. TI A numerical study of the release and dispersion of a buoyant gas in partially confined spaces SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Release and dispersion; Reduced scale modeling ID HYDROGEN; LEAKAGE AB Development of the hydrogen economy will require a better understanding of the potential for fires and explosions associated with the unintended release of hydrogen within a structure. The ability to predict the mixing and dispersion behavior of hydrogen, when accidentally released in a partially confined space (e.g. hydrogen leak from automobiles parked in a residential garage) is critical to the safe use of hydrogen products. Hydrogen release and dispersion in a garage can be simulated using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) tools. However, CFD software needs to be validated with experimental data before it can be used reliably for development of codes and standards appropriate for hydrogen fire safety. This paper assesses the capability of a CFD software package to simulate a set of experiments on the mixing and dispersion behavior of highly buoyant gases in a partially confined geometry. Simulation results accurately captured the overall trend measured in experiments conducted in a reduced scale enclosure with idealized leaks. The difference between experimentally measured peak concentrations and numerical simulation results, averaged over various heights was 2.3%. Sensitivity of the computed results on various model parameters was determined. Results indicate that the size of the leak has a small effect on the predicted concentrations, but the location of the leaks in the garage has a very significant effect on the computed results. This result has important implications on future modeling efforts as well as codes and standards related to hydrogen fire safety. Copyright (C) 2011, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Prasad, K.; Pitts, W. M.; Yang, J. C.] NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Prasad, K (reprint author), NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kprasad@nist.gov NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD APR PY 2011 VL 36 IS 8 BP 5200 EP 5210 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.01.118 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 757GA UT WOS:000290072300060 ER PT J AU Melnikov, VM Zrnic, DS Doviak, RJ Chilson, PB Mechem, DB Kogan, YL AF Melnikov, Valery M. Zrnic, Dusan S. Doviak, Richard J. Chilson, Phillip B. Mechem, David B. Kogan, Yefim L. TI Prospects of the WSR-88D Radar for Cloud Studies SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPECTRUM WIDTH; DOPPLER RADAR; TURBULENCE; PRECIPITATION; SCATTERING; REFLECTIVITY; PARTICLES; CUMULUS; ECHOES; SPACE AB Sounding of nonprecipitating clouds with the 10-cm wavelength Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) is discussed. Readily available enhancements to signal processing and volume coverage patterns of the WSR-88D allow observations of a variety of clouds with reflectivities as low as -25 dBZ (at a range of 10 km). The high sensitivity of the WSR-88D, its wide velocity and unambiguous range intervals, and the absence of attenuation allow accurate measurements of the reflectivity factor, Doppler velocity, and spectrum width fields in clouds to ranges of about 50 km. Fields of polarimetric variables in clouds, observed with a research polarimetric WSR-88D, demonstrate an abundance of information and help to resolve Bragg and particulate scatter. The scanning, Doppler, and polarimetric capabilities of the WSR-88D allow real-time, three-dimensional mapping of cloud processes, such as transformations of hydrometeors between liquid and ice phases. The presence of ice particles is revealed by high differential reflectivities and the lack of correlation between reflectivity and differential reflectivity in clouds in contrast to that found for rain. Pockets of high differential reflectivities are frequently observed in clouds; maximal values of differential reflectivity exceed 8 dB, far above the level observed in rain. The establishment of the WSR-88D network consisting of 157 polarimetric radars can be used to collect cloud data at any radar site, making the network a potentially powerful tool for climatic studies. C1 [Melnikov, Valery M.; Kogan, Yefim L.] Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Zrnic, Dusan S.; Doviak, Richard J.] NOAA OAR Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Chilson, Phillip B.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Chilson, Phillip B.] Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Mechem, David B.] Univ Kansas, Dept Geog, Atmospher Sci Program, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Melnikov, VM (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, 120 David Boren Blvd,Rm 4919, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM valery.melnikov@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma (U.S. Department of Commerce) [NA17RJ1227] FX Mr. M. Schmidt and Mr. R. Wahkinney maintained the WSR-88D KOUN in impeccable condition. We thank Dr. G. Zhang and our anonymous reviewers for their critical review and suggestions that helped us to improve the manuscript. We also thank Dr. C. A. Fiebrich and Ms. A. G. McCombs for their assistance with data from the Oklahoma Mesonet. Funding for this study was provided by the NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227 (U.S. Department of Commerce). NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 50 IS 4 BP 859 EP 872 DI 10.1175/2010JAMC2303.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 757BH UT WOS:000290058400006 ER PT J AU Ryzhkov, A Pinsky, M Pokrovsky, A Khain, A AF Ryzhkov, A. Pinsky, M. Pokrovsky, A. Khain, A. TI Polarimetric Radar Observation Operator for a Cloud Model with Spectral Microphysics SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DUAL-POLARIZATION-RADAR; HYDROMETEOR CLASSIFICATION; PART I; PRECIPITATION; ICE; SUPERCELL; HAIL; REFLECTIVITY; NUCLEATION; SIGNATURES AB The radar observation operator for computation of polarimetric radar variables from the output of numerical cloud models is described in its most generic form. This operator is combined with the Hebrew University of Jerusalem cloud model with spectral microphysics. The model contains 7 classes of hydrometeors and each class is represented by size distribution functions in 43 size bins. The performance of the cloud model and radar observation operator has been evaluated for the case of a hailstorm in Oklahoma on 2 February 2009. It is shown that the retrieved fields of polarimetric radar variables at C and S microwave bands are generally consistent with results of observations. The relationship between microphysical and polarimetric signatures is illustrated. C1 [Pinsky, M.; Pokrovsky, A.; Khain, A.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Atmospher Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Ryzhkov, A.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Ryzhkov, A.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Khain, A (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Atmospher Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. EM khain@vms.huji.ac.il FU Binational U.S.-Israel Science foundation [2006437] FX This study was supported by Binational U.S.-Israel Science foundation (Grant 2006437). The authors thank Mr. P. Kennedy from the Colorado State University and Dr. L. Carey from the University of Alabama in Huntsville for sharing the T-matrix code for two-layer spheroids and valuable instructions. The University of Oklahoma graduate student S. Ganson helped with T-matrix computations. We acknowledge technical support from the NSSL engineers and technicians who maintained and operated KOUN radar. The authors also express deep gratitude to NSSL scientists Drs. D. Zrnic and R. Doviak for their interest to this study and useful advice. The authors express gratitude to N. Benmoshe for help in paper preparation. NR 53 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 50 IS 4 BP 873 EP 894 DI 10.1175/2010JAMC2363.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 757BH UT WOS:000290058400007 ER PT J AU Chen, L Hu, FX Wang, J Shen, J Sun, JR Shen, BG Yin, JH Pan, LQ Huang, QZ AF Chen, L. Hu, F. X. Wang, J. Shen, J. Sun, J. R. Shen, B. G. Yin, J. H. Pan, L. Q. Huang, Q. Z. TI Effect of post-annealing on martensitic transformation and magnetocaloric effect in Ni45Co5Mn36.7In13.3 alloys SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA ID SHAPE-MEMORY ALLOYS; INDUCED PHASE-TRANSFORMATION; X-RAY; ORIGIN AB The metamagnetic alloy Ni45Co5Mn36.7In13.3 was fabricated by conventional arc-melting technique. Subsequent annealing may relax the stress and modify the atom ordering, thus influencing the magnetic properties and martensitic transformation behaviors. Our studies demonstrate that post-annealing at temperatures <= 300 degrees C can lead to a significant change in the magnetic properties and martensitic temperature (T-M). Annealing the sample at 300 degrees C for 3 h can cause a decrease of as much as 30 K in TM (from 319 to 289 K) while retaining strong metamagnetic behaviors. The field-induced metamagnetic transition is accompanied with a large magnetocaloric effect. With an increase in the annealing temperature, the magnitude of the effective magnetic entropy change decreases somewhat, while the refrigeration capacity shows a slight increase. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3565189] C1 [Chen, L.; Hu, F. X.; Wang, J.; Shen, J.; Sun, J. R.; Shen, B. G.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, State Key Lab Magnetism, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Chen, L.; Yin, J. H.; Pan, L. Q.] Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Dept Phys, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Huang, Q. Z.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hu, FX (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, State Key Lab Magnetism, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. EM hufx@g203.iphy.ac.cn RI Shen, Jun/G-6874-2011 NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2011 VL 109 IS 7 AR 07A939 DI 10.1063/1.3565189 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 755PY UT WOS:000289949000323 ER PT J AU Ginley, TP Borchers, JA Kirby, BJ Dennis, CL Carey, MJ Childress, JR AF Ginley, T. P. Borchers, J. A. Kirby, B. J. Dennis, C. L. Carey, M. J. Childress, J. R. TI Magnetization reversal mechanisms in Heusler alloy spin valves SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA AB Ferromagnetic layers composed of Heusler alloys, which are predicted to be 100% spin polarized in bulk, have been incorporated into spin-valve sensors to improve performance. Transport studies of spin valves containing Co(2)MnGe (CMG) in the free and pinned layers show an increase in field-dependent magnetoresistance that is lower than expected. When 0.5 nm CoFe insert layers are added to the top and bottom surfaces of the 8 nm CMG free layer, the magnetoresistance increases by almost 25% relative to that measured in spin valves with CMG alone. Magnetometry data reveal that the transition between the nominal parallel and antiparallel states is sharp for samples with CoFe/CMG/CoFe, but it is sheared for samples with only CMG. To understand this difference, polarized neutron reflectivity (PNR) was used to probe the interfacial magnetic structure of spin valves with and without CoFe. Near the transition, PNR measurements for the CMG-only samples show spin-flip scattering. Fits to the data revealed that the free layer magnetization is canted relative to the field, and the orientation of the magnetization changes as the field is varied. The free layer reversal thus proceeds via coherent rotation rather than domain formation. In contrast, the absence of spin-flip scattering for the CoFe/CMG/CoFe sample in comparable fields indicates that the mechanism for the free layer reversal is domain formation. Structural analysis revealed that the interface between the free and Cu layers is less distinct in the spin valve with CMG alone relative to the CoFe/CMG/CoFe sample. Enhanced roughness may alter the coupling between the free and pinned layers and thus be responsible for both the undesirable reversal behavior and the reduced magnetoresistance. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3551592] C1 [Ginley, T. P.] Juniata Coll, Dept Phys, Huntingdon, PA 16652 USA. [Borchers, J. A.; Kirby, B. J.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Dennis, C. L.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Carey, M. J.; Childress, J. R.] Hitachi Global Storage Technol, San Jose Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95135 USA. RP Ginley, TP (reprint author), Juniata Coll, Dept Phys, Huntingdon, PA 16652 USA. EM julie.borchers@nist.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2011 VL 109 IS 7 AR 07B110 DI 10.1063/1.3551592 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 755PY UT WOS:000289949000336 ER PT J AU Hangarter, CM Hamadani, BH Guyer, JE Xu, H Need, R Josell, D AF Hangarter, C. M. Hamadani, B. H. Guyer, J. E. Xu, H. Need, R. Josell, D. TI Three dimensionally structured interdigitated back contact thin film heterojunction solar cells SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CADMIUM-SULFIDE FILMS; CATHODIC ELECTRODEPOSITION; PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES; LOW-COST; CDTE; DEPOSITION; ARRAY; CDS; CHALLENGES; BARRIER AB Three dimensionally structured thin film photovoltaic devices based on interdigitated arrays of microscale electrodes are examined by external quantum efficiency simulations, indicating considerable J(SC) enhancement is possible through elimination of the front contact and window layer required in planar geometry devices. Electrode parameters including, pitch, width, height, and material are modeled and experimentally probed, demonstrating experimentally and capturing in models dependence on intrinsic material properties and electrode dimensions. In contrast to analogous silicon wafer back contact solar cells where the electrodes are placed on the silicon absorber at the end of processing, in this design the semiconductor is deposited on the electrodes, taking advantage of the thin film processing already required. Electrodeposited CdS/CdTe heterojunction devices approach 1% efficiencies with simulations as well as optical measurements indicating significant potential for improvement. Suboptimal performance is attributed to unintended materials reactions that preclude annealing at the temperatures required for absorber optimization as well as the Schottky barrier formation on the nonoptimal electrode materials. The test bed structures and absorber synthesis processes are amenable to an array of deposition techniques for fabrication and measurements of three dimensionally structured semiconductors, contact materials, and photovoltaic devices subject to processing feasibility and materials compatibility. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3561487] C1 [Hangarter, C. M.; Guyer, J. E.; Need, R.; Josell, D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hamadani, B. H.; Xu, H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xu, H.] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Hangarter, CM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM carlos.hangarter@nist.gov RI Xu, Hua/D-5217-2009; Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Guyer, Jonathan/M-5165-2016; Hangarter, Carlos/M-7924-2016; Need, Ryan/J-7132-2013 OI Guyer, Jonathan/0000-0002-1407-6589; Hangarter, Carlos/0000-0002-7149-0903; Need, Ryan/0000-0002-7595-3338 NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 33 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2011 VL 109 IS 7 AR 073514 DI 10.1063/1.3561487 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 755PY UT WOS:000289949000041 ER PT J AU Heindl, R Rippard, WH Russek, SE Pufall, MR Kos, AB AF Heindl, R. Rippard, W. H. Russek, S. E. Pufall, M. R. Kos, A. B. TI Validity of the thermal activation model for spin-transfer torque switching in magnetic tunnel junctions SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB We have performed spin-transfer torque switching experiments with a large number of trials (up to 10(7) switching events) on nanoscale MgO magnetic tunnel junctions in order to test the validity and the limits of the thermal activation model for spin-torque-assisted switching. Three different methods derived from the model ("read disturb rate," " switching voltage versus pulse duration," and " switching voltage distribution" measurements) are used to determine the thermal stability factor and the intrinsic switching voltage. The results obtained from the first two methods agree well with each other as well as with values obtained from quasistatic measurements, if we use only the data for which the voltage is smaller than approximately 0.8 of the intrinsic switching voltage. This agreement also shows that, in our samples, in the low voltage region, the influence from other factors contributing to the switching (such as current-induced heating and field-like torque) is negligible. The third method (switching voltage distribution measurements) yields incorrect values for the time-scales (< 1 mu s) at which the experiments are performed. Macrospin simulations confirm our findings that the model must be applied only in the low voltage limit, and that in certain devices this limit can extend up to about 0.9 of the intrinsic switching voltage. [doi:10.1063/1.3562136] C1 [Heindl, R.; Rippard, W. H.; Russek, S. E.; Pufall, M. R.; Kos, A. B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Heindl, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM heindl@nist.gov FU OMP; ARRA; DARPA FX The authors acknowledge support by OMP, ARRA, and DARPA. The authors thank Dr. Jurgen Langer of the Singulus Technologies AG for providing the wafers with the starting thin-film stack. NR 17 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2011 VL 109 IS 7 AR 073910 DI 10.1063/1.3562136 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 755PY UT WOS:000289949000084 ER PT J AU Krycka, KL Jackson, AJ Borchers, JA Shih, J Briber, R Ivkov, R Gruttner, C Dennis, CL AF Krycka, K. L. Jackson, A. J. Borchers, J. A. Shih, J. Briber, R. Ivkov, R. Gruettner, C. Dennis, C. L. TI Internal magnetic structure of dextran coated magnetite nanoparticles in solution using small angle neutron scattering with polarization analysis SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA AB For many applications, the internal magnetic domain structure of magnetic nanoparticles may play a critical role in the determination of their collective magnetic properties. Here we utilize polarization analyzed small angle neutron scattering (PASANS) to study the individual magnetic morphologies of an interacting aqueous Fe3O4 nanoparticle system. Our results demonstrate that the total magnetic moment of the colloid is randomized, as expected in low fields, while the nuclear structure is anisotropic. Model fits indicate that the magnetic domains within the nanoparticle core at 1.5 mT have dimensions that approximate those of the structural grains perpendicular to the field, but the domains extend over multiple grains along the field direction. The asymmetry in the magnetic domain formation in weak fields undoubtedly contributes to the magnetic anisotropy and thus to the enhanced heating reported for hyperthermia applications of these systems. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3540589] C1 [Dennis, C. L.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Krycka, K. L.; Jackson, A. J.; Borchers, J. A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jackson, A. J.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Shih, J.; Briber, R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ivkov, R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol & Mol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA. [Gruettner, C.] Micromod Partikeltechnol GmbH, D-18119 Rostock, Germany. RP Dennis, CL (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cindi.dennis@nist.gov RI Jackson, Andrew/B-9793-2008; Briber, Robert/A-3588-2012; Ivkov, Robert/A-3902-2015 OI Jackson, Andrew/0000-0002-6296-0336; Briber, Robert/0000-0002-8358-5942; Ivkov, Robert/0000-0002-2930-5276 NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2011 VL 109 IS 7 AR 07B513 DI 10.1063/1.3540589 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 755PY UT WOS:000289949000371 ER PT J AU Quilfen, Y Vandemark, D Chapron, B Feng, H Sienkiewicz, J AF Quilfen, Yves Vandemark, Doug Chapron, Bertrand Feng, Hui Sienkiewicz, Joe TI Estimating Gale to Hurricane Force Winds Using the Satellite Altimeter SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPEED ALGORITHM; TROPICAL CYCLONES; WAVE HEIGHT; BAND AB A new model is provided for estimating maritime near-surface wind speeds (U-10) from satellite altimeter backscatter data during high wind conditions. The model is built using coincident satellite scatterometer and altimeter observations obtained from QuikSCAT and Jason satellite orbit crossovers in 2008 and 2009. The new wind measurements are linear with inverse radar backscatter levels, a result close to the earlier altimeter high wind speed model of Young (1993). By design, the model only applies for wind speeds above 18 m s(-1). Above this level, standard altimeter wind speed algorithms are not reliable and typically underestimate the true value. Simple rules for applying the new model to the present-day suite of satellite altimeters (Jason-1, Jason-2, and En visa: RA-2) are provided, with a key objective being provision of enhanced data for near-real-time forecast and warning applications surrounding gale to hurricane force wind events. Model limitations and strengths arc discussed and highlight the valuable 5-km spatial resolution sea state and wind speed altimeter information that can complement other data sources included in forecast guidance and air sea interaction studies. C1 [Quilfen, Yves] IFREMER, Ctr Brest, Space Oceanog Lab, F-29280 Plouzane, France. [Vandemark, Doug; Feng, Hui] Univ New Hampshire, Ocean Proc Anal Lab, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Sienkiewicz, Joe] NCEP NOAA, Ocean Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Quilfen, Y (reprint author), IFREMER, Ctr Brest, Space Oceanog Lab, BP70, F-29280 Plouzane, France. EM yves.quilfen@ifremer.fr RI Chapron, Bertrand/O-6527-2015; Quilfen, Yves/A-1824-2016 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 28 IS 4 BP 453 EP 458 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-10-05000.1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 757AZ UT WOS:000290057600001 ER PT J AU Fang, M Doviak, RJ Albrecht, BA AF Fang, Ming Doviak, Richard J. Albrecht, Bruce A. TI Significance of the Coupled Term in the Doppler Weather Radar Spectrum Width Equation SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERE; PARAMETERS; TURBULENCE; WIND AB There is an additional zero mean random variable term that couples mean wind shear and turbulence in the Doppler radar spectrum width equation. This random variable, labeled the "coupled term," has been neglected heretofore in the literature. Herein, the variance of the squared spectrum width ascribed to this coupled term is determined from data collected with a Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) in two snowstorms; it can exceed 1 m(4) s(-4). Thus, this coupled term can be a significant contributor to the variance of the spectrum width and must be considered when using spectrum width to deduce turbulence. C1 [Fang, Ming; Albrecht, Bruce A.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Doviak, Richard J.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Fang, M (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM mfang@rsmas.miami.edu FU NSF [ATM0715235]; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA/University of Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227] FX This work was supported by NSF Grant ATM0715235 and funding from NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA/University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227. The authors thank the reviewers for thoughtful comments and suggestions that improved the manuscript. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 28 IS 4 BP 539 EP 547 DI 10.1175/2011JTECHA1442.1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 757AZ UT WOS:000290057600007 ER PT J AU Ndiaye, O Ward, MN Thiaw, WM AF Ndiaye, Ousmane Ward, M. Neil Thiaw, Wassila M. TI Predictability of Seasonal Sahel Rainfall Using GCMs and Lead-Time Improvements Through the Use of a Coupled Model SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL NORTH-AFRICA; SAHARAN WEATHER ANOMALIES; SUMMER RAINFALL; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; CIRCULATION PATTERNS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ATLANTIC; VARIABILITY; PREDICTION AB The ability of several atmosphere-only and coupled ocean atmosphere general circulation models (AGCMs and CGCMs, respectively) is explored for the prediction of seasonal July-September (JAS) Sahel rainfall. The AGCMs driven with observed sea surface temperature (SST) over the period 1968-2001 confirm the poor ability of such models to represent interannual Sahel rainfall variability. However, using a model output statistics (MOS) approach with the predicted low-level wind field over the tropical Atlantic and western part of West Africa yields good Sahel rainfall skill for all models. Skill is mostly captured in the leading empirical orthogonal function (EOF1), representing large-scale fluctuation in the regional circulation system over the tropical Atlantic. This finding has operational significance for the utility of AGCMs for short lead-time prediction based on persistence of June SST information; however, studies have shown that for longer lead-time forecasts, there is substantial loss of skill, relative to that achieved using the observed JAS SST. The potential of CGCMs is therefore explored for extending the lead time of Sahel rainfall predictions. Some of the models studied, when initialized using April information, show potential to at least match the levels of skill achievable from assuming persistence of April SST. One model [NCEP Climate Forecasting System (CFS)] was found to be particularly promising. Diagnosis of the hindcasts available for the CFS (from lead times up to six months for 1981-2008) suggests that, especially by applying the same MOS approach, skill is achieved through capturing interannual variations in Sahel rainfall (primarily related to El Nino-Southern Oscillation in the period of study), as well as the upward trend in Sahel rainfall that is observed over 1981 2008, which has been accompanied by a relative warming in the North Atlantic compared to the South Atlantic. At lead times up to six months (initialized forecasts in December), skill levels are maintained with the correlation between predicted and observed Sahel rainfall at approximately r = 0.6. While such skill levels at these long lead times are notably higher than previously achieved, further experiments, such as over the same period and with comparable AGCMs, are required for definitive attribution of the advance to the use of a coupled ocean atmosphere modeling approach. Nonetheless, the detrended skill achieved here by the January-March initializations (r = 0.33) must require an approach that captures the evolution of the key ocean-atmosphere anomalies from boreal winter to boreal summer, and approaches that draw on persistence in ocean conditions have not previously been successful. C1 [Ndiaye, Ousmane] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY USA. [Ndiaye, Ousmane] Agence Natl Meteorol Senegal, Dakar, Senegal. [Ward, M. Neil] Columbia Univ, Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, Palisades, NY USA. [Thiaw, Wassila M.] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Ndiaye, O (reprint author), 133 Monell Bldg,LDEO Campus, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM ousmane@iri.columbia.edu FU NOAA [NA05OAR4311004, NA06GP0482] FX This work was supported through NOAA Grants NA05OAR4311004 and NA06GP0482. The authors gratefully acknowledge the production of the GCM simulations at NCEP/NOAA, GFDL, the Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies (COLA), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)'s Seasonal-to-Interannual Prediction Project (NSIPP), Experimental Climate Prediction Center (ECPC), International Research Institute for Climate Prediction (IRI), and through the EU DEMETER project. We thank Dave DeWitt for discussions on coupled models, and Simon Mason for guidance on the MOS procedures. We thank Benno Blumenthal (IRI data library) for processing and serving the datasets used in this study. NR 53 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR 1 PY 2011 VL 24 IS 7 BP 1931 EP 1949 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3557.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 757BG UT WOS:000290058300006 ER PT J AU Wagner, D Papastamatiou, YP Kosaki, RK Gleason, KA McFall, GB Boland, RC Pyle, RL Toonen, RJ AF Wagner, Daniel Papastamatiou, Yannis P. Kosaki, Randall K. Gleason, Kelly A. McFall, Greg B. Boland, Raymond C. Pyle, Richard L. Toonen, Robert J. TI New Records of Commercially Valuable Black Corals (Cnidaria: Antipatharia) from the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands at Mesophotic Depths SO PACIFIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ANTHOZOA ANTIPATHARIA; CARIJOA-RIISEI; ZOOGEOGRAPHY; SYSTEMATICS; ACROPORA AB Mesophotic coral reef ecosystems are notoriously undersurveyed worldwide and particularly in remote locations like the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). A total of 37 mixed-gas technical dives were performed to depths of 80 m across the NWHI to survey for the presence of the invasive octocoral Carijoa sp., the invasive red alga Acanthophora spicifera, and conspicuous megabenthic fauna such as black corals. The two invasive species were not recorded from any of the surveys, but two commercially valuable black coral species, Antipathes griggi and Myriopathes ulex, were found, representing substantial range expansions for these species. Antipathes griggi was recorded from the islands of Necker and Laysan in 58-70 m, and Myriopathes ulex was recorded from Necker Island and Pearl and Hermes Atoll in 58-70 in. Despite over 30 yr of research in the NWHI, these black coral species had remained undetected. The new records of these conspicuous marine species highlight the utility of deep-diving technologies in surveying the largest part of the depth range of coral reef ecosystems (40-150 m), which remains largely unexplored. C1 [Wagner, Daniel; Toonen, Robert J.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Papastamatiou, Yannis P.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Kosaki, Randall K.; Gleason, Kelly A.] NOAA Papahanaumokuakea Marine Natl Monument, Honolulu, HI 96825 USA. [McFall, Greg B.] NOAA, Natl Marine Sanctuary Program, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. [Boland, Raymond C.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Pyle, Richard L.] Bernice P Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. RP Wagner, D (reprint author), Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. EM wagnerda@hawaii.edu RI Toonen, Rob/K-2891-2012 OI Toonen, Rob/0000-0001-6339-4340 FU Western Pacific Fisheries Management Council to the University of Hawai'i through the NOAA [NA07N-MF4410114]; NSF [OCE-0623678]; NMSP MOA [2005-008/66882] FX This work was funded in part by the Western Pacific Fisheries Management Council to the University of Hawai'i through the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Giant Program under award number NA07N-MF4410114, NSF OCE-0623678, and NMSP MOA#2005-008/66882. This is HIMR contribution 1395 and SOEST 7986. Manuscript accepted 30 July 2010. NR 43 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0030-8870 J9 PAC SCI JI Pac. Sci. PD APR PY 2011 VL 65 IS 2 BP 249 EP 255 DI 10.2984/65.2.249 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 753WV UT WOS:000289811900008 ER PT J AU Wong-Ng, W Yang, Z Kaduk, JA Cook, LP Diwanji, S Lucas, C AF Wong-Ng, W. Yang, Z. Kaduk, J. A. Cook, L. P. Diwanji, S. Lucas, C. TI Interactions of Ba2YCu3O6+x with SrTiO3 substrate SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Coated conductors; Ba2YCu3O6+x and SrTiO3 interactions; Reaction products; Structure of (Ba,Sr)(2)RCu3O6+x(R = Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, and Er) ID CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; CURRENT-DENSITY; SYSTEMS; SUPERCONDUCTOR; DEPOSITION; GROWTH; BUFFER; TAPES AB This paper describes the crystal chemistry and crystallography of the products of reaction of Ba2YCu3O6+x with the SrTiO3 buffer, which is a model system for coated conductors. A systematic study of the chemical interactions of Ba2YCu3O6+x and SrTiO3 was conducted under 100 Pa p(O2) (0.1% p(O2)). The compounds determined based on the reactions of the bulk Ba2YCu3O6+x and SrTiO3 include (Ba,Sr)YTi2O8.5, (Ba,Sr)(2)YCu3O6+x, (Ba,Sr)TiO3, (Ba,Sr)(2)TiO4, and CuO. The crystal structures of (Ba,Sr)RTi2O8.5 (R = Y and lanthanides), (Ba,Sr)TiO3, (Ba,Sr)(2)TiO4, which have been previously reported, are reviewed. Detailed description of the (Ba, Sr)(2)RCu3O6+x (R = Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, and Er) structure, as determined using X-ray Rietveld refinements, is given. Reference patterns of selected reaction products have been prepared and submitted to the Powder Diffraction File (PDF). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wong-Ng, W.; Yang, Z.; Cook, L. P.; Diwanji, S.; Lucas, C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kaduk, J. A.] Poly Crystallog Inc, Naperville, IL 60540 USA. RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU US Department of Energy; International Centre for diffraction Data FX Partial financial support from the US Department of Energy and International Centre for diffraction Data is acknowledged. Mr. N. Swanson was thanked for his assistance in graphic presentations. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD APR PY 2011 VL 471 IS 7-8 BP 250 EP 257 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2011.02.005 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 757HS UT WOS:000290076700009 ER PT J AU McFadden, GB Coriell, SR Lott, PA AF McFadden, G. B. Coriell, S. R. Lott, P. A. TI Onset of morphological instability in two binary liquid layers SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID CONVECTION AB We consider the linear stability of a horizontal liquid bilayer subject to vertical heating. The two layers consist of a binary liquid that has undergone a phase transition, resulting in a horizontal interphase boundary between two phases with different compositions. We perform linear stability calculations to determine the critical values for the applied temperature difference across the system that is necessary to produce instability using both numerical computations and small-wavenumber approximations. We focus on an instability primarily due to the phase change, which can occur in the absence of buoyancy and surface-tension-driven convection. We find both direct and oscillatory modes of instability, either of which can persist to small wavenumbers that allow approximate analytical descriptions. The interaction of flow with a deforming phase boundary plays a critical role in the instability, and the results are compared to morphological stability results that can be obtained in the absence of flow. [doi:10.1063/1.3567188] C1 [McFadden, G. B.; Coriell, S. R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lott, P. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP McFadden, GB (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mcfadden@nist.gov RI McFadden, Geoffrey/A-7920-2008 OI McFadden, Geoffrey/0000-0001-6723-2103 FU National Research Council; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was supported in part by a National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship and performed in part under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD APR PY 2011 VL 23 IS 4 AR 044102 DI 10.1063/1.3567188 PG 8 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 756YF UT WOS:000290050000025 ER PT J AU Pettibone, JM Hudgens, JW AF Pettibone, John M. Hudgens, Jeffrey W. TI Gold Cluster Formation with Phosphine Ligands: Etching as a Size-Selective Synthetic Pathway for Small Clusters? SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE colorimetric assay; growth mechanism; nucleation; ligand-protected clusters; nanoparticles; triphenylphosphine ID X-RAY STRUCTURE; EXCHANGE REACTIONS; SODIUM-BOROHYDRIDE; COLLOIDAL GOLD; AU CLUSTERS; NANOPARTICLES; COMPLEXES; GROWTH; NANOCLUSTERS; CATALYSIS AB Triphenylphosphine (Pph(3)) is commonly used during syntheses of stable, dosed-shell monolayer protected dusters (MPCs). Models of transition metal (TM) cluster and nanoparticle syntheses commonly assign PPh3 a passive role as a chemical placeholder, electron balancing species, or surfactant. This study provides the first direct evidence that PPh3 is a proactive etching agent that promotes the formation of specific dosed-shell cluster sizes. To observe this effect, we developed a colorimetric tool that simultaneously monitors size distribution and population of PPh3-protected clusters as a function of time. The distribution of the clusters is assigned to different bin sizes by chemical conversion with L-3 (L-3 = 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane): (i) total conversion of PPh3-protected Au-8 and Au-9 dusters into [Au6L43)(2+) and (ii) ligand exchange with (Au-x(PPh3)(y)](z+) (10 <= x <= 13) clusters to form L-3-protected Au-10 and Au-11 clusters. Evolution of the nascent cluster distribution in ethanol and methanol solvent systems was monitored by the colorimetric assay, which revealed a cyclic process of growth and etching reactions around the most stable duster species to form nearly monodisperse product distributions. We formally define the population growth of specific dusters through cyclic processing of the Au MPCs as "size selective" processing. The current study highlights the need for incorporating bidirectional processing, including relative rate information, into TM kinetic models for ligands with growth and etching efficacy. C1 [Pettibone, John M.; Hudgens, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hudgens, JW (reprint author), NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hudgens@nist.gov FU National Research Council FX J.M.P. acknowledges the National Research Council for an associate fellowship. NR 60 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 85 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD APR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 4 BP 2989 EP 3002 DI 10.1021/nn200053b PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 753CJ UT WOS:000289742100067 PM 21381761 ER PT J AU Strelcov, E Davydov, AV Lanke, U Watts, C Kolmakov, A AF Strelcov, Evgheni Davydov, Albert V. Lanke, Uday Watts, Clay Kolmakov, Andrei TI In Situ Monitoring of the Growth, Intermediate Phase Transformations and Templating of Single Crystal VO2 Nanowires and Nanoplatelets SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article ID METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; RAY-ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; VANADIUM DIOXIDE; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; THIN-FILMS; SURFACE; TEMPERATURE; OXIDE; V2O5; NANOBEAMS AB Direct In situ optical and photoelectron emission microscopy observations of the nucleation and growth of VO2 meso- and nanostructures using thermal transport of V2O5 precursor In a vacuum or in an inert-gas environment were conducted. During nanostructure reductive growth, the formation, coexistence, and transformation of the intermediate oxide phases and morphologies were observed and characterized structurally and compositionally. The composition, structure, and morphology of the resultant nanostructures appeared to be a product of the interplay between kinetic and thermodynamic factors during multiple phase transformations. By rationally "navigating" the growth parameters using knowledge of the vanadium oxygen temperature composition phase diagram, wetting behavior, and epitaxial relationships of the intermediate phases with the substrate, control over growth direction, faceting, shape, and elastic strain of the nanostructures can be achieved. Such versatile control over the properties of single-crystal VO2 nano- and mesostructures will facilitate their application in MEMS, sensors, and optoelectronics. C1 [Strelcov, Evgheni; Watts, Clay; Kolmakov, Andrei] So Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Davydov, Albert V.] NIST, MML, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lanke, Uday] Canadian Light Source Inc, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. RP Kolmakov, A (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM akolmakov@physics.siu.edu RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010; Strelcov, Evgheni/H-1654-2013; Kolmakov, Andrei/B-1460-2017 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311; Kolmakov, Andrei/0000-0001-5299-4121 FU NSF [ECCS-0925837, SISGR-DOE ERKCM67]; NSERC; NRC of Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Province of Saskatchewan; Western Economic Diversification Canada; University of Saskatchewan FX The research was funded through NSF ECCS-0925837 and SISGR-DOE ERKCM67 grants. PEEM-NEXAFS measurements were performed at the Canadian Light Source, which is supported by the NSERC, NRC of Canada, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Province of Saskatchewan, Western Economic Diversification Canada, and the University of Saskatchewan. The authors also highly appreciate the careful reading and valuable suggestions made by M. L. Wilshaw-Watts and by D. Josell of NIST. NR 46 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 9 U2 97 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD APR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 4 BP 3373 EP 3384 DI 10.1021/nn2007089 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 753CJ UT WOS:000289742100113 PM 21428376 ER PT J AU Zammarano, M Maupin, PH Sung, LP Gilman, JW McCarthy, ED Kim, YS Fox, DM AF Zammarano, Mauro Maupin, Paul H. Sung, Li-Piin Gilman, Jeffrey W. McCarthy, Edward D. Kim, Yeon S. Fox, Douglas M. TI Revealing the Interface in Polymer Nanocomposites SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE nanocomposite; interface; fluorescence; FRET; confocal microscopy ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; CELLULOSE; DISPERSION; MONTMORILLONITE; FLAMMABILITY; EXFOLIATION; POLYSTYRENE AB The morphological characterization of polymer nanocomposites over multiple length scales is a fundamental challenge. Here, we report a technique for high throughput monitoring of Interface and dispersion in polymer nanocomposites based on Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET). Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC), fluorescently labeled with 5-(4,6-dichlorotriazinyl)-aminofluorescein (FL) and dispersed Into polyethylene (PE) doped with Coumarin 30 (C30), is used as a model system to assess the ability of FRET to evaluate the effect of processing on NFC dispersion in PE. The level of energy transfer and its standard deviation, measured by fluorescence spectroscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), are exploited to monitor the extent of interface formation and composite homogeneity, respectively. FRET algorithms are used to generate color-coded images for a real-space observation of energy transfer efficiency. These images reveal Interface formation at a nanoscale while probing a macroscale area that is large enough to be representative of the entire sample. The unique ability of this technique to simultaneously provide orientation/spatial information at a macroscale and nanoscale features, encoded in the FRET signal, provides a new powerful tool for structure-property-processing investigation in polymer nanocomposites. C1 [Zammarano, Mauro; Fox, Douglas M.] American Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Zammarano, Mauro; Sung, Li-Piin; Kim, Yeon S.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zammarano, Mauro; Gilman, Jeffrey W.; McCarthy, Edward D.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Maupin, Paul H.] US DOE, Chem Sci Geosci & Biosci Div, Off Basic Energy Sci, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Zammarano, M (reprint author), American Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA. EM mzam@nist.gov RI KIM, YEON SEOK/J-5864-2012; OI Zammarano, Mauro/0000-0002-5145-7110 FU Air Force office of Scientific Research [F1ATA00236G002]; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX Financial support was provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the Air Force office of Scientific Research under Award No. F1ATA00236G002. NR 43 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 61 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD APR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 4 BP 3391 EP 3399 DI 10.1021/nn102951n PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 753CJ UT WOS:000289742100115 PM 21410222 ER PT J AU Thompson, AM Oltmans, SJ Tarasick, DW von der Gathen, P Smit, HGJ Witte, JC AF Thompson, Anne M. Oltmans, Samuel J. Tarasick, David. W. von der Gathen, Peter Smit, Herman G. J. Witte, Jacquelyn C. TI Strategic ozone sounding networks: Review of design and accomplishments SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE Ozone; Ozonesondes; TTL; Stratosphere-troposphere exchange; Tropospheric ozone; Tropics; Ozone depleticn ID TROPICAL TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; MAPPING SPECTROMETER TOMS; DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; WAVE INDUCED LAMINAE; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; ARCTIC POLAR VORTEX; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; LOSS RATES; CHEMICAL DEPLETION; SEASONAL EVOLUTION AB Ozone soundings are used to integrate models, satellite, aircraft and ground-based measurements for better interpretation of ozone variability, including atmospheric losses (predominantly in the stratosphere) and pollution (troposphere). A well-designed network of ozonesonde stations gives information with high vertical and horizontal resolution on a number of dynamical and chemical processes, allowing us to answer questions not possible with aircraft campaigns or current satellite technology. Strategic ozonesonde networks are discussed for high, mid- and low latitude studies. The Match sounding network was designed specifically to follow ozone depletion within the polar vortex: the standard sites are at middle to high northern hemisphere latitudes and typically operate from December through mid-March. Three mid-latitude strategic networks (the IONS series) operated over North America in July-August 2004, March-May and August 2006, and April and June-July-2008. These were designed to address questions about tropospheric ozone budgets and sources, including stratosphere-troposphere transport, and to validate satellite instruments and models. A global network focusing on processes in the equatorial zone, SHADOZ (Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes), has operated since 1998 in partnership with NOAA, NASA and the Meteorological Services of host countries. Examples of important findings from these networks are described. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Thompson, Anne M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Oltmans, Samuel J.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Environm Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Tarasick, David. W.] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [von der Gathen, Peter] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Smit, Herman G. J.] FZ Juelich, Inst Chem & Dynam Geosphere Troposphere ICG 2, D-52428 Julich, Germany. [Witte, Jacquelyn C.] NASA, SSAI, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Thompson, AM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM amt16@psu.edu; samuel.j.oltmans@noaa.gov; david.tarasick@ec.gc.ca; peter.von.der.gathen@awi.de; h.smit@fz-juelich.de; Jacquelyn.witte@nasa.gov RI von der Gathen, Peter/B-8515-2009; Smit, Herman/J-2397-2012; Thompson, Anne /C-3649-2014; OI von der Gathen, Peter/0000-0001-7409-1556; Smit, Herman/0000-0002-2268-4189; Thompson, Anne /0000-0002-7829-0920; Tarasick, David/0000-0001-9869-0692 NR 159 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD APR PY 2011 VL 45 IS 13 BP 2145 EP 2163 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.05.002 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 753ZG UT WOS:000289819200001 ER PT J AU Avnery, S Mauzerall, DL Liu, JF Horowitz, LW AF Avnery, Shiri Mauzerall, Denise L. Liu, Junfeng Horowitz, Larry W. TI Global crop yield reductions due to surface ozone exposure: 1. Year 2000 crop production losses and economic damage SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Ozone; Ozone impacts; Agriculture; Crop loss; Integrated assessment ID METHANE EMISSION CONTROLS; AGRICULTURAL CROPS; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; PRECURSOR GASES; NORTH-AMERICAN; SOUTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; AIR; IMPACT; INDIA AB Exposure to elevated concentrations of surface ozone (O(3)) causes substantial reductions in the agricultural yields of many crops. As emissions of O(3) precursors rise in many parts of the world over the next few decades, yield reductions from O(3) exposure appear likely to increase the challenges of feeding a global population projected to grow from 6 to 9 billion between 2000 and 2050. This study estimates year 2000 global yield reductions of three key staple crops (soybean, maize, and wheat) due to surface ozone exposure using hourly O(3) concentrations simulated by the Model for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers version 2.4 (MOZART-2). We calculate crop losses according to two metrics of ozone exposure - seasonal daytime (08:00-19:59) mean O(3) (M12) and accumulated O(3) above a threshold of 40 ppbv (AOT40) - and predict crop yield losses using crop-specific O(3) concentration:response functions established by field studies. Our results indicate that year 2000 O(3)-induced global yield reductions ranged, depending on the metric used, from 8.5-14% for soybean, 3.9-15% for wheat, and 2.2-5.5% for maize. Global crop production losses totaled 79-121 million metric tons, worth $11-18 billion annually (USD(2000)). Our calculated yield reductions agree well with previous estimates, providing further evidence that yields of major crops across the globe are already being substantially reduced by exposure to surface ozone - a risk that will grow unless O(3)-precursor emissions are curbed in the future or crop cultivars are developed and utilized that are resistant to O(3). (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Avnery, Shiri; Mauzerall, Denise L.] Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Program Sci Technol & Environm Policy, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Mauzerall, Denise L.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Liu, Junfeng; Horowitz, Larry W.] Princeton Univ, NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Mauzerall, DL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Program Sci Technol & Environm Policy, 495 Robertson Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM savnery@princeton.edu; mauzeral@princeton.edu; Junfeng.Liu@noaa.gov; Larry.Horowitz@noaa.gov RI Mauzerall, Denise/I-5977-2013; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014 OI Mauzerall, Denise/0000-0003-3479-1798; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314 FU NASA [NNX10A971H] FX We thank N. Ramankutty and C. Monfreda for providing us with pre-publication access to their global crop area and yield datasets. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments and suggestions, which greatly improved the quality of this paper. S. Avnery was supported by the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program, Grant NNX10A971H. NR 67 TC 122 Z9 128 U1 19 U2 110 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD APR PY 2011 VL 45 IS 13 BP 2284 EP 2296 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.11.045 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 753ZG UT WOS:000289819200014 ER PT J AU Avnery, S Mauzerall, DL Liu, JF Horowitz, LW AF Avnery, Shiri Mauzerall, Denise L. Liu, Junfeng Horowitz, Larry W. TI Global crop yield reductions due to surface ozone exposure: 2. Year 2030 potential crop production losses and economic damage under two scenarios of O-3 pollution SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Surface ozone; Ozone impacts; Agriculture; Crop loss; Integrated assessment ID TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; UNITED-STATES; AGRICULTURAL CROPS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; AIR-QUALITY; IMPACT; RESPONSES; EUROPE; TRENDS AB We examine the potential global risk of increasing surface ozone (O-3) exposure to three key staple crops (soybean, maize, and wheat) in the near future (year 2030) according to two trajectories of O-3 pollution: the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (IPCC SRES) A2 and B1 storylines, which represent upper- and lower-boundary projections, respectively, of most O-3 precursor emissions in 2030. We use simulated hourly O-3 concentrations from the Model for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers version 2.4 (MOZART-2), satellite-derived datasets of agricultural production, and field-based concentration:response relationships to calculate crop yield reductions resulting from O-3 exposure. We then calculate the associated crop production losses and their economic value. We compare our results to the estimated impact of O-3 on global agriculture in the year 2000, which we assessed in our companion paper [Avnery et al., 2011]. In the A2 scenario we find global year 2030 yield loss of wheat due to O-3 exposure ranges from 5.4 to 26% (a further reduction in yield of +1.5-10% from year 2000 values), 15-19% for soybean (reduction of +0.9-11%), and 4.4-8.7% for maize (reduction of +2.1-3.2%) depending on the metric used, with total global agricultural losses worth $17-35 billion USD2000 annually (an increase of +$6-17 billion in losses from 2000). Under the B1 scenario, we project less severe but still substantial reductions in yields in 2030: 4.0-17% for wheat (a further decrease in yield of +0.1-1.8% from 2000), 9.5-15% for soybean (decrease of +0.7-1.0%), and 2.5-6.0% for maize (decrease of + 0.3-0.5%), with total losses worth $12-21 billion annually (an increase of +$1-3 billion in losses from 2000). Because our analysis uses crop data from the year 2000, which likely underestimates agricultural production in 2030 due to the need to feed a population increasing from approximately 6 to 8 billion people between 2000 and 2030, our calculations of crop production and economic losses are highly conservative. Our results suggest that O-3 pollution poses a growing threat to global food security even under an optimistic scenario of future ozone precursor emissions. Further efforts to reduce surface O-3 concentrations thus provide an excellent opportunity to increase global grain yields without the environmental degradation associated with additional fertilizer application or land cultivation. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mauzerall, Denise L.] Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Avnery, Shiri] Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Program Sci Technol & Environm Policy, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Liu, Junfeng; Horowitz, Larry W.] Princeton Univ, NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Mauzerall, DL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 445 Robertson Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM savnery@princeton.edu; mauzeral@princeton.edu; junfeng.liu@noaa.gov; larry.horowitz@noaa.gov RI Mauzerall, Denise/I-5977-2013; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014 OI Mauzerall, Denise/0000-0003-3479-1798; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314 FU NASA [NNX10A971H] FX We thank N. Ramankutty and C. Monfreda for providing us with pre-publication access to their global crop area and yield datasets. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments and suggestions, which greatly improved the quality of this paper. S. Avnery was supported by the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program, Grant NNX10A971H. NR 53 TC 82 Z9 87 U1 13 U2 81 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD APR PY 2011 VL 45 IS 13 BP 2297 EP 2309 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.01.002 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 753ZG UT WOS:000289819200015 ER PT J AU Adams, DK Fernandes, RMS Kursinski, ER Maia, JM Sapucci, LF Machado, LAT Vitorello, I Monico, JFG Holub, KL Gutman, SI Filizola, N Bennett, RA AF Adams, David K. Fernandes, Rui M. S. Kursinski, E. Robert Maia, Jair M. Sapucci, Luiz F. Machado, Luiz A. T. Vitorello, Icaro Galera Monico, Joao Francisco Holub, Kirk L. Gutman, Seth I. Filizola, Naziano Bennett, Richard A. TI A dense GNSS meteorological network for observing deep convection in the Amazon SO ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE precipitable water vapor; cold pools; water vapor tomography; GPS; Brazil ID HIGH-RESOLUTION SIMULATION; VERTICAL WIND SHEARS; WATER-VAPOR; TROPICAL CONVECTION; GPS; ORGANIZATION; TRANSITION; SHALLOW; REGION; WAVES AB A dense Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) meteorological network (similar to 20 stations) in the central Amazon Basin in Brazil is being developed for long-term studies of deep convection/water vapor interactions and feedback. In this article, the network is described and preliminary results are presented: GNSS-derived precipitable water vapor is useful for tracking water vapor advection and in identifying convective events and water vapor convergence timescales. Upon network completion (early 2011), 3D water vapor field analyses and participation in the intensive field campaign GPM-CHUVA will provide unique data sets for initializing, constraining or validating high-resolution models or refining convective parameterizations. Copyright (C) 2011 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Adams, David K.] Univ Estado Amazonas, CESTU, BR-69050010 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Fernandes, Rui M. S.] Univ Beira Interior, Inst Geophys D Luiz, Covilha, Portugal. [Kursinski, E. Robert] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. [Maia, Jair M.] Inst Nacl Pesquisas Amazonia LBA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Sapucci, Luiz F.; Machado, Luiz A. T.] Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, Ctr Previsao Tempo & Estudos Climat, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Vitorello, Icaro] Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, Div Geofis Espacial, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Galera Monico, Joao Francisco] Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Cartog, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Holub, Kirk L.; Gutman, Seth I.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Filizola, Naziano] Univ Fed Amazonas, Dept Geog, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Bennett, Richard A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Adams, DK (reprint author), Univ Estado Amazonas, CESTU, 3578 Av Djalma Batista, BR-69050010 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. EM dave.k.adams@gmail.com RI Vitorello, Icaro/K-4925-2013; Sapucci, Luiz/B-2345-2014; Machado, Luiz/C-4314-2012; Holub, Kirk/N-3744-2014; MONICO, JOAO/B-7754-2012; Fernandes, Rui/B-6972-2008 OI Vitorello, Icaro/0000-0001-9113-1900; Machado, Luiz/0000-0002-8243-1706; Holub, Kirk/0000-0001-5378-576X; MONICO, JOAO/0000-0003-4101-9261; Fernandes, Rui/0000-0002-9733-284X FU LBA/INPA; UEA; FAPESP [2009/15235-8] FX We thank Antonio Manzi (LBA/INPA) and Jorg Ohly (UEA) for logistical/financial support; Cicero Leite, Daniel Masaaki, Kleberson Serique (LBA/INPA) provided technical support. Thanks to Cyrus Jones (University of Arizona) and Jim Normandeau (UNAVCO) for technical support and to Patricia Sachez Lizardi for comments on the original draft. We thank the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. The cooperation project 0050.0045370.08.4 between PETROBRAS and INPE is acknowledged for providing their GNSS data which will be utilized in this study. The CHUVA project acknowledges FAPESP grant 2009/15235-8. Special thanks go to Joao Queiroz and Reserva Soka Gakkai for hosting stations. NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1530-261X J9 ATMOS SCI LETT JI Atmos. Sci. Lett. PD APR-JUN PY 2011 VL 12 IS 2 BP 207 EP 212 DI 10.1002/asl.312 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 751WU UT WOS:000289649200009 ER PT J AU Bruno, TJ Baibourine, E AF Bruno, Thomas J. Baibourine, Evgenii TI Comparison of Biomass-Derived Turbine Fuels with the Composition-Explicit Distillation Curve Method SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID DECREASED PARTICULATE-EMISSIONS; SURROGATE MIXTURE MODEL; ROCKET PROPELLANTS RP-1; DIESEL FUEL; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; AVIATION FUEL; BIODIESEL FUEL; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; N-DODECANE; JET-A AB In recent years, civilian and Military users of aviation kerosene have been interested in expanding the scope of fuel feed stocks to include nonpetroleum sources. The most well-known examples of such alternative sources of fuel are the Fischer-Tropsch fluids made from coal and natural gas. In addition to these feed stocks, there is great interest in biomass derived sources for aviation fuels,. It is unlikely that a completely new, drop-in replacement fuel will be successful in the foreseeable future, but an intermediate goal is to extend or enhance present petroleum derived stocks. For this to be done on a rational basis, careful attention must be paid to fuel properties, one of the most important of which is the fluid volatility as expressed by the distillation curve. In this paper, we apply the composition explicit distillation curve method to examine three aviation fuels made from camelina (a genus within the flowering plant family Brassicaceae), from castor seed (Ricinus communis), and from plant isoprenoid feed stocks. We also use this method to compare the properties of these fluids with JP-8 and an earlier bio derived synthetic aviation kerosene made with reclaimed waste grease. We found that both the fuels derived from plant isoprenoids and from camelina vaporized at lower temperatures than did a typical JP-8 through the entire distillation curve. In contrast, the fuel derived from castor seed vaporized at higher temperatures than did the plant and camelina fuels, and also JP-8, through the entire curve. The distillation behavior of the plant isoprenoid fuel is most striking in that the distillation curve is rather more flat than the curve for a typical petroleum derived turbine fuel or for the alternatives we have examined. It is likely to be more suitable as a blending stock than a drop in replacement. More re march will be needed to ensure that there would be no combustor operability issues as a result of the flat curve. C1 [Bruno, Thomas J.; Baibourine, Evgenii] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov FU Professional Research Experience Program FX A Professional Research Experience Program undergraduate fellowship is gratefully acknowledged by E.B. We acknowledge the Propulsion Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, for the samples of fuel measured in this effort. We also acknowledge helpful discussions with Robert Hendricks of NASA and Liat Cinamon of Evogene, Ltd. NR 72 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD APR PY 2011 VL 25 IS 4 BP 1847 EP 1858 DI 10.1021/ef200115b PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 752NC UT WOS:000289697700057 ER PT J AU Windom, BC Lovestead, TM Mascal, M Nikitin, EB Bruno, TJ AF Windom, Bret C. Lovestead, Tara M. Mascal, Mark Nikitin, Edward B. Bruno, Thomas J. TI Advanced Distillation Curve Analysis on Ethyl Levulinate as a Diesel Fuel Oxygenate and a Hybrid Biodiesel Fuel SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID DECREASED PARTICULATE-EMISSIONS; SURROGATE MIXTURE MODEL; ROCKET PROPELLANTS RP-1; AVIATION FUEL; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; EXHAUST EMISSIONS; ENGINE EMISSIONS; OIL; IMPROVEMENTS; ESTER AB Recently, a new processing technique was developed that converts the carbohydrates found in plant biomass into ethyl levulinate, which has properties making it a possible diesel fuel oxygenate additive. Additionally, the new processing technique applied to oil-containing seeds can create a biodiesel fuel at high yields, while possibly, enhancing the cold flow l properties that commonly plague biodiesel fuels. The first part of this two-part study focused on ethyl levulinate as a possible diesel fuel oxygenate additive, by investigating the volatility of petroleum diesel/ethyl levulinate mixtures. Volatility was measured with the advanced distillation curve (ADC) method for mixtures containing 1, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20% ethyl levulinate (v/v) and compared with unblended petroleum diesel fuel. In addition, the concentration of ethyl levulinate was tracked during the distillation for each mixture by use of the composition explicit data channel. The second part of this study investigated fatty acid-levulinate ester biodiesel fuel blends as viable petroleum diesel fuel extenders/replacements. This was done by measuring their volatilities and comparing them to a commercially available biodiesel fuel, and also to a petroleum diesel fuel. In addition, distillate fractions were withdrawn to measure the changing composition and energy content during the distillation of the fatty acid-levulinate ester biodiesel blends and commercial biodiesel fuel. C1 [Windom, Bret C.; Lovestead, Tara M.; Bruno, Thomas J.] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Mascal, Mark; Nikitin, Edward B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov FU National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council; National Science Foundation [CBET 0932391] FX T.M.L. and B.C.W. both acknowledge National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council postdoctoral fellowships at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. M.M. and E. B.N. acknowledge the support of National Science Foundation grant CBET 0932391. NR 90 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD APR PY 2011 VL 25 IS 4 BP 1878 EP 1890 DI 10.1021/ef200239x PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 752NC UT WOS:000289697700060 ER PT J AU Duffy-Anderson, JT Blood, DM Mier, KL AF Duffy-Anderson, Janet T. Blood, Deborah M. Mier, Kathryn L. TI Stage-specific vertical distribution of Alaska plaice (Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus) eggs in the eastern Bering Sea SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; WALLEYE POLLOCK; SHELIKOF STRAIT; UNDERWAY FISH; SAMPLER; GULF; TRANSPORT; NET AB The stage-specific distribution of Alaska plaice (Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus) eggs in the southeastern Bering Sea was examined with collections made in mid-May in 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006. Eggs in the early stages of development were found primarily offshore of the 40-m isobath. Eggs in the middle and late stages of development were found inshore and offshore of the 40-m isobath. There was some evidence that early-stage eggs occur deeper in the water column than late-stage eggs, although year-to-year variability in that trend was observed. Most eggs were in the later stages of development; therefore the majority of spawning is estimated to have occurred a few weeks before collection-probably April-and may be highly synchronized among local spawning areas. Results indicate that sampling with continuous underway fish egg collectors (CUFES) should be supplemented with sampling of the entire water column to ensure adequate samples of all egg stages of Alaska plaice. Data presented offer new information on the stage-dependent horizontal and vertical distribution of Alaska plaice eggs in the Bering Sea and provide further evidence that the early life history stages of this species are vulnerable to near-surface variations in hydrographical conditions and climate forcing. C1 [Duffy-Anderson, Janet T.; Blood, Deborah M.; Mier, Kathryn L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Recruitment Proc Program, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Duffy-Anderson, JT (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Recruitment Proc Program, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Janet.Duffy-Anderson@noaa.gov FU North Pacific and Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity (NPCREP) progarm; Alaska Fisheries Science Center's Resource Assessment Conservation and Engineering Division (NOAA) FX Thanks to the officers and crew of the NOAA ship RV Miller Freeman. Comments by T. Smart, C. Jump, J. Napp, and three anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. Funds were provided by the North Pacific and Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity (NPCREP) program and the Alaska Fisheries Science Center's Resource Assessment Conservation and Engineering Division (NOAA). This research is contribution EcoFOCI-N736 to NOAA's Ecosystems and Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations program. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 2011 VL 109 IS 2 BP 162 EP 169 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 753YV UT WOS:000289817700003 ER PT J AU He, X Ralston, S MacCall, AD AF He, Xi Ralston, Stephen MacCall, Alec D. TI Interactions of age-dependent mortality and selectivity functions in age-based stock assessment models SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT REFERENCE POINTS; POPULATION ANALYSIS VPA; NATURAL MORTALITY; FISH STOCKS; TRADE-OFF; FISHERIES; GROWTH; RATES; REPRODUCTION; TEMPERATURE AB The natural mortality rate (M) of fish varies with size and age, although it is often assumed to be constant in stock assessments. Misspecification of M may bias important assessment quantities. We simulated fishery data, using an age-based population model, and then conducted stock assessments on the simulated data. Results were compared to known values. Misspecification of M had a negligible effect on the estimation of relative stock depletion; however, misspecification of M had a large effect on the estimation of parameters describing the stock recruitment relationship, age-specific selectivity, and catchability. If high M occurs in juvenile and old fish, but is misspecified in the assessment model, virgin biomass and catchability are often poorly estimated. In addition, stock recruitment relationships are often very difficult to estimate, and steepness values are commonly estimated at the upper bound (1.0) and over-fishing limits tend to be biased low. Natural mortality can be estimated in assessment models if M is constant across ages or if selectivity is asymptotic. However if M is higher in old fish and selectivity is dome-shaped, M and the selectivity cannot both be adequately estimated because of strong interactions between M and selectivity. C1 [He, Xi; Ralston, Stephen; MacCall, Alec D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP He, X (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM xi.he@noaa.gov NR 40 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 2011 VL 109 IS 2 BP 198 EP 216 PG 19 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 753YV UT WOS:000289817700006 ER PT J AU Ralston, S Punt, AE Hamel, OS DeVore, JD Conser, RJ AF Ralston, Stephen Punt, Andre E. Hamel, Owen S. DeVore, John D. Conser, Ramon J. TI A meta-analytic approach to quantifying scientific uncertainty in stock assessments SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID PROBABILITY-BASED APPROACH; WEST-COAST; MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES; GROUNDFISH; LESSONS; LIMITS; RISK AB Quantifying scientific uncertainty when setting total allowable catch limits for fish stocks is a major challenge, but it is a requirement in the United States since changes to national fisheries legislation. Multiple sources of error are readily identifiable, including estimation error, model specification error, forecast error, and errors associated with the definition and estimation of reference points. Our focus here, however, is to quantify the influence of estimation error and model specification error on assessment outcomes. These are fundamental sources of uncertainty in developing scientific advice concerning appropriate catch levels and although a study of these two factors may not be inclusive, it is feasible with available information. For data-rich stock assessments conducted on the U.S. west coast we report approximate coefficients of variation in terminal biomass estimates from assessments based on inversion of the assessment of the model's Hessian matrix (i.e., the asymptotic standard error). To summarize variation "among" stock assessments, as a proxy for model specification error, we characterize variation among multiple historical assessments of the same stock. Results indicate that for 17 ground-fish and coastal pelagic species, the mean coefficient of variation of terminal biomass is 18%. In contrast, the coefficient of variation ascribable to model specification error (i.e., pooled among-assessment variation) is 37%. We show that if a precautionary probability of overfishing equal to 0.40 is adopted by managers, and only model specification error is considered, a 9% reduction in the overfishing catch level is indicated. C1 [Ralston, Stephen] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hamel, Owen S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [DeVore, John D.] Pacific Fishery Management Council, Portland, OR 97220 USA. [Conser, Ramon J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Resource Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Ralston, S (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM Steve.Ralston@noaa.gov OI Punt, Andre/0000-0001-8489-2488 NR 29 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 11 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 2011 VL 109 IS 2 BP 217 EP 231 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 753YV UT WOS:000289817700007 ER PT J AU Collins, AB McBride, RS AF Collins, Angela B. McBride, Richard S. TI Demographics by depth: spatially explicit life-history dynamics of a protogynous reef fish SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; LACHNOLAIMUS-MAXIMUS; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; HOGFISH LABRIDAE; FLORIDA-KEYS; EASTERN GULF; SEX-CHANGE; SIZE; MANAGEMENT; COMMUNITIES AB Distribution and demographics of the hogfish (Lachnolaimus maximus) were investigated by using a combined approach of in situ observations and life history analyses. Presence, density, size, age, and size and age at sex change all varied with depth in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Hogfish (64-774 mm fork length and 0-19 years old) were observed year-round and were most common over complex, natural hard bottom habitat. As depth increased, the presence and density of hogfish decreased, but mean size and age increased. Size at age was smaller nearshore (<30 m). Length and age at sex change of nearshore hogfish were half those of offshore hogfish and were coincident with the minimum legal size limit. Fishing pressure is presumably greater nearshore and presents a confounding source of increased mortality; however, a strong red tide occurred the year before this study began and likely also affected nearshore demographics. Nevertheless, these data indicate ontogenetic migration and escapement of fast-growing fish to offshore habitat, both of which should reduce the likelihood of fishing-induced evolution. Data regarding the hogfish fishery are limited and regionally dependent, which has confounded previous stock assessments; however, the spatially explicit vital rates reported herein can be applied to future monitoring efforts. C1 [Collins, Angela B.] Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [McBride, Richard S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Collins, AB (reprint author), Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, 100 8th Ave SE, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM angela.collins@myfwc.com RI McBride, Richard/C-2818-2012 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA05NMF4540040] FX This work could not have been completed without the dedication of the members of the Saint Petersburg Underwater Club (SPUC). D. O'Hern acted as the SPUC spokesman throughout this research. We would like to thank captains B. Bateman, L. Borden, W. Butts, J. DeLaCruz, C. Gardinal, C. Grauer, T. Grogan, B. Hardman, J. Hermes, S. Hooker, I. Lathrop, S. Lucas, M. Joswig, D. O'Hern, D. Palmer, H. Scarboro, C. Schnur, and R. Taylor. E. Leone, M. Murphy, and M. Greenwood provided statistical guidance. A. Richardson and K. McWhorter provided laboratory assistance. FWRI's Fisheries-Independent Monitoring Program provided trawl samples. D. DeVries served as the NOAA/NMFS partner and provided useful comments throughout the project. G. Shepherd, J. Colvocoresses, M. Murphy and three anonymous reviewers provided comments that improved this manuscript. The majority of the work described herein was funded by grant NA05NMF4540040 to the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Cooperative Research Program. NR 44 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 16 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 2011 VL 109 IS 2 BP 232 EP 242 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 753YV UT WOS:000289817700008 ER PT J AU Keckhut, P Randel, WJ Claud, C Leblanc, T Steinbrecht, W Funatsu, BM Bencherif, H McDermid, IS Hauchecorne, A Long, C Lin, R Baumgarten, G AF Keckhut, P. Randel, W. J. Claud, C. Leblanc, T. Steinbrecht, W. Funatsu, B. M. Bencherif, H. McDermid, I. S. Hauchecorne, A. Long, C. Lin, R. Baumgarten, G. TI An evaluation of uncertainties in monitoring middle atmosphere temperatures with the ground-based lidar network in support of space observations SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Middle atmosphere temperature; Lidar; Satellite; Uncertainties ID RESOLUTION DOPPLER IMAGER; LONG-TERM CHANGES; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; THERMAL TIDES; PART I; TRENDS; CLIMATOLOGY; ROCKETSONDES; VARIABILITY; MESOSPHERE AB The capability of the longest lidar data sets to monitor long-term temperature changes have been evaluated through comparisons with the successive Stratospheric Sounder Units (SSU) onboard NOAA satellites. Cross-consistency investigations between SSU and the lidar network can be considered as a first attempt to demonstrate how the synergistic use of space and ground-based instruments could provide reliable monitoring of the temperature of the middle atmosphere. The breakdown of the temperature cooling trend, and the following flattening observed in the satellite temperature series, is qualitatively confirmed by the lidars. However, there are still large differences that can either be due to SSU continuity (orbit drifts or weighting function modifications) or lidar operation changes (time of measurements, accuracy, sampling, etc.). SSU vertical weighting functions have been taken into account for comparisons. Some discontinuity events cannot be explained by the SSU weighting function drifts due to CO(2). For the upper channels of SSU (peaking around 50 km), the results are probably sensitive to the mesospheric part of the lidar profiles that can explain some discontinuities. Tropical lidar stations show clear inter-annual differences with the SSU channels covering the lowest altitude range that needs further investigations to understand if the origin is instrumental or geophysical. An attempt to derive non-linear trends with combinations of linear, hockey stick, and quadratic functions has been made. While the quadratic term is not highly significant, this approach allows the derivation of a better quantification of the linear trend terms. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Keckhut, P.; Funatsu, B. M.; Hauchecorne, A.] Univ Versailles St Quentin 11, Lab Atmospheres, UMR 8190, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, F-78280 Verrieres Le Buisson, France. [Randel, W. J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Claud, C.; Funatsu, B. M.] Ecole Polytech, Meteorol Dynam Lab, UMR 8539, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Leblanc, T.; McDermid, I. S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Wrightwood, CA USA. [Steinbrecht, W.] Meteorol Observ, Hohenpeissenberg, Germany. [Bencherif, H.] Univ La Reunion, Lab Atmosphere & Cyclones, UMR 8105, St Denis, France. [Long, C.; Lin, R.] NOAA, Predict Ctr, NCEP, Natl Weather Serv, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Baumgarten, G.] Leibniz Inst Atmospher Phys, Kuhlungsborn, Germany. RP Keckhut, P (reprint author), Univ Versailles St Quentin 11, Lab Atmospheres, UMR 8190, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Blvd Alembert, F-78280 Verrieres Le Buisson, France. EM Keckhut@latmos.ipsl.fr RI Steinbrecht, Wolfgang/G-6113-2010; Hauchecorne, Alain/A-8489-2013; Randel, William/K-3267-2016; OI Steinbrecht, Wolfgang/0000-0003-0680-6729; Randel, William/0000-0002-5999-7162; Claud, Chantal/0000-0001-7613-9525; Hauchecorne, Alain/0000-0001-9888-6994; Baumgarten, Gerd/0000-0002-6727-284X FU COST Action [ES0702]; European Commission [FP6-2005-Global-4-036677] FX This work was initiated through the SPARC Stratospheric Temperature Trend Assessment group lead by Dr. W. Randel (http://www.atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca/SPARC/initiatives NEW2005Detection.html) and was partly supported by the European Commission through the Global Earth Observation and Monitoring (GEOmon-http://www.geomon.eu/) Integrated Project under the 6th Framework Program (Contract no. FP6-2005-Global-4-036677). It is also part of the COST Action ES0702: European Ground-Based Observations of Essential Variables for Climate and Operational Meteorology (EG-CLIMET). NR 52 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD APR PY 2011 VL 73 IS 5-6 BP 627 EP 642 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2011.01.003 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 741UC UT WOS:000288889600008 ER PT J AU Cobb, JC Stephenson, SP Arnold, WS AF Cobb, Janessa C. Stephenson, Sarah P. Arnold, William S. TI REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE AND RECRUITMENT PATTERNS OF THE COQUINA CLAM DONAX VARIABILIS SAY ALONG THE CENTRAL GULF COAST OF FLORIDA SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Donax variabilis; coquina; reproduction; life cycle; recruitment; biology ID DENTICULATUS LINNE; HABITAT HARSHNESS; TIDAL MIGRATIONS; CAROLINA BEACH; SANDY BEACHES; 1822 BIVALVIA; LIFE-HISTORY; GRAIN-SIZE; POPULATIONS; DONACIDAE AB Coquina clams (Donax variabilis) were sampled monthly at 2 sites in Pinellas County, Florida, to document recruitment and growth. Samples collected from the swash zone were counted, measured, and preserved. Histological staging of a subset of the preserved gonads was performed to assess patterns in reproduction. Peak spawning and recruitment were observed in early spring, and growth rates were calculated through the fall. Spawning and low densities of recruits persisted throughout the summer and fall. The presence of spawning D. variabilis during 21 of 23 mo indicates a continuous reproductive cycle. Multivariate analysis of length-frequency data and frequency of reproductive stages indicates a cycle of approximately 8 mo, suggesting a typical life span of less than 1 y, although some individuals survive longer. C1 [Cobb, Janessa C.; Stephenson, Sarah P.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Arnold, William S.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, SE Reg Off, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Cobb, JC (reprint author), Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, 100 8th Ave SE, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM Janessa.Cobb@MyFWC.COM FU Florida's State Wildlife Grant Program FX Work was supported by funding from Florida's State Wildlife Grant Program. Data were collected during a collaborative study with Dr. Elizabeth Irlandi from the Florida Institute of Technology while monitoring community recovery of nourished beaches in Pinellas and Indian River counties, Florida. We thank Carla Beals, Sara Bergeron, Brandy Brown, Courtney Clarke, Michael Drexler, Mark Gambordella, Stephen Geiger, Matt Herrick, Melanie Parker, Noretta Perry, Brett Pittinger, Matt Poplaski, Jennifer Stone, Yvonne Waters, and Anthony Vasilas for their excellent field and laboratory support. We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Robert Clarke for his comments and suggestions regarding the multivariate analyses and use of PRIMER 6. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 24 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2011 VL 30 IS 1 BP 25 EP 34 DI 10.2983/035.030.0105 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 753GS UT WOS:000289760900005 ER PT J AU Venaille, A Bouchet, F AF Venaille, Antoine Bouchet, Freddy TI Solvable Phase Diagrams and Ensemble Inequivalence for Two-Dimensional and Geophysical Turbulent Flows SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Statistical ensemble inequivalence; Non-concave entropy; Long-range interacting systems; Two-dimensional turbulence; Phase transitions; Fofonoff flows; Azeotropy; Bicritical points; Negative heat capacity ID LONG-RANGE INTERACTIONS; NEGATIVE SPECIFIC-HEAT; STATISTICAL-MECHANICS DESCRIPTION; PERFECT FLUID-DYNAMICS; GREAT RED SPOT; GRAVITATING SYSTEMS; EULER EQUATIONS; STATIONARY FLOWS; TRANSITIONS; EQUIVALENCE AB Using explicit analytical computations, generic occurrence of inequivalence between two or more statistical ensembles is obtained for a large class of equilibrium states of two-dimensional and geophysical turbulent flows. The occurrence of statistical ensemble inequivalence is shown to be related to previously observed phase transitions in the equilibrium flow topology. We find in these turbulent flow equilibria, two mechanisms for the appearance of ensemble equivalences, that were not observed in any physical systems before. These mechanisms are associated respectively with second-order azeotropy (simultaneous appearance of two second-order phase transitions), and with bicritical points (bifurcation from a first-order to two second-order phase transition lines). The important roles of domain geometry, of topography, and of a screening length scale (the Rossby radius of deformation) are discussed. It is found that decreasing the screening length scale (making interactions more local) surprisingly widens the range of parameters associated with ensemble inequivalence. These results are then generalized to a larger class of models, and applied to a complete description of an academic model for inertial oceanic circulation, the Fofonoff flow. C1 [Bouchet, Freddy] Univ Lyon, CNRS, Ecole Normale Super Lyon, Phys Lab, F-69364 Lyon 07, France. [Venaille, Antoine] GFDL AOS, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Bouchet, F (reprint author), Univ Lyon, CNRS, Ecole Normale Super Lyon, Phys Lab, 46 Allee Italie, F-69364 Lyon 07, France. EM venaille@princeton.edu; freddy.bouchet@ens-lyon.fr FU ANR [ANR-06-JCJC-0037-01, ANR-09-SYSC-014] FX We thank J. Barre, P. H. Chavanis, J. Sommeria and Ana Carolina Ribeiro-Teixeira for interesting discussions, Marianne Corvellec for providing detailed and helpful comments on the manuscript, and an anonymous reviewer for pointing to us the analogy with magnetic systems. This work was supported by the ANR program STATFLOW (ANR-06-JCJC-0037-01) and the ANR program STATOCEAN (ANR-09-SYSC-014). NR 64 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-4715 J9 J STAT PHYS JI J. Stat. Phys. PD APR PY 2011 VL 143 IS 2 BP 346 EP 380 DI 10.1007/s10955-011-0168-0 PG 35 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 753TV UT WOS:000289803500007 ER PT J AU Swimmer, Y Suter, J Arauz, R Bigelow, K Lopez, A Zanela, I Bolanos, A Ballestero, J Suarez, R Wang, J Boggs, C AF Swimmer, Yonat Suter, Jenny Arauz, Randall Bigelow, Keith Lopez, Andres Zanela, Ilena Bolanos, Alan Ballestero, Jorge Suarez, Raul Wang, John Boggs, Christofer TI Sustainable fishing gear: the case of modified circle hooks in a Costa Rican longline fishery SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEPIDOCHELYS-OLIVACEA; PELAGIC LONGLINES; RECREATIONAL FISHERY; CORYPHAENA-HIPPURUS; TROPICAL PACIFIC; TURTLE BYCATCH; SEA-TURTLES; BY-CATCH; MORTALITY; ABUNDANCE AB Our research aims to identify longline fishing gear modifications that can improve fishing selectivity and reduce incidental capture of non-target species. Catch rates and anatomical hook locations (AHL) were compared when using a 14/0 standard "control" circle hook with a 00 offset and an experimental "appendage" hook in a Costa Rican longline fishery. With the appendage, the maximum dimension of the appendage hook was increased by 10% and the minimum dimension of the hook by 19%. A total of 1,811 marine animals were captured during five fishing trips. By taxonomic groups, sea turtles represented the largest total catch (27%), followed by sharks (26%), rays (25%), mahimahi (Coryphaenu hippurus) (12%), and tunas and billfish (10%). Non-target and discard species, such as rays and sea turtles, accounted for over half of the total catch. Catch per unit effort (CPUE; number of individuals per 1,000 hooks) was higher with control hooks compared to appendage hooks for all species' categories except rays; appendage hooks caught 52% fewer sea turtles and 23% fewer tunas and billfish than standard hooks, which represents a significant reduction in bycatch of endangered and other species. No differences were found in the AHL for sea turtles, suggesting use of the appendage may not incur additional advantages regarding turtles' post-release survivorship. Despite lower catch rates for marketable species, such as sharks and mahimahi, use of the appendage resulted in dramatic reductions in catch rates of sea turtles. The results suggest that large scale adoption of hooks with a significantly wider hook dimension could be an effective conservation measure to maintain marine biodiversity while allowing for continued fishing. C1 [Swimmer, Yonat; Bigelow, Keith; Boggs, Christofer] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Suter, Jenny] Ocean Associates Inc, Fisheries Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Arauz, Randall; Lopez, Andres; Zanela, Ilena; Bolanos, Alan; Ballestero, Jorge; Suarez, Raul] PRETOMA, San Jose 12031100, Costa Rica. [Arauz, Randall; Lopez, Andres; Zanela, Ilena; Bolanos, Alan; Ballestero, Jorge; Suarez, Raul] Sea Turtle Restorat Program, San Jose 12031100, Costa Rica. [Wang, John] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Swimmer, Y (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM Yonat.Swimmer@noaa.gov FU Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (JIMAR) [NA I 7RJ1230]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA I 7RJ1230] FX We are extremely grateful for the assistance of M. Bragg, owner of Papagayo Seafood, Captain R. Fallas and the fishing crew of the F/V Don Christopher, as well as to L. McNaughton, C. Boggs, C. Empey Campora, and L. Nakamura. All research was conducted in accordance with the protocols and handling guidelines set forth by the University of Hawaii Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC Protocol # 00-037-2). The authors or their agencies do not necessarily approve, recommend, or endorse any proprietary hardware or software mentioned in this publication. This project was partly funded by Cooperative Agreement NA I 7RJ1230 between the Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (JIMAR) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA of any of its subdivisions. NR 42 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 158 IS 4 BP 757 EP 767 DI 10.1007/s00227-010-1604-4 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 750IF UT WOS:000289539100005 ER PT J AU Palof, KJ Heifetz, J Gharrett, AJ AF Palof, Katie J. Heifetz, Jonathan Gharrett, Anthony J. TI Geographic structure in Alaskan Pacific ocean perch (Sebastes alutus) indicates limited lifetime dispersal SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; QUEEN-CHARLOTTE SOUND; ROCKFISH SEBASTES; GENE FLOW; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; F-STATISTICS; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; PAIRWISE RELATEDNESS; ALLELE FREQUENCIES AB Prevailing oceanographic processes, pelagic larvae, adult mobility, and large populations of many marine species often leads to the assumption of wide-ranging populations. Applying this assumption to more localized populations can lead to inappropriate conservation measures. The Pacific ocean perch (Sebastes alutus, POP) is economically and ecologically valuable, but little is known about its population structure and life history in Alaskan waters. Fourteen microsatellite loci were used to characterize geographic structure and connectivity of POP collections (1999-2005) sampled along the continental shelf break from Dixon Entrance to the Bering Sea. Despite opportunities for dispersal, there was significant, geographically related genetic structure (F(ST) = 0.0123, P < 10(-5)). Adults appear to belong to neighborhoods at geographic scales less than 400 km, and possibly as small as 70 km, which indicates limited dispersal throughout their lives. The population structure observed has a finer geographic scale than current management, which suggests that measures for POP fisheries conservation should be revisited. C1 [Palof, Katie J.; Gharrett, Anthony J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Div Fisheries, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Heifetz, Jonathan] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Palof, KJ (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Div Fisheries, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 17101 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM kjpalof@alaska.edu FU Alaska Sea Grant College Program; Cooperative Institute for Artic Research (CIFAR); NOAA Fisheries-Auke Bay Laboratories; Rasmuson Fisheries Research Center; Pollock Conservation Cooperative Research Center (PCCRC); School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, AK FX We thank R. Waples and L. Hauser for their helpful comments and review. We thank N. Hillgruber for serving on the graduate committee and for her helpful comments. We thank Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries personnel who took tissue samples for this study during trawl surveys. This research was supported by: Alaska Sea Grant College Program, Cooperative Institute for Artic Research (CIFAR), NOAA Fisheries-Auke Bay Laboratories, Rasmuson Fisheries Research Center, and the Pollock Conservation Cooperative Research Center (PCCRC), School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, AK. This work represents, in part, the master's work of K. Palof at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. NR 82 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 158 IS 4 BP 779 EP 792 DI 10.1007/s00227-010-1606-2 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 750IF UT WOS:000289539100007 ER PT J AU Brown, JJ Baca, AI Bertness, KA Dikin, DA Ruoff, RS Bright, VM AF Brown, J. J. Baca, A. I. Bertness, K. A. Dikin, D. A. Ruoff, R. S. Bright, V. M. TI Tensile measurement of single crystal gallium nitride nanowires on MEMS test stages SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL LA English DT Article DE Tensile Loading; Gallium Nitride; Nanowire; Single Crystal; Mechanical Testing; MEMS ID GAN NANOWIRES; POLYSILICON; CONTACTS AB This paper reports direct tensile tests on n-type (Si-doped) gallium nitride single crystal nanowires(1) that were grown by nitrogen plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy and which are essentially free of defects and residual strain. Nanowires were integrated with actuated, active microelectromechanical (MEMS) devices using dielectrophoresis-driven self-assembly and platinum-carbon clamps created using a gallium focused ion beam. For one nanowire, failure strain of 0.042 +/- 0.011 was found. Most nanowire specimens appeared to demonstrate tensile strength in the range of 4.0 +/- 1.7 GPa to 7.5 +/- 3.4 GPa. Failure modes included clamp failure, transverse (nanowire c-plane) fractures, and insufficient force from the MEMS test actuator. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Brown, J. J.; Baca, A. I.; Bright, V. M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bertness, K. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Optoelect Div 815, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Dikin, D. A.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Ruoff, R. S.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Brown, J. J.; Baca, A. I.; Bertness, K. A.; Dikin, D. A.; Ruoff, R. S.; Bright, V. M.] Univ Colorado, DARPA Ctr Integrated Micro Nanoelectromech Transd, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Brown, JJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, 427 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM joseph.J.Brown@colorado.edu RI Dikin, Dmitriy/B-7592-2009; Dikin, Dmitriy/A-1086-2010; Dikin, Dmitriy/B-4649-2014; Brown, Joseph/H-4957-2014; Ruoff, Rodney/K-3879-2015 OI Dikin, Dmitriy/0000-0001-8100-4502; Brown, Joseph/0000-0002-9838-7201; FU DARPA [HR0011-06-1-0048]; National Science Foundation FX This research was supported by are supported by the DARPA Center on Nanoscale Science and Technology for Integrated Micro/Nano-Electromechanical Transducers (iMINT Center) at the University of Colorado-Boulder, funded by the DARPA N/MEMS S&T Fundamentals Program (HR0011-06-1-0048), Dr. D. L. Polla, Program Manager. J.J. Brown is supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. The authors thank Dr. Norman Sanford of NIST-Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA, for many helpful discussions, and Matthias Muoth and the ETH-Zurich Micro and Nanosystems group for help with AFM measurement. FIB machining and SEM imaging were performed at the Nanomaterials Characterization Facility of the University of Colorado at Boulder. NR 35 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-4247 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT A-PHYS JI Sens. Actuator A-Phys. PD APR PY 2011 VL 166 IS 2 SI SI BP 177 EP 186 DI 10.1016/j.sna.2010.04.002 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 753YD UT WOS:000289815700002 ER PT J AU Colle, BA Charles, ME AF Colle, Brian A. Charles, Michael E. TI Spatial Distribution and Evolution of Extratropical Cyclone Errors over North America and its Adjacent Oceans in the NCEP Global Forecast System Model SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE PREDICTION SYSTEMS; NESTED-GRID MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC FLOW; WAVE-PACKETS; PACIFIC; IMPACT; EAST; VERIFICATION; SENSITIVITY; REANALYSIS AB Short- to medium-range (1-5 day) forecasts of extratropical cyclones around North America and its adjacent oceans are verified within the Global Forecast System (GFS) model at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) during the 2002-07 cool seasons (October March). Cyclones in the immediate lee of the Rockies and U.S. Great Plains have 25%-50% smaller pressure errors than other regions after hour 36. The central pressure and displacement errors are largest over the central and eastern Pacific for the 42-72-h forecast, while the western and central Atlantic pressure errors for 96-120 h are similar to the central and eastern Pacific. For relatively strong cyclones, the western Atlantic and central/eastern Canada pressure errors are larger than those for the Pacific by 108-120 h. There are large spatial variations in the central pressure biases at 72-120 h, with overdeepened GFS cyclones (negative errors) extending from the northern Pacific and Bering Strait eastward to western Canada, while underdeepened GFS cyclones (positive errors) occur across northeast Canada and just east of the U.S. east coast. GFS cyclone tracks and spatial composites using the daily NCEP reanalysis are used to illustrate flow patterns and source regions for some of the large GFS cyclone errors and biases. Relatively large central pressure errors over the central Pacific early in the forecast (30 h) spread eastward over Canada by 66 h and the eastern United States by 84 h. The underdeepened GFS cyclone errors (> 1.5 standard deviations) at day 4 over the western Atlantic are associated with an anomalous ridge over the western United States and trough over the eastern United States, and most of the underdeepening occurs with cyclones tracking east-northeastward across the Gulf Stream. Many of the overdeepened cyclones have tracks more parallel to the U.S. east coast. The underdeepened cyclones over the central and eastern Pacific tend to occur farther south (35 degrees-45 degrees N) than the overdeepened events. C1 [Colle, Brian A.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Charles, Michael E.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Colle, BA (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM brian.colle@stonybrook.edu FU UCAR-COMET [S07-66814]; NOAA-CSTAR [NA10NWS4680003] FX The research was supported by UCAR-COMET (Grant S07-66814) and NOAA-CSTAR (NA10NWS4680003). We appreciate feedback and constructive comments by Dr. David Novak and the three anonymous reviewers. We thank Evan Goldaper from Smithtown High School for his preliminary analysis of the composite flow patterns associated with Pacific cyclone GFS errors as part of his semifinalist Intel (2009) project. Some of the composite images were provided by the NOAA/ESRL/Physical Sciences Division, Boulder, Colorado, on their Web site (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/). NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2011 VL 26 IS 2 BP 129 EP 149 DI 10.1175/2010WAF2222422.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 753FU UT WOS:000289754900001 ER PT J AU Mosier, RM Schumacher, C Orville, RE Carey, LD AF Mosier, Richard M. Schumacher, Courtney Orville, Richard E. Carey, Lawrence D. TI Radar Nowcasting of Cloud-to-Ground Lightning over Houston, Texas SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID VERTICALLY INTEGRATED LIQUID; SEA MONSOON EXPERIMENT; ICE WATER-CONTENT; PRECIPITATION DEVELOPMENT; ELECTRIFICATION; STORM; THUNDERSTORMS; CONVECTION; WSR-88D; IDENTIFICATION AB Ten years (1997-2006) of summer (June-August) daytime (1400-0000 UTC) Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler data for Houston, Texas, were examined to determine the best radar-derived predictors of the first cloud-to-ground lightning flash from a convective cell. Convective cells were tracked using a modified version of the Storm Cell Identification and Tracking (SCIT) algorithm and then correlated to cloud-to-ground lightning data from the National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN). Combinations of three radar reflectivity values (30, 35, and 40 dBZ) at four isothermal levels (-10 degrees, -15 degrees, -20 degrees, and updraft -10 degrees C) and a new radar-derived product, vertically integrated ice (VII), were used to optimize a radar-based lightning forecast algorithm. Forecasts were also delineated by range and the number of times a cell was identified and tracked by the modified SCIT algorithm. This study objectively analyzed 67 384 unique cells and 1 028 510 lightning flashes to find the best lightning forecast criteria. Results show that using 30 dBZ at the -15 degrees or -20 degrees C isotherm on cells within 75 km of the radar that have been tracked for at least two consecutive scans produces the best lightning forecasts with a critical success index (CSI) of 0.68. The best VII predictor values were 0.42 or 0.58 kg m(-2) on cells within 75 km of the radar that have been tracked for at least two consecutive scans, producing a CSI of 0.67. Lead times for these predictors were 10.0 and 13.4 min, respectively. Lead times greater than 10 min occurred with less stringent predictors (e.g., 30 dBZ at -10 degrees C or VII greater than 0.25 kg m(-2) on cells within 125 km with a minimum track count of 2), but lower CSI values result. In general, cells tracked for multiple scans provide higher CSIs and lead times than decreasing the range from the radar or changing the reflectivity threshold and height. C1 [Carey, Lawrence D.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Mosier, Richard M.; Schumacher, Courtney; Orville, Richard E.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX USA. RP Mosier, RM (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, 3401 No Cross Blvd, Ft Worth, TX 76137 USA. EM richard.mosier@noaa.gov RI Schumacher, Courtney/B-8968-2011; Orville, Richard/G-9866-2012 OI Schumacher, Courtney/0000-0003-3612-485X; Orville, Richard/0000-0003-0280-7169 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA08NWS4680034]; NASA MSFC Earth Sciences Office [NNM05AA22A] FX We gratefully acknowledge support by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under an award entitled Lightning in the Nowcasting and Warning Process: Cooperative Research Applied to NWS Needs and Priorities (NA08NWS4680034). Lawrence Carey acknowledges support from the NASA MSFC Earth Sciences Office under the space shuttle program (NNM05AA22A). We would also like to thank Lance Wood at WFO Houston and Greg Patrick at WFO Fort Worth for many meaningful discussions and suggestions, Mark Keehn at WFO Houston for all his work in getting VII data to display in the Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System (AWIPS), and Greg Seroka at Texas A&M University for his help debugging much of the code used in this project. NR 47 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2011 VL 26 IS 2 BP 199 EP 212 DI 10.1175/2010WAF2222431.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 753FU UT WOS:000289754900005 ER PT J AU Ebert, EE Turk, M Kusselson, SJ Yang, JB Seybold, M Keehn, PR Kuligowski, RJ AF Ebert, Elizabeth E. Turk, Michael Kusselson, Sheldon J. Yang, Jianbin Seybold, Matthew Keehn, Peter R. Kuligowski, Robert J. TI Ensemble Tropical Rainfall Potential (eTRaP) Forecasts SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; PREDICTION SYSTEM; TRAP TECHNIQUE; VALIDATION; RESOLUTION; MODEL; CONSENSUS; CYCLONES AB Ensemble tropical rainfall potential (eTRaP) has been developed to improve short-range forecasts of heavy rainfall in tropical cyclones. Evolving from the tropical rainfall potential (TRaP), a 24-h rain forecast based on estimated rain rates from microwave sensors aboard polar-orbiting satellites, eTRaP combines all single-pass TRaPs generated within +/- 3 h of 0000, 0600, 1200, and 1800 UTC to form a simple ensemble. This approach addresses uncertainties in satellite-derived rain rates and spatial rain structures by using estimates from different sensors observing the cyclone at different times. Quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs) are produced from the ensemble mean field using a probability matching approach to recalibrate the rain-rate distribution against the ensemble members (e.g., input TRaP forecasts) themselves. ETRaPs also provide probabilistic forecasts of heavy rain, which are potentially of enormous benefit to decision makers. Verification of eTRaP forecasts for 16 Atlantic hurricanes making landfall in the United States between 2004 and 2008 shows that the eTRaP rain amounts are more accurate than single-sensor TRaPs. The probabilistic forecasts have useful skill, but the probabilities should be interpreted within a spatial context. A novel concept of a "radius of uncertainty" compensates for the influence of location error in the probability forecasts. The eTRaPs are produced in near real time for all named tropical storms and cyclones around the globe. They can be viewed online (http://www.ssd.noaa.gov/PS/TROP/etrap.html) and are available in digital form to users. C1 [Ebert, Elizabeth E.] Bur Meteorol, CAWCR, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. [Turk, Michael; Kusselson, Sheldon J.; Yang, Jianbin; Seybold, Matthew] NOAA, NESDIS, OSDPD, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Keehn, Peter R.; Kuligowski, Robert J.] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Ebert, EE (reprint author), Bur Meteorol, CAWCR, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. EM e.ebert@bom.gov.au RI Kuligowski, Robert/C-6981-2009 OI Kuligowski, Robert/0000-0002-6909-2252 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Satellite Product and Services Review Board FX This work was funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Satellite Product and Services Review Board. Several external TRaP users encouraged the development of ensemble TRaP. We are grateful to George Serafino and Tom Schott for helping get this project off the ground, and to Ying Lin for help with the stage IV analyses used to verify eTRaP. John McBride, Noel Davidson, and the three anonymous reviewers provided many helpful comments to improve the manuscript. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2011 VL 26 IS 2 BP 213 EP 224 DI 10.1175/2010WAF2222443.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 753FU UT WOS:000289754900006 ER PT J AU Stein, AF Wang, Y de la Rosa, JD de la Campa, AMS Castell, N Draxler, RR AF Stein, A. F. Wang, Y. de la Rosa, J. D. Sanchez de la Campa, A. M. Castell, Nuria Draxler, R. R. TI Modeling PM10 Originating from Dust Intrusions in the Southern Iberian Peninsula Using HYSPLIT SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID AFRICAN DUST; TRANSPORT; STORMS; SPAIN AB The Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectories (HYSPLIT) model has been applied to calculate the spatial and temporal distributions of dust originating from North Africa. The model has been configured to forecast hourly particulate matter <= 10 mu m (PM10) dust concentrations focusing on the impacts over the southern Iberian Peninsula. Two full years (2008 and 2009) have been simulated and compared against surface background measurement sites. A statistical analysis using discrete and categorical evaluations is presented. The model is capable of simulating the occurrence of Saharan dust episodes as observed at the measurement stations and captures the generally higher levels observed in eastern Andalusia, Spain, with respect to the western Andalusia station. But the simulation tends to underpredict the magnitude of the dust concentration peaks. The model has also been qualitatively compared with satellite data, showing generally good agreement in the spatial distribution of the dust column. C1 [Stein, A. F.; Draxler, R. R.] NOAA, ARL, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Stein, A. F.] Earth Resources & Technol, Laurel, MD USA. [Wang, Y.; de la Rosa, J. D.; Sanchez de la Campa, A. M.] Univ Huelva, Dept Geol, Huelva, Spain. [Castell, Nuria] Ctr Estudios Ambientales Mediterraneo, Valencia, Spain. RP Stein, AF (reprint author), NOAA, ARL, 1315 East West Hwy,Room 3316, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM ariel.stein@noaa.gov RI Stein, Ariel/G-1330-2012; Sanchez de la Campa, Ana Maria/L-4456-2014; Stein, Ariel F/L-9724-2014; de la Rosa, Jesus Damian/C-9385-2011 OI Sanchez de la Campa, Ana Maria/0000-0003-1917-0280; Stein, Ariel F/0000-0002-9560-9198; de la Rosa, Jesus Damian/0000-0001-6644-8754 FU Junta de Andalucia [2007-RNM 02729]; Consejeria de Innovacion Ciencia y Empresa and Consejeria de Medio Ambiente [NET 762513/1] FX This work was supported by the Junta de Andalucia (Project 2007-RNM 02729), Consejeria de Innovacion Ciencia y Empresa and Consejeria de Medio Ambiente (Project NET 762513/1). We also acknowledge the MODIS mission scientists and associated NASA personnel for the production of the data used in this research effort. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2011 VL 26 IS 2 BP 236 EP 242 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-10-05044.1 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 753FU UT WOS:000289754900008 ER PT J AU Carley, JR Schwedler, BRJ Baldwin, ME Trapp, RJ Kwiatkowski, J Logsdon, J Weiss, SJ AF Carley, Jacob R. Schwedler, Benjamin R. J. Baldwin, Michael E. Trapp, Robert J. Kwiatkowski, John Logsdon, Jeffrey Weiss, Steven J. TI A Proposed Model-Based Methodology for Feature-Specific Prediction for High-Impact Weather SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONE TRACK; STORM IDENTIFICATION; CELL IDENTIFICATION; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; CLOUD MODEL; PART I; VERIFICATION; PRECIPITATION; FORECAST; SYSTEMS AB A feature-specific forecasting method for high-impact weather events that takes advantage of high-resolution numerical weather prediction models and spatial forecast verification methodology is proposed. An application of this method to the prediction of a severe convective storm event is given. C1 [Carley, Jacob R.; Schwedler, Benjamin R. J.; Baldwin, Michael E.; Trapp, Robert J.] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Kwiatkowski, John] NWS, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Logsdon, Jeffrey] NWS, Indiana, PA USA. [Weiss, Steven J.] NOAA, NWS, Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK USA. RP Carley, JR (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, 550 Stadium Mall Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM jrcarley@purdue.edu FU UCAR [S07-66813]; National Science Foundation FX This research was a part of a COMET/UCAR Cooperative Project (UCAR Sub-Award S07-66813). Jacob Carley and Benjamin Schwedler were also supported under a National Science Foundation graduate research fellowship. Computing resources for WRF model simulations were provided by Purdue University's Rosen Center for Advanced Computing. Comments from two anonymous reviewers helped improve this manuscript. The authors would also like to extend thanks to Eric Gilleland for discussions regarding the Baddeley metric. NR 45 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2011 VL 26 IS 2 BP 243 EP 249 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-10-05008.1 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 753FU UT WOS:000289754900009 ER PT J AU Tilton, FA Tilton, SC Bammler, TK Beyer, RP Stapleton, PL Scholz, NL Gallagher, EP AF Tilton, Fred A. Tilton, Susan C. Bammler, Theo K. Beyer, Richard P. Stapleton, Patricia L. Scholz, Nathaniel L. Gallagher, Evan P. TI Transcriptional impact of organophosphate and metal mixtures on olfaction: Copper dominates the chlorpyrifos-induced response in adult zebrafish SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Copper; Chlorpyrifos; Organophosphate pesticide; Zebrafish; Olfaction; Toxicity; Mixtures ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; MINNOWS PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; COHO SALMON; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITION; RECEPTOR NEURONS; BULB NEURONS; AMINO-ACID; EXPOSURE; SYSTEM; ZINC AB Chemical exposures in fish have been linked to loss of olfaction leading to an inability to detect predators and prey and decreased survival. However, the mechanisms underlying olfactory neurotoxicity are not well characterized, especially in environmental exposures which involve chemical mixtures. We used zebrafish to characterize olfactory transcriptional responses by two model olfactory inhibitors, the pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) and mixtures of CPF with the neurotoxic metal copper (Cu). Microarray analysis was performed on RNA from olfactory tissues of zebrafish exposed to CPF alone or to a mixture of CPF and Cu. Gene expression profiles were analyzed using principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering, whereas gene set analysis was used to identify biological themes in the microarray data. Microarray results were confirmed by real-time PCR on genes serving as potential biomarkers of olfactory injury. In addition, we mined our previously published Cu-induced zebrafish olfactory transcriptional response database (Tilton et al., 2008) for the purposes of discriminating pathways of olfaction impacted by either the individual agents or the CPF-Cu mixture transcriptional signatures. CPF exposure altered the expression of gene pathways associated with cellular morphogenesis and odorant binding, but not olfactory signal transduction, a known olfactory pathway for Cu. The mixture profiles shared genes from the Cu and CPF datasets, whereas some genes were altered only by the mixtures. The transcriptional signature of the mixtures was more similar to that in zebrafish exposed to Cu alone than for CPF. In conclusion, exposure to a mixture containing a common environmental metal and pesticide causes a unique transcriptional signature that is heavily influenced by the metal, even when organophosphate predominates. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gallagher, Evan P.] Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Scholz, Nathaniel L.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Gallagher, EP (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE,Suite 100, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM evang3@u.washington.edu RI Scholz, Nathaniel/L-1642-2013 OI Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272 FU NIEHS [P42-ES04696, T32-ES07032]; University of Washington NIEHS Center for Ecogenetics and Environmental Health [P30-ES07033] FX This work was supported in part by NIEHS Superfund Research Program (P42-ES04696), and also by the University of Washington NIEHS Center for Ecogenetics and Environmental Health (P30-ES07033). SCT was the recipient of an NIEHS postdoctoral fellowship in Environmental Pathology and Toxicology (T32-ES07032). NR 53 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X EI 1879-1514 J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 102 IS 3-4 BP 205 EP 215 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.01.012 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 748OH UT WOS:000289399400010 PM 21356183 ER PT J AU Thurnherr, AM Ledwell, JR Lavelle, JW Mullineaux, LS AF Thurnherr, A. M. Ledwell, J. R. Lavelle, J. W. Mullineaux, L. S. TI Hydrography and circulation near the crest of the East Pacific Rise between 90 degrees and 10 degrees N SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE Deep circulation; Hydrography; East Pacific Rise; Mid-ocean ridge ID DE-FUCA RIDGE; MIDOCEAN RIDGES; HYDROTHERMAL PLUMES; OCEAN; JUAN; SEA; VARIABILITY; DISPERSAL; DIFFUSION; PROFILES AB Topography has a strong effect on the physical oceanography over the flanks and crests of the global mid-ocean ridge system. Here, we present an analysis of the hydrography and circulation near the crest of the East Pacific Rise (EPR) between 9 degrees and 10 degrees N, which coincides with an integrated study site (ISS) of the RIDGE2000 program. The analysis is based primarily on survey and mooring data collected during the LADDER project, which aimed to investigate oceanographic and topographic influences on larval retention and dispersal in hydrothermal vent communities. Results indicate that the yearly averaged regional mean circulation is characterized by a westward drift of 0.5-1 cm s(-1) across the EPR axis and by north- and southward flows along the western and eastern upper ridge flanks, respectively. The westward drift is part of a basin-scale zonal flow that extends across most of the Pacific ocean near 10 degrees N, whereas the meridional currents near the ridge crest are a topographic effect. In spite of considerable mesoscale variability, which dominates the regional circulation and dispersal on weekly to monthly time scales, quasi-synoptic surveys carried out during the mooring deployment and recovery cruises indicate sub-inertial circulations that are qualitatively similar to the yearly averaged flow but associated with significantly stronger velocities. Weekly averaged mooring data indicate that the anticyclonically sheared along-flank flows are associated with core speeds as high as 10 cm s(-1) and extend 10 km off axis and 200 m above the ridge-crest topography. Near the northern limit of the study region, the Lamont Seamount Chain rises from the western ridge flank and restricts along-EPR flow to five narrow passages, where peak velocities in excess of 20 cm s(-1) were observed. Outside the region of the ridge-crest boundary currents the density field over the EPR near 10 degrees N is characterized by isopycnals dipping into the ridge flanks. Directly above the EPR axis the ridge-crest boundary currents give rise to an isopycnal dome. During times of strong westward cross-EPR flow isopycnal uplift over the eastern flank causes the cross-ridge density field below the doming isopycnals to be asymmetric, with higher densities over the eastern than over the western flank. The data collected during the LADDER project indicate that dispersal of hydrothermal products from the EPR ISS on long time scales is predominantly to the west, whereas mesoscale variability dominates dispersal on weekly to monthly time scales, which are particularly important in the context of larval dispersal. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Thurnherr, A. M.] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Div Ocean & Climate Phys, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Ledwell, J. R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Lavelle, J. W.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Mullineaux, L. S.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Thurnherr, AM (reprint author), Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Div Ocean & Climate Phys, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM ant@ldeo.columbia.edu FU biological and physical oceanography divisions of the National Science Foundation [OCE-0425361, OCE-0424953]; NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; NOAA FX Co-funding of the LADDER project by the biological and physical oceanography divisions of the National Science Foundation under Grants OCE-0425361 and OCE-0424953 is gratefully acknowledged, as is support of J.W. Lavelle by NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory and by the NOAA Vents Program. In addition to the co-authors of this study and the very capable and helpful officers and crew of the R/V Atlantis II, collection and calibration of the LADDER PO data involved several students (A. Guan, F. Terenzi, A. Kohn, X. Liang, J. Stewart), two post-doctoral researchers (A. Ruiz Angulo, R. Jackson), as well as a mooring group from WHOI (S. Worrilow, B. Hogue, P. Fraser). Without the excellent data collected during the WOCE P04 cruise in 1989 it would not have been possible to put the LADDER data into a wider context. M. Visbeck donated the neutrally buoyant float deployed on the EPR crest in 2006. NR 32 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD APR PY 2011 VL 58 IS 4 BP 365 EP 376 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2011.01.009 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 748LB UT WOS:000289391000004 ER PT J AU Washenfelder, RA Wagner, NL Dube, WP Brown, SS AF Washenfelder, R. A. Wagner, N. L. Dube, W. P. Brown, S. S. TI Measurement of Atmospheric Ozone by Cavity Ring-down Spectroscopy SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; NM; CHEMILUMINESCENCE; REGION; NO2; CHEMISTRY; MOLECULE; CM(-1); BAND AB Ozone plays a key role in both the Earth's radiative budget and photochemistry. Accurate, robust analytical techniques for measuring its atmospheric abundance are of successfully used for sensitive and accurate measurements of many atmospheric species. However, this technique has not been used for atmospheric measurements of ozone, because the strongest ozone absorption bands occur in the ultraviolet spectral region, where Rayleigh and Mic scattering cause significant cavity losses and dielectric mirror reflectivitics are limited. Here, we describe a compact instrument that measures O-3 by chemical conversion to NO2 in excess NO, with subsequent detection by cavity ring-down spectroscopy. This method provides a simple, accurate, and high-precision measurement of atmospheric ozone. The instrument consists of two channels. The sum of NO2 and converted O-3 (defined as O-x) is measured in the first channel, while NO2 alone is measured in the second channel. NO2 is directly detected in each channel by cavity ring-down spectroscopy with a laser diode light source at 404 nm. The limit of detection for 03 is 26 pptv (2 sigma precision) at 1 s time resolution. The accuracy of the measurement is 2.2%, with the largest uncertainty being the effective NO2 absorption cross-section. The linear dynamic range of the instrument has been verified from the detection limit to above 200 ppbv (r(2) > 99.99%). The observed precision on signal (2 sigma) with 41 ppbv 03 is 130 pptv in 1 s. Comparison of this instrument to UV absorbance instruments for ambient O-3 concentrations shows linear agreement (r(2) = 99.1%) with slope of 1.012 +/- 0.002. C1 [Washenfelder, R. A.; Wagner, N. L.; Dube, W. P.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Washenfelder, R. A.; Wagner, N. L.; Dube, W. P.; Brown, S. S.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Washenfelder, RA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 216 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM rebecca.washenfelder@noaa.gov RI Washenfelder, Rebecca/E-7169-2010; Wagner, Nicholas/E-7437-2010; Dube, William/I-1658-2013; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Washenfelder, Rebecca/0000-0002-8106-3702; Dube, William/0000-0003-1286-4087; FU NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Program FX We thank Eric Williams for loan of the TES ozone monitor. This work was funded in part by the NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Program. NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 7 BP 2938 EP 2944 DI 10.1021/es103340u PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 741CU UT WOS:000288841500064 PM 21366216 ER PT J AU Ishii, R Tanaka, S Onuma, K Nambu, Y Tokunaga, M Sakakibara, T Kawashima, N Maeno, Y Broholm, C Gautreaux, DP Chan, JY Nakatsuji, S AF Ishii, R. Tanaka, S. Onuma, K. Nambu, Y. Tokunaga, M. Sakakibara, T. Kawashima, N. Maeno, Y. Broholm, C. Gautreaux, D. P. Chan, J. Y. Nakatsuji, S. TI Successive phase transitions and phase diagrams for the quasi-two-dimensional easy-axis triangular antiferromagnet Rb4Mn(MoO4)(3) SO EPL LA English DT Article ID SPIN SYSTEM SRCU2(BO3)(2); DIMER GROUND-STATE; HEISENBERG-ANTIFERROMAGNET; LATTICE ANTIFERROMAGNET; NEEL ORDER; MAGNETIZATION; MODEL AB Using magnetic, thermal and neutron measurements we show that Rb4Mn(MoO4)(3) is a quasi-2D triangular Heisenberg antiferromagnet with easy-axis anisotropy and successive transitions bracketing an intermediate collinear phase. An accurate quantitative account of the phase diagram is achieved through Monte Carlo simulation of a spin Hamiltonian with easy-axis anisotropy D = 0.22J. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2011 C1 [Ishii, R.; Tanaka, S.; Tokunaga, M.; Sakakibara, T.; Kawashima, N.; Nakatsuji, S.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778581, Japan. [Onuma, K.; Maeno, Y.] Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Nambu, Y.; Broholm, C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Nambu, Y.; Broholm, C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Nambu, Y.; Broholm, C.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gautreaux, D. P.; Chan, J. Y.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Ishii, R (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778581, Japan. EM rmorisaki@issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011; Tanaka, Shu/A-5202-2010; Nambu, Yusuke/C-3863-2012; Tokunaga, Masashi/C-6821-2014; Chan, Julia/C-5392-2008 OI Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892; Tanaka, Shu/0000-0002-0871-3836; Nambu, Yusuke/0000-0003-1167-7124; Tokunaga, Masashi/0000-0002-1401-9381; Chan, Julia/0000-0003-4434-2160 FU JSPS [19052004, 19340109, 21684019, 21840021, 22340111]; MEXT, Japan [17071003, 19052003, 17072001]; ISSP; US DOE office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-08ER46544] FX This work is partially supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (Nos. 19052004, 19340109, 21684019, 21840021, 22340111) from JSPS, by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas (Nos. 17071003, 19052003, 17072001) from MEXT, Japan, and by US-Japan Cooperative Program, ISSP. The computation is executed at the Supercomputer Center, ISSP. Work at IQM is supported by the US DOE office of Basic Energy Sciences through DE-FG02-08ER46544. NR 26 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 23 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PD APR PY 2011 VL 94 IS 1 AR 17001 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/94/17001 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 751MM UT WOS:000289622200017 ER PT J AU Smith, SG Ault, JS Bohnsack, JA Harper, DE Luo, JG McClellan, DB AF Smith, Steven G. Ault, Jerald S. Bohnsack, James A. Harper, Douglas E. Luo, Jiangang McClellan, David B. TI Multispecies survey design for assessing reef-fish stocks, spatially explicit management performance, and ecosystem condition SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Coral reef fish; Florida Keys; Visual monitoring; Stratified sampling; No-take marine reserves ID FLORIDA; FISHERIES; POPULATIONS; INDICATORS; PRECISION; COMMUNITY; LENGTH; MODEL; CATCH AB Principles of statistical sampling design were used to guide refinement of a 30-year multispecies fishery-independent diver visual survey of population abundance and size structure of more than 250 exploited and non-target fishes in the Florida coral reef ecosystem. Reef habitat features and no-take marine reserves (NTMRs) were used to partition the 885 km(2) sampling domain into sub-areas (or strata) to control the variation of fish density. For the period 1999-2008, survey precision of population density and abundance (CV, coefficient of variation, ratio of standard error to mean) ranged from 7% to 20% for the majority of 13 primary exploited species in the Florida Keys and Dry Tortugas regions. Population sustainability metrics like species average length in the exploited life stage were comparable between our fishery-independent survey and fishery-dependent catch-sampling. The survey design also performed well for non-target fishes, yielding CVs between 6% and 15% for population density for the majority of 36 species. Sampling efficiency was improved over time via an iterative learning process by which past survey data was used to refine the stratification and allocation schemes of future surveys. We show how survey data are used to support multispecies stock assessments, evaluate the effectiveness of NTMRs, and assess ecosystem condition for the reef fish community. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Smith, Steven G.; Ault, Jerald S.; Luo, Jiangang] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Bohnsack, James A.; Harper, Douglas E.; McClellan, David B.] NOAA Fisheries, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Smith, SG (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM steve.smith@rsmas.miami.edu; jault@rsmas.miami.edu RI Ault, Jerald/A-5241-2008 OI Ault, Jerald/0000-0001-9657-8007 FU NOAA [NA17RJ1226, NA08OAR4320892]; Dry Tortugas National Park; Biscayne National Park [CESU H5000008494]; National Park Service South Florida; Caribbean Network; National Undersea Research Center; Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary FX We thank the following individuals for their assistance with the reef-fish monitoring program: R. Brock, B. Causey, R. Clarke, D. Hallac, J. Hunt, B. Keller, T. Kellison, D. Kimball, M. Lewis, G. McRae, M. Monaco, M. Patterson, B. Ruttenberg, T. Schmidt, M.-L. Shyu, J. Tilmant, Capt. F. Wasson of the M/V Spree, and N. Zurcher. Funding was provided by: NOAA Fisheries Coral Reef Conservation Program Grants NA17RJ1226 and NA08OAR4320892; Dry Tortugas National Park and Biscayne National Park (Grant CESU H5000008494); National Park Service South Florida and Caribbean Network; National Undersea Research Center; Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary; NOAA Coastal Ocean Program Grant NA17RJ1226; and, NOAA National Sea Grant RLRB47. We also thank K. Rose and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments that improved the manuscript. NR 49 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD APR PY 2011 VL 109 IS 1 BP 25 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2011.01.012 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 748OQ UT WOS:000289400300004 ER PT J AU Lee, HH Maunder, MN Piner, KR Methot, RD AF Lee, Hui-Hua Maunder, Mark N. Piner, Kevin R. Methot, Richard D. TI Estimating natural mortality within a fisheries stock assessment model: An evaluation using simulation analysis based on twelve stock assessments SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Natural mortality; Simulation analyses; Stock Synthesis; Pacific Coast groundfish stocks; Stock assessment ID FISH STOCKS; TRADE-OFF; AGE; PARAMETERS; SURVIVAL; GROWTH AB Natural mortality (M) is one of the most influential and difficult to estimate number of losses in fisheries stock assessment and management. Typically, natural mortality is estimated using indirect methods, such as correlation with measurable life history factors and rarely relies on direct data such as tagging studies. In contemporary stock assessments, natural mortality may be estimated within the model by integrating different types of data into the analysis. We evaluated the estimability of M using simulation analyses based on 12 groundfish stock assessments conducted using Stock Synthesis. The advantages of utilizing this set of peer-reviewed assessment models were that various types of data were used over a wide range of model parameterization. Our results suggest that, in many cases. M is estimable with appropriate data. Profile likelihood analyses suggested that informative length or age composition data is needed to reliably estimate M. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, Hui-Hua] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Maunder, Mark N.] Interamer Trop Tuna Commiss, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Lee, Hui-Hua; Piner, Kevin R.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Methot, Richard D.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Lee, HH (reprint author), 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM Huihua.Lee@noaa.gov FU Southwest Fisheries Science Center FX Our sincere thanks to the stock assessment authors at the Northwest Fisheries Science Center and Stacey Miller for providing copies of their stock synthesis files, which greatly facilitated this study. We are also grateful to the Southwest Fisheries Science Center for supporting HHL and KRP during most of this work. NR 29 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD APR PY 2011 VL 109 IS 1 BP 89 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2011.01.021 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 748OQ UT WOS:000289400300010 ER PT J AU Harvey, CJ Field, JC Beyer, SG Sogard, SM AF Harvey, Chris J. Field, John C. Beyer, Sabrina G. Sogard, Susan M. TI Modeling growth and reproduction of chilipepper rockfish under variable environmental conditions SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Fisheries science; Bioenergetics models; Climate variation; Life history ID EL-NINO; BIOENERGETICS APPROACH; YELLOWTAIL ROCKFISH; LARVAL PRODUCTION; EGG-PRODUCTION; MARINE FISH; SEBASTES; CLIMATE; SIZE; AGE AB Chilipepper rockfish (Sebastes goodei), a long-lived, highly fecund commercial species in the California Current ecosystem, contend with a variable environment on several time scales. Using a bioenergetics model, we simulated alternate strategies of energy allocation by female chilipeppers under variable conditions, and examined resulting patterns in age-dependent size and fecundity. Variable conditions consisted of single climate events (one anomalous year, one 4-year regime shift, or one 10-year regime shift) that occurred at different points over the lifespan of the fish and were either "poor" or "good" relative to baseline conditions. Poor years or regimes reduced growth and fecundity, while good years or regimes increased growth and fecundity. Fecundity losses during poor conditions could be mitigated by partially or fully reallocating energy from gonadal production into somatic growth, thereby increasing potential fecundity in future years. However, when mortality was incorporated, those energetic re-routing strategies only increased lifetime reproductive output if we assumed that old (>= age 8) females produce more viable larvae than young females, and if the event occurred prior to age 8. Young females also increased output of larvae beyond age 8 if they skipped spawning or reallocated reproductive energy during good conditions, instead investing the surplus energy into additional somatic growth and enhancing future fecundity. Our results are consistent with recent estimates of growth rate variability in the chilipepper population, and with observations of young females of other rockfish species skipping spawning during poor conditions. Models like this may help improve stock assessment parameters and biological reference points for species with environmentally driven variability in size at age. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Harvey, Chris J.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Field, John C.; Beyer, Sabrina G.; Sogard, Susan M.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Harvey, CJ (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM chris.harvey@noaa.gov FU NOAA FX We thank D. Stafford, N. Kashef, and N. Parker for assistance with laboratory analyses, and E.J. Dick for providing chilipepper length, weight and life history data. Two anonymous referees provided valuable comments that greatly improved this work. Our research was supported with funds from NOAA's Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD APR PY 2011 VL 109 IS 1 BP 187 EP 200 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2011.02.004 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 748OQ UT WOS:000289400300022 ER PT J AU Wan, QL Xu, JJ AF Wan, Qilin Xu, Jianjun TI A numerical study of the rainstorm characteristics of the June 2005 flash flood with WRF/GSI data assimilation system over south-east China SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE rainstorm; flash flood; numerical study ID UNITED-STATES; CONVECTIVE PARAMETERIZATION; BULK PARAMETERIZATION; INITIAL CONDITIONS; MODEL; PRECIPITATION; RESOLUTION; FORECASTS; SCHEME; SENSITIVITY AB The evolution and structure of rainstorms associated with a flash-flood event are simulated by the Advanced Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-ARW) model of the National Center for Atmospheric Research and the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) data assimilation (DA) system of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of the United States. The event is based on a flash flood that occurred in the central Guangdong Province of south-east China during 20-21 June 2005. Compared to an hourly mixed rain-gauge and satellite-retrieved precipitation data, the model shows the capability to reproduce the intensity and location of rainfall; however, the simulation depends on three conditions to a large extent: model resolution, physical processes schemes and initial condition. In this case, the Eta Ferrier microphysics scheme and the initialization with satellite radiance DA with a fine 4-km grid spacing nested grid and coarse 12-km grid spacing outer grid are the best options. The model-predicted rain rates, however, are slightly overestimated, and the activities of the storms do not precisely correspond with those observed, although peak values are obtained. Abundant moisture brought by the southwesterly winds with a mesoscale low-level jet from the South China Sea or Bay of Bengal and trapped within the XingfengJiang region encompassed by northern Jiulian, southern Lianhua and eastern small mountains are apparently the primary elements responsible for the flood event. All simulated rainstorms were initiated over the southern slopes of the Jiulian Mountain and moved south or north-eastward within the Xingfengjiang region. Meanwhile, the Skew-T/Log-P diagrams show that there is a fairly high convective available potential energy (CAPE) over the active areas of the rainstorms. The higher CAPE provides a beneficial thermodynamic condition for the development of rainstorms, but the higher convective inhibition near the northern, eastern and southern mountains prohibits the storms from moving out of the region and causes heavy rainfall that is trapped within the area. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Xu, Jianjun] NOAA NESDIS STAR, IMSG, WWB, Camp Springs, MD 20764 USA. [Wan, Qilin] CMA, Inst Trop & Marine Meteorol, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, Peoples R China. RP Xu, JJ (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS STAR, IMSG, WWB, Room 602,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20764 USA. EM Jianjun.xu@noaa.gov RI Xu, Jianjun/E-7941-2011 FU National Key Science and Technology Program of China [2006BAC02B]; Meteorological Specific Research [GYHY200706014] FX Authors would like to thank the Joint Center for the Satellite Data Assimilation (JCSDA) for providing the GSI data assimilation system. This study was supported by the National Key Science and Technology Program of China under Grant 2006BAC02B and by the Meteorological Specific Research under Grant GYHY200706014. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD APR PY 2011 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1327 EP 1341 DI 10.1002/hyp.7882 PG 15 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 748XF UT WOS:000289425700010 ER PT J AU Porter, SM Bailey, KM AF Porter, Steven M. Bailey, Kevin M. TI Assessing the condition of walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma (Pallas) larvae using muscle-based flow cytometric cell cycle analysis SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Condition; Fish larvae; Flow cytometry; Theragra chalcogramma; Walleye pollock ID DIFFERENT FEEDING CONDITIONS; EASTERN BERING-SEA; COD GADUS-MORHUA; ATLANTIC COD; NUTRITIONAL CONDITION; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; STARVATION; SURVIVAL; INDEXES AB Flow cytometric cell cycle analysis was used to determine the fraction of muscle cells in the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle, which were used as covariates with temperature and standard length, in a laboratory-developed model to assess the physiological condition of wild walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogramma. larvae. The assay was calibrated to the range of temperatures larvae are likely to encounter in the eastern Bering Sea, and it was sensitive to changes in condition within 3 days of starvation. The S and G2 phases of the cell cycle gave an indication of larval walleye pollock condition. Healthy larvae had a larger fraction of cells in the S phase than G2 phase, and unhealthy larvae had a larger fraction of cells in the G2 phase than the S phase. Validation tests showed that the model classified 75% to 83% of the larvae correctly. The assessment of the condition of walleye pollock larvae collected from the southeastern Bering Sea in 2007 indicated that unhealthy larvae were located on the continental shelf (6%), and this may be due in part to the coldest temperatures occurring there and less abundant prey. In the continental slope/ocean basin waters, where prey levels were higher and temperatures warmest, no larvae in unhealthy condition were found. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Porter, Steven M.; Bailey, Kevin M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Porter, SM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM steve.porter@noaa.gov FU North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) [926, 286]; Alaska Fisheries Science Center FX We would like to thank Annette Dougherty for her assistance in the laboratory and with walleye pollock egg collection. Kathy Mier provided statistical advice. Mike Canino and Dan Cooper provided helpful comments on early drafts of the manuscript. An anonymous reviewer's comments help improve this manuscript. This research was funded by the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB grant no. 926, publication 286), and the Alaska Fisheries Science Center. It is contribution EcoFOCI-0757 to NOAA's Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations. [SS] NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 EI 1879-1697 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD APR 1 PY 2011 VL 399 IS 2 BP 101 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2011.02.037 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 748KC UT WOS:000289388500001 ER PT J AU Ombres, EH Donnelly, J Clarke, ME Harms, JH Torres, JJ AF Ombres, Erica H. Donnelly, Joseph Clarke, M. Elizabeth Harms, John H. Torres, Joseph J. TI Aerobic and anaerobic enzyme assays in Southern California Rockfish: Proxies for physiological and ecological data SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Citrate Synthase; Lactate dehydrogenase; Metabolic Poise; Proximate composition; Sebastes ID OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION RATES; MESOPELAGIC FISHES; SCORPAENID FISHES; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; MIDWATER FISHES; METABOLISM; DEPTH; BRAIN; PATTERNS; SEBASTES AB Rockfish are commercially and recreationally important, yet due to the depths they inhabit (3-500 m), little is known about their ecology. The present study examined 19 different species of Sebastes from the Southern California Bight over four seasons (late summer, fall, early winter, and spring) using metabolic enzyme assays. Enzymes used were lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), pyruvate kinase (PK), and citrate synthase (CS). Muscle proximate composition data (protein, water and lipid content) were also used to help interpret the enzyme data. Enzyme activity was lowest in the summer when expressed as activity per gram wet weight but when it was expressed per gram protein the trend was reversed. The rockfish have the highest protein as a percentage of wet mass (P%WM) in the spring, right before the upwelling period begins and the lowest P%WM in late summer after the peak of upwelling. Lipid content also showed a seasonal change with the highest lipid content in the late summer and the lowest in winter. The enzyme profiles have been broken into three groups which fit with their locomotory habit and their prey selection. These findings show that enzymes and muscle proximate composition can be used along with limited observational data on related species to deduce condition, seasonal impacts and ecologically important life habits in species that are difficult to observe and monitor. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ombres, Erica H.; Donnelly, Joseph; Torres, Joseph J.] USF Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Clarke, M. Elizabeth; Harms, John H.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Ombres, EH (reprint author), USF Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM ehudson3@mail.usf.edu FU NSF [OPP 0523332]; NOAA [AB133F06SE2766] FX Funding for this work was provided by NSF grant # OPP 0523332 and NOAA Contract #AB133F06SE2766 to J.J. Torres. A big thanks to Jim Benante and Matt Bamhart of PSMFC as well as the captains and crew of the F/V Mirage (Oxnard, CA) and the F/V Sea Horse (Dana Point, CA) for all their help in collecting the samples. [SS] NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 EI 1879-1697 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD APR 1 PY 2011 VL 399 IS 2 BP 201 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2010.11.007 PG 7 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 748KC UT WOS:000289388500014 ER PT J AU Cui, ZT Koren, V Cajina, N Voellmy, A Moreda, F AF Cui, Zhengtao Koren, Victor Cajina, Neftali Voellmy, Andreas Moreda, Fekadu TI Hydroinformatics advances for operational river forecasting: using graphs for drainage network descriptions SO JOURNAL OF HYDROINFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE distributed hydrologic modelling; graph theory; parallel computing ID DIGITAL ELEVATION DATA; CHANNEL NETWORKS; INFORMATION; TOPOLOGY AB Distributed hydrologic models provide accurate river streamflow forecasts and a multitude of spatially varied products on basin scales. The distributed elements of the basins are pieced together using drainage networks. An efficient representation of drainage networks in computer code is necessary. Graph theory has long been applied in many engineering areas to solve network problems. In this paper we demonstrate that adjacent list graph is the most efficient way of presenting the drainage network in terms of development and execution. The authors have implemented drainage networks using the adjacency-list structure in both the research and operational versions of the US National Weather Service (NWS) distributed model. A parallel routing algorithm based on Dijsktra's shortest path algorithm was also developed using the MPI library, which was tested on a cluster using the Oklahoma Illinois River basin dataset. Theoretical analysis and test results show that inter-processor communication and unbalanced workload among the processors limit the scalability of the parallel algorithm. The parallel algorithm is more applicable to computers with high inter-processor bandwidth, and to basins where the number of grid cells is large and the maximum distance of the grid cells to the outlet is short. C1 [Cui, Zhengtao; Koren, Victor; Cajina, Neftali; Moreda, Fekadu] NOAA, Off Hydrol Dev, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 21043 USA. [Voellmy, Andreas] Yale Univ, Dept Comp Sci, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Cui, ZT (reprint author), NOAA, Off Hydrol Dev, Natl Weather Serv, 1325 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 21043 USA. EM Zhengtao.Cui@noaa.gov NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 12 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1464-7141 EI 1465-1734 J9 J HYDROINFORM JI J. Hydroinform. PD APR PY 2011 VL 13 IS 2 BP 181 EP 197 DI 10.2166/hydro.2010.023 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 748GA UT WOS:000289376800004 ER PT J AU Mo, KC Long, LN Xia, YL Yang, SK Schemm, JE Ek, M AF Mo, Kingtse C. Long, Lindsey N. Xia, Youlong Yang, S. K. Schemm, Jae E. Ek, Michael TI Drought Indices Based on the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis and Ensemble NLDAS SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; MESOSCALE ETA-MODEL; LAND-SURFACE; SOIL HYDROLOGY; SATELLITE DATA; RADIATION; PROJECT; PRECIPITATION; PARAMETERIZATION AB Drought indices derived from the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) are compared with indices derived from the ensemble North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS) and the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) over the United States. Uncertainties in soil moisture, runoff, and evapotranspiration (E) from three systems are assessed by comparing them with limited observations, including E from the AmeriFlux data, soil moisture from the Oklahoma Mesonet and the Illinois State Water Survey, and streamflow data from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The CFSR has positive precipitation (P) biases over the western mountains, the Pacific Northwest, and the Ohio River valley in winter and spring. In summer, it has positive biases over the Southeast and large negative biases over the Great Plains. These errors limit the ability to use the standardized precipitation indices (SPIs) derived from the CFSR to measure the severity of meteorological droughts. To compare with the P analyses, the Heidke score for the 6-month SPI derived from the CFSR is on average about 0.5 for the three-category classification of drought, floods, and neutral months. The CFSR has positive E biases in spring because of positive biases in downward solar radiation and high potential evaporation. The negative E biases over the Great Plains in summer are due to less P and soil moisture in the root zone. The correlations of soil moisture percentile between the CFSR and the ensemble NLDAS are regionally dependent. The correlations are higher over the area east of 100 degrees W and the West Coast. There is less agreement between them over the western interior region. C1 [Mo, Kingtse C.; Long, Lindsey N.; Yang, S. K.; Schemm, Jae E.] NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Long, Lindsey N.; Yang, S. K.] Wyle Informat Syst, Mclean, VA USA. [Xia, Youlong; Ek, Michael] NOAA NWS NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Mo, KC (reprint author), NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM kingtse.mo@noaa.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NCPO CPPA; CTB programs; NOAA (CPPA) [NA09OAR4310189] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the PIs of the AmeriFlux datasets. These PIs are T. Meyers, G. Katul, R. Oren, B. Drake, R. Monson, W. Oechel, D. Baldocchi, Kyaw Tha Paw U, M. Fischer, and M. Torn. The first 14 stations are the GEWEX stations and are maintained by the Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Division. The AmeriFlux data were created at Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the AmeriFlux and FLUXNET data management groups. These groups were supported by the U.S. Department of Energy and National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Thanks to Matthew Switanek from the University of Arizona for working on the AmeriFlux data in summer 2009. EMC would like to acknowledge support from the NCPO CPPA and CTB programs. This project is supported by the NOAA (CPPA) Grant NA09OAR4310189. NR 47 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 9 U2 21 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 12 IS 2 BP 181 EP 205 DI 10.1175/2010JHM1310.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 748RW UT WOS:000289409700002 ER PT J AU Dholabhai, PP Anwar, S Adams, JB Crozier, P Sharma, R AF Dholabhai, Pratik P. Anwar, Shahriar Adams, James B. Crozier, Peter Sharma, Renu TI Kinetic lattice Monte Carlo model for oxygen vacancy diffusion in praseodymium doped ceria: Applications to materials design SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Pr-doped ceria; Kinetic lattice Monte Carlo; Oxygen vacancy diffusion; Ionic conductivity; DFT plus U ID OXIDE FUEL-CELL; IONIC-CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; SOLID ELECTROLYTES; MIXED CONDUCTORS; SIMULATION; CEO2 AB Kinetic lattice Monte Carlo (KLMC) model is developed for investigating oxygen vacancy diffusion in praseodymium-doped ceria. The current approach uses a database of activation energies for oxygen vacancy migration, calculated using first-principles, for various migration pathways in praseodymium-doped ceria. Since the first-principles calculations revealed significant vacancy-vacancy repulsion, we investigate the importance of that effect by conducting simulations with and without a repulsive interaction. Initially, as dopant concentrations increase, vacancy concentration and thus conductivity increases. However, at higher concentrations, vacancies interfere and repel one another, and dopants trap vacancies, creating a "traffic jam" that decreases conductivity, which is consistent with the experimental findings. The modeled effective activation energy for vacancy migration slightly increased with increasing dopant concentration in qualitative agreement with the experiment. The current methodology comprising a blend of first-principle calculations and KLMC model provides a very powerful fundamental tool for predicting the optimal dopant concentration in ceria related materials. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Dholabhai, Pratik P.; Anwar, Shahriar; Adams, James B.; Crozier, Peter] Arizona State Univ, Sch Engn Matter Transport & Energy, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Sharma, Renu] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dholabhai, PP (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Engn Matter Transport & Energy, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM pratik.dholabhai@asu.edu; anwar@asu.edu; jim.adams@asu.edu; crozier@asu.edu; renu.sharma@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Dholabhai, Pratik/A-2366-2015 FU Department of Energy [DE-PS02-06ER06-17] FX This paper is based on the work supported by the Department of Energy under the Grant no. DE-PS02-06ER06-17. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Fulton High Performance Computing Initiative (HPCI) at the Arizona State University for the computational resources. NR 29 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 51 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 EI 1095-726X J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD APR PY 2011 VL 184 IS 4 BP 811 EP 817 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2011.02.004 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 751DG UT WOS:000289597100013 ER PT J AU Klinck, H Mellinger, DK AF Klinck, Holger Mellinger, David K. TI The energy ratio mapping algorithm: A tool to improve the energy-based detection of odontocete echolocation clicks SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PORPOISE PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; PASSIVE ACOUSTIC DETECTION; SPERM-WHALE CLICKS; BEAKED-WHALES; CLASSIFICATION; RISSOS AB The energy ratio mapping algorithm (ERMA) was developed to improve the performance of energy-based detection of odontocete echolocation clicks, especially for application in environments with limited computational power and energy such as acoustic gliders. ERMA systematically evaluates many frequency bands for energy ratio-based detection of echolocation clicks produced by a target species in the presence of the species mix in a given geographic area. To evaluate the performance of ERMA, a Teager-Kaiser energy operator was applied to the series of energy ratios as derived by ERMA. A noise-adaptive threshold was then applied to the Teager-Kaiser function to identify clicks in data sets. The method was tested for detecting clicks of Blainville's beaked whales while rejecting echolocation clicks of Risso's dolphins and pilot whales. Results showed that the ERMA-based detector correctly identified 81.6% of the beaked whale clicks in an extended evaluation data set. Average false-positive detection rate was 6.3% (3.4% for Risso's dolphins and 2.9% for pilot whales). (C) 2011 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI:10.1121/1.3531924] C1 [Klinck, Holger] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. NOAA Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Klinck, H (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM Holger.Klinck@oregonstate.edu FU Naval Postgraduate School [N00244-08-1-0029, N00244-09-1-0079, N00244-10-1-0047]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-08-1-1082, N00014-10-1-0387, N00014-08-1-1198] FX Thanks to Dave Moretti and his team for collecting the data sets and making them available. Thanks also to Karolin Klinck and Sara Heimlich for labeling the data. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the previous version of the manuscript. This work was supported by Naval Postgraduate School grants N00244-08-1-0029, N00244-09-1-0079, and N00244-10-1-0047, and Office of Naval Research grants N00014-08-1-1082, N00014-10-1-0387, and N00014-08-1-1198. This is NOAA/PMEL contribution #3607. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 24 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD APR PY 2011 VL 129 IS 4 BP 1807 EP 1812 DI 10.1121/1.3531924 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 747CT UT WOS:000289298600023 PM 21476637 ER PT J AU Zurita-Gotor, P Vallis, GK AF Zurita-Gotor, Pablo Vallis, Geoffrey K. TI Dynamics of Midlatitude Tropopause Height in an Idealized Model SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BAROCLINIC ADJUSTMENT; STATIC STABILITY; EXTRATROPICAL TROPOSPHERE; THERMAL STRATIFICATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; SCALE; EQUILIBRATION; SENSITIVITY; ATMOSPHERE; TURBULENCE AB This paper investigates the factors that determine the equilibrium state, and in particular the height and structure of the tropopause, in an idealized primitive equation model forced by Newtonian cooling in which the eddies can determine their own depth. Previous work has suggested that the midlatitude tropopause height may be understood as the intersection between a radiative and a dynamical constraint. The dynamical constraint relates to the lateral transfer of energy, which in midlatitudes is largely effected by baroclinic eddies, and its representation in terms of mean-flow properties. Various theories have been proposed and investigated for the representation of the eddy transport in terms of the mean flow, including a number of diffusive closures and the notion that the flow evolves to a state marginally supercritical to baroclinic instability. The radiative constraint expresses conservation of energy and so must be satisfied, although it need not necessarily be useful in providing a tight constraint on tropopause height. This paper explores whether and how the marginal criticality and radiative constraints work together to produce an equilibrated flow and a tropopause that is internal to the fluid. The paper investigates whether these two constraints are consistent with simulated variations in the tropopause height and in the mean state when the external parameters of an idealized primitive equation model are changed. It is found that when the vertical redistribution of heat is important, the radiative constraint tightly constrains the tropopause height and prevents an adjustment to marginal criticality. In contrast, when the stratification adjustment is small, the radiative constraint is only loosely satisfied and there is a tendency for the flow to adjust to marginal criticality. In those cases an alternative dynamical constraint would be needed in order to close the problem and determine the eddy transport and tropopause height in terms of forcing and mean flow. C1 [Zurita-Gotor, Pablo] Univ Complutense, Fac Ciencias Fis, Dept Geofis & Meteorol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Zurita-Gotor, Pablo] Inst Geociencia, Madrid, Spain. [Vallis, Geoffrey K.] GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA. [Vallis, Geoffrey K.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Zurita-Gotor, P (reprint author), Univ Complutense, Fac Ciencias Fis, Dept Geofis & Meteorol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. EM pzurita@alum.mit.edu RI Zurita-Gotor, Pablo/A-5045-2008 OI Zurita-Gotor, Pablo/0000-0002-6873-7645 FU Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion of Spain; Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, y Medio Rural y Marino of Spain [200800050084028]; DEVIAJE projects [CGL2009-06944]; NSF [OCE-1027603]; DoE FX P. Z-G is supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion of Spain under a Ramon y Cajal position, and by the MOVAC (Grant 200800050084028 from the Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, y Medio Rural y Marino of Spain) and DEVIAJE (CGL2009-06944) projects. GKV acknowledges support from NSF (OCE-1027603) and from the DoE. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD APR PY 2011 VL 68 IS 4 BP 823 EP 838 DI 10.1175/2010JAS3631.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 749TC UT WOS:000289491800011 ER PT J AU Nave, G Sansonetti, CJ AF Nave, Gillian Sansonetti, Craig J. TI Wavelengths of the 3d(6)(D-5)4s a(6)D-3d(5)(S-6)4s4p y(6)P multiplet of Fe II (UV 8) SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROMETER; FINE-STRUCTURE CONSTANT; VACUUM-ULTRAVIOLET; ENERGY-LEVELS; CALIBRATION; SPECTRUM; LINE; TRANSITIONS; ANGSTROM; REGION AB Weinvestigate the wavenumber scale of Fe I and Fe II lines using new spectra recorded with Fourier transform-spectroscopy and a reanalysis of archival spectra. We find that standards in Ar II, Mg I, Mg II, and Ge I give a consistent wavenumber calibration. We use the recalibrated spectra to derive accurate wavelengths for the a(6)D - y(6)P multiplet of Fe II (UV 8) using both directly measured lines and Ritz wavelengths. Lines from this multiplet are important for astronomical tests of the invariance of the fine-structure constant on a cosmological time scale. We recommend a wavelength of 1608.45081 angstrom with one standard deviation uncertainty of 0.00007 angstrom for the a(6)D(9/2) - y(6)P(7/2) transition. C1 [Nave, Gillian; Sansonetti, Craig J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nave, G (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gnave@nist.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNH10AN38I] FX We thank Michael T. Murphy for alerting us to the importance of the Fe II line at 1608 angstrom. We also thank Anne P. Thorne and Juliet C. Pickering for helpful discussions on the calibration of FT spectrometers and the linearity of the FT wavenumber scale. This work was partially supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) interagency agreement NNH10AN38I. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD APR PY 2011 VL 28 IS 4 BP 737 EP 745 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 746LK UT WOS:000289248100021 ER PT J AU Harris, HS Benson, SR Gilardi, KV Poppenga, RH Work, TM Dutton, PH Mazet, JAK AF Harris, Heather S. Benson, Scott R. Gilardi, Kirsten V. Poppenga, Robert H. Work, Thierry M. Dutton, Peter H. Mazet, Jonna A. K. TI COMPARATIVE HEALTH ASSESSMENT OF WESTERN PACIFIC LEATHERBACK TURTLES (DERMOCHELYS CORIACEA) FORAGING OFF THE COAST OF CALIFORNIA, 2005-2007 SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Dermochelys coriacea; domoic acid; health assessment; heavy metals; hematology; leatherback sea turtle; organochlorine contaminants; plasma biochemistry ID LIONS ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; LOGGERHEAD SEA-TURTLE; DOMOIC ACID; INTERNESTING MOVEMENT; BIOCHEMICAL VALUES; BODY TEMPERATURES; MATERNAL TRANSFER; LONGLINE FISHERY; CARETTA-CARETTA; FRENCH-GUIANA AB Leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) are critically endangered, primarily threatened by the overharvesting of eggs, fisheries entanglement, and coastal development. The Pacific leatherback population has experienced a catastrophic decline over the past two decades. Leatherbacks foraging off the coast of California are part of a distinct Western Pacific breeding stock that nests on beaches in Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands. Although it has been proposed that the rapid decline of Pacific leatherback turtles is due to increased adult mortality, little is known about the health of this population. Health assessments in leatherbacks have examined females on nesting beaches, which provides valuable biological information, but might have limited applicability to the population as a whole. During September 2005 and 2007, we conducted physical examinations on 19 foraging Pacific leatherback turtles and measured normal physiologic parameters, baseline hematologic and plasma biochemistry values, and exposure to heavy metals (cadmium, lead, and mercury), organochlorine contaminants, and domoic acid. We compared hematologic values of foraging Pacific leatherbacks with their nesting counterparts in Papua New Guinea (n=11) and with other nesting populations in the Eastern Pacific in Costa Rica (n=8) and in the Atlantic in St. Croix (n=12). This study provides the most comprehensive assessment to date of the health status of leatherbacks in the Pacific. We found significant differences in blood values between foraging and nesting leatherbacks, which suggests that health assessment studies conducted only on nesting females might not accurately represent the whole population. The establishment of baseline physiologic data and blood values for healthy foraging leatherback turtles, including males, provides valuable data for long-term health monitoring and comparative studies of this endangered population. C1 [Harris, Heather S.; Gilardi, Kirsten V.; Mazet, Jonna A. K.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Benson, Scott R.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Poppenga, Robert H.] Univ Calif Davis, Calif Anim Hlth & Food Safety Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Work, Thierry M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Hawaii Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. [Dutton, Peter H.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Harris, HS (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM heathersharris@gmail.com RI Mazet, Jonna/B-4811-2012; Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015 OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090 FU California Department of Fish and Game's Oil Spill Response Trust through the Oiled Wildlife Care Network at the Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis; School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis; National Marine Fisheries Service-Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center and Southwest Fisheries Science Center FX Animal capture and sampling was conducted under the authority of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS scientific research permit 1227) and with approval of the University of California, Davis Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (protocol 11937). Funding was provided by the California Department of Fish and Game's Oil Spill Response Trust Fund through the Oiled Wildlife Care Network at the Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis; the Theodora Peigh Dual Degree DVM/MPVM scholarship, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis; and the National Marine Fisheries Service-Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center and Southwest Fisheries Science Center. We thank the following organizations: in California, the leatherback capture and aerial teams, Aspen Helicopters, Inc., and Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Marine Operations; from St. Croix, the West Indies Marine Animal Research and Conservation Service, Virgin Islands Department of Parks and Natural Resources, and the US Fish and Wildlife Service; from Papua New Guinea, the Kamiali Wildlife Management Area and Papua New Guinea Department of Environment and Conservation; and from Costa Rica, the Costa Rica Ministry of Energy and Environment and Parque Nacional Marino Las Baulas. We thank T. Norton, J. St. Leger, and C. Harms for assistance with study design; T. Norton, J. St. Leger, and G. Balazs for reviewing our manuscript; T. Farver and D. Carlson-Bremer for statistical support; and L. Hull for logistic support. NR 71 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 28 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2011 VL 47 IS 2 BP 321 EP 337 PG 17 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 750HO UT WOS:000289537400008 PM 21441185 ER PT J AU Sinclair, EH York, AE Antonelis, GA AF Sinclair, E. H. York, A. E. Antonelis, G. A. TI Otolith size and location in digestive tracts of northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus): Implications for dietary interpretations SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE diet; stomach; scat; Callorhinus ursinus; northern fur seal; pinniped; pollock; otolith; prey size ID BERING-SEA; ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; FEEDING-HABITS; PREY; LIONS; ALASKA AB P>Walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) otoliths (n = 2,706) recovered from stomachs, small intestines, and colons of 43 northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) were evaluated for size and wear by location in the digestive tract. Pollock fork length was regressed on otolith length after correction for erosion, and age was estimated from the calculated body size. Age-1+ pollock otoliths (>= 6.3-mm length) were concentrated in stomachs while age-0 otoliths (< 6.2-mm length) were concentrated in colons. Less than 10% of otoliths were found in the small intestines. Pollock age decreased with progression along seal gastrointestinal tracts. Otolith quality increased along gastrointestinal tracts in numbers >= 20, which was typical of age-0 otoliths recovered from colons. Otolith distribution by age and quality along gastrointestinal tracts suggests that small (< 12 cm) schooling prey are consumed in large volume and passed as a bolus rapidly through the digestive tract before significant erosion of bony remains occurs; while larger prey are eaten in smaller volume and subjected to otolith erosion due to longer retention in the stomach. Our results illustrate the importance of multiple sampling strategies to comprehensively represent prey size in pinniped diet. C1 [Sinclair, E. H.] Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Antonelis, G. A.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Sinclair, EH (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM beth.sinclair@noaa.gov NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2011 VL 27 IS 2 BP 421 EP 430 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2010.00418.x PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 749KU UT WOS:000289465900018 ER PT J AU Ping, F Luo, ZX Li, XF AF Ping, Fan Luo, Zhexian Li, Xiaofan TI Regional dependence of microphysical and radiative effects of ice clouds on vertical structures of tropical tropospheric temperature SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; DIURNAL-VARIATIONS; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; FRONTAL RAINBANDS; MODEL; CONVECTION; MESOSCALE; WATER; PARAMETERIZATION; PRECIPITATION AB Regional dependence of microphysical and radiative effects of ice clouds on vertical structure of tropical tropospheric temperature is examined by analyzing thermodynamic budgets over clear sky, raining stratiform, convective, and non-raining stratiform regions with three two-dimensional sensitivity equilibrium cloud-resolving model simulation data. The decrease in the mean tropospheric cooling caused by radiative effects of ice clouds results from the decreases in local atmospheric cooling over clear sky regions around 12-16 km through the decrease in heat divergence and below 7.5 km through the decrease in radiative cooling and over non-raining stratiform regions around 6-13 km through the increase in latent heat. The increase in the mean tropospheric cooling caused by microphysical effects of ice clouds results from the increases in local atmospheric cooling over clear sky regions through the decrease in heat convergence below 4 km the increase in radiative cooling around 4-8 km and over non-raining stratiform regions through the increase in radiative cooling around 7-10 km. The raining regions do not show any significant thermal changes due to the cancellation between heat convergence and latent heat. C1 [Ping, Fan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Lab Cloud Precipitat Phys & Severe Storms LACS, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Ping, Fan; Luo, Zhexian] Wuxi Res Ctr Environm Sci & Technol, Wuxi 214031, Peoples R China. [Luo, Zhexian] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Remote Sensing Coll, Nanjing 210044, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiaofan] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Ping, F (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Lab Cloud Precipitat Phys & Severe Storms LACS, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM pingf@mail.iap.ac.cn RI Li, Xiaofan/F-5605-2010; Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014 FU Chinese Academy of Sciences [KZCX2-YW-Q11-04]; National Natural Sciences Foundation of China [40775038, 40975036, 40875031]; Environment Science and Technology Research Center Foundation of Wuxi FX The authors thank Dr. W.-K. Tao at NASA/GSFC for his cloud-resolving model. This work is supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences under the Grant No. KZCX2-YW-Q11-04 and the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China under the Grants No. 40775038, 40975036 and 40875031 and the Environment Science and Technology Research Center Foundation of Wuxi. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 EI 1436-5065 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PD APR PY 2011 VL 112 IS 1-2 BP 29 EP 39 DI 10.1007/s00703-011-0129-9 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 747FA UT WOS:000289304500003 ER PT J AU Dong, JL Xue, M Droegemeier, K AF Dong, Jili Xue, Ming Droegemeier, Kelvin TI The analysis and impact of simulated high-resolution surface observations in addition to radar data for convective storms with an ensemble Kalman filter SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; SCALE DATA ASSIMILATION; NONHYDROSTATIC ATMOSPHERIC SIMULATION; PART I; SYSTEM ARPS; MICROPHYSICAL PARAMETERS; MODEL EXPERIMENTS; CLOUD ANALYSIS; JUNE 2002; MESOSCALE AB Observing system simulation experiments are performed using an ensemble Kalman filter to investigate the impact of surface observations in addition to radar data on convective storm analysis and forecasting. A multi-scale procedure is used in which different covariance localization radii are used for radar and surface observations. When the radar is far enough away from the main storm so that the low level data coverage is poor, a clear positive impact of surface observations is achieved when the network spacing is 20 km or smaller. The impact of surface data increases quasi-linearly with decreasing surface network spacing until the spacing is close to the grid interval of the truth simulation. The impact of surface data is sustained or even amplified during subsequent forecasts when their impact on the analysis is significant. When microphysics-related model error is introduced, the impact of surface data is reduced but still evidently positive, and the impact also increases with network density. Through dynamic flow-dependent background error covariance, the surface observations not only correct near-surface errors, but also errors at the mid- and upper levels. State variables different from observed are also positively impacted by the observations in the analysis. C1 [Dong, Jili; Xue, Ming; Droegemeier, Kelvin] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Dong, Jili; Xue, Ming; Droegemeier, Kelvin] Univ Oklahoma, Natl Weather Ctr, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Dong, JL (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Suite 2500,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM jldong@ou.edu RI Xue, Ming/F-8073-2011 OI Xue, Ming/0000-0003-1976-3238 FU NSF [AGS-0331594, AGS-0802888, OCI-0905040, AGS-0750790, AGS-0608168, EEC-0313747] FX We thank Dr. Mingjing Tong for her assistance and helpful discussions on the ARPS EnKF assimilation system, and Nathan Snook for proofreading the manuscript. This work was primarily supported by NSF grants AGS-0331594, AGS-0802888 and OCI-0905040. Ming Xue was also supported by NSF grants AGS-0750790, AGS-0608168 and EEC-0313747, Computations were performed at the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center (PSC) and Oklahoma Supercomputing Center for Research and Education (OSCER). NR 42 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 EI 1436-5065 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PD APR PY 2011 VL 112 IS 1-2 BP 41 EP 61 DI 10.1007/s00703-011-0130-3 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 747FA UT WOS:000289304500004 ER PT J AU Berg, RJ Avila, LA AF Berg, Robert J. Avila, Lixion A. TI Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2009 SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY; FORECASTS AB The 2009 Atlantic season was marked by below-average tropical cyclone activity with the formation of nine tropical storms, the fewest since the 1997 Atlantic hurricane season. Of these, three became hurricanes and two strengthened into major hurricanes (category 3 or higher on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale). In addition, there were two tropical depressions that did not reach storm strength. The numbers of tropical storms and hurricanes were below the long-term averages of 11 named storms and 6 hurricanes, although the number of major hurricanes equaled the long-term average of 2. Many of the cyclones remained relatively weak. Only one tropical cyclone, Tropical Storm Claudette, made landfall in the United States, although Ida affected the northern Gulf Coast as a tropical storm before moving inland as an extratropical cyclone. Hurricane Bill and Tropical Storm Danny indirectly affected the East Coast by producing high surf, rip currents, and beach erosion; Bill also produced tropical storm conditions over Bermuda and parts of Atlantic Canada. Hurricane Ida made landfall in Nicaragua and also affected parts of Honduras, the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico, and western Cuba. Tropical Storm Erika had minor effects on the northern Leeward Islands, mainly in the form of light rain, and Tropical Storm Grace moved through the Azores with little impact. The death toll from the 2009 Atlantic tropical cyclones was six. A verification of National Hurricane Center official forecasts during 2009 is also presented. Official track errors and forecast skill set records for accuracy at lead times between 24 and 72 h. Official intensity forecast errors were mostly larger than the previous 5-yr means, although intensity forecast skill was at or above historical highs since the intensity skill baseline [i.e., Decay-Statistical Hurricane Intensity Forecast model version 5 (Decay-SHIFOR5)] errors were well above average. C1 [Berg, Robert J.; Avila, Lixion A.] Natl Hurricane Ctr, NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Miami, FL 33165 USA. RP Berg, RJ (reprint author), Natl Hurricane Ctr, NOAA, NWS, NCEP, 11691 SW 17th St, Miami, FL 33165 USA. EM robert.berg@noaa.gov NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD APR PY 2011 VL 139 IS 4 BP 1049 EP 1069 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3476.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 751DH UT WOS:000289597200001 ER PT J AU Vecchi, GA Zhao, M Wang, H Villarini, G Rosati, A Kumar, A Held, IM Gudgel, R AF Vecchi, Gabriel A. Zhao, Ming Wang, Hui Villarini, Gabriele Rosati, Anthony Kumar, Arun Held, Isaac M. Gudgel, Richard TI Statistical-Dynamical Predictions of Seasonal North Atlantic Hurricane Activity SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; DATA ASSIMILATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PART I; MODEL; VARIABILITY; FREQUENCY; SYSTEM; INTENSITY; ANOMALIES AB Skillfully predicting North Atlantic hurricane activity months in advance is of potential societal significance and a useful test of our understanding of the factors controlling hurricane activity. In this paper, a statistical dynamical hurricane forecasting system, based on a statistical hurricane model, with explicit uncertainty estimates, and built from a suite of high-resolution global atmospheric dynamical model integrations spanning a broad range of climate states is described. The statistical model uses two climate predictors: the sea surface temperature (SST) in the tropical North Atlantic and SST averaged over the global tropics. The choice of predictors is motivated by physical considerations, as well as the results of high-resolution hurricane modeling and statistical modeling of the observed record. The statistical hurricane model is applied to a suite of initialized dynamical global climate model forecasts of SST to predict North Atlantic hurricane frequency, which peaks during the August October season, from different starting dates. Retrospective forecasts of the 1982-2009 period indicate that skillful predictions can be made from as early as November of the previous year; that is, skillful forecasts for the coming North Atlantic hurricane season could be made as the current one is closing. Based on forecasts initialized between November 2009 and March 2010, the model system predicts that the upcoming 2010 North Atlantic hurricane season will likely be more active than the 1982-2009 climatology, with the forecasts initialized in March 2010 predicting an expected hurricane count of eight and a 50% probability of counts between six (the 1966-2009 median) and nine. C1 [Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Zhao, Ming; Rosati, Anthony; Held, Isaac M.; Gudgel, Richard] NOAA GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Zhao, Ming] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Wang, Hui; Kumar, Arun] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Wang, Hui] Wyle Informat Syst, Mclean, VA USA. [Villarini, Gabriele] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Villarini, Gabriele] Willis Res Network, London, England. RP Vecchi, GA (reprint author), NOAA GFDL, Forrestal Campus,Rte 1, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM gabriel.a.vecchi@noaa.gov RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Wang, Hui/B-6516-2008; Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014; Villarini, Gabriele/F-8069-2016 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Villarini, Gabriele/0000-0001-9566-2370 FU Willis Research Networks FX We thank Tom Delworth, Takeshi Doi, Anna Johansson, Tom Knutson, Bill Stern, and Mario Vecchi for comments and suggestions. Gabriele Villarini is funded by the Willis Research Networks. We are grateful to Shian-Jiann Lin and Bruce Wyman for their work developing the HiRAM atmospheric modeling system, to Shaoqing Zhang and You-Soon Chang for their work on the GFDL-CM2.1 assimilation and forecast system, and to the NCEP CFS team. NR 44 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD APR PY 2011 VL 139 IS 4 BP 1070 EP 1082 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3499.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 751DH UT WOS:000289597200002 ER PT J AU Coniglio, MC Corfidi, SF Kain, JS AF Coniglio, Michael C. Corfidi, Stephen F. Kain, John S. TI Environment and Early Evolution of the 8 May 2009 Derecho-Producing Convective System SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID LIVED SQUALL LINES; LOW-LEVEL JET; UNITED-STATES; BOW ECHOES; PART I; INERTIAL INSTABILITY; COLD POOLS; CLIMATOLOGY; RADAR; COMPLEXES AB This study documents the complex environment and early evolution of the remarkable derecho that traversed portions of the central United States on 8 May 2009. Central to this study is the comparison of the 8 May 2009 derecho environment to that of other mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) that occurred in the central United States during a similar time of year. Synoptic-scale forcing was weak and thermodynamic instability was limited during the development of the initial convection, but several mesoscale features of the environment appeared to contribute to initiation and upscale growth, including a mountain wave, a midlevel jet streak, a weak midlevel vorticity maximum, a "Denver cyclone," and a region of upper-tropospheric inertial instability. The subsequent MCS developed in an environment with an unusually strong and deep low-level jet (LLJ), which transported exceptionally high amounts of low-level moisture northward very rapidly, destabilized the lower troposphere, and enhanced frontogenetical circulations that appeared to aid convective development. The thermodynamic environment ahead of the developing MCS contained unusually high precipitable water (PW) and very large midtropospheric lapse rates, compared to other central plains MCSs. Values of down-draft convective available potential energy (DCAPE), mean winds, and 0-6-km vertical wind shear were not as anomalously large as the PW, lapse rates, and LLJ. In fact, the DCAPE values were lower than the mean values in the comparison dataset. These results suggest that the factors contributing to updraft strength over a relatively confined area played a significant role in generating the strong outflow winds at the surface, by providing a large volume of hydrometeors to drive the downdrafts. C1 [Coniglio, Michael C.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Corfidi, Stephen F.] NOAA, Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Coniglio, MC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, Rm 2234,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM michael.coniglio@noaa.gov NR 56 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD APR PY 2011 VL 139 IS 4 BP 1083 EP 1102 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3413.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 751DH UT WOS:000289597200003 ER PT J AU Ralph, FM Neiman, PJ Kiladis, GN Weickmann, K Reynolds, DW AF Ralph, F. Martin Neiman, Paul J. Kiladis, George N. Weickmann, Klaus Reynolds, David W. TI A Multiscale Observational Case Study of a Pacific Atmospheric River Exhibiting Tropical-Extratropical Connections and a Mesoscale Frontal Wave SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; EASTERN NORTH PACIFIC; WATER-VAPOR; PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; UNITED-STATES; LIFE-CYCLES; EL-NINO; CALIFORNIA; CALJET; SSM/I AB A case study is presented of an atmospheric river (AR) that produced heavy precipitation in the U.S. Pacific Northwest during March 2005. The study documents several key ingredients from the planetary scale to the mesoscale that contributed to the extreme nature of this event. The multiscale analysis uses unique experimental data collected by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) P-3 aircraft operated from Hawaii, coastal wind profiler and global positioning system (GPS) meteorological stations in Oregon, and satellite and global reanalysis data. Moving from larger scales to smaller scales, the primary findings of this study are as follow: 1) phasing of several major planetary-scale phenomena influenced by tropical-extratropical interactions led to the direct entrainment of tropical water vapor into the AR near Hawaii, 2) dropsonde observations documented the northward advection of tropical water vapor into the subtropical extension of the midlatitude AR, and 3) a mesoscale frontal wave increased the duration of AR conditions at landfall in the Pacific Northwest. C1 [Ralph, F. Martin; Neiman, Paul J.; Kiladis, George N.; Weickmann, Klaus] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Reynolds, David W.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, WFO San Francisco Bay Area, Monterey, CA USA. RP Ralph, FM (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Mail Code R PSD2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM marty.ralph@noaa.gov FU NOAA; California Department of Water Resources FX The engineering team at NOAA/PSD, led by James Jordan and Clark King, built, deployed, and maintained the land-based experimental instrumentation used in this study. Dave Kingsmill of PSD served as flight scientist during the NOAA P-3 missions. Dave Jorgensen provided algorithms and tools for flight planning. The P-3 data collection would not have been possible without Jim Churnside and coordination with his Ghostnets project conducted as part of the same deployment. Cathy Smith of PSD developed the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis tools used in this study. Gary Wick and Darren Jackson of PSD generated the satellite imagery, Allen White of PSD created the terrain base map, and Jim Adams electronically drafted a number of the figures. This research was supported by NOAA's Hydrometeorological Testbed, NOAA's Weather-Climate Connection project, and a contract with the California Department of Water Resources. NR 66 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD APR PY 2011 VL 139 IS 4 BP 1169 EP 1189 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3596.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 751DH UT WOS:000289597200008 ER PT J AU Xie, Y Koch, S McGinley, J Albers, S Bieringer, PE Wolfson, M Chan, M AF Xie, Y. Koch, S. McGinley, J. Albers, S. Bieringer, P. E. Wolfson, M. Chan, M. TI A Space-Time Multiscale Analysis System: A Sequential Variational Analysis Approach SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; RECURSIVE FILTERS; DATA ASSIMILATION; NUMERICAL ASPECTS; ERROR STATISTICS; COVARIANCES; PREDICTION AB As new observation systems are developed and deployed, new and presumably more precise information is becoming available for weather forecasting and climate monitoring. To take advantage of these new observations, it is desirable to have schemes to accurately retrieve the information before statistical analyses are performed so that statistical computation can be more effectively used where it is needed most. The authors propose a sequential variational approach that possesses advantages of both a standard statistical analysis [such as with a three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) or Kalman filter] and a traditional objective analysis (such as the Barnes analysis). The sequential variational analysis is multiscale, inhomogeneous, anisotropic, and temporally consistent, as shown by an idealized test case and observational datasets in this study. The real data cases include applications in two-dimensional and three-dimensional space and time for storm outflow boundary detection (surface application) and hurricane data assimilation (three-dimensional space application). Implemented using a multigrid technique, this sequential variational approach is a very efficient data assimilation method. C1 [Xie, Y.; Koch, S.; McGinley, J.; Albers, S.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Albers, S.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Bieringer, P. E.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Wolfson, M.; Chan, M.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Xie, Y (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, R GSD7,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM yuanfu.xie@noaa.gov RI Albers, Steven/E-7416-2015; Xie, Yuanfu/G-4413-2015 FU Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) FX This research is in response to requirements and funding by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official policy or position of the FAA. NR 22 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD APR PY 2011 VL 139 IS 4 BP 1224 EP 1240 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3338.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 751DH UT WOS:000289597200011 ER PT J AU Lacroix, LM Huls, NF Ho, D Sun, XL Cheng, K Sun, SH AF Lacroix, Lise-Marie Huls, Natalie Frey Ho, Don Sun, Xiaolian Cheng, Kai Sun, Shouheng TI Stable Single-Crystalline Body Centered Cubic Fe Nanoparticles SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Magnetic nanoparticles; bcc-Fe; nanoparticle stability; magnetic imaging; magnetic hyperthermia ID MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES; IRON NANOCUBES; COBALT NANOPARTICLES; HYPERTHERMIA; SUPERLATTICES; THERAPY; CANCER; MRI AB We report,a facile synthesis of body centered cubic (bcc) Fe nanoparticles (NPs) via the thermal decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl, Fe(CO)(5), in the presence of hexadecylammonium chloride. These bcc-Fe NPs exhibit a drastically increased stability and magnetic moment (M-s = 164 A . m(2) . kg(-1) (Fe)) even in physiological solutions, and have much enhanced magnetic imaging contrast (r(2) = 220 s(-1) . mM(-1)) and heating (SAR = 140 W . g(Fe)(-1)) effects. They may serve as robust probes for imaging and therapeutic applications. C1 [Lacroix, Lise-Marie; Ho, Don; Sun, Xiaolian; Cheng, Kai; Sun, Shouheng] Brown Univ, Dept Chem, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Huls, Natalie Frey] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sun, SH (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Chem, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM ssun@brown.edu RI Wei, Zhanhua/D-7544-2013; Lacroix, Lise-Marie/M-5219-2016 OI Wei, Zhanhua/0000-0003-2687-0293; Lacroix, Lise-Marie/0000-0003-3351-7949 FU NIH/NCI [1R21CA12859]; DOE/EPS-CoR [DE-FG02-07ER36374]; DARPA/ARO [W911NF-08-1-0249]; Brown Imaging Fund; French State/D4S grant FX Supported in part by NIH/NCI 1R21CA12859, DOE/EPS-CoR DE-FG02-07ER36374, DARPA/ARO W911NF-08-1-0249, and the Brown Imaging Fund. The authors thank J. Orchado for help with ICP measurements. L.-M.L. thanks the French State/D4S grant for supporting her work at Brown University. N.F.H. thanks C. L. Dennis of NIST for experimental help and useful comments. NR 29 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 14 U2 129 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD APR PY 2011 VL 11 IS 4 BP 1641 EP 1645 DI 10.1021/nl200110t PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 747TB UT WOS:000289341500043 PM 21417366 ER PT J AU Fagan, JA Lin, NJ Zeisler, R Walker, ARH AF Fagan, Jeffrey A. Lin, Nancy J. Zeisler, Rolf Walker, Angela R. Hight TI Effects of gamma irradiation for sterilization on aqueous dispersions of length sorted carbon nanotubes SO NANO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Nanotube; single-wall nanotube (SWNT); single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT); gamma irradiation; sterilization; dispersion ID IONIZING-RADIATION; NANOPARTICLES; RAMAN; ELECTRON AB There is currently great interest in the potential use of carbon nanotubes as delivery vessels for nanotherapeutics and other medical applications. However, no data are available on the effects of sterilization methods on the properties of nanotube dispersions, the form in which most medical applications will be processed. Here we show the effects of gamma irradiation from a Co-60 source on the dispersion and optical properties of single-wall carbon nanotubes in aqueous dispersion. Samples of different length-refined populations were sealed in ampoules and exposed to a dose of approximately 28 kGy, a level sufficient to ensure sterility of the dispersions. In contrast to literature results for solid-phase nanotube samples, the effects of gamma irradiation on the dispersion and optical properties of the nanotube samples were found to be minimal. Based on these results, gamma irradiation appears sufficiently non-destructive to be industrially useful for the sterilization of nanotube dispersions. C1 [Fagan, Jeffrey A.; Lin, Nancy J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zeisler, Rolf] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Walker, Angela R. Hight] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fagan, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Jeffrey.fagan@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009; OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672; Fagan, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1483-5554 NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU TSINGHUA UNIV PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIV, RM A703, XUEYAN BLDG, BEIJING, 10084, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1998-0124 EI 1998-0000 J9 NANO RES JI Nano Res. PD APR PY 2011 VL 4 IS 4 BP 393 EP 404 DI 10.1007/s12274-011-0094-0 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 750EZ UT WOS:000289529200008 ER PT J AU Barber, ZW Giorgetta, FR Roos, PA Coddington, I Dahl, JR Reibel, RR Greenfield, N Newbury, NR AF Barber, Zeb W. Giorgetta, Fabrizio R. Roos, Peter A. Coddington, Ian Dahl, Jason R. Reibel, Randy R. Greenfield, Nathan Newbury, Nathan R. TI Characterization of an actively linearized ultrabroadband chirped laser with a fiber-laser optical frequency comb SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY AB The optical frequency sweep of an actively linearized, ultrabroadband, chirped laser source is characterized through optical heterodyne detection against a fiber-laser frequency comb. Frequency sweeps were measured over approximately 5 THz bandwidths from 1530nm to 1570nm. The dominant deviation from linearity resulted from the nonzero dispersion of the fiber delay used as a reference for the sweep linearization. Removing the low-order dispersion effects, the residual sweep nonlinearity was less than 60 kHz rms, corresponding to a constant chirp with less than 15 ppb deviation across the 5 THz sweep. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Barber, Zeb W.; Dahl, Jason R.] Montana State Univ, Spectrum Lab, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Giorgetta, Fabrizio R.; Coddington, Ian; Newbury, Nathan R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Roos, Peter A.; Reibel, Randy R.; Greenfield, Nathan] Bridger Photon Inc, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Barber, ZW (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Spectrum Lab, POB 173510, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM barber@spectrum.montana.edu RI Giorgetta, Fabrizio/O-1730-2014 OI Giorgetta, Fabrizio/0000-0003-2066-3912 FU Swiss Foundation; Montana Board of Research, Commercialization, and Technology FX The authors acknowledge technical support from E. Baumann and W. Swann. F. Giorgetta acknowledges financial support from the Swiss Foundation. The authors also acknowledge funding from the Montana Board of Research, Commercialization, and Technology. Any mention of commercial products does not constitute an endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 19 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2011 VL 36 IS 7 BP 1152 EP 1154 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 746ML UT WOS:000289251000042 PM 21479013 ER PT J AU Liu, WJ Hong, Y Khan, S Huang, MB Grout, T Adhikari, P AF Liu, Wenjuan Hong, Yang Khan, Sadiq Huang, Mingbin Grout, Trevor Adhikari, Pradeep TI Evaluation of Global Daily Reference ET Using Oklahoma's Environmental Monitoring Network-MESONET SO WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Evapotranspiration (ET); Reference ET; GDAS; Oklahoma MESONET ID ENERGY-BALANCE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AB The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential utility of the USGS Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) 1-degree, daily reference Evapotranspiration (ET0) products by comparing them with observed Oklahoma mesonet daily ET0 over a 2 year period (2005-2006). The comparison showed a close match between the two independent ET0 products, with bias within a range of 10% for most of the sites and the overall bias of -aEuro parts per thousand 2.80%. The temporal patterns are strongly correlated, with a correlation coefficient above 0.9 for all groups. In summary, we conclude that (1) the consistent low bias shows the original GDAS ET0 products have high potentials to be used in land surface modeling; (2) the high temporal correlations demonstrate the capability of GDAS ET0 to represent the major atmospheric processes that control the daily variation of surface hydrology; (3) The temporal and spatial correspondences in trend between independent datasets (GDAS and MESONET) were good. The finding in Oklahoma, a different hydro-climate region from a similar regional study conducted in California by Senay et al. (J Am Water Res Assoc 44(4):969-979, 2008), reconfirms the reliability and potential of using GDAS reference ET for regional energy balance and water resources management in many parts of the world. C1 [Liu, Wenjuan; Hong, Yang; Khan, Sadiq; Grout, Trevor; Adhikari, Pradeep] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Liu, Wenjuan; Huang, Mingbin] NW A&F Univ, Coll Resource & Environm, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Prov, Peoples R China. [Liu, Wenjuan; Hong, Yang; Khan, Sadiq; Grout, Trevor; Adhikari, Pradeep] Natl Weather Ctr, Ctr Nat Hazard & Disaster Res, Norman, OK USA. [Liu, Wenjuan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Earth Environm, Xian 710075, Shaanxi Prov, Peoples R China. [Huang, Mingbin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil & Water Conservat, State Key Lab Soil Eros & Dryland Farming Loess P, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Huang, Mingbin] Minist Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. RP Hong, Y (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM yanghong@ou.edu RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Khan, Sadiq/B-8209-2012; OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Adhikari, Pradeep/0000-0003-2218-4376 FU United State Geological Survey and Oklahoma Water Resources Research Institute; State Scholar Council, Ministry of Education of China FX This work was financed by the United State Geological Survey and Oklahoma Water Resources Research Institute. Partial funding for the first author is also provided by State Scholar Council, Ministry of Education of China. The authors also would like to extend their appreciation to Oklahoma MESONET for providing meteorological data required for the study. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-4741 EI 1573-1650 J9 WATER RESOUR MANAG JI Water Resour. Manag. PD APR PY 2011 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1601 EP 1613 DI 10.1007/s11269-010-9763-0 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 735WC UT WOS:000288450300006 ER PT J AU Merino, J Aust, C Caffey, R AF Merino, Joy Aust, Christiane Caffey, Rex TI Cost-Efficacy in Wetland Restoration Projects in Coastal Louisiana SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Barrier island; CWPPRA; Policy; Protection ID BARRIER-ISLAND AB The Coastal Wetlands Planning Protection and Restoration Act (CWPPRA) provides one of the largest sources of U.S. funding for wetland restoration. A preliminary economic analysis of the CWPPRA program questioned the program's selection of cost efficient wetland restoration projects, specifically related to the funding of barrier island projects, and recommended a more rigorous statistical analysis of the data (Aust 2006). We conducted an analysis to determine what available variables, such as wetland loss, influence CWPPRA project selection for funding. We found that the program was selecting cost-effective projects overall. Cost efficacy varied significantly by restoration project type, with barrier island restoration having the greatest cost/benefit. We present possible justifications for funding these projects despite the higher cost/benefit. This paper will help participants of this restoration program and others in evaluating how projects are developed, evaluated and selected for funding. C1 [Merino, Joy] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Estuarine Habitats & Coastal Fisheries Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Aust, Christiane; Caffey, Rex] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Merino, J (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Estuarine Habitats & Coastal Fisheries Ctr, 646 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM joy.merino@noaa.gov FU Louisiana Sea Grant; NOAA Restoration Center FX We owe special thanks to our statistician Darren Johnson of IAP World Services for analysis and writing revisions. We thank Dr. Margaret Reams, Dr. Rich Kazmierzcak, and Dr. John Westra for assistance, and Rick Hartman, John Foret, Kevin Roy, Lawrence Rozas, and two anonymous for reviews. Funding was provided by the Louisiana Sea Grant and NOAA Restoration Center. Information provided by Kevin Roy (USFWS), George Townsley (NRCS), Allan Hebert (USACE), Brad Miller (LDNR), National Marine Fisheries Service, and others. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD APR PY 2011 VL 31 IS 2 BP 367 EP 375 DI 10.1007/s13157-011-0145-z PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 746ZC UT WOS:000289288700016 ER PT J AU Jin, LX Rother, G Cole, DR Mildner, DFR Duffy, CJ Brantley, SL AF Jin, Lixin Rother, Gernot Cole, David R. Mildner, David F. R. Duffy, Christopher J. Brantley, Susan L. TI Characterization of deep weathering and nanoporosity development in shale-A neutron study SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE SANS/USANS; regolith; porosity; fractal dimension; clay minerals; surface area ID SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; LUQUILLO MOUNTAINS; SEDIMENTARY-ROCKS; FRACTAL GEOMETRY; SOIL PRODUCTION; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; MASS-TRANSFER; EROSION RATE; PUERTO-RICO; MODEL AB We used small-angle and ultra-small-angle neutron scattering (SANS/USANS) to characterize the evolution of nanoscale features in weathering Rose Hill shale within the Susquehanna/Shale Hills Observatory (SSHO). The SANS/USANS techniques, here referred to as neutron scattering (NS), characterize porosity comprised of features ranging from approximately 3 nm to several micrometers in dimension. NS was used to investigate shale chips sampled by gas-powered drilling ("saprock") or by hand-augering ("regolith") at ridgetop. At about 20 m depth, dissolution is inferred to have depleted the bedrock of ankerite and all the chips investigated with NS are from above the ankerite dissolution zone. NS documents that 5-6% of the total ankerite-free rock volume is comprised of isolated, intraparticle pores. At 5 m depth, an abrupt increase in porosity and surface area corresponds with onset of feldspar dissolution in the saprock and is attributed mainly to pen-glacial processes from 1 5 000 years ago. At tens of centimeters below the saprock-regolith interface, the porosity and surface area increase markedly as chlorite and illite begin to dissolve. These clay reactions contribute to the transformation of saprock to regolith. Throughout the regolith, intraparticle pores in chips connect to form larger interparticle pores and scattering changes from a mass fractal at depth to a surface fractal near the land surface. Pore geometry also changes from anisotropic at depth, perhaps related to pencil cleavage created in the rock by previous tectonic activity, to isotropic at the uppermost surface as clays weather. In the most weathered regolith, kaolinite and Fe-oxyhydroxides precipitate, blocking some connected pores. These precipitates, coupled with exposure of more quartz by clay weathering, contribute to the decreased mineral-pore interfacial area in the uppermost samples. These observations are consistent with conversion of bedrock to saprock to regolith at SSHO due to: (I) transport of reactants (e.g., water, O-2) into primary pores and fractures created by tectonic events and pen-glacial effects; (2) mineral-water reactions and particle loss that increase porosity and the access of water into the rock. From deep to shallow, mineral-water reactions may change from largely transport-limited where porosity was set largely by ancient tectonic activity to kinetic-limited where porosity is changing due to climate-driven processes. C1 [Jin, Lixin; Brantley, Susan L.] Penn State Univ, Ctr Environm Kinet Anal, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16803 USA. [Rother, Gernot; Cole, David R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Cole, David R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Duffy, Christopher J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, University Pk, PA 16803 USA. RP Jin, LX (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Ctr Environm Kinet Anal, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16803 USA. EM luj10@psu.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Rother, Gernot/B-7281-2008 OI Rother, Gernot/0000-0003-4921-6294 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; NSF [CHE-0431328, EAR-0725019] FX We acknowledge instrumentation and technical support at NCNR-NIST from Andrew Jackson and Rick Paul. John Cantolina at Material Characterization Laboratory at the Pennsylvania State University helped with SEM and Larry Allard at ORNL with TEM. Waleska Castro and Tiffany Yesavage helped with ferrous iron titration. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. The identification of commercial products is for adequate description of the experimental facilities and procedures, and does not imply recommendations or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the equipment is necessarily the best available for the purpose. G. R. and D.R.C. are supported from the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences through "Structure and Dynamics of Earth Materials, Interfaces, and Reactions" (FWP ERKCC72) under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 to Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC. L.J. and S.L.B. acknowledge funding front NSF CHE-0431328 (PI: S. Brantley) for support for the Environmental Molecular Sciences Institute at Penn State (Center for Environmental Kinetics Analysis) and from NSF EAR-0725019 (PI: C. Duffy, Penn State) for the Susquehanna/Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory. Logistical support was provided by the NSF-supported Shale Hills Susquehanna Critical Zone Observatory. We thank Steven Higgins for editorial handling and Alain Meunier and another anonymous reviewer for comments, which greatly improved this work. NR 78 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 48 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD APR PY 2011 VL 96 IS 4 BP 498 EP 512 DI 10.2138/am.2011.3598 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 744XR UT WOS:000289129000004 ER PT J AU Anenberg, SC West, JJ Horowitz, LW Tong, DQ AF Anenberg, Susan C. West, J. Jason Horowitz, Larry W. Tong, Daniel Q. TI The Global Burden of Air Pollution on Mortality: Anenberg et al. Respond SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Letter ID OZONE C1 [Anenberg, Susan C.; West, J. Jason] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. [Horowitz, Larry W.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Tong, Daniel Q.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Sci & Technol Corp, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Anenberg, SC (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. EM jasonwest@unc.edu RI Tong, Daniel/A-8255-2008; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; West, Jason/J-2322-2015 OI Tong, Daniel/0000-0002-4255-4568; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; West, Jason/0000-0001-5652-4987 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 2011 VL 119 IS 4 BP A158 EP + DI 10.1289/ehp.1003276R PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 744BA UT WOS:000289065900004 ER PT J AU Benson, JD AF Benson, James D. TI Stability analysis of several non-dilute multiple solute transport equations SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Mathematical biology; Cellular mass transport; Non-dilute osmolality ID PERMEABILITY; MEMBRANES AB Recently a new solute and solvent transmembrane cellular transport model accounting for non-dilute solute concentrations was introduced. This model depends on a second or third order polynomial expansion in mole fraction of Gibbs energy for solutes and solvents along with a mixing term that depends only on single solute data. This model is applicable to cells in so called semi-dilute anisosmotic conditions. The extents of these conditions are not immediately clear from within the theory. Therefore, in order to provide an estimate of the upper concentration bound of this model we rederive the original model in the practical molality form, apply a natural extension of the model to an arbitrary number of solutes, and provide concrete bounds on the maximal concentrations where the model may be stable, and thus likely physiologically relevant. Moreover, we apply a similar stability analysis for a simpler, and more classic model based on similar Gibbs energy. The results show that the classical model has an asymptotically stable rest point for all parameter values, whereas the new model does in fact become unstable at very high solute concentrations. This instability, however, occurs at concentrations that are most likely well beyond the intended applicability of the model. C1 NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Benson, JD (reprint author), NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM james.benson@nist.gov FU National Research Council FX Research funding was provided by a National Research Council Postdoctoral Associateship. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0259-9791 J9 J MATH CHEM JI J. Math. Chem. PD APR PY 2011 VL 49 IS 4 BP 859 EP 869 DI 10.1007/s10910-010-9783-2 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Chemistry; Mathematics GA 746ID UT WOS:000289237500004 ER PT J AU Mullen, KM Ardia, D Gil, DL Windover, D Cline, J AF Mullen, Katharine M. Ardia, David Gil, David L. Windover, Donald Cline, James TI DEoptim: An R Package for Global Optimization by Differential Evolution SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE global optimization; evolutionary algorithm; differential evolution; R software ID RAY; REFINEMENT; MANAGEMENT AB This article describes the R package DEoptim, which implements the differential evolution algorithm for global optimization of a real-valued function of a real-valued parameter vector. The implementation of differential evolution in DEoptim interfaces with C code for efficiency. The utility of the package is illustrated by case studies in fitting a Parratt model for X-ray reflectometry data and a Markov-switching generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity model for the returns of the Swiss Market Index. C1 [Mullen, Katharine M.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ardia, David] Aeris CAPITAL AG, Pfoffikon, Switzerland. RP Mullen, KM (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8520, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Katharine.Mullen@nist.gov OI Ardia, David/0000-0003-2823-782X NR 40 TC 86 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 15 PU JOURNAL STATISTICAL SOFTWARE PI LOS ANGELES PA UCLA DEPT STATISTICS, 8130 MATH SCIENCES BLDG, BOX 951554, LOS ANGELES, CA 90095-1554 USA SN 1548-7660 J9 J STAT SOFTW JI J. Stat. Softw. PD APR PY 2011 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1 EP 26 PG 26 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 746FO UT WOS:000289228700001 ER PT J AU Thompson, L Perez, RC Shevenell, AE AF Thompson, LuAnne Perez, Renellys C. Shevenell, Amelia E. TI Closed ranks in oceanography SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID WOMEN C1 [Thompson, LuAnne] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Perez, Renellys C.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Perez, Renellys C.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Shevenell, Amelia E.] UCL, Dept Geog, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Shevenell, Amelia E.] UCL, Dept Earth Sci, London WC1E 6BT, England. RP Thompson, L (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM luanne@u.washington.edu RI Perez, Renellys/D-1976-2012; shevenell, Amelia/A-4161-2009; Shevenell, Amelia/C-2757-2015 OI Perez, Renellys/0000-0002-4401-3853; Shevenell, Amelia/0000-0002-6457-6530 NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 14 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD APR PY 2011 VL 4 IS 4 BP 211 EP 212 DI 10.1038/ngeo1113 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 744AL UT WOS:000289063900004 ER PT J AU Lee, YJ Moon, D Migler, KB Cicerone, MT AF Lee, Young Jong Moon, Doyoung Migler, Kalman B. Cicerone, Marcus T. TI Quantitative Image Analysis of Broadband CARS Hyperspectral Images of Polymer Blends SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID STOKES-RAMAN SCATTERING; PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FIBER; MAXIMUM-ENTROPY METHOD; HIGH-SENSITIVITY; MICROSCOPY; SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSFORM; LASER AB We demonstrate that broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy can be very useful for fast acquisition of quantitative chemical images of multilayer polymer blends. This is challenging because the raw CARS signal results from the coherent interference of resonant Raman and nonresonant background and its intensity is not linearly proportional to the concentration of molecules of interest. Here we have developed a sequence of data-processing steps to retrieve background-free and noise-reduced Raman spectra over the whole frequency range including both the fingerprint and C H regions. Using a classical least-squares approach, we are able to decompose a Raman hyperspectral image of a tertiary polymer blend into quantitative chemical images of individual components. We use this method to acquire 3-D sectioned quantitative chemical images of a multilayer polymer blend of polystyrene, styrene-ethylene/propylene copolymer, and polypropylene that have overlapping spectral peaks. C1 [Lee, Young Jong; Moon, Doyoung; Migler, Kalman B.; Cicerone, Marcus T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, YJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yjlee@nist.gov; cicerone@nist.gov RI Lee, Young Jong/B-7129-2008; Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 OI Lee, Young Jong/0000-0001-7754-3001; NR 30 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD APR 1 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 7 BP 2733 EP 2739 DI 10.1021/ac103351q PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 741TM UT WOS:000288887700047 PM 21395296 ER PT J AU Msadek, R Frankignoul, C Li, LZX AF Msadek, Rym Frankignoul, Claude Li, Laurent Z. X. TI Mechanisms of the atmospheric response to North Atlantic multidecadal variability: a model study SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; MIDLATITUDE SST ANOMALIES; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; INTERDECADAL VARIATIONS; WINTER CIRCULATION; TRANSIENT EDDIES; CLIMATE RESPONSE AB The atmospheric circulation response to decadal fluctuations of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC) in the IPSL climate model is investigated using the associated sea surface temperature signature. A SST anomaly is prescribed in sensitivity experiments with the atmospheric component of the IPSL model coupled to a slab ocean. The prescribed SST anomaly in the North Atlantic is the surface signature of the MOC influence on the atmosphere detected in the coupled simulation. It follows a maximum of the MOC by a few years and resembles the model Atlantic multidecadal oscillation. It is mainly characterized by a warming of the North Atlantic south of Iceland, and a cooling of the Nordic Seas. There are substantial seasonal variations in the geopotential height response to the prescribed SST anomaly, with an East Atlantic Pattern-like response in summer and a North Atlantic oscillation-like signal in winter. In summer, the response of the atmosphere is global in scale, resembling the climatic impact detected in the coupled simulation, albeit with a weaker amplitude. The zonally asymmetric or eddy part of the response is characterized by a trough over warm SST associated with changes in the stationary waves. A diagnostic analysis with daily data emphasizes the role of transient-eddy forcing in shaping and maintaining the equilibrium response. We show that in response to an intensified MOC, the North Atlantic storm tracks are enhanced and shifted northward during summer, consistent with a strengthening of the westerlies. However the anomalous response is weak, which suggests a statistically significant but rather modest influence of the extratropical SST on the atmosphere. The winter response to the MOC-induced North Atlantic warming is an intensification of the subtropical jet and a southward shift of the Atlantic storm track activity, resulting in an equatorward shift of the polar jet. Although the SST anomaly is only prescribed in the Atlantic ocean, significant impacts are found globally, indicating that the Atlantic ocean can drive a large scale atmospheric variability at decadal timescales. The atmospheric response is highly non-linear in both seasons and is consistent with the strong interaction between transient eddies and the mean flow. This study emphasizes that decadal fluctuations of the MOC can affect the storm tracks in both seasons and lead to weak but significant dynamical changes in the atmosphere. C1 [Msadek, Rym; Frankignoul, Claude] Univ Paris 06, LOCEAN IPSL, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Li, Laurent Z. X.] Univ Paris 06, LMD IPSL, F-75252 Paris 05, France. RP Msadek, R (reprint author), Princeton Univ, GFDL NOAA, AOS Program, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM Rym.Msadek@noaa.gov RI Msadek, Rym/C-7752-2014; OI Msadek, Rym/0000-0003-0450-4815; Li, Laurent/0000-0002-3855-3976 FU European Community [GA212643]; Institut Universitaire de France FX The authors thank Christophe Cassou, Jerome Sirven, Isaac Held, Ying Li, and two anonymous reviewers for useful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. Computer resources were allocated by IDRIS, the computer center of the CNRS in Paris. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's 7th framework programme (FP7/2007-1013) under grant agreement No. GA212643 (THOR: "Thermohaline Overturning-at Risk", 2008-2012. Support to CF from the Institut Universitaire de France, is gratefully acknowledged. NR 73 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD APR PY 2011 VL 36 IS 7-8 BP 1255 EP 1276 DI 10.1007/s00382-010-0958-0 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 744PA UT WOS:000289105300003 ER PT J AU Speer, MS Leslie, LM Fierro, AO AF Speer, Milton Samuel Leslie, Lance M. Fierro, Alexandre O. TI Australian east coast rainfall decline related to large scale climate drivers SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Rainfall variability; Large scale; Climate drivers; East Australia ID HEMISPHERE ANNULAR MODE; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; INTERDECADAL CHANGES; DECADAL VARIABILITY; PART I; ENSO; DATASET; SUMMER; TRENDS AB Rainfall on the subtropical east coast of Australia has declined at up to 50 mm per decade since 1970. Wavelet analysis is used to investigate eight station and four station-averaged rainfall distributions along Australia's subtropical east coast with respect to the El Nio-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the inter-decadal Pacific oscillation (IPO) and the southern annular mode (SAM). The relationships are examined further using composite atmospheric circulation anomalies. Here we show that the greatest rainfall variability occurs in the 15-30 year periodicity of the 1948-1975 or 'cool' phase of the IPO when the subtropical ridge is located sufficiently poleward for anomalous moist onshore airflow to occur together with high ENSO rainfall variability and high, negative phase, SAM variability. Thus, the mid-latitude westerlies are located at their most equatorward position in the Australian region. This maximizes tropospheric interaction of warm, moist tropical air with enhanced local baroclinicity over the east coast, and hence rainfall. C1 [Speer, Milton Samuel] Univ New S Wales, Fac Sci, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Leslie, Lance M.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Leslie, Lance M.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Leslie, Lance M.] Curtin Univ, Australian Sustainable Dev Inst, Perth, WA, Australia. [Fierro, Alexandre O.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Speer, MS (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Fac Sci, Climate Change Res Ctr, Level 4,Matthews Bldg, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM milton.speer@unsw.edu.au RI Fierro, Alexandre/C-4733-2014 OI Fierro, Alexandre/0000-0002-4859-1255 FU Australian Academy of Science FX This work was financially supported through the Australian Academy of Science under the Scientific Visits to North America program. Wavelet software was provided by C. Torrence and G. Compo, and is available at URL: http://paos.colorado.edu/research/wavelets/. NR 42 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD APR PY 2011 VL 36 IS 7-8 BP 1419 EP 1429 DI 10.1007/s00382-009-0726-1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 744PA UT WOS:000289105300013 ER PT J AU Shin, SI Sardeshmukh, PD AF Shin, Sang-Ik Sardeshmukh, Prashant D. TI Critical influence of the pattern of Tropical Ocean warming on remote climate trends SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; INTERNAL VARIABILITY; GLOBAL ATMOSPHERE; SST ANOMALIES; SYSTEM MODEL; PART 1; SIMULATION; DROUGHT AB Evidence is presented that the recent trend patterns of surface air temperature and precipitation over the land masses surrounding the North Atlantic Ocean (North America, Greenland, Europe, and North Africa) have been strongly influenced by the warming pattern of the tropical oceans. The current generation of atmosphere-ocean coupled climate models with prescribed radiative forcing changes generally do not capture these regional trend patterns. On the other hand, even uncoupled atmospheric models without the prescribed radiative forcing changes, but with the observed oceanic warming specified only in the tropics, are more successful in this regard. The tropical oceanic warming pattern is poorly represented in the coupled simulations. Our analysis points to model error rather than unpredictable climate noise as a major cause of this discrepancy with respect to the observed trends. This tropical error needs to be reduced to increase confidence in regional climate change projections around the globe, and to formulate better societal responses to projected changes in high-impact phenomena such as droughts and wet spells. C1 [Shin, Sang-Ik; Sardeshmukh, Prashant D.] Univ Colorado, CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Shin, Sang-Ik; Sardeshmukh, Prashant D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Shin, SI (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM sangik.shin@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Climate Program Office FX We thank E. Schneider for his comments on an earlier version of manuscript that helped clarify the role of the tropical SST biases on remote trends in the coupled model simulations. The Max Planck Institute for Meteorology kindly provided the ECHAM5 code used in this study. Our own simulations were performed at the NOAA ESRL High Performance Computing Systems (HPCS) facility. This work was partly supported by NOAA's Climate Program Office. NR 66 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD APR PY 2011 VL 36 IS 7-8 BP 1577 EP 1591 DI 10.1007/s00382-009-0732-3 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 744PA UT WOS:000289105300023 ER PT J AU Lee, K Sabine, CL Tanhua, T Kim, TW Feely, RA Kim, HC AF Lee, Kitack Sabine, Christopher L. Tanhua, Toste Kim, Tae-Wook Feely, Richard A. Kim, Hyun-Cheol TI Roles of marginal seas in absorbing and storing fossil fuel CO2 SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID SOUTH CHINA SEA; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; ARCTIC-OCEAN; BLACK-SEA; INTERMEDIATE WATER; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH PACIFIC; CARBONATE CHEMISTRY AB We review data on the absorption of anthropogenic CO2 by Northern Hemisphere marginal seas (Arctic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, Sea of Okhotsk, and East/Japan Sea) and its transport to adjacent major basins, and consider the susceptibility to recent climatic change of key factors that influence CO2 uptake by these marginal seas. Dynamic overturning circulation is a common feature of these seas, and this effectively absorbs anthropogenic CO2 and transports it from the surface to the interior of the basins. Amongst these seas only the East/Japan Sea has no outflow of intermediate and deep water (containing anthropogenic CO2) to an adjacent major basin; the others are known to be significant sources of intermediate and deep water to the open ocean. Consequently, only the East/Japan Sea retains all the anthropogenic CO2 absorbed during the anthropocene. Investigations of the properties of the water column in these seas have revealed a consistent trend of waning water column ventilation over time, probably because of changes in local atmospheric forcing. This weakening ventilation has resulted in a decrease in transport of anthropogenic CO2 from the surface to the interior of the basins, and to the adjacent open ocean. Ongoing measurements of anthropogenic CO2, other gases and hydrographic parameters in these key marginal seas will provide information on changes in global oceanic CO2 uptake associated with the predicted increasing atmospheric CO2 and future global climate change. We also review the roles of other marginal seas with no active overturning circulation systems in absorbing and storing anthropogenic CO2. The absence of overturning circulation enables anthropogenic CO2 to penetrate only into shallow depths, resulting in less accumulation of anthropogenic CO2 in these basins. As a consequence of their proximity to populated continents, these marginal seas are particularly vulnerable to human-induced perturbations. Maintaining observation programs will make it possible to assess the effects of human-induced changes on the capacity of these seas to uptake and store anthropogenic CO2. C1 [Lee, Kitack; Kim, Tae-Wook] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Sabine, Christopher L.; Feely, Richard A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Tanhua, Toste] Univ Kiel, Leibniz Inst Meereswissensch, Kiel, Germany. [Kim, Hyun-Cheol] Korea Polar Res Inst, Inchon 406840, South Korea. RP Lee, K (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. EM ktl@postech.ac.kr RI Kim, Tae-Wook/E-9611-2011; Lee, Kitack/G-7184-2015 OI Kim, Tae-Wook/0000-0002-4236-0720; FU Korea National Research Foundation of Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [2005-0051075, 2009-0084756]; Korea Polar Research Institute [PG10030]; Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development [RACS_2010-1006]; NOAA's Office of Climate Observations FX The preparation of the manuscript was supported by Mid-career Researcher Program (No. 2005-0051075, 2009-0084756) funded by the Korea National Research Foundation of Ministry of Education, Science and Technology. Partial support was provided by the Korea Polar Research Institute through a study on the Arctic Environmental Characteristics (PG10030), the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under Grant RACS_2010-1006, and NOAA's Office of Climate Observations. This is PMEL publication number 3530. NR 124 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 45 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1754-5692 EI 1754-5706 J9 ENERG ENVIRON SCI JI Energy Environ. Sci. PD APR PY 2011 VL 4 IS 4 BP 1133 EP 1146 DI 10.1039/c0ee00663g PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 743EV UT WOS:000289001400004 ER PT J AU Duncan, MS Wrege, BM Parauka, FM Isely, JJ AF Duncan, M. S. Wrege, B. M. Parauka, F. M. Isely, J. J. TI Seasonal distribution of Gulf of Mexico sturgeon in the pensacola bay system, Florida SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Sturgeons CY OCT 25-30, 2009 CL Wuhan, PEOPLES R CHINA ID CHOCTAWHATCHEE RIVER SYSTEM; SUWANNEE RIVER; HABITAT USE; MIGRATION AB Temporal and spatial distributions of Gulf of Mexico (Gulf) sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi were assessed in the Pensacola bay system, Florida, using stationary ultrasonic telemetry. Fifty-eight Gulf sturgeon were tagged within the Escambia (n = 26), Yellow (n = 8), Blackwater (n = 12) and Choctawhatchee Rivers (n = 12) in June, July, September and October, 2005. Fifty-four Gulf sturgeon were detected at least once during the study. Migration of sturgeon occurred throughout the bay system in fall, to various winter habitats in the Gulf of Mexico and Santa Rosa Sound. In spring, tagged sturgeon migrated back through the bay system to summer habitats in rivers. Based on the duration and number of detections, Gulf sturgeon primarily used the upper portions of East and Escambia Bays as migration routes in and out of all rivers during spring and summer and inhabited the lower portion of Pensacola Bay for longer durations in fall and winter. Specific areas within the Pensacola bay system were used in summer and winter that were not previously documented as essential sturgeon habitat. Areas in southeastern Pensacola Bay were heavily used during winter by a large portion of the population. Gulf sturgeon also exhibited long-term winter residency in Santa Rosa Sound for two consecutive years. An area in northeastern Escambia Bay supported Gulf sturgeon during the summer, which was unexpected and can not be explained by the data from this study. However, the discovery that Gulf sturgeon remain in the bay during the summer has important ecological and management implications that need further investigation. C1 [Duncan, M. S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. [Wrege, B. M.] Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC USA. [Parauka, F. M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Panama City, FL USA. [Isely, J. J.] Clemson Univ, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Clemson, SC USA. RP Duncan, MS (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. EM michelle.duncan@noaa.gov RI Wei, Qiwei/B-6928-2014 OI Wei, Qiwei/0000-0002-6366-1020 FU National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Office of Protected Resources; NMFS Panama City Laboratory; United States Fish and Wildlife Service Panama City field office FX Funding was provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Office of Protected Resources, NMFS Panama City Laboratory and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service Panama City field office. We would like to thank Dr. Stephania Bolden for providing funding and support for this project. This project would not have been possible without the help of Lisa Hollensead and Lynne Gray. Dive support was provided by J. Brusher, J. Carlson, A. David, D. DeVries, C. Gardner and S. Matthews and field and laboratory assistance was provided by B. Jarvis, G. Landry, B. Sawyer, J. Deppen, A. Lemons, M. Witton, D. Figueroa, C. Berry, M. Ribera, D. Bethea, J. Hamm and C. Williams. We also thank Mike Nunley and Rick Combs of Eglin Air Force Base Natural Resource Section for receiver and transmitter range tests. Cooperating agencies of the South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit include the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Clemson University and the Wildlife Management Institute. Constructive reviews were provided by Dr. Pete Sheridan, Guy Davenport, Dr. Alex Chester and three anonymous reviewers. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0175-8659 EI 1439-0426 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 27 IS 2 BP 316 EP 321 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01724.x PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 741LG UT WOS:000288864600025 ER PT J AU Wrege, BM Duncan, MS Isely, JJ AF Wrege, B. M. Duncan, M. S. Isely, J. J. TI Diel activity of Gulf of Mexico sturgeon in a northwest Florida bay SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Sturgeons CY OCT 25-30, 2009 CL Wuhan, PEOPLES R CHINA ID CHOCTAWHATCHEE RIVER SYSTEM; WHITE STURGEON; SUWANNEE RIVER; COLUMBIA RIVER; HABITAT USE; MIGRATION; MOVEMENTS; ARRAY AB In this paper, we assess patterns in activity of Gulf of Mexico sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi over a 24-h period in the Pensacola bay system, Florida. Although seasonal migration of sturgeon is well documented, little information is available pertaining to daily variation in activity. We surgically implanted 58 Gulf sturgeon with acoustic transmitters in the Escambia (n = 26), Yellow (n = 8), Blackwater (n = 12) and Choctawhatchee rivers (n = 12) in June, July, September and October 2005. Gulf sturgeon location was monitored using an array of 56 fixed-station acoustic receivers. The relationship between frequency of Gulf sturgeon observations recorded on all acoustic receivers and time of day for all seasons combined indicated a strong diel activity pattern. Gulf sturgeon were frequently detected at night in all seasons with the exception of summer. Consecutive hourly observations indicated lateral movement of Gulf sturgeon between independent acoustic receivers on 15% of all observations of individuals. The use of an acoustic receiver array not only provides continuous data within a defined area, but also provides insight into nocturnal behavior of Gulf sturgeon not previously identified. C1 [Duncan, M. S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. [Wrege, B. M.] Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC USA. [Isely, J. J.] Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC USA. RP Duncan, MS (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. EM michelle.duncan@noaa.gov RI Wei, Qiwei/B-6928-2014 OI Wei, Qiwei/0000-0002-6366-1020 FU National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Office of Protected Resources, NMFS Panama City Laboratory; United States Fish and Wildlife Service Panama City field office FX Funding was provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Office of Protected Resources, NMFS Panama City Laboratory and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service Panama City field office. We would like to thank Dr. Stephania Bolden for providing funding and support for this project. This project would not have been possible without the help of Frank Parauka, Lisa Hollensead and Lynne Gray. Dive support was provided by John Brusher, John Carlson, Andy David, Doug DeVries, Chris Gardner and Steve Matthews and field and laboratory assistance was provided by Bob Jarvis, Greg Landry, Bo Sawyer, Joe Deppen, Alisha Lemons, Megan Witton, Debbie Figueroa, Chris Berry, Marta Ribera, Dana Bethea, Janice Hamm and Consuela Williams. We also thank Mike Nunley and Rick Combs of Eglin Air Force Base Natural Resource Section for receiver and transmitter range tests. Cooperating agencies of the South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit include the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Clemson University and the Wildlife Management Institute. Constructive reviews were provided by Dr. Pete Sheridan, Guy Davenport and three anonymous reviewers. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0175-8659 EI 1439-0426 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 27 IS 2 BP 322 EP 326 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01641.x PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 741LG UT WOS:000288864600026 ER PT J AU Parauka, FM Duncan, MS Lang, PA AF Parauka, F. M. Duncan, M. S. Lang, P. A. TI Winter coastal movement of Gulf of Mexico sturgeon throughout northwest Florida and southeast Alabama SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Sturgeons CY OCT 25-30, 2009 CL Wuhan, PEOPLES R CHINA ID ACIPENSER-OXYRINCHUS-DESOTOI; CHOCTAWHATCHEE RIVER SYSTEM; HABITAT USE; SUWANNEE RIVER; MARINE MIGRATION; GREEN STURGEON; ESTUARINE AB In order to characterize distribution of Gulf of Mexico sturgeon in nearshore Gulf of Mexico (GOM) and compare distributions prior to and after hurricane activity, 187 Gulf sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) were tagged with acoustic transmitters in Ochlockonee, Apalachicola, Brothers, Choctawhatchee, Yellow, Blackwater and Escambia rivers to monitor marine movement along the GOM coastline from Florida (FL) to Alabama (AL). Nine juveniles (79-86 cm fork length, 3.4-5.2 kg), 22 sub-adults (91-126 cm fork length, 4.5-17.1 kg) and 156 adults (130-210 cm fork length, 14.9-75.2 kg) were tagged between 2003 and 2005 and acoustically monitored each year between January and April, 2004-2008. Of the 187 tagged Gulf sturgeon, 72 adults, one sub-adult and no juveniles were relocated in the GOM throughout the entire duration of monitoring between 2004 and 2008. Fish were relocated on average 1.5 km from shore in two very important foraging and over wintering areas, one of which is not currently protected under the critical habitat designation: Site A located geographically between Pensacola, FL and Gulf Shores, AL and Site B located between Mexico Beach, FL and Panama City Beach, FL. Sediment studies conducted concluded that substrate at Site A consisted of fine sand, shell and areas of silty mud and substrate at Site B consisted of shell hash and fine sand. Macro invertebrates, such as polychaetes: Hobsonia florida and Mediomastus ambiseta and mollusk: Ervillia concentric, all typical to the Gulf sturgeon diet, were present at both sites. Forty-three tagged adult Gulf sturgeon were relocated at Site A and 27 adults and one sub-adult were relocated at Site B, with two additional fish located in other areas. Individual fish movement in one direction ranged from 10 to 315 km each year. Several fish exited one river, over wintered in the GOM, and entered a different river. Identification of new, frequently used Gulf sturgeon habitat (Site A), outside of federally protected critical habitat, provided vital information that will aid in the future protection of coastal areas that support Gulf sturgeon during the winter and help with recovery efforts of the species. C1 [Parauka, F. M.; Lang, P. A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. [Duncan, M. S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City, FL USA. RP Parauka, FM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. EM Frank_Parauka@fws.gov RI Wei, Qiwei/B-6928-2014 OI Wei, Qiwei/0000-0002-6366-1020 FU National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Office of Protected Resources, NMFS Panama City Laboratory, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and Eglin Air Force Base Natural Resources Division; NMFS Office of Protected Resources FX Funding was provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Office of Protected Resources, NMFS Panama City Laboratory, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and Eglin Air Force Base Natural Resources Division. We would like to thank Dr. Stephania Bolden from the NMFS Office of Protected Resources, for providing support for this project. This project would not have been possible without the help of field and office personnel from all agencies. NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0175-8659 EI 1439-0426 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 27 IS 2 BP 343 EP 350 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01671.x PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 741LG UT WOS:000288864600029 ER PT J AU Thacker, CE Thompson, AR Roje, DM AF Thacker, Christine E. Thompson, Andrew R. Roje, Dawn M. TI Phylogeny and evolution of Indo-Pacific shrimp-associated gobies (Gobiiformes: Gobiidae) SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Mutualism; Symbiosis; Evolution; Mahidolia; Amblyeleotris; Cryptocentrus ID MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; DEMOGRAPHICALLY OPEN; GENUS CTENOGOBIOPS; GOBY; TELEOSTEI; MUTUALISM; ECOLOGY; FISHES; PERCIFORMES; POLLINATION AB Despite the ubiquity of obligate mutualisms on coral reef ecosystems, little is known about the evolution of many participating species. The shrimp gobies, known primarily from the coral reef habitats of the Indo-Pacific, are small benthic fishes that participate in a remarkable mutualism with alpheid shrimp. In this mutualism, the shrimp build and maintain a burrow that is guarded by the goby, and the shrimp and goby engage in an intricate tactile communication system. The mutualism is obligate for most shrimp gobies as participating species are highly vulnerable to predation when separated from a shrimp partner. We use phylogenetic analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequence data to infer evolutionary relationships among shrimp gobies, and between shrimp gobies and their non-mutualistic gobiid relatives. We show that the mutualist shrimp association has arisen twice among gobies, once in a clade composed of Amblyeleotris, Ctenogobiops, and Vanderhorstia, and a second time in a clade including Cryptocentrus, Mahidolia, Tomiamichthys and Stonogobiops. We then compare the evolution of traits within each shrimp goby clade and consider their intrarelationships. We document cryptic diversity among shrimp gobies, with three distinct clades delineated among Mahidolia mysticina specimens captured at the same locality, paired with the same shrimp species. Mahidolia is placed as sister to the Cryptocentrus species Cryptocentrus cinctus; both exhibit pronounced dichromatism, occurring in both brown and yellow (xanthic) forms. We additionally clarify species identities within Amblyeleotris, confirming that widespread similar species Amblyeleotris fasciata, Amblyeleotris steinitzi and Amblyeleotris wheeleri are all distinct. We hypothesize that the flexibility of gobiid gobies and alpheid shrimp to interact with mutualist partners, as well as the apparently highly beneficial nature of mutualism between them, has contributed to the dual evolution of shrimp-association among Indo-Pacific gobies. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Thacker, Christine E.; Roje, Dawn M.] Nat Hist Museum Los Angeles Cty, Sect Vertebrates Ichthyol, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. [Thompson, Andrew R.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Thacker, CE (reprint author), Nat Hist Museum Los Angeles Cty, Sect Vertebrates Ichthyol, 900 Exposit Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. EM thacker@nhm.org; andrew2112@yahoo.com; droje@amnh.org FU W.M. Keck foundation; R.M. Parsons foundation FX This work was supported by grants from the W.M. Keck and R.M. Parsons foundations in support of the program in Molecular Systematics and Evolution at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. We are grateful to D. Geiger, T.C. Adam, J.P. Chen, M. Jeng, J.S. White, B. Wolcott and to the staff of the Mahonia Na Dari Research Institute of Kimbe Bay, Papua New Guinea, for their support and assistance with fieldwork and collections. NR 62 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 6 U2 35 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 EI 1095-9513 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 59 IS 1 BP 168 EP 176 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.02.007 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 743LY UT WOS:000289021000015 PM 21315161 ER PT J AU Newbury, NR AF Newbury, Nathan R. TI Searching for applications with a fine-tooth comb SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL FREQUENCY COMB; NOBEL LECTURE; SPECTROSCOPY; RANGE C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Newbury, NR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM nathan.newbury@nist.gov NR 29 TC 138 Z9 141 U1 5 U2 49 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD APR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 4 BP 186 EP 188 PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 742ZS UT WOS:000288984900002 ER PT J AU Porto, JV AF Porto, J. V. TI OPTICAL LATTICES More than a look SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT News Item ID ATOMIC MOTT INSULATOR; SINGLE ATOMS; TRAP C1 [Porto, J. V.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Porto, J. V.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Porto, JV (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM trey@NIST.gov NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 EI 1745-2481 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD APR PY 2011 VL 7 IS 4 BP 280 EP 281 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 744DZ UT WOS:000289076000005 ER PT J AU Da Silva, SM Filliben, JJ Morrow, JB AF Da Silva, Sandra M. Filliben, James J. Morrow, Jayne B. TI Parameters Affecting Spore Recovery from Wipes Used in Biological Surface Sampling SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS SPORES; FOOD-CONTACT SURFACES; NONPOROUS SURFACES; BACTERIAL ADHESION; BIOFILM FORMATION; WETTING BEHAVIOR; POLYMER SURFACES; RINSE TECHNIQUE; IONIC-STRENGTH; SOLID-SURFACES AB The need for the precise and reliable collection of potential biothreat contaminants has motivated research in developing a better understanding of the variability in biological surface sampling methods. In this context, the objective of this work was to determine parameters affecting the efficiency of extracting Bacillus anthracis Sterne spores from commonly used wipe sampling materials and to describe performance using the interfacial energy concept. In addition, surface thermodynamics was applied to understand and predict surface sampling performance. Wipe materials were directly inoculated with known concentrations of B. anthracis spores and placed into extraction solutions, followed by sonication or vortexing. Experimental factors investigated included wipe material (polyester, cotton, and polyester-rayon), extraction solution (sterile deionized water [H(2)O], deionized water with 0.04% Tween 80 [H(2)O-T], phosphate-buffered saline [PBS], and PBS with 0.04% Tween 80 [PBST]), and physical dissociation method (vortexing or sonication). The most efficient extraction from wipes was observed for solutions containing the nonionic surfactant Tween 80. The increase in extraction efficiency due to surfactant addition was attributed to an attractive interfacial energy between Tween 80 and the centrifuge tube wall, which prevented spore adhesion. Extraction solution significantly impacted the extraction efficiency, as determined by statistical analysis (P < 0.05). Moreover, the extraction solution was the most important factor in extraction performance, followed by the wipe material. Polyester-rayon was the most efficient wipe material for releasing spores into solution by rank; however, no statistically significant difference between polyester-rayon and cotton was observed (P > 0.05). Vortexing provided higher spore recovery in H(2)O and H(2)O-T than sonication, when all three wipe materials and the reference control were considered (P < 0.05). C1 [Da Silva, Sandra M.; Morrow, Jayne B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Chem Sci Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Filliben, James J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Da Silva, SM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Chem Sci Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8312, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sdasilva@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) [HSHQDC-09-X-00457] FX The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate sponsored the production of this material under Interagency Agreement HSHQDC-09-X-00457 with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NR 53 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 77 IS 7 BP 2374 EP 2380 DI 10.1128/AEM.01932-10 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 741HT UT WOS:000288855500023 PM 21296945 ER PT J AU Madenjian, CP Stapanian, MA Witzel, LD Einhouse, DW Pothoven, SA Whitford, HL AF Madenjian, Charles P. Stapanian, Martin A. Witzel, Larry D. Einhouse, Donald W. Pothoven, Steven A. Whitford, Heather L. TI Evidence for predatory control of the invasive round goby SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Bioenergetics modeling; Bottom trawl surveys; Burbot Lota lota; Invasive species; Predatory control; Round goby Neogobius melanostomus ID LOTA-LOTA POPULATION; WESTERN LAKE ERIE; NEOGOBIUS-MELANOSTOMUS; BIOENERGETICS MODEL; PREY CONSUMPTION; GREAT-LAKES; BURBOT; MICHIGAN; FISHES; GROWTH AB We coupled bioenergetics modeling with bottom trawl survey results to evaluate the capacity of piscivorous fish in eastern Lake Erie to exert predatory control of the invading population of round goby Neogobius melanostomus. In the offshore (> 20 m deep) waters of eastern Lake Erie, burbot Lota lota is a native top predator, feeding on a suite of prey fishes. The round goby invaded eastern Lake Erie during the late 1990s, and round goby population size increased dramatically during 1999-2004. According to annual bottom trawl survey results, round goby abundance in offshore waters peaked in 2004, but then declined during 2004-2008. Coincidentally, round goby became an important component of burbot diet beginning in 2003. Using bottom trawling and gill netting, we estimated adult burbot abundance and age structure in eastern Lake Erie during 2007. Diet composition and energy density of eastern Lake Erie burbot were also determined during 2007. This information, along with estimates of burbot growth, burbot mortality, burbot water temperature regime, and energy densities of prey fish from the literature, were incorporated into a bioenergetics model application to estimate annual consumption of round goby by the adult burbot population. Results indicated that the adult burbot population in eastern Lake Erie annually consumed 1,361 metric tons of round goby. Based on the results of bottom trawling, we estimated the biomass of yearling and older round goby in offshore waters eastern Lake Erie during 2007-2008 to be 2,232 metric tons. Thus, the adult burbot population was feeding on round goby at an annual rate equal to 61% of the estimated round goby standing stock. We concluded that the burbot population had high potential to exert predatory control on round goby in offshore waters of eastern Lake Erie. C1 [Madenjian, Charles P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Stapanian, Martin A.] US Geol Survey, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Witzel, Larry D.; Whitford, Heather L.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Port Dover, ON N0A 1N0, Canada. [Einhouse, Donald W.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Dunkirk, NY 14048 USA. [Pothoven, Steven A.] Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM cmadenjian@usgs.gov OI Stapanian, Martin/0000-0001-8173-4273; Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422 FU Lake Erie Coldwater Task Group FX This study would not have been possible without the support of the Lake Erie Coldwater Task Group, including A. Cook, J. Fitzsimons, J. Francis, K. Kayle, T. MacDougall, J. Markham, C. Murray, F. Neave, J. Slade, and E. Trometer. We thank the technicians and crew of the USGS R/V Musky II and the OMNR R/V Erie Explorer. D. Benion, D. Greenwood, K. Oldenburg, J. Holuszko, R. Stickel, and G. Ives provided technical assistance. P. Kocovsky, J. Savino, and D. Yule reviewed earlier versions of this manuscript. This article is Contribution 1613 of the U. S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. NR 66 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 7 U2 55 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD APR PY 2011 VL 13 IS 4 BP 987 EP 1002 DI 10.1007/s10530-010-9884-7 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 735VK UT WOS:000288448400016 ER PT J AU Le Brun, AP Holt, SA Shah, DSH Majkrzak, CF Lakey, JH AF Le Brun, Anton P. Holt, Stephen A. Shah, Deepan S. H. Majkrzak, Charles F. Lakey, Jeremy H. TI The structural orientation of antibody layers bound to engineered biosensor surfaces SO BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Magnetism; Protein; Surface analysis; Surface modification; Gold; Immunochemistry ID STAPHYLOCOCCAL PROTEIN-A; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; BILAYER-LIPID MEMBRANES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; NEUTRON REFLECTIVITY; TRANSMEMBRANE DOMAIN; ANTIGEN-BINDING; ADSORPTION; RESOLUTION AB This paper describes a membrane protein array that binds immunoglobulin G at its constant regions whilst leaving the variable regions free to bind antigen. The scaffold of the array is the transmembrane domain of outer membrane protein A (tOmpA) from Escherichia colt engineered to assemble as an oriented monolayer on gold surfaces via a single cysteine residue. Other protein domains can be fused to the N and C termini of the scaffold. In this study we use circularly permuted ctOmpA fused to two Z domains of Staphylococcus aureus protein A (ZZctOmpA) to create the immunoglobulin G-binding array. The solution structure of the engineered proteins was assessed by circular dichroism spectroscopy. Assembly of the array, attachment of antibodies and antigen binding were measured using surface plasmon resonance and neutron reflection. Compared to mouse IgG2, polyclonal IgG from rabbit bound very strongly to ZZctOmpA and the dissociation of the immunoglobulin was slow enough to allow neutron reflection studies of the assembled layer with antigen. Using both magnetic and isotopic contrasts a complete layer by layer model was defined which revealed that the 223 A high layer contains antibodies in an upright orientation. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Le Brun, Anton P.; Lakey, Jeremy H.] Newcastle Univ, Sch Med, Inst Cell & Mol Biosci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, Tyne & Wear, England. [Holt, Stephen A.] STFC Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Neutron Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Shah, Deepan S. H.] Orla Prot Technol Ltd, Biosci Ctr, Int Ctr Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4EP, Tyne & Wear, England. [Majkrzak, Charles F.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lakey, JH (reprint author), Newcastle Univ, Sch Med, Inst Cell & Mol Biosci, Framlington Pl, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, Tyne & Wear, England. EM j.h.lakey@ncl.ac.uk RI Le Brun, Anton/A-2604-2010; Holt, Stephen/E-4662-2011 OI Le Brun, Anton/0000-0003-2431-6985; FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Orla Protein Technologies Ltd; ISIS Neutron Facility; NIST Centre for Neutron Research FX The authors would like to thank the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, the Science and Technology Facilities Council and Orla Protein Technologies Ltd for funding. We thank ISIS Neutron Facility and NIST Centre for Neutron Research for the award of beam time. The identification of any commercial product or trade name does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute for Standards and Technology. NR 50 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9612 J9 BIOMATERIALS JI Biomaterials PD APR PY 2011 VL 32 IS 12 BP 3303 EP 3311 DI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.01.026 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 738GZ UT WOS:000288629600014 PM 21306769 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, V AF Srinivasan, Vijay TI An Engineer grapples with sustainable manufacturing SO CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Srinivasan, V (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vsrini@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1618-954X J9 CLEAN TECHNOL ENVIR JI Clean Technol. Environ. Policy PD APR PY 2011 VL 13 IS 2 BP 217 EP 219 DI 10.1007/s10098-011-0350-8 PG 3 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 737DQ UT WOS:000288549400002 ER PT J AU Cantu-Medellin, N Byrd, B Hohn, A Vazquez-Medina, JP Zenteno-Savin, T AF Cantu-Medellin, Nadiezhda Byrd, Barbie Hohn, Aleta Pablo Vazquez-Medina, Jose Zenteno-Savin, Tania TI Differential antioxidant protection in tissues from marine mammals with distinct diving capacities. Shallow/short vs. deep/long divers SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Antioxidants; Diving response; Ischemia/reperfusion; Odontocetes ID RINGED SEAL TISSUES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; DEFENSES; CELL; ISCHEMIA/REPERFUSION; ADAPTATIONS; SUPEROXIDE; MECHANISMS; RADICALS; ASSAYS AB The diving response in marine mammals results in bradycardia and peripheral vasoconstriction, with blood flow redistributing preferentially to nervous and cardiac tissues. Therefore, some tissues are rendered ischemic during a dive; with the first breath after a dive, blood flow to all tissues is reestablished. In terrestrial mammals, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production increases in response to ischemia/reperfusion and oxidative damage can occur. The capacity of marine mammals to tolerate repeated ischemia/reperfusion cycles associated with diving appears to be due to an enhanced antioxidant system. However, it is not known if diving depth and/or duration elicit differences in tissue capacity to produce ROS and antioxidant defenses in marine mammals. The objective of this study was to analyze ROS production, antioxidant defenses and oxidative damage in marine mammal species that perform shallow/short vs. deep/long dives. We measured production of superoxide radical (O(2)(center dot-)), oxidative damage to lipids and proteins, activity of antioxidant enzymes, and glutathione levels in tissues from shallow/short divers (Tursiops truncatus) and deep/long divers (Kogia spp.). We found that differences between the diving capacity of dolphins and Kogia spp. are reflected in (O(2)(center dot-)) production and antioxidant levels. These differences suggest that shallow/short and deep/long divers have distinct mechanisms to successfully maintain redox balance. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Zenteno-Savin, Tania] Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, SC, Programa Planeac Ambiental & Conservac, La Paz 23090, Baja Calif Sur, Mexico. [Byrd, Barbie; Hohn, Aleta] NOAA Beaufort Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Protected Resources Branch, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Zenteno-Savin, T (reprint author), Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, SC, Programa Planeac Ambiental & Conservac, Mar Bermejo 195, La Paz 23090, Baja Calif Sur, Mexico. EM tzenteno04@cibnor.mx RI Hohn, Aleta/G-2888-2011 OI Hohn, Aleta/0000-0002-9992-7062 NR 53 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 158 IS 4 BP 438 EP 443 DI 10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.11.029 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA 738LG UT WOS:000288640700010 PM 21147244 ER PT J AU Ward, EJ Semmens, BX Holmes, EE Balcomb, KC AF Ward, Eric J. Semmens, Brice X. Holmes, Elizabeth E. Balcomb, Ken C., III TI Effects of Multiple Levels of Social Organization on Survival and Abundance SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hierarchical Bayesian; killer whale; model selection; population dynamics; random effects; social organization; ballena asesina; Bayesiano jerarquico; dinamica poblacional; efectos aleatorios; organizacion social; seleccion de modelos ID WHALES ORCINUS-ORCA; RESIDENT KILLER WHALES; VIABILITY ANALYSIS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PREY ABUNDANCE; MODEL; POPULATIONS; COMPLEXITY; BAYES AB Identifying how social organization shapes individual behavior, survival, and fecundity of animals that live in groups can inform conservation efforts and improve forecasts of population abundance, even when the mechanism responsible for group-level differences is unknown. We constructed a hierarchical Bayesian model to quantify the relative variability in survival rates among different levels of social organization (matrilines and pods) of an endangered population of killer whales (Orcinus orca). Individual killer whales often participate in group activities such as prey sharing and cooperative hunting. The estimated age-specific survival probabilities and survivorship curves differed considerably among pods and to a lesser extent among matrilines (within pods). Across all pods, males had lower life expectancy than females. Differences in survival between pods may be caused by a combination of factors that vary across the population's range, including reduced prey availability, contaminants in prey, and human activity. Our modeling approach could be applied to demographic rates for other species and for parameters other than survival, including reproduction, prey selection, movement, and detection probabilities. C1 [Ward, Eric J.; Semmens, Brice X.; Holmes, Elizabeth E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Balcomb, Ken C., III] Ctr Whale Res, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. RP Ward, EJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM eric.ward@noaa.gov FU National Research Council FX The contribution of E.J.W. and B.X.S. was supported by a fellowship provided by the National Research Council. We thank K. Marshall and M. Ford for comments on a previous draft. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 60 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 25 IS 2 BP 350 EP 355 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01600.x PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 735ZT UT WOS:000288460000019 PM 21054527 ER PT J AU Vollmer, NL Viricel, A Wilcox, L Moore, MK Rosel, PE AF Vollmer, Nicole L. Viricel, Amelia Wilcox, Lynsey Moore, M. Katherine Rosel, Patricia E. TI The occurrence of mtDNA heteroplasmy in multiple cetacean species SO CURRENT GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Cetaceans; Control region; Heteroplasmy; Mitochondrial DNA; Phylogenetics ID ANIMAL MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; PORPOISE PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; GULF-OF-MEXICO; CONTROL REGION; NORTH-ATLANTIC; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; CONCERTED EVOLUTION; SEQUENCE VARIATION; RAPID SEGREGATION; DELPHINUS-DELPHIS AB In population genetics and phylogenetic studies, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is commonly used for examining differences both between and within groups of individuals. For these studies, correct interpretation of every nucleotide position is crucial but can be complicated by the presence of ambiguous bases resulting from heteroplasmy. Particularly for non-model taxa, the presence of heteroplasmy in mtDNA is rarely reported, therefore, it is unclear how commonly it occurs and how it can affect phylogenetic relationships among taxa and the overall understanding of evolutionary processes. We examined the occurrence of both site and length heteroplasmy within the mtDNA of ten marine mammal species, for most of which mtDNA heteroplasmy has never been reported. After sequencing a portion of the mtDNA control region for 5,062 individuals, we found heteroplasmy in at least 2% of individuals from seven species, including Stenella frontalis where 58.9% were heteroplasmic. We verified the presence of true heteroplasmy, ruling out artifacts from amplification and sequencing methods and the presence of nuclear copies of mitochondrial genes. We found no evidence that mtDNA heteroplasmy influenced phylogenetic relationships, however, its occurrence does have the potential to increase the genetic diversity for all species in which it is found. This study stresses the importance of both detecting and reporting the occurrence of heteroplasmy in wild populations in order to enhance the knowledge of both the introduction and the persistence of mutant mitochondrial haplotypes in the evolutionary process. C1 [Vollmer, Nicole L.; Viricel, Amelia] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Vollmer, Nicole L.; Viricel, Amelia; Wilcox, Lynsey; Rosel, Patricia E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Moore, M. Katherine] Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Forens Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Vollmer, NL (reprint author), Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, POB 42451,300 E St Mary Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. EM nicole.vollmer@noaa.gov NR 82 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0172-8083 EI 1432-0983 J9 CURR GENET JI Curr. Genet. PD APR PY 2011 VL 57 IS 2 BP 115 EP 131 DI 10.1007/s00294-010-0331-1 PG 17 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 736RK UT WOS:000288511600004 PM 21234756 ER PT J AU Kneifel, J AF Kneifel, Joshua TI Beyond the code: Energy, carbon, and cost savings using conventional technologies SO ENERGY AND BUILDINGS LA English DT Article DE Carbon footprint; Energy efficiency; Integrated building design; Life-cycle assessment; Life-cycle costing AB As states in the U.S. adopt new energy codes, it is important to understand the benefits for each state and its building owners. This paper estimates life-cycle energy savings, carbon emission reduction, and cost-effectiveness of conventional energy efficiency measures in new commercial buildings using an integrated design approach. Results are based on 8208 energy simulations for 12 prototypical buildings in 228 cities, with 3 building designs evaluated for each building-location combination. Results are represented by easy-to-understand mappings that allow for regional and state comparisons. The results show that the use of conventional energy efficiency technologies in an integrated design framework can decrease energy use by 15-20% on average in new commercial buildings, and over 35% for some building types and locations. These energy reductions can often be accomplished at negative incremental life-cycle costs and reduce a building's energy-related carbon footprint by 9-33%. However, generalizing these results on energy use, life-cycle costs, and carbon emissions misses exceptions in the results that show the importance of location-specific characteristics. Also, states do not appear to base energy code adoption decisions on either potential energy savings or life-cycle cost savings. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NIST, Appl Econ Off, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kneifel, J (reprint author), NIST, Appl Econ Off, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8603, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joshua.kneifel@nist.gov FU NIST Building; Fire Research Laboratory FX Thanks are due to the NIST Building and Fire Research Laboratory for supporting this work. The author thanks Nick Long and the other EnergyPlus team members that created the 8208 EnergyPlus simulation files used in this paper. The author thanks Nathaniel Soares for his contributions in data compilation as well as Barbara Lippiatt, Robert Chapman, David Butry, and Bill Healy for their constructive comments and recommendations. Any mistakes in this paper are the author's sole responsibility. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7788 J9 ENERG BUILDINGS JI Energy Build. PD APR PY 2011 VL 43 IS 4 BP 951 EP 959 DI 10.1016/j.enbuild.2010.12.019 PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 737UB UT WOS:000288592600022 ER PT J AU Karbou, F Weng, FZ French, A AF Karbou, Fatima Weng, Fuzhong French, Andrew TI Foreword to the Special Issue on Remote Sensing and Modeling of Surface Properties SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Karbou, Fatima] Meteo France, CNRM GAME, F-31057 Toulouse 1, France. [Karbou, Fatima] CNRS, F-31057 Toulouse 1, France. [Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res Satellite, Meteorol & Climatol Div, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [French, Andrew] ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. RP Karbou, F (reprint author), Meteo France, CNRM GAME, F-31057 Toulouse 1, France. RI Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD APR PY 2011 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1175 EP 1176 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2127270 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 740AC UT WOS:000288762900001 ER PT J AU Liu, QH Weng, FZ English, SJ AF Liu, Quanhua Weng, Fuzhong English, Stephen J. TI An Improved Fast Microwave Water Emissivity Model SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Remote Sensing and Modeling of Surface Properties CY JUN 09-11, 2009 CL Toulouse, FRANCE DE Microwave sensor; remote sensing; surface wave ID SEA-SURFACE; DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT; PERMITTIVITY MEASUREMENTS; BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE; FREQUENCIES; SEAWATER; FOAM; SCATTERING; RETRIEVAL; SPECTRUM AB Satellite measurements from microwave instruments have made a significant contribution to the skill of numerical weather forecasting, on both global and regional scales. A FAST microwave Emissivity Model (FASTEM), which was developed by the Met Office, U. K., has been widely utilized to compute the surface emitted radiation in forward calculations. However, the FASTEM model was developed for frequencies in the range of 20-60 GHz, and it is biased at higher and lower frequencies. Several critical components such as variable sea surface salinity and full Stokes vector have not been generally taken into account. In this paper, the effects of the permittivity models are investigated, and a new permittivity model is generated by using the measurements for fresh and salt water at frequencies between 1.4 and 410 GHz. A modified sea surface roughness model from Durden and Vesecky is applied to the detailed two-scale surface emissivity calculations. This ocean emissivity model at microwave is now being used in the Community Radiative Transfer Model, and it has resulted in some major improvements in microwave radiance simulations. This paper is a joint effort of the Met Office, U. K., and the Joint Center for the Satellite Data Assimilation, U. S. The model is called as FASTEM-4 in the Radiative Transfer for TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder model. C1 [Liu, Quanhua] Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Liu, Quanhua] Perot Syst Govt Serv, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. [Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [English, Stephen J.] Met Off, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. RP Liu, QH (reprint author), Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Quanhua.Liu@noaa.gov RI Liu, Quanhua/B-6608-2008; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Liu, Quanhua/0000-0002-3616-351X; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 NR 46 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 15 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD APR PY 2011 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1238 EP 1250 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2010.2064779 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 740AC UT WOS:000288762900007 ER PT J AU Yan, BH Weng, FZ AF Yan, Banghua Weng, Fuzhong TI Effects of Microwave Desert Surface Emissivity on AMSU-A Data Assimilation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Remote Sensing and Modeling of Surface Properties CY JUN 09-11, 2009 CL Toulouse, FRANCE DE Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU)-A; data assimilation; desert emissivity ID ANALYSIS SYSTEM; LAND; MODEL; SATELLITE; SNOW AB A microwave land emissivity library has been developed from the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) data for improving satellite data assimilation. Over the desert, surface emissivity is classified according to soil type into several spectra. For sand, loamy sand, and sandy loam, which contain some large mineral particles, the emissivity spectra generally decrease with frequency. For other desert types whose compositions are dominated by mineral particles smaller than a few hundred micrometers, the emissivity values are almost constant or slightly increasing with frequency. These emissivity features are consistent with those from the land emissivity data set developed at Meteo-France. Moreover, both the emissivity library and the Meteo-France data set are applied to the assimilation of the AMSU-A data in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Global Forecast System (GFS). In comparison with the microwave land emissivity model previously developed by Weng et al., both the emissivity library and the Meteo-France data set improve the utilization of the AMSU-A data in the GFS. The increased use of the AMSU-A data through the emissivity library or the data set results in positive impacts on the global medium-range forecasts over either the Southern or Northern Hemispheres. C1 [Yan, Banghua] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Yan, BH (reprint author), NOAA, Off Satellite Data Proc & Distribut, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM banghua.yan@noaa.gov RI Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 NR 33 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD APR PY 2011 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1263 EP 1276 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2010.2091508 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 740AC UT WOS:000288762900009 ER PT J AU Ramachandran, S Wang, MH AF Ramachandran, Sathyadev Wang, Menghua TI Near-Real-Time Ocean Color Data Processing Using Ancillary Data From the Global Forecast System Model SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Ancillary data; ocean color products; operational data processing; remote sensing ID WATER-LEAVING RADIANCE; ATMOSPHERIC DIFFUSE TRANSMITTANCE; NATIONAL-METEOROLOGICAL-CENTER; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; CORRECTION ALGORITHM; MODIS MEASUREMENTS; SEAWIFS; SENSORS; EARTH; REFLECTANCE AB This paper investigates the improvements to the quality of ocean color data using an appropriate choice of ancillary data for National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) operational ocean color data processing, which requires routine ocean color product production in near real time. The ancillary data, such as the total column ozone amount, sea surface wind speed, atmospheric pressure, and total column water-vapor amount, are required for satellite ocean color data processing for deriving ocean color products, e. g., normalized water-leaving radiance spectra data, chlorophyll-a concentration, water diffuse attenuation coefficient, etc. Currently, NOAA's CoastWatch program uses the climatology ancillary data for the near-real-time ocean color data processing. Alternative ancillary data sets that can replace the climatology data for the near-real-time ocean color data processing have been investigated and studied. The studies were carried out from four selected NOAA CoastWatch regions covering the U. S. coastal and Hawaii regions and for four months (January, April, July, and October), representing the four seasons. Based on the evaluation results, we propose to use the ancillary data produced from the Global Forecast System (GFS) model for the NOAA operational ocean color data processing, as well as for any other near-real-time data processing that requires ancillary data inputs. The effects of using the GFS model data on the accuracy of the derived ocean color products are also investigated and discussed. C1 [Ramachandran, Sathyadev; Wang, Menghua] Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Ramachandran, Sathyadev] SP Syst Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Ramachandran, S (reprint author), Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Menghua.Wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX Manuscript received August 27, 2009; revised May 19, 2010 and July 1, 2010; accepted September 12, 2010. Date of publication October 28, 2010; date of current version March 25, 2011. This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration funding through the activities within the CoastWatch program (Paul DiGiacomo was the program manager during this work). The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 56 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD APR PY 2011 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1485 EP 1495 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2010.2078825 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 740AC UT WOS:000288762900026 ER PT J AU Wang, X Hanson, HA Ling, XS Majkrzak, CF Maranville, BB AF Wang, Xi Hanson, Helen A. Ling, Xinsheng Sean Majkrzak, Charles F. Maranville, Brian B. TI Three-dimensional spatially resolved neutron diffraction from a disordered vortex lattice SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE small-angle neutron scattering; vortex matter; disorder ID SUPERCONDUCTORS; NIOBIUM; SCATTERING; CRYSTAL; PHASE; GLASS; NB AB The vortex matter in bulk type II superconductors serves as a prototype system for studying the random pinning problem in condensed matter physics. Since the vortex lattice is embedded in an atomic lattice, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) is the only technique that allows for direct structural studies. In traditional SANS methods, the scattering intensity is a measure of the structure factor averaged over the entire sample. Recent studies in vortex physics have shown that it is highly desirable to develop a SANS technique that is capable of resolving the spatial inhomogeneities in the bulk vortex state. This article reports a novel slicing neutron diffraction technique using atypical collimation and an areal detector, which allows for observing the three-dimensional disorder of the vortex matter inside an as-grown Nb single crystal. C1 [Wang, Xi; Hanson, Helen A.; Ling, Xinsheng Sean] Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Majkrzak, Charles F.; Maranville, Brian B.] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ling, XS (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM xinsheng_ling@brown.edu RI Ling, Xinsheng/A-9219-2008 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-FG02-07 ER46458]; US Department of Commerce; Brown University FX This research is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, under grant No. DE-FG02-07 ER46458. NCNR is supported by the US Department of Commerce. We would like to acknowledge the efforts of William R. Clow and Julia Scherschligt of the NCNR in providing the highly specialized sample environment required to make these measurements. Programs from the reflpak suite were used for elements of the data reduction and analysis (Kienzle et al., 2006). XW and HAH would like to thank D. Hudek for providing access to his X-ray diffraction machine and acknowledge support from the Galkin Fund at Brown University. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD APR PY 2011 VL 44 BP 414 EP 417 DI 10.1107/S0021889811006790 PN 2 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 739YQ UT WOS:000288758500020 ER PT J AU Andreas, B Azuma, Y Bartl, G Becker, P Bettin, H Borys, M Busch, I Fuchs, P Fujii, K Fujimoto, H Kessler, E Krumrey, M Kuetgens, U Kuramoto, N Mana, G Massa, E Mizushima, S Nicolaus, A Picard, A Pramann, A Rienitz, O Schiel, D Valkiers, S Waseda, A Zakel, S AF Andreas, B. Azuma, Y. Bartl, G. Becker, P. Bettin, H. Borys, M. Busch, I. Fuchs, P. Fujii, K. Fujimoto, H. Kessler, E. Krumrey, M. Kuetgens, U. Kuramoto, N. Mana, G. Massa, E. Mizushima, S. Nicolaus, A. Picard, A. Pramann, A. Rienitz, O. Schiel, D. Valkiers, S. Waseda, A. Zakel, S. TI Counting the atoms in a Si-28 crystal for a new kilogram definition SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL CONSTANTS; CODATA RECOMMENDED VALUES; AVOGADRO CONSTANT; ELECTRONIC KILOGRAM; MASS; INTERFEROMETER; REDEFINITION; SCALE AB This paper concerns an international research project aimed at determining the Avogadro constant by counting the atoms in an isotopically enriched silicon crystal. The counting procedure was based on the measurement of the molar volume and the volume of an atom in two 1 kg crystal spheres. The novelty was the use of isotope dilution mass spectrometry as a new and very accurate method for the determination of the molar mass of enriched silicon. Because of an unexpected metallic contamination of the sphere surfaces, the relative measurement uncertainty, 3 x 10(-8) N-A, is larger by a factor 1.5 than that targeted. The measured value of the Avogadro constant, N-A = 6.022 140 82(18) x 10(23) mol(-1), is the most accurate input datum for the kilogram redefinition and differs by 16 x 10(-8) N-A from the CODATA 2006 adjusted value. This value is midway between the NIST and NPL watt-balance values. C1 [Andreas, B.; Bartl, G.; Becker, P.; Bettin, H.; Borys, M.; Busch, I.; Krumrey, M.; Kuetgens, U.; Nicolaus, A.; Pramann, A.; Rienitz, O.; Schiel, D.; Zakel, S.] PTB, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Azuma, Y.; Fujii, K.; Fujimoto, H.; Kuramoto, N.; Mizushima, S.; Waseda, A.] NMIJ, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058563, Japan. [Fuchs, P.] Bundesamt Metrol METAS, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland. [Kessler, E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mana, G.; Massa, E.] INRIM, I-10135 Turin, Italy. [Picard, A.] Bur Int Poids & Mesures, F-92312 Sevres, France. [Valkiers, S.] IRMM, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. RP Andreas, B (reprint author), PTB, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. EM peter.becker@ptb.de RI Krumrey, Michael/G-6295-2011; Massa, Enrico/J-2248-2015; Mana, Giovanni/G-9435-2013; Dr. Zakel, Sabine/B-1781-2016 OI Massa, Enrico/0000-0002-7764-3106; Mana, Giovanni/0000-0002-4109-7254; Dr. Zakel, Sabine/0000-0002-6244-4382 FU European Community [217257]; International Science and Technology Centre [2630] FX We wish to thank H-J Pohl for his outstanding encouragement, A K Kaliteevski and his colleagues at the Central Design Bureau of Machine Building and the Institute of Chemistry of High-Purity Substances for their dedicated work and the punctual delivering of the enriched material, H Riemann and his staff from the Institut fur Kristallzuchtung for the final crystal growth, our directors for their advice and generous financial support, and our colleagues for their daily work. This research received funds from the European Community's 7th Framework Programme ERA-NET Plus (grant 217257) and the International Science and Technology Centre (grant 2630). NR 54 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 26 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD APR PY 2011 VL 48 IS 2 BP S1 EP S13 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/48/2/S01 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 738PB UT WOS:000288652200002 ER PT J AU Massa, E Mana, G Ferroglio, L Kessler, EG Schiel, D Zakel, S AF Massa, E. Mana, G. Ferroglio, L. Kessler, E. G. Schiel, D. Zakel, S. TI The lattice parameter of the Si-28 spheres in the determination of the Avogadro constant SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID HIGHLY ENRICHED SI-28; THERMAL-EXPANSION; SILICON; CRYSTAL; INRIM AB The Avogadro constant has been determined by atom counting in two enriched Si-28 spheres. Atoms were counted by exploiting their ordered arrangement in the spheres and calculating the ratio between sphere and the unit-cell volumes. This paper describes how the values of the sphere lattice parameters and, consequently, their unit-cell volumes were obtained. C1 [Massa, E.; Mana, G.; Ferroglio, L.] INRIM, I-10135 Turin, Italy. [Kessler, E. G.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Schiel, D.; Zakel, S.] PTB, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. RP Massa, E (reprint author), INRIM, Str Cacce 91, I-10135 Turin, Italy. EM e.massa@inrim.it RI Massa, Enrico/J-2248-2015; Mana, Giovanni/G-9435-2013; Dr. Zakel, Sabine/B-1781-2016 OI Massa, Enrico/0000-0002-7764-3106; Mana, Giovanni/0000-0002-4109-7254; Dr. Zakel, Sabine/0000-0002-6244-4382 FU European Community [217257] FX This research received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme, ERA-NET Plus, under the iMERA-Plus Project-Grant Agreement No 217257. NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD APR PY 2011 VL 48 IS 2 BP S44 EP S49 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/48/2/S07 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 738PB UT WOS:000288652200008 ER PT J AU Lefman, J Scott, K Stranick, S AF Lefman, Jonathan Scott, Keana Stranick, Stephan TI Live, Video-Rate Super-Resolution Microscopy Using Structured Illumination and Rapid GPU-Based Parallel Processing SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE structured illumination; fluorescence microscopy; CUDA; GPU; real time; super-resolution ID LIMIT AB Structured illumination fluorescence microscopy is a powerful super-resolution method that is capable of achieving a resolution below 100 nm. Each super-resolution image is computationally constructed from a set of differentially illuminated images. However, real-time application of structured illumination microscopy (SIM) has generally been limited due to the computational overhead needed to generate super-resolution images. Here, we have developed a real-time SIM system that incorporates graphic processing unit (GPU) based in-line parallel processing of raw/differentially illuminated images. By using GPU processing, the system has achieved a 90-fold increase in processing speed compared to performing equivalent operations on a multiprocessor computer-the total throughput of the system is limited by data acquisition speed, but not by image processing. Overall, more than 350 raw images (16-bit depth, 512 x 512 pixels) can be processed per second, resulting in a maximum frame rate of 39 super-resolution images per second. This ultrafast processing capability is used to provide immediate feedback of super-resolution images for real-time display. These developments are increasing the potential for sophisticated super-resolution imaging applications. C1 [Lefman, Jonathan; Scott, Keana; Stranick, Stephan] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lefman, Jonathan] NCI, Oncogenom Sect, Pediat Oncol Branch, Adv Technol Ctr,NIH, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Stranick, S (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stranick@nist.gov RI Scott, Keana/J-5717-2015 FU National Research Council at NIST and NIH FX We thank Dr. Javed Khan [National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health (NIH)] for helpful discussions and support. We thank Tyler Dye [National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)] for designing the schematic presentation of the SIM system. This research was performed while Jonathan Lefman held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NIST and NIH. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 13 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 EI 1435-8115 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD APR PY 2011 VL 17 IS 2 BP 191 EP 196 DI 10.1017/S1431927611000158 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA 738BE UT WOS:000288613500005 PM 21385522 ER PT J AU Geronimo, CLA MacCuspie, RI AF Geronimo, Carly Lay A. MacCuspie, Robert I. TI Antibody-Mediated Self-Limiting Self-Assembly for Quantitative Analysis of Nanoparticle Surfaces by Atomic Force Microscopy SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE self-limiting self-assembly; nanoparticle surface characterization; immunostaining; atomic force microscopy (AFM); transmission electron microscopy (TEM) ID SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY; PLACE-EXCHANGE-REACTIONS; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; LIGAND-EXCHANGE; COLLOIDAL GOLD; NANOTUBES; SIZE; FUNCTIONALIZATION AB Quantification of very low density molecular coatings on large (60 nm) gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is demonstrated via the use of antibody-mediated self-limiting self-assembly of small and large AuNPs into raspberry-like structures subsequently imaged by atomic force microscopy (AFM). AFM imaging is proposed as an automated, lower-cost, higher-throughput alternative to immunostaining and imaging by transmission electron microscopy. Synthesis of large AuNPs, containing one of three ligand molecules in one of three stoichiometries (1, 2, or 10 ligands per AuNP), and small probe AuNPs with one of three antibody molecules in a one antibody per AuNP ratio, enabled a range of predicted self-limiting self-assembled structures. A model predicting the probability of observing a given small to large AuNP ratio based on a topography measurement such as AFM is described, in which random orientational deposition is assumed and which accounts for the stochastic synthesis method of the library AuNPs with varied ligand ratios. Experimental data were found to agree very well with the predictive models when using an established AFM sample preparation method that avoids drying-induced aggregation. C1 [Geronimo, Carly Lay A.; MacCuspie, Robert I.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Nanomech Properties Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP MacCuspie, RI (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Nanomech Properties Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM robert.maccuspie@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; OI MacCuspie, Robert/0000-0002-6618-6499 FU National Science Foundation, Division of Materials Research FX C.L.A.G. was supported in part by the National Science Foundation's Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) program, Division of Materials Research. The authors also acknowledge Julian Taurozzi, Robert Cook, and Justin Gorham for their critical review of the manuscript. NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 EI 1435-8115 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD APR PY 2011 VL 17 IS 2 BP 206 EP 214 DI 10.1017/S1431927610094559 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA 738BE UT WOS:000288613500007 PM 21366936 ER PT J AU Chee, SW Sivaramakrishnan, S Sharma, R Zuo, JM AF Chee, See Wee Sivaramakrishnan, Shankar Sharma, Renu Zuo, Jian-Min TI Electron-Beam-Induced Growth of TiO2 Nanostructures SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE titanium dioxide; nanostructures; in situ electron microscopy; electron-beam-induced effects ID METAL OXIDE SURFACES; THERMAL EVAPORATION; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; RUTILE TIO2; NANOWIRES; NANOMATERIALS; MECHANISM AB We report the evolution of titanium dioxide nanostructures when Au nanoparticles, supported on single crystal TiO2 substrates, were heated under; similar to 260 Pa of flowing O-2 in an environmental transmission electron microscope. Nanostructures with different morphologies were first observed around 500 degrees C. Our measurements show that temperature, oxygen pressure, and the electron beam control the nanostructure growth. We propose a reaction-controlled growth mechanism where mobile Ti atoms generated by the electron-beam-induced reduction of TiO2 are preferentially reoxidized at the Au-TiO2 interface. C1 [Chee, See Wee] Arizona State Univ, LeRoy Eyring Ctr Solid State Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Sivaramakrishnan, Shankar; Zuo, Jian-Min] Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Sharma, Renu] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sharma, Renu] Arizona State Univ, Sch Engn Matter Transport & Energy, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Chee, SW (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM see.chee@asu.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Chee, See Wee/C-6052-2008 OI Chee, See Wee/0000-0003-0095-3242 FU National Science Foundaton [DMR 0449790]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER46453, DE-FG02-07ER46471] FX Funding from the National Science Foundaton DMR 0449790, the use of facilities in the LeRoy Eyring Center for Solid State Science at Arizona State University, and Center for Microscopy andMicroanalysis, University of Illinois (partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under grants DE-FG02-07ER46453 and DE-FG02-07ER46471) are gratefully acknowledged. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 17 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD APR PY 2011 VL 17 IS 2 BP 274 EP 278 DI 10.1017/S1431927610094420 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA 738BE UT WOS:000288613500015 PM 21281554 ER PT J AU Cizmar, P Vladar, AE Postek, MT AF Cizmar, Petr Vladar, Andras E. Postek, Michael T. TI Real-Time Scanning Charged-Particle Microscope Image Composition with Correction of Drift SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE SEM; image acquisition; drift correction; real time ID LARGE-DEFORMATION MEASUREMENTS; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION; QUANTITATIVE SMALL; MAGNIFICATIONS; METROLOGY AB In this article, a new scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image composition technique is described, which can significantly reduce drift related image corruptions. Drift distortion commonly causes blur and distortions in the SEM images. Such corruption ordinarily appears when conventional image-acquisition methods, i.e., "slow scan" and "fast scan," are applied. The damage is often very significant; it may render images unusable for metrology applications, especially where subnanometer accuracy is required. The described correction technique works with a large number of quickly taken frames, which are properly aligned and then composed into a single image. Such image contains much less noise than the individual frames, while the blur and deformation is minimized. This technique also provides useful information about changes of the sample position in time, which may be applied to investigate the drift properties of the instrument without a need of additional equipment. C1 [Cizmar, Petr; Vladar, Andras E.; Postek, Michael T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vladar, AE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andras@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 EI 1435-8115 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD APR PY 2011 VL 17 IS 2 BP 302 EP 308 DI 10.1017/S1431927610094250 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA 738BE UT WOS:000288613500020 PM 21122194 ER PT J AU Chapman, RW Mancia, A Beal, M Veloso, A Rathburn, C Blair, A Holland, AF Warr, GW Didinato, G Sokolova, IM Wirth, EF Duffy, E Sanger, D AF Chapman, Robert W. Mancia, Annalaura Beal, Marion Veloso, Artur Rathburn, Charles Blair, Anne Holland, A. F. Warr, G. W. Didinato, Guy Sokolova, Inna M. Wirth, Edward F. Duffy, Edward Sanger, Denise TI The transcriptomic responses of the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, to environmental conditions SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adaptation; climate change; ecological genetics; ecotoxicology; genomics; proteomics; molluscs ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORK; FRESH-WATER EXPOSURE; WHITE SEA LITTORINA; ACID-BASE-BALANCE; GENE-EXPRESSION; AMERICAN OYSTER; ANAEROBIC METABOLISM; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; GMELIN BIVALVIA AB Understanding the mechanisms by which organisms adapt to environmental conditions is a fundamental question for ecology and evolution. In this study, we evaluate changes in gene expression of a marine mollusc, the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica, associated with the physico-chemical conditions and the levels of metals and other contaminants in their environment. The results indicate that transcript signatures can effectively disentangle the complex interactive gene expression responses to the environment and are also capable of disentangling the complex dynamic effects of environmental factors on gene expression. In this context, the mapping of environment to gene and gene to environment is reciprocal and mutually reinforcing. In general, the response of transcripts to the environment is driven by major factors known to affect oyster physiology such as temperature, pH, salinity, and dissolved oxygen, with pollutant levels playing a relatively small role, at least within the range of concentrations found in the studied oyster habitats. Further, the two environmental factors that dominate these effects (temperature and pH) interact in a dynamic and nonlinear fashion to impact gene expression. Transcriptomic data obtained in our study provide insights into the mechanisms of physiological responses to temperature and pH in oysters that are consistent with the known effects of these factors on physiological functions of ectotherms and indicate important linkages between transcriptomics and physiological outcomes. Should these linkages hold in further studies and in other organisms, they may provide a novel integrated approach for assessing the impacts of climate change, ocean acidification and anthropogenic contaminants on aquatic organisms via relatively inexpensive microarray platforms. C1 [Chapman, Robert W.; Beal, Marion] S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Charleston, SC 29422 USA. [Chapman, Robert W.; Mancia, Annalaura; Warr, G. W.] Med Univ S Carolina, Marine Biomed & Environm Sci Ctr, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Chapman, Robert W.; Veloso, Artur; Rathburn, Charles] Coll Charleston, Grice Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Chapman, Robert W.; Mancia, Annalaura; Beal, Marion; Veloso, Artur; Rathburn, Charles; Blair, Anne; Holland, A. F.; Warr, G. W.; Didinato, Guy] Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Sokolova, Inna M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Wirth, Edward F.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC USA. [Duffy, Edward] Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Sanger, Denise] S Carolina Sea Grant Consortium, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Chapman, RW (reprint author), S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, POB 12559, Charleston, SC 29422 USA. EM chapmanr@dnr.sc.gov RI mancia, annalaura/F-9706-2013; Sokolova, Inna/B-4955-2009 OI mancia, annalaura/0000-0001-8680-3530; Sokolova, Inna/0000-0002-2068-4302 FU Center of Excellence in Oceans and Human Health; College of Charleston; NSF [IOS-0921367] FX This study was supported by funding from the Center of Excellence in Oceans and Human Health (AF Holland and DA Sanger, PIs) and by a Genomics Fellowship from the College of Charleston to A. Veloso. I.M. Sokolova was partially supported by NSF award IOS-0921367. We thank Dr. Jonas Almeida for providing the ANN's software used in this study and Dr. John Schwacke for access to the servers at the Medical University of South Carolina that processed the data. This manuscript is contribution number 677 to the Marine Resources Division of the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources and 55 to the Marine Biomedicine and Environmental Science Center of the Medical University of South Carolina. NR 70 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 13 U2 139 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 20 IS 7 BP 1431 EP 1449 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05018.x PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 739HK UT WOS:000288705300012 PM 21426432 ER PT J AU Gurarie, E Suutarinen, J Kojola, I Ovaskainen, O AF Gurarie, Eliezer Suutarinen, Johanna Kojola, Ilpo Ovaskainen, Otso TI Summer movements, predation and habitat use of wolves in human modified boreal forests SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Canis lupus; GPS telemetry; Habitat preference; Alces alces; Rangifer tarandus ID BIALOWIEZA-PRIMEVAL-FOREST; RESOURCE SELECTION FUNCTIONS; CANIS-LUPUS; KILL RATES; POLAND; FINLAND; MOOSE; PREY; POPULATIONS; SYSTEM AB Grey wolves (Canis lupus), formerly extirpated in Finland, have recolonized a boreal forest environment that has been significantly altered by humans, becoming a patchwork of managed forests and clearcuts crisscrossed by roads, power lines, and railways. Little is known about how the wolves utilize this impacted ecosystem, especially during the pup-rearing summer months. We tracked two wolves instrumented with GPS collars transmitting at 30-min intervals during two summers in eastern Finland, visiting all locations in the field, identifying prey items and classifying movement behaviors. We analyzed preference and avoidance of habitat types, linear elements and habitat edges, and tested the generality of our results against lower resolution summer movements of 23 other collared wolves. Wolves tended to show a strong preference for transitional woodlands (mostly harvested clearcuts) and mixed forests over coniferous forests and to use forest roads and low use linear elements to facilitate movement. The high density of primary roads in one wolf's territory led to more constrained use of the home territory compared to the wolf with fewer roads, suggesting avoidance of humans; however, there did not appear to be large differences on the hunting success or the success of pup rearing for the two packs. In total, 90 kills were identified, almost entirely moose (Alces alces) and reindeer (Rangifer tarandus sspp.) calves of which a large proportion were killed in transitional woodlands. Generally, wolves displayed a high level of adaptability, successfully exploiting direct and indirect human-derived modifications to the boreal forest environment. C1 [Gurarie, Eliezer; Ovaskainen, Otso] Univ Helsinki, Dept Biosci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Suutarinen, Johanna] Univ Oulu, Dept Biol, Zool Museum, Oulu 90014, Finland. [Suutarinen, Johanna; Kojola, Ilpo] Finnish Game & Fisheries Res Inst, Oulu 90570, Finland. RP Gurarie, E (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM eliezer.gurarie@helsinki.fi RI Ovaskainen, Otso/D-9119-2012; OI Ovaskainen, Otso/0000-0001-9750-4421; Gurarie, Eliezer/0000-0002-8666-9674 FU European Research Council (ERC) [205905]; Academy of Finland [124242] FX The authors would like to thank A. Hakala, M. Kaakko, L. Kartano, S. Kauppinen, S. Kokko, L. Korhonen, K. Moisio, R. Ovaskainen, S. Ronkainen, M. Suominen, M. Tikkunen and M. Valtonen for invaluable assistance in the field, including capture and ground tracking. H. Kujala, K. Laidre, J. Lehtomaki and E. Meyke helped with GIS data processing. K. Laidre, B. Van Moorter and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful comments on the manuscript. This study was supported by the European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant no. 205905 to O.O.) and the Academy of Finland (Grant no. 124242 to O.O.). NR 40 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 8 U2 120 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD APR PY 2011 VL 165 IS 4 BP 891 EP 903 DI 10.1007/s00442-010-1883-y PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 735EW UT WOS:000288397200007 PM 21207232 ER PT J AU Moody, G Siemens, ME Bristow, AD Dai, X Karaiskaj, D Bracker, AS Gammon, D Cundiff, ST AF Moody, G. Siemens, M. E. Bristow, A. D. Dai, X. Karaiskaj, D. Bracker, A. S. Gammon, D. Cundiff, S. T. TI Spectral broadening and population relaxation in a GaAs interfacial quantum dot ensemble and quantum well nanostructure SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE excitons; four-wave mixing; Fourier transform spectroscopy; quantum dots ID SPECTROSCOPY AB Optical two-dimensional Fourier transform spectroscopy (2DFTS) is used to measure thermal broadening of the ground state exciton homogeneous linewidth and energy relaxation in a single layer of interfacial GaAs quantum dots (QDs). We observe a nonlinear increase in the homogeneous linewidth with temperature from 6 to 50K and find that a phonon activation term + offset fit the data well. The absence of an activation peak in the 2D spectra indicates that elastic exciton-phonon scattering via virtual transitions between the ground and excited states significantly contributes to the thermal broadening. Measurements of the linewidth across the inhomogeneous distribution show that excitons localized in smaller QDs experience stronger thermal broadening. We record 2D spectra for a population time up to 500 ps and temperature up to 50K to reveal excitonic relaxation from quantum well to QD states. As the temperature increases from 6 to 50 K, the relaxation time decreases from 180 to 30 ps, respectively. This behavior is consistent with a phonon-mediated scattering process. (C) 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Moody, G.; Siemens, M. E.; Bristow, A. D.; Dai, X.; Karaiskaj, D.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bracker, A. S.; Gammon, D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Moody, G (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM moodyg@jilau1.colorado.edu RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Bristow, Alan/F-9703-2013; Moody, Galan/J-5811-2014; Dai, Xingcan/B-3556-2014 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; Moody, Galan/0000-0001-7263-1483; FU National Science Foundation; (US) Department of Energy; Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division Office of Basic Energy Sciences FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation, the (US) Department of Energy, and the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division Office of Basic Energy Sciences. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 EI 1521-3951 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys. PD APR PY 2011 VL 248 IS 4 BP 829 EP 832 DI 10.1002/pssb.201000816 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 741IB UT WOS:000288856300007 ER PT J AU Rand, KM Logerwell, EA AF Rand, Kimberly M. Logerwell, Elizabeth A. TI The first demersal trawl survey of benthic fish and invertebrates in the Beaufort Sea since the late 1970s SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beaufort Sea; Marine fishes; Snow crab; Polar cod; Boreogadus saida ID COD BOREOGADUS-SAIDA; NORTHERN BERING-SEA; COASTAL WATERS; TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ECOSYSTEM; CHUKCHI; ALASKA; REGION AB This study represents the first demersal trawl survey of marine fishes and invertebrates in offshore waters of the Beaufort Sea since 1977. Species composition, distribution, and abundance of demersal fish and benthic invertebrates were assessed with standard methods and demersal trawl gear by the Alaska Fisheries Science Center. Fishes made up 6% of the total catch weight, and invertebrates made up the remaining 94% of the catch weight. A total of 32 species of fish were identified, two taxa were identified to genus and one to family, and 174 taxa of invertebrates were identified. The most abundant demersal fishes were polar cod (Boreogadus saida), eelpouts (Lycodes spp.), Bering flounder (Hippoglossoides robustus), and walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma). The most abundant invertebrates were notched brittle stars (Ophiura sarsi), snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio), mussels (Musculus spp.), and the mudstar (Ctenodiscus crispatus). We documented or confirmed extension to the known ranges of four species of fishes: walleye pollock, Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus), festive snailfish (Liparis marmoratus), and eyeshade sculpin (Nautichthys pribilovius). We also documented the presence of commercial-sized snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio), which has not previously been recorded in the North American Arctic. C1 [Rand, Kimberly M.; Logerwell, Elizabeth A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Rand, KM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM kimberly.rand@noaa.gov FU US Department of the Interior's Mineral Management Service (MMS), Alaska Region [M07PG13152, AKC-058]; National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), Alaska Fisheries Science Center's (AFSC) Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering Division (RACE) FX Funding for this study was provided by the US Department of the Interior's Mineral Management Service (MMS), Alaska Region (Interagency Agreement M07PG13152 and AKC-058). We would like to thank National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), Alaska Fisheries Science Center's (AFSC) Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering Division (RACE) for providing survey gear, support and expertise. We would like to especially thank Heloise Chenelot of the University of Alaska Fairbanks for providing species identification on the invertebrates and Erika Acuna (RACE) for providing expertise on fish species identification in the field. James Orr and Duane Stevenson (RACE) provided taxonomic verification and identification of all fish species. The AFSC's Age and Growth Program analyzed otoliths for fish ages. Thanks to Sandra Parker-Stetter and Jennifer Nomura who were part of the scientific crew. We would like to thank the captain and crew of the F/V Ocean Explorer (Captain Darin Vanderpol and Raphael Guiterrez, Tom Giacalone, Joao DoMar, Ben Boyok and Jessica Heaven) for a productive and safe research cruise. Finally, we thank the 3 reviewers for their thoroughness, time, and constructive input. NR 44 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 5 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 EI 1432-2056 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 34 IS 4 BP 475 EP 488 DI 10.1007/s00300-010-0900-2 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 735XQ UT WOS:000288454400001 ER PT J AU Kumanchik, L Schmitz, TL Pratt, JR AF Kumanchik, Lee Schmitz, Tony L. Pratt, Jon R. TI An interferometric platform for studying AFM probe deflection SO PRECISION ENGINEERING-JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETIES FOR PRECISION ENGINEERING AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Atomic force microscope; Cantilever; Beam; Deflection ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; SPRING CONSTANTS; CALIBRATION; CANTILEVERS AB This paper describes an interferometric platform for measuring the full-field deflection of atomic force microscope (AFM) probes and generic cantilevers during quasi-static loading. The platform consists of a scanning white light interferometer (SWLI), holders for the cantilevers, a translation stage, a rotation (tip-tilt) stage, and an adapter plate to connect these items to the SWLI table. Visualization of cantilever bending behavior is demonstrated for snap-in against a rigid surface, cantilever-on-cantilever tests, and a damaged AFM probe. A new approach to normal force calculation using a polynomial fit to the cantilever deflection profile is also presented and verified experimentally. The method requires only the coefficient for the third order (cubic) term from the fit to the deflection profile, the elastic modulus, and the area moment of inertia for the cantilever under test. (c) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kumanchik, Lee; Schmitz, Tony L.] Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Pratt, Jon R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Schmitz, TL (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM tschmitz@ufl.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology FX This work was partially supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of this agency. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0141-6359 J9 PRECIS ENG JI Precis. Eng.-J. Int. Soc. Precis. Eng. Nanotechnol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 35 IS 2 BP 248 EP 257 DI 10.1016/j.precisioneng.2010.09.013 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Manufacturing; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 738IS UT WOS:000288634100009 ER PT J AU Neeraj, T Gnaupel-Herold, T Prask, HJ Ayer, R AF Neeraj, T. Gnaeupel-Herold, T. Prask, H. J. Ayer, R. TI Residual stresses in girth welds of carbon steel pipes: neutron diffraction analysis SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WELDING AND JOINING LA English DT Article DE Residual stress; Girth welds; Carbon steel pipes; Dissimilar weld; Neutron diffraction ID METAL AB In the oil and gas industry, residual stresses in welded components, such as risers and oil offloading lines, play a key role in determining their fatigue and fracture performance. The focus of this work is on measuring the residual stresses in girth welds of large diameter ( 508 mm, 20 in. outside diameter) thick walled (25.4 mm, 1 in. wall thickness) pipes. Residual stresses were measured using neutrons on two girth welds on X-65 grade line pipes. One was a carbon steel weld with fully ferritic weld metal, and the second was an Inconel 625 dissimilar weld with fully austenitic weld metal. It was observed that while there were subtle differences, the overall magnitude and distribution of axial and hoop residual stresses were comparable in the two girth welds. These data are consistent with available previous measurements and computer models from the literature. C1 [Neeraj, T.; Ayer, R.] ExxonMobil Res & Engn Co, Corp Strateg Res, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. [Gnaeupel-Herold, T.; Prask, H. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Neeraj, T (reprint author), ExxonMobil Res & Engn Co, Corp Strateg Res, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. EM neeraj.s.thirumalai@exxonmobil.com RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; OI Gnaupel-Herold, Thomas/0000-0002-8287-5091 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research FX The authors would like to acknowledge the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research for beam time and support. NT and RA would like to thank D. Lillig, M. D. Crawford, G. Dunn and G. J. Atkins of ExxonMobil Development Company for their support and for providing the welded pipes used in this investigation. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 1362-1718 J9 SCI TECHNOL WELD JOI JI Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. PD APR PY 2011 VL 16 IS 3 BP 249 EP 253 DI 10.1179/1362171810Y.0000000028 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 741HO UT WOS:000288855000009 ER PT J AU Schaefer, K Zhang, TJ Bruhwiler, L Barrett, AP AF Schaefer, Kevin Zhang, Tingjun Bruhwiler, Lori Barrett, Andrew P. TI Amount and timing of permafrost carbon release in response to climate warming SO TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TERRESTRIAL BIOPHYSICAL PARAMETERS; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; ATMOSPHERIC GCMS; SURFACE-ENERGY; GLOBAL FIELDS; NDVI DATA; ICE CORE; MODEL; LAND; CO2 AB The thaw and release of carbon currently frozen in permafrost will increase atmospheric CO2 concentrations and amplify surface warming to initiate a positive permafrost carbon feedback (PCF) on climate. We use surface weather from three global climate models based on the moderate warming, A1B Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change emissions scenario and the SiBCASA land surface model to estimate the strength and timing of the PCF and associated uncertainty. By 2200, we predict a 29-59% decrease in permafrost area and a 53-97 cm increase in active layer thickness. By 2200, the PCF strength in terms of cumulative permafrost carbon flux to the atmosphere is 190 +/- 64 Gt C. This estimate may be low because it does not account for amplified surface warming due to the PCF itself and excludes some discontinuous permafrost regions where SiBCASA did not simulate permafrost. We predict that the PCF will change the arctic from a carbon sink to a source after the mid-2020s and is strong enough to cancel 42-88% of the total global land sink. The thaw and decay of permafrost carbon is irreversible and accounting for the PCF will require larger reductions in fossil fuel emissions to reach a target atmospheric CO2 concentration. C1 [Schaefer, Kevin; Zhang, Tingjun; Barrett, Andrew P.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bruhwiler, Lori] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Schaefer, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM kevin.schaefer@nsidc.org FU U.S. National Aeronautics and SpaceAdministration (NASA) [NNX06AE65G]; U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA07OAR4310115, NOAA NA09OAR4310063]; U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [ARC 0901962] FX This study was in part supported by the U.S. National Aeronautics and SpaceAdministration (NASA) grant NNX06AE65G as part of the North American Carbon Program, the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Grant NA07OAR4310115, the U.S. NOAA Grant NOAA NA09OAR4310063 and the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant ARC 0901962 to the University of Colorado at Boulder. NR 65 TC 168 Z9 176 U1 15 U2 128 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0280-6509 J9 TELLUS B JI Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 63 IS 2 BP 165 EP 180 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2011.00527.x PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 736TG UT WOS:000288516400002 ER PT J AU Alonso-Perez, S Cuevas, E Perez, C Querol, X Baldasano, JM Draxler, R De Bustos, JJ AF Alonso-Perez, S. Cuevas, E. Perez, C. Querol, X. Baldasano, J. M. Draxler, R. De Bustos, J. J. TI Trend changes of African airmass intrusions in the marine boundary layer over the subtropical Eastern North Atlantic region in winter SO TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM TREND; SAHARAN DUST; MINERAL DUST; DESERT DUST; OSCILLATION; VARIABILITY; TRANSPORT; DEPOSITION; DROUGHT; CLIMATE AB African dust intrusions in the marine mixing layer of the Eastern North Atlantic subtropical region (23.5 degrees N to 35 degrees N) are favoured in winter when the eastern edge of the Azores High covers Southwestern Europe and North Africa. In situ ground pressure observations and reanalysis from National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) indicate that the Azores High has strengthened and shifted eastward in winter over the last three decades. This is evidenced by the increase over time of the Madrid-Tenerife Index which is defined as the geopotential height anomaly difference at 1000 mb between Tenerife (28.5 degrees N; 16.3 degrees W) and Madrid (40.5 degrees N; 3.5 degrees W) in winter and of the African Index which is defined as the residence time over Africa of air mass trajectories entering the subtropical Eastern North Atlantic Ocean. Barcelona Supercomputing Center/Dust Regional Atmospheric Model (BSC-DREAM) dust regional model simulations from 1958 to 2006 were performed, assuming that the soil characteristics of dust sources remained unchanged over time. Simulated winter dust concentration levels are well correlated (0.67) with the available background observations for the 1998-2004 period. The model results show a two-fold increase in winter dust concentrations over the 1980-2006 period with respect to the 1958-1979 period, corresponding to the strengthening and eastward shift of the Azores High. C1 [Alonso-Perez, S.; Cuevas, E.; De Bustos, J. J.] Izana Atmospher Res Ctr AEMET, Santa Cruz De Tenerife 38071, Spain. [Alonso-Perez, S.; Querol, X.] CSIC, Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Perez, C.] Columbia Univ, Inst Climate & Soc, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies & Int Res,Earth Inst, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Baldasano, J. M.] Barcelona Supercomp Ctr, Barcelona, Spain. [Baldasano, J. M.] Univ Politecn Cataluna, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Draxler, R.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Alonso-Perez, S (reprint author), Izana Atmospher Res Ctr AEMET, C La Marina 20-6A Planta, Santa Cruz De Tenerife 38071, Spain. EM salonsop@aemet.es RI Querol, Xavier/E-2800-2014; Alonso Perez, Silvia/M-1035-2014; Cuevas, Emilio/L-2109-2013; OI Querol, Xavier/0000-0002-6549-9899; Alonso Perez, Silvia/0000-0003-0572-6081; Cuevas, Emilio/0000-0003-1843-8302; Perez Garcia-Pando, Carlos/0000-0002-4456-0697 NR 63 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0280-6509 J9 TELLUS B JI Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 63 IS 2 BP 255 EP 265 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2010.00524.x PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 736TG UT WOS:000288516400008 ER PT J AU Goldberg, M Ohring, G Butler, J Cao, C Datla, R Doelling, D Gartner, V Hewison, T Iacovazzi, B Kim, D Kurino, T Lafeuille, J Minnis, P Renaut, D Schmetz, J Tobin, D Wang, L Weng, F Wu, X Yu, F Zhang, P Zhu, T AF Goldberg, M. Ohring, G. Butler, J. Cao, C. Datla, R. Doelling, D. Gaertner, V. Hewison, T. Iacovazzi, B. Kim, D. Kurino, T. Lafeuille, J. Minnis, P. Renaut, D. Schmetz, J. Tobin, D. Wang, L. Weng, F. Wu, X. Yu, F. Zhang, P. Zhu, T. TI THE GLOBAL SPACE-BASED INTER-CALIBRATION SYSTEM SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE IMAGERS; RAPID CALIBRATION; INFRARED CHANNELS; INTERCALIBRATION; WINDOW; WATER C1 [Goldberg, M.; Ohring, G.; Cao, C.; Iacovazzi, B.; Wang, L.; Weng, F.; Wu, X.; Yu, F.; Zhu, T.] NOAA NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Butler, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Datla, R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Doelling, D.; Minnis, P.] NASA, LARC, Hampton, VA USA. [Gaertner, V.] European Space Agcy, Darmstadt, Germany. [Kim, D.] Korea Meteorol Adm, Seoul, South Korea. [Kurino, T.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Tokyo, Japan. [Lafeuille, J.] WMO, Geneva, Switzerland. [Renaut, D.] Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, Paris, France. [Hewison, T.; Schmetz, J.] European Org Exploitat Meteorol Satellites, Darmstadt, Germany. [Tobin, D.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Zhang, P.] China Meteorol Adm, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Goldberg, M (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS, Room 711,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM mitch.goldberg@noaa.gov RI Wang, Likun/B-7524-2008; Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; Ohring, George/F-5616-2010; Goldberg, Mitch/F-5589-2010; Yu, Fangfang/E-7942-2011; Butler, James/D-4188-2013; Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010; Richards, Amber/K-8203-2015; Minnis, Patrick/G-1902-2010; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Hewison, Tim/0000-0002-7845-5107; Wang, Likun/0000-0001-5646-9746; Yu, Fangfang/0000-0001-8343-0863; Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650; Minnis, Patrick/0000-0002-4733-6148; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 NR 20 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2011 VL 92 IS 4 BP 467 EP 475 DI 10.1175/2010BAMS2967.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 773QT UT WOS:000291323900005 ER PT J AU Jiao, Z Woodcock, C Schaaf, CB Tan, B Liu, JC Gao, F Strahler, A Li, XW Wang, JD AF Jiao, Ziti Woodcock, Curtis Schaaf, Crystal B. Tan, Bin Liu, Jicheng Gao, Feng Strahler, Alan Li, Xiaowen Wang, Jindi TI Improving MODIS land cover classification by combining MODIS spectral and angular signatures in a Canadian boreal forest SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE MODEL; HYPERSPECTRAL BRDF DATA; ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; CHARACTERISTICS DATABASE; DECISION TREES; EOS-MODIS; SURFACE; ALBEDO AB This study explores the use of reflectance anisotropy as described by the Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) as an additional source of information to improve land surface classification accuracies in a Canadian boreal forest region through the use of a decision tree classifier (C4.5). This effort primarily uses a daily rolling version of the operational algorithm developed for Direct Broadcast to generate 500 m 16-day daily rolling data sets in the study region. Descriptive statistic and statistically rigorous techniques are used to assess classification accuracies based on confusion matrices and a 10-fold cross-validation method. The results show that the inclusion of additional 7-band model anisotropic parameter group (volumetric (VOL) plus geometric (GEO)) with spectral feature group (nadir BRDF-adjusted reflectance (NABR) plus Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI)) is most useful in classification, increasing overall accuracies by 5.68%. The most improvements of per-class accuracies are seen for Wetland shrub class with user's and producer's accuracies increasing by up to 17.7% and 11.3%, respectively. Increases on the order of 5% to 15% are encountered for the classes of Wetland herb, Wetland tree, Coniferous dense, and Coniferous open with no detriments to other candidate classes. The inclusion of the 2-band BRDF shape indicator group in the classification is, however, not as useful as inclusion of the 7-band model anisotropic parameter group in improving the classification accuracies. A further investigation of the classification accuracies regarding reflectance anisotropy for the sampling pixels within each class shows that land cover types that are dominated by geometric-optical scattering type or a mixture of scattering types are relatively difficult to be classified with spectral feature group alone, and the inclusion of additional BRDF features can significantly improve classification accuracies for these land cover types. However, despite their use as ancillary data, this study also confirms that the spectral feature group provided with NBAR and EVI captures the major information content regarding land cover types, exceeding the information content contained in the model anisotropic parameter group provided with the 7-band VOL and GEO parameters of RossThick-LiSparse-Reciprocal (RTLSR) models. C1 [Jiao, Ziti; Li, Xiaowen] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Geog, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Woodcock, Curtis; Schaaf, Crystal B.; Strahler, Alan; Wang, Jindi] Boston Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, Ctr Remote Sensing, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Jiao, Ziti; Li, Xiaowen; Wang, Jindi] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Tan, Bin; Gao, Feng] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Tan, Bin; Gao, Feng] ERT Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Liu, Jicheng] NOAA NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Jiao, Z (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Geog, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. EM jiaozt@bnu.edu.cn RI Tan, Bin/G-1331-2012; Liu, Jicheng/B-4575-2009 FU NSFC [40871193]; Special Foundation for Free Exploration of State Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science [610ZY-06]; National Basic Research Program of China (973 program) [2007CB714402]; NASA [NNX08AE94A] FX This work was partly supported by NSFC contract (40871193), Special Foundation for Free Exploration of State Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science (610ZY-06), and National Basic Research Program of China (973 program, contract No. 2007CB714402). Support was also provided by NASA grant NNX08AE94A. Thanks are due to a number of colleagues for their help, advice, and encouragement in relation to various aspects of this paper, in particular Mark Friedl (Geography and Environment Department, Boston University, USA) and Michael Hill (Earth System Science and Policy, University of North Dakota, USA). The comments by the anonymous reviewers are also greatly appreciated. NR 65 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 21 PU CANADIAN AERONAUTICS SPACE INST PI KANATA PA 350 TERRY FOX DR, STE 104, KANATA, ON K2K 2W5, CANADA SN 1712-7971 J9 CAN J REMOTE SENS JI Can. J. Remote Sens. PD APR PY 2011 VL 37 IS 2 BP 184 EP 203 PG 20 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 958OO UT WOS:000305249400002 ER PT J AU Apprill, A Mooney, TA Lyman, E Stimpert, AK Rappe, MS AF Apprill, Amy Mooney, T. Aran Lyman, Edward Stimpert, Alison K. Rappe, Michael S. TI Humpback whales harbour a combination of specific and variable skin bacteria SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; SOLE SOLEA-SENEGALENSIS; TIDAL FLAT SEDIMENT; SP-NOV.; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; PHYLOGENETIC TREE; SEQUENCE DATA; DIVERSITY; ATLANTIC; SEA AB P>Investigations of marine mammal skin-associated microbiota are limited to cultivation-based studies of lesioned individuals, resulting in a lack of understanding about the composition of 'normal' skin-associated microbial communities, their variation among individuals, and whether or not the microbial communities change with host health or environmental exposures. In this study, bacterial communities associated with the skin of 19 North Pacific humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae), including skin from three health-compromised individuals, were examined using small subunit ribosomal RNA gene-based culture-independent techniques. These analyses revealed that the skin-associated bacteria were significantly different from free-living bacterial communities in the surrounding seawater. Two novel groups within the Flavobacteriaceae family of the Bacteroidetes phylum were found to be associated with multiple whales, including a species within the Tenacibaculum genus that associated with 95% of the individuals. Statistical analyses revealed that a group of eight 'healthy' whales harboured similar microbial communities, while the health-compromised and other 'healthy' animals harboured communities that were unique to the specific animal. These results describe two components of the whale skin bacterial community: a specific and potentially co-evolved fraction, and a more variable microbial community fraction that may offer a diagnostic-type tool for investigating the health and life-related events of these endangered animals. C1 [Apprill, Amy] Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Apprill, Amy; Mooney, T. Aran; Stimpert, Alison K.; Rappe, Michael S.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Lyman, Edward] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Assoc, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. RP Apprill, A (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, 266 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM apprill@whoi.edu FU National Marine Fisheries Service under MMPA and ESA [1000-1617]; NOAA Fisheries [932-1489]; NSF FX We thank Marc O. Lammers and Dave Mattila for providing logistical support for sample collections and Brian Bowen and Steve Karl for comments on a version of this manuscript. Humpback whale skin samples were collected under permit #1000-1617, issued to the National Marine Fisheries Service under the authority of the MMPA and ESA and the NOAA Fisheries' Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program permit #932-1489. This research was supported by a NSF predoctoral research fellowship to A.A. This is SOEST contribution 8002 and HIMB contribution 1401. NR 56 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1758-2229 J9 ENV MICROBIOL REP JI Environ. Microbiol. Rep. PD APR PY 2011 VL 3 IS 2 BP 223 EP 232 DI 10.1111/j.1758-2229.2010.00213.x PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA 736OG UT WOS:000288503400012 PM 23761254 ER PT J AU Verma, VB Dias, NL Reddy, U Bassett, KP Li, XL Coleman, JJ AF Verma, Varun Boehm Dias, Neville L. Reddy, Uttam Bassett, Kevin P. Li, Xiuling Coleman, James J. TI Bandstructure Engineering with a 2-D Patterned Quantum Well Superlattice SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Coupled quantum dots; quantum dot; quantum dot laser; quantum dot molecule ID INDUCED MASS-TRANSPORT; DOT LASERS; SURFACE-ENERGY; DIODE-LASER; SEGREGATION; GAAS AB We present experimental results from an edge-emitting diode laser with an active layer consisting of a 2-D patterned quantum well superlattice. We demonstrate control over the density of optical transitions by engineering the unit cell geometry of the lattice. C1 [Verma, Varun Boehm; Dias, Neville L.; Reddy, Uttam; Bassett, Kevin P.; Li, Xiuling; Coleman, James J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Verma, VB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM verma@illinois.edu; ndiasan2@illinois.edu; cvreddy@illinois.edu; kpbasset@illinois.edu; xiuling@illinois.edu; jcoleman@illinois.edu RI Coleman, James/C-9703-2011 FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency [433143-874a]; National Science Foundation [08-21979]; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Young Faculty Award FX This work was supported in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency under Grant 433143-874a and in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant 08-21979. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9197 EI 1558-1713 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD APR PY 2011 VL 47 IS 4 BP 417 EP 423 DI 10.1109/JQE.2010.2090134 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 735YS UT WOS:000288457300001 ER PT J AU Gomes, H Testera, AR Carvalho, NB Fernandez-Barciela, M Remley, KA AF Gomes, Hugo Rodriguez Testera, Alejandro Carvalho, Nuno Borges Fernandez-Barciela, Monica Remley, Kate A. TI Diode Power Probe Measurements of Wireless Signals SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE Diode power probe; long-term memory effects; nonlinear devices; peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR); power measurement AB In this paper, we conduct a thorough analysis of the nonlinear behavior of diode power probes and demonstrate how memory effects can alter power measurements of signals with wide modulation bandwidths and high values of peak-to-average power ratio. We show analytically, by simulations, and with measurements, that commonly used single-tone calibration procedures for diode power probes can provide erroneous values when measuring modulated signals used in many new wireless standards. We show that high values of peak-to-average-power ratio can degrade the calibration results due to the low-frequency response imposed by the power probe's baseband circuit impedance. This effect is first theoretically demonstrated by use of a Volterra series, and then validated by simulations and measurements with a diode power probe circuit. This study provides engineers with guidelines for techniques for correction of diode power probe measurements. C1 [Gomes, Hugo; Carvalho, Nuno Borges] Univ Aveiro, Inst Telecomunicacoes, Dept Elect Telecomunicacoes & Informat, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal. [Gomes, Hugo] Inst Politecn Leiria, P-2411901 Leiria, Portugal. [Rodriguez Testera, Alejandro; Fernandez-Barciela, Monica] Univ Vigo, Dept Teoria Senal & Comunicac, Vigo 36310, Spain. [Remley, Kate A.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Gomes, H (reprint author), Univ Aveiro, Inst Telecomunicacoes, Dept Elect Telecomunicacoes & Informat, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal. EM hugo.gomes@ipleiria.pt; alexrtestera@uvigo.es; nbcarvalho@ua.pt; monica.barciela@uvigo.es; kate.remley@nist.gov FU Project Accion Integrada [HP2006-120]; [TEC2008-06874-C03-02-FEDER]; [IN-CITE08PXIB322241PR]; [TACCS-PTDC/EEA-TEL/099646/2008] FX This work was supported in part by under Project TEC2008-06874-C03-02-FEDER, Project IN-CITE08PXIB322241PR, Project Accion Integrada (HP2006-120), and Project TACCS-PTDC/EEA-TEL/099646/2008. This paper is an extended paper from the IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium, Anaheim, CA, May 23-28, 2010. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 EI 1557-9670 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD APR PY 2011 VL 59 IS 4 BP 987 EP 997 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2010.2100405 PN 1 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA V46YX UT WOS:000209920600020 ER PT J AU Robinson, CK Webb, K Kaur, A Jaruga, P Dizdaroglu, M Baliga, NS Place, A DiRuggiero, J AF Robinson, Courtney K. Webb, Kim Kaur, Amardeep Jaruga, Pawel Dizdaroglu, Miral Baliga, Nitin S. Place, Allen DiRuggiero, Jocelyne TI A Major Role for Nonenzymatic Antioxidant Processes in the Radioresistance of Halobacterium salinarum SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FREE AMINO-ACIDS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI ACONITASE; ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; IONIZING-RADIATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; DEINOCOCCUS-RADIODURANS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; PROTEIN OXIDATION; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS AB Oxidative stress occurs when the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) exceeds the capacity of the cell's endogenous systems to neutralize them. Our analyses of the cellular damage and oxidative stress responses of the archaeon Halobacterium salinarum exposed to ionizing radiation (IR) revealed a critical role played by nonenzymatic antioxidant processes in the resistance of H. salinarum to IR. ROS-scavenging enzymes were essential for resistance to chemical oxidants, yet those enzymes were not necessary for H. salinarum's resistance to IR. We found that protein-free cell extracts from H. salinarum provided a high level of protection for protein activity against IR in vitro but did not protect DNA significantly. Compared with cell extracts of radiation-sensitive bacteria, H. salinarum extracts were enriched in manganese, amino acids, and peptides, supporting an essential role in ROS scavenging for those small molecules in vivo. With regard to chemical oxidants, we showed that the damage caused by gamma irradiation was mechanistically different than that produced by hydrogen peroxide or by the superoxide-generating redox-cycling drug paraquat. The data presented support the idea that IR resistance is most likely achieved by a "metabolic route," with a combination of tightly coordinated physiological processes. C1 [Robinson, Courtney K.; Webb, Kim; DiRuggiero, Jocelyne] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Biol, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kaur, Amardeep; Baliga, Nitin S.] Inst Syst Biol, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Jaruga, Pawel; Dizdaroglu, Miral] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20999 USA. [Place, Allen] Univ Maryland, Ctr Marine Biotechnol, Inst Biotechnol, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. RP DiRuggiero, J (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Biol, 3400 N Charles St,127 Mudd Hall, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM jdiruggiero@jhu.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Place, Allen/F-9267-2013; Jaruga, Pawel/M-4378-2015 FU AFOSR [FA95500710158]; NIH [P50GM076547, 1R01GM077398-01A2]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Maryland Cigarette Restitution Fund; NIEHS Center [P30 ES00319] FX This work was supported by the AFOSR (grant FA95500710158 to J.D.) and NIH (grants P50GM076547 and 1R01GM077398-01A2), and portions conducted by ENIGMA were supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231 to N.S.B. The ICP-MS work was supported in part by the Maryland Cigarette Restitution Fund Program at Johns Hopkins and the NIEHS Center (grant P30 ES00319). NR 67 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 193 IS 7 BP 1653 EP 1662 DI 10.1128/JB.01310-10 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 734DW UT WOS:000288314400017 PM 21278285 ER PT J AU Scott, K AF Scott, K. TI 3D elemental and structural analysis of biological specimens using electrons and ions SO JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Diatom; EDS; FIB; focused ion beam; SEM; X-ray microanalysis; 3D elemental mapping ID MICROSCOPY; SILICON; CELLS; BEAM; NANOSTRUCTURE; MICROANALYSIS; METABOLISM AB P>We demonstrate the utility of focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry for 3D morphological and elemental correlative analysis of subcellular features. Although recent advances in super-resolution light microscopy techniques and traditional transmission electron microscopy methods can provide cellular imaging at a wide range of length scales, simultaneous 3D morphological and elemental imaging of cellular features at nanometre scale can only be achieved with techniques such as focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry capability. We demonstrate the technique by analysing the 3D silicon cell wall structure of a marine diatom, Thalassiosira pseudonana. This study also highlights the limitations of the technique in its current state and suggests several possible improvements needed for the routine use of the technique for biological specimens. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Scott, K (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS-8372, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM keana.scott@nist.gov RI Scott, Keana/J-5717-2015 NR 36 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-2720 J9 J MICROSC-OXFORD JI J. Microsc.. PD APR PY 2011 VL 242 IS 1 BP 86 EP 93 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2010.03444.x PG 8 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 734XZ UT WOS:000288377600010 PM 21118236 ER PT J AU Ding, SG Yang, P Weng, FZ Liu, QH Han, Y van Deist, P Li, J Baum, B AF Ding, Shouguo Yang, Ping Weng, Fuzhong Liu, Quanhua Han, Yong van Deist, Paul Li, Jun Baum, Bryan TI Validation of the community radiative transfer model SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Validation; CRTM; DISORT; LBLRTM; AIRS; IASI; ECMWF ID BULK SCATTERING PROPERTIES; MODIS CLOUD PRODUCTS; ATMOSPHERIC INFRARED SOUNDER; SATELLITE DATA ASSIMILATION; WEATHER PREDICTION MODELS; NONSPHERICAL ICE CRYSTALS; OPTICAL-THICKNESS; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; LIGHT-SCATTERING; PHASE FUNCTIONS AB To validate the Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM) developed by the U.S. Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation (JCSDA), the discrete ordinate radiative transfer (DISORT) model and the line-by-line radiative transfer model (LBLRTM) are combined in order to provide a reference benchmark. Compared with the benchmark, the CRTM appears quite accurate for both clear sky and ice cloud radiance simulations with RMS errors below 0.2 K, except for clouds with small ice particles. In a computer CPU run time comparison, the CRTM is faster than DISORT by approximately two orders of magnitude. Using the operational MODIS cloud products and the European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) atmospheric profiles as an input, the CRTM is employed to simulate the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) radiances. The CRTM simulations are shown to be in reasonably close agreement with the AIRS measurements (the discrepancies are within 2 K in terms of brightness temperature difference). Furthermore, the impact of uncertainties in the input cloud properties and atmospheric profiles on the CRTM simulations has been assessed. The CRTM-based brightness temperatures (BTs) at the top of the atmosphere (TOA), for both thin (tau <5) and thick (tau > 30) clouds, are highly sensitive to uncertainties in atmospheric temperature and cloud top pressure. However, for an optically thick cloud, the CRTM-based BTs are not sensitive to the uncertainties of cloud optical thickness, effective particle size, and atmospheric humidity profiles. On the contrary, the uncertainties of the CRTM-based TOA BTs resulting from effective particle size and optical thickness are not negligible in an optically thin cloud. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ding, Shouguo; Yang, Ping] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Weng, Fuzhong; Han, Yong] NOAA, Satellite Meteorol & Climatol Div, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Liu, Quanhua] QSS Grp Inc, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Liu, Quanhua; van Deist, Paul] NOAA, Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Li, Jun] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Baum, Bryan] Univ Wisconsin, Space Sci & Engn Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Yang, P (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM pyang@tamu.edu RI Yang, Ping/B-4590-2011; Han, Yong/F-5590-2010; Liu, Quanhua/B-6608-2008; Ding, Shouguo/F-2673-2012; Baum, Bryan/B-7670-2011; Li, Jun/H-3579-2015; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Han, Yong/0000-0002-0183-7270; Liu, Quanhua/0000-0002-3616-351X; Baum, Bryan/0000-0002-7193-2767; Li, Jun/0000-0001-5504-9627; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [DG133E09CN0258]; NASA [NNX08AF81G] FX This study is partly supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (DG133E09CN0258). Bryan Baum is supported through NASA Grant NNX08AF81G. NR 56 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD APR PY 2011 VL 112 IS 6 BP 1050 EP 1064 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2010.11.009 PG 15 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 735ID UT WOS:000288406600014 ER PT J AU Chi, SX Lynn, JW Chen, Y Ratcliff, W Ueland, BG Butch, NP Saha, SR Kirshenbaum, K Paglione, J AF Chi, Songxue Lynn, Jeffrey W. Chen, Ying Ratcliff, William, II Ueland, Benjamin G. Butch, Nicholas P. Saha, Shanta R. Kirshenbaum, Kevin Paglione, Johnpierre TI Nitrogen contamination in elastic neutron scattering SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adsorbed N-2 gas; spurious Bragg peaks; neutron diffraction AB Nitrogen gas accidentally sealed in a sample container produces various spurious effects in elastic neutron scattering measurements. These effects are systematically investigated and the details of the spurious scattering are presented. C1 [Chi, Songxue; Lynn, Jeffrey W.; Chen, Ying; Ratcliff, William, II; Ueland, Benjamin G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chi, Songxue; Chen, Ying] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Butch, Nicholas P.; Saha, Shanta R.; Kirshenbaum, Kevin; Paglione, Johnpierre] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, CNAM, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Chi, SX (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM schi@nist.gov; jlynn@nist.gov; yingcmd@gmail.com; ylem@nist.gov; bgueland@lanl.gov; nbutch@umd.edu; srsaha@umd.edu; kkirsh@umd.edu; paglione@umd.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Ueland, Benjamin/B-2312-2008; Chi, Songxue/A-6713-2013 OI Ueland, Benjamin/0000-0001-9784-6595; Chi, Songxue/0000-0002-3851-9153 FU Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials FX NPB is supported by the Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 22 IS 4 AR 047001 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/22/4/047001 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 735XR UT WOS:000288454500039 ER PT J AU Hoekstra, S Klockow, K Riley, R Brotzge, J Brooks, H Erickson, S AF Hoekstra, S. Klockow, K. Riley, R. Brotzge, J. Brooks, H. Erickson, S. TI A Preliminary Look at the Social Perspective of Warn-on-Forecast: Preferred Tornado Warning Lead Time and the General Public's Perceptions of Weather Risks SO WEATHER CLIMATE AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; FATALITIES AB Tornado warnings are currently issued an average of 13 min in advance of a tornado and are based on a warn-on-detection paradigm. However, computer model improvements may allow for a new warning paradigm, warn-on-forecast, to be established in the future. This would mean that tornado warnings could be issued one to two hours in advance, prior to storm initiation. In anticipation of the technological innovation, this study inquires whether the warn-on-forecast paradigm for tornado warnings may be preferred by the public (i.e., individuals and households). The authors' sample is drawn from visitors to the National Weather Center in Norman, Oklahoma. During the summer and fall of 2009, surveys were distributed to 320 participants to assess their understanding and perception of weather risks and preferred tornado warning lead time. Responses were analyzed according to several different parameters including age, region of residency, educational level, number of children, and prior tornado experience. A majority of the respondents answered many of the weather risk questions correctly. They seemed to be familiar with tornado seasons; however, they were unaware of the relative number of fatalities caused by tornadoes and several additional weather phenomena each year in the United States. The preferred lead time was 34.3 min according to average survey responses. This suggests that while the general public may currently prefer a longer average lead time than the present system offers, the preference does not extend to the 1-2-h time frame theoretically offered by the warn-on-forecast system. When asked what they would do if given a 1-h lead time, respondents reported that taking shelter was a lesser priority than when given a 15-min lead time, and fleeing the area became a slightly more popular alternative. A majority of respondents also reported the situation would feel less life threatening if given a 1-h lead time. These results suggest that how the public responds to longer lead times may be complex and situationally dependent, and further study must be conducted to ascertain the users for whom the longer lead times would carry the most value. These results form the basis of an informative stated-preference approach to predicting public response to long (>1 h) warning lead times, using public understanding of the risks posed by severe weather events to contextualize lead-time demand. C1 [Hoekstra, S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Riley, R.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Commun, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Riley, R.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Brotzge, J.] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Brooks, H.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Klockow, K.; Erickson, S.] Oklahoma Climatol Survey, Norman, OK USA. RP Hoekstra, S (reprint author), 120 David L Boren Blvd,Suite 2100, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM shoekstra@ou.edu FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0648566, 0313747] FX The corresponding author would like to thank her mentors for all of their support, as well as Daphne LaDue for giving her the opportunity to participate in the Research Experience for Undergraduates Program at the National Weather Center in Norman, Oklahoma. This work is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant ATM-0648566 and by the Engineering Research Centers Program of the National Science Foundation under NSF Award 0313747. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the National Science Foundation. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1948-8327 J9 WEATHER CLIM SOC JI Weather Clim. Soc. PD APR PY 2011 VL 3 IS 2 BP 128 EP 140 DI 10.1175/2011WCAS1076.1 PG 13 WC Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 913EE UT WOS:000301855600007 ER PT J AU Lefort, B Tsang, W AF Lefort, Benoite Tsang, Wing TI High temperature stability of larger aromatic compounds SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Unimolecular reactions; Chemical activation; Toluene; 1-Methylnaphthalene; 1-Methylphenanthrene; High temperatures ID THERMOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; DECOMPOSITION; NAPHTHALENE; RADICALS; SPECTRUM; TOLUENE; PHENYL; SIZE AB This paper considers the rate constants for the following processes: Aromatic Radical + Methyl double left right arrow AromaticCH(3)(+) double right arrow AromaticCH(2) + H AromaticCH(3) where M is the collision partner and aromatic CH(3) is toluene, 1-methylnaphthalene or 1-methylphenanthrene. Rate constants are derived over a range of temperatures and pressures. Primary interest is focused on the effect of molecular size on temperature as well as pressure dependent rate constants. Results are based on the toluene system where comparisons can be made with experimental data and ab initio and RRKM calculations from the literature. A general strategy for deriving rate constants for chemical activated as well as thermal reactions, which is readily extendable to larger molecules, has been validated. The special feature of these reactions is the formation of resonance stabilized aromatic molecules. The results demonstrate the necessity of considering chemical activation processes in most of the cases where excited adducts are formed. These include oxygen addition to radicals as well as soot formation processes involved in ring growth. Chemical activation processes are intimately related to thermal process and their inclusion in current databases where thermal processes are properly represented is mandatory. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Lefort, Benoite; Tsang, Wing] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tsang, W (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wing.tsang@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD APR PY 2011 VL 158 IS 4 SI SI BP 657 EP 665 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.12.020 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 733VG UT WOS:000288291000007 ER PT J AU Francis, TB Schindler, DE Holtgrieve, GW Larson, ER Scheuerell, MD Semmens, BX Ward, EJ AF Francis, Tessa B. Schindler, Daniel E. Holtgrieve, Gordon W. Larson, Eric R. Scheuerell, Mark D. Semmens, Brice X. Ward, Eric J. TI Habitat structure determines resource use by zooplankton in temperate lakes SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Letter DE Allochthony; aquatic-terrestrial coupling; carbon isotopes; deep chlorophyll maxima; habitat heterogeneity; phytoplankton; stable isotopes; zooplankton ID TERRESTRIAL ORGANIC-CARBON; ISOTOPE MIXING MODELS; PLANKTONIC FOOD-WEB; STABLE-ISOTOPES; ALLOCHTHONOUS CARBON; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; OLIGOTROPHIC LAKE; PRIOR INFORMATION; SEASONAL SHIFTS; C-13 ADDITION AB P>While the importance of terrestrial linkages to aquatic ecosystems is well appreciated, the degree of terrestrial support of aquatic consumers remains debated. Estimates of terrestrial contributions to lake zooplankton have omitted a key food source, phytoplankton produced below the mixed layer. We used carbon and nitrogen stable isotope data from 25 Pacific Northwest lakes to assess the relative importance of particulate organic matter (POM) from the mixed layer, below the mixed layer and terrestrial detritus to zooplankton. Zooplankton and deep POM were depleted in 13C relative to mixed layer POM in lakes that can support deep primary production. A Bayesian stable isotope mixing model estimated that terrestrial detritus contributed < 5% to zooplankton production, and confirms the role of lake optical and thermal properties; deep POM accounted for up to 80% of zooplankton production in the clearest lakes. These results suggest terrestrial support of lake zooplankton production is trivial. C1 [Francis, Tessa B.; Scheuerell, Mark D.; Semmens, Brice X.; Ward, Eric J.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Francis, Tessa B.; Holtgrieve, Gordon W.; Scheuerell, Mark D.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Schindler, Daniel E.; Larson, Eric R.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Francis, TB (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM tessa.francis@noaa.gov RI Larson, Eric/H-3528-2012; Holtgrieve, Gordon/C-5371-2009; Francis, Tessa/B-6965-2012; Scheuerell, Mark/N-6683-2016; Larson, Eric/P-8253-2016 OI Holtgrieve, Gordon/0000-0002-4451-3567; Francis, Tessa/0000-0002-3383-5392; Scheuerell, Mark/0000-0002-8284-1254; Larson, Eric/0000-0002-9232-5907 NR 50 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 9 U2 70 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD APR PY 2011 VL 14 IS 4 BP 364 EP 372 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01597.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 732SW UT WOS:000288211000006 PM 21314881 ER PT J AU Wolaver, BD Diehl, TM AF Wolaver, Brad David Diehl, Theresa M. TI Control of regional structural styles and faulting on Northeast Mexico spring distribution SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Geothermal waters and springs; Carbonate hydrology; Hydrogeology; Mexico; Karst; Geophysics ID DETACHMENT FOLDS; GRAVITY; EVOLUTION; COAHUILA; MODELS; BASIN AB Groundwater-dependent, spring-fed ecosystems of the Cuatroci,negas Basin, Coahuila, Mexico, host > 70 endemic species. These desert springs occur primarily aligned along the base of an anticline that bisects the Cuatroci,negas Basin, but the hydrogeologic controls of the springs are poorly understood. The hypothesis that spring locations are controlled by subsurface geology, such as buried anticlines or faulting, versus stratigraphic controls is tested by evaluating: (1) regional structural styles; (2) fracture models of analogous structures; (3) hydrogeologic data; and (4) geophysical surveys. Jurassic and Cretaceous siliciclastic and carbonate rocks deposited on the Coahuila Block west of the Cuatroci,negas Basin have dips < 10A degrees and lack faults because of a structurally rigid granodiorite basement. To the east of the Coahuila Block and around the Cuatroci,negas Basin, the Coahuila Folded Belt has anticlines associated with basement-involved faults, 10-25A degrees backlimb dips, and forelimb dips up to vertical or slightly overturned. Springs in the western sub-basin that represent 85% of total basin discharge are located on zones of highest anticipated fracture density predicted by fracture models of analogous anticlines. Spring waters reveal elevated temperature (32-35A degrees C) and low tritium (< 1 tritium unit). Gravimetry and time-domain electromagnetic surveys correspond with a best-fit Cuatroci,negas Basin hydrogeologic model of fractures associated with reverse faulting controlling spring locations in the western Cuatroci,negas Basin. Springs in the eastern sub-basin are located where ephemeral streams have eroded through confining beds along the base of alluvial fans and lack faulting. Regional variations in structural style are an important control on the location of springs in the Cuatroci,negas Basin. C1 [Wolaver, Brad David] Flinders Univ S Australia, Dept Earth Sci, Sch Environm, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Diehl, Theresa M.] NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Wolaver, BD (reprint author), Flinders Univ S Australia, Dept Earth Sci, Sch Environm, GPO 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. EM brad.wolaver@flinders.edu.au; theresa.diehl@noaa.gov RI Diehl, Theresa/K-2821-2012; Wolaver, Brad/F-9790-2013 OI Diehl, Theresa/0000-0002-3784-435X; Wolaver, Brad/0000-0002-3834-9983 FU Jackson School of Geosciences at The University of Texas at Austin; Geological Society of America; Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies; Tinker Foundation; University of Texas at Austin Institute for Geophysics (UTIG) FX We wish to acknowledge John M. Sharp, Jr. and Dean Hendrickson for their assistance. Partial financial support for this research was provided by the Jackson School of Geosciences at The University of Texas at Austin, the Geological Society of America, the Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies, and the Tinker Foundation. The University of Texas at Austin Institute for Geophysics (UTIG) provided processing support and funding for Diehl. This is UTIG contribution No. 2131. We also wish to acknowledge Jennifer Aschoff, Eric Belz, Gareth Cross, Laura Crossey, Francisco Gonzalez Fela, Juan Carlos Ibarra Flores, John Jansen, Mark Helper, Jack Holt, Neil Hurley, Karl Karlstrom, Arturo Lerma, Randall Marrett, Kim Nguyen, Philip Reikenberg, Juan Manuel Rodriguez, Vsevolod Yutsis, Clark Wilson, and Alma Zertuche. This manuscript was greatly improved by thoughtful reviewers. NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1866-6280 J9 ENVIRON EARTH SCI JI Environ. Earth Sci. PD APR PY 2011 VL 62 IS 7 BP 1535 EP 1549 DI 10.1007/s12665-010-0639-7 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 732VU UT WOS:000288218600017 ER PT J AU Chai, H Lee, JJW Lawn, BR AF Chai, Herzl Lee, James J. -W. Lawn, Brian R. TI On the chipping and splitting of teeth SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Teeth; Enamel; Chipping; Splitting; Critical load; Dietary history ID BRITTLE MATERIALS; EDGE-FLAKING; HUMAN ENAMEL; INDENTATION; FRACTURE; TOUGHNESS; CERAMICS; CRACKS; LINE AB One of the most frequent fracture modes in teeth is chipping. It can lead to deterioration and ultimate loss of tooth function. Chips in enamel can also be used to gain insight into the evolutionary history of extant animal and fossil hominin species. In this study, chipping tests are performed on the surfaces of as-received or flattened human molars using hard indenters. The chips exhibit a characteristic scallop shape, with some influence from tooth curvature as well as from enamel anisotropy and inhomogeneity. Chipping fracture tends to follow easy interprism pathways, but inevitably involves breakage of bundles of mineralized prisms in the last stages of spallation. A simple relation describes how critical loads for chipping scale with distance of the occlusal contact from the specimen edge. Measured loads fall well within the range of biting forces exerted during normal oral function. A transition from chipping to splitting occurs at higher loads for contacts nearer the central axis of the tooth. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chai, Herzl] Tel Aviv Univ, Fac Engn, Sch Mech Engn, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Lee, James J. -W.; Lawn, Brian R.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lawn, Brian R.] George Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, Ctr Adv Study Human Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Chai, H (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Fac Engn, Sch Mech Engn, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. EM herzl@eng.tau.ac.il FU National Science Foundation [0851351]; Israeli Science Foundation [0605414391] FX We wish to thank Peter Lucas and Paul Constantino at the George Washington University and Mark Bush at the University of Western Australia for helpful discussions on this work. Human teeth were supplied by the Paffenbarger Research Center at NIST. Bernhard Zipfel provided the photograph in Fig. 2. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (grant 0851351) and the Israeli Science Foundation (grant 0605414391). NR 27 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1751-6161 J9 J MECH BEHAV BIOMED JI J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. PD APR PY 2011 VL 4 IS 3 BP 315 EP 321 DI 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2010.10.011 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 733BV UT WOS:000288236300011 PM 21316619 ER PT J AU Paul, A Ghosh, C Boettinger, WJ AF Paul, A. Ghosh, C. Boettinger, W. J. TI Diffusion Parameters and Growth Mechanism of Phases in the Cu-Sn System SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INTERMETALLIC GROWTH; THERMODYNAMIC CALCULATION; FORMATION SEQUENCE; FORMATION RULE; EFFECTIVE HEAT; SOLDER ALLOYS; THIN-FILM; COUPLES; SUPERSTRUCTURE; INTERDIFFUSION AB The tracer diffusion coefficients of the elements as well as the integrated interdiffusion coefficients are determined for the Cu(3)Sn and Cu(6)Sn(5) intermetallic compounds using incremental diffusion couples and Kirkendall marker shift measurements. The activation energies are determined for the former between 498 K and 623 K (225 A degrees C and 350 A degrees C) and for the latter between 423 K and 473 K (150 A degrees C and 200 A degrees C). Sn is found to be a slightly faster diffuser in Cu(6)Sn(5), and Cu is found to be the faster diffuser in Cu(3)Sn. The results from the incremental couples are used to predict the behavior of a Cu/Sn couple where simultaneous growth of both intermetallics occurs. The waviness at the Cu(3)Sn/Cu(6)Sn(5) interface and possible reasons for not finding Kirkendall markers in both intermetallics in the Cu/Sn couple are discussed. C1 [Paul, A.; Ghosh, C.] Indian Inst Sci, Dept Mat Engn, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. [Boettinger, W. J.] NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Paul, A (reprint author), Indian Inst Sci, Dept Mat Engn, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. EM william.boettinger@nist.gov FU Department of Science and Technology, Government of India [SR/FTP/ETA-18/2006]; NIST Office of Microelectronic Programs FX One of the authors (AP) acknowledges the financial support received from the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India (Grant No. SR/FTP/ETA-18/2006), for this research work. WJB expresses gratitude to Ursula Kattner, NIST, for computing the thermodynamic parameters for the intermetallic phases and to the NIST Office of Microelectronic Programs for support. NR 39 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 4 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD APR PY 2011 VL 42A IS 4 BP 952 EP 963 DI 10.1007/s11661-010-0592-9 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 733IP UT WOS:000288256700011 ER PT J AU Yoon, SH Payne, WV Domanski, PA AF Yoon, Seok Ho Payne, W. Vance Domanski, Piotr A. TI Residential heat pump heating performance with single faults imposed SO APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Fault detection and diagnosis; Heating mode; Heat pump; Thermostatic expansion valve AB A heat pump equipped with a thermostatic expansion valve (TXV) was tested in environmental chambers during steady-state no-fault and imposed-fault operation. The studied system was an R410A split residential heat pump with an 8.8 kW nominal cooling capacity, Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER) of 13, and Heating Seasonal Performance Factor (HSPF) of 7.8. The imposed faults were compressor valve leakage, outdoor improper air flow, indoor improper air flow, liquid line restriction, refrigerant undercharge, and refrigerant overcharge. Evaporator fouling, condenser fouling, and refrigerant overcharge caused the greatest performance degradation. We observed substantial commonality between sensitive features in the heating and cooling modes; however, several different features were identified for the heating mode as more sensitive. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Payne, W. Vance; Domanski, Piotr A.] NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yoon, Seok Ho] Korea Inst Machinery & Mat, Dept Energy Plant, Taejon 305343, South Korea. RP Payne, WV (reprint author), NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM shyoon@kimm.re.kr; vance.payne@nist.gov NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-4311 J9 APPL THERM ENG JI Appl. Therm. Eng. PD APR PY 2011 VL 31 IS 5 SI SI BP 765 EP 771 DI 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2010.10.023 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Mechanics GA 728SH UT WOS:000287894300023 ER PT J AU Gray, MA Stone, RP McLaughlin, MR Kellogg, CA AF Gray, Michael A. Stone, Robert P. McLaughlin, Molly R. Kellogg, Christina A. TI Microbial consortia of gorgonian corals from the Aleutian islands SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cold-water coral; deep sea; bacteria; mycoplasma ID LOPHELIA-PERTUSA SCLERACTINIA; COLD-WATER CORALS; BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; SP-NOV.; POCILLOPORA-DAMICORNIS; SPECIES ASSOCIATIONS; GEN. NOV.; DIVERSITY; DEEP; SEA AB Gorgonians make up the majority of corals in the Aleutian archipelago and provide critical fish habitat in areas of economically important fisheries. The microbial ecology of the deep-sea gorgonian corals Paragorgea arborea, Plumarella superba, and Cryogorgia koolsae was examined with culture-based and 16S rRNA gene-based techniques. Six coral colonies (two per species) were collected. Samples from all corals were cultured, and clone libraries were constructed from P. superba and C. koolsae. Cultured bacteria were dominated by the Gammaproteobacteria, especially Vibrionaceae, with other phyla comprising < 6% of the isolates. The clone libraries showed dramatically different bacterial communities between corals of the same species collected at different sites, with no clear pattern of conserved bacterial consortia. Two of the clone libraries (one from each coral species) were dominated by Tenericutes, with Alphaproteobacteria dominating the remaining sequences. The other libraries were more diverse and had a more even distribution of bacterial phyla, showing more similarity between genera than within coral species. Here we report the first microbiological characterization of P. arborea, P. superba, and C. koolsae. C1 [Gray, Michael A.; McLaughlin, Molly R.; Kellogg, Christina A.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Stone, Robert P.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK USA. RP Kellogg, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM ckellogg@usgs.gov OI Kellogg, Christina/0000-0002-6492-9455 FU North Pacific Research Board; National Marine Fisheries Service (Alaska Fisheries Science Center) FX The authors especially thank the crew of the RV Velero IV, Delta Oceanographics, and Helmut Lehnert and Dave Carlile for help in collecting the study animals. This project was partially funded by the North Pacific Research Board and National Marine Fisheries Service (Alaska Fisheries Science Center). Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 49 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 76 IS 1 BP 109 EP 120 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2010.01033.x PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 730ZF UT WOS:000288075400010 PM 21223327 ER PT J AU Maranghides, A Mell, W AF Maranghides, Alexander Mell, William TI A Case Study of a Community Affected by the Witch and Guejito Wildland Fires SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Wildfire; Wildland urban interface; WUI; Fire; Fire safety; Fire case study AB Wildland-urban interface (WUI) fires occur when fire spreads through both wildland and community (structures and vegetation) fuels. These fires are capable of causing significant destruction to both the built and the natural environments. When these fires occur under extreme fire danger conditions (e.g., high winds, low humidity) and in areas of significant population (e.g., San Diego, California) firefighters, and other emergency responders, are significantly challenged by the combination of firefighting and aiding the public. This paper presents the results of an in-depth case study of a community of 274 residences which was subjected to two wildland fires (within 2.5 h of each other) during the October 2007 firestorm in southern California. A significant amount of effort was spent obtaining information from residents and emergency responders to determine the fire spread timeline, structure ignition mechanisms, and defensive actions. Of the 274 residences, 245 were within the fire perimeter, 74 were destroyed, and 16 were damaged. When the first fire front arrived, the rate of structure ignitions peaked at 21 per hour. Direct and indirect ember, or firebrand, attack was responsible for the ignition of 2/3 of the destroyed homes. Defensive actions were taken on one of every three homes. Of the 16 damaged homes, 15 were successfully defended. Further study of this community is ongoing to investigate what currently recommended pre-fire hazard reduction actions could be, and were, implemented and their effectiveness at reducing the likelihood of structure ignition. C1 [Maranghides, Alexander; Mell, William] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Maranghides, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Alexander.maranghides@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 47 IS 2 BP 379 EP 420 DI 10.1007/s10694-010-0164-y PG 42 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 709IW UT WOS:000286432700007 ER PT J AU Osborn, W Sadowski, T Shaw, LL AF Osborn, William Sadowski, Tom Shaw, Leon L. TI Dehydrogenation behavior of ball-milled ammonia borane and lithium hydride mixtures SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Ball milling; Hydrogen storage; Ammonia borane; Density functional theory ID HYDROGEN STORAGE MATERIAL; MECHANICAL ACTIVATION; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; AMIDOBORANES; TEMPERATURE; TRANSITION; AMIDE AB Density functional theory calculations reveal that the reaction between ammonia borane and lithium hydride is thermodynamically favorable above -46 degrees C. This reaction takes place during ball milling at 20 degrees C, but can be suppressed when milling is conducted at liquid nitrogen temperature. Cryomilling for 60 min reduces the reaction temperature from similar to 70 degrees C for unmilled powder to below room temperature, indicating that cryomilling can adjust the onset temperature for releasing hydrogen from solid materials that are thermodynamically unstable but with kinetic barriers. (C) 2011 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sadowski, Tom; Shaw, Leon L.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem Mat & Biomol Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Osborn, William] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Shaw, LL (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem Mat & Biomol Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM leon.shaw@uconn.edu RI Osborn, Will/G-4526-2012 FU US Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-FC36-05GO15008] FX This work was supported under the US Department of Energy (DOE) Contract No. DE-FC36-05GO15008. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD APR PY 2011 VL 64 IS 8 BP 737 EP 740 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2010.12.023 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 728XR UT WOS:000287908300012 ER PT J AU Yang, YX Brown, CM Zhao, CX Chaffee, AL Nick, B Zhao, DY Webley, PA Schalch, J Simmons, JM Liu, Y Her, JH Buckley, CE Sheppard, DA AF Yang, Yunxia Brown, Craig M. Zhao, Chunxia Chaffee, Alan L. Nick, Burke Zhao, Dongyuan Webley, Paul A. Schalch, Jacob Simmons, Jason M. Liu, Yun Her, Jae-Hyuk Buckley, C. E. Sheppard, Drew A. TI Micro-channel development and hydrogen adsorption properties in templated microporous carbons containing platinum nanoparticles SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; CARBIDE-DERIVED CARBONS; SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; POWER-LAW APPROACH; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; STORAGE PROPERTIES; SELF-DIFFUSION; POROUS CARBONS; PORE-SIZE; ZEOLITE AB Ordered microporous carbons containing dispersed platinum nanoparticles were fabricated and chosen as suitable models to investigate micro-structure development and hydrogen transport properties of zeolite-templated carbons. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis revealed that the enhanced heat of adsorption is related to the narrow micro-channels templated from the zeolite and the presence of certain C-O groups on the carbon. The lack of a well-defined and intense rotational transition line and the persistent broad H(2) recoil spectrum in neutron scattering results suggests a distribution of binding sites. Most interestingly, hydrogen diffusion occurs on two time scales, consisting of a fast liquid-like jump diffusion on the timescale of picoseconds along with an even faster bulk-like diffusion. The liquid-like motion is characterized by a diffusion constant of (2.1 +/- 0.3) x 10(-8) m(2)/s with an activation energy of ca. 77 K; both values indicate somewhat lower mobility than similar dynamics of H(2) on nanotubes, activated carbon XC-72, or Grafoil, yet greater mobility than that of bulk liquid. These unusual characteristics for hydrogen in carbons are believed to arise from the network of narrow pores in this zeolite-templated image of the zeolite. In fact, the diffusion constants of the templated carbons are extremely similar to those measured for zeolite 13X. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhao, Dongyuan; Webley, Paul A.] Monash Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. [Brown, Craig M.; Simmons, Jason M.; Liu, Yun; Her, Jae-Hyuk] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhao, Chunxia] Wuhan Univ Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Chaffee, Alan L.] Monash Univ, Sch Chem, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. [Schalch, Jacob] Oberlin Coll, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. [Liu, Yun] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Her, Jae-Hyuk] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Her, Jae-Hyuk] GE Global Res, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. [Buckley, C. E.; Sheppard, Drew A.] Curtin Univ Technol, Dept Imaging & Appl Phys, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. RP Webley, PA (reprint author), Monash Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. EM paul.webley@eng.monash.edu.au RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Webley, Paul/A-3717-2008; Sheppard, Drew/C-1964-2013; Buckley, Craig/B-6753-2013; Zhao, Dongyuan/E-5796-2010; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009 OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Webley, Paul/0000-0003-3598-3767; Buckley, Craig/0000-0002-3075-1863; Zhao, Dongyuan/0000-0002-1642-2510; Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355 FU National Hydrogen Materials Alliance (NHMA); Division of Earth Science and Resources Engineering of the Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australia; Monash University; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672]; NIST; US DOE within the Hydrogen Sorption Center of Excellence FX The authors are grateful for Jenny Fegent (CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood) for her helpful advices on paper writing. The support of the National Hydrogen Materials Alliance (NHMA) and Division of Earth Science and Resources Engineering of the Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australia is gratefully acknowledged - via a post-doctoral fellowship (to Yunxia Yang). The authors are also grateful for Monash University for providing financial support. XPS analysis was carried out at the Centre for Materials and Surface Science, La Trobe University. Work at NIST utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672 and was partially supported through the NIST Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) program and US DOE within the Hydrogen Sorption Center of Excellence. We thank Timothy Jenkins for technical assistance during the HFBS measurements. NR 39 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 36 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD APR PY 2011 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1305 EP 1317 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2010.11.050 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 717NR UT WOS:000287055200032 ER PT J AU Nadal, ME Miller, CC Zarobila, C AF Nadal, Maria E. Miller, C. Cameron Zarobila, Clarence TI Reflectance Factor Measurement Systematic Errors Due to Near Infrared Fluorescence SO COLOR RESEARCH AND APPLICATION LA English DT Article DE BCRA tiles; color standards; fluorescence; reflectance factor AB Orange and red ceramic tiles that are widely used as measurement standards for reflectance factor unexpectedly exhibit near infrared fluorescence. Two measurement methods, illuminating the sample with broadband light and spectrally resolving the reflectance or illuminating the sample with monochromatic light and using a broadband detector, are commonly used to measure reflectance factor. The effect this fluorescence component has on the measured reflectance factor utilizing different measurement methods is analyzed. (dagger)Published 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 36, 96-100, 2011; Published online 17 June 2010 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20614 C1 [Nadal, Maria E.; Miller, C. Cameron; Zarobila, Clarence] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nadal, ME (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8442, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM maria.nadal@nist.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0361-2317 J9 COLOR RES APPL JI Color Res. Appl. PD APR PY 2011 VL 36 IS 2 BP 96 EP 100 DI 10.1002/col.20614 PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 727SA UT WOS:000287820300002 ER PT J AU Rukhin, AL Possolo, A AF Rukhin, Andrew L. Possolo, Antonio TI Laplace random effects models for interlaboratory studies SO COMPUTATIONAL STATISTICS & DATA ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Bayes estimators; Degree of equivalence; Heteroscedasticity; Interlaboratory study; Key comparisons; Laplace distribution; Maximum likelihood estimation; Meta-analysis; Random effects model ID KEY COMPARISON DATA; ALGORITHMS; ESTIMATORS AB A model is introduced for measurements obtained in collaborative interlaboratory studies, comprising measurement errors and random laboratory effects that have Laplace distributions, possibly with heterogeneous, laboratory-specific variances. Estimators are suggested for the common median and for its standard deviation. We provide predictors of the laboratory effects, and of their pairwise differences, along with the standard errors of these predictors. Explicit formulas are given for all estimators, whose sampling performance is assessed in a Monte Carlo simulation study. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Rukhin, Andrew L.; Possolo, Antonio] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rukhin, AL (reprint author), NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andrew.rukhin@nist.gov; antonio.possolo@nist.gov NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9473 J9 COMPUT STAT DATA AN JI Comput. Stat. Data Anal. PD APR 1 PY 2011 VL 55 IS 4 BP 1815 EP 1827 DI 10.1016/j.csda.2010.11.016 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 713DU UT WOS:000286716000026 ER PT J AU van der Laan, DC Lu, XF Goodrich, LF AF van der Laan, D. C. Lu, X. F. Goodrich, L. F. TI Compact GdBa2Cu3O7-delta coated conductor cables for electric power transmission and magnet applications SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AXIAL STRAIN; SUPERCONDUCTORS; HTS AB Bundling high-temperature superconductors together to form high-current cables is required in, for instance, power transmission and low-inductance magnet applications. Cabling techniques that have been applied so far have not resulted in compact, mechanically robust, high-current cables that remain flexible. Here, we demonstrate that the cabling technique that we have introduced only recently enables the construction of cables from high-temperature superconducting coated conductors that meet these requirements. We present details of a cable, wound from GdBa2Cu3O7-delta coated conductors, that has an outer diameter of 7.5 mm and a critical current of about 2800 A at 76 K and self-field. The compact size and flexibility make the cable suitable for Navy and Air Force power transmission, and would allow superconducting power transmission lines that have been installed in the electric power grid to be reduced in diameter. The potential of increasing the engineering current density of the cable, while maintaining flexibility, makes them also suitable for high-field magnet applications. C1 [van der Laan, D. C.; Lu, X. F.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [van der Laan, D. C.; Lu, X. F.; Goodrich, L. F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP van der Laan, DC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM danko@boulder.nist.gov RI Lu, Xifeng/D-9582-2011; van der Laan, Danko/L-5098-2016 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability FX The authors thank Ted Stauffer and Fraser Douglas for their technical support, and SuperPower Inc. for providing the copper-plated Hastelloy C-276 substrate used as the dummy conductor. This work was supported in part by the US Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability. Certain commercial materials are referred to in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification implies neither recommendation nor endorsement by NIST, nor that the materials identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 19 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 EI 1361-6668 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 24 IS 4 AR 042001 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/24/4/042001 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 722QW UT WOS:000287450400001 ER PT J AU Ralchenko, Y Draganic, IN Osin, D Gillaspy, JD Reader, J AF Ralchenko, Yu. Draganic, I. N. Osin, D. Gillaspy, J. D. Reader, J. TI Spectroscopy of diagnostically important magnetic-dipole lines in highly charged 3d(n) ions of tungsten SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SPECTRA; IONIZED TUNGSTEN; TOKAMAK PLASMAS; ATOMIC DATA; DENSITY; M1; TRANSITIONS; SEQUENCE; TRAP; CODE AB An electron-beam ion trap (EBIT) is used to measure extreme ultraviolet spectra between 10 and 25 nm from highly charged ions of tungsten with an open 3d shell (W-XLVIII through W-LVI). We found that almost all strong lines are due to the forbidden magnetic-dipole (M1) transitions within 3d(n) ground configurations. A total of 37 previously unknown spectral lines are identified using detailed collisional-radiative (CR) modeling of the EBIT spectra. A level-merging scheme for compactification of rate equations is described. The CR simulations for Maxwellian plasmas show that several line ratios involving these M1 lines can be used to reliably diagnose temperature and density in hot fusion devices. C1 [Ralchenko, Yu.; Draganic, I. N.; Osin, D.; Gillaspy, J. D.; Reader, J.] Natl Inst Stand Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ralchenko, Y (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yuri.ralchenko@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016 OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554 FU Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy; National Research Council FX We thank J. M. Pomeroy, J. N. Tan, and S. M. Brewer for assistance during the first experimental phase of this work. This work is supported, in part, by the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy and by the Research Associateship Programs of the National Research Council. NR 46 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR 31 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 3 AR 032517 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.83.032517 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 743DJ UT WOS:000288997200014 ER PT J AU Sims, JS Hagstrom, SA AF Sims, James S. Hagstrom, Stanley A. TI Hylleraas-configuration-interaction study of the S-1 ground state of neutral beryllium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID CORRELATED GAUSSIAN FUNCTIONS; WAVE FUNCTIONS; VARIATIONAL CALCULATIONS; ATOM; ENERGIES; LI AB Hylleraas-configuration-interaction (Hy-CI) method variational calculations are reported for the S-1 ground state of neutral beryllium. The best nonrelativistic energy obtained was -14.667 356 4 hartree, which is estimated to be accurate to a tenth of a microhartree. C1 [Sims, James S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. [Hagstrom, Stanley A.] Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Hagstrom, Stanley A.] Indiana Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Sims, JS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR 31 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 3 AR 032518 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.83.032518 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 743DJ UT WOS:000288997200005 ER PT J AU Mizukami, N Perica, S Hatch, D AF Mizukami, Naoki Perica, Sanja Hatch, David TI Regional approach for mapping climatological snow water equivalent over the mountainous regions of the western United States SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Snow water equivalent; Regionalization; SNOTEL; Snow climatology ID TELEMETRY SNOTEL DATA; ENERGY-BALANCE; RIVER-BASIN; PRECIPITATION; CATCHMENT; RADIATION; MODEL; INTERPOLATION; REANALYSIS; ALGORITHM AB This paper presents that a simple regional regression-based approach with readily available geographic and meteorological parameters as predictors could be a viable method for mapping snow water equivalent (SWE) climatology in the mountainous areas of the western United States. Such climatological information is potentially useful for several hydrologic applications, including estimation of real-time SWE grids and calibration and evaluation of SWE estimates obtained from remote sensing or through various snow models. Regional delineation for the mountainous regions of the western United States was done through cluster analysis in consideration of the characteristics of seasonal snow pack accumulation and ablation processes. Various geographic and meteorological parameters were further investigated through stepwise regression as potential predictors of monthly changes in climatological SWE in each delineated region. In-situ measurements of SWE, obtained from the Natural Resources Conservation Service's Snow Telemetry network for the period from 1980 to 2004, were used to calibrate regional equations. The spatial and temporal resolution of the analysis was based on the resolution of available meteorological data - 4 km and 1 month, respectively. For a monthly time step, the reliability of the SWE estimates did not significantly increase when the number of regions was more than five. The performance of the developed regional equations was evaluated via a jack-knife technique. The regional equations developed using monthly resolution and large regions provided reliable estimates for the majority of regions from October to March, but not in April, especially in the North Pacific and Southwest regions. Sub-regionalization, a finer time step for the analysis and/or inclusion of additional SWE predictor variables may increase the reliability of SWE climatological estimates for warmer months. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mizukami, Naoki; Perica, Sanja] OHD, NWS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Mizukami, Naoki; Hatch, David] Univ Utah, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Mizukami, N (reprint author), OHD, NWS, 1325 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM naoki.mizukami@noaa.gov RI Mizukami, Naoki/J-7027-2015 FU University of Utah; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Climate Prediction Program for the Americas FX We would like to thank anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments that significantly improved the manuscript. This work was supported in part by the University of Utah SEED grant and by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Climate Prediction Program for the Americas grant. NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAR 30 PY 2011 VL 400 IS 1-2 BP 72 EP 82 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.01.019 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 747MW UT WOS:000289325100006 ER PT J AU Levin, I Cockayne, E Krayzman, V Woicik, JC Lee, S Randall, CA AF Levin, Igor Cockayne, Eric Krayzman, Victor Woicik, Joseph C. Lee, Soonil Randall, Clive A. TI Local structure of Ba(Ti,Zr)O-3 perovskite-like solid solutions and its relation to the band-gap behavior SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTRA; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; BA(TI1-XZRX)O-3 CERAMICS; PHASE-DIAGRAM; BATIO3; RAMAN; SYSTEM AB Local structures in BaTi1-xZrxO3 solid solutions were analyzed using x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements and density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. We demonstrate that for low concentrations of Ti, isolated Ti atoms in the relatively large octahedral sites of the BaZrO3 lattice acquire centrosymmetric coordination with average Ti-O distances shorter than those in BaTiO3. In contrast for higher concentrations of Ti, Ti atoms having one or more Ti as their B-site nearest neighbors undergo polar off-center displacements. Our DFT calculations confirm both effects. These results combined with the previously published data suggest that isolated polarizable ions on the B sites of a relatively expanded host perovskite lattice remain nonpolar by symmetric relaxation of the nearest-neighbor oxygen atoms to yield nearly ideal bond lengths around the dopant species. For neighboring Ti atoms, such symmetric relaxation is impossible, and these atoms are displaced off center. Our XAFS measurements did not detect any significant deviations from a random distribution of Ti and Zr in the present samples except for compositions close to BaTiO3. The DFT calculations suggest that the dominant effect of the local displacements on band-gap values for this system is determined by the shortest Ti-O bonds due to strong Ti 3d-O 2p hybridization; however, local displacements have only a secondary effect on the band-gap behavior. C1 [Levin, Igor; Cockayne, Eric; Krayzman, Victor; Woicik, Joseph C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lee, Soonil; Randall, Clive A.] Penn State Univ, Ctr Dielect Studies, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Levin, I (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010; Lee, Soonil/A-9708-2008; OI Lee, Soonil/0000-0003-2952-5620; Randall, Clive/0000-0002-5478-2699 NR 29 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 105 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 30 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 9 AR 094122 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.094122 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 742LJ UT WOS:000288944800002 ER PT J AU Stock, C Chapon, LC Schneidewind, A Su, Y Radaelli, PG McMorrow, DF Bombardi, A Lee, N Cheong, SW AF Stock, C. Chapon, L. C. Schneidewind, A. Su, Y. Radaelli, P. G. McMorrow, D. F. Bombardi, A. Lee, N. Cheong, S. -W. TI Helical spin waves, magnetic order, and fluctuations in the langasite compound Ba3NbFe3Si2O14 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRIANGULAR ANTIFERROMAGNETS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; PHASE; POLARIZATION; BA2CUGE2O7; BEHAVIOR; CSMNBR3 AB We have investigated spin fluctuations in the langasite compound Ba3NbFe3Si2O14 both in the ordered state and as a function of temperature. The low-temperature magnetic structure is defined by a spiral phase characterized by magnetic Bragg peaks at (q) over right arrow = (0,0,tau similar to 1/7) onset at T-N = 27 K as previously reported by Marty et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 247201 (2008)]. The nature of the fluctuations and temperature dependence of the order parameter is consistent with a classical second-order phase transition for a two-dimensional triangular antiferromagnet. We show that the physical properties and energy scales including the ordering wave vector, Curie-Weiss temperature, and spin waves can be explained through the use of only symmetric exchange constants without the need for a dominant Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. This is accomplished through a set of "helical" exchange pathways along the c direction imposed by the chiral crystal structure and naturally explains the magnetic diffuse scattering, which displays a strong vector chirality up to high temperatures, well above the ordering temperature. This illustrates a strong coupling between magnetic and crystalline chirality in this compound. C1 [Stock, C.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stock, C.] Indiana Univ, Cyclotron Facil, Bloomington, IN 47404 USA. [Chapon, L. C.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Schneidewind, A.] Tech Univ Dresden, Joint Res Grp HZB, Helmholtz Zentrum Mat & Energie, D-85747 Garching, Germany. [Su, Y.] Forschungszentrum Juelich, Outstn FRM 2, Juelich Ctr Neutron Sci, IFF, D-85747 Garching, Germany. [Radaelli, P. G.] Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [McMorrow, D. F.] UCL, London Ctr Nanotechnol, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Bombardi, A.] Diamond Light Source Ltd, Didcot OX11 0DE, Oxon, England. [Lee, N.; Cheong, S. -W.] Rutgers State Univ, Rutgers Ctr Emergent Mat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Lee, N.; Cheong, S. -W.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Stock, C (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cstock@nist.gov RI Radaelli, Paolo/C-2952-2011; Bombardi, Alessandro/J-8098-2012; Su, Yixi/K-9119-2013; McMorrow, Desmond/C-2655-2008; OI Radaelli, Paolo/0000-0002-6717-035X; Su, Yixi/0000-0001-8434-1758; McMorrow, Desmond/0000-0002-4947-7788; Schneidewind, Astrid/0000-0002-7239-9888 FU EU; National Research Foundation of Korea [KRF-2008-220-C00012] FX We are grateful to A. Orszulik (ISIS) and H. Schneider (JCNS) for expert technical support throughout the experiments and to R. Coldea and R. Cowley for helpful discussions. We are indebted to J. Jensen for very helpful comments and suggestions. We are also grateful for grants from the EU-NMI3 Access Program for partial funding of this research. The work at Rugers was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (Grant No. KRF-2008-220-C00012). NR 52 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 30 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 10 AR 104426 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.104426 PG 15 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 742LO UT WOS:000288945400005 ER PT J AU Todua, NG Tretyakov, KV Borisov, RS Zhilyaev, DI Zaikin, VG Stein, SE Mikaia, AI AF Todua, Nino G. Tretyakov, Kirill V. Borisov, Roman S. Zhilyaev, Dmitry I. Zaikin, Vladimir G. Stein, Stephen E. Mikaia, Anzor I. TI Electron ionization mass spectra of alkylated sulfabenzamides SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article AB Mono-, di-and trialkyl derivatives of 'sulfabenzamide' (N-4-aminophenylsulfonylbenzamide) have been prepared and their electron ionization (EI) mass spectra examined. It is found that the fragmentation of N-alkylsulfabenzamides (alkyl = CH(3) to n-C(5)H(11)) proceeds via a very specific rearrangement process. The proposed mechanism involves an intermediate formation of distonic molecular ions, and the driving force for this process is the formation of stable N-alkylphenylcyanide cations [R-N(+) equivalent to CC(6)H(5)]. The findings are confirmed by exact mass measurements, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) experiments and deuterium labeling. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Todua, Nino G.; Tretyakov, Kirill V.; Stein, Stephen E.; Mikaia, Anzor I.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Borisov, Roman S.; Zhilyaev, Dmitry I.; Zaikin, Vladimir G.] RAS, AV Topchiev Petrochem Synth Inst, Moscow 119991, Russia. RP Todua, NG (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8320, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nino.todua@nist.gov FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 6 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD MAR 30 PY 2011 VL 25 IS 6 BP 750 EP 754 DI 10.1002/rcm.4918 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 724SK UT WOS:000287596300009 PM 21337636 ER PT J AU Hoeke, RK Jokiel, PL Buddemeier, RW Brainard, RE AF Hoeke, Ron K. Jokiel, Paul L. Buddemeier, Robert W. Brainard, Russell E. TI Projected Changes to Growth and Mortality of Hawaiian Corals over the Next 100 Years SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; ZONE CHLOROPHYLL FRONT; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; CLIMATE-CHANGE; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; ENVIRONMENTAL-STRESS; CALCIFICATION RATE; ADAPTATION; IMPACTS AB Background: Recent reviews suggest that the warming and acidification of ocean surface waters predicated by most accepted climate projections will lead to mass mortality and declining calcification rates of reef-building corals. This study investigates the use of modeling techniques to quantitatively examine rates of coral cover change due to these effects. Methodology/Principal Findings: Broad-scale probabilities of change in shallow-water scleractinian coral cover in the Hawaiian Archipelago for years 2000-2099 A. D. were calculated assuming a single middle-of-the-road greenhouse gas emissions scenario. These projections were based on ensemble calculations of a growth and mortality model that used sea surface temperature (SST), atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), observed coral growth (calcification) rates, and observed mortality linked to mass coral bleaching episodes as inputs. SST and CO2 predictions were derived from the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) multi-model dataset, statistically downscaled with historical data. Conclusions/Significance: The model calculations illustrate a practical approach to systematic evaluation of climate change effects on corals, and also show the effect of uncertainties in current climate predictions and in coral adaptation capabilities on estimated changes in coral cover. Despite these large uncertainties, this analysis quantitatively illustrates that a large decline in coral cover is highly likely in the 21(st) Century, but that there are significant spatial and temporal variances in outcomes, even under a single climate change scenario. C1 [Hoeke, Ron K.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Hoeke, Ron K.; Brainard, Russell E.] NOAA, CRED, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Jokiel, Paul L.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI USA. [Buddemeier, Robert W.] Kansas Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66044 USA. RP Hoeke, RK (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM hoeke@hawaii.edu RI Hoeke, Ron/F-4085-2014; kohki, sowa/D-2955-2011 OI Hoeke, Ron/0000-0003-0576-9436; FU EPA [R832224-010]; NOAA-NOS MOA; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Office of Atmospheric Programs [68-W-02-027]; Office of Research and Development [R832224] FX This work was partially supported by EPA Star Grant R832224-010 and NOAA-NOS MOA "Research in Support of the NWHI Coral Reef Ecosystem Reserve, HIMB, SOEST, UH Manoa". Additional support was provided by the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program. The COMBO model was developed and tested with the financial support of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Office of Atmospheric Programs (Contract #68-W-02-027) and Office of Research and Development (STAR Grant #R832224). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 56 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 46 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 29 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 3 AR e18038 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0018038 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 743YC UT WOS:000289054600025 PM 21479235 ER PT J AU Chen, ZL Bohnet, JG Sankar, SR Dai, JY Thompson, JK AF Chen, Zilong Bohnet, Justin G. Sankar, Shannon R. Dai, Jiayan Thompson, James K. TI Conditional Spin Squeezing of a Large Ensemble via the Vacuum Rabi Splitting SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-NONDEMOLITION MEASUREMENTS; ENTANGLEMENT; SPECTROSCOPY; STATES; LIMIT AB We use the vacuum Rabi splitting to perform quantum nondemolition measurements that prepare a conditionally spin squeezed state of a collective atomic psuedospin. We infer a 3.4(6) dB improvement in quantum phase estimation relative to the standard quantum limit for a coherent spin state composed of uncorrelated atoms. The measured collective spin is composed of the two-level clock states of nearly 10(6) (87)Rb atoms confined inside a low finesse F = 710 optical cavity. This technique may improve atomic sensor precision and/or bandwidth, and may lead to more precise tests of fundamental physics. C1 [Chen, Zilong] Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Chen, ZL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Chen, Zilong/H-3405-2011 OI Chen, Zilong/0000-0003-4467-8537 FU NSF AMO PFC; NIST; A*STAR Singapore FX We thank V. Vuletic and J. Simon for interesting discussions, A. Hati, D. Howe, K. Lehnert, and L. Sinclair for help with microwaves, and H. S. Ku, S. Moses, and D. Barker for early contributions. This work was supported by the NSF AMO PFC and NIST. Z. C. acknowledges support from A*STAR Singapore. NR 23 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 29 PY 2011 VL 106 IS 13 AR 133601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.133601 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 741XT UT WOS:000288901200010 PM 21517382 ER PT J AU Lewis, JM Kaplan, ML Vellore, R Rabin, RM Hallett, J Cohn, SA AF Lewis, John M. Kaplan, Michael L. Vellore, Ramesh Rabin, Robert M. Hallett, John Cohn, Stephen A. TI Dust storm over the Black Rock Desert: Larger-scale dynamic signatures SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LEE CYCLOGENESIS; ADJUSTMENT; REANALYSIS; TURBULENCE; OZONE AB A dust storm that originated over the Black Rock Desert (BRD) of northwestern Nevada is investigated. Our primary goal is to more clearly understand the sequence of dynamical processes that generate surface winds responsible for entraining dust from this desert. In addition to reliance on conventional surface and upper-air observations, we make use of reanalysis data sets (NCAR/NCEP and NARR)-blends of primitive equation model forecasts and observations. From these data sets, we obtain the evolution of vertical motion patterns and ageostrophic motions associated with the event. In contrast to earlier studies that have emphasized the importance of indirect transverse circulations about an upper-level jet streak, our results indicate that in this case the transition from an indirect to a direct circulation pattern across the exit region of upper-level jet streak is central to creation of low-level winds that ablate dust from the desert. It is further argued that the transition of vertical circulation patterns is in response to adjustments to geostrophic imbalance-an adjustment time scale of 6-9 h. Although unproven, we suggest that antecedent rainfall over the alkali desert 2 weeks prior to the event was instrumental in lowering the bulk density of sediments and thereby improved the chances for dust ablation by the atmospheric disturbance. We comprehensively compare/contrast our results with those of earlier investigators, and we present an alternative view of key dynamical signatures in atmospheric flow that portend the likelihood of dust storms over the western United States. C1 [Lewis, John M.; Rabin, Robert M.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Lewis, John M.; Kaplan, Michael L.; Vellore, Ramesh; Hallett, John] Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Cohn, Stephen A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Observing Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Rabin, Robert M.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Lewis, JM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM john.m.lewis@noaa.gov FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N00014-08-1-0451]; National Science Foundation (NSF) FX We are especially grateful to the graduate students and National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) technical staff who took part in the NCAR/UNR (University of Nevada-Reno) Field Program in the Washoe Valley during February and March 2002. This field program was a major component of the UNR graduate level course in Atmospheric Instrumentation and Observations that was taught by coauthors John Hallett and Steve Cohn. The enthusiastic attitude and the diligent effort of the students and technical support staff to collect data were essential to the project's success. One of the authors, Ramesh Vellore, now a postdoctoral scholar at Desert Research Institute, was a student in that class, and two others, Claudio Mazzoleni and Lynn Reinhart Mazzoleni, now professors of physics and chemistry at Michigan Technical University, respectively, supplied us with the PM10 data. Trond Iversen, a protege of Arnt Eliassen, is credited with supplying us with an insightful view of Eliassen's contributions to secondary circulations in response to dynamic imbalance. The two teams of meteorologists and computer scientists who developed the NCEP/NCAR and NARR reanalysis data sets are commended for creation of these invaluable archives. The four formal JGR-Atmospheres reviewers spent considerable time on the manuscript and offered cogent suggestions for improvement that were followed, and this led to tighter arguments and clarity in presentation. We offer hearty thanks to these individuals. Finally, we thank George Platzman for his excellent set of lecture notes from courses in geophysical dynamics at the University of Chicago notes that included in-depth examination of geostrophic adjustment theory and secondary circulations in response to dynamic imbalance. Jim Howcroft's translation of Obukhov [1949] constituted an important element of these notes. Joan O'Bannon, draftsperson at National Severe Storms Laboratory, assisted us in obtaining electronic versions of the hand-drawn weather maps. J. Lewis and R. Vellore acknowledge support from the Office of Naval Research (ONR) (grant N00014-08-1-0451). Further, Darko Koracin the principal investigator of this ONR project, offered encouragement to pursue this line of research. The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) is sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF). NR 53 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 29 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D06113 DI 10.1029/2010JD014784 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 744HN UT WOS:000289085600003 ER PT J AU Kawahara, G Karpf, JA Myers, JA Alexander, MS Guyon, JR Kunkel, LM AF Kawahara, Genri Karpf, Jeremy A. Myers, Jennifer A. Alexander, Matthew S. Guyon, Jeffrey R. Kunkel, Louis M. TI Drug screening in a zebrafish model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE phosphodiesterase inhibitor; chemical treatment ID PROTEIN-KINASE-A; THEOPHYLLINE; MUSCLE; GENE; DISCOVERY; COMPLEX; MUTANT; MOUSE; FKRP AB Two known zebrafish dystrophin mutants, sapje and sapje-like (sap(c/100)), represent excellent small-animal models of human muscular dystrophy. Using these dystrophin-null zebrafish, we have screened the Prestwick chemical library for small molecules that modulate the muscle phenotype in these fish. With a quick and easy birefringence assay, we have identified seven small molecules that influence muscle pathology in dystrophin-null zebrafish without restoration of dystrophin expression. Three of seven candidate chemicals restored normal birefringence and increased survival of dystrophin-null fish. One chemical, aminophylline, which is known to be a nonselective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, had the greatest ability to restore normal muscle structure and up-regulate the cAMP-dependent PKA pathway in treated dystrophin-deficient fish. Moreover, other PDE inhibitors also reduced the percentage of affected sapje fish. The identification of compounds, especially PDE inhibitors, that moderate the muscle phenotype in these dystrophin-null zebrafish validates the screening protocol described here and may lead to candidate molecules to be used as therapeutic interventions in human muscular dystrophy. C1 [Kawahara, Genri; Karpf, Jeremy A.; Myers, Jennifer A.; Alexander, Matthew S.; Kunkel, Louis M.] Childrens Hosp, Div Genet, Program Genom, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Kawahara, Genri; Karpf, Jeremy A.; Myers, Jennifer A.; Alexander, Matthew S.; Kunkel, Louis M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Kawahara, Genri; Karpf, Jeremy A.; Myers, Jennifer A.; Alexander, Matthew S.; Kunkel, Louis M.] Childrens Hosp, Manton Ctr Orphan Dis Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Myers, Jennifer A.; Alexander, Matthew S.; Kunkel, Louis M.] Howard Hughes Med Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Guyon, Jeffrey R.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Kunkel, LM (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Div Genet, Program Genom, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM kunkel@enders.tch.harvard.edu OI Alexander, Matthew/0000-0001-7406-5171 FU National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [5P50NS040828-09]; Muscular Dystrophy Association; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [2P30HD018655-26] FX We acknowledge members of the L. M. K. laboratory for their experimental advice and help in performing these experiments and drafting this manuscript. In addition, we are grateful to Chris Lawrence and Jason Best, who managed our fish facility, and the Institute of Chemistry and Cell Biology at Harvard Medical School. L. M. K. was an investigator with The Howard Hughes Medical Institute. This work was supported by National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Grant 5P50NS040828-09 and the Muscular Dystrophy Association. All sequencing was accomplished in the Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center Molecular Core Laboratory supported by National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Grant 2P30HD018655-26. NR 31 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 13 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 29 PY 2011 VL 108 IS 13 BP 5331 EP 5336 DI 10.1073/pnas.1102116108 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 741VY UT WOS:000288894800040 PM 21402949 ER PT J AU Chen, F Sirois, AJ Simmonds, RW Rimberg, AJ AF Chen, Fei Sirois, A. J. Simmonds, R. W. Rimberg, A. J. TI Introduction of a dc bias into a high-Q superconducting microwave cavity SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NANOMECHANICAL MOTION; QUANTUM; QUBITS; STATE AB We report a technique for applying a dc voltage or current bias to the center conductor of a high-quality factor superconducting microwave cavity without significantly disturbing selected cavity modes. This is accomplished by incorporating dc bias lines into the cavity at specific locations. The measured S-matrix parameters of the system are in good agreement with theoretical predictions and simulations. We find that at 4 K the quality factor of the cavity degrades by less than 1% under the application of a dc bias. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3573824] C1 [Chen, Fei; Rimberg, A. J.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Sirois, A. J.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Simmonds, R. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Chen, F (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM fei.chen@dartmouth.edu; alexander.j.rimberg@dartmouth.edu FU NSF [DMR-0804488] FX We thank M. P. Blencowe and M. Dykman for helpful conversations, and J. Stettenheim, M. Yuan, and M. Bal for experimental assistance. This work was supported by the NSF under Grant No. DMR-0804488. NR 12 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 28 PY 2011 VL 98 IS 13 AR 132509 DI 10.1063/1.3573824 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 745GJ UT WOS:000289153600050 ER PT J AU Levine, ZH Fan, JY Chen, J Migdall, AL AF Levine, Zachary H. Fan, Jingyun Chen, Jun Migdall, Alan L. TI Polarization-entangled photon pairs from a periodically poled crystalline waveguide SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID PARAMETRIC DOWN-CONVERSION; 2ND HARMONIC-GENERATION; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; HIGH-POWER; KTIOPO4; NARROW; STATES; KTP AB A proposal is made for the generation of polarization-entangled photon pairs from a periodically poled crystal allowing for high collection efficiency, high entanglement, and stable operation. The theory is formulated for colinear propagation for application to waveguides. The key feature of the theory is the use of type II phase matching using both the +1 and -1 diffraction orders of the poling structure. Although these conditions are fairly restrictive in terms of operating parameters, practical operating conditions can be found. For example, we find that a HeNe pump laser may be used for a periodically poled rubidium-doped potassium titanyl phosphate (Rb:KTP) waveguide to yield single mode polarization-entangled pairs. Fidelities of 0.98 are possible under practical conditions. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Levine, Zachary H.; Fan, Jingyun; Chen, Jun; Migdall, Alan L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fan, Jingyun; Chen, Jun; Migdall, Alan L.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Levine, ZH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM zlevine@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA) FX Conversations with Eite Tiesinga are gratefully acknowledged. This work was supported in part by the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA) entangled photon source program. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAR 28 PY 2011 VL 19 IS 7 BP 6724 EP 6740 DI 10.1364/OE.19.006724 PG 17 WC Optics SC Optics GA 741GR UT WOS:000288852700104 PM 21451699 ER PT J AU Ramanathan, A Wright, KC Muniz, SR Zelan, M Hill, WT Lobb, CJ Helmerson, K Phillips, WD Campbell, GK AF Ramanathan, A. Wright, K. C. Muniz, S. R. Zelan, M. Hill, W. T., III Lobb, C. J. Helmerson, K. Phillips, W. D. Campbell, G. K. TI Superflow in a Toroidal Bose-Einstein Condensate: An Atom Circuit with a Tunable Weak Link SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICS; HE-3; FLOW AB We have created a long-lived (approximate to 40 s) persistent current in a toroidal Bose-Einstein condensate held in an all-optical trap. A repulsive optical barrier across one side of the torus creates a tunable weak link in the condensate circuit, which can affect the current around the loop. Superflow stops abruptly at a barrier strength such that the local flow velocity at the barrier exceeds a critical velocity. The measured critical velocity is consistent with dissipation due to the creation of vortex-antivortex pairs. This system is the first realization of an elementary closed-loop atom circuit. C1 [Wright, K. C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wright, KC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kcwright@nist.gov RI Campbell, Gretchen/E-8338-2010; Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Muniz, Sergio/G-6426-2012; Helmerson, Kristian/E-3683-2013; Wright, Kevin/N-3207-2013 OI Campbell, Gretchen/0000-0003-2596-1919; Muniz, Sergio/0000-0002-8753-4659; Ramanathan, Anand/0000-0002-1865-0904; Wright, Kevin/0000-0001-6202-1737 FU ONR; ARO atomtronics MURI; LPS; NSF PFC at JQI FX The authors thank L. Mathey for helpful discussions and R. B. Blakestad for comments on the manuscript. This work was partially supported by ONR, the ARO atomtronics MURI, LPS, and the NSF PFC at JQI. NR 32 TC 189 Z9 190 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 28 PY 2011 VL 106 IS 13 AR 130401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.130401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 741IR UT WOS:000288857900001 PM 21517360 ER PT J AU Sweetman, A Jarvis, S Danza, R Bamidele, J Gangopadhyay, S Shaw, GA Kantorovich, L Moriarty, P AF Sweetman, Adam Jarvis, Sam Danza, Rosanna Bamidele, Joseph Gangopadhyay, Subhashis Shaw, Gordon A. Kantorovich, Lev Moriarty, Philip TI Toggling Bistable Atoms via Mechanical Switching of Bond Angle SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FORCE MICROSCOPY; SILICON; SURFACE; SI(001); DIMERS; MANIPULATION; MOLECULES; DYNAMICS; TIP AB We reversibly switch the state of a bistable atom by direct mechanical manipulation of bond angle using a dynamic force microscope. Individual buckled dimers at the Si(100) surface are flipped via the formation of a single covalent bond, actuating the smallest conceivable in-plane toggle switch (two atoms) via chemical force alone. The response of a given dimer to a flip event depends critically on both the local and nonlocal environment of the target atom-an important consideration for future atomic scale fabrication strategies. C1 [Sweetman, Adam; Jarvis, Sam; Danza, Rosanna; Gangopadhyay, Subhashis; Moriarty, Philip] Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Bamidele, Joseph; Kantorovich, Lev] Kings Coll London, Dept Phys, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Shaw, Gordon A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mass & Force Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sweetman, A (reprint author), Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Jarvis, Samuel/G-5787-2013 OI Moriarty, Philip/0000-0002-9926-9004; Jarvis, Samuel/0000-0003-4031-1519; FU Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC); European Framework 6 training networks PATTERNS and NANOCAGE; University of Nottingham FX We acknowledge financial support from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) and the European Framework 6 training networks PATTERNS and NANOCAGE. We also acknowledge the support of the University of Nottingham High Performance Computing Facility (in particular, Dr. Colin Bannister) and thank Mike Fey of the Nottingham Nanotechnology and Nanoscience Centre for carrying out SEM and EDX measurements of our qPlus and STM tips. Juergen Koeble and Andreas Bettac of Omicron Nanotechnology GmbH provided valuable advice and assistance with regard to our qPlus AFM system, and we are particularly grateful to Oscar Custance for important suggestions with regard to extraction of the short-range force from Delta f-vs-z spectra. We also thank Peter Beton, Neil Curson, Steven Schofield, and Joseph Stroscio for helpful comments and discussion. NR 31 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 33 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 28 PY 2011 VL 106 IS 13 AR 136101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.136101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 741IR UT WOS:000288857900005 PM 21517399 ER PT J AU Nembach, HT Shaw, JM Silva, TJ Johnson, WL Kim, SA McMichael, RD Kabos, P AF Nembach, H. T. Shaw, Justin M. Silva, T. J. Johnson, W. L. Kim, S. A. McMichael, R. D. Kabos, P. TI Effects of shape distortions and imperfections on mode frequencies and collective linewidths in nanomagnets SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-SCATTERING; SPIN-WAVES AB Brillouin light scattering shows that shape distortions in Ni80Fe20 nanomagnets can have a dramatic effect on the measured collective linewidth of certain spin-wave modes. The intentional introduction of quantifiable asymmetric egglike shape distortion to an ideal elliptical structure lifts the degeneracy of end modes with concentrated amplitude at the nanomagnet edges. In contrast, modes with concentrated amplitude at the interior are significantly less affected by the distortion. The splitting of end modes by asymmetric distortions explains the large inhomogeneous linewidth broadening in end modes found in large ensembles of nanomagnets that contain a relatively small statistical variation in the degree of distortion. C1 [Nembach, H. T.; Shaw, Justin M.; Silva, T. J.; Kabos, P.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Johnson, W. L.; Kim, S. A.] NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [McMichael, R. D.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nembach, HT (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Shaw, Justin/C-1845-2008; McMichael, Robert/J-8688-2012; Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013; OI Shaw, Justin/0000-0003-2027-1521; Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642; McMichael, Robert/0000-0002-1372-664X NR 20 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 28 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 9 AR 094427 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.094427 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 741HH UT WOS:000288854300006 ER PT J AU Antonucci, JM Davis, CH Sun, JR O'Donnell, JNR Skrtic, D AF Antonucci, Joseph M. Davis, Cher H. Sun, Jirun O'Donnell, Justin N. R. Skrtic, Drago TI Leachability and cytotoxicity of an experimental polymeric ACP composite SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 71-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982806949 ER PT J AU Chen, DJ Allison, TC Sun, SG Tong, YYJ AF Chen, De-Jun Allison, Thomas C. Sun, Shi-Gang Tong, Yu Ye J. TI Concerted proton-dlectron transfer reaction for ORR on Au in acid solution: An ATR-SEIRAS investigation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20057 USA. Xiamen Univ, State Key Lab Phys Chem Solid Surfaces, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Xiamen, Fujian, Peoples R China. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Computat Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; SKL, PCOSS/D-4395-2013; Sun, S.G./G-3408-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 290-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982802481 ER PT J AU Green, M AF Green, Mark TI Superconductivity in iron chalcogenides SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Green, Mark] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Green, Mark] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 417-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982805201 ER PT J AU Heller, S AF Heller, Stephen TI What is the Internet doing to chemistry and our brains? SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Heller, Stephen] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 52-CINF PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982803470 ER PT J AU Holbrook, D Motabar, D Quinones, O Stanford, B Snyder, S Moss, D AF Holbrook, Dave Motabar, Donna Quinones, Oscar Stanford, Benjamin Snyder, Shane Moss, Donna TI Titanium distribution in a swimming pool: The case for dissolution SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. So Nevada Water Author, Henderson, NV USA. Hazen & Sawyer PC, New York, NY USA. RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 132-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982804448 ER PT J AU Johnson, PM Kundu, S Beers, KL AF Johnson, Peter M. Kundu, Santanu Beers, Kathryn L. TI Molecular mass and kinetic modeling of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) from enzyme catalysis SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Johnson, Peter M.; Kundu, Santanu; Beers, Kathryn L.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 359-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982802752 ER PT J AU Kent, MS Cheng, G Liu, ZL Datta, S Murton, J Jablin, M Majewski, J Halbert, C Browning, J Ankner, J Akgun, B Esker, A Reyes-Ortiz, V Tullman-Ercek, D Simmons, B AF Kent, Michael S. Cheng, Gang Liu, Zelin Datta, Supratim Murton, Jaclyn Jablin, Michael Majewski, Jaroslaw Halbert, Candice Browning, James Ankner, John Akgun, Bulent Esker, Alan Reyes-Ortiz, Vimallier Tullman-Ercek, Danielle Simmons, Blake TI Neutron reflectometry and QCM-D study of the interaction of cellulase enzymes with films of amorphous cellulose SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Joint BioEnergy Inst, Emeryville, CA USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Akgun, Bulent/H-3798-2011; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Tullman-Ercek, Danielle/L-2792-2016 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 495-BIOT PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982802083 ER PT J AU Khodadadi, S Nanda, H Cicerone, M Krueger, S Curtis, JE AF Khodadadi, S. Nanda, H. Cicerone, M. Krueger, S. Curtis, J. E. TI Protein structure in solid-state environments SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 443-BIOT PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982802226 ER PT J AU Khodadadi, S Hoopes, T Marino, JP Krueger, S Curtis, JE AF Khodadadi, S. Hoopes, T. Marino, J. P. Krueger, S. Curtis, J. E. TI Hydrogen/deuterium labeled biological systems for structural and dynamics studies SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Biomol Labeling Lab, Rockville, MD USA. Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD USA. RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 75-BIOL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982801562 ER PT J AU Kulkarni, MM Singh, G Yager, K Akgun, B Satija, S Berry, B Karim, A AF Kulkarni, Manish M. Singh, Gurpreet Yager, Kevin Akgun, Bulent Satija, Sushil Berry, Brian Karim, Alamgir TI Directed assembly of block copolymer film with tunable morphology SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Chem, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. RI Kulkarni, Manish/A-8084-2008; Yager, Kevin/F-9804-2011; Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Akgun, Bulent/H-3798-2011 OI Kulkarni, Manish/0000-0003-3564-1118; Yager, Kevin/0000-0001-7745-2513; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 194-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982807139 ER PT J AU Li, Y Zaluzhna, O Xu, BL Modest, JM Gao, Y Allison, TC Tong, YJ AF Li, Ying Zaluzhna, Oksana Xu, Bolian Modest, Jacob M. Gao, Yuan Allison, Thomas C. Tong, YuYe J. TI Insight into the mechanism of Brust-Schiffirin method for metal nanoparticle synthesis SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20057 USA. Fudan Univ, Dept Chem, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Computat Chem Grp, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Li, Ying/B-9837-2013 OI Li, Ying/0000-0003-3466-4115 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 1098-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982805514 ER PT J AU Mansfield, E Sebby, KB Hooker, S AF Mansfield, Elisabeth Sebby, Karl B. Hooker, Stephanie TI Determining nanoparticle purity and the presence of nanoparticle surface coatings through elevated temperature QCM SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Mansfield, Elisabeth; Sebby, Karl B.; Hooker, Stephanie] NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO USA. RI Mansfield, Elisabeth/C-5258-2012 OI Mansfield, Elisabeth/0000-0003-2463-0966 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 140-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982801427 ER PT J AU Nelson, BC Atha, DH Wang, HH Petersen, EJ Dillon, A Dizdaroglu, M Jaruga, P Xing, BS Holbrook, RD Cleveland, D AF Nelson, Bryant C. Atha, Donald H. Wang, Huanhua Petersen, Elijah J. Dillon, Andrew Dizdaroglu, Miral Jaruga, Pawel Xing, Baoshan Holbrook, R. David Cleveland, Danielle TI Oxidatively induced DNA damage by copper oxide nanoparticles on model ryegrass and radish plants SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Jaruga, Pawel/M-4378-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 136-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982804452 ER PT J AU Page, KA Eastman, SA Kim, S Kang, SH Soles, CL Dura, JA AF Page, Kirt A. Eastman, Scott A. Kim, Sangcheol Kang, Shuhui Soles, Christopher L. Dura, Joseph A. TI Interfacial structure, dynamics, and transport of polyelectrolyte membrane materials for fuel cells SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Dura, Joseph/B-8452-2008 OI Dura, Joseph/0000-0001-6877-959X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 245-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982807149 ER PT J AU Peng, HG Page, KA Snyder, CR Soles, C Panday, A Jeong, Y Runt, J AF Peng, Hua-Gen Page, Kirt A. Snyder, Chad R. Soles, Christopher Panday, Ashoutosh Jeong, Youmi Runt, James TI Broadband dielectric spectroscopy and quasi-elastic neutron scattering on single-ion polymer conductors SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Snyder, Chad/B-4957-2008 OI Snyder, Chad/0000-0002-2916-9809 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 269-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982807213 ER PT J AU Pfefferkorn, CM Heinrich, F Sodt, AJ Pastor, RW Lee, JC AF Pfefferkorn, Candace M. Heinrich, Frank Sodt, Alex J. Pastor, Richard W. Lee, Jennifer C. TI Studying the alpha-synuclein membrane interface by photons and neutrons SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 NHLBI, Lab Mol Biophys, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. NHLBI, Lab Computat Biol, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 109-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982801750 ER PT J AU Roscioli, JR Gisler, AW Ziemkiewicz, MP Nesbitt, DJ AF Roscioli, Jospeh R. Gisler, Andrew W. Ziemkiewicz, Michael P. Nesbitt, David J. TI State-resolved collision dynamics at interfaces: From insulating liquids to molten metals SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 46-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982803906 ER PT J AU Sebby, KB AF Sebby, Karl B. TI Stability and surface coverage of PEG-stabilized gold nanoparticles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Sebby, Karl B.] NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 138-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982801425 ER PT J AU Taurozzi, JS Hackley, VA Wiesner, MR AF Taurozzi, Julian S. Hackley, Vincent A. Wiesner, Mark R. TI Development of characterization approaches and test matrices for the environmental safety assessment of nanomaterials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27706 USA. RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 159-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982804456 ER PT J AU Thomas, AR Webb, P Littnan, C AF Thomas, Amber R. Webb, Paul Littnan, Charles TI Using stable isotope analysis of Hawaiian monk seal pups to determine maternal foraging success SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Roger Williams Univ, Dept Biol, Bristol, RI 02809 USA. Roger Williams Univ, Dept Chem, Bristol, RI 02809 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Honolulu, HI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 433-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982800454 ER PT J AU Van Meter, GA Bingaman, JL Stromberg, CJ Heilweil, EJ AF Van Meter, Glenn A. Bingaman, Jamie L. Stromberg, Christopher J. Heilweil, Edwin J. TI Time-resolved vibrational spectroscopy of [FeFe]-hydrogenase active site model compounds SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Hood Coll, Dept Chem & Phys, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 342-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982806871 ER PT J AU Waters, MS Calizo, I Parekh, S Kundu, S Lin, N Lin-Gibson, S AF Waters, Michael S. Calizo, Irene Parekh, Sapun Kundu, Santanu Lin, Nancy Lin-Gibson, Sheng TI Correlating Raman identification of dental biofilm pathogenic traits using a spatially overlapping multimodal measurement SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Waters, Michael S.; Calizo, Irene; Parekh, Sapun; Kundu, Santanu; Lin, Nancy; Lin-Gibson, Sheng] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 433-BIOT PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982802216 ER PT J AU Wayment, JR Guha, S Tarlov, MJ Zachariah, M Ripple, DC AF Wayment, Joshua R. Guha, Suvajyoti Tarlov, Michael J. Zachariah, Michael Ripple, Dean C. TI Characterization of sub-visible and visible monoclonal antibody aggregates SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 NIST, Proc Sensing Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 352-BIOT PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982801944 ER PT J AU Windom, BC Lovestead, TM Bruno, TJ AF Windom, Bret C. Lovestead, Tara M. Bruno, Thomas J. TI Pressure controlled advanced distillation curve analysis of biodiesel fuels SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Windom, Bret C.; Lovestead, Tara M.; Bruno, Thomas J.] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 338-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982804754 ER PT J AU Zaluzhna, O Li, Y Zangmeister, C Tong, YYJ AF Zaluzhna, Oksana Li, Ying Zangmeister, Chris Tong, Yu Ye J. TI Characterization and interface study of the alkaneselenolate-protected gold nanoparticles synthesized from the organic selenocyanates SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20057 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Li, Ying/B-9837-2013 OI Li, Ying/0000-0003-3466-4115 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 1139-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982805164 ER PT J AU Zammarano, M Maupin, PH Sung, LP Gilman, JW AF Zammarano, Mauro Maupin, Paul H. Sung, Lin-Piin Gilman, Jeffrey W. TI Revealing the interface in cellulose-PE nanocomposites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Amer Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC USA. US DOE, Geosci & Biosci Div, Washington, DC USA. NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 156-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982806930 ER PT J AU Zook, JM Rastogi, V Cleveland, D MacCuspie, RI AF Zook, Justin M. Rastogi, Vinayak Cleveland, Danielle MacCuspie, Robert I. TI Using absorbance as a rapid measure of silver ion dissolution and agglomerate size distribution of gold and silver nanoparticles in complex biological and environmental media verified by analytical ultracentrifugation and ICP-MS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Zook, Justin M.; Rastogi, Vinayak; Cleveland, Danielle; MacCuspie, Robert I.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 686-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982805102 ER PT J AU Zook, JM MacCuspie, RI Locascio, LE Halter, MD Elliott, JT AF Zook, Justin M. MacCuspie, Robert I. Locascio, Laurie E. Halter, Melissa D. Elliott, John T. TI Stable nanoparticle aggregates/agglomerates of different sizes in biological and environmental media: Characterizing agglomerate size and its effect on toxicity SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Zook, Justin M.; MacCuspie, Robert I.; Locascio, Laurie E.; Halter, Melissa D.; Elliott, John T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 163-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982804460 ER PT J AU Shotter, MD AF Shotter, M. D. TI Large-photon-number extraction from individual atoms trapped in an optical lattice SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID POLARIZATION GRADIENTS; MOTT INSULATOR; SINGLE ATOMS; SIMULATION; PHYSICS; GASES; IONS; WAVE AB The atom-by-atom characterization of quantum gases requires the development of novel measurement techniques. One particularly promising new technique demonstrated in recent experiments uses strong fluorescent laser scattering from neutral atoms confined in a short-period optical lattice to measure the positions of individual atoms in the sample. A crucial condition for the measurements is that atomic hopping between lattice sites must be strongly suppressed despite substantial photon recoil heating. This paper models three-dimensional polarization gradient cooling of atoms trapped within a far-detuned optical lattice. The atomic dynamics are simulated using a hybrid Monte Carlo and master-equation analysis in order to predict the frequency of processes which give rise to degradation or loss of the fluorescent signal during measurements. It is shown, consistently with the experimental results, that there exists a wide parameter range in which the lifetime of strongly fluorescing isolated lattice-trapped atoms is limited by background gas collisions rather than radiative processes. In these cases the total number of scattered photons can be as large as 10(8) per atom. The performance of the technique is related to relevant experimental parameters. C1 [Shotter, M. D.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Shotter, M. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Shotter, MD (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. EM mshotter@gmail.com RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU EPSRC (UK); Christ Church College, Oxford (UK); Lindemann Trust (UK); Atomic Physics Division of NIST, Gaithersburg (USA) FX The author would like thank Christopher Foot (Oxford, UK), members of the Quantum Processes and Metrology Group (NIST, Gaithersburg, USA), and the NIST internal referees for their comments, and to acknowledge funding from the EPSRC (UK), Christ Church College, Oxford (UK), the Lindemann Trust (UK), and the Atomic Physics Division of NIST, Gaithersburg (USA). NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR 25 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 3 AR 033420 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.83.033420 PG 18 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 740IK UT WOS:000288785700009 ER PT J AU Ruzicka, JJ Wainwright, TC Peterson, WT AF Ruzicka, James J. Wainwright, Thomas C. Peterson, William T. TI A simple plankton model for the Oregon upwelling ecosystem: Sensitivity and validation against time-series ocean data SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Upwelling; Northern California Current; Oregon; Plankton model; Parameter; Sensitivity; Retention mechanism ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH; COPEPOD POPULATIONS; CURRENT SYSTEM; COASTAL OCEAN; ZOOPLANKTON; RATES; MICROZOOPLANKTON; DYNAMICS; SIZE AB Simple plankton models serve as useful platforms for testing our understanding of the mechanisms underlying ecosystem dynamics. A simple, one-dimensional plankton model was developed to describe the dynamics of nitrate, ammonium, two phytoplankton size-classes, meso-zooplankton, and detritus in the Oregon upwelling ecosystem. Computational simplicity was maintained by linking the biological model to a one-dimensional, cross-shelf physical model driven by the daily coastal upwelling index. The model sacrificed resolution of regional-scale and along-shore (north to south) processes and assumed that seasonal productivity is primarily driven by local cross-shelf Ekman transport of surface waters and upwelling of nutrient-rich water from depth. Our goals were to see how well a simple plankton model could capture the general temporal and spatial dynamics of the system, test system sensitivity to alternate parameter set values, and observe system response to the effective scale of potential retention mechanisms. Model performance across the central Oregon shelf was evaluated against two years (2000-2001) of chlorophyll and copepod time-series observations. While the modeled meso-zooplankton biomass was close in scale to the observed copepod biomass, phytoplankton was overestimated relative to that inferred from the observed surface chlorophyll concentration. Inshore, the system was most sensitive to the nutrient uptake kinetics of diatom-size phytoplankton and to the functional grazing response of meso-zooplankton. Meso-zooplankton was more sensitive to alternate parameter values than was phytoplankton. Reduction of meso-zooplankton cross-shelf advection rates (crudely representing behavioral retention mechanisms) reduced the scale of model error relative to the observed seasonal mean inshore copepod biomass but had little effect of the modeled meso-zooplankton biomass offshore nor upon phytoplankton biomass across the entire shelf. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ruzicka, James J.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Wainwright, Thomas C.; Peterson, William T.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Ruzicka, JJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM jim.ruzicka@oregonstate.edu RI Wainwright, Thomas/F-4550-2010 OI Wainwright, Thomas/0000-0001-5147-479X FU NOAA Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) FX We thank the scientists and crew of the R/V Elakha who conducted the NH Line observations: Leah Feinberg, Jen Menkel, Tracy Shaw, Jay Peterson. We thank Yvette Spitz for comments, discussion, and model-construction advice. Isaac Kaplan provided valuable comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. Funding for this project was provided by the NOAA Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program. NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD MAR 24 PY 2011 VL 222 IS 6 BP 1222 EP 1235 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.01.001 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 739OU UT WOS:000288728300002 ER PT J AU Homeyer, CR Bowman, KP Pan, LL Atlas, EL Gao, RS Campos, TL AF Homeyer, Cameron R. Bowman, Kenneth P. Pan, Laura L. Atlas, Elliot L. Gao, Ru-Shan Campos, Teresa L. TI Dynamical and chemical characteristics of tropospheric intrusions observed during START08 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ROSSBY-WAVE BREAKING; EXTRATROPICAL TROPOPAUSE REGION; MIDLATITUDE LOWER STRATOSPHERE; SUBTROPICAL TROPOPAUSE; LOWERMOST STRATOSPHERE; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; TRANSPORT; EXCHANGE; CIRCULATION; OZONE AB Intrusions of air from the tropical upper troposphere into the extratropical stratosphere above the subtropical jet potentially have a significant impact on the composition of the lowermost stratosphere (the stratospheric part of the "middle world"). We present an analysis of tropospheric intrusion events observed during the Stratosphere-Troposphere Analyses of Regional Transport 2008 (START08) experiment using kinematic and chemical diagnostics. The transport processes operating during each event are discussed using high-resolution model analyses and backward trajectory calculations. Each intrusion observed during START08 can be related to a Rossby wavebreaking event over the Pacific Ocean. Trajectory analysis shows that the intruding air masses can be traced back to the tropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. In situ chemical observations of the tropospheric intrusions are used to estimate the mixing time scales of the observed intrusions through use of a simple box model and trace species with different photochemical lifetimes. We estimate that the time scale for an intrusion to mix with the background stratospheric air is 5 to 6 days. Detailed analysis of small-scale features with tropospheric characteristics observed in the stratosphere suggests frequent irreversible transport associated with tropospheric intrusions. Trace gas distributions and correlations are consistent with the dynamics of the high-resolution NCEP GFS analyses, suggesting that these features are captured by the GFS assimilation and forecast system. A global analysis of intrusion events observed during the START08 time period (April-June 2008) is also given. C1 [Homeyer, Cameron R.; Bowman, Kenneth P.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Atlas, Elliot L.] Univ Miami, RSMAS, MAC, Div Marine & Atmospher Chem, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Pan, Laura L.; Campos, Teresa L.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Gao, Ru-Shan] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Pan, Laura L.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Homeyer, CR (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM chomeyer@tamu.edu; k-bowman@tamu.edu; liwen@ucar.edu; eatlas@rsmas.miami.edu; rushan.gao@noaa.gov; campos@ucar.edu RI Bowman, Kenneth/A-1345-2012; Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Homeyer, Cameron/D-5034-2013; Pan, Laura/A-9296-2008; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Bowman, Kenneth/0000-0002-2667-8632; Homeyer, Cameron/0000-0002-4883-6670; Pan, Laura/0000-0001-7377-2114; FU National Science Foundation [ATM-072225, AGS-1016191] FX We acknowledge the START08 project for access to the aircraft data and motivation for this study. This research was funded by National Science Foundation grants ATM-072225 and AGS-1016191 to Texas A&M University. NR 62 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 24 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D06111 DI 10.1029/2010JD015098 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 741LS UT WOS:000288865800002 ER PT J AU Morris, PJ Johnson, WR Pisani, J Bossart, GD Adams, J Reif, JS Fair, PA AF Morris, Pamela J. Johnson, Wesley R. Pisani, John Bossart, Gregory D. Adams, Jeff Reif, John S. Fair, Patricia A. TI Isolation of culturable microorganisms from free-ranging bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the southeastern United States SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bottlenose dolphin; Tursiops truncatus; Pathogen; Bacteria; Bacterial diversity; Fungi ID INDIAN RIVER LAGOON; SOUTH-CAROLINA; MARINE MAMMALS; FLORIDA; CHARLESTON AB Reports of diseases in marine mammals are increasing worldwide, however our understanding of the microorganisms associated with marine mammals is still limited. In this study, we cultured bacteria and fungi isolated from the upper respiratory tract (blowhole), gastric fluid and anus of 180 wild bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from two estuarine locations along the southeastern Atlantic Coast of the United States. A total of 339 and 491 isolates from Charleston. SC (CHS) and Indian River Lagoon, FL (IRL) dolphins, respectively, were cultured from gastric (70 CHS/82 IRL), fecal (141 CHS/184 IRL), and blowhole (128 CHS/225 IRL) swabs on selective media used for routine clinical microorganisms of human concern. The most frequently cultured Gram-negative bacteria from all sample and study types were Plesiomonas shigelloides, Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Among the Gram-positive bacteria, Clostridium perfringens, Bacillus sp., and Staphylococcus Coag. Neg were the predominant organisms. For fungi, the most abundant species were Candida glabrata, budding yeasts, and Candida tropicalis. Of concern, the MRSA strain of Staphylococcus aureus was detected in the blowhole and gastric swabs from CHS dolphins. In general, a greater prevalence of bacteria and fungi (four-fold increase) were cultured from IRL than CHS animals. Together, these culture-dependent studies, coupled to on-going culture-independent approaches, should help establish a baseline of microorganisms associated with bottlenose dolphins and aid in the identification of organisms responsible for infectious diseases(s) in these animals. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Morris, Pamela J.; Johnson, Wesley R.] Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Morris, Pamela J.] Univ S Carolina, Belle W Baruch Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Pisani, John] Micrim Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33334 USA. [Bossart, Gregory D.] Georgia Aquarium, Atlanta, GA 30313 USA. [Bossart, Gregory D.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Adams, Jeff; Fair, Patricia A.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Reif, John S.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. RP Morris, PJ (reprint author), Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM pjmorris@belle.baruch.sc.edu FU NOAA/NCCOS/CCEHBR; NOAA; Florida Protect Wild Dolphins License Plate Fund FX We thank the numerous researchers and volunteers who participated in the dolphin capture and release studies in South Carolina and Florida. We are especially grateful to Dr. Forrest Townsend, Mr. Larry Fulford, Mr. Larry Hansen, Mr. Eric Zolman, Mr. Steve McCulloch, the NOAA and HBOI staff, the collaborators and veterinarians who provided their expertise. This study was supported through NOAA/NCCOS/CCEHBR, NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program and the Florida Protect Wild Dolphins License Plate Fund. NR 28 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD MAR 24 PY 2011 VL 148 IS 2-4 BP 440 EP 447 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.08.025 PG 8 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 739PM UT WOS:000288730200048 PM 20888150 ER PT J AU Rohwer, T Hellmann, S Wiesenmayer, M Sohrt, C Stange, A Slomski, B Carr, A Liu, YW Miaja-Avila, L Kallane, M Mathias, S Kipp, L Rossnagel, K Bauer, M AF Rohwer, Timm Hellmann, Stefan Wiesenmayer, Martin Sohrt, Christian Stange, Ankatrin Slomski, Bartosz Carr, Adra Liu, Yanwei Miaja-Avila, Luis Kallaene, Matthias Mathias, Stefan Kipp, Lutz Rossnagel, Kai Bauer, Michael TI Collapse of long-range charge order tracked by time-resolved photoemission at high momenta SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID SUPERLATTICE FORMATION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; DENSITY-WAVE; PHASE; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; DIFFRACTION; EXCITATION; SCATTERING; PARTICLE; PULSES AB Intense femtosecond (10(-15) s) light pulses can be used to transform electronic, magnetic and structural order in condensed-matter systems on timescales of electronic and atomic motion(1,2,3). This technique is particularly useful in the study(4,5) and in the control(6) of materials whose physical properties are governed by the interactions between multiple degrees of freedom. Time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy is in this context a direct and comprehensive, energy- and momentum-selective probe of the ultrafast processes that couple to the electronic degrees of freedom(7-10). Previously, the capability of such studies to access electron momentum space away from zero momentum was, however, restricted owing to limitations of the available probing photon energy(10,11). Here, using femtosecond extreme-ultraviolet pulses delivered by a high-harmonic-generation source, we use time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to measure the photoinduced vaporization of a charge-ordered state in the potential excitonic insulator 1T-TiSe(2) (refs 12, 13). By way of stroboscopic imaging of electronic band dispersions at large momentum, in the vicinity of the edge of the first Brillouin zone, we reveal that the collapse of atomic-scale periodic long-range order happens on a timescale as short as 20 femtoseconds. The surprisingly fast response of the system is assigned to screening by the transient generation of free charge carriers. Similar screening scenarios are likely to be relevant in other photoinduced solid-state transitions and may generally determine the response times. Moreover, as electron states with large momenta govern fundamental electronic properties in condensed matter systems(14), we anticipate that the experimental advance represented by the present study will be useful to study the ultrafast dynamics and microscopic mechanisms of electronic phenomena in a wide range of materials. C1 [Rohwer, Timm; Hellmann, Stefan; Wiesenmayer, Martin; Sohrt, Christian; Stange, Ankatrin; Slomski, Bartosz; Kallaene, Matthias; Kipp, Lutz; Rossnagel, Kai; Bauer, Michael] Univ Kiel, Inst Expt & Appl Phys, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. [Carr, Adra; Mathias, Stefan] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Carr, Adra; Mathias, Stefan] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Liu, Yanwei] Univ Calif Berkeley, NSF ERC Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Technol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Liu, Yanwei] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Miaja-Avila, Luis] Univ Texas Austin, Ctr Nano & Mol Sci, Austin, TX 78722 USA. [Mathias, Stefan] Univ Kaiserslautern, Dept Phys, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. [Mathias, Stefan] Univ Kaiserslautern, Res Ctr OPTIMAS, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. RP Bauer, M (reprint author), Univ Kiel, Inst Expt & Appl Phys, Olshaussenstr 40, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. EM rossnagel@physik.uni-kiel.de; bauer@physik.uni-kiel.de RI Rossnagel, Kai/F-8822-2011; Mathias, Stefan/I-4679-2012; Bauer, Michael/G-5111-2016 OI Rossnagel, Kai/0000-0001-5107-0090; Bauer, Michael/0000-0002-4391-9899 FU JILA Physics Frontier Center; German Science Foundation (DFG) [SFB 855]; European Community [GA 253316]; US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; NSF EUV ERC FX M.B. and S.M. thank M. Aeschlimann for support and discussion. M.B. and S.M. also thank M. Murnane and H. Kapteyn for their support through the NSF EUV ERC. A.C. acknowledges support from the JILA Physics Frontier Center. This work was supported by the German Science Foundation (DFG) within the SFB 855 (C.S., M.B., L.K., K.R.) and by the European Community's FP7 under Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship GA 253316 (S.M.). Operation of the Advanced Light Source is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. NR 30 TC 151 Z9 151 U1 12 U2 99 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 24 PY 2011 VL 471 IS 7339 BP 490 EP + DI 10.1038/nature09829 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 739GJ UT WOS:000288702200057 PM 21389987 ER PT J AU Detman, TR Intriligator, DS Dryer, M Sun, W Deehr, CS Intriligator, J AF Detman, T. R. Intriligator, D. S. Dryer, M. Sun, W. Deehr, C. S. Intriligator, J. TI The influence of pickup protons, from interstellar neutral hydrogen, on the propagation of interplanetary shocks from the Halloween 2003 solar events to ACE and Ulysses: A 3-D MHD modeling study SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELD STRENGTH; TERMINATION SHOCK; WIND SPEED; HELIOSPHERE; PREDICTIONS; EXPANSION; FLOW AB We describe our 3-D, time-dependent, MHD solar wind model that we recently modified to include the physics of pickup protons from interstellar neutral hydrogen. The model has a time-dependent lower boundary condition, at 0.1 AU, that is driven by source surface map files through an empirical interface module. We describe the empirical interface and its parameter tuning to maximize model agreement with background (quiet) solar wind observations at ACE. We then give results of a simulation study of the famous Halloween 2003 series of solar events. We began with shock inputs from the Fearless Forecast real-time shock arrival prediction study, and then we iteratively adjusted input shock speeds to obtain agreement between observed and simulated shock arrival times at ACE. We then extended the model grid to 5.5 AU and compared those simulation results with Ulysses observations at 5.2 AU. Next we undertook the more difficult tuning of shock speeds and locations to get matching shock arrival times at both ACE and Ulysses. Then we ran this last case again with neutral hydrogen density set to zero, to identify the effect of pickup ions. We show that the speed of interplanetary shocks propagating from the Sun to Ulysses is reduced by the effects of pickup protons. We plan to make further improvements to the model as we continue our benchmarking process to 10 AU, comparing our results with Cassini observations, and eventually on to 100 AU, comparing our results with Voyager 1 and 2 observations. C1 [Detman, T. R.; Intriligator, D. S.; Dryer, M.; Sun, W.; Deehr, C. S.; Intriligator, J.] Carmel Res Ctr, Santa Monica, CA 90406 USA. [Sun, W.; Deehr, C. S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Intriligator, J.] Bangor Univ, Bangor LL57 2AS, Gwynedd, Wales. [Dryer, M.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Detman, TR (reprint author), Carmel Res Ctr, POB 1732, Santa Monica, CA 90406 USA. EM tmdetman@earthlink.net; devriei@aol.com; murraydryer@msn.com; wsun_1939@yahoo.com; cdeehr@gi.alaska.edu; jamesi@post.harvard.edu FU NASA [NNX08AE40G]; Carmel Research Center FX We thank the NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center for generating and maintaining the archives of WSA source surface maps and making them available. We thank the ACE and Ulysses teams and the NSSDC for the IMF, plasma, and plasma wave data and trajectory information. We thank A. Usmanov for invaluable help in deriving the computational equations in Appendix A. This work was supported in part by NASA grant NNX08AE40G with Carmel Research Center and in part by Carmel Research Center. T. R. Detman thanks the Ubuntu, Octave, OpenOffice.org, and LaTeX open source project communities. NR 37 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 23 PY 2011 VL 116 AR A03105 DI 10.1029/2010JA015803 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 741OK UT WOS:000288872800001 ER PT J AU Moody, G Siemens, ME Bristow, AD Dai, X Karaiskaj, D Bracker, AS Gammon, D Cundiff, ST AF Moody, G. Siemens, M. E. Bristow, A. D. Dai, X. Karaiskaj, D. Bracker, A. S. Gammon, D. Cundiff, S. T. TI Exciton-exciton and exciton-phonon interactions in an interfacial GaAs quantum dot ensemble SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PILLAR MICROCAVITIES; OPTICAL-SPECTRUM; SPECTROSCOPY; WELLS; LOCALIZATION; ROUGHNESS; STATE; BOXES AB Using optical two-dimensional Fourier transform spectroscopy, we report temperature-and excitation-density-dependent measurements of the homogeneous linewidth of the exciton ground-state transition in a single layer of interfacial GaAs quantum dots (QDs). We show that the homogeneous linewidth increases nonlinearly with temperature from 6 to 50 K and that the thermal broadening is well described by an activation term and offset. The absence of a phonon-activation peak in the two-dimensional spectra reveals that elastic scattering of excitons with acoustic phonons via virtual transitions between the ground and excited states significantly contributes to the thermal broadening. We find that the combination of increasing virtual activation energy and exciton-phonon coupling strength with decreasing QD size results in greater thermal broadening for excitons localized in smaller QDs. The homogeneous linewidth also exhibits a strong excitation-density dependence and is shown to increase linearly as the photon density increases from 2 x 10(11) to 1 x 10(12) photons pulse(-1) cm(-2) at 6 K. This trend is attributed to strong coupling of excitons within the same QD and is independent of the quantum-well exciton population density. C1 [Moody, G.; Siemens, M. E.; Bristow, A. D.; Dai, X.; Karaiskaj, D.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Moody, G.; Siemens, M. E.; Bristow, A. D.; Dai, X.; Karaiskaj, D.; Cundiff, S. T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Moody, G.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bracker, A. S.; Gammon, D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Moody, G (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiff@jila.colorado.edu RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Bristow, Alan/F-9703-2013; Moody, Galan/J-5811-2014; Dai, Xingcan/B-3556-2014 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; Moody, Galan/0000-0001-7263-1483; FU National Science Foundation; (U.S.) Department of Energy; Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division Office of Basic Energy Sciences; National Academy of Sciences; National Research Council FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation, the (U.S.) Department of Energy, and the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division Office of Basic Energy Sciences. M.E.S. acknowledges funding from the National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council. NR 31 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 23 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 11 AR 115324 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.115324 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 739EB UT WOS:000288695200004 ER PT J AU Natu, SS Hazzard, KRA Mueller, EJ AF Natu, Stefan S. Hazzard, Kaden R. A. Mueller, Erich J. TI Local Versus Global Equilibration near the Bosonic Mott-Insulator-Superfluid Transition SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM; ATOMS AB We study the time scales for adiabaticity of trapped cold bosons subject to a time-varying lattice potential using a dynamic Gutzwiller mean-field theory. We explain apparently contradictory experimental observations by demonstrating a clear separation of time scales for local dynamics (similar to ms) and global mass redistribution (similar to 1 s). We provide a simple explanation for the short and fast time scales, finding that while density or energy transport is dominated by low energy phonons, particle-hole excitations set the adiabaticity time for fast ramps. We show how mass transport shuts off within Mott-insulator domains, leading to a chemical potential gradient that fails to equilibrate on experimental time scales. C1 [Natu, Stefan S.; Mueller, Erich J.] Cornell Univ, Lab Atom & Solid State, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Hazzard, Kaden R. A.] Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hazzard, Kaden R. A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Natu, SS (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Lab Atom & Solid State, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM ssn8@cornell.edu OI Mueller, Erich/0000-0001-5186-5889 FU Army Research office with funding from the DARPA FX This work was supported in part by a grant from the Army Research office with funding from the DARPA OLE Program. S. N. thanks S. K. Baur for insightful discussions. KRAH thanks Ana Maria Rey for useful discussions and support. NR 25 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 23 PY 2011 VL 106 IS 12 AR 125301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.125301 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 740KW UT WOS:000288793900016 PM 21517320 ER PT J AU Meyer, ER Bohn, JL AF Meyer, Edmund R. Bohn, John L. TI Chemical pathways in ultracold reactions of SrF molecules SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DISSOCIATION-ENERGIES; POLAR-MOLECULES; CA AB We present a theoretical investigation of the chemical reaction SrF + SrF -> products, focusing on reactions at ultralow temperatures. We find that bond swapping SrF + SrF -> Sr(2) + F(2) is energetically forbidden at these temperatures. Rather, the only energetically allowed reaction is SrF + SrF -> SrF(2) + Sr, and even then only singlet states of the SrF(2) trimer can form. A calculation along a reduced reaction path demonstrates that this abstraction reaction is barrierless and proceeds by one SrF molecule "handing off" a fluorine atom to the other molecule. C1 Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Meyer, ER (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM meyere@phys.ksu.edu FU NSF FX We are grateful for support from the NSF. We acknowledge useful discussions with G. Quemener about chemical reaction processes. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR 23 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 3 AR 032714 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.83.032714 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 739DK UT WOS:000288693500004 ER PT J AU Siderius, DW Corti, DS AF Siderius, Daniel W. Corti, David S. TI Extension of scaled particle theory to inhomogeneous hard particle fluids. IV. Cavity growth at any distance relative to a planar hard wall SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; SPHERE FLUID; STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; FREE-ENERGY; RODLIKE PARTICLES; PHASE-SEPARATION; DEPLETION FORCE; RIGID SPHERES; MIXTURES; THERMODYNAMICS AB A completely generalized version of an inhomogeneous scaled particle theory (I-SPT) for hard particle fluids confined by hard walls is presented, whereby the reversible work of cavity insertion can be determined for a cavity of any radius located at any distance from the hard wall. New exact and approximate conditions on the central function (G) over bar of I-SPT are developed, where (G) over bar is related to the average value of the anisotropic density of hard-sphere centers at the surface of the cavity. The predictions of the work of insertion and the form of (G) over bar are quite accurate up to moderate bulk densities as compared to molecular simulation results. The accuracy of I-SPT begins to decline at high densities, due to limitations of certain needed approximations required for a complete description of (G) over bar. Finally, interesting insights into the origin of depletion effects between a hard-sphere solute and the hard wall are generated via this version of I-SPT. The oscillatory nature of depletion forces, exhibiting both attractive and repulsive domains, is found to arise from the interplay between bulk SPT and I-SPT relations. C1 [Siderius, Daniel W.; Corti, David S.] Purdue Univ, Sch Chem Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Siderius, DW (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Siderius, Daniel/E-8116-2011 OI Siderius, Daniel/0000-0002-6260-7727 FU National Science Foundation [0133780] FX This paper is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0133780. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAR 22 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 3 AR 031126 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.83.031126 PN 1 PG 20 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 738ON UT WOS:000288650100001 PM 21517473 ER PT J AU Elia, N Sougrat, R Spurlin, TA Hurley, JH Lippincott-Schwartz, J AF Elia, Natalie Sougrat, Rachid Spurlin, Tighe A. Hurley, James H. Lippincott-Schwartz, Jennifer TI Dynamics of endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery during cytokinesis and its role in abscission SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE superresolution imaging; cell division; centrosomal protein of 55 kDa; mitotic kinesin-like protein 1; Madin-Darby canine kidney cells ID MEDIATED ABSCISSION; CELL-DIVISION; MIDBODY; PROTEIN; CEP55; CENTROSOME; MECHANISMS; SCISSION; SPASTIN; ARCHAEA AB The final stage of cytokinesis is abscission, the cutting of the narrow membrane bridge connecting two daughter cells. The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery is required for cytokinesis, and ESCRT-III has membrane scission activity in vitro, but the role of ESCRTs in abscission has been undefined. Here, we use structured illumination microscopy and time-lapse imaging to dissect the behavior of ESCRTs during abscission. Our data reveal that the ESCRT-I subunit tumor-susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101) and the ESCRT-III subunit charged multivesicular body protein 4b (CHMP4B) are sequentially recruited to the center of the intercellular bridge, forming a series of cortical rings. Late in cytokinesis, however, CHMP4B is acutely recruited to the narrow constriction site where abscission occurs. The ESCRT disassembly factor vacuolar protein sorting 4 (VPS4) follows CHMP4B to this site, and cell separation occurs immediately. That arrival of ESCRT-III and VPS4 correlates both spatially and temporally with the abscission event suggests a direct role for these proteins in cytokinetic membrane abscission. C1 [Elia, Natalie; Sougrat, Rachid; Lippincott-Schwartz, Jennifer] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Dev, Cell Biol & Metab Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Spurlin, Tighe A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. [Hurley, James H.] NIDDKD, Mol Biol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Lippincott-Schwartz, J (reprint author), Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Dev, Cell Biol & Metab Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM JLippin@helix.nih.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; OI Sougrat, Rachid/0000-0001-6476-1886 FU National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Intramural AIDS Targeted Antiviral Program FX We thank Misha Kozlov for mechanistic insights and fruitful discussion. We thank Carl Zeiss Microimaging, LLC for access to the ELYRA PS. 1 microscope and specifically thank Maya Everret for coordinating that access. We also thank Rainer Heintzmann for technical suggestions on SIM acquisition and reconstruction parameters, Mike Davidson for kindly proving the CAAX-tdEOS construct, and Phyllis Hanson for providing the CHMP4A polyclonal antibodies. We thank members of the J.L.-S. laboratory and Jeremy Swan, Angelika Rambold, and Nichole Jonas for help with the illustrations. This research was supported by the Intramural Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, and Intramural AIDS Targeted Antiviral Program. NR 29 TC 141 Z9 142 U1 3 U2 13 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 22 PY 2011 VL 108 IS 12 BP 4846 EP 4851 DI 10.1073/pnas.1102714108 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 739JC UT WOS:000288712200033 PM 21383202 ER PT J AU Stefanoski, S Beekman, M Wong-Ng, W Zavalij, P Nolas, GS AF Stefanoski, Stevce Beekman, Matt Wong-Ng, Winnie Zavalij, Peter Nolas, George S. TI Simple Approach for Selective Crystal Growth of Intermetallic Clathrates SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE clathrate; intermetallic; crystal growth; silicon; alkali-metal ID SILICON; NA; FRAMEWORK; SI; GERMANIUM AB We report on a new method for the synthesis of single-crystal intermetallic clathrates. Alkali-metal is slowly removed from an alkali-silicide precursor by reaction of the vapor phase with spatially separated graphite, in a closed volume under uniaxial pressure, to form single-crystals of the binary intermetallic clathrates Na8Si46 and Na24Si136. Single-crystal structure refinement for Na8Si46 is reported for the first time. For both Na8Si46 and Na24Si136, full occupation of all Si framework sites as well as full Na occupancy in both polyhedra was observed. In addition to comprising a simple method for selective, phase-pure crystal growth of clathrates such as Na8Si46 or Na24Si136 which was previously challenging to achieve, this or similar approaches are applicable in the preparation of new compositions from different alkali-metal precursors. C1 [Stefanoski, Stevce; Beekman, Matt; Nolas, George S.] Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Wong-Ng, Winnie] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zavalij, Peter] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Nolas, GS (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, 4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM gnolas@usf.edu RI Zavalij, Peter/H-3817-2012; Beekman, Matt/I-4470-2014 OI Zavalij, Peter/0000-0001-5762-3469; Beekman, Matt/0000-0001-9694-2286 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-04ER46145] FX S.S., M.B., and G.S.N. acknowledge support from the U.S. Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FG02-04ER46145 for development of the new crystal growth method, SEM and powder XRD measurements, and data analyses. The authors thank Dr. M. Baitinger and Prof. Dr. Yu. Grin for stimulating discussions and Prof. C. R. Bowers for making available preliminary MAS NMR data on Na8Si46 and Na24Si136. NR 35 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAR 22 PY 2011 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1491 EP 1495 DI 10.1021/cm103135k PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 733VK UT WOS:000288291400020 ER PT J AU Bose, R Sridharan, D Solomon, GS Waks, E AF Bose, R. Sridharan, D. Solomon, G. S. Waks, E. TI Large optical Stark shifts in semiconductor quantum dots coupled to photonic crystal cavities SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NANOCAVITY; SPECTROSCOPY; EMISSION; POWER AB We demonstrate large cavity-enhanced optical Stark shifts for a single quantum dot (QD) coupled to a photonic crystal cavity. A maximum Stark shift of 20 GHz is observed for a QD detuned by 104 GHz from the cavity mode. These Stark shifts are attained with extremely low cavity field energies of only ten photons. The changes in the QD emission wavelength are monitored via nonresonant transfer between the QD and cavity mode. Experimental results are compared to theoretical predictions based on the solution to the full master equation and found to be in excellent agreement. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3571446] C1 [Bose, R.; Sridharan, D.; Waks, E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bose, R.; Sridharan, D.; Waks, E.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bose, R.; Sridharan, D.; Solomon, G. S.; Waks, E.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bose, R.; Sridharan, D.; Solomon, G. S.; Waks, E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bose, R (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM rbose@umd.edu OI Bose, Ranojoy/0000-0002-2908-4426 FU DARPA Defense Science Office [W31P4Q0910013]; ARO MURI [W911NF09104]; physics frontier center at the joint quantum institute; ONR applied electromagnetic center [N00014-09-1-1190]; NSF [ECCS-0846494] FX D. Sridharan and R. Bose contributed equally to this work. The authors would like to acknowledge support from a DARPA Defense Science Office Grant (Grant No. W31P4Q0910013), the ARO MURI on Hybrid quantum interactions (Grant No. W911NF09104), the physics frontier center at the joint quantum institute, and the ONR applied electromagnetic center N00014-09-1-1190. E. Waks would like to acknowledge support from an NSF CAREER award (Grant No. ECCS-0846494). NR 27 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 21 PY 2011 VL 98 IS 12 AR 121109 DI 10.1063/1.3571446 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 740PZ UT WOS:000288808200009 ER PT J AU Prisk, TR Tyagi, M Sokol, PE AF Prisk, T. R. Tyagi, M. Sokol, P. E. TI Dynamics of small-molecule glass formers confined in nanopores SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; RELAXATION PROCESSES; PROPYLENE-GLYCOL; ALPHA-RELAXATION; FORMING LIQUIDS; ETHYLENE-GLYCOL; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; TRANSITION; GLYCEROL AB We report a comparative neutron scattering study of the molecular mobility and nonexponential relaxation of three structurally similar glass-forming liquids, isopropanol, propylene glycol, and glycerol, both in bulk and confined in porous Vycor glass. Confinement reduces molecular mobility in all three liquids, and suppresses crystallization in isopropanol. High-resolution quasielastic neutron scattering spectra were fit to Fourier transformed Kohlrausch functions exp[-(t/tau)(beta)], describing the alpha-relaxation processes in these liquids. The stretching parameter beta is roughly constant with wavevector Q and over the temperature range explored in bulk glycerol and propylene glycol, but varies both with Q and temperature in confinement. Average relaxation times are longer at lower temperatures and in confinement. They obey a power law proportional to Q(-gamma), where the exponent gamma is modified by confinement. Comparison of the bulk and confined liquids lends support to the idea that structural and/or dynamical heterogeneity underlies the nonexponential relaxation of glass formers, as widely hypothesized in the literature. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3560039] C1 [Prisk, T. R.; Sokol, P. E.] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Tyagi, M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tyagi, M.] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Prisk, TR (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM tprisk@indiana.edu RI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/M-4693-2014; OI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/0000-0002-4364-7176; Prisk, Timothy/0000-0002-7943-5175 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce [70NANB5H1163]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX This report was prepared by the Indiana University under award 70NANB5H1163 from the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Institute of Standards and Technology or the U.S. Department of Commerce. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. We also wish to thank Paul Rumbach and David Sprinkle for their help in preparing the samples. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 21 PY 2011 VL 134 IS 11 AR 114506 DI 10.1063/1.3560039 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 737VQ UT WOS:000288597700031 PM 21428631 ER PT J AU Wang, XW Huang, QZ Deng, JX Yu, RB Chen, J Xing, XR AF Wang, Xiaowei Huang, Qingzhen Deng, Jinxia Yu, Ranbo Chen, Jun Xing, Xianran TI Phase Transformation and Negative Thermal Expansion in TaVO5 SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MONOPHOSPHATE TUNGSTEN BRONZES; (PO2)4(WO3)2M; MEMBERS; SERIES AB Two phase transformations of TaVO5 were observed by DSC and/or dilatometry measurements in the studied temperature range. X-ray diffraction and neutron powder diffraction structure refinements indicated a phase transformation at -14 degrees C from a monoclinic symmetry with space group P2(1)/c to an orthorhombic symmetry with space group Pnma above this temperature. The rigid TaO6 octahedron in orthorhombic phase becomes nonregular at -14 degrees C, which results in the transition from Pnma to P2(1)/c. TaVO5 was found to be a negative thermal expansion material above room temperature. The calculated volumetric thermal expansion coefficients (TECs) are -8.92 x 10(-6) degrees C-1 in the range of 20-600 degrees C, and -2.19 x 10(-5) degrees C-1 above 600 degrees C, respectively. The negative thermal expansion behavior is accounted for by the tilt of the TaO6 and VO4 polyhedra, where the shrinkage of the VO4 tetrahedra result in the increase of Ta-O-V angles on heating, while the angle of Ta-O1-Ta maintains at 180 in the framework. C1 [Wang, Xiaowei; Deng, Jinxia; Yu, Ranbo; Chen, Jun; Xing, Xianran] Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Dept Phys Chem, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Huang, Qingzhen] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Deng, Jinxia] Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Dept Chem, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. RP Xing, XR (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Dept Phys Chem, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM xing@ustb.edu.cn RI Yu, Ranbo/M-1308-2014; Chen, Jun/M-1669-2015 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [20731001, 50725415, 50904003, 50974015] FX This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20731001, 50725415, 50904003 and 50974015). NR 13 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD MAR 21 PY 2011 VL 50 IS 6 BP 2685 EP 2690 DI 10.1021/ic200003n PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 732KC UT WOS:000288182700082 PM 21338086 ER PT J AU Yang, H Linsky, JL France, K AF Yang, Hao Linsky, Jeffrey L. France, Kevin TI HST/COS SPECTRA OF DF Tau AND V4046 Sgr: FIRST DETECTION OF MOLECULAR HYDROGEN ABSORPTION AGAINST THE Ly alpha EMISSION LINE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; stars: individual (DF Tau, V4046 Sgr); stars: pre-main sequence; ultraviolet: stars ID FLUORESCENT H-2 EMISSION; T-TAURI; ACCRETION DISK; STARS; SAGITTARII; NEBULA; MODELS; HYDRAE AB We report the first detection of molecular hydrogen (H-2) absorption in the Lya emission line profiles of two classical T Tauri stars (CTTSs), DF Tau and V4046 Sgr, observed by the Hubble Space Telescope/ Cosmic Origins Spectrograph. This absorption is the energy source for many of the Lyman-band H-2 fluorescent lines commonly seen in the far-ultraviolet spectra of CTTSs. We find that the absorbed energy in the H-2 pumping transitions from a portion of the Ly alpha line significantly differ from the amount of energy in the resulting fluorescent emission. By assuming additional absorption in the H I Ly alpha profile along our light of sight, we can correct the H-2 absorption/emission ratios so that they are close to unity. The required H I absorption for DF Tau is at a velocity close to the radial velocity of the star, consistent with H I absorption in the edge-on disk and interstellar medium. For V4046 Sgr, a nearly face-on system, the required absorption is between +100 km s(-1) and +290 km s(-1), most likely resulting from H I gas in the accretion columns falling onto the star. C1 [Yang, Hao; Linsky, Jeffrey L.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Yang, Hao; Linsky, Jeffrey L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [France, Kevin] Univ Colorado, CASA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Yang, H (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM haoyang@jilau1.colorado.edu; jlinsky@jilau1.colorado.edu; kevin.france@colorado.edu RI Yang, Hao/F-8396-2014 OI Yang, Hao/0000-0002-9423-2333 FU NASA [NAS 5-26555, NNX08AC146, NAS5-98043] FX Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained from the data archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute. STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. under NASA contract NAS 5-26555.; We would like to thank Nuria Calvet for first suggesting that stellar Ly alpha photons could be reflected off the disk of CTTSs. This work was support by NASA grants NNX08AC146 and NAS5-98043 to the University of Colorado at Boulder. The authors thank the COS Science Team for help with data reduction and useful discussions. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD MAR 20 PY 2011 VL 730 IS 1 AR L10 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/730/1/L10 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 797KJ UT WOS:000293125400010 ER PT J AU Dobrowolski, JA Li, L Jacobson, M Allen, DW AF Dobrowolski, J. A. Li, Li Jacobson, Michael Allen, David W. TI 2010 topical meeting on optical interference coatings: manufacturing problem SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ION-ASSISTED DEPOSITION AB For the 2010 Manufacturing Problem, the participants were required to produce a filter that had normal incidence transmittances of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, and 0.96, respectively, in four separate 60 nm wide bands in the 400 to 700 nm wavelength region. The problem is not unlike those that need to be routinely solved in the telecommunication industry. Nine groups submitted a total of 11 different filters for the contest. The number of layers in the filters received ranged from 28 to 678, and the total metric thicknesses varied between 4,038 and 22, 513 nm. The transmittances of the filters were measured at two independent laboratories. Some of the performances were quite close to the specifications. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Dobrowolski, J. A.; Li, Li] CNR, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. [Jacobson, Michael] Opt Data Associates, Tucson, AZ 85711 USA. [Allen, David W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dobrowolski, JA (reprint author), CNR, 1200 Montreal Rd, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. EM dobrowolski@magma.ca RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAR 20 PY 2011 VL 50 IS 9 BP C408 EP C419 DI 10.1364/AO.50.00C408 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 745LM UT WOS:000289166900065 PM 21460973 ER PT J AU Verkouteren, JR Staymates, JL AF Verkouteren, Jennifer R. Staymates, Jessica L. TI Reliability of ion mobility spectrometry for qualitative analysis of complex, multicomponent illicit drug samples SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Trace detection; Narcotics; Drug mixtures; Ion mobility spectrometry ID PLASMA CHROMATOGRAPHY; MIXTURE; COCAINE; HEROIN AB Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) has been used for trace analysis of illicit drugs, but it can also provide reliable qualitative analysis of bulk forensic drug items, despite the complexity of these samples. The drug/drug and drug/excipient combinations representing over 80% of the samples reported by state and federal forensic laboratories over the past 7 years were compiled from reports of the National Forensic Laboratory Information System (NFLIS). From this set of materials, IMS detection windows were set for eight controlled substances, including methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine hydrochloride (MDMA), cocaine, heroin, fentanyl, hydrocodone, oxycodone, and alprazolam. The reduced mobilities of the eight controlled substances were measured over an extended period of time to determine variability with respect to the size of the detection windows. Uncertainties in reduced mobilities smaller than 0.001 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) were obtained, and detection windows were set to between +/- 0.003 and +/- 0.005 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1). Reduced mobilities are instrument and operating condition dependent, and must be determined for each instrument. Peak overlaps are observed in the drug/drug combinations, but at least one controlled substance can be detected in each mixture. Excipient concentrations must be quite high (> 75 wt%) in binary mixtures to interfere with the detection of the controlled substance. IMS can be used to identify many of the excipients, and can detect multiple (for these samples, as many as 4) substances in complex samples. Over-the-counter (OTC) tablet medications for cold, flu, and allergy relief can be distinguished from tablets containing controlled substances. Bulk materials, including tablets, are sampled simply by using a fine probe to restrict the amount of material transferred to the IMS substrate. IMS represents a distinct advantage over color tests for field analysis of illicit drugs, except in the case of cannabis/THC samples. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Verkouteren, Jennifer R.; Staymates, Jessica L.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Staymates, JL (reprint author), 100 Bur Dr Mailstop 8371, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jessica.staymates@nist.gov FU Office of Law Enforcement Standards (OLES) at NIST FX This work was funded by the Office of Law Enforcement Standards (OLES) at NIST. We thank the Montgomery County (MD) Police Department (MCPD) Crime Laboratory for providing samples and the DEA Mid-Atlantic Laboratory for providing samples and analyses. NR 28 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 5 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0379-0738 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT JI Forensic Sci.Int. PD MAR 20 PY 2011 VL 206 IS 1-3 BP 190 EP 196 DI 10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.08.005 PG 7 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 732PO UT WOS:000288200400056 PM 20828951 ER PT J AU Dole, R Hoerling, M Perlwitz, J Eischeid, J Pegion, P Zhang, T Quan, XW Xu, TY Murray, D AF Dole, Randall Hoerling, Martin Perlwitz, Judith Eischeid, Jon Pegion, Philip Zhang, Tao Quan, Xiao-Wei Xu, Taiyi Murray, Donald TI Was there a basis for anticipating the 2010 Russian heat wave? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANOMALIES AB The 2010 summer heat wave in western Russia was extraordinary, with the region experiencing the warmest July since at least 1880 and numerous locations setting all-time maximum temperature records. This study explores whether early warning could have been provided through knowledge of natural and human-caused climate forcings. Model simulations and observational data are used to determine the impact of observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs), sea ice conditions and greenhouse gas concentrations. Analysis of forced model simulations indicates that neither human influences nor other slowly evolving ocean boundary conditions contributed substantially to the magnitude of this heat wave. They also provide evidence that such an intense event could be produced through natural variability alone. Analysis of observations indicate that this heat wave was mainly due to internal atmospheric dynamical processes that produced and maintained a strong and long-lived blocking event, and that similar atmospheric patterns have occurred with prior heat waves in this region. We conclude that the intense 2010 Russian heat wave was mainly due to natural internal atmospheric variability. Slowly varying boundary conditions that could have provided predictability and the potential for early warning did not appear to play an appreciable role in this event. Citation: Dole, R., M. Hoerling, J. Perlwitz, J. Eischeid, P. Pegion, T. Zhang, X.-W. Quan, T. Xu, and D. Murray (2011), Was there a basis for anticipating the 2010 Russian heat wave?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L06702, doi: 10.1029/2010GL046582. C1 [Dole, Randall; Hoerling, Martin] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Perlwitz, Judith; Eischeid, Jon; Pegion, Philip; Zhang, Tao; Quan, Xiao-Wei; Xu, Taiyi; Murray, Donald] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Dole, R (reprint author), NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM martin.hoerling@noaa.gov RI Perlwitz, Judith/B-7201-2008; Pegion, Philip/E-5247-2012 OI Perlwitz, Judith/0000-0003-4061-2442; FU NOAA Climate Program Office FX The study is supported in part by the NOAA Climate Program Office. The CFS forecast data were provided by Wanqui Wang of NOAA's Climate Prediction Center. The comments provided by William Neff and Klaus Wolter are gratefully acknowledged. NR 19 TC 167 Z9 171 U1 3 U2 55 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 19 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L06702 DI 10.1029/2010GL046582 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 782JJ UT WOS:000292004000001 ER PT J AU Wu, LM Seo, DJ Demargne, J Brown, JD Cong, SZ Schaake, J AF Wu, Limin Seo, Dong-Jun Demargne, Julie Brown, James D. Cong, Shuzheng Schaake, John TI Generation of ensemble precipitation forecast from single-valued quantitative precipitation forecast for hydrologic ensemble prediction SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ensemble forecast; Precipitation; Bivariate meta-Gaussian distribution; Normal quantile transform; Statistical analysis ID PROBABILISTIC FORECASTS; MODEL; RAINFALL; SPACE; VERIFICATION; CALIBRATION AB Reliable and skillful precipitation ensemble forecasts are necessary to produce reliable and skilful hydrologic ensemble forecasts. It is well known that, in general, raw precipitation ensemble forecasts from the numerical weather prediction (NWP) models are not very reliable and that, for short-range prediction, human forecasters add significant skill to the NWP-generated single-valued quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPF). In this paper, we describe and evaluate a statistical procedure for producing precipitation ensemble forecasts from single-valued QPFs. The procedure is based on the bivariate probability distribution between the observed precipitation and the single-valued QPF. The distribution is modeled as a mixed-type in which the relationship between the positive observed precipitation and positive forecast precipitation is assumed to be bivariate meta-Gaussian. We also describe and comparatively evaluate a generalized meta-Gaussian model in which the model parameter is optimized by minimizing the mean Continuous Ranked Probability Score. The performance of these procedures is assessed through dependent and cross validation using data for selected river basins in the service areas of the Arkansas-Red Basin, California-Nevada and Middle-Atlantic River Forecast Centers of the National Weather Service. The validation results show that, overall, the precipitation ensembles generated by the proposed procedures are reliable and capture the skill in the conditioning single-valued forecasts very well. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wu, Limin; Seo, Dong-Jun; Demargne, Julie; Brown, James D.; Cong, Shuzheng; Schaake, John] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Wu, Limin] Wyle Informat Syst, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Seo, Dong-Jun; Demargne, Julie; Brown, James D.; Cong, Shuzheng] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Wu, LM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, 1325 EW Hwy,8th Floor, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM limin.wu@noaa.gov FU National Weather Service (NWS); Climate Program Office (CPO); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) FX This work is supported by the Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS) program of the National Weather Service (NWS), and by the Climate Predictions Program for the Americas (CPPA) of the Climate Program Office (CPO), both of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). These supports are gratefully acknowledged. The first author would like to thank Bingzhang Lin, formerly of the NWS Office of Hydrologic Development for helpful suggestions. We are grateful to Ned Pryor of MARFC, Bill Lawrence of ABRFC, and Rob Hartman of CNRFC for providing the data and feedback during the course of this work. We thank the editor and the anonymous referees for their valuable comments that lead to improved content and clarity of this work. NR 32 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAR 18 PY 2011 VL 399 IS 3-4 BP 281 EP 298 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.01.013 PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 740XU UT WOS:000288828500014 ER PT J AU Shotter, MD AF Shotter, M. D. TI Design of a technique to measure the density of ultracold atoms in a short-period optical lattice in three dimensions with single-atom sensitivity SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MOTT INSULATOR; ACCORDION AB A measurement technique is described that has the potential to map the atomic site occupancies of ultracold atoms in a short-period three-dimensional optical lattice. The method uses accordion and pinning lattices, together with polarization gradient cooling and fluorescence detection, to measure the positions of individual atoms within the sample in three dimensions at a resolution of around half the atomic resonant wavelength. The method measures the site occupancy, rather than the parity of the site occupancy, of atoms in the lattice. It is expected that such measurements hold significant potential for the study of ultracold quantum dynamics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Shotter, MD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8423, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mshotter@gmail.com RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU EPSRC; Christ Church (Oxford); Lindemann Trust; Atomic Physics Division of NIST (Gaithersburg, MD, USA) FX The author would like to thank C. Foot (Oxford) and the members of the Quantum Processes and Metrology Group (NIST Gaithersburg, MD, USA), and to acknowledge funding from the EPSRC, Christ Church (Oxford), The Lindemann Trust, and the Atomic Physics Division of NIST (Gaithersburg, MD, USA). NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR 18 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 3 AR 033617 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.83.033617 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 736YN UT WOS:000288531000006 ER PT J AU Pino, JM Wild, RJ Makotyn, P Jin, DS Cornell, EA AF Pino, J. M. Wild, R. J. Makotyn, P. Jin, D. S. Cornell, E. A. TI Photon counting for Bragg spectroscopy of quantum gases SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE AB We demonstrate a photon-counting technique for detecting Bragg excitation of an ultracold gas of atoms. By measuring the response of the light field to the atoms, we derive a signal independent of traditional time-of-flight atom-imaging techniques. With heterodyne detection we achieve photon shot-noise limited detection of the amplification or depletion of one of the Bragg laser beams. Photon counting for Bragg spectroscopy will be useful for strongly interacting gases where atom-imaging detection fails. In addition, this technique provides the ability to resolve the evolution of excitations as a function of pulse duration. C1 [Pino, J. M.] Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Quantum Phys Div, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Pino, JM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Quantum Phys Div, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Wild, Robert/I-1963-2013 OI Wild, Robert/0000-0002-4800-5172 FU Office of Naval Research; National Science Foundation FX We acknowledge useful conversations with J. Ye and the JILA ultracold atom collaboration. This work is supported by the Office of Naval Research and the National Science Foundation. NR 13 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR 17 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 3 AR 033615 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.83.033615 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 736QT UT WOS:000288509900006 ER PT J AU Hucker, M von Zimmermann, M Gu, GD Xu, ZJ Wen, JS Xu, GY Kang, HJ Zheludev, A Tranquada, JM AF Huecker, M. v. Zimmermann, M. Gu, G. D. Xu, Z. J. Wen, J. S. Xu, Guangyong Kang, H. J. Zheludev, A. Tranquada, J. M. TI Stripe order in superconducting La2-xBaxCuO4 (0.095 <= x <= 0.155) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURAL PHASE-TRANSITIONS; COPPER-OXIDE SUPERCONDUCTORS; HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; LOW-TEMPERATURE PHASE; MAGNETIC ORDER; CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTORS; LATTICE INSTABILITIES; DOPED LA2CUO4; NORMAL-STATE; LA1.6-XND0.4SRXCUO4 AB The correlations between stripe order, superconductivity, and crystal structure in La2-xBaxCuO4 single crystals have been studied by means of x-ray and neutron diffraction as well as static magnetization measurements. The derived phase diagram shows that charge stripe order (CO) coexists with bulk superconductivity in a broad range of doping around x = 1/8, although the CO order parameter and correlation length fall off quickly for x not equal 1/8. Except for x = 0.155, the onset of CO always coincides with the transition between the orthorhombic and the tetragonal or less orthorhombic low-temperature structures. The CO transition evolves from a sharp drop at low x to a more gradual transition at higher x, eventually falling below the structural phase boundary for optimum doping. With respect to the interlayer CO correlations, we find no qualitative change of the stripe stacking order as a function of doping, and in-plane and out-of-plane correlations disappear simultaneously at the transition. Similarly to the CO, the spin stripe order (SO) is also most pronounced at x = 1/8. Truly static SO sets in below the CO and coincides with the first appearance of in-plane superconducting correlations at temperatures significantly above the bulk transition to superconductivity (SC). Indications that bulk SC causes a reduction of the spin or charge stripe order could not be identified. We argue that CO is the dominant order that is compatible with SC pairing but competes with SC phase coherence. Comparing our results with data from the literature, we find good agreement if all results are plotted as a function of x' instead of the nominal x, where x' represents an estimate of the actual Ba content, extracted from the doping dependence of the structural transition between the orthorhombic phase and the tetragonal high-temperature phase. C1 [Huecker, M.; Gu, G. D.; Xu, Z. J.; Wen, J. S.; Xu, Guangyong; Tranquada, J. M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [v. Zimmermann, M.] DESY, Hamburger Synchrotronstrahlungslab, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. [Kang, H. J.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zheludev, A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hucker, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Tranquada, John/A-9832-2009; Xu, Guangyong/A-8707-2010; Wen, Jinsheng/F-4209-2010; xu, zhijun/A-3264-2013; Gu, Genda/D-5410-2013 OI Tranquada, John/0000-0003-4984-8857; Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275; Wen, Jinsheng/0000-0001-5864-1466; xu, zhijun/0000-0001-7486-2015; Gu, Genda/0000-0002-9886-3255 FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; US DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX Work at Brookhaven is supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, US Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. J.S.W. and Z.J.X. are supported by the Center for Emergent Superconductivity, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the US DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. SPINS at NCNR is supported by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. M.H. thanks B. Buchner for warm hospitality at the IFW-Dresden where parts of the manuscript were written. NR 83 TC 110 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 53 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 17 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 10 AR 104506 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.104506 PG 16 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 736RC UT WOS:000288510800005 ER PT J AU Harris, JM Iyer, GRS Simien, DO Fagan, JA Huh, JY Chung, JY Hudson, SD Obrzut, J Douglas, JF Stafford, CM Hobbie, EK AF Harris, John M. Iyer, Ganjigunte R. S. Simien, Daneesh O. Fagan, Jeffrey A. Huh, Ji Yeon Chung, Jun Young Hudson, Steven D. Obrzut, Jan Douglas, Jack F. Stafford, Christopher M. Hobbie, Erik K. TI Structural Stability of Transparent Conducting Films Assembled from Length Purified Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; POLYMER; COMPOSITES; MECHANICS; NANOMECHANICS; PERCOLATION; SEPARATION; NETWORKS; RATIO AB Single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films show significant promise for transparent electronics applications that demand mechanical flexibility, but durability remains an outstanding issue. In this work, thin membranes of length purified single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are uniaxially and isotropically compressed by depositing them on prestrained polymer substrates. Upon release of the strain, the topography, microstructure, and conductivity of the films are characterized using a combination of optical/fluorescence microscopy, light scattering, force microscopy, electron microscopy, and impedance spectroscopy. Above a critical surface mass density, films assembled from nanotubes of well-defined length exhibit a strongly nonlinear mechanical response. The measured strain dependence reveals a dramatic softening that occurs through an alignment of the SWCNTs normal to the direction of prestrain, which at small strains is also apparent as an anisotropic increase in sheet resistance along the same direction. At higher strains, the membrane conductivities increase due to a compression-induced restoration of conductive pathways. Our measurements reveal the fundamental mode of elasto-plastic deformation in these films and suggest how it might be suppressed. C1 [Harris, John M.; Iyer, Ganjigunte R. S.; Hobbie, Erik K.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Phys, Dept Coatings & Polymer Mat, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Simien, Daneesh O.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Fagan, Jeffrey A.; Huh, Ji Yeon; Chung, Jun Young; Hudson, Steven D.; Obrzut, Jan; Douglas, Jack F.; Stafford, Christopher M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hobbie, EK (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Phys, Dept Coatings & Polymer Mat, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. EM erik.hobbie@ndsu.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Hobbie, Erik/C-8269-2013; OI Fagan, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1483-5554; Obrzut, Jan/0000-0001-6667-9712 FU NSF [CMMI-0969155]; DOE [DE-FG36-08GO88160] FX Certain equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper to adequately specify the experimental details. Such identification does not imply recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply the materials are necessarily the best available for the purpose. E.K.H. acknowledges the support of the NSF through CMMI-0969155 (JH) and the DOE through DE-FG36-08GO88160 (SI). We also thank Thuy Chastek, Benjamin Forsythe, and Steven Ruckdashel for assistance with the measurements. NR 46 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAR 17 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 10 BP 3973 EP 3981 DI 10.1021/jp200250j PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 731NG UT WOS:000288113400021 ER PT J AU Mason, SE Trainor, TP Chaka, AM AF Mason, Sara E. Trainor, Thomas P. Chaka, Anne M. TI Hybridization-reactivity relationship in Pb(II) adsorption on alpha-Al2O3-water interfaces: A DFT Study SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID BOND-VALENCE DETERMINATION; 1ST-PRINCIPLES MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; OXIDE-WATER INTERFACES; 0001 SURFACE; AB-INITIO; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SORPTION PRODUCTS; ALUMINA SURFACES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION AB We report on a density functional theory study aimed at comparing the reactivity of differently structured alpha-Al2O3 water interfaces as probed through adsorption of the Pb(II) cation. We assign the Pb-O bonding in Pb(II)/Al2O3 geometries to in plane and out orbital contributions. From our analysis, the empirically known greater Pb(II) reactivity of alpha-Al2O3(1 (1) over bar 02) over alpha-Al2O3(0001) is ascribed to the ability of oxygen functional groups in the corrugated (1 (1) over bar 02) interface to hybridize more effectively with Pb(II) electronic states than oxygen functional groups in the topographically flat (0001) interface. The theoretical evidence of a Pb-O hybridization-reactivity relationship goes beyond bond-valence predictions that cite oxygen functional group coordination as a key predictor of mineral water interface reactivity. We also report the details of adsorption-induced surface relaxations, including an example of surface hydrogen bond rearrangement, as well as evidence of long-range Pb-O interaction. To further assess the bonding saturation of lead in the optimized Pb(II)/Al2O3 structures, molecular H2O adsorption studies are carried out and shown to support that the cation coordination is largely satisfied through interactions with surface functional groups. C1 [Mason, Sara E.; Chaka, Anne M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Trainor, Thomas P.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Mason, SE (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM sara-mason@uiowa.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU NSF [CBWT-0404400, CHE-0431425]; SERDP [ER-1770]; Arctic Region Supercomputing Center at the University of Alaska Fair-banks; Helix Systems Biowulf cluster at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; National Research Council (NRC) FX This work was supported by NSF Grants CBWT-0404400 and CHE-0431425 and SERDP Grant ER-1770 and utilized the high-performance computational capabilities of the Arctic Region Supercomputing Center at the University of Alaska Fair-banks and Helix Systems Biowulf cluster at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. S.E.M. was supported by a National Research Council (NRC) Postdoctoral Fellowship. We acknowledge Dr. Christopher R. Iceman for insightful research discussions. NR 105 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAR 17 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 10 BP 4008 EP 4021 DI 10.1021/jp108201f PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 731NG UT WOS:000288113400025 ER PT J AU Mihailescu, M Vaswani, RG Jardon-Valadez, E Castro-Roman, F Freites, JA Worcester, DL Chamberlin, AR Tobias, DJ White, SH AF Mihailescu, Mihaela Vaswani, Rishi G. Jardon-Valadez, Eduardo Castro-Roman, Francisco Freites, J. Alfredo Worcester, David L. Chamberlin, A. Richard Tobias, Douglas J. White, Stephen H. TI Acyl-Chain Methyl Distributions of Liquid-Ordered and -Disordered Membranes SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION DATA; BILAYER STRUCTURE DETERMINATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; PARTICLE MESH EWALD; X-RAY; LIPID-BILAYERS; JOINT REFINEMENT; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; CELL-MEMBRANES AB A central feature of the lipid raft concept is the formation of cholesterol-rich lipid domains. The introduction of relatively rigid cholesterol molecules into fluid liquid-disordered (L(d)) phospholipid bilayers can produce liquid-ordered (Lo) mixtures in which the rigidity of cholesterol causes partial ordering of the flexible hydrocarbon acyl chains of the phospholipids. Several lines of evidence support this concept, but direct structural information about L(o) membranes is lacking. Here we present the structure of L(o) membranes formed from cholesterol and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC). Specific deuteration of the DOPC acyl-chain methyl groups and neutron diffraction measurements reveal an extraordinary disorder of the acyl chains of neat L(d) DOPC bilayers. The disorder is so great that > 20% of the methyl groups are in intimate contact with water in the bilayer interface. The ordering of the DOPC acyl chains by cholesterol leads to retraction of the methyl groups away from the interface. Molecular dynamics simulations based on experimental systems reveal asymmetric transbilayer distributions of the methyl groups associated with each bilayer leaflet. C1 [Mihailescu, Mihaela; Freites, J. Alfredo; Worcester, David L.; White, Stephen H.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Mihailescu, Mihaela; Freites, J. Alfredo; Worcester, David L.; White, Stephen H.] Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Biomembrane Syst, Irvine, CA USA. [Vaswani, Rishi G.; Jardon-Valadez, Eduardo; Freites, J. Alfredo; Chamberlin, A. Richard; Tobias, Douglas J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Chamberlin, A. Richard] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Irvine, CA USA. [Jardon-Valadez, Eduardo; Freites, J. Alfredo; Tobias, Douglas J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Inst Surface & Interface Sci, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Mihailescu, Mihaela; Worcester, David L.; White, Stephen H.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Castro-Roman, Francisco] Inst Politecn Natl, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Worcester, David L.] Univ Missouri, Div Biol, Columbia, MO USA. RP White, SH (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. EM stephen.white@uci.edu RI White, Stephen/B-1053-2009; Tobias, Douglas/B-6799-2015 OI White, Stephen/0000-0001-8540-7907; FU National Institutes of Health (NIGMS) [GM74737]; NIGMS [GM86685]; NINDS; National Science Foundation [CHE-0750175]; UC MEXUS-CONACyT FX This work was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health (NIGMS grant GM74737 to S.H.W., Program Project GM86685 from NIGMS and NINDS to S.H.W., D.T., and R.C.) and the National Science Foundation (grant CHE-0750175 to D.T.). E.J.-V. was supported by a UC MEXUS-CONACyT postdoctoral fellowship. Computer time was provided by the National Science Foundation-supported TeraGrid resources at the Texas Advanced Computing Center, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, provided the neutron research facilities used for the neutron diffraction experiments. The identification of any commercial product or trade name does not imply any endorsement or recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 45 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 33 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD MAR 16 PY 2011 VL 100 IS 6 BP 1455 EP 1462 DI 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.01.035 PG 8 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 741UD UT WOS:000288889700009 PM 21402027 ER PT J AU Paik, DH Perkins, TT AF Paik, D. Hern Perkins, Thomas T. TI Overstretching DNA at 65 pN Does Not Require Peeling from Free Ends or Nicks SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL STABILITY; MOLECULES; ELASTICITY; TRANSITION; TENSION; BACK AB DNA exhibits a remarkable mechanical transition where its extension increases by 70% at 65 pN. Notwithstanding more than a decade of experimental and theoretical studies, there remains a significant debate on the nature of overstretched DNA We developed a topologically closed but rotationally unconstrained DNA assay, which contains no nicks or free ends. DNA in this assay exhibited the canonical overstretching transition at 65 pN but without hysteresis upon retraction (v(stage) = 5 mu m/s). Introduction of a controlled nick led to hysteresis in the force-extension curve. Moreover, the degree of hysteresis increased with the number of nicks. Hence, the generation of single-stranded DNA from free ends or nicks is not an obligatory step in overstretching DNA, but rather a consequence. C1 [Paik, D. Hern; Perkins, Thomas T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Perkins, TT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM tperkins@jila.colorado.edu OI Perkins, Thomas/0000-0003-4826-9490 FU NIST FX We thank Wayne Halsey for DNA preparation and Rebecca Montange for critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by NIST. T.T.P. is a staff member of NIST's Quantum Physics Division. NR 21 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2011 VL 133 IS 10 BP 3219 EP 3221 DI 10.1021/ja108952v PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 735JK UT WOS:000288410100001 PM 21207940 ER PT J AU He, F Wang, W Chen, W Xu, T Darling, SB Strzalka, J Liu, Y Yu, LP AF He, Feng Wang, Wei Chen, Wei Xu, Tao Darling, Seth B. Strzalka, Joseph Liu, Yun Yu, Luping TI Tetrathienoanthracene-Based Copolymers for Efficient Solar Cells SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LOW-BANDGAP POLYMER; DONOR-ACCEPTOR HETEROJUNCTIONS; POWER CONVERSION EFFICIENCY; SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; SEMICONDUCTING POLYMERS; PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS; HIGH-PERFORMANCE AB A series of semiconducting copolymers (PTAT-x) containing extended pi-conjugated tetrathienoanthracene units have been synthesized. It was shown that the extended conjugation system enhanced the pi-pi stacking in the polymer/PC61 BM blend films and facilitated the charge transport in heterojunction solar cell devices. After structural fine-tuning, the polymer with bulky 2-butyloctyl side chains (PTAT-3) exhibited a PCE of 5.6% when it was blended with PC61BM. C1 [He, Feng; Wang, Wei; Xu, Tao; Yu, Luping] Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [He, Feng; Wang, Wei; Xu, Tao; Yu, Luping] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Chen, Wei; Darling, Seth B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Strzalka, Joseph] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Liu, Yun] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Yun] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Yu, LP (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, 929 E 57th St, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM Lupingyu@uchicago.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Chen, Wei/G-6055-2011; Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; He, Feng/J-2878-2014 OI Chen, Wei/0000-0001-8906-4278; Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; He, Feng/0000-0002-8596-1366 FU NSF; AFOSR; NSF-MRSEC (The University of Chicago); Solarmer Energy Inc.; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We acknowledge financial support from NSF, AFOSR, NSF-MRSEC (The University of Chicago). The works described here were also partially supported by Solarmer Energy Inc. Use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory and the Center for Nanoscale Materials was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 22 TC 108 Z9 111 U1 9 U2 65 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2011 VL 133 IS 10 BP 3284 EP 3287 DI 10.1021/ja1110915 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 735JK UT WOS:000288410100018 PM 21332135 ER PT J AU Rivnay, J Noriega, R Northrup, JE Kline, RJ Toney, MF Salleo, A AF Rivnay, Jonathan Noriega, Rodrigo Northrup, John E. Kline, R. Joseph Toney, Michael F. Salleo, Alberto TI Structural origin of gap states in semicrystalline polymers and the implications for charge transport SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RAY-DIFFRACTION PATTERNS; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; HIGH-MOBILITY; ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTORS; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; CARRIER MOBILITY; CRYSTALLINE; DISORDER; TEXTURE AB We quantify the degree of paracrystalline disorder in the pi-pi stacking direction of crystallites of a high performing semicrystalline semiconducting polymer with advanced x-ray line-shape analysis. Using density functional theory calculations to provide input to a simple tight-binding model, we obtain the density of states of a system of pi-pi stacked polymer chains with increasing amounts of paracrystalline disorder. We find that, for an aligned film of PBTTT, the paracrystalline disorder is 7.3%. This type of disorder induces a tail of trap states with a breadth of similar to 100 meV as determined through calculation. This finding agrees with previous device modeling and provides physical justification for the mobility edge model. C1 [Rivnay, Jonathan; Noriega, Rodrigo; Salleo, Alberto] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Northrup, John E.] Xerox Corp, Palo Alto Res Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Kline, R. Joseph] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Toney, Michael F.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Rivnay, J (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008 FU National Science Foundation; Center for Advanced Molecular Photovoltaics [KUS-C1-015-21]; AFOSR [FA9550-09-1-0436] FX Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. A. S. and J. R. gratefully acknowledge financial support from the National Science Foundation. This publication was partially based on work supported by the Center for Advanced Molecular Photovoltaics (Award No. KUS-C1-015-21), made by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST). Work at the Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) was supported by AFOSR Grant No. FA9550-09-1-0436. The authors thank Drs. Iain McCulloch and Martin Heeney (Imperial College, UK) for providing the PBTTT samples. NR 35 TC 94 Z9 94 U1 7 U2 67 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 16 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 12 AR 121306 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.121306 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 735VE UT WOS:000288447600001 ER PT J AU Overland, JE Wang, MY Bond, NA Walsh, JE Kattsov, VM Chapman, WL AF Overland, James E. Wang, Muyin Bond, Nicholas A. Walsh, John E. Kattsov, Vladimir M. Chapman, William L. TI Considerations in the Selection of Global Climate Models for Regional Climate Projections: The Arctic as a Case Study SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SIMULATIONS; ENSEMBLE; BUDGET AB Climate projections at regional scales are in increased demand from management agencies and other stake-holders. While global atmosphere ocean climate models provide credible quantitative estimates of future climate at continental scales and above, individual model performance varies for different regions, variables, and evaluation metrics-a less than satisfying situation. Using the high-latitude Northern Hemisphere as a focus, the authors assess strategies for providing regional projections based on global climate models. Starting with a set of model results obtained from an "ensemble of opportunity," the core of this procedure is to retain a subset of models through comparisons of model simulations with observations at both continental and regional scales. The exercise is more one of model culling than model selection. The continental-scale evaluation is a check on the large-scale climate physics of the models, and the regional-scale evaluation emphasizes variables of ecological or societal relevance. An additional consideration is given to the comprehensiveness of processes included in the models. In many but not all applications, different results are obtained from a reduced set of models compared to relying on the simple mean of all available models. For example, in the Arctic the top-performing models tend to be more sensitive to greenhouse forcing than the poorer-performing models. Because of the mostly unexplained inconsistencies in model performance under different selection criteria, simple and transparent evaluation methods are favored. The use of a single model is not recommended. For some applications, no model may be able to provide a suitable regional projection. The use of model evaluation strategies, as opposed to relying on simple averages of ensembles of opportunity, should be part of future synthesis activities such as the upcoming Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. C1 [Overland, James E.] NOAA, PMEL, Seattle, WA 98185 USA. [Wang, Muyin; Bond, Nicholas A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Walsh, John E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Kattsov, Vladimir M.] Voeikov Main Geophys Observ, St Petersburg, Russia. [Chapman, William L.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Overland, JE (reprint author), NOAA, PMEL, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98185 USA. EM james.e.overland@noaa.gov RI Wang, Muyin/K-4006-2014 FU Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement [NA17RJ1232]; NOAA [NA10OAR4310055]; NSF [ARC-0652838, OPP-0520112, OPP-0652838, 08-05-00569] FX We acknowledge the modeling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP3 multimodel dataset. Support of this dataset is provided by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. We appreciate the organizational support to host workshops to discuss the use of CMIP3 models from the Arctic Council AMAP Climate Group and the underway SWIPA - Snow, Water, Ice and Permafrost in the Arctic Review, Ecosystem Studies of Sub-Arctic Seas (ESSAS), and Working Group 20 of PICES. JEO, MW, and NAB appreciate the support of the NOAA Arctic Project, the NOAA FATE Project, and the AYK Project. This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1232. JEW was supported by NOAA Grant NA10OAR4310055 and NSF Grant ARC-0652838, while WLC was supported by NSF Grant OPP-0520112. VMK was supported by NSF Grant OPP-0652838 and RFBR Grant 08-05-00569. NR 29 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR 15 PY 2011 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1583 EP 1597 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3462.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 754PT UT WOS:000289869400002 ER PT J AU Vecchi, GA Knutson, TR AF Vecchi, Gabriel A. Knutson, Thomas R. TI Estimating Annual Numbers of Atlantic Hurricanes Missing from the HURDAT Database (1878-1965) Using Ship Track Density SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONE ACTIVITY; GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC MODEL; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SIMULATIONS; VARIABILITY; INTENSITY; FREQUENCY; TREND AB This study assesses the impact of imperfect sampling in the presatellite era (between 1878 and 1965) on North Atlantic hurricane activity measures and on the long-term trends in those measures. The results indicate that a substantial upward adjustment of hurricane counts may be needed prior to 1965 to account for likely "missed" hurricanes due to sparse density of reporting ship traffic. After adjusting for the estimate of missed hurricanes in the basin, the long-term (1878-2008) trend in hurricane counts changes from significantly positive to no significant change (with a nominally negative trend). The adjusted hurricane count record is more strongly connected to the difference between main development region (MDR) sea surface temperature (SST) and tropical-mean SST than with MDR SST. These results do not support the hypothesis that the warming of the tropical North Atlantic due to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions has caused Atlantic hurricane frequency to increase. C1 [Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Knutson, Thomas R.] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Vecchi, GA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, Forrestal Campus,US Route 1, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM gabriel.a.vecchi@noaa.gov RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X NR 49 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR 15 PY 2011 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1736 EP 1746 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3810.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 754PT UT WOS:000289869400011 ER PT J AU Mo, KC Berbery, EH AF Mo, Kingtse C. Berbery, Ernesto H. TI Drought and Persistent Wet Spells over South America Based on Observations and the US CLIVAR Drought Experiments SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; PACIFIC DECADAL OSCILLATION; WINTER STORM TRACK; LA-NINA EVENTS; LOW-LEVEL JET; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; EL-NINO; NORTHEAST BRAZIL; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; PRECIPITATION ANOMALIES AB This study employs observations and the model simulations from the U.S. Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) Drought Working Group to examine extreme precipitation events like drought and wet spells that persist more than one season over South America. These events tend to persist over northeastern Brazil, the Guianas, and the west coast of Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. They are least likely to persist over southeastern South America, which includes Uruguay, southern Brazil, and northeastern Argentina. The U.S. CLIVAR simulations, particularly those of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Atmosphere Model, version 3.5 (CAM3.5), capture satisfactorily the impact of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the north tropical Atlantic (NTA) sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) signals on persistent extreme events and reproduce the mechanisms inducing the teleconnection patterns. The cold (warm) ENSO favors wetness (dryness) over Venezuela. Colombia, and northeastern Brazil and dryness (wet spells) over southeastern South America and southern Argentina. The NTA SSTAs alone tend to have a more local impact affecting mostly over northern South America in March May. The simulations show that when the two modes (ENSO and NTA) act in concert, the effects may become noticeable in different and remote areas of the continent, as they shift the probability of drought and persistent wet spells over different regions of South America. The impact is strong when the ENSO and the NTA are in opposite phases. For the cold (warm) Pacific and warm (cold) Atlantic, droughts (persistent wet spells) are intensified over southeastern South America, while persistent wet spells (droughts) are favored over the northern part of the continent. The changes in the patterns are regional and not as intense when both oceans are warm (or cold). C1 [Mo, Kingtse C.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Berbery, Ernesto H.] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Mo, KC (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM kingtse.mo@noaa.gov RI Berbery, Ernesto/F-4560-2010 OI Berbery, Ernesto/0000-0003-2587-3345 FU NOAA (CPPA) [NA09OAR4310189]; NASA [NNX08AE50G] FX The authors are grateful to Brant Liebmann, who offered substantive suggestions to improve the manuscript. The comments of Pedro Silva Dias and two anonymous reviewers helped clarify several aspects of the article. This work was carried out as a part of a U.S. CLIVAR drought working group activity supported by NASA, NOAA, and NSF to coordinate and compare climate model simulations forced with a common set of idealized SST patterns. The authors thank NASA's Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) for making the NSIPP1 runs available, the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University for making their CCM3 runs available, NOAA's Climate Prediction Center (CPC) Climate Test Bed (CTB) for making the GFS runs available, NOAA's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) for making the AM2.1 runs available, the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) for making the CAM3.5 runs available, and the Center for Ocean Land Atmosphere (COLA) and the University of Miami's Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science for making the CCSM3.0 coupled model runs available. This project is supported by the NOAA (CPPA) Grant NA09OAR4310189 and NASA Project NNX08AE50G. NR 76 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR 15 PY 2011 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1801 EP 1820 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3874.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 754PT UT WOS:000289869400015 ER PT J AU Kirby, BJ Lau, JW Williams, DV Bauer, CA Miller, CW AF Kirby, B. J. Lau, J. W. Williams, D. V. Bauer, C. A. Miller, Casey W. TI Impact of interfacial magnetism on magnetocaloric properties of thin film heterostructures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; REFRIGERATION; MULTILAYERS AB Polarized neutron reflectometry was used to determine the depth profile of the magnetic moment per Gd atom, m(Gd), in a Gd(30 nm)/W(5 nm) multilayer. Despite sharp interfaces observed by transmission electron microscopy, m(Gd) is systematically suppressed near the Gd-W interfaces. Because the peak magnetic entropy change is proportional to m(Gd)(2/3), this results in a reduction of the maximum achievable magnetocaloric effect in Gd-W heterostructures. By extension, our results suggest that creating materials with Gd-ferromagnet interfaces may increase the m(Gd) relative to the bulk, leading to enhanced magnetocaloric properties. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3555101] C1 [Kirby, B. J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lau, J. W.] NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Williams, D. V.; Bauer, C. A.; Miller, Casey W.] Univ S Florida, Ctr Integrated Funct Mat, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Kirby, BJ (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bkirby@nist.gov RI Miller, Casey /H-4252-2011; Lau, June/C-7509-2013 FU AFOSR-YIP; NSF-FGLSAMP [0217675]; USAMRMC FX Work at USF was supported by AFOSR-YIP; the NSF-FGLSAMP Bridge to the Doctorate award HRD#0217675 (D.V.W.); C.I.F.M. is supported by the USAMRMC. The authors gratefully acknowledge contributions from Sandy Claggett and J.A. Borchers of NIST. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 15 PY 2011 VL 109 IS 6 AR 063905 DI 10.1063/1.3555101 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 745EY UT WOS:000289149900083 ER PT J AU Jones, TT Hastings, MD Bostrom, BL Pauly, D Jones, DR AF Jones, T. Todd Hastings, Mervin D. Bostrom, Brian L. Pauly, Daniel Jones, David R. TI Growth of captive leatherback turtles, Dermochelys coriacea, with inferences on growth in the wild: Implications for population decline and recovery SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Age-at-maturity; Demographics; Fishery interaction; Growth function; Growth rate; Turtle husbandry ID SEATURTLES CHELONIA-MYDAS; LOGGERHEAD SEA-TURTLES; IMMATURE GREEN TURTLES; CARETTA-CARETTA; NORTH-ATLANTIC; AGE; CONSERVATION; RATES; JELLYFISH; MATURITY AB Leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) are endangered, and declining population trends suggest that they are vulnerable to becoming extinct in the Pacific Ocean. Population recovery depends on strong conservation measures (e.g., nest protection, reduction of bycatch, and foraging habitat preservation) and on how fast leatherbacks grow and reach maturity, making the latter of grave concern. The research reported here marks the first time that several leatherback turtles have been maintained in captivity for nearly 2 years, from hatchlings (6.31 +/- 0.13 cm straight carapace length (SCL) and 46.0 +/- 1 g) to juveniles (largest, 72.0 cm SCL and 42.65 kg). Leatherbacks maintained an average growth rate of 31.9 +/- 2.8 cm year(-1) in SCL throughout the study period. A length-mass relationship of the form, mass (kg) = 0.000214*SCL (cm) 2.86, fitted our data and data from four other captive studies, 11 wild juveniles, and five studies of adult leatherbacks. Von Bertalanffy, Gompertz and logistic growth functions predicted age-at-maturity for leatherbacks of 16.1, 8.7 and 6.8 years, respectively. The accuracy of these age-at-maturity estimates is discussed in the light of skeletochronological studies as well as estimates obtained from conservation and genetic studies. Our data, in combination with data from sightings, suggest that leatherbacks spend their early years (0 to 5 years of age) growing in the warmer waters of the tropical and subtropical seas before entering cooler temperate waters. Information obtained from turtles incidentally captured in fisheries, supplemented with growth curve data, indicates that leatherbacks are vulnerable to entanglement or hooking in various pelagic gear types, such as drift gill nets and longline within 3 years from nest emergence. Consequently, leatherbacks are exposed to threats from marine fisheries for > 80% of their early life before carapace length characteristic of reproductive maturity is attained. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jones, T. Todd; Hastings, Mervin D.; Bostrom, Brian L.; Jones, David R.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Jones, T. Todd] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Pauly, Daniel] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Jones, TT (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, 6270 Univ Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM Todd.Jones@noaa.gov; MHastings@gov.vg; bbostrom@interchange.ubc.ca; d.pauly@fisheries.ubc.ca; jones@zoology.ubc.ca FU NSERC; US NOAA/NMFS (SWFSC PIFSC) FX This work would not have been possible without the help and cooperation of G. Frett and A. Pickering of the Conservation and Fisheries Department (CFD), British Virgin Islands. Also, we thank the CFD, BVI for granting us permission to study and collect leatherbacks. Our gratitude also goes to C. Wabnitz (Fisheries Centre, UBC) for invaluable assistance and J. Seminoff, T. Eguchi and C. Wabnitz for comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. We thank L McNaughton for formatting and proofreading the manuscript. We thank D. Lund (Zoology, UBC) for keeping track of our rearing data. We thank J. Wyneken, B. Prince, M. Conti and NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center for data on stranded, and bycaught juvenile leatherbacks. We also thank T. Sellman, D. Lund, K. Kwon, A. Houlihan, A. Shamlou, C. Lefroy, A. Pei, J. Latinder, D. Miller, A. Stevenson, A. Yamada, V. Prilesky, R. Vaisman, E. Kume, O. Claque, E. Cheng, A. Todd, A. Kwong, B. Woo, S. Ibrahim, and K. Sorenson for their care of the leatherbacks housed at the Animal Care Center, Department of Zoology, UBC as well as A. Vanderhorst and S. Gopaul (Turtle emergency care), B. Gillespie and V. Grant (for everything mechanical), and C. Harvey-Clark, B. George and T. Godbey for clinical assistance. We thank Graeme Hays as well as two anonymous reviewers for their thorough comments. This work was funded by an NSERC-Discovery Grant to DRJ and by the US NOAA/NMFS (SWFSC & PIFSC). [SS] NR 68 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 55 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 EI 1879-1697 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD MAR 15 PY 2011 VL 399 IS 1 BP 84 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2011.01.007 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 745QC UT WOS:000289179700012 ER PT J AU Vogel, B Pan, LL Konopka, P Gunther, G Muller, R Hall, W Campos, T Pollack, I Weinheimer, A Wei, J Atlas, EL Bowman, KP AF Vogel, B. Pan, L. L. Konopka, P. Guenther, G. Mueller, R. Hall, W. Campos, T. Pollack, I. Weinheimer, A. Wei, J. Atlas, E. L. Bowman, K. P. TI Transport pathways and signatures of mixing in the extratropical tropopause region derived from Lagrangian model simulations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERE-TROPOSPHERE EXCHANGE; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; LOWERMOST STRATOSPHERE; WATER-VAPOR; MASS-EXCHANGE; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; ANNUAL CYCLE; OZONE; CIRCULATION; AIR AB Model simulations with the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) driven by wind fields of the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) were performed in the midlatitude tropopause region in April 2008 to study two research flights conducted during the START08 campaign. One flight targeted a deep tropospheric intrusion and another flight targeted a deep stratospheric intrusion event, both of them in the vicinity of the subtropical and polar jet. Air masses with strong signatures of mixing between stratospheric and tropospheric air masses were identified from measured CO-O-3 correlations, and the characteristics were reproduced by CLaMS model simulations. CLaMS simulations in turn complement the observations and provide a broader view of the mixed region in physical space. Using artificial tracers of air mass origin within CLaMS yields unique information about the transport pathways and their contribution to the composition in the mixed region from different transport origins. Three different regions are examined to categorize dominant transport processes: (1) on the cyclonic side of the polar jet within tropopause folds where air from the lowermost stratosphere and the cyclonic side of the jet is transported downward into the troposphere, (2) on the anticyclonic side of the polar jet around the 2 PVU surface air masses, where signatures of mixing between the troposphere and lowermost stratosphere were found with large contributions of air masses from low latitudes, and (3) in the lower stratosphere associated with a deep tropospheric intrusion originating in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL). Moreover, the time scale of transport from the TTL into the lowermost stratosphere is in the range of weeks whereas the stratospheric intrusions occur on a time scale of days. C1 [Vogel, B.; Konopka, P.; Guenther, G.; Mueller, R.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energy & Climate Res Stratosphere, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Pan, L. L.; Hall, W.; Campos, T.; Pollack, I.; Weinheimer, A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Pollack, I.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wei, J.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Wei, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Atlas, E. L.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine & Atmospher Chem, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Bowman, K. P.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Vogel, B (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energy & Climate Res Stratosphere, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EM b.vogel@fz-juelich.de; liwen@ucar.edu; p.konopka@fz-juelich.de; G.Guenther@fz-juelich.de; ro.mueller@fz-juelich.de; hallb@ucar.edu; campos@ucar.edu; ilana.pollack@noaa.gov; wein@ucar.edu; jennifer.c.wei@nasa.gov; eatlas@rsmas.miami.edu; k-bowman@tamu.edu RI Bowman, Kenneth/A-1345-2012; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; Pollack, Ilana/F-9875-2012; Guenther, Gebhard/K-7583-2012; Muller, Rolf/A-6669-2013; Konopka, Paul/A-7329-2013; Vogel, Barbel/A-9988-2013; Pan, Laura/A-9296-2008 OI Bowman, Kenneth/0000-0002-2667-8632; Guenther, Gebhard/0000-0003-4111-6221; Muller, Rolf/0000-0002-5024-9977; Pan, Laura/0000-0001-7377-2114 FU National Science Foundation (NSF); NFS; NCAR; German Science Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG) [552102] FX The authors thank three anonymous reviewers for their very helpful reviews. The START08 experiment is sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF). The authors gratefully acknowledge the instrument team, cosponsored by NFS and NCAR, and the NCAR Research Aviation Facility staff for running the flight operation. The work by B. Vogel was partly funded by the German Science Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG) under contract 552102. NR 70 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 15 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D05306 DI 10.1029/2010JD014876 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 737XR UT WOS:000288604300003 ER PT J AU Starr, FW Douglas, JF AF Starr, Francis W. Douglas, Jack F. TI Modifying Fragility and Collective Motion in Polymer Melts with Nanoparticles SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; CONFIGURATIONAL ENTROPY; HETEROGENEOUS DYNAMICS; ENERGY LANDSCAPE; TRANSITION; PARTICLE; NANOCOMPOSITES; TEMPERATURE; RELAXATION AB We investigate the impact of nanoparticles (NP) on the fragility and cooperative stringlike motion in a model glass-forming polymer melt by molecular dynamics simulation. The NP cause significant changes to both the fragility and the average length of stringlike motion, where the effect depends on the NP-polymer interaction and NP concentration. We interpret these changes via the Adam-Gibbs (AG) theory, assuming the strings can be directly identified with the abstract "cooperatively rearranging regions'' of AG. Our findings indicate that fragility is primarily a measure of the temperature dependence of the cooperativity of molecular motion. C1 [Starr, Francis W.] Wesleyan Univ, Dept Phys, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Starr, FW (reprint author), Wesleyan Univ, Dept Phys, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. RI Starr, Francis/C-7703-2012 NR 37 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 7 U2 63 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 15 PY 2011 VL 106 IS 11 AR 115702 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.115702 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 735CG UT WOS:000288390400005 PM 21469879 ER PT J AU Tsai, DH DelRio, FW Keene, AM Tyner, KM MacCuspie, RI Cho, TJ Zachariah, MR Hackley, VA AF Tsai, De-Hao DelRio, Frank W. Keene, Athena M. Tyner, Katherine M. MacCuspie, Robert I. Cho, Tae Joon Zachariah, Michael R. Hackley, Vincent A. TI Adsorption and Conformation of Serum Albumin Protein on Gold Nanoparticles Investigated Using Dimensional Measurements and in Situ Spectroscopic Methods SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL MOBILITY ANALYSIS; DIRECTED DRUG-DELIVERY; COLLOIDAL GOLD; ENHANCED FLUORESCENCE; GAMMA-GLOBULIN; X-RAY; SURFACE; ACID; BINDING; SCATTERING AB The adsorption and conformation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were interrogated both qualitatively and quantitatively via complementary physicochemical characterization methods. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), asymmetric-flow field flow fractionation (AFFF), fluorescence spectrometry, and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy were combined to characterize BSA-AuNP conjugates under fluid conditions, while conjugates in the aerosol state were characterized by electrospray-differential mobility analysis (ES-DMA). The presence of unbound BSA molecules interferes with DLS analysis of the conjugates, particularly as the AuNP size decreases (i.e., below 30 nm in diameter). Under conditions where the gamma value is high, where gamma is defined as the ratio of scattering intensity by AuNPs to the scattering intensity by unbound BSA, DLS size results are consistent with results obtained after fractionation by AFFF. Additionally, the AuNP hydrodynamic size exhibits a greater proportional increase due to BSA conjugation at pH values below 2.5 compared with less acidic pH values (3.4-7.3), corresponding with the reversibly denatured (E or F form) conformation of BSA below pH 2.5. Over the pH range from 3.4 to 7.3, the hydrodynamic size of the conjugate is nearly constant, suggesting conformational stability over this range. Because of the difference in the measurement environment, a larger increase of AuNP size is observed following BSA conjugation when measured in the wet state (i.e., by DLS and AFFF) compared to the dry state (by ES-DMA). Molecular surface density for BSA is estimated based on ES-DMA and fluorescence measurements. Results from the two techniques are consistent and similar, but slightly higher for ES-DMA, with an average adsorbate density of 0.015 nm(-2). Moreover, from the change of particle size, we determine the extent of adsorption for BSA on AuNPs using DLS and ES-DMA at 21 degrees C, which show that increasing the concentration of BSA increases the measured change in AuNP size. Using ES-DMA, we observe that the BSA surface density reaches 90% of saturation at a solution phase concentration between 10 and 30 mu mol/L, which is roughly consistent with fluorescence and AM-FTIR results. The equilibrium binding constant for BSA on AuNPs is calculated by applying the Langmuir equation, with resulting values ranging from 0.51 x 10(6) to 1.65 x 10(6) L/mol, suggesting a strong affinity due to bonding between the single free exterior thiol on N-form BSA (associated with a cysteine residue) and the AuNP surface. Moreover, the adsorption interaction induces a conformational change in BSA secondary structure, resulting in less a-helix content and more open structures (beta-sheet, random, or expanded). C1 [Tsai, De-Hao; DelRio, Frank W.; MacCuspie, Robert I.; Cho, Tae Joon; Zachariah, Michael R.; Hackley, Vincent A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Keene, Athena M.; Tyner, Katherine M.] US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. [Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Hackley, VA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vince.hackley@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Tsai, De-Hao/K-6702-2012; OI Tsai, De-Hao/0000-0002-2669-3007; MacCuspie, Robert/0000-0002-6618-6499; Hackley, Vincent/0000-0003-4166-2724 NR 79 TC 158 Z9 162 U1 23 U2 175 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAR 15 PY 2011 VL 27 IS 6 BP 2464 EP 2477 DI 10.1021/la104124d PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 730NE UT WOS:000288039500057 PM 21341776 ER PT J AU Wang, MH Shi, W Tang, JW AF Wang, Menghua Shi, Wei Tang, Junwu TI Water property monitoring and assessment for China's inland Lake Taihu from MODIS-Aqua measurements SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Water quality; Remote sensing; Inland freshwater lake ID OCEAN COLOR IMAGERY; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; LEAVING RADIANCE; PHYTOPLANKTON ABSORPTION; RETRIEVAL; SEAWIFS; REFLECTANCE; ALGORITHM; PRODUCTS; SEDIMENT AB We provide results of quantitative measurements and characterization for inland freshwater Lake Taihu from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the satellite Aqua. China's Lake Taihu, which is located in the Yangtze River delta in one of the world's most urbanized and heavily populated areas, contains consistently highly turbid waters in addition to frequent large seasonal algae blooms in various lake regions. Thus, satellite data processing requires use of the shortwave infrared (SWIR) atmospheric correction algorithm. Specifically for Lake Taihu, an iterative SWIR-based atmospheric correction algorithm has been developed and proven to provide reasonably accurate water-leaving radiance spectra data. Using MODIS-Aqua measurements, the blue-green algae bloom in Lake Taihu in 2007 has been studied in detail, demonstrating the importance and usefulness of satellite water color remote sensing for effectively monitoring and managing a bloom event. Seasonal and interannual variability, as well as spatial distributions, of lake water properties were studied and assessed using the MODIS-Aqua measurements from 2002 to 2008. Results show that overall waters in Lake Taihu are consistently highly turbid all year round, with the winter and summer as the most and least turbid seasons in the lake, respectively. Extremely turbid waters in the winter are primarily attributed to strong winter winds that lead to significant amounts of total suspended sediment (TSS) in the water column. In addition, MODIS-Aqua-measured water-leaving radiance at the blue band is consistently low in various bay regions in Lake Taihu, indicating high algae concentration in these regions. Climatological water property maps, including normalized water-leaving radiance spectra nL(w)(lambda), chlorophyll-a concentration, and water diffuse attenuation coefficient at the wavelength of 490 nm (K-d(490)), are derived from all MODIS-Aqua data from 2002 to 2008 for Lake Taihu, showing overall spatial distribution features for the lake water property. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Wang, Menghua; Shi, Wei] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Shi, Wei] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Tang, Junwu] State Ocean Adm, Natl Ocean Technol Ctr, Tianjin, Peoples R China. RP Wang, MH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E RA3,Room 102,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Menghua.Wang@noaa.gov RI Shi, Wei/F-5625-2010; Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125 FU NASA; NOAA FX This research was supported by NASA and NOAA funding and grants. The MODIS L1B data were obtained from the NASA/GSFC MODAPS Services website. We thank four anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that improved the manuscript. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 51 TC 89 Z9 95 U1 8 U2 75 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAR 15 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 3 BP 841 EP 854 DI 10.1016/rse.2010.11.012 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 717SJ UT WOS:000287067400004 ER PT J AU Bose, R Sridharan, D Solomon, GS Waks, E AF Bose, R. Sridharan, D. Solomon, G. S. Waks, E. TI Observation of strong coupling through transmission modification of a cavity-coupled photonic crystal waveguide SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE QUANTUM-DOT; NANOCAVITY; COMMUNICATION AB We investigate strong coupling between a single quantum dot (QD) and photonic crystal cavity through transmission modification of an evanescently coupled waveguide. Strong coupling is observed through modification of both the cavity scattering spectrum and waveguide transmission. We achieve an overall Q of 5800 and an exciton-photon coupling strength of 21 GHz for this integrated cavity-waveguide structure. The transmission contrast for the bare cavity mode is measured to be 24%. These results represent important progress towards integrated cavity quantum electrodynamics using a planar photonic architecture. (C)2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Bose, R.; Sridharan, D.; Waks, E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bose, R.; Sridharan, D.; Waks, E.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bose, R.; Sridharan, D.; Solomon, G. S.; Waks, E.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bose, R.; Sridharan, D.; Solomon, G. S.; Waks, E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bose, R (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. OI Bose, Ranojoy/0000-0002-2908-4426 FU ARO MURI [W911NF09104]; physics frontier center at the Joint Quantum Institute; ONR Applied Electromagnetic Center; NSF [ECCS - 0846494] FX The authors acknowledge support from the ARO MURI on hybrid quantum interactions (grant number W911NF09104), the physics frontier center at the Joint Quantum Institute, and the ONR Applied Electromagnetic Center. E. Waks acknowledges support from an NSF CAREER award (grant number ECCS - 0846494). R. Bose and D. Sridharan contributed equally to this work. NR 33 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 17 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAR 14 PY 2011 VL 19 IS 6 BP 5398 EP 5409 DI 10.1364/OE.19.005398 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 741NV UT WOS:000288871300078 PM 21445179 ER PT J AU Ma, LJ Bienfang, JC Slattery, O Tang, XA AF Ma, Lijun Bienfang, Joshua C. Slattery, Oliver Tang, Xiao TI Up-conversion single-photon detector using multi-wavelength sampling techniques SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION; WAVE-GUIDE; DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEM; WAVELENGTH; ENTANGLEMENT; GENERATION; RESOLUTION; GHZ AB The maximum achievable data-rate of a quantum communication system can be critically limited by the efficiency and temporal resolution of the system's single-photon detectors. Frequency up-conversion technology can be used to increase detection efficiency for IR photons. In this paper we describe a scheme to improve the temporal resolution of an up-conversion single-photon detector using multi-wavelength optical-sampling techniques, allowing for increased transmission rates in single-photon communications systems. We experimentally demonstrate our approach with an up-conversion detector using two spectrally and temporally distinct pump pulses, and show that it allows for high-fidelity single-photon detection at twice the rate supported by a conventional single-pump up-conversion detector. We also discuss the limiting factors of this approach and identify important performance-limiting trade offs. (C)2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Ma, Lijun; Slattery, Oliver; Tang, Xiao] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bienfang, Joshua C.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ma, LJ (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM xiao.tang@nist.gov RI Bienfang, Joshua/A-7285-2010 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) quantum information initiative FX The authors thank for the support from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) quantum information initiative. The identification of any commercial product or trade name does not imply endorsement or recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAR 14 PY 2011 VL 19 IS 6 BP 5470 EP 5479 DI 10.1364/OE.19.005470 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 741NV UT WOS:000288871300085 PM 21445185 ER PT J AU Park, IS Xu, BL Atienza, DO Hofstead-Duffy, AM Allison, TC Tong, YJ AF Park, In-Su Xu, Bolian Atienza, Dianne O. Hofstead-Duffy, Augusta M. Allison, Thomas C. Tong, YuYe J. TI Chemical State of Adsorbed Sulfur on Pt Nanoparticles SO CHEMPHYSCHEM LA English DT Article DE density functional calculations; oxidation; platinum nanoparticles; SERS; sulfur poisoning ID PLATINIZED PLATINUM-ELECTRODES; FORMIC-ACID OXIDATION; CHEMISORBED SULFUR; CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY; PT(111) ELECTRODES; SURFACE; ADSORPTION; SPECTROSCOPY; HYDROGEN; DEPOSITION C1 [Park, In-Su; Xu, Bolian; Atienza, Dianne O.; Hofstead-Duffy, Augusta M.; Tong, YuYe J.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Allison, Thomas C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Computat Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tong, YJ (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem, 37th & O St NW, Washington, DC 20057 USA. EM yyt@georgetown.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Tong, YuYe/A-2334-2008 OI Tong, YuYe/0000-0003-2799-022X FU DOE [DE-FG02-07ER15895]; Chinese Scholar Council; Georgetown University; Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory FX The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from DOE (DE-FG02-07ER15895). BX thanks the Chinese Scholar Council and Georgetown University for a CSC-GU post-doctoral fellowship. A portion of the research was performed using EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory NR 44 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1439-4235 J9 CHEMPHYSCHEM JI ChemPhysChem PD MAR 14 PY 2011 VL 12 IS 4 BP 747 EP 752 DI 10.1002/cphc.201000998 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 737LB UT WOS:000288569200008 PM 21387515 ER PT J AU Tyack, PL Zimmer, WMX Moretti, D Southall, BL Claridge, DE Durban, JW Clark, CW D'Amico, A DiMarzio, N Jarvis, S McCarthy, E Morrissey, R Ward, J Boyd, IL AF Tyack, Peter L. Zimmer, Walter M. X. Moretti, David Southall, Brandon L. Claridge, Diane E. Durban, John W. Clark, Christopher W. D'Amico, Angela DiMarzio, Nancy Jarvis, Susan McCarthy, Elena Morrissey, Ronald Ward, Jessica Boyd, Ian L. TI Beaked Whales Respond to Simulated and Actual Navy Sonar SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MESOPLODON-EUROPAEUS; KILLER WHALES; ORCINUS-ORCA; NOISE; BEHAVIOR; ECHOLOCATION; SEA AB Beaked whales have mass stranded during some naval sonar exercises, but the cause is unknown. They are difficult to sight but can reliably be detected by listening for echolocation clicks produced during deep foraging dives. Listening for these clicks, we documented Blainville's beaked whales, Mesoplodon densirostris, in a naval underwater range where sonars are in regular use near Andros Island, Bahamas. An array of bottom-mounted hydrophones can detect beaked whales when they click anywhere within the range. We used two complementary methods to investigate behavioral responses of beaked whales to sonar: an opportunistic approach that monitored whale responses to multi-day naval exercises involving tactical mid-frequency sonars, and an experimental approach using playbacks of simulated sonar and control sounds to whales tagged with a device that records sound, movement, and orientation. Here we show that in both exposure conditions beaked whales stopped echolocating during deep foraging dives and moved away. During actual sonar exercises, beaked whales were primarily detected near the periphery of the range, on average 16 km away from the sonar transmissions. Once the exercise stopped, beaked whales gradually filled in the center of the range over 2-3 days. A satellite tagged whale moved outside the range during an exercise, returning over 2-3 days post-exercise. The experimental approach used tags to measure acoustic exposure and behavioral reactions of beaked whales to one controlled exposure each of simulated military sonar, killer whale calls, and band-limited noise. The beaked whales reacted to these three sound playbacks at sound pressure levels below 142 dB re 1 mu Pa by stopping echolocation followed by unusually long and slow ascents from their foraging dives. The combined results indicate similar disruption of foraging behavior and avoidance by beaked whales in the two different contexts, at exposures well below those used by regulators to define disturbance. C1 [Tyack, Peter L.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Zimmer, Walter M. X.] N Atlantic Treaty Org Undersea Res Ctr, La Spezia, Italy. [Moretti, David; DiMarzio, Nancy; Jarvis, Susan; McCarthy, Elena; Morrissey, Ronald; Ward, Jessica] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI USA. [Southall, Brandon L.] Southall Environm Associates, Aptos, CA USA. [Southall, Brandon L.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Claridge, Diane E.] Bahamas Marine Mammal Res Org, Marsh Harbour, Abaco, Bahamas. [Durban, John W.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA USA. [Clark, Christopher W.] Cornell Univ, Bioacoust Res Program, Cornell Lab Ornithol, Ithaca, NY USA. [D'Amico, Angela] Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr Pacific, San Diego, CA USA. [Boyd, Ian L.] Univ St Andrews, Sea Mammal Res Unit, Scottish Oceans Inst, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, Fife, Scotland. RP Tyack, PL (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM ptyack@whoi.edu RI Tyack, Peter/D-6209-2013 OI Tyack, Peter/0000-0002-8409-4790 FU United States (U.S.) Office of Naval Research [N00014-07-10988, N00014-07-11023, N00014-08-10990]; U.S. Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program [SI-1539]; Environmental Readiness Division of the U.S. Navy; U.S. Naval Operations Submarine Warfare Division (Undersea Surveillance); U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Science and Technology); U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; International Association of Oil and Gas Producers; U.S. Navy FX The research reported here was financially supported by the United States (U.S.) Office of Naval Research (www.onr.navy.mil) Grants N00014-07-10988, N00014-07-11023, N00014-08-10990; the U.S. Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (www.serdp.org) Grant SI-1539, the Environmental Readiness Division of the U.S. Navy (http://www.navy.mil/local/n45/), the U.S. Chief of Naval Operations Submarine Warfare Division (Undersea Surveillance), the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Science and Technology) (http://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/), U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Ocean Acoustics Program (http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/acoustics/), and the Joint Industry Program on Sound and Marine Life of the International Association of Oil and Gas Producers (www.soundandmarinelife.org). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.; While the sponsors of this study come from an international mix of sound producers and a United States regulatory agency, the majority of funding for the research reported here comes from different divisions of the U.S. Navy, and all of the authors have had at least some of the research reported here partially funded by different divisions of the U.S. Navy. The following authors are employed by the U.S. Navy: David Moretti, Angela D'Amico, Nancy DiMarzio, Susan Jarvis, Elena McCarthy, Ronald Morrissey, and Jessica Ward. Their primary involvement was in designing, installing, and helping to operate the passive acoustic marine mammal monitoring system at the AUTEC range; providing the sound sources used in the experiments; and with analyzing and writing up the data. During the time period covered by this research the following authors were employed by the National Marine Fisheries Service of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, which acts as the federal regulatory agency for protection of marine mammals: Brandon Southall and John Durban. The following authors have been asked by the U.S. Department of Justice to act as expert witnesses in cases involving the effects of naval sonar on marine mammals: Christopher Clark, Brandon Southall, and Peter Tyack. Peter Tyack is a member of Natural Resources Defense Council, which is an advocacy organization that has sued the Navy concerning effects of sonar on marine mammals. None of the analysis nor write up of the paper involved or was influenced by the sponsors of the research. NR 37 TC 100 Z9 102 U1 13 U2 157 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 14 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 3 AR e17009 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0017009 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 736RS UT WOS:000288512400008 PM 21423729 ER PT J AU Glyde, HR Diallo, SO Azuah, RT Kirichek, O Taylor, JW AF Glyde, H. R. Diallo, S. O. Azuah, R. T. Kirichek, O. Taylor, J. W. TI Bose-Einstein condensation in liquid He-4 under pressure SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MOMENTUM DISTRIBUTION; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; HELIUM; FRACTION; SUPERSOLIDITY AB We present neutron-scattering measurements of Bose-Einstein condensation, the atomic momentum distribution, and final-state effects in liquid He-4 under pressure. The condensate fraction at low temperature is found to decrease from n(0) = 7.25 +/- 0.75% at saturated vapor pressure (p similar or equal to 0) to n(0) = 3.2 +/- 0.75% at pressure p = 24 bar. This indicates an n(0) = 3.0% in the liquid at the liquid/solid coexistence line (p = 25.3 bar). The atomic momentum distribution n(k) has high occupation of low-k states and differs significantly from a Gaussian [e. g., a classical n(k)]. Both n(k) and the final-state function broaden with increasing pressure, reflecting the increased localization of the He-4 in space under increased pressure. C1 [Glyde, H. R.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Diallo, S. O.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Azuah, R. T.] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Azuah, R. T.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kirichek, O.; Taylor, J. W.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Spallat Neutron Source, STFC, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Glyde, HR (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RI Kirichek, Oleg/C-2660-2013; Diallo, Souleymane/B-3111-2016 OI Diallo, Souleymane/0000-0002-3369-8391 FU US DOE, Office of Science [DE-FG02-03ER46038] FX We thank Richard Down for valuable technical assistance at ISIS and Jordi Boronat and Riccardo Rota for stimulating discussions. This work was supported by the US DOE, Office of Science Grant No. DE-FG02-03ER46038. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 14 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 10 AR 100507 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.100507 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 734EZ UT WOS:000288318100004 ER PT J AU Wang, MY Luo, HQ Wang, M Chi, SX Rodriguez-Rivera, JA Singh, D Chang, S Lynn, JW Dai, PC AF Wang, Miaoyin Luo, Huiqian Wang, Meng Chi, Songxue Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose A. Singh, Deepak Chang, Sung Lynn, Jeffrey W. Dai, Pengcheng TI Magnetic field effect on static antiferromagnetic order and spin excitations in the underdoped iron arsenide superconductor BaFe1.92Ni0.08As2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PAIRING SYMMETRY AB We use neutron scattering to study the magnetic-field effect on the static antiferromagnetic (AF) order and low-energy spin excitations in the underdoped iron arsenide superconductor BaFe1.92Ni0.08As2. At zero field, superconductivity that occurs below a critical temperature of T-c = 17 K coincides with the appearance of a neutron spin resonance and reduction in the static ordered moment. Upon application of a similar to 10-T magnetic field in the FeAs plane, the intensity of the resonance is reduced, accompanied by decreasing T-c and enhanced static AF scattering. These results are similar to those for some copper oxide superconductors, and demonstrate that the static AF order is a competing phase to superconductivity in BaFe1.92Ni0.08As2. C1 [Wang, Miaoyin; Wang, Meng; Dai, Pengcheng] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Luo, Huiqian; Wang, Meng; Dai, Pengcheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Chi, Songxue; Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose A.; Singh, Deepak; Chang, Sung; Lynn, Jeffrey W.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chi, Songxue; Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose A.; Singh, Deepak] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Dai, Pengcheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, MY (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM pdai@utk.edu RI Wang, Miaoyin/C-9224-2012; Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012; WANG, MENG/E-6595-2012; Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/A-4872-2013; Chi, Songxue/A-6713-2013 OI Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170; WANG, MENG/0000-0002-8232-2331; Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/0000-0002-8633-8314; Chi, Songxue/0000-0002-3851-9153 FU US National Science Foundation [DMR-0756568]; US Department of Energy, Division of Scientific User Facilities; Natural Science Foundation of China; Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2011CBA00110]; Chinese Academy of Sciences FX We are grateful to Y.J. Uemura, G. M. Luke, and M. D. Lumsden for helpful discussions. The neutron scattering part of this work at the University of Tennessee/Oak Ridge National Laboratories is supported by the US National Science Foundation Grant No. DMR-0756568 and by the US Department of Energy, Division of Scientific User Facilities. The single-crystal growth and neutron scattering work at the Institute of Physics is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China, the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (973 Project No. 2011CBA00110), and the Chinese Academy of Sciences. NR 49 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 14 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 9 AR 094516 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.094516 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 734EX UT WOS:000288317900007 ER PT J AU de Koning, CA Pizzo, VJ AF de Koning, Curt A. Pizzo, V. J. TI Polarimetric localization: A new tool for calculating the CME speed and direction of propagation in near-real time SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; GEOMETRIC LOCALIZATION; STEREO; RECONSTRUCTION; BEACON AB The polarimetric localization technique uses the percent polarization observed by a single coronagraph to obtain a three-dimensional reconstruction of a coronal mass ejection (CME). We use this technique to analyze STEREO/SECCHI/COR2 beacon data for 12 different events at spacecraft separations ranging from 9 degrees to 127 degrees. To determine if the technique is efficacious, we compare the three-dimensional location and velocity, including speed and direction, computed by polarimetric localization to the same quantities computed by geometric localization. The geometric localization technique utilizes a series of lines of sight from two space-based coronagraphs to determine gross propagation characteristics of CMEs in three-dimensional space. In particular, we present a detailed comparison of the techniques for two events: the first example is from very early on in the mission, on 23 May 2007, when the spacecraft separation was only 9.2 degrees, and the second event is from 12 December 2008, when the spacecraft were almost in quadrature. We find that the two techniques yield comparable CME velocities; furthermore, both are straightforward to apply and they can be used in near-real time. In conclusion, we believe that these techniques promise a substantial improvement in our capability to locate and characterize CMEs for forecasting, as well as research purposes. C1 [de Koning, Curt A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [de Koning, Curt A.; Pizzo, V. J.] NOAA Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP de Koning, CA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM curt.a.dekoning@noaa.gov FU NASA [NNX09AJ84G] FX The research at NOAA SWPC was supported by NASA Living With a Star TR&T grant NNX09AJ84G. We acknowledge helpful discussions with Tom Moran during the early phase of this project. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1539-4956 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD MAR 12 PY 2011 VL 9 AR S03001 DI 10.1029/2010SW000595 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 734HZ UT WOS:000288326500001 ER PT J AU Borg, LA Holz, RE Turner, DD AF Borg, Lori A. Holz, Robert E. Turner, David D. TI Investigating cloud radar sensitivity to optically thin cirrus using collocated Raman lidar observations SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WATER-VAPOR; CLIMATE-RESEARCH; PARAMETERIZATION; RETRIEVALS; AEROSOLS; SIZE AB The sensitivity of the millimeter cloud radar (MMCR) to optically thin single-layer cirrus at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) site is investigated using collocated Raman lidar observations. The sensitivity is characterized in terms of cloud optical depth (OD) and infrared (IR) radiative flux using over three years of coincident Raman lidar and MMCR observations. For cases when the Raman lidar is not fully attenuated (OD < 2.0) the MMCR detects approximately 70% of the total cloud OD with the majority of missed cloud OD occurring near cloud top. If only MMCR observations are used for computing cloudy top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) IR flux, the missed cloud OD results in TOA flux biases from 0 to over 100 W/m(2); however, the most frequently occurring bias is approximately 16 W/m(2). This result highlights the importance of combining Raman lidar, or other sensitive cloud lidars that are able to measure cloud extinction directly, with the MMCR in order to accurately characterize the cloud radiative forcing for thin cirrus cases. Citation: Borg, L. A., R. E. Holz, and D. D. Turner (2011), Investigating cloud radar sensitivity to optically thin cirrus using collocated Raman lidar observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L05807, doi: 10.1029/2010GL046365. C1 [Borg, Lori A.; Holz, Robert E.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Turner, David D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Turner, David D.] Univ Wisconsin, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Dept, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Borg, LA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM lori.borg@ssec.wisc.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division; DOE [DE-FG02-90ER61057, DE-FG02-06ER64167] FX The data used in this analysis were obtained from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division. This work was supported by DOE grants DE-FG02-90ER61057 and DE-FG02-06ER64167 as part of the ARM program. We would like to thank Mandana Khaiyer and Patrick Minnis for providing the GOES IR fluxes, and Ed Eloranta for discussions on profiling cloud extinction with Raman lidars and HSRLs. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 11 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L05807 DI 10.1029/2010GL046365 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 734IN UT WOS:000288327900005 ER PT J AU de Gouw, JA Middlebrook, AM Warneke, C Ahmadov, R Atlas, EL Bahreini, R Blake, DR Brock, CA Brioude, J Fahey, DW Fehsenfeld, FC Holloway, JS Le Henaff, M Lueb, RA McKeen, SA Meagher, JF Murphy, DM Paris, C Parrish, DD Perring, AE Pollack, IB Ravishankara, AR Robinson, AL Ryerson, TB Schwarz, JP Spackman, JR Srinivasan, A Watts, LA AF de Gouw, J. A. Middlebrook, A. M. Warneke, C. Ahmadov, R. Atlas, E. L. Bahreini, R. Blake, D. R. Brock, C. A. Brioude, J. Fahey, D. W. Fehsenfeld, F. C. Holloway, J. S. Le Henaff, M. Lueb, R. A. McKeen, S. A. Meagher, J. F. Murphy, D. M. Paris, C. Parrish, D. D. Perring, A. E. Pollack, I. B. Ravishankara, A. R. Robinson, A. L. Ryerson, T. B. Schwarz, J. P. Spackman, J. R. Srinivasan, A. Watts, L. A. TI Organic Aerosol Formation Downwind from the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB A large fraction of atmospheric aerosols are derived from organic compounds with various volatilities. A National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) WP-3D research aircraft made airborne measurements of the gaseous and aerosol composition of air over the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico that occurred from April to August 2010. A narrow plume of hydrocarbons was observed downwind of DWH that is attributed to the evaporation of fresh oil on the sea surface. A much wider plume with high concentrations of organic aerosol (>25 micrograms per cubic meter) was attributed to the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from unmeasured, less volatile hydrocarbons that were emitted from a wider area around DWH. These observations provide direct and compelling evidence for the importance of formation of SOA from less volatile hydrocarbons. C1 [de Gouw, J. A.; Middlebrook, A. M.; Warneke, C.; Ahmadov, R.; Bahreini, R.; Brock, C. A.; Brioude, J.; Fahey, D. W.; Fehsenfeld, F. C.; Holloway, J. S.; McKeen, S. A.; Meagher, J. F.; Murphy, D. M.; Parrish, D. D.; Perring, A. E.; Pollack, I. B.; Ravishankara, A. R.; Ryerson, T. B.; Schwarz, J. P.; Spackman, J. R.; Watts, L. A.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [de Gouw, J. A.; Warneke, C.; Ahmadov, R.; Bahreini, R.; Brioude, J.; Fehsenfeld, F. C.; Holloway, J. S.; McKeen, S. A.; Perring, A. E.; Pollack, I. B.; Schwarz, J. P.; Spackman, J. R.; Watts, L. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Atlas, E. L.; Le Henaff, M.; Paris, C.; Srinivasan, A.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Blake, D. R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Lueb, R. A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Earth Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Robinson, A. L.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Atmospher Particle Studies, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP de Gouw, JA (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM joost.degouw@noaa.gov RI McKeen, Stuart/H-9516-2013; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Brioude, Jerome/E-4629-2011; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Ahmadov, Ravan/F-2036-2011; Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Pollack, Ilana/F-9875-2012; Robinson, Allen/I-5713-2012; Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Perring, Anne/G-4597-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013; Watts, Laurel/G-4532-2013; Robinson, Allen/M-3046-2014; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Ahmadov, Ravan/0000-0002-6996-7071; Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Robinson, Allen/0000-0003-1053-7090; Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503; Watts, Laurel/0000-0002-0834-3329; Robinson, Allen/0000-0002-1819-083X; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; Paris, Claire/0000-0002-0637-1334 FU NASA; NSF [1048697]; U.S. Coast Guard Pollution Removal Funding FX We thank the flight crew of the NOAA WP-3D, as well as NOAA's National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, for the oil spill maps in Fig. 1. Supported by the NASA Radiation Sciences Program ( D. W. F., A. E. P., J.P.S., J.R.S., and L. A. W.), NSF grant 1048697 ( C. P., M. L. H., and A. S.) and a U.S. Coast Guard Pollution Removal Funding Authorization to NOAA for flights over the oil spill made by the NOAA WP-3D. NR 21 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 6 U2 90 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 11 PY 2011 VL 331 IS 6022 BP 1295 EP 1299 DI 10.1126/science.1200320 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 732UM UT WOS:000288215200038 PM 21393539 ER PT J AU Wirgin, I Roy, NK Loftus, M Chambers, RC Franks, DG Hahn, ME AF Wirgin, Isaac Roy, Nirmal K. Loftus, Matthew Chambers, R. Christopher Franks, Diana G. Hahn, Mark E. TI Mechanistic Basis of Resistance to PCBs in Atlantic Tomcod from the Hudson River SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; FISH FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; DIOXIN SENSITIVITY; MICROGADUS-TOMCOD; INDUCTION; CYTOCHROME-P4501A; POPULATIONS; KILLIFISH; AHR2 AB The mechanistic basis of resistance of vertebrate populations to contaminants, including Atlantic tomcod from the Hudson River (HR) to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), is unknown. HR tomcod exhibited variants in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor 2 (AHR2) that were nearly absent elsewhere. In ligand-binding assays, AHR2-1 protein (common in the HR) was impaired as compared to widespread AHR2-2 in binding TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) and in driving expression in reporter gene assays in AHR-deficient cells treated with TCDD or PCB126. We identified a six-base deletion in AHR2 as the basis of resistance and suggest that the HR population has undergone rapid evolution, probably due to contaminant exposure. This mechanistic basis of resistance in a vertebrate population provides evidence of evolutionary change due to selective pressure at a single locus. C1 [Wirgin, Isaac; Roy, Nirmal K.; Loftus, Matthew] NYU, Dept Environm Med, Sch Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. [Franks, Diana G.; Hahn, Mark E.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Chambers, R. Christopher] NOAA, Howard Marine Sci Lab, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Serv, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. RP Wirgin, I (reprint author), NYU, Dept Environm Med, Sch Med, 57 Old Forge Rd, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. EM Isaac.wirgin@nyumc.org OI Hahn, Mark/0000-0003-4358-2082 FU Hudson River Foundation; Northeast Fisheries Science Center; [R01ES015447]; [P42ES007381]; [ES00260] FX We acknowledge support of R01ES015447, P42ES007381, ES00260, the Hudson River Foundation, and the Northeast Fisheries Science Center. We thank M. Mattson, K. Sullivan, D. Danila, S. Courtenay, C. Burnett, L. Upchurch, P. Roy, S. Karchner, and A. Nadas for assistance. Accession nos. FJ215751 to FJ215756. NR 21 TC 74 Z9 77 U1 14 U2 102 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 11 PY 2011 VL 331 IS 6022 BP 1322 EP 1325 DI 10.1126/science.1197296 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 732UM UT WOS:000288215200046 PM 21330491 ER PT J AU Vilstrup, JT Ho, SYW Foote, AD Morin, PA Kreb, D Krutzen, M Parra, GJ Robertson, KM de Stephanis, R Verborgh, P Willerslev, E Orlando, L Gilbert, MTP AF Vilstrup, Julia T. Ho, Simon Y. W. Foote, Andrew D. Morin, Phillip A. Kreb, Danielle Kruetzen, Michael Parra, Guido J. Robertson, Kelly M. de Stephanis, Renaud Verborgh, Philippe Willerslev, Eske Orlando, Ludovic Gilbert, M. Thomas P. TI Mitogenomic phylogenetic analyses of the Delphinidae with an emphasis on the Globicephalinae SO BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR GENE-SEQUENCES; EVOLUTIONARY MODELS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; BAYESIAN-INFERENCE; DNA-SEQUENCES; CYTOCHROME-B; MITOCHONDRIAL; RESOLUTION; PLIOCENE; TREES AB Background: Previous DNA-based phylogenetic studies of the Delphinidae family suggest it has undergone rapid diversification, as characterised by unresolved and poorly supported taxonomic relationships (polytomies) for some of the species within this group. Using an increased amount of sequence data we test between alternative hypotheses of soft polytomies caused by rapid speciation, slow evolutionary rate and/or insufficient sequence data, and hard polytomies caused by simultaneous speciation within this family. Combining the mitogenome sequences of five new and 12 previously published species within the Delphinidae, we used Bayesian and maximum-likelihood methods to estimate the phylogeny from partitioned and unpartitioned mitogenome sequences. Further ad hoc tests were then conducted to estimate the support for alternative topologies. Results: We found high support for all the relationships within our reconstructed phylogenies, and topologies were consistent between the Bayesian and maximum-likelihood trees inferred from partitioned and unpartitioned data. Resolved relationships included the placement of the killer whale (Orcinus orca) as sister taxon to the rest of the Globicephalinae subfamily, placement of the Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus) within the Globicephalinae subfamily, removal of the white-beaked dolphin (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) from the Delphininae subfamily and the placement of the rough-toothed dolphin (Steno bredanensis) as sister taxon to the rest of the Delphininae subfamily rather than within the Globicephalinae subfamily. The additional testing of alternative topologies allowed us to reject all other putative relationships, with the exception that we were unable to reject the hypothesis that the relationship between L. albirostris and the Globicephalinae and Delphininae subfamilies was polytomic. Conclusion: Despite their rapid diversification, the increased sequence data yielded by mitogenomes enables the resolution of a strongly supported, bifurcating phylogeny, and a chronology of the divergences within the Delphinidae family. This highlights the benefits and potential application of large mitogenome datasets to resolve long-standing phylogenetic uncertainties. C1 [Vilstrup, Julia T.; Foote, Andrew D.; Willerslev, Eske; Orlando, Ludovic; Gilbert, M. Thomas P.] Univ Copenhagen, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, Ctr GeoGenet, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Ho, Simon Y. W.] Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Morin, Phillip A.; Robertson, Kelly M.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Kreb, Danielle] Yayasan Konservasi RASI, Samarinda, Kalimantan Timu, Indonesia. [Kruetzen, Michael] Univ Zurich, Evolutionary Genet Grp, Anthropol Inst & Museum, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Parra, Guido J.] Flinders Univ S Australia, Lincoln Marine Sci Ctr, Sch Biol Sci, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Parra, Guido J.] S Australian Res & Dev Inst Aquat Sci, Henley Beach, SA 5022, Australia. [de Stephanis, Renaud; Verborgh, Philippe] Conservat Informat & Res Cetaceans, CIRCE, Cadiz 11390, Spain. [de Stephanis, Renaud] Estn Biol Donana, Dept Biol Conservat, Seville, Spain. RP Gilbert, MTP (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, Ctr GeoGenet, Oster Voldgade 5-7, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM mtpgilbert@gmail.com RI Ho, Simon/A-8417-2008; Krutzen, Michael/D-9550-2011; CSIC, EBD Donana/C-4157-2011; Orlando, Ludovic/A-8932-2013; Gilbert, Marcus/A-8936-2013; OI Ho, Simon/0000-0002-0361-2307; Parra, Guido J./0000-0002-1284-4898; Krutzen, Michael/0000-0003-1055-5299; CSIC, EBD Donana/0000-0003-4318-6602; Orlando, Ludovic/0000-0003-3936-1850; Gilbert, Marcus/0000-0002-5805-7195; Verborgh, Philippe/0000-0001-8441-8006 FU Linnean Society FX The authors thank the Danish Council for Independent Research: Natural Sciences, and the Danish National Research Foundation and the Systematics Research Fund from the Linnean Society for generous funding. We thank Bill Perrin, Sebastian Duchene Garzon, and Eric Archer, four anonymous reviewers, and the editors for critical input and comments on the manuscript. We also thank Morten Rasmussen for bioinformatics support, and we thank Uko Gorter for whale illustrations. NR 63 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 30 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2148 J9 BMC EVOL BIOL JI BMC Evol. Biol. PD MAR 10 PY 2011 VL 11 AR 65 DI 10.1186/1471-2148-11-65 PG 10 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 748TE UT WOS:000289414100001 PM 21392378 ER PT J AU Brown, KR Ospelkaus, C Colombe, Y Wilson, AC Leibfried, D Wineland, DJ AF Brown, K. R. Ospelkaus, C. Colombe, Y. Wilson, A. C. Leibfried, D. Wineland, D. J. TI Coupled quantized mechanical oscillators SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM COMPUTER; IONS; STATE; ENTANGLEMENT; ATOM AB The harmonic oscillator is one of the simplest physical systems but also one of the most fundamental. It is ubiquitous in nature, often serving as an approximation for a more complicated system or as a building block in larger models. Realizations of harmonic oscillators in the quantum regime include electromagnetic fields in a cavity(1-3) and the mechanical modes of a trapped atom(4) or macroscopic solid(5). Quantized interaction between two motional modes of an individual trapped ion has been achieved by coupling through optical fields(6), and entangled motion of two ions in separate locations has been accomplished indirectly through their internal states(7). However, direct controllable coupling between quantized mechanical oscillators held in separate locations has not been realized previously. Here we implement such coupling through the mutual Coulomb interaction of two ions held in trapping potentials separated by 40 mm (similar work is reported in a related paper(8)). By tuning the confining wells into resonance, energy is exchanged between the ions at the quantum level, establishing that direct coherent motional coupling is possible for separately trapped ions. The system demonstrates a building block for quantum information processing and quantum simulation. More broadly, this work is a natural precursor to experiments in hybrid quantum systems, such as coupling a trapped ion to a quantized macroscopic mechanical or electrical oscillator(9-13). C1 [Brown, K. R.; Ospelkaus, C.; Colombe, Y.; Wilson, A. C.; Leibfried, D.; Wineland, D. J.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Brown, KR (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM kenton.brown@nist.gov RI Ospelkaus, Christian/C-3612-2009 OI Ospelkaus, Christian/0000-0002-4170-2936 FU IARPA; DARPA; ONR; NIST FX This work was supported by IARPA, DARPA, ONR and the NIST Quantum Information Program. We thank M. Biercuk, A. VanDevender, J. Amini, and R. B. Blakestad for their help in assembling parts of the experiment, and we thank U. Warring and R. Simmonds for comments. This paper, a submission of NIST, is not subject to US copyright. NR 30 TC 107 Z9 107 U1 3 U2 47 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 10 PY 2011 VL 471 IS 7337 BP 196 EP 199 DI 10.1038/nature09721 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 732FK UT WOS:000288170200032 PM 21346762 ER PT J AU Teufel, JD Li, D Allman, MS Cicak, K Sirois, AJ Whittaker, JD Simmonds, RW AF Teufel, J. D. Li, Dale Allman, M. S. Cicak, K. Sirois, A. J. Whittaker, J. D. Simmonds, R. W. TI Circuit cavity electromechanics in the strong-coupling regime SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID NANOMECHANICAL MOTION; MECHANICAL RESONATOR; INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; GROUND-STATE; BACK-ACTION; RADIATION AB Demonstrating and exploiting the quantum nature of macroscopic mechanical objects would help us to investigate directly the limitations of quantum-based measurements and quantum information protocols, as well as to test long-standing questions about macroscopic quantum coherence(1-3). Central to this effort is the necessity of long-lived mechanical states. Previous efforts have witnessed quantum behaviour(4), but for a low-quality-factor mechanical system. The field of cavity optomechanics and electromechanics(5,6), in which a high-quality-factor mechanical oscillator is parametrically coupled to an electromagnetic cavity resonance, provides a practical architecture for cooling, manipulation and detection of motion at the quantum level(1). One requirement is strong coupling(7-9), in which the interaction between the two systems is faster than the dissipation of energy from either system. Here, by incorporating a free-standing, flexible aluminium membrane into a lumped-element superconducting resonant cavity, we have increased the single-photon coupling strength between these two systems by more than two orders of magnitude, compared to previously obtained coupling strengths. A parametric drive tone at the difference frequency between the mechanical oscillator and the cavity resonance dramatically increases the overall coupling strength, allowing us to completely enter the quantum-enabled, strong-coupling regime. This is evidenced by a maximum normal-mode splitting of nearly six bare cavity linewidths. Spectroscopic measurements of these 'dressed states' are in excellent quantitative agreement with recent theoretical predictions(10,11). The basic circuit architecture presented here provides a feasible path to ground-state cooling and subsequent coherent control and measurement of long-lived quantum states of mechanical motion. C1 [Teufel, J. D.; Li, Dale; Allman, M. S.; Cicak, K.; Sirois, A. J.; Whittaker, J. D.; Simmonds, R. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Teufel, JD (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM john.teufel@nist.gov RI Teufel, John/A-8898-2010; Allman, Michael/E-5922-2011 OI Teufel, John/0000-0002-1873-9941; NR 30 TC 343 Z9 344 U1 8 U2 67 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 10 PY 2011 VL 471 IS 7337 BP 204 EP 208 DI 10.1038/nature09898 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 732FK UT WOS:000288170200034 PM 21390127 ER PT J AU Twiner, MJ Fire, S Schwacke, L Davidson, L Wang, ZH Morton, S Roth, S Balmer, B Rowles, TK Wells, RS AF Twiner, Michael J. Fire, Spencer Schwacke, Lori Davidson, Leigh Wang, Zhihong Morton, Steve Roth, Stephen Balmer, Brian Rowles, Teresa K. Wells, Randall S. TI Concurrent Exposure of Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) to Multiple Algal Toxins in Sarasota Bay, Florida, USA SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID OYSTER CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; SENSITIVE SODIUM-CHANNELS; BLOOD COLLECTION CARDS; IN-VITRO EXPOSURE; DOMOIC ACID; KARENIA-BREVIS; RED-TIDE; PTYCHODISCUS-BREVIS; COASTAL WATERS; SEA LIONS AB Sentinel species such as bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) can be impacted by large-scale mortality events due to exposure to marine algal toxins. In the Sarasota Bay region (Gulf of Mexico, Florida, USA), the bottlenose dolphin population is frequently exposed to harmful algal blooms (HABs) of Karenia brevis and the neurotoxic brevetoxins (PbTx; BTX) produced by this dinoflagellate. Live dolphins sampled during capture-release health assessments performed in this region tested positive for two HAB toxins; brevetoxin and domoic acid (DA). Over a ten-year study period (2000-2009) we have determined that bottlenose dolphins are exposed to brevetoxin and/or DA on a nearly annual basis (i.e., DA: 2004, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2009; brevetoxin: 2000, 2004, 2005, 2008, 2009) with 36% of all animals testing positive for brevetoxin (n = 118) and 53% positive for DA (n = 83) with several individuals (14%) testing positive for both neurotoxins in at least one tissue/fluid. To date there have been no previously published reports of DA in southwestern Florida marine mammals, however the May 2008 health assessment coincided with a Pseudo-nitzschia pseudodelicatissima bloom that was the likely source of DA observed in seawater and live dolphin samples. Concurrently, both DA and brevetoxin were observed in common prey fish. Although no Pseudo-nitzschia bloom was identified the following year, DA was identified in seawater, fish, sediment, snails, and dolphins. DA concentrations in feces were positively correlated with hematologic parameters including an increase in total white blood cell (p = 0.001) and eosinophil (p < 0.001) counts. Our findings demonstrate that dolphins within Sarasota Bay are commonly exposed to two algal toxins, and provide the impetus to further explore the potential long-term impacts on bottlenose dolphin health. C1 [Twiner, Michael J.; Fire, Spencer; Davidson, Leigh; Wang, Zhihong; Morton, Steve] Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Charleston, SC USA. [Twiner, Michael J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Nat Sci, Dearborn, MI 48128 USA. [Schwacke, Lori] Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Human Hlth Risks, Hollings Marine Lab, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Charleston, SC USA. [Roth, Stephen] Natl Ocean Serv, Coastal Ecol Program, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Charleston, SC USA. [Balmer, Brian; Wells, Randall S.] Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Rowles, Teresa K.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Off Protected Resources, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Twiner, MJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Nat Sci, Dearborn, MI 48128 USA. EM mtwiner@umd.umich.edu RI Fire, Spencer/P-6040-2014 OI Fire, Spencer/0000-0002-1657-790X FU NOAA; NOAA Fisheries; Batchelor Foundation; Dolphin Quest; Georgia Aquarium; Disney's Animal Programs; International Whaling Commission; National Marine Fisheries Service FX The authors would like to acknowledge their funding sources, including the NOAA Marine Biotoxins Program (www.chbr.noaa.gov/habar/default.aspx), NOAA Fisheries (www.nmfs.noaa.gov), the Batchelor Foundation, Dolphin Quest (www.dolphinquest.com), the Georgia Aquarium (www.georgiaaquarium.org), Disney's Animal Programs (disney.go.com/index), and the International Whaling Commission (iwcoffice.org). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.; Sample collection during bottlenose dolphin health assessments in Sarasota Bay were made possible by the efforts of the staff, students, and volunteers of the Chicago Zoological Society's Sarasota Dolphin Research Program along with collaborating scientists and veterinarians from a number of institutions. Funding for health assessments and fish collections was provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service, Dolphin Quest, and Disney's Animal Programs. The authors would like to thank Dr. Gary Kirkpatrick of the Phytoplankton Ecology Program, Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL for generously supplying cell count data, Hannah Giddens, Jen Maucher, Tod Leighfield, Seana Powers, Liz Symon, and Valeriy Palubok for technical help, and Larry Fulford for dolphin capturerelease and fish collections. Disclaimer: This publication does not constitute an endorsement of any commercial product or intend to be an opinion beyond scientific or other results obtained by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). No reference shall be made to NOAA, or this publication furnished by NOAA, to any advertising or sales promotion which would indicate or imply that NOAA recommends or endorses any proprietary product mentioned herein, or which has as its purpose an interest to cause the advertised product to be used or purchased because of this publication. NR 89 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 27 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 10 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 3 AR e17394 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0017394 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 732VZ UT WOS:000288219100008 PM 21423740 ER PT J AU Ichino, T Villano, SM Gianola, AJ Goebbert, DJ Velarde, L Sanov, A Blanksby, SJ Zhou, X Hrovat, DA Borden, WT Lineberger, WC AF Ichino, Takatoshi Villano, Stephanie M. Gianola, Adam J. Goebbert, Daniel J. Velarde, Luis Sanov, Andrei Blanksby, Stephen J. Zhou, Xin Hrovat, David A. Borden, Weston Thatcher Lineberger, W. Carl TI Photoelectron Spectroscopic Study of the Oxyallyl Diradical SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID METHYL INTERNAL-ROTATION; 2ND-ORDER PERTURBATION-THEORY; TRIPLET ENERGY DIFFERENCES; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; SELF-CONSISTENT-FIELD; NEGATIVE-ION; GROUND-STATE; METHYLENECYCLOPROPANE REARRANGEMENT; WOLFF REARRANGEMENT; MICROWAVE SPECTRUM AB The photoelectron spectrum of the oxyallyl (OXA) radical anion has been measured. The radical anion has been generated in the reaction of the atomic oxygen radical anion (O center dot-) with acetone. Three low-lying electronic states of OXA have been observed in the spectrum. Electronic structure calculations have been performed for the triplet states (B-3(2) and B-3(1)) of OXA and the ground doublet state ((2)A(2)) of the radical anion using density, functional theory (DFT). Spectral simulations have been carried out for the triplet statics based on the results of the DFT calculations. The simulation identifies a vibrational progression of the CCC bending mode of the B-3(2) state of OXA in the lower electron binding energy (eBE) portion of the spectrum. On top of the B-3(2) feature, however, the experimental spectrum exhibits additional photoelectron peaks whose angular distribution is distinct from that for the vibronic peaks of the B-3(2) state. Complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) method and second-order perturbation theory based on the CASSCF wave function (CASPT2) have been employed to study the lowest singlet state ((1)A(1)) of OXA. The simulation based on the results of these electronic structure calculations establishes that the overlapping peaks represent the vibrational ground level of the (1)A(1) state and its vibrational progression of the CO stretching mode. The A, state is the lowest electronic state of,OXA, and the electron affinity (EA) of OXA is 1.940 +/- 0.010 eV. The B-3(2) state is the first excited state with an electronic term energy of 55 +/- 2 meV. The widths of the vibronic peaks of the (X) over tilde (1)A(1) state are much broader than those of the (a) over tilde B-3(2) state, implying that the (1)A(1) state is indeed a transition state. The CASSCF and CASPT2 calculations suggest that the (1)A(1) state is at a potential maximum along the nuclear coordinate representing disrotatory motion of the two methylene groups, which leads to three-membered-ring formation, i.e., cydopropanone. The simulation of (b) over tilde B-3(1) OXA reproduces the higher eBE portion of the spectrum very well. The term energy of the B-3(1) state is 0.883 +/- 0.012 eV. Photoelectron spectroscopic measurements have also been conducted for the other ion products of the O center dot- reaction with acetone. The photoelectron imaging spectrum of the acetylcarbene (AC) radical anion exhibits a broad, structureless feature, which is assigned to the (X) over tilde (3)A '' state of AC. The ground ((2)A '') and first excited ((2)A') states of the 1-methylvinoxy (1-MVO) radical have been observed in the photoelectron spectrum of the 1-MVO ion, and their vibronic structure has been analyzed. C1 [Ichino, Takatoshi; Villano, Stephanie M.; Gianola, Adam J.; Lineberger, W. Carl] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ichino, Takatoshi; Villano, Stephanie M.; Gianola, Adam J.; Lineberger, W. Carl] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ichino, Takatoshi; Villano, Stephanie M.; Gianola, Adam J.; Lineberger, W. Carl] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ichino, Takatoshi] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Chem & Biochem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Goebbert, Daniel J.; Velarde, Luis; Sanov, Andrei] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Blanksby, Stephen J.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Chem, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. [Zhou, Xin; Hrovat, David A.; Borden, Weston Thatcher] Univ N Texas, Dept Chem, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Zhou, Xin; Hrovat, David A.; Borden, Weston Thatcher] Univ N Texas, Ctr Adv Sci Comp & Modeling, Denton, TX 76203 USA. RP Lineberger, WC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM wcl@jila.colorado.edu RI Velarde, Luis/D-4929-2011; Blanksby, Stephen/C-8388-2013 OI Velarde, Luis/0000-0001-6329-3486; Blanksby, Stephen/0000-0002-8560-756X FU U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF); U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Robert A. Welch Foundation [B0027]; NSF [CHE-1012743] FX This work was funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) and the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research. W.T.B. thanks the Robert A. Welch Foundation for support through Grant B0027. Support for T.I. was provided by a grant from NSF (CHE-1012743) to Professor John F. Stanton of the University of Texas at Austin. NR 147 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 10 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 9 BP 1634 EP 1649 DI 10.1021/jp111311k PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 727WF UT WOS:000287832900019 PM 21323385 ER PT J AU Frossard, AA Shaw, PM Russell, LM Kroll, JH Canagaratna, MR Worsnop, DR Quinn, PK Bates, TS AF Frossard, Amanda A. Shaw, Patrick M. Russell, Lynn M. Kroll, Jesse H. Canagaratna, Manjula R. Worsnop, Douglas R. Quinn, Patricia K. Bates, Timothy S. TI Springtime Arctic haze contributions of submicron organic particles from European and Asian combustion sources SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETER; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; AMBIENT AEROSOL; AIR-POLLUTION; ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS AB The composition of Arctic aerosol, especially during the springtime Arctic haze, may play an important role in the radiative balance of the Arctic. The contribution of organic components to Arctic haze has only recently been investigated. Because measurements in this region are sparse, little is known about organic particle composition, sources, and concentrations. This study compares springtime measurements in the Arctic regions north of the Atlantic (ICEALOT, 2008) and Pacific (Barrow, Alaska, 2008 and 2009) oceans. The aerosol organic functional group composition from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy combined with positive matrix factorization (PMF) and elemental tracer analysis indicate that mixed combustion sources account for more than 60% (>0.3 mu g m(-3)) of the submicron organic mass (OM1) for springtime haze conditions in both regions. Correlations with typical combustion tracers (S, Zn, K, Br, V) provide evidence for the contribution of combustion sources to the Arctic OM1. However, the two regions are influenced by different urban and industrial centers with different fuel usage. High-sulfur coal burning in northeastern Europe impacts the northern Atlantic Arctic region, while oil burning and forest fires in northeastern Asia and Alaska impact the northern Pacific Arctic region. Quadrupole and High Resolution Aerosol Mass Spectrometry measurements confirm the highly oxygenated nature of the OM1, with an oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA) spectrum from PMF. High co-emissions of sulfate and organics from coal-burning in northeastern Europe produce significant concentrations of organosulfate functional groups that account for 10% of OM1 measured by FTIR spectroscopy during ICEALOT. These observations provide preliminary support for a heterogeneous mechanism of organosulfate formation on acidic sulfate particles. C1 [Frossard, Amanda A.; Shaw, Patrick M.; Russell, Lynn M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Quinn, Patricia K.; Bates, Timothy S.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Kroll, Jesse H.; Canagaratna, Manjula R.; Worsnop, Douglas R.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Kroll, Jesse H.] MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Frossard, AA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Mail Code 0221,9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM lmrussell@ucsd.edu RI Worsnop, Douglas/D-2817-2009; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI Worsnop, Douglas/0000-0002-8928-8017; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0744636, ARC-0714052] FX This study was funded by the National Science Foundation (ATM-0744636; ARC-0714052) as part of the International Polar Year. We would like to thank John Ogren, Pat Sheridan, Anne Jefferson, and the staff of the NOAA ESRL Barrow station for guidance and assistance in the collection of the particle measurements discussed here. The authors would also like to acknowledge Brian Lerner at NOAA ERSL for the collection and interpretation of NOX data during ICEALOT. NR 90 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 54 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 9 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D05205 DI 10.1029/2010JD015178 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 734HI UT WOS:000288324800003 ER PT J AU Denton, RE Thomsen, MF Takahashi, K Anderson, RR Singer, HJ AF Denton, R. E. Thomsen, M. F. Takahashi, K. Anderson, R. R. Singer, H. J. TI Solar cycle dependence of bulk ion composition at geosynchronous orbit SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-DENSITY; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; FIELD; PLASMASPHERE; SPACECRAFT; PLASMAPAUSE; DYNAMICS; MODEL; HE+ AB While the average ion mass M (normalized to amu) of bulk plasma at geosynchronous orbit has been calculated at solar maximum (during the era of the Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES)), the solar cycle dependence of bulk ion composition at geosynchronous orbit is not known. Here, we use measurements of mass density rho(m) from Alfven wave frequencies measured by the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites and ion density measurements by the Magnetospheric Particle Analyzer (MPA) on Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) spacecraft to establish the solar cycle dependence of bulk ion composition. We show that there is a strong correlation between the yearly median value of rho(m), rho(m),(yr-med), and the yearly average of the solar EUV flux F(10.7), F(10.7,yr-av); log(10)(rho(m,yr-med)) similar or equal to 0.5089 + 0.003607F(10.7,yr-av) (for rho(m) values adjusted to a magnetic latitude MLAT of 8 degrees). We calibrate the measurements of the MPA instrument on one spacecraft to those from another by using yearly median density values. Then, using close conjunctions of LANL spacecraft with CRRES (for which we have inferred values of rho(m) and n(e)), we calibrate the ideal theoretical value of MPA ion density n(MPA-th) (the value that MPA would measure if it measured all the ions) to the observed values directly measured by the instrument, n(MPA-obs). We find that n(MPA-th) is approximately 1.47 times the value of nMPA-obs measured by the LANL 1994 spacecraft. Using the yearly median values of rm as a function of F(10.7), the yearly median values of n(MPA-th) from the MPA instruments, and a model for the concentration of He+, we are able to calculate the solar cycle dependence of the average ion mass M and the O+ concentration eta(O+) equivalent to n(O+)/n(e). We find that M is typically similar to 3.8 at solar maximum and near unity at solar minimum. Typical values of eta(O+) vary by 2 orders of magnitude over the solar cycle, from about 0.2 at solar maximum to similar to 2 x 10(-3) at solar minimum. Furthermore, our results also demonstrate that the typical concentration of He+ must also be very low at solar minimum. Since the median yearly values of density are low, characteristic of the plasma trough, our results are most applicable to that region. Considering, however, that the plasmasphere and plume typically have a low concentration of O+, the concentration of O+ at geosynchronous orbit at solar minimum is likely to be low for all conditions (with the possible exception of very low densities for which the high-energy component might dominate). C1 [Denton, R. E.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Anderson, R. R.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52245 USA. [Singer, H. J.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Takahashi, K.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Thomsen, M. F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Denton, RE (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM richard.e.denton@dartmouth.edu; mthomsen@lanl.gov; kazue.takahashi@jhuapl.edu; roger-r-anderson@uiowa.edu; richard.e.denton@dartmouth.edu FU NSF [ATM-0632740, ATM-0751007]; NASA [NNX08AI36G]; U.S. Department of Energy FX Work at Dartmouth College (RED) and the Applied Physics Laboratory (KT) was supported by NSF grant ATM-0632740. Work at Dartmouth College was further supported by NSF grant ATM-0751007 and by NASA grant NNX08AI36G (Heliophysics Theory Program). Work at Los Alamos was conducted under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 9 PY 2011 VL 116 AR A03212 DI 10.1029/2010JA016027 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 734JS UT WOS:000288331000001 ER PT J AU Pizzo, V Millward, G Parsons, A Biesecker, D Hill, S Odstrcil, D AF Pizzo, Vic Millward, George Parsons, Annette Biesecker, Douglas Hill, Steve Odstrcil, Dusan TI Wang-Sheeley-Arge-Enlil Cone Model Transitions to Operations SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article C1 [Pizzo, Vic] NOAA SWPC, Boulder, CO USA. [Millward, George; Parsons, Annette; Biesecker, Douglas; Hill, Steve] SWPC, Boulder, CO USA. [Odstrcil, Dusan] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Pizzo, V (reprint author), NOAA SWPC, Boulder, CO USA. EM vic.pizzo@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD MAR 9 PY 2011 VL 9 AR S03004 DI 10.1029/2011SW000663 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 734HY UT WOS:000288326400001 ER PT J AU King, AL Barbeau, KA AF King, Andrew L. Barbeau, Katherine A. TI Dissolved iron and macronutrient distributions in the southern California Current System SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID COASTAL PHYTOPLANKTON; UPWELLING REGIME; SURFACE WATERS; NORTH-PACIFIC; LIMITATION; OCEAN; CHLOROPHYLL; PATTERNS; NUTRIENT; GROWTH AB The distribution of dissolved iron in the southern California Current System (sCCS) is presented from seven research cruises between 2002 and 2006. Dissolved iron concentrations were generally low in most of the study area (<0.5 nM), although high mixed layer and water column dissolved iron concentrations (up to 8 nM) were found to be associated with coastal upwelling, both along the continental margin and some island platforms. A significant supply of iron was probably not from a deep remineralized source but rather from the continental shelf and bottom boundary layer as identified in previous studies along the central and northern California coast. With distance offshore, dissolved iron decreased more rapidly relative to nitrate in a transition zone 10-250 km offshore during spring and summer, resulting in relatively high ratios of nitrate: dissolved iron. Higher nitrate: dissolved iron ratios could be the result of utilization and scavenging in addition to an overall lower supply of iron relative to nitrate in the offshore transition zones. The low supply of iron leads to phytoplankton iron limitation and a depletion in silicic acid relative to nitrate in the coastal upwelling and transition zones of the sCCS. C1 [King, Andrew L.; Barbeau, Katherine A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Geosci Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [King, Andrew L.] Univ So Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Marine Environm Biol Sect, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP King, AL (reprint author), NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 212 Rogers Ave, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM andrew.king@gmail.com FU NASA NIP [NAG5-12535]; NSF [OCE-0550302]; [LTER NSF/OCE-0417616] FX We thank B. Hopkinson; J. Nunnery; S. Reynolds; K. Roe; the CalCOFI research groups, especially R. Goericke, J. Wilkinson, and D. Wolgast; and the officers and crews of the R/V New Horizon, David Starr Jordan, and Revelle for assistance in collecting and analyzing data. Two anonymous reviewers greatly improved this manuscript. This research was funded by NASA NIP grants NAG5-12535, LTER NSF/OCE-0417616, and NSF OCE-0550302. NR 53 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR 9 PY 2011 VL 116 AR C03018 DI 10.1029/2010JC006324 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 734IX UT WOS:000288328900001 ER PT J AU Frenkel, M AF Frenkel, Michael TI Thermophysical and thermochemical properties on-demand for chemical process and product design SO COMPUTERS & CHEMICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Dynamic data evaluation; Global Information Systems; On demand; Process design; Product design; Thermochemical properties; Thermophysical properties ID XML-BASED APPROACH; THERMODATA ENGINE TDE; SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION; THERMODYNAMIC MODELS; STORAGE; STATE; EXCHANGE; UNCERTAINTY; EQUATIONS; QUALITY AB The article provides a perspective of chemical process and product design on-demand, plus its implementation and impact in addressing modern challenges faced by the chemical industry. The concepts of Global Information Systems in Science and Engineering in application to the field of thermodynamics as well as Dynamic Data Evaluation for thermophysical and thermochemical properties are discussed as underlying principles for implementation of chemical process and product design on-demand. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Frenkel, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, 325 Broadway,Mail Stop 838-01, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM frenkel@boulder.nist.gov NR 60 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-1354 J9 COMPUT CHEM ENG JI Comput. Chem. Eng. PD MAR 8 PY 2011 VL 35 IS 3 BP 393 EP 402 DI 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2010.12.013 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Chemical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 735KC UT WOS:000288411900002 ER PT J AU Wang, YJ D'Incao, JP Esry, BD AF Wang, Yujun D'Incao, J. P. Esry, B. D. TI Cold three-body collisions in hydrogen-hydrogen-alkali-metal atomic systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID LARGE SCATTERING LENGTH; RECOMBINATION; GASES; CONDENSATION; MOLECULES; STATES AB We have studied hydrogen-hydrogen-alkali three-body systems in the adiabatic hyperspherical representation. For the spin-stretched case, there exists a single XH molecular state when X is one of the bosonic alkali atoms: (7)Li, (23)Na, (39)K, (87)Rb, or (133)Cs. As a result, the only recombination process is the one that leads to formation of XH molecules, H + H + X -> XH + H, and such molecules will be stable against vibrational relaxation. We have calculated the collision rates for recombination and collision-induced dissociation as well as the elastic cross sections for H + XH collisions up to a temperature of 0.5 K, including the partial wave contributions from J(Pi) = 0(+) to 5(-). We have also found that there is just one three-body bound state for such systems for J(Pi) = 0(+) and no bound states for higher angular momenta. C1 [Wang, Yujun; D'Incao, J. P.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wang, Yujun; Esry, B. D.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [D'Incao, J. P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Wang, YJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Wang, Yujun/J-2132-2012; Esry, Brett/H-7511-2013 OI Wang, Yujun/0000-0002-8353-0423; Esry, Brett/0000-0003-3207-8526 FU National Science Foundation [PHY0970114]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX We acknowledge early assistance with the alkali-hydride potentials from J. J. Hua. We are also grateful to R. Cote and A. Derevianko for sharing their alkali-hydride potentials and data. This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation and in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. Y. W. and J.P.D. also acknowledge the support from the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY0970114. NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR 8 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 3 AR 032703 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.83.032703 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 731OQ UT WOS:000288119400006 ER PT J AU Kline, RJ Hudson, SD Zhang, XR Gundlach, DJ Moad, AJ Jurchescu, OD Jackson, TN Subramanian, S Anthony, JE Toney, MF Richter, LJ AF Kline, R. Joseph Hudson, Steven D. Zhang, Xinran Gundlach, David J. Moad, Andrew J. Jurchescu, Oana D. Jackson, Thomas N. Subramanian, Sankar Anthony, John E. Toney, Michael F. Richter, Lee J. TI Controlling the Microstructure of Solution-Processable Small Molecules in Thin-Film Transistors through Substrate Chemistry SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE organic electronics; thin-film transistors; grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction; transmission electron microscopy; FTIR; TESADT; crystal habits; morphology ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; BLEND ORGANIC TRANSISTORS; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; LARGE-AREA ELECTRONICS; HIGH-PERFORMANCE; SOLUBLE ANTHRADITHIOPHENE; PENTACENE FILMS; SEMICONDUCTORS; CRYSTALLIZATION; MORPHOLOGY AB Solution-processable small molecules have tremendous potential in macroelectronics applications by providing both high charge carrier mobility and low cost processing. Fluorinated 5,11-bis(triethylsilylethynl) anthradithiophene enables high performance thin film transistors due, in part, to a self-patterning process where crystals grow from chemically tailored contacts and bridge the transistor channel. This paper outlines a detailed microstructural study that identifies the crystallization mechanisms of the self-patterning. Two crystal habits are observed: we find that crystals on chemically modified electrodes predominantly form (001) oriented platelets while untreated surfaces form a fine mixture of (001) and (111) oriented crystals. For (001) oriented platelets, the (010) fast growth face lies in the plane of the film and allows extended growth from platelets nucleated on the electrode into the transistor channel. The in-plane charge carrier mobility of the (001) platelets is high; short channel lengths, crystal growth fronts from adjacent electrodes bridge the channel gap, resulting in the excellent device performance. On untreated surfaces between devices, the low charge carrier mobility, finely mixed state provides self-isolation for stable device operation. C1 [Kline, R. Joseph; Hudson, Steven D.; Zhang, Xinran] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gundlach, David J.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Moad, Andrew J.; Richter, Lee J.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jurchescu, Oana D.] Wake Forest Univ, Dept Phys, Winston Salem, NC 27106 USA. [Jackson, Thomas N.] Penn State Univ, Ctr Thin Film Devices, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Jackson, Thomas N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Subramanian, Sankar; Anthony, John E.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Toney, Michael F.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kline, RJ (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joe.idine@nist.gov; lee.richter@nist.gov RI Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008; Jackson, Thomas/A-4224-2012; Zhang, Xinran/D-2908-2014; Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016; OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724; Anthony, John/0000-0002-8972-1888 FU Office of Naval Research FX Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. J.E.A. and S.S. acknowledge the Office of Naval Research for support. We thank Christina Hacker for the XPS measurements of the SAM films. NR 44 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 5 U2 45 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAR 8 PY 2011 VL 23 IS 5 BP 1194 EP 1203 DI 10.1021/cm102834m PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 726ZP UT WOS:000287767200018 ER PT J AU Kristiansen, T Drinkwater, KF Lough, RG Sundby, S AF Kristiansen, Trond Drinkwater, Kenneth F. Lough, R. Gregory Sundby, Svein TI Recruitment Variability in North Atlantic Cod and Match-Mismatch Dynamics SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GADUS-MORHUA; LARVAL FISH; HABITAT SELECTION; CLASS STRENGTH; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LIFE-HISTORY; GEORGES BANK; GROWTH; SIZE; TEMPERATURE AB Background: Fisheries exploitation, habitat destruction, and climate are important drivers of variability in recruitment success. Understanding variability in recruitment can reveal mechanisms behind widespread decline in the abundance of key species in marine and terrestrial ecosystems. For fish populations, the match-mismatch theory hypothesizes that successful recruitment is a function of the timing and duration of larval fish abundance and prey availability. However, the underlying mechanisms of match-mismatch dynamics and the factors driving spatial differences between high and low recruitment remain poorly understood. Methodology/Principal Findings: We used empirical observations of larval fish abundance, a mechanistic individual-based model, and a reanalysis of ocean temperature data from 1960 to 2002 to estimate the survival of larval cod (Gadus morhua). From the model, we quantified how survival rates changed during the warmest and coldest years at four important cod spawning sites in the North Atlantic. The modeled difference in survival probability was not large for any given month between cold or warm years. However, the cumulative effect of higher growth rates and survival through the entire spawning season in warm years was substantial with 308%, 385%, 154%, and 175% increases in survival for Georges Bank, Iceland, North Sea, and Lofoten cod stocks, respectively. We also found that the importance of match-mismatch dynamics generally increased with latitude. Conclusions/Significance: Our analyses indicate that a key factor for enhancing survival is the duration of the overlap between larval and prey abundance and not the actual timing of the peak abundance. During warm years, the duration of the overlap between larval fish and their prey is prolonged due to an early onset of the spring bloom. This prolonged season enhances cumulative growth and survival, leading to a greater number of large individuals with enhanced potential for survival to recruitment. C1 [Kristiansen, Trond; Drinkwater, Kenneth F.; Sundby, Svein] Inst Marine Res, N-5024 Bergen, Norway. [Kristiansen, Trond; Drinkwater, Kenneth F.; Sundby, Svein] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Bergen, Norway. [Lough, R. Gregory] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Kristiansen, T (reprint author), Inst Marine Res, POB 1870, N-5024 Bergen, Norway. EM tk@trondkristiansen.com OI Kristiansen, Trond/0000-0001-6121-297X FU Norwegian Research Council [178239] FX This research was supported by the Norwegian Research Council through project ARCWARM #178239 to T. K. and K. D. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 58 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 6 U2 62 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 7 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 3 AR e17456 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0017456 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 731IP UT WOS:000288099800012 PM 21408215 ER PT J AU Li, X Shew, CY Liu, Y Pynn, R Liu, E Herwig, KW Smith, GS Robertson, JL Chen, WR AF Li, Xin Shew, Chwen-Yang Liu, Yun Pynn, Roger Liu, Emily Herwig, Kenneth W. Smith, Gregory S. Robertson, J. Lee Chen, Wei-Ren TI Prospect for characterizing interacting soft colloidal structures using spin-echo small angle neutron scattering SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STAR POLYMERS; COPOLYMER MICELLES; DENDRIMERS; SYSTEMS; TRANSITIONS; PARTICLES; LIQUIDS; SANS AB Spin-echo small angle neutron scattering (SESANS) provides a new experimental tool for structural investigation. Due to the action of spin-echo encoding, SESANS measures a spatial correlation function in real space, as opposed to the structure factor S(Q), I (Q), in momentum (Q) space measured by conventional small angle neutron scattering. To establish the usefulness of SESANS in structural characterization, particularly for interacting colloidal suspensions, we have previously conducted a theoretical study of the SESANS correlation functions for model systems consisting of particles with uniform density profiles [X. Li, C.-Y. Shew, Y. Liu, R. Pynn, E. Liu, K. W. Herwig, G. S. Smith, J. L. Robertson, and W.-R. Chen J. Chem. Phys. 132, 174509 (2010)]. Within the same framework, we explore in the present paper the prospect of using SESANS to investigate the structural characteristics of colloidal systems consisting of particles with nonuniform intraparticle mass distribution. As an example, a Gaussian model of interacting soft colloids is used to investigate the manifestation of structural softness in a SESANS measurement. The exploration shows a characteristically different SESANS correlation function for interacting soft colloids, in comparison to that of a uniform hard sphere system. The difference arises from the Abel transform imbedded in the mathematical formalism bridging the SESANS spectra and the spatial autocorrelation function. (c) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3559451] C1 [Li, Xin; Pynn, Roger; Herwig, Kenneth W.; Smith, Gregory S.; Chen, Wei-Ren] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Li, Xin; Liu, Emily] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Aerosp & Nucl Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Shew, Chwen-Yang] CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Dept Chem, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. [Liu, Yun] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Yun] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Pynn, Roger] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Robertson, J. Lee] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Facil Dev Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Chen, Wei-Ren] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Chen, WR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM chenw@ornl.gov RI Herwig, Kenneth/F-4787-2011; Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Li, Xin/K-9646-2013; Smith, Gregory/D-1659-2016 OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Li, Xin/0000-0003-0606-434X; Smith, Gregory/0000-0001-5659-1805 FU Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); City University of New York; U.S. Department of Energy through its Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Material Science and Engineering [ER46279]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG07-07ID14889]; U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission [NRC-38-08-950] FX K.W.H., G.S.S., J.L.R., and W.R.C. acknowledge the support of the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) for Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Spallation Neutron Source and High Flux Isotope Reactor. C.Y.S. was partially supported by the PSC grants of the City University of New York. R.P. was supported by U.S. Department of Energy through its Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Material Science and Engineering (Grant No. ER46279). X.L. and E.L. were supported in part by U.S. Department of Energy, under NERI-C Award No. DE-FG07-07ID14889, and U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, under Award No. NRC-38-08-950. NR 60 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 7 PY 2011 VL 134 IS 9 AR 094504 DI 10.1063/1.3559451 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 731DA UT WOS:000288085300041 PM 21384982 ER PT J AU Newman, AV Hayes, G Wei, Y Convers, J AF Newman, Andrew V. Hayes, Gavin Wei, Yong Convers, Jaime TI The 25 October 2010 Mentawai tsunami earthquake, from real-time discriminants, finite-fault rupture, and tsunami excitation SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUBDUCTION ZONES; ENERGY; DEFORMATION; MEGATHRUST; MAGNITUDE; DURATION; DEPTH AB The moment magnitude 7.8 earthquake that struck offshore the Mentawai islands in western Indonesia on 25 October 2010 created a locally large tsunami that caused more than 400 human causalities. We identify this earthquake as a rare slow-source tsunami earthquake based on: 1) disproportionately large tsunami waves; 2) excessive rupture duration near 125 s; 3) predominantly shallow, near-trench slip determined through finite-fault modeling; and 4) deficiencies in energy-to-moment and energy-to-duration-cubed ratios, the latter in near-real time. We detail the real-time solutions that identified the slow-nature of this event, and evaluate how regional reductions in crustal rigidity along the shallow trench as determined by reduced rupture velocity contributed to increased slip, causing the 59 m local tsunami runup and observed transoceanic wave heights observed 1600 km to the southeast. Citation: Newman, A. V., G. Hayes, Y. Wei, and J. Convers (2011), The 25 October 2010 Mentawai tsunami earthquake, from real-time discriminants, finite-fault rupture, and tsunami excitation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L05302, doi: 10.1029/2010GL046498. C1 [Newman, Andrew V.; Convers, Jaime] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Hayes, Gavin] US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Hayes, Gavin] Synerget Inc, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Wei, Yong] NOAA, Ctr Tsunami Res, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Wei, Yong] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Newman, AV (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM anewman@gatech.edu RI Newman, Andrew/E-7682-2012; Convers, Jaime/F-7248-2015; Wei, Yong/I-3462-2015 OI Newman, Andrew/0000-0001-7414-1197; Convers, Jaime/0000-0003-3144-5611; Wei, Yong/0000-0002-6908-1342 FU USGS-NEHRP [08HQGR0028] FX This paper was made possible through the availability of real-time GSN seismic data managed by the USGS-NEIC. We value the constructive reviews by G. Choy, S. Hammond, E. Bernard, S. Weinstein and an anonymous reviewer. USGS-NEHRP grant 08HQGR0028 supported the development of real-time energy calculations. NR 21 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 5 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L05302 DI 10.1029/2010GL046498 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 731DT UT WOS:000288087200003 ER PT J AU Girishkumar, MS Ravichandran, M McPhaden, MJ Rao, RR AF Girishkumar, M. S. Ravichandran, M. McPhaden, M. J. Rao, R. R. TI Intraseasonal variability in barrier layer thickness in the south central Bay of Bengal SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID NORTH INDIAN-OCEAN; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; MIXED-LAYER; SUMMER MONSOON; ARABIAN SEA; PACIFIC-OCEAN; HEAT-BUDGET; OF-BENGAL; CIRCULATION; DYNAMICS AB Time series measurements of temperature and salinity recorded at 8 degrees N, 90 degrees E in the south central Bay of Bengal from a Research Moored Array for African-Asian-Australian Monsoon Analysis and Prediction buoy, along with satellite altimetry and scatterometer data, are utilized to describe the seasonal and intraseasonal variability of barrier layer thickness (BLT) during November 2006 to April 2009. The BLT shows strong seasonality with climatological minima during both March-May and August-September and maxima during December-February. Large-amplitude, intraseasonal fluctuations in BLT are observed during September 2007 to May 2008 and during September 2008 to April 2009. The observed intraseasonal variability in BLT is mainly controlled by the vertical movement of isothermal layer depth (ILD) in the presence of a shallow mixed layer. Further, the analysis shows that both ILD and BLT are modulated by vertical stretching of the upper water column associated with westward propagating intraseasonal Rossby waves in the southern bay. These waves are remotely forced by intraseasonal surface winds in the equatorial Indian Ocean. C1 [Girishkumar, M. S.; Ravichandran, M.] Minist Earth Sci, Indian Natl Ctr Ocean Informat Serv, Hyderabad 500055, Andhra Pradesh, India. [McPhaden, M. J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Rao, R. R.] Andhra Univ, Dept Meteorol & Oceanog, Visakhapatnam 530003, Andhra Pradesh, India. RP Girishkumar, MS (reprint author), Minist Earth Sci, Indian Natl Ctr Ocean Informat Serv, Post Bag 21, Hyderabad 500055, Andhra Pradesh, India. EM ravi@incois.gov.in RI m s, girishkumar/B-6616-2013; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016; OI Ravichandran, Muthalagu/0000-0002-4602-0731 NR 55 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR 5 PY 2011 VL 116 AR C03009 DI 10.1029/2010JC006657 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 731ES UT WOS:000288089700007 ER PT J AU Fujisaki, A Mitsudera, H Yamaguchi, H AF Fujisaki, Ayumi Mitsudera, Humio Yamaguchi, Hajime TI Dense shelf water formation process in the Sea of Okhotsk based on an ice-ocean coupled model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID NORTH PACIFIC VENTILATION; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; INTERMEDIATE WATER; NORTHWESTERN SHELF; BRINE REJECTION; KURIL STRAITS; ART.; TRANSPORT; SAKHALIN AB Formation process of the dense shelf water (DSW) in the Sea of Okhotsk was investigated with an ice-ocean coupled model. The hindcast through 1998-2000 modeled the anomalous ice productions being controlled by air temperature and mean ice speed over the coastal area. Ice production was larger by 30% in 1998-1999, while less developed ice cover in 1999-2000 allowed larger heat loss from the ocean. The compensating heat loss sustained the similar production of the DSW for > 26.75 sigma(theta) in 1998-1999. However, ice production thickened up the density constitution of the DSW, which was significantly denser in 1998-1999. An experiment without brine rejection suggested such modification of the density constitution plays a rather more important role in brine rejection for the DSW property than an increase of the volumetric production. The signal of brine rejection reached the 27 sigma(theta) layer farther south in the Kuril Basin. The model also showed that when winter outflow of the DSW from the continental shelf was neglected, as is the case in observational estimations, the annual production was underestimated by 20% compared with actual productions in 1998-2000. Ice production was increased as the air-ice drag coefficient C(Dai) increased and as the ice-water drag coefficient C(Diw) decreased because of the intensified polynya activity. In contrast, the density constitution of the DSW was lightened with the increased C(Dai), as a linear balance of dominantly intensified advection and slight increase of ice production. Consequently, the DSW property seemed insensitive to C(Dai) and C(Diw) compared with the anomalous air conditions year by year. C1 [Mitsudera, Humio] Hokkaido Univ, Inst Low Temp Sci, Kita Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600819, Japan. [Fujisaki, Ayumi; Yamaguchi, Hajime] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Frontier Sci, Tokyo, Japan. RP Fujisaki, A (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab,NOAA, Room 305,4840 S State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM ayumi.fujisaki@noaa.gov; humiom@lowtem.hokudai.ac.jp; h-yama@k.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Mitsudera, Humio/E-3241-2012 FU Japan Society for Promotion of Science [20.9767] FX The authors wish to thank the Sea Ice Group of the Office of Marine Prediction, Japan Meteorological Agency, who provided the sea ice analysis and the objective analysis by the Regional Spectral Model. We also thank the group of K. I. Ohshima at the Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, who provided the merged observation data of the sea surface salinity. This study is supported by the grant-in-aid for the Japan Society for Promotion of Science (20.9767). NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR 4 PY 2011 VL 116 AR C03005 DI 10.1029/2009JC006007 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 731ER UT WOS:000288089600001 ER PT J AU Morrison, WE Hay, ME AF Morrison, Wendy E. Hay, Mark E. TI Herbivore Preference for Native vs. Exotic Plants: Generalist Herbivores from Multiple Continents Prefer Exotic Plants That Are Evolutionarily Naive SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ENEMY RELEASE HYPOTHESIS; FRESH-WATER MACROPHYTES; BIOTIC RESISTANCE; NATURAL ENEMIES; CHEMICAL DEFENSES; LESS HERBIVORY; INVASIONS; METAANALYSIS; INVADERS; INVASIVENESS AB Enemy release and biotic resistance are competing, but not mutually exclusive, hypotheses addressing the success or failure of non-native plants entering a new region. Enemy release predicts that exotic plants become invasive by escaping their co-adapted herbivores and by being unrecognized or unpalatable to native herbivores that have not been selected to consume them. In contrast, biotic resistance predicts that native generalist herbivores will suppress exotic plants that will not have been selected to deter these herbivores. We tested these hypotheses using five generalist herbivores from North or South America and nine confamilial pairs of native and exotic aquatic plants. Four of five herbivores showed 2.4-17.3 fold preferences for exotic over native plants. Three species of South American apple snails (Pomacea sp.) preferred North American over South American macrophytes, while a North American crayfish Procambarus spiculifer preferred South American, Asian, and Australian macrophytes over North American relatives. Apple snails have their center of diversity in South America, but a single species (Pomacea paludosa) occurs in North America. This species, with a South American lineage but a North American distribution, did not differentiate between South American and North American plants. Its preferences correlated with preferences of its South American relatives rather than with preferences of the North American crayfish, consistent with evolutionary inertia due to its South American lineage. Tests of plant traits indicated that the crayfish responded primarily to plant structure, the apple snails primarily to plant chemistry, and that plant protein concentration played no detectable role. Generalist herbivores preferred non-native plants, suggesting that intact guilds of native, generalist herbivores may provide biotic resistance to plant invasions. Past invasions may have been facilitated by removal of native herbivores, introduction of non-native herbivores (which commonly prefer native plants), or both. C1 [Morrison, Wendy E.; Hay, Mark E.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Morrison, WE (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM mark.hay@biology.gatech.edu RI Hay, Mark/D-9752-2011; Morrison, Wendy/G-1322-2012 OI Hay, Mark/0000-0002-6130-9349; FU National Science Foundation; Harry and Linda Teasley endowment FX Support provided via the National Science Foundation (Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship Program) and the Harry and Linda Teasley endowment to Georgia Tech. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 49 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 7 U2 75 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 4 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 3 AR e17227 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0017227 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 730HX UT WOS:000288025500006 PM 21394202 ER PT J AU Vinson, J Rehr, JJ Kas, JJ Shirley, EL AF Vinson, J. Rehr, J. J. Kas, J. J. Shirley, E. L. TI Bethe-Salpeter equation calculations of core excitation spectra SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; REAL-SPACE; GREENS-FUNCTION; SODIUM; XANES; OXIDE; HOLE; GAS AB We present a hybrid approach for Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) calculations of core excitation spectra, including x-ray absorption (XAS), electron energy loss spectra (EELS), and nonresonant inelastic x-ray scattering (NRIXS). The method is based on ab initio wave functions from the plane-wave pseudopotential code ABINIT; atomic core-level states and projector augmented wave (PAW) transition matrix elements; the NIST core-level BSE solver; and a many-pole self-energy model to account for final-state broadening and self-energy shifts. Multiplet effects are also approximately accounted for. The approach is implemented using an interface dubbed OCEAN (Obtaining Core Excitations using ABINIT and NBSE). To demonstrate the utility of the code we present results for the K edges in LiF as probed by XAS and NRIXS, the K edges of KCl as probed by XAS, the Ti L(2,3) edge in SrTiO(3) as probed by XAS, and the Mg L(2,3) edge in MgO as probed by XAS. These results are compared with experiment and with other theoretical approaches. C1 [Vinson, J.; Rehr, J. J.; Kas, J. J.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Shirley, E. L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vinson, J (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. OI Vinson, John/0000-0002-7619-7060 FU DOE BES [DE-FG03-97ER45623] FX This work was supported by DOE BES Grant NO. DE-FG03-97ER45623 and was facilitated by the DOE Computational Materials Science Network. We thank C. Ambrosch-Draxl, X. Gonze, K. Hamalainen, L. Reining, F. Vila, and the ABINIT development group for comments and discussions. NR 50 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 56 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 4 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 11 AR 115106 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.115106 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 730BN UT WOS:000288004000004 ER PT J AU Stahle, DW Diaz, JV Burnette, DJ Paredes, JC Heim, RR Fye, FK Soto, RA Therrell, MD Cleaveland, MK Stahle, DK AF Stahle, D. W. Villanueva Diaz, J. Burnette, D. J. Cerano Paredes, J. Heim, R. R., Jr. Fye, F. K. Soto, R. Acuna Therrell, M. D. Cleaveland, M. K. Stahle, D. K. TI Major Mesoamerican droughts of the past millennium SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAYA CIVILIZATION; CLIMATE; RECONSTRUCTIONS; COLLAPSE; PERIOD; MEXICO AB Ancient Montezuma baldcypress (Taxodium mucronatum) trees found in Barranca de Amealco, Queretaro, have been used to develop a 1,238-year treering chronology that is correlated with precipitation, temperature, drought indices, and crop yields in central Mexico. This chronology has been used to reconstruct the spring-early summer soil moisture balance over the heartland of the Mesoamerican cultural province, and is the first exactly dated, annually resolved paleoclimatic record for Mesoamerica spanning the Late Classic, Post Classic, Colonial, and modern eras. The reconstruction indicates that the Terminal Classic drought extended into central Mexico, supporting other sedimentary and speleothem evidence for this early 10th century drought in Mesoamerica. The reconstruction also documents severe and sustained drought during the decline of the Toltec state (1149-1167) and during the Spanish conquest of the Aztec state (1514-1539), providing a new precisely dated climate framework for Mesoamerican cultural change. Citation: Stahle, D. W., J. V. Diaz, D. J. Burnette, J. C. Paredes, R. R. Heim Jr., F. K. Fye, R. Acuna Soto, M. D. Therrell, M. K. Cleaveland, and D. K. Stahle (2011), Major Mesoamerican droughts of the past millennium, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L05703, doi: 10.1029/2010GL046472. C1 [Stahle, D. W.; Burnette, D. J.; Fye, F. K.; Cleaveland, M. K.; Stahle, D. K.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Geosci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Villanueva Diaz, J.; Cerano Paredes, J.] Inst Nacl Invest Forestales Agr & Pecuarias, Lab Dendrocronol, Gomez Palacio, Durango, Mexico. [Heim, R. R., Jr.] NOAA, Climate Serv & Monitoring Div, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Soto, R. Acuna] UNAM Mexico, Dept Microbiol & Parastol, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Therrell, M. D.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Geog, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Stahle, DW (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Geosci, Ozark Hall 113, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM villanueva.jose@inifap.gob.mx; djburne@uark.edu; cerano.julian@inifap.gob.mx; Richard.Heim@noaa.gov; ffye@uark.edu; yvonne@ibt.unam.mx; therrell@siu.edu; mcleavel@uark.edu RI Therrell, Matthew/N-8487-2016; OI Therrell, Matthew/0000-0002-9174-6005 FU NSF [ATM-0753399]; Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research [CRN II 2047, US NSF GEO-0452325] FX Support from the NSF Paleoclimatology Program (ATM-0753399) and the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (CRN II 2047, US NSF GEO-0452325). We thank E. R. Cook and an anonymous reviewer for helpful suggestions. All data available at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/paleo.html. NR 18 TC 62 Z9 66 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 3 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L05703 DI 10.1029/2010GL046472 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 731DO UT WOS:000288086700001 ER PT J AU Butchart, N Charlton-Perez, AJ Cionni, I Hardiman, SC Haynes, PH Kruger, K Kushner, PJ Newman, PA Osprey, SM Perlwitz, J Sigmond, M Wang, L Akiyoshi, H Austin, J Bekki, S Baumgaertner, A Braesicke, P Bruhl, C Chipperfield, M Dameris, M Dhomse, S Eyring, V Garcia, R Garny, H Jockel, P Lamarque, JF Marchand, M Michou, M Morgenstern, O Nakamura, T Pawson, S Plummer, D Pyle, J Rozanov, E Scinocca, J Shepherd, TG Shibata, K Smale, D Teyssedre, H Tian, W Waugh, D Yamashita, Y AF Butchart, N. Charlton-Perez, A. J. Cionni, I. Hardiman, S. C. Haynes, P. H. Krueger, K. Kushner, P. J. Newman, P. A. Osprey, S. M. Perlwitz, J. Sigmond, M. Wang, L. Akiyoshi, H. Austin, J. Bekki, S. Baumgaertner, A. Braesicke, P. Bruehl, C. Chipperfield, M. Dameris, M. Dhomse, S. Eyring, V. Garcia, R. Garny, H. Joeckel, P. Lamarque, J-F Marchand, M. Michou, M. Morgenstern, O. Nakamura, T. Pawson, S. Plummer, D. Pyle, J. Rozanov, E. Scinocca, J. Shepherd, T. G. Shibata, K. Smale, D. Teyssedre, H. Tian, W. Waugh, D. Yamashita, Y. TI Multimodel climate and variability of the stratosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE PERFORMANCE METRICS; MIDDLE-ATMOSPHERE CLIMATOLOGIES; VERTICALLY EXTENDED VERSION; FINAL WARMING EVENTS; PART I; METEOROLOGICAL ANALYSES; TRANSIENT SIMULATION; ARCTIC STRATOSPHERE; SUDDEN WARMINGS; TECHNICAL NOTE AB The stratospheric climate and variability from simulations of sixteen chemistry-climate models is evaluated. On average the polar night jet is well reproduced though its variability is less well reproduced with a large spread between models. Polar temperature biases are less than 5 K except in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) lower stratosphere in spring. The accumulated area of low temperatures responsible for polar stratospheric cloud formation is accurately reproduced for the Antarctic but underestimated for the Arctic. The shape and position of the polar vortex is well simulated, as is the tropical upwelling in the lower stratosphere. There is a wide model spread in the frequency of major sudden stratospheric warnings (SSWs), late biases in the breakup of the SH vortex, and a weak annual cycle in the zonal wind in the tropical upper stratosphere. Quantitatively, "metrics" indicate a wide spread in model performance for most diagnostics with systematic biases in many, and poorer performance in the SH than in the Northern Hemisphere (NH). Correlations were found in the SH between errors in the final warming, polar temperatures, the leading mode of variability, and jet strength, and in the NH between errors in polar temperatures, frequency of major SSWs, and jet strength. Models with a stronger QBO have stronger tropical upwelling and a colder NH vortex. Both the qualitative and quantitative analysis indicate a number of common and long-standing model problems, particularly related to the simulation of the SH and stratospheric variability. C1 [Butchart, N.; Hardiman, S. C.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Charlton-Perez, A. J.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. [Cionni, I.; Dameris, M.; Eyring, V.; Garny, H.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Phys Atmosphare, D-82234 Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Haynes, P. H.; Braesicke, P.; Pyle, J.] Univ Cambridge, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Cambridge CB2 1SZ, England. [Krueger, K.] Univ Kiel, Leibniz Inst Marine Sci, IFM GEOMAR, D-24148 Kiel, Germany. [Kushner, P. J.; Sigmond, M.; Wang, L.; Shepherd, T. G.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Newman, P. A.; Pawson, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Osprey, S. M.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. [Perlwitz, J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Perlwitz, J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Akiyoshi, H.; Nakamura, T.; Yamashita, Y.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Austin, J.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Bekki, S.; Marchand, M.] Univ Paris 06, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, LATMOS, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Baumgaertner, A.; Bruehl, C.; Garny, H.; Joeckel, P.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Chipperfield, M.; Dhomse, S.; Tian, W.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Garcia, R.; Lamarque, J-F] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Michou, M.] Meteo France, CNRS, GAME CNRM, F-31057 Toulouse 01, France. [Morgenstern, O.; Smale, D.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand. [Plummer, D.] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Rozanov, E.] World Radiat Ctr, Phys Meteorol Observ, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland. [Scinocca, J.] Univ Victoria, Meteorol Serv Canada, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. [Shibata, K.] Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. [Waugh, D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Butchart, N (reprint author), Met Off Hadley Ctr, FitzRoy Rd, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. EM neal.butchart@metoffice.gov.uk; a.j.charlton@reading.ac.uk RI Perlwitz, Judith/B-7201-2008; Nakamura, Tetsu/M-7914-2015; Jockel, Patrick/C-3687-2009; Dhomse, Sandip/C-8198-2011; Rozanov, Eugene/A-9857-2012; Charlton-Perez, Andrew/F-4079-2010; Newman, Paul/D-6208-2012; Sigmond, Michael /K-3169-2012; Baumgaertner, Andreas/C-4830-2011; Chipperfield, Martyn/H-6359-2013; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Wang, Lei/F-1269-2015; bekki, slimane/J-7221-2015; Braesicke, Peter/D-8330-2016; Kushner, Paul/H-6716-2016; Pawson, Steven/I-1865-2014; Eyring, Veronika/O-9999-2016; Osprey, Scott/P-6621-2016; OI Perlwitz, Judith/0000-0003-4061-2442; Nakamura, Tetsu/0000-0002-2056-7392; Jockel, Patrick/0000-0002-8964-1394; Dhomse, Sandip/0000-0003-3854-5383; Rozanov, Eugene/0000-0003-0479-4488; Charlton-Perez, Andrew/0000-0001-8179-6220; Newman, Paul/0000-0003-1139-2508; Sigmond, Michael /0000-0003-2191-9756; Baumgaertner, Andreas/0000-0002-4740-0701; Chipperfield, Martyn/0000-0002-6803-4149; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Wang, Lei/0000-0002-1618-1796; bekki, slimane/0000-0002-5538-0800; Braesicke, Peter/0000-0003-1423-0619; Kushner, Paul/0000-0002-6404-4518; Pawson, Steven/0000-0003-0200-717X; Eyring, Veronika/0000-0002-6887-4885; Osprey, Scott/0000-0002-8751-1211; Morgenstern, Olaf/0000-0002-9967-9740; Haynes, Peter/0000-0002-7726-6988 FU Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre [GA01101]; Ministry of the Environment of Japan [A-071, A-0903]; European Commission FX We acknowledge the Chemistry-Climate Model Validation Activity (CCMVal) of the World Climate Research Programme's (WCRP) Stratospheric Processes and their Role in Climate (SPARC) project for organizing and coordinating the model data analysis, and the British Atmospheric Data Centre (BADC) for collecting and archiving the CCMVal model output. ECMWF ERA-Interim data used in this study have been provided by ECMWF. The contribution from Neal Butchart and Steven Hardiman was supported by the Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101). The ERA-Interim results shown in Figure 10 were kindly provided by William Seviour of the University of Cambridge. CCSRNIES research was supported by the Global Environmental Research Fund of the Ministry of the Environment of Japan (A-071 and A-0903) and the simulations were completed with the super computer at CGER, NIES. The MRI simulation was made with the supercomputer at the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan. The contribution from the LATMOS-IPSL was supported by the European Commission through the funding of the RECONCILE and GEOMON projects. NR 72 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 4 U2 59 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 3 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D05102 DI 10.1029/2010JD014995 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 731DX UT WOS:000288087600001 ER PT J AU Lin, YJ Jimenez-Garcia, K Spielman, IB AF Lin, Y. -J. Jimenez-Garcia, K. Spielman, I. B. TI Spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID HGTE QUANTUM-WELLS; INSULATOR; STATE; PHASE AB Spin-orbit (SO) coupling-the interaction between a quantum particle's spin and its momentum-is ubiquitous in physical systems. In condensed matter systems, SO coupling is crucial for the spin-Hall effect(1,2) and topological insulators(3-5); it contributes to the electronic properties of materials such as GaAs, and is important for spintronic devices(6). Quantum many-body systems of ultracold atoms can be precisely controlled experimentally, and would therefore seem to provide an ideal platform on which to study SO coupling. Although an atom's intrinsic SO coupling affects its electronic structure, it does not lead to coupling between the spin and the centre-of-mass motion of the atom. Here, we engineer SO coupling (with equal Rashba(7) and Dresselhaus(8) strengths) in a neutral atomic Bose-Einstein condensate by dressing two atomic spin states with a pair of lasers(9). Such coupling has not been realized previously for ultracold atomic gases, or indeed any bosonic system. Furthermore, in the presence of the laser coupling, the interactions between the two dressed atomic spin states are modified, driving a quantum phase transition from a spatially spin-mixed state (lasers off) to a phase-separated state (above a critical laser intensity). We develop a many-body theory that provides quantitative agreement with the observed location of the transition. The engineered SO coupling-equally applicable for bosons and fermions-sets the stage for the realization of topological insulators in fermionic neutral atom systems. C1 [Lin, Y. -J.; Jimenez-Garcia, K.; Spielman, I. B.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lin, Y. -J.; Jimenez-Garcia, K.; Spielman, I. B.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jimenez-Garcia, K.] Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Dept Fis, Mexico City 07360, DF, Mexico. RP Spielman, IB (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ian.spielman@nist.gov RI Lin, Yu-Ju/F-7917-2012 FU ONR; ARO; DARPA OLE; NSF through the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute FX We thank E. Demler, T.-L. Ho and H. Zhai for conceptual input; and we appreciate conversations with J. V. Porto and W. D. Phillips. This work was partially supported by ONR, ARO with funds from the DARPA OLE programme, and the NSF through the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute. K.J.-G. acknowledges CONACYT. NR 30 TC 832 Z9 842 U1 16 U2 191 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 3 PY 2011 VL 471 IS 7336 BP 83 EP U99 DI 10.1038/nature09887 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 729BY UT WOS:000287924100038 PM 21368828 ER PT J AU Han, TH Helton, JS Chu, S Prodi, A Singh, DK Mazzoli, C Muller, P Nocera, DG Lee, YS AF Han, T. H. Helton, J. S. Chu, S. Prodi, A. Singh, D. K. Mazzoli, C. Mueller, P. Nocera, D. G. Lee, Y. S. TI Synthesis and characterization of single crystals of the spin-1/2 kagome-lattice antiferromagnets ZnxCu4-x(OH)(6)Cl-2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRIANGULAR-LATTICE; HERBERTSMITHITE; STATES AB The Zn-paratacamite family, ZnxCu4-x(OH)(6)Cl-2 for x >= 0.33, is an ideal system for studying spin-1/2 frustrated magnetism in the form of antiferromagnetic Cu2+ kagome planes. Here we report a new synthesis method by which high-quality millimeter-sized single crystals of Zn-paratacamite have been produced. These crystals have been characterized by metal analysis, x-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction, and thermodynamic measurements. The x = 1 member of the series displays a magnetic susceptibility that is slightly anisotropic at high temperatures with chi(c) > chi ab. Neutron and synchrotron x-ray diffraction experiments confirm the quality of these x = 1 single crystals and indicate no obvious structural transition down to temperatures of T 2 K. C1 [Han, T. H.; Helton, J. S.; Prodi, A.; Lee, Y. S.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Helton, J. S.; Singh, D. K.] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chu, S.] MIT, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Singh, D. K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mazzoli, C.] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, FR-38043 Grenoble, France. [Mueller, P.; Nocera, D. G.] MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Han, TH (reprint author), MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM tianheng@alum.mit.edu; younglee@mit.edu RI Helton, Joel/B-1798-2010; Muller, Peter/A-8858-2008; Mazzoli, Claudio/J-4360-2012 OI Muller, Peter/0000-0001-6530-3852; FU US Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-FG02-07ER46134]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX We thank E. A. Nytko, D. Freedman, and T. McQueen for useful discussions. The work at MIT was supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE) under Grant No. DE-FG02-07ER46134. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. NR 32 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 32 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 3 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 10 AR 100402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.100402 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 729ON UT WOS:000287960400002 ER PT J AU Villareal, TA Adornato, L Wilson, C Schoenbaechler, CA AF Villareal, Tracy A. Adornato, Lori Wilson, Cara Schoenbaechler, Caimee A. TI Summer blooms of diatom-diazotroph assemblages and surface chlorophyll in the North Pacific gyre: A disconnect SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN-FIXATION; RICHELIA-INTRACELLULARIS; OLIGOTROPHIC OCEAN; SPECIES STRUCTURE; SUBTROPICAL GYRE; TRANSITION ZONE; STATION ALOHA; MARINE SNOW; PHYTOPLANKTON; VARIABILITY AB The discovery of large summer chlorophyll blooms in oligotrophic regions of the ocean has led to questions about the relationship between these blooms and the frequently cooccurring outburst of nitrogen-fixing phytoplankton. We compared diatom-diazotroph assemblage (DDA) abundance to size-fractionated chlorophyll (chl) and satellite ocean color chlorophyll estimates to evaluate how DDAs affected ocean color estimates in the eastern and central North Pacific gyre at 28-30 degrees N. DDA blooms were dominated by either Hemiaulus hauckii (in the central Pacific in 2003 and the eastern Pacific in 2002) or by Rhizosolenia (eastern Pacific in 2002), both with nitrogen-fixing Richelia symbionts. The 2002 DDA bloom was measured a week prior to the development of a satellite-observed chlorophyll bloom at the same location. In contrast, the 2003 Hemiaulus bloom was not within a clearly defined satellite feature. Although DDA abundance increased 10(4)-10(5)-fold relative to the background and they dominated the net plankton (>= 5 mu m or > 10 mu m chl size) fraction, the in situ chl (maximum <= 0.11 mg m(-3)) never reached the 0.15 mg m(-3) threshold used to define satellite-observed chlorophyll blooms in oligotrophic waters. The DDA blooms were not evident in the in situ fluorometer data; however, the blooms occurred within high beam attenuation features observed in the transmissometer data. Trichodesmium was not a component of either diatom bloom although elevated levels of Trichodesmium were observed at two stations where DDAs were not abundant. While DDA blooms and satellite ocean chlorophyll blooms are sometimes coincident, our data do not support that DDAs are the sole source of the satellite-observed chlorophyll in summertime blooms. DDA blooms are likely underreported in the North Pacific, particularly in the waters west of Hawaii, due to their frequent lack of distinctive ocean color, fluorescence, and chlorophyll signatures. The source of the ocean color signature in the blooms remains elusive, but scattered literature observations suggest that cooccurring members of the near-surface flora such as the small pennate diatom Mastogloia may play an important role. C1 [Villareal, Tracy A.; Schoenbaechler, Caimee A.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. [Adornato, Lori] SRI Int, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Wilson, Cara] NOAA NMFS, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Villareal, TA (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, 750 Channel View Dr, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. EM t.villareal@mail.utexas.edu RI Villareal, Tracy/I-9462-2012; Wilson, Cara/A-8816-2009; OI Wilson, Cara/0000-0001-9318-2322 FU NSF [OCE-0099015] FX This project was supported by NSF OCE-0099015 (T. A. V.). We gratefully acknowledge the captain and crew of the R/V Melville and R/V New Horizon for their assistance and patience. Many people assisted us in the data collection including 2003 STEAMER (www.sedl.org/scimast/steamer/) participants Dora Leal, John Praytor, and Daryl Newcomb and 2002 UCSB undergraduates Meridith Meyers, Kirsten Green, Cherlyn Seruto, and Rebecca Polcyn. We acknowledge Eric Kaltenbacher for his assistance in development of the curtain plot MATLAB routine. We thank the associate editor and three reviewers for their comments which improved this manuscript. NR 53 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 32 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR 2 PY 2011 VL 116 AR C03001 DI 10.1029/2010JC006268 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 731EL UT WOS:000288089000001 ER PT J AU Tomich, SD Hufnagle, LC Chu, DZ AF Tomich, Stan D. Hufnagle, Lawrence C., Jr. Chu, Dezhang TI An Automated Calibration System For Fisheries Acoustic Surveys Developing an Accurate, Automated and Easy-to-Operate Standard Target Calibration System for Ship-Mounted Echosounders SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Tomich, Stan D.; Hufnagle, Lawrence C., Jr.; Chu, Dezhang] NOAA Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Tomich, SD (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. FU Northwest Fisheries Science Center, FRAM division FX The authors would like to acknowledge Steve de Blois and Matt Barnhart for assistance with setup and testing of the AACS; facilities manager Jim Herkelrath, facilities team supervisor John Rheaume and the entire facilities team for testing assistance; Lt. Sean D. Cimilluca of the NOAA Diving Center for assistance conducting system tests in the dive tank; and commanding officer Mike Hopkins and the crew of the Miller Freeman for assistance conducting the field calibration. Finally, the authors thank the Northwest Fisheries Science Center, FRAM division, for providing funding and support. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 52 IS 3 BP 37 EP + PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 871FY UT WOS:000298724500007 ER PT J AU Diniz, LO Nunes, FD Marega, E Weiner, J Borges, BV AF Diniz, Lorena O. Nunes, Frederico D. Marega, Euclydes, Jr. Weiner, John Borges, Ben-Hur V. TI Metal-Insulator-Metal Surface Plasmon Polariton Waveguide Filters With Cascaded Transverse Cavities SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cavity resonator filter; surface plasmon polariton (SPP); waveguides ID FINITE-WIDTH; REFLECTOR; BANDGAP; MODES AB In this work we propose a new approach for the design of resonant structures aiming at wavelength filtering applications. The structure consists of a subwavelength metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide presenting cascaded cavities transversely arranged in the midpoint between the input and output ports. An extra degree of freedom added to this design consists in tilting the cavities around their midpoints which, besides effectively increasing the quality factor of the cavity, helps extending its range of applications by tuning multiple wavelengths. C1 [Diniz, Lorena O.; Borges, Ben-Hur V.] Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos Sch Engn, Dept Elect Engn, BR-13566590 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. [Nunes, Frederico D.] Univ Fed Pernambuco, Dept Elect Engn, BR-50670901 Recife, PE, Brazil. [Marega, Euclydes, Jr.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Phys, BR-13566590 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. [Weiner, John] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Diniz, LO (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos Sch Engn, Dept Elect Engn, BR-13566590 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. EM benhur@sc.usp.br RI Marega Junior, Euclydes/D-5250-2012; Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, IFSC/USP/M-2664-2016 FU FAPESP; CAPES; CNPq FX This work was supported in part by the Brazilian agencies FAPESP, CAPES, and CNPq. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 17 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0733-8724 EI 1558-2213 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 2011 VL 29 IS 5 BP 714 EP 720 DI 10.1109/JLT.2010.2101582 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 843TP UT WOS:000296695800010 ER PT J AU Li, WH Li, LF Fu, R Deng, Y Wang, H AF Li, Wenhong Li, Laifang Fu, Rong Deng, Yi Wang, Hui TI Changes to the North Atlantic Subtropical High and Its Role in the Intensification of Summer Rainfall Variability in the Southeastern United States SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SOIL-MOISTURE; PRECIPITATION; ANTICYCLONES; TEMPERATURE; CIRCULATION; REANALYSIS; REGIONS; PROJECT; EVENTS; MODEL AB This study investigates the changes of the North Atlantic subtropical high (NASH) and its impact on summer precipitation over the southeastern (SE) United States using the 850-hPa geopotential height field in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis, the 40-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-40), long-tertii rainfall data, and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) model simulations during the past six decades (1948-2007). The results show that the NASH in the last 30 yr has become more intense, and its western ridge has displaced westward with an enhanced meridional movement compared to the previous 30 yr. When the NASH moved closer to the continental United States in the three most recent decades, the effect of the NASH on the interannual variation of SE U.S. precipitation is enhanced through the ridge's north south movement. The study's attribution analysis suggested that the changes of the NASH are mainly due to anthropogenic warming. In the twenty-first century with an increase of the atmospheric CO(2) concentration, the center of the NASH would be intensified and the western ridge of the NASH would shift farther westward. These changes would increase the likelihood of both strong anomalously wet and dry summers over the SE United States in the future, as suggested by the IPCC AR4 models. C1 [Li, Wenhong; Li, Laifang] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Fu, Rong] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX USA. [Deng, Yi] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Wang, Hui] NCEP NWS NOAA Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Wang, Hui] Wyle Informat Syst, Mclean, VA USA. RP Li, WH (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, 321C Old Chem Bldg,POB 90227, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM wenhong.li@duke.edu RI Fu, Rong/B-4922-2011; Wang, Hui/B-6516-2008; Deng, Yi/K-6664-2012 FU Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy; Duke University; NOAA [OAR-OGP-2006-2000116, NA10OAR4310157]; NASA [NNX09AJ36G] FX We thank the international modeling groups for providing their data for analysis, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) for collecting and archiving the model data, the JSC/CLIVAR Working Group on Coupled Modeling (WGCM) and their Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) and Climate Simulation Panel for organizing the model data analysis activity, and the IPCC WG1 TSU for technical support. The IPCC Data Archive at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is supported by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. We also thank Drs. Paul Baker and Song S. Qian for insightful discussion, Dr. Tianjun Zhou and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments, Dr. Muhammad Shaikh for graphic help, and Mr. John Trostel for editorial assistance. This work is supported by the startup funds from Duke University, the NOAA Climate Prediction Program for Americas (OAR-OGP-2006-2000116, NA10OAR4310157). Yi Deng is supported by NASA Energy and Water Cycle Study (NEWS) under Grant NNX09AJ36G. NR 29 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 4 U2 24 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR 1 PY 2011 VL 24 IS 5 BP 1499 EP 1506 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3829.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 743NQ UT WOS:000289025500013 ER PT J AU Wahl, ER Ammann, CM AF Wahl, Eugene R. Ammann, Caspar M. TI DISCUSSION OF: A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF MULTIPLE TEMPERATURE PROXIES: ARE RECONSTRUCTIONS OF SURFACE TEMPERATURES OVER THE LAST 1000 YEARS RELIABLE? SO ANNALS OF APPLIED STATISTICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID CLIMATE; SIMULATIONS C1 [Wahl, Eugene R.] NOAA, NESDIS, NCDC, Paleoclimatol Branch, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ammann, Caspar M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wahl, ER (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, NCDC, Paleoclimatol Branch, 325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Eugene.R.Wahl@noaa.gov; ammann@ucar.edu NR 18 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS PI CLEVELAND PA 3163 SOMERSET DR, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA SN 1932-6157 J9 ANN APPL STAT JI Ann. Appl. Stat. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 91 EP 95 DI 10.1214/10-AOAS398J PG 5 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 827TQ UT WOS:000295451800014 ER PT J AU Greenberg, RR Bode, P Fernandes, EAD AF Greenberg, Robert R. Bode, Peter De Nadai Fernandes, Elisabete A. TI Neutron activation analysis: A primary method of measurement SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Review DE Neutron activation analysis; Metrology; Primary method of measurement; Uncertainty budget; Metrological traceability ID QUALITY-ASSURANCE; SAMPLES AB Neutron activation analysis (NAA), based on the comparator method, has the potential to fulfill the requirements of a primary ratio method as defined in 1998 by the Comite Consultatif pour la Quantite de Matiere - Metrologie en Chimie (CCQM, Consultative Committee on Amount of Substance - Metrology in Chemistry). This thesis is evidenced in this paper in three chapters by: demonstration that the method is fully physically and chemically understood; that a measurement equation can be written down in which the values of all parameters have dimensions in SI units and thus having the potential for metrological traceability to these units; that all contributions to uncertainty of measurement can be quantitatively evaluated, underpinning the metrological traceability; and that the performance of NAA in CCQM key-comparisons of trace elements in complex matrices between 2000 and 2007 is similar to the performance of Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry (IDMS), which had been formerly designated by the CCQM as a primary ratio method. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Greenberg, Robert R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bode, Peter] Delft Univ Technol, Delft, Netherlands. [De Nadai Fernandes, Elisabete A.] Univ Sao Paulo, Ctr Energia Nucl Agr, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. RP Greenberg, RR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM robert.greenberg@nist.gov; p.bode@tudelft.nl; lis@cena.usp.br RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; De Nadai Fernandes, Elisabete/F-9018-2015 OI De Nadai Fernandes, Elisabete/0000-0003-1218-4882 NR 45 TC 81 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 33 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0584-8547 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr. PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 66 IS 3-4 BP 193 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.sab.2010.12.011 PG 15 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 787FI UT WOS:000292361600001 ER PT J AU Greenberg, RR Lindstrom, RM Mackey, EA Zeisler, R AF Greenberg, Robert R. Lindstrom, Richard M. Mackey, Elizabeth A. Zeisler, Rolf TI Evaluation of uncertainties for neutron activation analysis measurements using the comparator method of standardization SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID SELF-SHIELDING FACTORS; IUPAC TECHNICAL REPORT; BIOLOGICAL-MATERIALS; SIMPLE GEOMETRIES; UNIVERSAL CURVE; ATOMIC WEIGHTS; HALF-LIVES; ACCURACY; IRRADIATION; ELEMENTS C1 [Greenberg, Robert R.; Lindstrom, Richard M.; Mackey, Elizabeth A.; Zeisler, Rolf] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Greenberg, RR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM robert.greenberg@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 61 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0584-8547 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr. PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 66 IS 3-4 BP 208 EP 232 PG 25 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 787FI UT WOS:000292361600002 ER PT J AU Zhu, Q Moser, M Kemp, P AF Zhu, Q. Moser, M. Kemp, P. TI Numerical analysis of a unique mode of locomotion: vertical climbing by Pacific lamprey SO BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS LA English DT Article ID FISHES; EEL; MECHANICS; BEHAVIOR; RIVER AB Pacific lampreys are capable of climbing vertical wetted surfaces through a two-phase (bending and stretching) locomotion mode using the oral disc for adherence. We investigate the physical mechanism and performance of this process by using a continuous beam model. Two mechanisms, one akin to the jumping process and the other related to the fast stretching of the body, have been identified. This locomotion mode may inspire biomimetic designs of anguilliform swimming devices capable of overcoming steep obstacles. By using a genetic algorithm simulation we identify the combination of kinematic parameters corresponding to optimal efficiency (defined as the gravitational potential energy gained in each climbing step divided by the energy spent to activate the motion). These parameters are similar to laboratory observations of lamprey motion, suggesting that this type of locomotion has been optimized for maximum efficiency through evolution. C1 [Zhu, Q.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Struct Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Moser, M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Kemp, P.] Univ Southampton, Int Ctr Ecohydraul Res, Fac Engn & Environm, Southampton, Hants, England. RP Zhu, Q (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Struct Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM qizhu@ucsd.edu NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-3182 J9 BIOINSPIR BIOMIM JI Bioinspir. Biomim. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 6 IS 1 AR 016005 DI 10.1088/1748-3182/6/1/016005 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Robotics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Robotics GA 771JZ UT WOS:000291154300007 PM 21273687 ER PT J AU Wetz, MS Hutchinson, EA Lunetta, RS Paerl, HW Taylor, JC AF Wetz, Michael S. Hutchinson, Emily A. Lunetta, Ross S. Paerl, Hans W. Taylor, J. Christopher TI Severe droughts reduce estuarine primary productivity with cascading effects on higher trophic levels SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NEUSE RIVER ESTUARY; FRESH-WATER FLOW; NORTH-CAROLINA; CHESAPEAKE BAY; COMMUNITY-STRUCTURE; NUTRIENT LIMITATION; HABITAT DEGRADATION; COASTAL WATERS; STRIPED BASS; PHYTOPLANKTON AB Using a 10-yr time-series data set, we analyzed the effects of two severe droughts on water-quality and ecosystem processes in a temperate, eutrophic estuary (Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina). During the droughts, dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations were on average 46-68% lower than the long-term mean due to reduced riverine input. Phytoplankton productivity and biomass were slightly below average for most of the estuary during a spring-autumn drought in 2002, but were dramatically lower than average throughout the estuary during an autumn-winter drought in 2007-2008. Droughts affected upper trophic levels through alteration of both habitat condition (i.e., bottom-water dissolved oxygen levels) and food availability. Bottom-water dissolved oxygen levels were near or slightly above average during the 2002 drought and during summer 2007. Concomitant with these modest improvements in bottom-water oxygen condition, fish kills were greatly reduced relative to the long-term average. Low-oxygen bottom-water conditions were more pronounced during summer 2008 in the latter stages of the 2007-2008 drought, and mesozooplankton abundances were eight-fold lower in summer 2008 than during nondrought years. Below-average mesozooplankton abundances persisted for well over 1 yr beyond cessation of the drought. Significant fish kills were observed in summer 2008 and 2009, perhaps due to the synergistic effects of hypoxia and reduced food availability. These results indicate that droughts can exert both ephemeral and prolonged multiyear influence on estuarine ecosystem processes and provide a glimpse into the future, when many regions of the world are predicted to face increased drought frequency and severity due to climate change. C1 [Wetz, Michael S.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Life Sci, Corpus Christi, TX USA. [Hutchinson, Emily A.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Lunetta, Ross S.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Paerl, Hans W.] Univ N Carolina Chapel Hill, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC USA. [Taylor, J. Christopher] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC USA. RP Wetz, MS (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Life Sci, Corpus Christi, TX USA. EM michael.wetz@tamucc.edu FU National Research Council [EID 0812913]; National Science Foundation (NSF) Chemical Oceanography [OCE 0726989]; NSF Biological Oceanography [OCE 0825466]; North Carolina Sea Grant [R/MER-58]; Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [R82867701]; EPA's Global Earth Observation Systems of Systems Advanced Monitoring Initiative [14]; North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources FX This work was supported by a National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship to M. S. W., grants from National Science Foundation (NSF) Chemical Oceanography (OCE 0726989), NSF Biological Oceanography (OCE 0825466), NSF Ecology of Infectious Diseases Program (EID 0812913), North Carolina Sea Grant (R/MER-58), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Science to Achieve Results project R82867701, and the EPA's Global Earth Observation Systems of Systems Advanced Monitoring Initiative (grant 14). The ModMon program is supported with funding by the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources to HWP. NR 42 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 56 IS 2 BP 627 EP 638 DI 10.4319/lo.2011.56.2.0627 PG 12 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 765BG UT WOS:000290677800018 ER PT J AU Lombardi, MA Novick, AN Lopez, JM Jimenez, F Lopez, ED Boulanger, JS Pelletier, R de Carvalho, RJ Solis, R Sanchez, H Quevedo, CA Pascoe, G Perez, D Bances, E Trigo, L Masi, V Postigo, H Questelles, A Gittens, A AF Lombardi, Michael A. Novick, Andrew N. Mauricio Lopez R, J. Jimenez, Francisco de Carlos Lopez, Eduardo Boulanger, Jean-Simon Pelletier, Raymond de Carvalho, Ricardo J. Solis, Raul Sanchez, Harold Andres Quevedo, Carlos Pascoe, Gregory Perez, Daniel Bances, Eduardo Trigo, Leonardo Masi, Victor Postigo, Henry Questelles, Anthony Gittens, Anselm TI The SIM Time Network SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE frequency; Internet; regional metrology organization; time; traceability ID GPS; METROLOGY AB The Sistema Interamericano de Metrologia (SIM) is a regional metrology organization (RMO) whose members are the national metrology institutes (NMIs) located in the 34 nations of the Organization of American States (OAS). The SIM/OAS region extends throughout North, Central, and South America and the Caribbean Islands. About half of the SIM NMIs maintain national standards of time and frequency and must participate in international comparisons in order to establish metrological traceability to the International System (SI) of units. The SIM time network (SIMTN) was developed as a practical, cost effective, and technically sound way to automate these comparisons. The SIMTN continuously compares the time standards of SIM NMIs and produces measurement results in near real-time by utilizing the Internet and the Global Positioning System (GPS). Fifteen SIM NMIs have joined the network as of December 2010. This paper provides a brief overview of SIM and a technical description of the SIMTN. It presents international comparison results and examines the measurement uncertainties. It also discusses the metrological benefits that the network provides to its participants. C1 [Lombardi, Michael A.; Novick, Andrew N.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Mauricio Lopez R, J.; Jimenez, Francisco; de Carlos Lopez, Eduardo] Ctr Nacl Metrol CENAM, Queretaro, Mexico. [Boulanger, Jean-Simon; Pelletier, Raymond] NRC, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [de Carvalho, Ricardo J.] Natl Observ ONRJ, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Solis, Raul] Ctr Nacl Metrol Panama CENAMEP, Panama City, Panama. [Sanchez, Harold] ICE, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Andres Quevedo, Carlos] SIC, Bogota, Colombia. [Pascoe, Gregory] BSJ, Kingston, Jamaica. [Perez, Daniel] INTI, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Bances, Eduardo] LNM, Guatemala City, Guatemala. [Trigo, Leonardo] Adm Nacl Usinas & Trasmisiones Elect UTE, Montevideo, Uruguay. [Masi, Victor] INTN, Asuncion, Paraguay. [Postigo, Henry] INDECOPI, SNM, Lima, Peru. [Gittens, Anselm] SLBS, Castries, St Lucia. RP Lombardi, MA (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM michael.lombardi@nist.gov; andrew.novick@nist.gov NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 116 IS 2 BP 557 EP 572 DI 10.6028/jres.116.005 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 761ZR UT WOS:000290442500001 PM 26989584 ER PT J AU Stone, J Muralikrishnan, B Sahay, C AF Stone, Jack Muralikrishnan, Bala Sahay, Chittaranjan TI Geometric Effects When Measuring Small Holes With Micro Contact Probes SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coordinate measuring machine; mechanical filtering; micro-feature; probe-tip compensation ID METROLOGY; RECONSTRUCTION; CMM AB A coordinate measuring machine with a suitably small probe can be used to measure micro-features such as the diameter and form of small holes (often about 100 mu m in diameter). When measuring small holes, the clearance between the probe tip and the part is sometimes nearly as small as other characteristic lengths (such as probe deflection or form errors) associated with the measurement. Under these circumstances, the basic geometry of the measurement is much different than it is for the measurement of a macroscopic object. Various geometric errors are greatly magnified, and consequently sources of error that are totally irrelevant when measuring macroscopic artifacts can become important. In this article we discuss errors associated with misalignment or non-orthogonality of the probe axes, probe-tip radius compensation, and mechanical filtering. C1 [Stone, Jack; Muralikrishnan, Bala] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mech Metrol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sahay, Chittaranjan] Univ Hartford, Coll Engn Technol & Architecture, Hartford, CT 06117 USA. RP Stone, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mech Metrol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jack.stone@nist.gov; bala.muralikrishnan@nist.gov; sahay@hartford.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 13 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 9 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 116 IS 2 BP 573 EP 587 DI 10.6028/jres.116.006 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 761ZR UT WOS:000290442500002 PM 26989585 ER PT J AU Mighell, AD AF Mighell, Alan D. TI The Role of Lattice Matching Techniques in the Characterization of Polymorphic Forms SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE derivative lattice analysis; lattice-matching techniques; matrix strategy; polymorph characterization; pseudo-polymorphs; reduced cell strategy ID TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE OXIDE HEMIHYDRATE; REDUCED CELLS; CARBAMAZEPINE; CRYSTAL; IDENTIFICATION; FUROSEMIDE; SYMMETRY AB An inspection of the recent literature reveals that polymorphism is a frequently encountered phenomenon. The recognition of polymorphic forms plays a vital role in the materials sciences because such structures are characterized by different crystal packing and accordingly have different physical properties. In the pharmaceutical industry, recognition of polymorphic forms can be critical for, in certain cases, a polymorphic form of a drug may be an ineffective therapeutic agent due to its unfavorable physical properties. A check of the recent literature has revealed that in some cases new polymorphic forms are not recognized. In other instances, a supposedly new polymeric form is actually the result of an incorrect structure determination. Fortunately, lattice-matching techniques, which have proved invaluable in the identification and characterization of crystal structures, represent a powerful tool for analyzing polymorphic forms. These lattice-matching methods are based on either of two strategies: (a) the reduced cell strategy-the matching of reduced cells of the respective lattices or (b) the matrix strategy-the determination of a matrix or matrices relating the two lattices coupled with an analysis of the matrix elements. Herein, these techniques are applied to three typical cases-(a) the identification of a new polymorphic form, (b) the demonstration that a substance may not be a new polymorphic form due to missed symmetry, and (c) the evaluation of pseudo polymorphism because of a missed lattice. To identify new polymorphic forms and to prevent errors, it is recommended that these lattice matching techniques become an integral part of the editorial review process of crystallography journals. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mighell, AD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM alan.mighell@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 11 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 116 IS 2 BP 589 EP 597 DI 10.6028/jres.116.007 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 761ZR UT WOS:000290442500003 PM 26989586 ER PT J AU Kramida, A AF Kramida, Alexander TI Re-Optimized Energy Levels and Ritz Wavelengths of Hg-198 I SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atomic spectra; energy levels; mercury atom; reference data; standard wavelength ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; HOLLOW-CATHODE SOURCE; MERCURY 198; 5865 NM; AR-I; LINES; REGION; HG198; STANDARDS; EMISSION AB The procedure of level optimization for the Hg-198 I spectrum emitted by electrodeless discharge lamps is revisited. Wavelength-measurement uncertainties and systematic shifts caused by interactions with the buffer gas and by calibration procedures are carefully analyzed and accounted for. Based on this extended analysis of the original measurements, the energy levels are re-optimized, which results in an improved set of level values consistent with the revised measured wavelengths. The newly obtained reliable Ritz wavelengths can be used as secondary wavelength standards in the wide range from 1200 angstrom to 65 000 angstrom. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Spect Grp, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kramida, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Spect Grp, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM alexander.kramida@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; OI Kramida, Alexander/0000-0002-0788-8087 NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 116 IS 2 BP 599 EP 619 DI 10.6028/jres.116.008 PG 21 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 761ZR UT WOS:000290442500004 PM 26989587 ER PT J AU Datla, RU Rice, JP Lykke, KR Johnson, BC Butler, JJ Xiong, X AF Datla, R. U. Rice, J. P. Lykke, K. R. Johnson, B. C. Butler, J. J. Xiong, X. TI Best Practice Guidelines for Pre-Launch Characterization and Calibration of Instruments for Passive Optical Remote Sensing SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE best practice guidelines; radiometric calibrations; remote sensing; SI traceability ID INFRARED TRANSFER RADIOMETER; EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEM; SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE; FILTER RADIOMETERS; NIST; MODIS; VALIDATION; FACILITY; MOON; NM AB The pre-launch characterization and calibration of remote sensing instruments should be planned and carried out in conjunction with their design and development to meet the mission requirements. The onboard calibrators such as blackbodies and the sensors such as spectral radiometers should be characterized and calibrated using SI traceable standards. In the case of earth remote sensing, this allows inter-comparison and intercalibration of different sensors in space to create global time series of climate records of high accuracy where some inevitable data gaps can be easily bridged. The recommended best practice guidelines for this pre-launch effort is presented based on experience gained at National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) programs over the past two decades. The currently available radiometric standards and calibration facilities at NIST serving the remote sensing community are described. Examples of best practice calibrations and intercomparisons to build SI (international System of Units) traceable uncertainty budget in the instrumentation used for preflight satellite sensor calibration and validation are presented. C1 [Datla, R. U.; Johnson, B. C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xiong, X.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Butler, J. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Datla, RU (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM raju.datla@nist.gov; joe.rice@nist.gov; keith.lykke@nist.gov; carol.johnson@nist.gov; james.j.butler@nasa.gov; xiaxiong.xiong-1@nasa.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Butler, James/D-4188-2013 NR 43 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 116 IS 2 BP 621 EP 646 DI 10.6028/jres.116.009 PG 26 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 761ZR UT WOS:000290442500005 PM 26989588 ER PT J AU Chang, CP Lau, NC Johnson, RH Jiao, MY AF Chang, Chih-Pei Lau, Ngar-Cheung Johnson, Richard H. Jiao, Meiyan TI BRIDGING WEATHER AND CLIMATE IN RESEARCH AND FORECASTS OF THE GLOBAL MONSOON SYSTEM SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Chang, Chih-Pei] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Lau, Ngar-Cheung] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Lau, Ngar-Cheung] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Johnson, Richard H.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Jiao, Meiyan] China Meteorol Adm, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Chang, CP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM cpchang@nps.edu NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 92 IS 3 BP 369 EP 373 DI 10.1175/2010BAMS2984.1 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 758YD UT WOS:000290202700008 ER PT J AU Poff, M Bass, A Sweeney, R Bahlinger, K Chatellier, M AF Poff, Michael Bass, Aaron Sweeney, Rachel Bahlinger, Kenneth Chatellier, Maury TI Feasibility Study Analysis for Riverine Sand Mining/Scofield Island Restoration SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ecosystem restoration; beach nourishment; sand sources; cutterhead and hopper dredges; Mississippi River; coastal processes; borrow area design; river navigation AB POFF, M.; BASS, A.; SWEENEY R.; BAHLINGER, K., and CHATELLIER, M., 2011. Feasibility Study Analysis for Riverine Sand Mining/Scofield Island Restoration. In: Roberts, T.M., Rosati, J.D., and Wang, P. (eds.), Proceedings, Symposium to Honor Dr. Nicholas C. Kraus, Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue, No. 59, pp. 235-245. West Palm Beach (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. A detailed feasibility study was performed to evaluate mining and transporting sand from the Mississippi River to restore Scofield Island, a rapidly-deteriorating barrier island in Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana. The proposed ecosystem restoration project includes reconstructing the beach and dune overtop the remaining island framework and closing existing breaches with riverine sand; and utilizing mixed sediments from an offshore mixed sediment source to construct a back-barrier marsh platform to create and sustain natural resource habitats and serve as the rollover platform for overwash sand. Studied and evaluated were the sand sources in the Mississippi River; methods for excavating and transporting the sand to Scofield Island; conveyance corridors from the river to the island; potential environmental and socioeconomic impacts; and estimated costs for various combinations of the aforementioned. Evaluation of eight alternative combinations of sand sources, excavation methods, and conveyance corridors on the basis of sixteen controlling factors and impact issues resulted in the recommendation of two riverine borrow areas and one conveyance corridor along an existing navigation waterway. C1 [Poff, Michael] Coastal Engn Consultants Inc, Naples, FL 34104 USA. [Bass, Aaron] SJB Grp LLC, Baton Rouge, LA 70821 USA. [Bahlinger, Kenneth; Chatellier, Maury] Off Coastal Protect & Restorat, Baton Rouge, LA 70804 USA. [Sweeney, Rachel] Louisiana State Univ, NOAA Fisheries, US Dept Commerce, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Poff, M (reprint author), Coastal Engn Consultants Inc, 3106 S Horseshoe Dr, Naples, FL 34104 USA. EM mpoff@cecifl.com NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SPR PY 2011 SI 59 BP 235 EP 245 DI 10.2112/SI59-025.1 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 757YW UT WOS:000290126500026 ER PT J AU Sobin, JM Morton, RL AF Sobin, Jacob M. Morton, Ryan L. TI Message From the Guest Editors FOREWORD SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Sobin, Jacob M.] NOAA, Coastal Serv Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 45 IS 2 BP 5 EP 7 PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 760AW UT WOS:000290294000001 ER PT J AU Murphy, P AF Murphy, Peter TI Marine Debris-More Than Meets the Eye (or Sensor): Strategies and Approaches to Improving Benthic and Pelagic Marine Debris Detection and Mitigation SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA, Marine Debris Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Murphy, P (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Debris Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 3,Room 2020, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM peter.murphy@noaa.gov NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 45 IS 2 BP 9 EP 11 PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 760AW UT WOS:000290294000002 ER PT J AU White, SA Parrish, CE Calder, BR Pe'eri, S Rzhanov, Y AF White, Stephen A. Parrish, Christopher E. Calder, Brian R. Pe'eri, Shachak Rzhanov, Yuri TI LIDAR-Derived National Shoreline: Empirical and Stochastic Uncertainty Analyses SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE National shoreline; topographic LIDAR; uncertainty; Monte Carlo simulation; empirical measurements; stochastic modeling ID WATER LINE; ACCURACY; POSITION; COASTAL AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Geodetic Survey (NGS) is mandated to map the national shoreline, which is depicted on NOAA nautical charts, serves as an important source in determining territorial limits, and is widely used in various coastal science and management applications. The National Geodetic Survey's primary method of mapping the national shoreline is through stereo compilation from tide-coordinated aerial photography. However, over the past decade, NGS has conducted several phases of research to develop, test, and refine light detection and ranging (LIDAR)-based shoreline mapping procedures. Although important, reliable estimates of uncertainty of these products have, unfortunately, lagged behind in development. We attempt here to outline possible solutions to this lack. Specifically, this study presents and compares two new methods of assessing the uncertainty of NGS' LIDAR-derived shoreline: an empirical (ground-based) approach and a stochastic (Monte Carlo) approach. We observe uncertainties in the horizontal position of the shorelines on the order of 1 to 6 m (95%) depending on location and, especially, beach slope. We show that appropriate adjustment for biases can reduce these to about 1 m (95%) and that the two methods of assessing the uncertainty show good agreement in our test cases. C1 [White, Stephen A.; Parrish, Christopher E.] Natl Ocean Serv, NGS Remote Sensing Div, NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Calder, Brian R.; Pe'eri, Shachak; Rzhanov, Yuri] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP White, SA (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, NGS Remote Sensing Div, NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Stephen.A.White@noaa.gov NR 39 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SPR PY 2011 SI 62 BP 62 EP 74 DI 10.2112/SI_62_7 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 757YX UT WOS:000290126600007 ER PT J AU Pe'eri, S Morgan, LV Philpot, WD Armstrong, AA AF Pe'eri, Shachak Morgan, Lynnette V. Philpot, William D. Armstrong, Andrew A. TI Land-Water Interface Resolved from Airborne LIDAR Bathymetry (ALB) Waveforms SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Shoreline; airborne LIDAR bathymetry (ALB); waveforms ID SCATTERING; BUBBLES; OCEAN AB Airborne light detection and ranging (LIDAR) bathymetry (ALB) is an efficient remote-sensing technique for shallow-water mapping using green-channel waveforms. In addition to the green-channel waveforms, the SHOALS-3000 ALB system collects laser measurements in the red and infrared channels. The goal of this study was to evaluate the capacity of the ALB system to discriminate between land and water using all available channels in the system. This paper provides a review of all currently available ALB-based land-water interface algorithms (green-, red-, and infrared-channel waveforms) and a quantitative evaluation of the algorithms' performance on the basis of both individual laser measurement products and the resulting shoreline vector feature. Data for this study were collected with the use of a SHOALS-3000 system over five study sites along the New Hampshire and Maine coastlines that contain rocks, vegetation, and man-made features. All ALB shoreline algorithms show successful results in discriminating between land and water, but the best-performing algorithm only contains information from the infrared (IR)-channel waveforms (IR saturation algorithm) and the worst-performing algorithms only contain information from the red-channel waveforms (red standard deviation algorithm). The main environmental parameters that affect the performances of the algorithms are the vegetation in the rocky shoreline and the presence of surf along the sandy shoreline. C1 [Pe'eri, Shachak; Morgan, Lynnette V.; Armstrong, Andrew A.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Morgan, Lynnette V.] NOAA, NOAA Ship Fairweather, Ketchikan, AK 99901 USA. [Philpot, William D.] Cornell Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Armstrong, Andrew A.] NOAA, Joint Hydrog Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Pe'eri, S (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM shachak@ccom.unh.edu OI Philpot, William/0000-0002-5283-4774 FU University of New Hampshire [NA05NOS4001153] FX The authors thank Stephen White, Christopher Parrish, Adam Dunbar, and Mike Askalsen from National Geodetic Survey, NOAA; David Scharff, Jeffrey Ferguson, and Gerd Glang from the Office of Coast Survey, NOAA; and Jennifer Wozencraft and Jeff Lillycrop from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers/Joint Airborne LIDAR Bathymetry Technical Center of Expertise (JALBTCX). Software support was provided by Optech International. This project was funded by the University of New Hampshire Tyco Fellowship for Ocean Mapping and grant NA05NOS4001153. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SPR PY 2011 SI 62 BP 75 EP 85 DI 10.2112/SI_62_8 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 757YX UT WOS:000290126600008 ER PT J AU Helmle, KP Dodge, RE Swart, PK Gledhill, DK Eakin, CM AF Helmle, Kevin P. Dodge, Richard E. Swart, Peter K. Gledhill, Dwight K. Eakin, C. Mark TI Growth rates of Florida corals from 1937 to 1996 and their response to climate change SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID MODERN INTERDECADAL VARIABILITY; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; CO2 PARTIAL-PRESSURE; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; SKELETAL EXTENSION; MASSIVE PORITES; MONTASTRAEA-ANNULARIS; SCLERACTINIAN CORAL; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; NORTH-ATLANTIC AB Ocean acidification causes declines in calcification rates of corals because of decreasing aragonite saturation states (Omega(arag)). Recent evidence also indicates that increasing sea surface temperatures may have already reduced growth and calcification rates because of the stenothermic threshold of localized coral populations. Density banding in coral skeletons provides a record of growth over the coral's lifespan. Here we present coral extension, bulk density and calcification master chronologies from seven subtropical corals (Montastraea faveolata) located in the Florida Keys, USA with a 60-year common period, 1937-1996. Linear trends indicate that extension increased, density decreased and calcification remained stable while the most recent decade was not significantly different than decadal averages over the preceding 50 years for extension and calcification. The results suggest that growth rates in this species of subtropical coral have been tolerant to recent climatic changes up to the time of collection (1996). C1 [Helmle, Kevin P.; Dodge, Richard E.] Nova SE Univ, Oceanog Ctr, Natl Coral Reef Inst, Dania, FL 33004 USA. [Helmle, Kevin P.; Gledhill, Dwight K.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Helmle, Kevin P.; Gledhill, Dwight K.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ocean Chem Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Swart, Peter K.] Univ Miami, Div Marine Geol & Geophys, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Eakin, C. Mark] NOAA Coral Reef Watch, Div Satellite Applicat & Res Satellite Oceanog &, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Helmle, KP (reprint author), Nova SE Univ, Oceanog Ctr, Natl Coral Reef Inst, 8000 N Ocean Dr, Dania, FL 33004 USA. EM kevinh@nova.edu RI Helmle, Kevin/B-5241-2011; kohki, sowa/D-2955-2011; Swart, Peter/K-7041-2016; Eakin, C. Mark/F-5585-2010 OI Helmle, Kevin/0000-0002-9906-5845; FU National Coral Reef Institute; NOAA; NOAA Coral Reef Watch; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA17RJ1226] FX Support for this project was provided by the National Coral Reef Institute, NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Programme and NOAA Coral Reef Watch. This research was, in part, performed while KPH held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory and part under the auspices of the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), a Cooperative Institute of the University of Miami and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, cooperative agreement #NA17RJ1226. Cores were collected under a NOAA/NURP award to P.K.S. and R.E.D. We are especially grateful to Kevin E. Kohler for programming and development of CoralXDS software. We thank Otto Rutten and Daniel Anderegg for assistance during coring, Rik Wanninkhof for valuable comments during manuscript development, and Greta Mackenzie for manuscript editing. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision or position on behalf of NOAA or the US Government. NR 58 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 50 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 2 AR 215 DI 10.1038/ncomms1222 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 756AC UT WOS:000289982600005 PM 21364554 ER PT J AU Outcalt, SL Laesecke, A AF Outcalt, Stephanie L. Laesecke, Arno TI Measurements of Density and Speed of Sound of JP-10 and a Comparison to Rocket Propellants and Jet Fuels SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; KINETICS; VISCOSITIES; ENTHALPIES; COMBUSTION; MIXTURES; MODELS; RP-1; S-8 AB Densities of the missile fuel JP-10 were measured with two vibrating-tube densimeters. The combined range of the data is from 270 to 470 K, with pressures up to 30 MPa. The speed of sound in the fuel was measured with a propagation time method at ambient pressure from 278.15 to 343.15 K. The results for density and speed of sound at ambient pressure were combined to obtain the adiabatic compressibility. Correlations are reported that represent the temperature and pressure dependence of the experimental density data within their estimated uncertainty. The properties of JP-10 are compared to those of other previously measured jet and rocket fuels. C1 [Outcalt, Stephanie L.; Laesecke, Arno] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Thermophys Properties Div, Expt Properties Fluids Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Outcalt, SL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Thermophys Properties Div, Expt Properties Fluids Grp, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM out-calt@boulder.nist.gov FU Air Force Research Laboratory [MIPR F4FBEY5102G001] FX We acknowledge the financial support of the Air Force Research Laboratory (MIPR F4FBEY5102G001) and valuable discussions with our colleague Dr. Thomas Bruno (NIST, Boulder, CO) during the writing of this paper. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAR PY 2011 VL 25 IS 3 BP 1132 EP 1139 DI 10.1021/ef101561f PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 751JL UT WOS:000289613300033 ER PT J AU Morris, JA Sullivan, CV Govoni, JJ AF Morris, James A., Jr. Sullivan, Craig V. Govoni, John J. TI Oogenesis and spawn formation in the invasive lionfish, Pterois miles and Pterois volitans SO SCIENTIA MARINA LA English DT Article DE lionfish; Pterois; oogenesis; ovarian peduncle; oocyte; invasions ID DENDROCHIRUS-BRACHYPTERUS PTEROIDAE; SCORPAENIDAE; ATLANTIC; SEBASTES; REPRODUCTION; JUVENILES; TELEOSTEI; FISHES; GROWTH; LARVAE AB The Indo-Pacific lionfish, Pterois miles and P. volitans, have recently invaded the U.S. east coast and the Caribbean and pose a significant threat to native reef fish communities. Few studies have documented reproduction in pteroines from the Indo-Pacific. This study provides a description of oogenesis and spawn formation in P. miles and P. volitans collected from offshore waters of North Carolina, U.S.A and the Bahamas. Using histological and laboratory observations, we found no differences in reproductive biology between P. miles and P. volitans. These lionfish spawn buoyant eggs that are encased in a hollow mass of mucus produced by specialized secretory cells of the ovarian wall complex. Oocytes develop on highly vascularized peduncles with all oocyte stages present in the ovary of spawning females and the most mature oocytes placed terminally, near the ovarian lumen. Given these ovarian characteristics, these lionfish are asynchronous, indeterminate batch spawners and are thus capable of sustained reproduction throughout the year when conditions are suitable. This mode of reproduction could have contributed to the recent and rapid establishment of these lionfish in the northwestern Atlantic and Caribbean. C1 [Morris, James A., Jr.; Govoni, John J.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Sullivan, Craig V.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Morris, JA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM James.Morris@noaa.gov RI Sullivan, Craig/B-3863-2014 OI Sullivan, Craig/0000-0002-3609-9458 FU NOAA; NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science FX This work was funded in part by the NOAA Aquatic Invasive Species Program and the NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science. We thank P. Whitfield and the many scientific divers from the NOAA Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research for sampling assistance. We also thank L. Akins and volunteers from the Reef Environmental Education Foundation for their tremendous support of lionfish collections in the Bahamas. We thank dive operators B. Purdy and S. Cove for their gracious field support. All Bahamian lionfish were collected under a research permit MAF/FIS/12: MAF/FIS/17 to J. Morris. We also thank M. Dykstra (NCSU LAELOM) for assistance with SEM imagery, D. Freshwater for undertaking the genetic identification of lionfish samples, and S. Horton for providing histological NR 42 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 15 U2 79 PU INST CIENCIAS MAR BARCELONA PI BARCELONA PA PG MARITIM DE LA BARCELONETA, 37-49, 08003 BARCELONA, SPAIN SN 0214-8358 J9 SCI MAR JI Sci. Mar. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 75 IS 1 BP 147 EP 154 DI 10.3989/scimar.2011.75n1147 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 753FT UT WOS:000289754600015 ER PT J AU Ngan, F Byun, D AF Ngan, Fong Byun, Daewon TI Classification of Weather Patterns and Associated Trajectories of High-Ozone Episodes in the Houston-Galveston-Brazoria Area during the 2005/06 TexAQS-II SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; METEOROLOGY; RESOLUTION; IMPACT AB The 850-hPa synoptic flow patterns over eastern Texas and adjacent states during the 2005/06 Second Texas Air Quality Studies (TexAQS-II) period were classified into six groups using a two-stage clustering method. This study identifies synoptic weather patterns that are conducive to creating high-ozone events and reveals potential emission source regions leading to ozone exceedances through backward trajectory analysis. Clusters with dominant southerly synoptic flows and higher average wind speeds (C1 and C2 clusters) were related to low mean daytime ozone levels. Easterly (C3) and northerly (C5) clusters showed a higher probability to exceed the 8-h ozone standard than the other clusters. The dry and sunny postfrontal days with weak northerly or easterly weather patterns were often associated with ozone exceedances in the Houston-Galveston-Brazoria (HGB) area during September 2006. The majority of backward trajectories on ozone episode days were from the east, which brought polluted air from the Houston Ship Channel resulting in high ozone in the southwestern part of the metropolitan area. The shifting trajectories of the C3 and C5 weather patterns were associated with surface wind turning from weak northerly to southeasterly/southerly because of the development of bay/sea breeze. Pollutants were shifting inside the metropolitan area and high ozone built up in the afternoon or early evening. A small portion of trajectories of C3 and C5 that caused high ozone passed over a short distance from the south of Houston, picking up emissions from the industries along the coast. C1 [Ngan, Fong; Byun, Daewon] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Ngan, F (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, 1133 E W Highway,Rm 3316, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM fantine.ngan@noaa.gov RI Ngan, Fong/G-1324-2012 OI Ngan, Fong/0000-0002-7263-7727 FU Institute of Multidimensional Air Quality Studies (IMAQS), University of Houston FX The authors thank the support from their previous affiliation-Institute of Multidimensional Air Quality Studies (IMAQS), University of Houston-and greatly appreciate the valuable comments on the manuscript from Roland Draxler (NOAA/ARL) and reviewers during the journal publication process. NR 19 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 50 IS 3 BP 485 EP 499 DI 10.1175/2010JAMC2483.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 750PK UT WOS:000289560300001 ER PT J AU Li, J Li, JL Otkin, J Schmit, TJ Liu, CY AF Li, Jun Li, Jinlong Otkin, Jason Schmit, Timothy J. Liu, Chian-Yi TI Warning Information in a Preconvection Environment from the Geostationary Advanced Infrared Sounding System-A Simulation Study Using the IHOP Case SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BASE-LINE IMAGER; GOES-R; MODEL; RETRIEVAL AB In this paper, a convective initiation event from the International H2O Project (IHOP) field experiment is used to demonstrate the potential utility of a future geostationary advanced infrared (IR) sounder for severe storm nowcasting applications. An advanced IR sounder would provide detailed stability information (e. g., lifted index and other parameters) with high temporal resolution useful for determining favorable locations for convective initiation. Atmospheric data from a high-resolution Weather Research and Forecasting model simulation was used to generate simulated Hyperspectral Environmental Suite (HES) and Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) stability products. Comparison of these products shows that the ABI [or the current Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Sounder] provides limited stability information before the storm development as a result of the limited spectral IR information for temperature and moisture profiling. The high spatial and temporal geostationary advanced IR sounder, however, can provide critical information about the destabilization much earlier than the current GOES Sounder or ABI. C1 [Li, Jun] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Schmit, Timothy J.] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Adv Satellite Prod Team, Madison, WI USA. RP Li, J (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jun.li@ssec.wisc.edu RI Otkin, Jason/D-1737-2012; Liu, Chian-Yi/B-1898-2015; Li, Jun/H-3579-2015; Schmit, Timothy/F-5624-2010 OI Otkin, Jason/0000-0003-4034-7845; Liu, Chian-Yi/0000-0003-1725-4405; Li, Jun/0000-0001-5504-9627; FU NOAA [NA06NES4400002] FX The authors thank Dr. Mitchell D. Goldberg at Center for Satellite Applications and Research for his suggestions on geostationary sounder simulations using IHOP. Ralph Petersen is also thanked. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. This study is partly supported by NOAA Grant NA06NES4400002. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 50 IS 3 BP 776 EP 783 DI 10.1175/2010JAMC2441.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 750PK UT WOS:000289560300021 ER PT J AU Marshall, A Robinson, L Owens, MA AF Marshall, Ariana Robinson, Larry Owens, Marcia Allen TI Coastal construction trends in response to coastal erosion: an opportunity for adaptation SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Coastal erosion; Coastal development; Climate change adaptation; Florida; National Estuarine Research Reserves ID LAND-USE; REGULATIONS; BEACH AB In Florida, more than half of the state's sandy beach coastlines are designated as critical erosion areas by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP 2008). At the same time, the economic contribution of coastal construction is being confounded by the fiscal peril facing Florida (Bird in Ann Geomorph 57:1-9, 1985, Pew Center on the States 2009, U. S BEA 2009). It is therefore an opportune time for an evaluation of coastal erosion policy response which specifically addresses coastal construction. Furthermore in Florida, an increasing coastal population requiring the provision of structural development necessitates an improved understanding of how legislative intent which avoids the cumulative impacts of development is translated through quantified policy response. This study characterizes how coastal development trends in Florida have responded to critical erosion designation. Using spatial and temporal analysis of coastal construction permitting data from 1987 to 2007, three coastal counties in northwest Florida were selected for this study. This selection was based on proximity to the designated ecologically sensitive Apalachicola National Estuarine Research Reserve (ANERR). This study has indicated that clusters of development have not been reduced or redirected by critical erosion designation in certain areas of the study counties. Therefore this study has implications for the regulatory framework governing coastal development permitting in Florida, which is of timely relevance for sea-level rise adaptation. C1 [Marshall, Ariana; Robinson, Larry; Owens, Marcia Allen] Florida A&M Univ, Inst Environm Sci, NOAA, Environm Cooperat Sci Ctr, Tallahassee, FL USA. RP Marshall, A (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, Inst Environm Sci, NOAA, Environm Cooperat Sci Ctr, Tallahassee, FL USA. EM Ariana1.marshall@famu.edu; larry.robinson@famu.edu; marcia.owens@famu.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration through the Environmental Cooperative Science Center; Doris Duke Conservation Foundation FX Funding for this project was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Educational Partnership Program through a cooperative agreement with the Environmental Cooperative Science Center led by Florida A&M University. In addition, datasets for this project were made available by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Beaches and Coastal Systems through an internship supported by the Doris Duke Conservation Foundation. The authors thank the following persons within that department for providing information during this internship: Marco Cristofari, Michele Mayo, Tom Watters, Ralf Clarke and Larry Teich. The authors also thank master's thesis committee member Dr. Fred Holland for his review and contributions to this study. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1400-0350 EI 1874-7841 J9 J COAST CONSERV JI J. Coast. Conserv. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 15 IS 1 BP 61 EP 72 DI 10.1007/s11852-010-0120-5 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 748BB UT WOS:000289363900006 ER PT J AU Hattrick-Simpers, JR Hurst, WS Srinivasan, SS Maslar, JE AF Hattrick-Simpers, Jason R. Hurst, Wilbur S. Srinivasan, Sesha S. Maslar, James E. TI Optical cell for combinatorial in situ Raman spectroscopic measurements of hydrogen storage materials at high pressures and temperatures SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID FLOW CELL; TRANSFORMATIONS; CA(BH4)(2); SPECTRA; VAPOR AB An optical cell is described for high-throughput backscattering Raman spectroscopic measurements of hydrogen storage materials at pressures up to 10 MPa and temperatures up to 823 K. High throughput is obtained by employing a 60 mm diameter x 9 mm thick sapphire window, with a corresponding 50 mm diameter unobstructed optical aperture. To reproducibly seal this relatively large window to the cell body at elevated temperatures and pressures, a gold o-ring is employed. The sample holder-to-window distance is adjustable, making this cell design compatible with optical measurement systems incorporating lenses of significantly different focal lengths, e.g., microscope objectives and single element lenses. For combinatorial investigations, up to 19 individual powder samples can be loaded into the optical cell at one time. This cell design is also compatible with thin-film samples. To demonstrate the capabilities of the cell, in situ measurements of the Ca(BH4)(2) and nano-LiBH4-LiNH2-MgH2 hydrogen storage systems at elevated temperatures and pressures are reported. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3558693] C1 [Hattrick-Simpers, Jason R.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Hurst, Wilbur S.; Maslar, James E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Srinivasan, Sesha S.] Tuskegee Univ, Coll Engn Architecture & Phys Sci, Dept Phys, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. RP Hattrick-Simpers, JR (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 82 IS 3 AR 033103 DI 10.1063/1.3558693 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 745EV UT WOS:000289149600004 PM 21456714 ER PT J AU Gallagher, A AF Gallagher, Alan TI A solar fryer SO SOLAR ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Solar cooking; Frying; Injera bread; East Africa AB The design and operation of a large-area frying pan heated by solar radiation is described. A mirror below the pan directs the radiation to the pan bottom, which is coated with a low-emissivity black absorber. The mirror uses flat, hexagonal panels of aluminized-Mylar to provide uniform illumination across most of the pan bottom. The mirror mount allows 8 h/day operation with a single mirror-angle adjustment, plus a seasonal mounting adjustment for full-year use. A 0.46 m (18 '') diameter pan and similar to 1.2 m (48 '') diameter mirror are used in the prototype, which is designed for cooking 0.42 m diameter slices of injera bread in East Africa. The prototype provides similar to 640 W of heating power (60% efficiency compared to the full mirror area), and loses similar to 100 W while cooking the bread. This allows for cooking similar to 4 kg of bread per hour. The pan preheats to the 180 degrees C cooking temperature in 15-20 min. Materials and design are chosen for low-cost, and the prototype US-retail materials cost is similar to 100 US$. The design is scalable to any desired pan size, with cost proportional to pan area. Most of the construction requires only hand tools, encouraging production in the country of use. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gallagher, Alan] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gallagher, Alan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Gallagher, A (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM alang@jila.colorado.edu NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-092X J9 SOL ENERGY JI Sol. Energy PD MAR PY 2011 VL 85 IS 3 BP 496 EP 505 DI 10.1016/j.solener.2010.12.018 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 747KI UT WOS:000289318300009 ER PT J AU Pribyl, AL Kent, ML Parker, SJ Schreck, CB AF Pribyl, Alena L. Kent, Michael L. Parker, Steven J. Schreck, Carl B. TI The Response to Forced Decompression in Six Species of Pacific Rockfish SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GAS BUBBLE DISEASE; SEBASTES-MELANOPS; CAPTURE DEPTH; BAROTRAUMA; RELEASE; MOVEMENTS; NEARSHORE; CATCH AB Pacific rockfish experience high discard mortality when captured owing to a condition called barotrauma, which is caused by the change in pressure during capture. This condition appears to be species specific at the macroscopic level; however, little is known about the microscopic tissue-level effects of barotrauma. Determining whether tissue-level injuries are also species specific or influenced by factors such as life history and phylogenetic relatedness can improve our management of discard mortality. We evaluated the responses of six species of Pacific rockfish (black rockfish Sebastes melanops, blue rockfish S. mystinus, yellowtail rockfish S. flavidus, quillback rockfish S. maliger, canary rockfish S. pinniger, and yelloweye rockfish S. ruberrimus) captured from varying depths to forced decompression at the histological level (heart ventricle, rete mirabile, head kidney, liver, gill, and eye) as well as the macroscopic level. At the macroscopic level we focused on injuries caused by barotrauma, namely, everted esophaguses, exophthalmia, ocular emphysema, and ruptured swim bladders. Yellowtail and quillback rockfish experienced the fewest macroscopic injuries. Depth of capture influenced the presence of exophthalmia in quillback rockfish and ocular emphysema in quillback and yelloweye rockfish. Tissue injuries as a result of forced decompression included emphysema in the heart ventricle, emboli in the vessels of the rete mirabile, and emboli in the vessels of the head kidney. No injuries were observed at the histological level in the liver, gill, or eye owing to barotrauma. We could not detect a difference in the tissue-level response to barotrauma among the six species, suggesting that all species are susceptible to high internal gas pressure during forced decompression. C1 [Pribyl, Alena L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Schreck, Carl B.] Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kent, Michael L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Parker, Steven J.] Oregon Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Pribyl, AL (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 3333 N Torrey Pines Court, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM alena.pribyl@noaa.gov RI Pribyl, Alena/C-4004-2016 OI Pribyl, Alena/0000-0002-7625-5259 FU Coastside Fishing Club (San Francisco); Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (Newport); Oregon State University's Department of Fisheries and Wildlife; Hatfield Marine Science Center FX We thank the charter boats Misty, Miss Raven, Sampson, Tacklebuster, and Ilwaco Indian for allowing us free passage to sample fish from their boats. We also thank Cliff Pereira and John Vansickle for statistical assistance and the reviewers for good suggestions. This research was funded by the Coastside Fishing Club (San Francisco), the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (Newport), the Mamie Markham Research Award (Hatfield Marine Science Center), and Oregon State University's Department of Fisheries and Wildlife. Publication costs were funded by the Thomas G. Scott Grant through Oregon State University's Department of Fisheries and Wildlife. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 140 IS 2 BP 374 EP 383 DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.567858 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 751PN UT WOS:000289630100012 ER PT J AU Chamberlin, JW Kagley, AN Fresh, KL Quinn, TP AF Chamberlin, Joshua W. Kagley, Anna N. Fresh, Kurt L. Quinn, Thomas P. TI Movements of Yearling Chinook Salmon during the First Summer in Marine Waters of Hood Canal, Washington SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OCEAN MIGRATION PATTERNS; WIRE TAG RECOVERIES; ATLANTIC SALMON; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; SITE FIDELITY; LIFE-HISTORY; PUGET-SOUND; ACOUSTIC TELEMETRY; BRITISH-COLUMBIA AB Migration is a fundamental component of the life history and ecology of many species, but the extent and duration of specific migrations can vary depending on species and environment. Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha are characterized by a spectrum of life history types with different migration patterns and spatial distributions. The objective of this study was to quantify the movements of yearling Chinook salmon smolts during their initial summer in Hood Canal, a long, narrow fjord in western Puget Sound, Washington. Fifty-eight yearling hatchery-reared smolts were tagged with acoustic transmitters and tracked during May-August 2008 with a network of 50 receivers placed throughout Hood Canal. A total of 41 fish were detected during the study period; of these, 18 fish were still being detected in Hood Canal after 100 d. Fish initially congregated near the release site and gradually dispersed during summer; individual movement rates ranged between 0.44 and 1.52 body lengths/s. Fish movement occurred both with and against tidal currents, and nearly all fish showed some period of inactivity, especially as recorded on receivers near estuaries and tidal deltas. Eight fish (20%) were detected as leaving Hood Canal during the study, but seven of them later returned to Hood Canal. The extended use of Hood Canal as rearing habitat indicated the importance of such environments beyond their role as migratory corridors to the Pacific Ocean. C1 [Kagley, Anna N.; Fresh, Kurt L.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98122 USA. [Chamberlin, Joshua W.; Quinn, Thomas P.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Chamberlin, JW (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98122 USA. EM joshua.chamberlin@noaa.gov FU Northwest Fisheries Science Center (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Fisheries); Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife FX Funding for this project was provided by the Northwest Fisheries Science Center (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Fisheries) and the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; we especially thank Greg Bargmann and Deborah Farrer for their interest in the work. Operation of the receiver array depended on the efforts of many scientists conducting similar telemetry studies in the region, but we especially acknowledge Barry Berejikian (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Fisheries), David Welch (Pacific Ocean Shelf Tracking project and Kintama Research), and Fred Goetz (University of Washington and U. S. Army Corps of Engineers) for their assistance. We also thank the staff of the Hoodsport Hatchery for their help. We are grateful to John Ferguson, Edmundo Casillas, Kate Myers, Tim Essington, and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 140 IS 2 BP 429 EP 439 DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.572006 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 751PN UT WOS:000289630100016 ER PT J AU Firman, JC Steel, EA Jensen, DW Burnett, KM Christiansen, K Feist, BE Larsen, DP Anlauf, K AF Firman, Julie C. Steel, E. Ashley Jensen, David W. Burnett, Kelly M. Christiansen, Kelly Feist, Blake E. Larsen, David P. Anlauf, Kara TI Landscape Models of Adult Coho Salmon Density Examined at Four Spatial Extents SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; LAND-USE; MARINE SURVIVAL; COASTAL OREGON; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; STREAM HABITAT; CHINOOK SALMON; FINE SEDIMENT; SCALE; USA AB Salmon occupy large areas over which comprehensive surveys are not feasible owing to the prohibitive expense of surveying thousands of kilometers of streams. Studies of these populations generally rely on sampling a small portion of the distribution of the species. However, managers often need information about areas that have not been visited. The availability of geographical information systems data on landscape features over broad extents makes it possible to develop models to comprehensively predict the distribution of spawning salmon over large areas. In this study, the density of spawning coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch was modeled from landscape features at multiple spatial extents to identify regions or conditions needed to conserve populations of threatened fish, identify spatial relationships that might be important in modeling, and evaluate whether seventh-field hydrologic units might serve as a surrogate for delineated catchments. We used geospatial data to quantify landscape characteristics at four spatial extents (a 100-m streamside buffer, a 500-m streamside buffer, all adjacent seventh-field hydrologic units [mean area = 18 km(2)], and the catchment upstream from the reach [mean area = 17 km(2)]). Predictions from models incorporating land use, land ownership, geology, and climate variables were significantly correlated (r = 0.66-0.75, P < 0.0001) with observed adult coho salmon in the study area. In general, coho salmon densities (peak count of adults per kilometer) were greatest in river reaches within landscapes of undeveloped forest land with little area in weak rock types, areas with low densities of cattle and roads, and areas with a relatively large range in winter temperatures. The ability to predict the spatial distribution of coho salmon spawners from landscape data has great utility in guiding conservation, monitoring, and restoration efforts. C1 [Firman, Julie C.; Anlauf, Kara] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Corvallis Res Off, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Steel, E. Ashley] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. [Burnett, Kelly M.; Christiansen, Kelly] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Jensen, David W.; Feist, Blake E.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Larsen, David P.] US EPA, Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Firman, JC (reprint author), Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Corvallis Res Off, 28655 Highway 34, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM julie.firman@oregonstate.edu OI Feist, Blake/0000-0001-5215-4878 FU Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board FX We thank Kirstin Holsman, Steve Jacobs, Dave Jepsen, and Phil Roni for their comments on this work. Erin Gilbert was instrumental in delineating stream segments and helped to determine the scope and direction of this work. Steve Jacobs, Kelly Moore, and Mark Lewis led the project to monitor coho salmon, and a cast of hundreds was involved in gathering and preparing data on adult coho salmon and landscape conditions. Funding was provided by the Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board. NR 73 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 140 IS 2 BP 440 EP 455 DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.567854 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 751PN UT WOS:000289630100017 ER PT J AU Zhang, GF Li, YG Doviak, RJ Priegnitz, D Carter, J Curtis, CD AF Zhang, Guifu Li, Yinguang Doviak, Richard J. Priegnitz, Dave Carter, John Curtis, Christopher D. TI Multipatterns of the National Weather Radar Testbed Mitigate Clutter Received via Sidelobes SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPACED-ANTENNA INTERFEROMETRY AB The phased-array radar (PAR) of the National Weather Radar Testbed (NWRT) has a unique hybrid (mechanical and electrical) azimuth scan capability, allowing weather observations with different antenna patterns. Observations show the standard deviation of the sample mean power of weather echoes received through the main lobe of a set of squinted beams is less than the clutter received via sidelobes. This then allows use of a multipattern technique to cancel sidelobe echoes from moving scatterers, echoes that cannot be filtered with a ground-clutter canceler. Although the multipattern technique was developed to cancel clutter received through sidelobes, results show clutter from objects moving within the beam car, also be canceled. C1 [Zhang, Guifu; Li, Yinguang] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Zhang, Guifu; Li, Yinguang] Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Doviak, Richard J.; Priegnitz, Dave; Carter, John; Curtis, Christopher D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Priegnitz, Dave; Carter, John; Curtis, Christopher D.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Zhang, GF (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Ste 5900, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM guzhang1@ou.edu RI Zhang, Guifu/M-3178-2014 OI Zhang, Guifu/0000-0002-0261-2815 FU NOAA/NSSL [NA17RJ1227/NA080AR4320886] FX This work is supported with funding provided by NOAA/NSSL under Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227/NA080AR4320886. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 28 IS 3 BP 401 EP 409 DI 10.1175/2010JTECHA1453.1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 743VD UT WOS:000289045900008 ER PT J AU Basile, ER Avery, HW Bien, WF Keller, JM AF Basile, Emily R. Avery, Harold W. Bien, Walter F. Keller, Jennifer M. TI Diamondback terrapins as indicator species of persistent organic pollutants: Using Barnegat Bay, New Jersey as a case study (vol 82, pg 137, 2010) SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Correction C1 [Basile, Emily R.; Avery, Harold W.; Bien, Walter F.] Drexel Univ, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Keller, Jennifer M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Basile, ER (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Biol, 3141 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM Erbasile1121@gmail.com NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD MAR PY 2011 VL 83 IS 2 BP 208 EP 209 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.01.028 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 742FJ UT WOS:000288926400016 ER PT J AU Theofanos, MF Pfleeger, SL AF Theofanos, Mary Frances Pfleeger, Shari Lawrence TI Shouldn't All Security Be Usable? Introduction SO IEEE SECURITY & PRIVACY LA English DT Editorial Material DE Usability; Privacy; Testing; Conferences; Computer security; human factors; Usability; security ID INFORMATION; SYSTEMS C1 [Theofanos, Mary Frances] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Visualizat & Usabil Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pfleeger, Shari Lawrence] Dartmouth Coll, Inst Informat Infrastruct Protect, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Theofanos, MF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Visualizat & Usabil Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mary.theofanos@nist.gov; shari.l.pfleeger@dartmouth.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1540-7993 J9 IEEE SECUR PRIV JI IEEE Secur. Priv. PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 9 IS 2 BP 12 EP 17 DI 10.1109/MSP.2011.30 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 745IJ UT WOS:000289158800003 ER PT J AU Breuner, CW Sprague, RS Woods, HA AF Breuner, C. W. Sprague, R. S. Woods, H. A. TI Environment, Behavior and Physiology: A role for barometric pressure in predicting storms? SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 03-07, 2011 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. NOAA, Washington, DC USA. EM creagh.breuner@umontana.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 51 SU 1 BP E16 EP E16 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 733QP UT WOS:000288278100511 ER PT J AU Goldbogen, JA Calambokidis, J Mckenna, M Oleson, E Potvin, J Pyenson, N Schorr, G Shadwick, R AF Goldbogen, Jeremy A. Calambokidis, John Mckenna, Megan Oleson, Erin Potvin, Jean Pyenson, Nick Schorr, Greg Shadwick, Robert TI Mechanics, hydrodynamics and energetics of blue whale lunge feeding: predatory strategies and efficiency dependence on krill density SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 03-07, 2011 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. NOAA, Washington, DC USA. St Louis Univ, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. EM jergold@ucsd.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 51 SU 1 BP E49 EP E49 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 733QP UT WOS:000288278100641 ER PT J AU Tamone, SL Morado, JF AF Tamone, S. L. Morado, J. F. TI Changes in glucose metabolism in Tanner crabs Chionoecetes bairdi infected with Hematodinium sp SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 03-07, 2011 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Univ Alaska SE, Juneau, AK USA. US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM sltamone@uas.alaska.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 51 SU 1 BP E256 EP E256 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 733QP UT WOS:000288278100395 ER PT J AU Hwang, YT Frierson, DMW Soden, BJ Held, IM AF Hwang, Yen-Ting Frierson, Dargan M. W. Soden, Brian J. Held, Isaac M. TI Robust responses of the hydrological cycle to global warming (vol 19, pg 5686, 2006) SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Correction C1 [Hwang, Yen-Ting; Frierson, Dargan M. W.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Soden, Brian J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Held, Isaac M.] Princeton Univ, NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Hwang, YT (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Box 351640, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM yting@atmos.washington.edu RI Frierson, Dargan/F-1763-2010 OI Frierson, Dargan/0000-0001-8952-5644 NR 1 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 38 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR 1 PY 2011 VL 24 IS 5 BP 1559 EP 1560 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI4045.1 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 743NQ UT WOS:000289025500017 ER PT J AU Harrison, MD Groffman, PM Mayer, PM Kaushal, SS Newcomer, TA AF Harrison, Melanie D. Groffman, Peter M. Mayer, Paul M. Kaushal, Sujay S. Newcomer, Tamara A. TI Denitrification in Alluvial Wetlands in an Urban Landscape SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID GROUND-WATER DENITRIFICATION; RIPARIAN ZONES; CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; NITROUS-OXIDE; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; STREAM RESTORATION; NITRATE REMOVAL; HOT MOMENTS; RIVER-BASIN AB Riparian wetlands have been shown to be effective "sinks" for nitrate N (NO(3)(-)), minimizing the downstream export of N to streams and coastal water bodies. However, the vast majority of riparian denitrification research has been in agricultural and forested watersheds, with relatively little work on riparian wetland function in urban watersheds. We investigated the variation and magnitude of denitrification in three constructed and two relict oxbow urban wetlands, and in two forested reference wetlands in the Baltimore metropolitan area. Denitrification rates in wetland sediments were measured with a 15N-enriched NO(3)(-) "push-pull" groundwater tracer method during the summer and winter of 2008. Mean denitrification rates did not differ among the wetland types and ranged from 147 +/- 29 mu g N kg soil(-1) d(-1) in constructed stormwater wetlands to 100 +/- 11 mu g N kg soil(-1) d(-1) in relict oxbows to 106 +/- 32 mu g N kg soil(-1) d(-1) in forested reference wetlands. High denitrification rates were observed in both summer and winter, suggesting that these wetlands are sinks for NO(3)(-) year round. Comparison of denitrification rates with NO(3)(-) standing stocks in the wetland water column and stream NO(3)(-) loads indicated that mass removal of NO(3)(-) in urban wetland sediments by denitrification could be substantial. Our results suggest that urban wetlands have the potential to reduce NO(3)(-) in urban landscapes and should be considered as a means to manage N in urban watersheds. C1 [Harrison, Melanie D.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Marine Estuarine & Environm Sci Program, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Harrison, Melanie D.] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, Santa Rosa, CA 95404 USA. [Groffman, Peter M.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12454 USA. [Mayer, Paul M.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Kaushal, Sujay S.; Newcomer, Tamara A.] Univ Maryland, Dep Geol, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Kaushal, Sujay S.; Newcomer, Tamara A.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Harrison, MD (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Marine Estuarine & Environm Sci Program, 1000 Hilltop Cir, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM harris10@umbc.edu RI Newcomer, Tamara/E-5561-2011; Newcomer Johnson, Tamara/D-1045-2013; Kaushal, Sujay/G-1062-2013; OI Newcomer Johnson, Tamara/0000-0002-2496-7641; Kaushal, Sujay/0000-0003-0834-9189; Mayer, Paul/0000-0002-8550-1386 FU USEPA through its Office of Research and Development with the Institute of Ecosystem Studies [CR829676]; U.S. National Science Foundation [DEB-0423476]; Maryland Sea Grant [SA7528085-U]; NSF [0549469]; NOAA FX This research was supported by grants from USEPA through its Office of Research and Development under cooperative agreement CR829676 with the Institute of Ecosystem Studies, U.S. National Science Foundation Long-Term Ecological Research program (DEB-0423476), Maryland Sea Grant SA7528085-U, NSF Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship Program (0549469), and NOAA Educational Partnership Graduate Science Program. Bill Stack of Baltimore City Department of Public Works provided input for selection of study sites, helpful discussion, and logistical advice. Andrew Miller, Margaret Palmer, and Christopher Swan provided thoughtful comments regarding data analysis and presentation. We thank Dan Dillon, Daniel Jones, Gwendolyn Sivirichi, Melissa Griese, Dave Lewis, Lisa Martel, and Daniel Miles for assistance with field and laboratory work. The research has not been subjected to USEPA review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of any of the funding agencies and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 87 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 8 U2 64 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 40 IS 2 BP 634 EP 646 DI 10.2134/jeq2010.0335 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 724KE UT WOS:000287574000037 PM 21520770 ER PT J AU Matsumoto, H Haxel, JH Dziak, RP Bohnenstiehl, DR Embley, RW AF Matsumoto, Haru Haxel, Joseph H. Dziak, Robert P. Bohnenstiehl, Delwayne R. Embley, Robert W. TI Mapping the sound field of an erupting submarine volcano using an acoustic glider SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB An underwater glider with an acoustic data logger flew toward a recently discovered erupting submarine volcano in the northern Lau basin. With the volcano providing a wide-band sound source, recordings from the two-day survey produced a two-dimensional sound level map spanning 1 km (depth) x 40 km (distance). The observed sound field shows depth- and range-dependence, with the first-order spatial pattern being consistent with the predictions of a range-dependent propagation model. The results allow constraining the acoustic source level of the volcanic activity and suggest that the glider provides an effective platform for monitoring natural and anthropogenic ocean sounds. (C) 2011 Acoustical Society of America C1 [Matsumoto, Haru; Haxel, Joseph H.; Dziak, Robert P.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Bohnenstiehl, Delwayne R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Embley, Robert W.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Matsumoto, H (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, 2115 SE OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM haru.matsumoto@oregonstate.edu; joe.haxel@oregonstate.edu; robert.p.dziak@oregonstate.edu; drbohnen@ncsu.edu; robert.w.embley@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/Office of Ocean Exploration and Research (OER); National Science Foundation (NSF) FX The cruise was supported by National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/Office of Ocean Exploration and Research (OER) and National Science Foundation (NSF) grant. The authors are grateful to the crew of the RIV Kilo Moana for the deployment and recovery operation of the glider, in particular chief scientist J. Resing, who worked hard to provide a window for the glider operation on a tightly scheduled expedition. Chris Meinig and Scott Stalin at Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) supported the glider operation remotely from the shore station. Ben Allsup at the Teledyne Webb Research gave valuable advices during the operation. PMEL contribution number 3643. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 129 IS 3 BP EL94 EP EL99 DI 10.1121/1.3547720 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 743GW UT WOS:000289007000007 PM 21428474 ER PT J AU Polkinghorne, R Vukicevic, T AF Polkinghorne, Rosanne Vukicevic, Tomislava TI Data Assimilation of Cloud-Affected Radiances in a Cloud-Resolving Model SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; INFRARED SATELLITE RADIANCES; MICROPHYSICS PARAMETERIZATION; PRECIPITATION OBSERVATIONS; ADJOINT SENSITIVITY; UNCERTAINTIES; RETRIEVAL; PROFILES; 4D-VAR AB Assimilation of cloud-affected infrared radiances from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-8 (GOES-8) is performed using a four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4DVAR) system designated as the Regional Atmospheric Modeling Data Assimilation System (RAMDAS). A cloud mask is introduced in order to limit the assimilation to points that have the same type of cloud in the model and observations, increasing the linearity of the minimization problem. A series of experiments is performed to determine the sensitivity of the assimilation to factors such as the maximum-allowed residual in the assimilation, the magnitude of the background error decorrelation length for water variables, the length of the assimilation window, and the inclusion of other data such as ground-based data including data from the Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI), a microwave radiometer, radiosonde, and cloud radar. In addition, visible and near-infrared satellite data are included in a separate experiment. The assimilation results are validated using independent ground-based data. The introduction of the cloud mask where large residuals are allowed has the greatest positive impact on the assimilation. Extending the length of the assimilation window in conjunction with the use of the cloud mask results in a better-conditioned minimization, as well as a smoother response of the model state to the assimilation. C1 [Polkinghorne, Rosanne] Univ Colorado, ATOC, UCB 311, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Vukicevic, Tomislava] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Polkinghorne, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, ATOC, UCB 311, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM wilcox@colorado.edu RI Vukicevic, Tomislava/B-1386-2014 FU NSF [ATM 35071341]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research FX This project was funded by NSF Project ATM 35071341. The authors also acknowledge the National Center for Atmospheric Research's supercomputing facility, where the model was run. Data were obtained from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research. NR 46 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 139 IS 3 BP 755 EP 773 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3360.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 744UQ UT WOS:000289120600004 ER PT J AU Pincus, R Hofmann, RJP Anderson, JL Raeder, K Collins, N Whitaker, JS AF Pincus, Robert Hofmann, Robert J. Patrick Anderson, Jeffrey L. Raeder, Kevin Collins, Nancy Whitaker, Jeffrey S. TI Can Fully Accounting for Clouds in Data Assimilation Improve Short-Term Forecasts by Global Models? SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ADAPTIVE COVARIANCE INFLATION; ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; ECMWF; RADIANCES; NCAR AB This paper explores the degree to which short-term forecasts with global models might be improved if clouds were fully included in a data assimilation system, so that observations of clouds affected all parts of the model state and cloud variables were adjusted during assimilation. The question is examined using a single ensemble data assimilation system coupled to two present-generation climate models with different treatments of clouds. "Perfect-model" experiments using synthetic observations, taken from a free run of the model used in subsequent assimilations, are used to circumvent complications associated with systematic model,errors and observational challenges; these provide a rough upper bound on the utility of cloud observations with these models. A series of experiments is performed in which direct observations of the model's cloud variables are added to the suite of observations being assimilated. In both models, observations of clouds reduce the 6-h forecast error, with much greater reductions in one model than in the other. Improvements are largest in regions where other observations are sparse. The two cloud schemes differ in their complexity and number of degrees of freedom; the model using the simpler scheme makes better use of the cloud observations because of the stronger correlations between cloud-related and dynamical variables (particularly temperature). This implies that the impact of real cloud observations will depend on both the strength of the instantaneous, linear relationships between clouds and other fields in the natural world, and how well each assimilating model's cloud scheme represents those relationships. C1 [Pincus, Robert] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Anderson, Jeffrey L.; Raeder, Kevin; Collins, Nancy] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Pincus, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, 325 Broadway,R PSD1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM robert.pincus@colorado.edu RI Pincus, Robert/B-1723-2013 OI Pincus, Robert/0000-0002-0016-3470 FU NASA [NNG06GB76G] FX We appreciate the patient support of NASA under Grant NNG06GB76G and the very generous computing resources and technical assistance provided by the NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division. Comments from two anonymous referees helped us sharpen the arguments in this paper. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 139 IS 3 BP 946 EP 957 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3412.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 744UQ UT WOS:000289120600015 ER PT J AU Wong-Ng, W Kaduk, JA Liu, G AF Wong-Ng, W. Kaduk, J. A. Liu, G. TI Structure and X-ray powder reference patterns for hexagonal perovskite-related phases, (Sr0.8Ca0.2)(5)Co4O12 and Sr6Co5O15 SO POWDER DIFFRACTION LA English DT Article DE thermoelectric materials; A(n+2)BB(n)' O3n+3 homologous series; (Sr0.8Ca0.2)(5)Co4O12; Sr6Co5O15; crystal structure; reference patterns ID TEMPERATURE THERMOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; ONE-DIMENSIONAL CA3CO2O6; BOND-VALENCE PARAMETERS; WAVE BASIS-SET; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; HOMOLOGOUS SERIES; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; OXIDES AB Two selected members of the homologous series A(n+2)BB'O-n(3n+3) (A Sr and Ca; B and B' = Co) have been investigated for their crystal structures because of their potential applications as thermoelectric materials. A combined Rietveld refinement and spin-polarized magnetic geometry optimization technique was employed for the structural studies. Both the n=3 member, (Sr0.8Ca0.2)(5)Co4O12, and the n=4 member, Sr6Co5O15, have distorted hexagonal perovskite-related structures that possess one-dimensional cobalt oxide chains separated by alkaline-earth cations. The linear chains consist of one unit of CoO6 trigonal prism alternating with n units of CoO6 octahedra. Crystal structures and reference powder X-ray diffraction patterns of (Sr0.8Ca0.2)(5)Co4O11 [P3cl. a=9.4196(2) angstrom. c =19.9857(6) angstrom. V=825.83 angstrom(3), and D-x=5.358 g/cm(3)] and Sr6Co5O15 [R32, a=9.497 64(12) angstrom. c=12.3956(2) angstrom, V=968.34 angstrom(3), and D-x=5.455 g/cm(3)] are reported. (C) 2011 International Centre for Diffraction Data. [DOI:10.1154/1.3555294] C1 [Wong-Ng, W.; Liu, G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kaduk, J. A.] Poly Crystallog Inc, Naperville, IL 60540 USA. RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU ICDD FX The partial financial support from ICDD for the preparation of the reference X-ray powder diffraction patterns is acknowledged. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 15 PU J C P D S-INT CENTRE DIFFRACTION DATA PI NEWTOWN SQ PA 12 CAMPUS BLVD, NEWTOWN SQ, PA 19073-3273 USA SN 0885-7156 J9 POWDER DIFFR JI Powder Diffr. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 26 IS 1 BP 22 EP 30 DI 10.1154/1.3555294 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 742DX UT WOS:000288921800006 ER PT J AU Gabriel, MC Williamson, DG Brooks, S AF Gabriel, Mark C. Williamson, Derek G. Brooks, Steve TI Potential impact of rainfall on the air-surface exchange of total gaseous mercury from two common urban ground surfaces SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Total gaseous mercury; Urban; Rainfall; Terrestrial surface; Air-surface exchange; Runoff ID FLUX CHAMBER MEASUREMENT; AIR/SURFACE EXCHANGE; BACKGROUND SOILS; EMISSION FLUXES; FORESTS; MODEL; PRECIPITATION; ACCUMULATION; SIMULATION; PETROLEUM AB The impact of rainfall on total gaseous mercury (TGM) flux from pavement and street dirt surfaces was investigated in an effort to determine the influence of wet weather events on mercury transport in urban watersheds. Street dirt and pavement are common urban ground surfaces that concentrate many substances (eroded soil, leaf and vegetation litter, automobile debris, industrial atmospheric fallout) which can contain elevated mercury concentrations. In this study, the primary analyses included (i) observing the time series flux of TGM from pavement and street dirt following surface wetting and (ii) determining if wet deposition provides a fresh source of mercury that is available for release (emission) when applied to these surfaces. Application of de-ionized water (DI) and rainwater both induced an immediate 65% increase in TGM emission from pavement (from 0.5 to 1.4 ng m(-2) h(-1) [based on averages]). For street dirt, an immediate 70% increase in emission was induced following DI water application (from 3.0 to 9.0 ng m(-2) h(-1) [based on averages]) and an immediate 30% increase in emission following rainwater application (from 4.5 to 6.5 ng m(-2) h(-1) [based on averages]). Both surfaces showed continuous elevated release of TGM following the initial water application stage. There was a decrease in emission as the pavement surface dried. Despite the difference in immediate TGM emission from street dirt using both solutions, statistical evaluation indicated there was no prolonged difference. This suggests that mercury in rainwater was not available for re-emission when applied to these surfaces, at least for the time frame studied (2 h after water application). Therefore, it is likely that the elevated TGM emission following water application resulted primarily from pre-existing mercury. Removal of pre-existing mercury by water application followed a zero order process for both surfaces; however, removal rates were much different for each surface (k = 0.26 ng m(-2) min(-1) for street dirt; k = 0.03 ng m(-2) min(-1) for pavement). Results from laboratory surface washing experiments revealed only 0.1% of all available surface-bound mercury on pavement was removed by surface emission 90 min after a simulated light rainfall event (0.13 cm of rainfall). (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gabriel, Mark C.; Williamson, Derek G.] Univ Alabama, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Brooks, Steve] NOAA, ATDD Canaan Valley Inst, Davis, WV 26260 USA. RP Gabriel, MC (reprint author), US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, NERL, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM marklive02live@yahoo.com; dwilliamson@coe.eng.ua.edu; steve.brooks@noaa.gov FU DOE EPSCoR; University of Alabama, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering FX The authors wish to thank Oak Ridge National Laboratory and University of Minnesota for providing instrumentation, technical expertise and analytical laboratory assistance. Additionally, the authors wish express their gratitude to the two anonymous reviewers who provided helpful comments and suggestions. This research was financially supported by DOE EPSCoR and the University of Alabama, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. This paper has been reviewed in accordance with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's peer and administrative review policies and has been approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the agency, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 45 IS 9 BP 1766 EP 1774 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.11.035 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 739OI UT WOS:000288727100015 ER PT J AU Stavros, HCW Stolen, M Durden, WN McFee, W Bossart, GD Fair, PA AF Stavros, Hui-Chen W. Stolen, Megan Durden, Wendy Noke McFee, Wayne Bossart, Gregory D. Fair, Patricia A. TI Correlation and toxicological inference of trace elements in tissues from stranded and free-ranging bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Trace metals; Marine mammals; Bottlenose dolphins; Tursiops truncatus; Mercury ID INDIAN RIVER LAGOON; GULF-OF-MEXICO; BEARS URSUS-MARITIMUS; SEALS PHOCA-VITULINA; HEAVY-METALS; MARINE MAMMALS; STRIPED DOLPHINS; STENELLA-COERULEOALBA; HARBOR SEALS; MERCURY CONTAMINATION AB The significance of metal concentrations in marine mammals is not well understood and relating concentrations between stranded and free-ranging populations has been difficult. In order to predict liver concentrations in free-ranging dolphins, we examined concentrations of trace elements (Al, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, total Hg (THg), V, Zn) in skin and liver of stranded bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the South Carolina (SC) coast and the Indian River Lagoon, Florida (FL) during 2000-2008. Significantly higher concentrations of Zn, Fe, Se, Al, Cu and THg were found in skin while liver exhibited significantly higher Cu, Fe, Mn and THg concentrations for both study sites. Mean skin concentrations of Cu and Mn were significantly higher in SC dolphins while higher concentrations of THg and V were found in FL dolphins. In addition, liver tissues in SC dolphins exhibited significantly higher As concentrations while higher Fe, Pb, Se, THg, and V levels were found in FL dolphins. Two elements (Cu and THg) showed significant age-related correlations with skin concentration while five elements (Cu. Se, THg, Zn and V) showed age-related correlations with liver concentrations. Geographic location influenced age-related accumulation of several trace elements and age-related accumulation of THg in hepatic tissue was observed for both sites to have the highest correlations (r(2)=0.90SC; r(2)=0.69FL). Mean THg concentration in liver was about 10 times higher in FL dolphins (330 mu g g(-1) dw) than those samples from SC dolphins (34.3 mu g g(-1) dw). The mean molar ratio of Hg to Se was 0.93 +/- 0.32 and 1.08 +/- 0.38 for SC and FL dolphins, respectively. However, the Hg:Se ratio varied with age as much lower ratios (0.2-0.4) were found in younger animals. Of the 18 measured elements, only THg was significantly correlated in skin and liver of stranded dolphins and skin of free-ranging dolphins from both sites suggesting that skin may be useful in predicting Hg concentrations in liver tissue of free-ranging dolphins. Results indicate that 33% of the stranded and 15% of the free-ranging dolphins from FL exceed the minimum 100 mu g g(-1) wet weight (ww) (similar to 400 dw) Hg threshold for hepatic damage while none from SC reached this level. Hepatic concentrations of As in SC dolphins and V in FL dolphins were also highly correlated with skin concentrations which may have some regional specificity predictive value. The present study provides the first application of trace element concentrations derived from stranded bottlenose dolphins to predict liver concentrations in free-ranging populations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Stavros, Hui-Chen W.; McFee, Wayne; Fair, Patricia A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Stolen, Megan; Durden, Wendy Noke] Hubbs SeaWorld Res Inst, Melbourne Beach, FL 32951 USA. [Bossart, Gregory D.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Bossart, Gregory D.] Georgia Aquarium, Nw Atlanta, GA 30313 USA. RP Fair, PA (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM pat.fair@noaa.gov NR 96 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD MAR PY 2011 VL 82 IS 11 BP 1649 EP 1661 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.11.019 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 737SG UT WOS:000288587900019 PM 21126751 ER PT J AU Phillips, PJ AF Phillips, P. Jonathon TI Improving Face Recognition Technology SO COMPUTER LA English DT Editorial Material AB US-government-sponsored evaluations and challenge problems have helped spur more than two orders of magnitude improvement in face recognition system performance. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Phillips, PJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jonathon@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9162 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD MAR PY 2011 VL 44 IS 3 BP 84 EP 86 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 738ZT UT WOS:000288681900021 ER PT J AU Grossman, G Bradley, PE Lewis, MA Radebaugh, R AF Grossman, Gershon Bradley, Peter E. Lewis, Michael A. Radebaugh, Ray TI Model for transient behavior of pulse tube cryocooler SO CRYOGENICS LA English DT Article DE Cryocooler; Cool-down; Pulse tube ID HEAT AB This article describes an investigation of the transient behavior of a small (2.0W at 85 K) pulse tube cryocooler operating at 120 Hz with an average pressure of 3.5 MPa, capable of relatively fast cool-down from ambient to about 60 K. In a series of experiments, the cold end temperature was measured as a function of time in a complete cool-down and subsequent warm-up cycle, with no heat load and different quantities of excess mass at the cold end. A transient heat transfer model was developed, that considers the effects of the cooling power extracted at the cold end and that of the heat gain at the warm end on the cool-down time. The heat gain factor was calculated from warm-up data, and found to be approximately the same for all experiments. Using the same model with cool-down data enables a determination of both the gross and net cooling power as functions of time, but more importantly - as functions of the cold end temperature. An expression was derived for the cold end temperature as a function of time for any amount of excess mass, including zero. The cool-down time of the "lean" cryocooler (with no excess mass) was found to be less than 50 s. This cool-down/warm-up method for evaluating the cooling power of a cryocooler seems simpler than steady-state experiments with a heater simulating load at the cold end. Use of the heat transfer model with data from one or two good experiments conducted in the above manner, can yield both the gross and net cooling powers of a cryocooler as functions of the cold end temperature, and allow the determination of cool-down time with any amount of excess thermal mass. While the net cooling power during cool-down differs somewhat from that under steady-state operation, the former can serve as a good measure for the latter. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Grossman, Gershon] Technion Israel Inst Technol, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Grossman, Gershon; Bradley, Peter E.; Lewis, Michael A.; Radebaugh, Ray] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Grossman, G (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. EM grossmng@technion.ac.il NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0011-2275 J9 CRYOGENICS JI Cryogenics PD MAR PY 2011 VL 51 IS 3 BP 124 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2010.12.007 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA 741SZ UT WOS:000288886200002 ER PT J AU Brassington, GB Summons, N Lumpkin, R AF Brassington, Gary B. Summons, Nicholas Lumpkin, Rick TI Observed and simulated Lagrangian and eddy characteristics of the East Australian Current and the Tasman Sea SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Lagrangian drifting buoys; Western boundary currents; Mesoscale eddies; The Tasman Sea; The East Australian Current ID WARM-CORE EDDIES; ANTICYCLONIC EDDY; OCEAN CIRCULATION; CURRENT SYSTEM; TOPEX/POSEIDON; MESOSCALE; ASSIMILATION; VARIABILITY; ENRICHMENT; VORTICES AB New insights into the Lagrangian and eddy dynamical processes within the East Australian Current (EAC) and the Tasman Sea are presented. We briefly discuss the past campaigns undertaken to observe the EAC and the Tasman Sea eddies as well as the motivation to renew the deployment of drifting buoys into the EAC and the Tasman Sea. The specific features discussed are motivated by the recent observing campaigns using drifting buoys and the availability of high spatial- and temporal-resolution estimates of the ocean state and circulation from eddy resolving models. The interpretation of these features is also aided by other components of the ocean observing system. The dynamics presented includes: (a) transient EAC separation through a vortex dipole, (b) stratified vortex mergers and secondary circulation of EAC eddies, (c) eddy networks in the Tasman Sea and (d) formation and propagation of the EAC separation point. The importance of these dynamical features to the EAC and the Tasman Sea and their implications for the observing system and modelling are discussed. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Brassington, Gary B.] Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Bur Meteorol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Summons, Nicholas] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Lumpkin, Rick] Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, AOML, Miami, FL USA. RP Brassington, GB (reprint author), Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Bur Meteorol, POB 1289K, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. EM g.brassington@bom.gov.au RI Lumpkin, Rick/C-9615-2009 OI Lumpkin, Rick/0000-0002-6690-1704 NR 64 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD MAR 1 PY 2011 VL 58 IS 5 BP 559 EP 573 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.10.001 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 739OY UT WOS:000288728700003 ER PT J AU Huber, ML Bruno, TJ Chirico, RD Diky, V Kazakov, AF Lemmon, EW Muzny, CD Frenkel, M AF Huber, Marcia L. Bruno, Thomas J. Chirico, Robert D. Diky, Vladimir Kazakov, Andrei F. Lemmon, Eric W. Muzny, Chris D. Frenkel, Michael TI Equations of State on Demand: Application for Surrogate Fuel Development SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Distillation curve; Equation of state; Helmholtz free energy; Surrogate model; ThermoData Engine ID ADVANCED DISTILLATION CURVE; THERMODATA ENGINE TDE; PURE-COMPONENT PROPERTIES; VAPOR-LIQUID-EQUILIBRIA; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; N-ALKANES; CRITICAL-TEMPERATURES; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION AB The NIST ThermoData Engine (TDE) is a large electronic database containing experimental data with detailed descriptions of relevant metadata and uncertainties that incorporates expert-system software to automatically generate dynamically evaluated data and on-demand equations of state. In this study, we demonstrate how the concept of dynamic data evaluation within the NIST TDE can be used to generate equations of state (EOS) on demand, and give an example where the resulting EOS formulations for pure chemical compounds are used to develop a surrogate mixture model to represent the volatility behavior, as expressed by the distillation curve, of a synthetic paraffinic aviation fuel derived from biomass. C1 [Huber, Marcia L.; Bruno, Thomas J.; Chirico, Robert D.; Diky, Vladimir; Kazakov, Andrei F.; Lemmon, Eric W.; Muzny, Chris D.; Frenkel, Michael] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Huber, ML (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Marcia.huber@nist.gov NR 121 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 32 IS 3 BP 596 EP 613 DI 10.1007/s10765-010-0909-3 PG 18 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 739XM UT WOS:000288755000004 ER PT J AU Sengers, JV Perkins, RA Huber, ML Le Neindre, B AF Sengers, J. V. Perkins, R. A. Huber, M. L. Le Neindre, B. TI Thermal Diffusivity of H2O Near the Critical Point (vol 30, pg 1453, 2009) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Sengers, J. V.] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sengers, J. V.; Perkins, R. A.; Huber, M. L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Le Neindre, B.] Univ Paris 13, CNRS, LIMHP, UPR 1311, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France. RP Sengers, JV (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM sengers@umd.edu; perkins@boulder.nist.gov NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 32 IS 3 BP 704 EP 705 DI 10.1007/s10765-010-0905-7 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 739XM UT WOS:000288755000013 ER PT J AU Ridler, NM Ginley, RA AF Ridler, N. M. Ginley, R. A. TI IEEE P1785: A NEW STANDARD FOR WAVEGUIDE ABOVE 110 GHz SO MICROWAVE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 [Ridler, N. M.] Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Ginley, R. A.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. RP Ridler, NM (reprint author), Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU HORIZON HOUSE PUBLICATIONS INC PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA SN 0192-6225 J9 MICROWAVE J JI Microw. J. PD MAR PY 2011 SU S BP 20 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 740EV UT WOS:000288775300003 ER PT J AU Kedzierski, MA AF Kedzierski, M. A. TI Effect of Al2O3 nanolubricant on R134a pool boiling heat transfer SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRIGERATION-REVUE INTERNATIONALE DU FROID LA English DT Article DE Boiling; Heat flux; Lubricant; Particle; Refrigerant; R134a ID SURFACE AB This paper quantifies the influence of Al2O3 nanoparticles on the pool-boiling performance of R134a/polyolester mixtures on a roughened, horizontal, flat surface. The nanoparticles enhanced the boiling heat transfer relative to that for R134a/polyolester mixtures without nanoparticles for the three lubricant mass fractions that were tested. For the 0.5% nanolubricant mass fraction, the nanoparticles caused a heat transfer enhancement relative to the heat transfer of pure R134a/polyolester (99.5/0.5) as large as 400% for the lowest heat flux. The average heat flux improvement for heat fluxes less than 40 kW m(-2) was approximately 105%, 49%, and 155% for the 0.5%, the 1%, and the 2% mass fractions, respectively. A semi-empirical model was developed to predict the boiling enhancement as caused by the interaction of the nanoparticles with the bubbles. The model suggests that small particle size and large nanoparticle volume fraction improve boiling enhancement. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kedzierski, MA (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 861, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Mark.Kedzierski@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FX The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) funded this work. Thanks go to the following NIST personnel for their constructive criticism of the first draft of the manuscript: Mr. S. Nabinger and Dr. P. Domanski. Thanks go to Dr. I. Shinder of NIST for his constructive criticism of the second draft of the manuscript. Furthermore, the author extends appreciation to Mr. W. Guthrie and Mr. A. Heckert of the NIST Statistical Engineering Division for their consultations on the uncertainty analysis. Boiling heat transfer measurements were taken by Mr. David Wilmering of KT Consulting at the NIST laboratory. The RL68H (EMKARATE RL68H) was donated by Dr. K. Lilje of CPI Engineering Services, Inc. The RL68H1AlO was manufactured by Nanophase Technologies with an aluminum oxide and dispersant in RL68H especially for NIST. NR 27 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7007 J9 INT J REFRIG JI Int. J. Refrig.-Rev. Int. Froid PD MAR PY 2011 VL 34 IS 2 BP 498 EP 508 DI 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2010.10.007 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 734TH UT WOS:000288360700011 ER PT J AU McLinden, MO AF McLinden, Mark O. TI p-rho-T Behavior of Four Lean Synthetic Natural-Gas-Like Mixtures from 250 K to 450 K with Pressures to 37 MPa SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID DENSITY; DENSIMETERS; TEMPERATURE; RANGES AB The p-rho-T behaviors of four lean synthetic natural gas mixtures were measured along isotherms of 250 K, 350 K, and 450 K with pressures to 37 MPa with a two-sinker, magnetic-suspension densimeter. The gravimetrically prepared mixtures have seven to nine components (methane to pentane). They are all nominally 0.90 mole fraction methane, and they differ primarily in the amount of pentane and isopentane and the presence or absence of nitrogen and carbon dioxide. The analysis for density accounts for the force transmission error in the magnetic suspension coupling (MSC) of the densimeter and the magnetic effects of the fluid. These data are compared to the GERG 2004 and AGA-8 models for natural gas mixtures. The densities calculated by both the models are generally in very good agreement with the data, with average deviations less than 0.05 %, at the higher temperatures (T = 350 K and T = 450 K) and lower pressures (p < 15 MPa). But at higher pressures and lower temperatures, the average deviations are substantially larger, ranging up to 0.28 % and 0.93 % for the GERG 2004 and AGA-8 models, respectively, for T = 250 K and p > 15 MPa for one or more of the mixtures. Additional data on these same mixtures were measured by Texas A&M University and are reported in a previous paper. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP McLinden, MO (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, 325 Broadway,Mailstop 838-07, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM markm@boulder.nist.gov NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD MAR PY 2011 VL 56 IS 3 BP 606 EP 613 DI 10.1021/je101340n PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 731ND UT WOS:000288113000036 ER PT J AU Brooks, CM Andrews, AH Ashford, JR Ramanna, N Jones, CD Lundstrom, CC Cailliet, GM AF Brooks, Cassandra M. Andrews, Allen H. Ashford, Julian R. Ramanna, Nakul Jones, Christopher D. Lundstrom, Craig C. Cailliet, Gregor M. TI Age estimation and lead-radium dating of Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni) in the Ross Sea SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Antarctic toothfish; Dissostichus mawsoni; Nototheniidae; Ross Sea; Age validation; Lead-radium dating; Radiometric dating ID ROUGHY HOPLOSTETHUS-ATLANTICUS; ORANGE ROUGHY; ANOPLOPOMA-FIMBRIA; NEW-ZEALAND; VALIDATION; GROWTH; DEEP; LONGEVITY; FISHERIES; ROCKFISH AB Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni) are the target of an important commercial fishery in the Southern Ocean, yet age data used for management have not been comprehensively tested for accuracy. In this study, Antarctic toothfish were aged using counts of otolith growth zones based on criteria established for Patagonian toothfish, D. eleginoides, a closely related species. To validate these ages, the radioactive disequilibrium of lead-210 and radium-226 in otolith cores was measured and used as an independent chronometer to accurately determine age across the range of fish caught in large numbers by the fishery. Growth-zone counts indicated Antarctic toothfish live to at least 39 years of age, and were in close agreement with the chronometer, validating the age estimation criteria and the accuracy of age estimates. Von Bertalanffy growth function parameters indicated Antarctic toothfish were relatively slow-growing (k = 0.111), especially in relation to their maximum size (L(infinity) = 158.9 cm). C1 [Brooks, Cassandra M.; Andrews, Allen H.; Cailliet, Gregor M.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Ashford, Julian R.; Ramanna, Nakul] Old Domin Univ, Ctr Quantitat Fisheries Ecol, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA. [Jones, Christopher D.] NOAA, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Lundstrom, Craig C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Brooks, CM (reprint author), Moss Landing Marine Labs, 8272 Moss Landing Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM brooks.cassandra@gmail.com RI Andrews, Allen/G-3686-2016 OI Andrews, Allen/0000-0002-9001-8305 FU National Science Foundation [0232000]; Project Aware Foundation FX The lead radium dating work with toothfishes started as an idea that was proposed by Jocelyn Douglas and Kenneth Coale of Moss Landing Marine Laboratories (MLML) after a trip to Antarctica. The idea subsequently developed into a full National Science Foundation (NSF) proposal with Donna Kline, and Kenneth Coale (MLML) as a collaborative age validation project with Cynthia Jones at Old Dominion University. The full proposal was funded by National Science Foundation under project number 0232000. In addition, it is important to acknowledge the contribution of otoliths from Peter Horn of NIWA and fisheries observers in the Ross Sea. Additional funding was provided by the Project Aware Foundation. This manuscript is a refined version of a thesis chapter by Cassandra Brooks that was approved for a Masters of Marine Science degree at Moss Landing Marine Laboratories. NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 34 IS 3 BP 329 EP 338 DI 10.1007/s00300-010-0883-z PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 734QC UT WOS:000288349800002 ER PT J AU Widegren, JA Bruno, TJ AF Widegren, Jason A. Bruno, Thomas J. TI Vapor pressure measurements on saturated biodiesel fuel esters by the concatenated gas saturation method SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE Biodiesel fuel; Vapor pressure; Saturated ester; Concatenated gas saturation method; Transpiration method ID DISTILLATION CURVE APPROACH; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; LIQUID-EQUILIBRIA; N-DECANE; ALKANES; TEMPERATURE; SUBLIMATION; SOLUBILITY; APPARATUS; EQUATION AB The purpose of this work was to determine vapor pressures for saturated biodiesel esters at the low-temperature end of their liquid range. A "concatenated" gas saturation apparatus capable of simultaneous measurements on 18 samples was used for measurements on methyl palmitate, ethyl palmitate, methyl stearate, ethyl stearate, and eicosane (C(20)H(42)) over the temperature range 323.15 K-343.15 K. Eicosane, a linear alkane with a well known vapor pressure curve (in the same range as the biodiesel esters), was included as a control compound. Importantly, the measured vapor pressures for eicosane are in excellent agreement with reference values, which is good evidence of the low uncertainty of the measurements on the biodiesel esters. Over this temperature range, the measured vapor pressure ranges were 0.145 Pa-1.11 Pa for methyl palmitate, 0.0687 Pa-0.616 Pa for ethyl palmitate, 0.0159 Pa-0.183 Pa for methyl stearate, and 0.00704 Pa-0.0912 Pa for ethyl stearate. The combined standard uncertainty in the vapor pressure measurements ranged from 8% to 15%. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Widegren, Jason A.; Bruno, Thomas J.] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jason.widegren@nist.gov; thomas.bruno@-nist.gov NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD MAR PY 2011 VL 90 IS 5 BP 1833 EP 1839 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2010.11.034 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 733DY UT WOS:000288243100016 ER PT J AU McPherson, RA Lane, JD Crawford, KC McPherson, WG AF McPherson, Renee A. Lane, Justin D. Crawford, Kenneth C. McPherson, William G., Jr. TI A climatological analysis of heatbursts in Oklahoma (1994-2009) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE heatburst; heat burst; Oklahoma Mesonet; multi-criteria analysis ID HEAT BURST; MESONET AB Heatbursts are characterized by a sudden and highly localized increase in air temperature, a simultaneous decrease in relative humidity and dewpoint temperature, and strong gusty winds, typically associated with decaying thunderstorms. The small spatial extent and short duration of most heatbursts makes detailed study of these events difficult using the standard federal observation network (e.g. hourly observations) established in most countries. Thus, many discussions of heatbursts note that they are 'rare' phenomena. However, observations from the Oklahoma Mesonet indicate that although heatbursts are meso-alpha scale phenomena, they are not rare. Using multi-criteria analysis, 207 heatburst events of various magnitudes, areal coverage and duration were identified between 1994 and 2009 across Oklahoma. Significantly more heatbursts were detected in the western two-thirds of the state as compared to the eastern third. Heatbursts were primarily nocturnal events, with 70% of heatburst events initiated between 0000 and 0800 UTC (i.e. between 6 p.m. and 2 a.m. Central Standard Time). With 62 of the 207 events, June was the most active month for heatbursts. At the other extreme, no heatbursts were detected during February and November, and only one was observed during January and December. Almost all of the heatbursts occurred underneath or adjacent to weak radar echoes at the time of the event. Four basic radar patterns were associated with the events: (1) radar echoes associated with rapidly weakening convection, (2) weak reflectivity not produced by or associated with deep moist convection, (3) weak radar echoes to the rear of a dissipating mesoscale convective system (MCS) and (4) weak reflectivity along the periphery of intense convection that did not appear to be weakening. Copyright (C) 2010 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [McPherson, Renee A.; McPherson, William G., Jr.] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Spatial Anal, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Lane, Justin D.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Greer, SC USA. RP McPherson, RA (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Spatial Anal, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Suite 2900, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM renee@ou.edu RI McPherson, Renee/H-6256-2016 OI McPherson, Renee/0000-0002-1497-9681 FU Oklahoma FX Oklahoma's taxpayers fund the Oklahoma Mesonet through the Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education and the Oklahoma Department of Public Safety. The Oklahoma Climatological Survey and NOAA's National Climatic Data Center provided archived radar data for verification. The authors thank Jared Bostic, David Demko, Brad Illston, Dillon McClain, Alex McCombs and Cindy Morgan for their help with obtaining or quality assuring the observations. Thanks also are extended to Mike Jackson of the NWS Forecast Office in Greer, South Carolina, for his assistance in obtaining and displaying the 5-min ASOS data. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0899-8418 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 31 IS 4 BP 531 EP 544 DI 10.1002/joc.2087 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 731FD UT WOS:000288090800004 ER PT J AU Alsheimer, F Lindner, BL AF Alsheimer, Frank Lindner, B. Lee TI Synoptic-Scale Precursors to High-Impact Weather Events in the Georgia and South Carolina Coastal Region SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; CLIMATOLOGY; STORMS; CHARLESTON; PREDICTION; POLLUTION; SNOWFALL AB To better anticipate and predict high-impact weather events in the SE United States Atlantic coastal region, an examination of the precursor synoptic-scale weather patterns to these events was undertaken. High-impact weather events were defined as extreme cold, extreme heat, strong tornadoes, very large hail, and hurricanes because these events have the potential to cause significant loss of life and property or a major disruption to commerce. Some signals were found in weather patterns days in advance of these events that will improve forecasting of them, which in turn will aid geologists, biologists, policy managers, and others in assessing threats to their interests. Surface high pressure, building south into the northern Gulf of Mexico coast, often preceded extreme cold events, as did the existence of a cold air mass several days before. Low-level, positive temperature anomalies in the lower troposphere often transited from the lower Great Lakes into the Mid-Atlantic before an extreme heat event. Significant tornadic events were generally preceded by a strong jet-stream disturbance near California several days in advance, transitioning into a dual jet-stream structure at 300 hPa. Significant, southerly wind and temperature positive anomalies in the lower levels over the Gulf of Mexico were also a strong indicator of tornadic events. Tropical cyclones were often preceded by a blocking ridge over the western Atlantic and a weak, low-pressure system over Florida, causing these tropical systems to move NW instead of making their usual turn to the north out to sea in the eastern Atlantic Ocean. C1 [Lindner, B. Lee] Coll Charleston, Dept Phys & Astron, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. [Alsheimer, Frank] Natl Weather Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Charleston, SC 29406 USA. RP Lindner, BL (reprint author), Coll Charleston, Dept Phys & Astron, 66 George St, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. EM lindnerb@cofc.edu FU NOAA [NA17WD2383, UCAR-S06-58397, NA06NW54670013, UCAR-S08-68872]; University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) FX This abstract is funded in part from two subawards under the cooperative agreement between NOAA and the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) and is pursuant to NOAA Award NA17WD2383 (subaward UCAR-S06-58397) and NOAA Award NA06NW54670013 (subaward UCAR-S08-68872). The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA, its subagencies, or UCAR. Thanks go out to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service and National Ocean Service, as well as the Earth Systems Research Laboratory, who hosts the National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis Web site home page. The authors especially thank Jonathan Jelsema, Janet Johnson, Danielle Timmons, and Tom Rolfson for their contributions to this study. The authors also thank the reviewers and editor-in-chief for thoughtful suggestions that resulted in a better manuscript. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 27 IS 2 BP 263 EP 275 DI 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-10-00048.1 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 734AV UT WOS:000288306500006 ER PT J AU Vander Pol, SS Hobson, KA Becker, PR Day, RD Ellisor, MB Pugh, RS Roseneau, DG AF Vander Pol, Stacy S. Hobson, Keith A. Becker, Paul R. Day, Rusty D. Ellisor, Michael B. Pugh, Rebecca S. Roseneau, David G. TI Geographic differences in organic contaminants and stable isotopes (delta C-13, delta N-15) in thick-billed murre (Uria lomvia) eggs from Alaska SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID TROPHIC POSITION; SEABIRD EGGS; FOOD-WEB; ORGANOCHLORINE; RESIDUES; GULF; TRANSPORT; TRENDS; SEA AB The contents from thick-billed murre (Uria lomvia) eggs collected at four Alaskan colonies in 2002 were analyzed for organic contaminants and carbon (delta C-13) and nitrogen (delta N-15) stable isotopes. Contaminant concentrations in the eggs varied from below detection limits to 230 ng g(-1) wet mass for 4,4'-DDE in one egg from St Lazaria Island in the Gulf of Alaska. Eggs from this colony generally contained higher levels of contaminants and exhibited significantly different patterns compared to eggs from the Bering and Chukchi seas. Stable isotope values also varied geographically; however, these differences appeared to be related to differences in C and N baselines in the food webs instead of differences in prey. Contaminant and stable isotope correlations were inconclusive, suggesting that better information on regional food web differences and differential offloading of contaminants and stable isotopes to the eggs must be obtained before these kinds of data can be fully incorporated into seabird egg contaminant monitoring programs. C1 [Vander Pol, Stacy S.; Becker, Paul R.; Day, Rusty D.; Ellisor, Michael B.; Pugh, Rebecca S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Hobson, Keith A.] Environm Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada. [Roseneau, David G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Homer, AK 99603 USA. RP Vander Pol, SS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM stacy.vanderpol@nist.gov FU Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge FX We would like to thank the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge for supporting the STAMP program; Larua Greffenius, Susan Hatch, Arthur Kettle, Dean Kildaw, Alexis Paul and the residents of Little Diomede Island for collecting the 1999 common murre eggs; Adrian Gall, Earl Kingik, Jackson Mokiyuk, Leslie Slater, and Julie Snorek for collecting the 2002 thick-billed murre eggs; and Lesley Chappel and Kristin Simac for helping to process them. Blanca Mora Alvarez prepared the samples for stable isotope analyses and Myles Stocki made the isotopic measurements. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 EI 1464-0333 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 13 IS 3 BP 699 EP 705 DI 10.1039/c0em00347f PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 732CH UT WOS:000288160200025 PM 21253646 ER PT J AU Micherdzinska, AM Bass, CD Bass, TD Gan, K Luo, D Markoff, DM Mumm, HP Nico, JS Opper, AK Sharapov, EI Snow, WM Swanson, HE Zhumabekova, V AF Micherdzinska, A. M. Bass, C. D. Bass, T. D. Gan, K. Luo, D. Markoff, D. M. Mumm, H. P. Nico, J. S. Opper, A. K. Sharapov, E. I. Snow, W. M. Swanson, H. E. Zhumabekova, V. TI Polarized neutron beam properties for measuring parity-violating spin rotation in liquid He-4 SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Cold neutrons; Polarized neutrons; Neutron polarimetry; Liquid helium; Nucleon-nucleon weak interaction; Parity violation ID SUPERMIRRORS; TIN AB Measurements of parity-violating neutron spin rotation can provide insight into the poorly understood nucleon-nucleon weak interaction. Because the expected rotation angle per unit length is small (10(-7) rad/m), several properties of the polarized cold neutron beam phase space and the neutron optical elements of the polarimeter must be measured to quantify possible systematic effects. This paper presents (1) an analysis of a class of possible systematic uncertainties in neutron spin rotation measurements associated with the neutron polarimetry, and (2) measurements of the relevant neutron beam properties (intensity distribution, energy spectrum, and the product of the neutron beam polarization and the analyzing power as a function of the beam phase space properties) on the NG-6 cold neutron beam-line at the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research. We conclude that the phase space nonuniformities of the polarimeter in this beam are small enough that a parity-violating neutron spin rotation measurement in n-He-4 with systematic uncertainties at the 10(-7) rad/m level is possible. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Micherdzinska, A. M.; Gan, K.; Opper, A. K.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Micherdzinska, A. M.; Bass, C. D.; Bass, T. D.; Luo, D.; Snow, W. M.] Indiana Univ, Ctr Explorat Energy & Matter, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Markoff, D. M.] N Carolina Cent Univ, Durham, NC 27707 USA. [Bass, C. D.; Mumm, H. P.; Nico, J. S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sharapov, E. I.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Swanson, H. E.] Univ Washington, CENPA, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Zhumabekova, V.] Al Farabi Kazakh Natl Univ, Alma Ata 050038, Kazakhstan. RP Micherdzinska, AM (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM amicherd@gwu.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-95ER40901, DE-AI02-93ER40784]; National Institute of Standards and Technology; Indiana University Center for Spacetime Symmetries; [NSF PHY-0457219]; [NSF PHY-0758018] FX This work was supported in part by NSF PHY-0457219, NSF PHY-0758018, and a US Department of Energy Grant DE-FG02-95ER40901 and interagency agreement DE-AI02-93ER40784. The authors acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, The U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron facilities used in this work. The authors acknowledge support from the Indiana University Center for Spacetime Symmetries. The authors also acknowledge the Kazakhstan Ph.D. program at the Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, which allowed Ph.D. student V. Zhumabekova to participate in these measurements. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAR 1 PY 2011 VL 631 IS 1 BP 80 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2010.11.105 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 730OA UT WOS:000288042100013 ER PT J AU Song, ZY Qiao, FL Wang, CZ AF Song ZhenYa Qiao FangLi Wang ChunZai TI The correctness to the spuriously simulated semi-annual cycle of the sea surface temperature in the equatorial eastern Pacific SO SCIENCE CHINA-EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE SST seasonal cycle; the eastern Pacific; the wave-induced mixing; CGCMs ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; CLIMATE SYSTEM MODEL; TROPICAL PACIFIC; ATMOSPHERE MODEL; SEASONAL CYCLE; COUPLED OCEAN; BIASES; CCSM3 AB One of the challenges faced by the climate model of the Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3) is the spuriously simulated semi-annual cycle of the sea surface temperature (SST) in the equatorial eastern Pacific. This model bias has limited the performance of the climate simulation and prediction. Based on the surface wave-circulation coupled theory, an atmosphere-wave-ocean coupled model was developed, which incorporates the MASNUM (key laboratory of Marine Sciences and Numerical Modeling) wave number spectral model into CCSM3. The new coupled atmosphere-wave-ocean model successfully removes the spurious semi-annual cycle simulated by the original CCSM3 and reasonably produces an SST annual cycle with warm and cold phases in April and August, respectively. The correlation between the simulated and observed SST in the equatorial eastern Pacific is improved from 0.66 to 0.93. The ocean surface layer heat budget analysis indicates that the wave-induced vertical mixing is responsible for improving the simulation of the SST seasonal cycle in the equatorial eastern Pacific. C1 [Song ZhenYa; Qiao FangLi] First Inst Oceanog, State Ocean Adm, Qingdao 266061, Peoples R China. [Wang ChunZai] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Qiao, FL (reprint author), First Inst Oceanog, State Ocean Adm, Qingdao 266061, Peoples R China. EM qiaofl@fio.org.cn RI Song, Zhenya/F-9819-2013; Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009 OI Song, Zhenya/0000-0002-8098-5529; Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [40730842, 40906018] FX This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 40730842 and 40906018). Thanks two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU SCIENCE CHINA PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1674-7313 J9 SCI CHINA EARTH SCI JI Sci. China-Earth Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 54 IS 3 BP 438 EP 444 DI 10.1007/s11430-011-4176-3 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 731PM UT WOS:000288121700012 ER PT J AU Alexandrov, BT Hope, AT Sowards, JW Lippold, JC McCracken, S AF Alexandrov, B. T. Hope, A. T. Sowards, J. W. Lippold, J. C. McCracken, S. TI WELDABILITY STUDIES of HIGH-Cr, Ni-BASE filler metals for power generation applications SO WELDING IN THE WORLD LA English DT Article DE Chromium; Cracking; High alloy steels; Nickel alloys; Filler materials; Solidification; Weld metal; Weldability tests ID DUCTILITY-DIP CRACKING; NB-BEARING SUPERALLOYS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE BEHAVIOR; WELD METAL; PART II; SOLIDIFICATION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; MECHANISM AB The solidification behaviour and weld solidification cracking susceptibility of high-Cr, Ni-base filler metals that are widely used, or proposed for use, in the nuclear power industry have been investigated. Two heats of ERNiCrFe-13 (filler metal 52MSS), one heat of ERNiCrFe-7A (filler metal 52M), and one heat of a modified ERNiCr-3 (filler metal 82 with higher Cr content, designated here as filler metal 52i) have been tested using both the Transvarestraint test and the Cast Pin Tear test (CPU). The solidification behaviour in these alloys has been studied by a newly developed procedure that accurately replicates the solidification process in fusion welds of Ni-base alloys and is based on the patented technique for Single Sensor Differential Thermal Analysis (SS DTA (TM)). Results of the solidification studies showed that filler metal 52i has the widest solidification range, followed by the two heats of filler metal 52MSS, and filler metal 52M. The filler metal 52i also has the widest eutectic temperature range. The interdendritic eutectic constituent formed in weld metal of this filler metal and filler metal 52MSS is enriched in Nb and results from the eutectic reaction of gamma + L -> gamma + NbC at the end of solidification. Both the CPU and the Transvarestraint test provided the same ranking of solidification cracking susceptibility among these filler metals. Both heats of 52MSS and the heat of 52i were found to be more susceptible to solidification cracking than filler metal 52M. The slightly higher resistance to solidification cracking of filler metal 52i relative to the 52MSS filler metals is attributed to crack "healing" during the final stages of solidification. This is the result of the higher fraction of eutectic liquid of filler metal 52i, as confirmed by metallographic studies. The results of this study confirm the higher solidification cracking susceptibility of high-Cr, Ni-base filler metals that contain higher Nb levels to counteract ductility-dip cracking, relative to filler metals that are Nb-free. This study has also shown that the CPU can be used as an alternative, and reliable, tool for ranking the solidification cracking susceptibility of high-Cr, Ni-base filler metals proposed for use in nuclear power plants and other applications. C1 [Alexandrov, B. T.; Hope, A. T.; Lippold, J. C.] Ohio State Univ, Welding Engn Program, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Sowards, J. W.] OSU, NIST, Boulder, CO USA. [McCracken, S.] Elect Power Res Inst, Charlotte, NC USA. RP Alexandrov, BT (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Welding Engn Program, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM alexandrov.1@osu.edu; hope.30@buckeymail.osu.edu; jeffrey.sowards@nist.gov; lippold.1@osu.edu; smccracken@epri.com RI Sowards, Jeffrey/D-3521-2012; Alexandrov, Boian/D-8815-2016 OI Sowards, Jeffrey/0000-0003-0629-4938; FU Electric Power Research Institute, Charlotte NC, USA FX This project was funded by the Electric Power Research Institute, Charlotte NC, USA. NR 19 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 21 PU INT INST WELDING PI 95942 ROISSY CH DE GAULLE CEDEX PA BP 51362, 95942 ROISSY CH DE GAULLE CEDEX, 00000, FRANCE SN 0043-2288 J9 WELD WORLD JI Weld. World PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 55 IS 3-4 BP 65 EP 76 PG 12 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 733BN UT WOS:000288235500009 ER PT J AU Pease, LF Tsai, DH Brorson, KA Guha, S Zachariah, MR Tarlov, MJ AF Pease, Leonard F., III Tsai, De-Hao Brorson, Kurt A. Guha, Suvajyoti Zachariah, Michael R. Tarlov, Michael J. TI Physical Characterization of Icosahedral Virus Ultra Structure, Stability, and Integrity Using Electrospray Differential Mobility Analysis SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PROTEIN COMPLEXES; ION MOBILITY; IONIZATION; APPROXIMATION; PARTICLES; GEMMA AB We present a rapid and quantitative method to physically characterize the structure and stability of viruses. Electrospray differential mobility analysis (ES-DMA) is used to determine the size of capsomers (i.e., hexons) and complete capsids. We demonstrate how to convert the measured mobility size into the icosahedral dimensions of a virus, which for PR772 become 68.4 nm for vertex-to-vertex, 54.4 nm for facet-to-facet, and 58.2 nm for edge-to-edge lengths, in reasonable agreement with dimensions from transmission electron microscopy for other members of the family Tectiviridae (e.g., PRD1). These results indicate ES-DMA's mobility diameter most closely approximates the edge-to-edge length. Using PR772's edge length (36.0 nm) and the size of the major capsid hexon (approximate to 8.4 nm) from ES-DMA with icosahedral geometry, PR772's T = 25 symmetry is confirmed and the number of proteins in the capsid shell is determined. We also demonstrate the use of ES-DMA to monitor the temporal disintegration of PR772, the thermal degradation of PP7, and the appearance of degradation products, essential to viral stability assays. These results lay groundwork essential for the use of ES-DMA for a variety of applications including monitoring of vaccine and gene therapy vector products, confirmation of viral inactivation, and theoretical studies of self-assembling macromolecular structures. C1 [Pease, Leonard F., III] Univ Utah, Dept Chem Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Pease, Leonard F., III] Univ Utah, Dept Pharmaceut & Pharmaceut Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Pease, Leonard F., III] Univ Utah, Dept Internal Med, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Pease, Leonard F., III; Tsai, De-Hao; Guha, Suvajyoti; Zachariah, Michael R.; Tarlov, Michael J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tsai, De-Hao; Guha, Suvajyoti; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tsai, De-Hao; Guha, Suvajyoti; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Brorson, Kurt A.] US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. RP Pease, LF (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Chem Engn, Cent Campus Dr,3290 MEB, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM pease@eng.utah.edu; michael.tarlov@nist.gov RI Tsai, De-Hao/K-6702-2012; OI Tsai, De-Hao/0000-0002-2669-3007; Guha, Suvajyoti/0000-0002-7622-2721 FU National Research Council FX L.F.P. would like to acknowledge support of a postdoctoral fellowship through the National Research Council. We ex-press appreciation for helpful suggestions and conversations with Anton P. J. Middelberg John T. Elliott, and Kenneth D. Cole and Scott Lute (CDER/FDA) for providing the virus preps. Views expressed are not necessarily those of the FDA or the US government. NR 38 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 1 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 5 BP 1753 EP 1759 DI 10.1021/ac1030094 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 725ZQ UT WOS:000287685800038 PM 21302934 ER PT J AU Parekh, SH Chatterjee, K Lin-Gibson, S Moore, NM Cicerone, MT Young, MF Simon, CG AF Parekh, Sapun H. Chatterjee, Kaushik Lin-Gibson, Sheng Moore, Nicole M. Cicerone, Marcus T. Young, Marian F. Simon, Carl G., Jr. TI Modulus-driven differentiation of marrow stromal cells in 3D scaffolds that is independent of myosin-based cytoskeletal tension SO BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Three-dimensional culture; Bone marrow stromal cell; Cytoskeleton; Hydrogels; Matrix modulus ID MESENCHYMAL STEM-CELLS; INTERMEDIATE-FILAMENTS; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; STIFFNESS; BONE; MECHANOTRANSDUCTION; MICROTUBULES; TRANSFORM; INTEGRINS; SUBSTRATE AB Proliferation and differentiation of cells are known to be influenced by the physical properties of the extracellular environment. Previous studies examining biophysics underlying cell response to matrix stiffness utilized a two-dimensional (2D) culture format, which is not representative of the three-dimensional (3D) tissue environment in vivo. We report on the effect of 3D matrix modulus on human bone marrow stromal cell (hBMSC) differentiation. hBMSCs underwent osteogenic differentiation in poly (ethylene glycol) hydrogels of all modulus (300-fold modulus range, from 0.2 kPa to 59 kPa) in the absence of osteogenic differentiation supplements. This osteogenic differentiation was modulus-dependent and was enhanced in stiffer gels. Osteogenesis in these matrices required integrin-protein ligation since osteogenesis was inhibited by soluble Arginine-Glycine-Aspartate-Serine peptide, which blocks integrin receptors. Immunostained images revealed lack of well-defined actin filaments and microtubules in the encapsulated cells. Disruption of mechanosensing elements downstream of integrin binding that have been identified from 2D culture such as actin filaments, myosin II contraction, and RhoA kinase did not abrogate hBMSC material-driven osteogenic differentiation in 3D. These data show that increased hydrogel modulus enhanced osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs in 3D scaffolds but that hBMSCs did not use the same mechanosensing pathways that have been identified in 2D culture. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Parekh, Sapun H.; Chatterjee, Kaushik; Lin-Gibson, Sheng; Moore, Nicole M.; Cicerone, Marcus T.; Simon, Carl G., Jr.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chatterjee, Kaushik; Young, Marian F.] Natl Inst Dent & Craniofacial Res, Craniofacial & Skeletal Dis Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Simon, CG (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM carl.simon@nist.gov FU National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences; NIST; NIH-NIBIB [R21 EB006497-01]; NIH-NIDCR FX K.C., S.H.P., and N.M.M. were supported by Research Associateship Awards from the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences. This work was supported by NIST, NIH-NIBIB R21 EB006497-01 and the Intramural Program of the NIH-NIDCR. The Tulane Center for Gene Therapy provided hBMSCs (NCRR/NIH P40RR017447). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of NIH or NIST. Certain equipment and instruments or materials are identified in the paper to adequately specify the experimental details. Such identification does not imply recommendation by NIST, nor does it imply the materials are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 42 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9612 J9 BIOMATERIALS JI Biomaterials PD MAR PY 2011 VL 32 IS 9 BP 2256 EP 2264 DI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.11.065 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 722JI UT WOS:000287428100003 PM 21176956 ER PT J AU Glaser, SM Ye, H Maunder, M MacCall, A Fogarty, M Sugihara, G AF Glaser, Sarah M. Ye, Hao Maunder, Mark MacCall, Alec Fogarty, Michael Sugihara, George TI Detecting and forecasting complex nonlinear dynamics in spatially structured catch-per-unit-effort time series for North Pacific albacore (Thunnus alalunga) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM FLUCTUATIONS; DISTINGUISHING CHAOS; FISH STOCKS; VARIABILITY; MIGRATION; ABUNDANCE; PATTERNS; OCEAN; PREDICTION; MANAGEMENT AB The presence of complex, nonlinear dynamics in fish populations, and uncertainty in the structure (functional form) of those dynamics, pose challenges to the accuracy of forecasts produced by traditional stock assessment models. We describe two nonlinear forecasting models that test for the hallmarks of complex behavior, avoid problems of structural uncertainty, and produce good forecasts of catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) time series in both standardized and nominal (unprocessed) form. We analyze a spatially extensive, 40-year-long data set of annual CPUE time series of North Pacific albacore (Thunnus alalunga) from 1 degrees x 1 degrees cells from the eastern North Pacific Ocean. The use of spatially structured data in compositing techniques improves out-of-sample forecasts of CPUE and overcomes difficulties commonly encountered when using short, incomplete time series. These CPUE series display low-dimensional, nonlinear structure and significant predictability. Such characteristics have important implications for industry efficiency in terms of future planning and can inform formal stock assessments used for the management of fisheries. C1 [Glaser, Sarah M.; Ye, Hao; Sugihara, George] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Maunder, Mark] Inter Amer Trop Tuna Commiss, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [MacCall, Alec] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Fogarty, Michael] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Glaser, SM (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA. EM sglaser@ucsd.edu OI Ye, Hao/0000-0002-8630-1458 FU Comparative Analysis of Marine Ecosystem Organization (CAMEO) [NA08OAR4320894, NA09NMF4720177]; US National Science Foundation; NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service FX We thank L. Kaufman, E. Kline, E. Deyle, C. Hsieh, and C. Hendrix for valuable comments on drafts of this paper and A. Rosenberg, H. Liu, B. Fissel, M. Cape, S. Martin, B. Carr, C. H. Hsieh, and I. Altman for discussion of this approach. Funding was provided through NA08OAR4320894 and NA09NMF4720177, grants from the Comparative Analysis of Marine Ecosystem Organization (CAMEO) program, a partnership between the US National Science Foundation and NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service. This is contribution No. 5. NR 51 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 20 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 68 IS 3 BP 400 EP 412 DI 10.1139/F10-160 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 729VC UT WOS:000287978500003 ER PT J AU Chilcote, MW Goodson, KW Falcy, MR AF Chilcote, M. W. Goodson, K. W. Falcy, M. R. TI Reduced recruitment performance in natural populations of anadromous salmonids associated with hatchery-reared fish SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; WILD STEELHEAD TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; ADULT STAGE; PRODUCTIVITY; PROGRAMS AB We found a negative relationship between the reproductive performance in natural, anadromous populations of steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), coho salmon (O. kisutch), and Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha), and the proportion of hatchery fish in the spawning population. We used intrinsic productivity as estimated from fitting a variety of recruitment models to abundance data for each population as our indicator of reproductive performance. The magnitude of this negative relationship is such that we predict the recruitment performance for a population composed entirely of hatchery fish would be 0.128 of that for a population composed entirely of wild fish. The effect of hatchery fish on reproductive performance was the same among all three species. Further, the impact of hatchery fish from "wild type" hatchery brood-stocks was no less adverse than hatchery fish from traditional, domesticated broodstocks. We also found no support for the hypothesis that a population's reproductive performance was affected by the length of exposure to hatchery fish. In most cases, measures that minimize the interactions between wild and hatchery fish will be the best long-term conservation strategy for wild populations. C1 [Chilcote, M. W.] NOAA Fisheries, Salmon Management Div, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [Goodson, K. W.; Falcy, M. R.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Salem, OR 97303 USA. RP Chilcote, MW (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Salmon Management Div, 1201 NE Lloyd Blvd,Suite 1100, Portland, OR 97232 USA. EM Mark.Chilcote@NOAA.gov NR 45 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 19 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 68 IS 3 BP 511 EP 522 DI 10.1139/F10-168 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 729VC UT WOS:000287978500011 ER PT J AU Lee, SS Lee, JY Ha, KJ Wang, B Schemm, JKE AF Lee, Sun-Seon Lee, June-Yi Ha, Kyung-Ja Wang, Bin Schemm, Jae Kyung E. TI Deficiencies and possibilities for long-lead coupled climate prediction of the Western North Pacific-East Asian summer monsoon SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Long-lead coupled climate prediction; Multi-model ensemble; Western North Pacific-East Asian monsoon; East Asian summer monsoon index; Western North Pacific summer monsoon index; Climate Forecast System; Predictive Ocean-Atmosphere Model for Australia; Statistical postprocessing ID INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SEASONAL PREDICTION; SYSTEMATIC-ERROR; FORECAST SYSTEM; SST ANOMALIES; PRECIPITATION; SIMULATIONS; PREDICTABILITY; TEMPERATURE; ENSEMBLE AB Long-lead prediction of waxing and waning of the Western North Pacific (WNP)-East Asian (EA) summer monsoon (WNP-EASM) precipitation is a major challenge in seasonal time-scale climate prediction. In this study, deficiencies and potential for predicting the WNP-EASM precipitation and circulation one or two seasons ahead were examined using retrospective forecast data for the 26-year period of 1981-2006 from two operational couple models which are the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System (CFS) and the Bureau of Meteorology Research Center (BMRC) Predictive Ocean-Atmosphere Model for Australia (POAMA). While both coupled models have difficulty in predicting summer mean precipitation anomalies over the region of interest, even for a 0-month lead forecast, they are capable of predicting zonal wind anomalies at 850 hPa several months ahead and, consequently, satisfactorily predict summer monsoon circulation indices for the EA region (EASMI) and for the WNP region (WNPSMI). It should be noted that the two models' multi-model ensemble (MME) reaches 0.40 of the correlation skill for the EASMI with a January initial condition and 0.75 for the WNPSMI with a February initial condition. Further analysis indicates that prediction reliability of the EASMI is related not only to the preceding El Nio and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) but also to simultaneous local SST variability. On other hand, better prediction of the WNPSMI is accompanied by a more realistic simulation of lead-lag relationship between the index and ENSO. It should also be noted that current coupled models have difficulty in capturing the interannual variability component of the WNP-EASM system which is not correlated with typical ENSO variability. To improve the long-lead seasonal prediction of the WNP-EASM precipitation, a statistical postprocessing was developed based on the multiple linear regression method. The method utilizes the MME prediction of the EASMI and WNPSMI as predictors. It is shown that the statistical postprocessing is able to improve forecast skill for the summer mean precipitation over most of the WNP-EASM region at all forecast leads. It is noteworthy that the MME prediction, after applying statistical postprocessing, shows the best anomaly pattern correlation skill for the EASM precipitation at a 4-month lead (February initial condition) and for the WNPSM precipitation at a 5-month lead (January initial condition), indicating its potential for improving long-lead prediction of the monsoon precipitation. C1 [Lee, June-Yi; Wang, Bin] Univ Hawaii, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Lee, June-Yi; Wang, Bin] Univ Hawaii, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Lee, Sun-Seon; Ha, Kyung-Ja] Pusan Natl Univ, Div Earth Environm Sci, Pusan, South Korea. [Schemm, Jae Kyung E.] NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Lee, JY (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM jylee@soest.hawaii.edu RI Lee, June-Yi/D-5752-2012 FU Korean Ministry of Environment; Brain Korea 21 Project; APEC Climate Center (APCC); IPRC; JAMSTEC; NOAA; NASA FX This work was supported by a grant from the Korean Ministry of Environment as "Eco-technopia 21 project'' and the second stage of the Brain Korea 21 Project. Lee and Wang acknowledge support from APEC Climate Center (APCC) international research project and IPRC, which is in part supported by JAMSTEC, NOAA and NASA. This is the SEOST publication number 7938 and IPRC publication number 697. NR 37 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 36 IS 5-6 BP 1173 EP 1188 DI 10.1007/s00382-010-0832-0 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 729CB UT WOS:000287924400022 ER PT J AU Godard-Codding, CAJ Clark, R Fossi, MC Marsili, L Maltese, S West, AG Valenzuela, L Rowntree, V Polyak, I Cannon, JC Pinkerton, K Rubio-Cisneros, N Mesnick, SL Cox, SB Kerr, I Payne, R Stegeman, JJ AF Godard-Codding, Celine A. J. Clark, Rebecca Fossi, Maria Cristina Marsili, Letizia Maltese, Silvia West, Adam G. Valenzuela, Luciano Rowntree, Victoria Polyak, Ildiko Cannon, John C. Pinkerton, Kim Rubio-Cisneros, Nadia Mesnick, Sarah L. Cox, Stephen B. Kerr, Iain Payne, Roger Stegeman, John J. TI Pacific Ocean-Wide Profile of CYP1A1 Expression, Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Ratios, and Organic Contaminant Burden in Sperm Whale Skin Biopsies SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE biomarkers; CYP1A1; cytochrome P450; marine ecosystem; marine mammal; PAH; PCB; PHAH; sperm whale; stable isotope ID CYTOCHROME-P450 1A1 EXPRESSION; SOUTHERN AUSTRALIAN WATERS; BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; BAY CRUDE-OIL; MARINE MAMMALS; ORGANOCHLORINE CONTAMINANTS; PERSISTENT ORGANOCHLORINES; MEDITERRANEAN CETACEANS; PHYSETER-MACROCEPHALUS; DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS AB BACKGROUND: Ocean pollution affects marine organisms and ecosystems as well as humans. The International Oceanographic Commission recommends ocean health monitoring programs to investigate the presence of marine contaminants and the health of threatened species and the use of multiple and early-warning biomarker approaches. OBJECTIVE: We explored the hypothesis that biomarker and contaminant analyses in skin biopsies of the threatened sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) could reveal geographical trends in exposure on an ocean-wide scale. METHODS: We analyzed cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) expression (by immunohistochemistry), stable nitrogen and carbon isotope ratios (as general indicators of trophic position and latitude, respectively), and contaminant burdens in skin biopsies to explore regional trends in the Pacific Ocean. RESULTS: Biomarker analyses revealed significant regional differences within the Pacific Ocean. CYP1A1 expression was highest in whales from the Galapagos, a United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization World Heritage marine reserve, and was lowest in the sampling sites farthest away from continents. We examined the possible influence of the whales' sex, diet, or range and other parameters on regional variation in CYP1A1 expression, but data were inconclusive. In general, CYP1A1 expression was not significantly correlated with contaminant burdens in blubber. However, small sample sizes precluded detailed chemical analyses, and power to detect significant associations was limited. CONCLUSIONS: Our large-scale monitoring study was successful at identifying regional differences in CYP1A1 expression, providing a baseline for this known biomarker of exposure to aryl hydro-carbon receptor agonists. However, we could not identify factors that explained this variation. Future ocean-wide CYP1A1 expression profiles in cetacean skin biopsies are warranted and could reveal whether globally distributed chemicals occur at biochemically relevant concentrations on a global basis, which may provide a measure of ocean integrity. C1 [Godard-Codding, Celine A. J.; Cox, Stephen B.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Environm Toxicol, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Godard-Codding, Celine A. J.; Stegeman, John J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Godard-Codding, Celine A. J.; Clark, Rebecca; Rowntree, Victoria; Polyak, Ildiko; Cannon, John C.; Pinkerton, Kim; Kerr, Iain; Payne, Roger] Ocean Alliance, Lincoln, MA USA. [Fossi, Maria Cristina; Marsili, Letizia; Maltese, Silvia] Univ Siena, Dept Environm Sci, I-53100 Siena, Italy. [West, Adam G.; Valenzuela, Luciano; Rowntree, Victoria] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [West, Adam G.] Univ Cape Town, Dept Bot, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. [Valenzuela, Luciano] Inst Conservac Ballenas, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Rubio-Cisneros, Nadia] Ctr Invest Biol Noroestre, La Paz, Mexico. [Mesnick, Sarah L.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Godard-Codding, CAJ (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Environm Toxicol, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, Box 41163, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM celine.godard-codding@tiehh.ttu.edu RI West, Adam/E-8740-2010; OI West, Adam/0000-0002-9352-9282; Marsili, Letizia/0000-0002-2474-4587 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P42-ES-0469]; Superfund Basic Research Program [P42ES007381]; NOAA [NA86RG0075 R/B-162]; Ocean Alliance FX Funding was provided by National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences grant P42-ES-0469, Superfund Basic Research Program grant P42ES007381, NOAA Sea Grant NA86RG0075 R/B-162, and the Ocean Alliance. NR 50 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 7 U2 49 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 119 IS 3 BP 337 EP 343 DI 10.1289/ehp.0901809 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 729CU UT WOS:000287926700022 PM 21134820 ER PT J AU McCarroll, S Yeary, M Hougen, D Lakshmanan, V Smith, S AF McCarroll, S. Yeary, M. Hougen, D. Lakshmanan, V. Smith, S. TI Approaches for Compression of Super-Resolution WSR-88D Data SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Compression; Doppler radar; high-resolution data; radar signal processing ID REAL-TIME AB Weather radar products from the U.S. National Weather Service (NWS) are used by the government and private sectors. Very high resolution radar data are increasingly being utilized in real time. However, the bandwidth needed to transmit these data (termed level-II super-resolution data) from the radar to the destination site is a limiting issue. General-purpose compression programs are not tuned to the properties of weather radar data. As the NWS continues to upgrade the capabilities of radar network, the amount of data will continue to increase. As a result, compression is of vital interest to keep down maintenance, storage, and transmission costs. A method for lossless compression of these data on a radial-by-radial basis focusing on the delta (difference) between range bins of super-resolution radar data is presented and is called super-resolution delta compression (SRDC). There are several specialized aspects of SRDC that are based on the properties of weather radar data. SRDC was tested on level-II reflectivity product data from several S-band Doppler weather radars in the NWS network and was compared with two general-purpose compression programs and a different weather-radar-specific compression approach. The results show that the newly developed SRDC yield is approximately 17% better than the next best approach and approximately 47% better than only preprocessed radials. C1 [McCarroll, S.; Smith, S.] NOAA, Radar Operat Ctr, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Yeary, M.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Yeary, M.] Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Hougen, D.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Comp Sci, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Lakshmanan, V.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Lakshmanan, V.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP McCarroll, S (reprint author), NOAA, Radar Operat Ctr, Norman, OK 73069 USA. FU NSF-HRD [0402640] FX This work was supported in part by NSF-HRD 0402640. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 8 IS 2 BP 191 EP 195 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2010.2058089 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 725PZ UT WOS:000287659300001 ER PT J AU Kleespies, TJ AF Kleespies, Thomas J. TI Recharacterization of the Microwave Sounding Unit Cross-Track Asymmetry During a Spacecraft Tumble SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Antenna measurements; antenna radiation patterns; meteorology; microwave measurements; remote sensing; satellite applications; terrestrial atmosphere AB In August 2006, a pitch-over maneuver was performed on NOAA-14 in order to characterize the asymmetry in the Microwave Sounding Unit. Approximately seven weeks later, the spacecraft tumbled when a hydrazine thruster leaked. This tumble permitted a second characterization of the asymmetry. The analysis of the data collected during the tumble event revealed that, while three of the four channels had similar response and asymmetry, one channel changed its response either as a result of the tumble or due to another cause in the seven weeks after the pitch-over maneuver. This letter summarizes the results of the maneuver and gives the results from the tumble event. C1 Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NOAA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Kleespies, TJ (reprint author), Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NOAA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Thomas.J.Kleespies@noaa.gov NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 8 IS 2 BP 230 EP 232 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2010.2060310 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 725PZ UT WOS:000287659300009 ER PT J AU Lei, ZQ Li, GJ Egelhoff, WF Lai, PT Pong, PWT AF Lei, Z. Q. Li, G. J. Egelhoff, William F., Jr. Lai, P. T. Pong, Philip W. T. TI Review of Noise Sources in Magnetic Tunnel Junction Sensors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Asia-Pacific Data Storage Conference (APDSC 2010) CY OCT 27-29, 2010 CL Hualien, TAIWAN DE Johnson noise; magnetic noise; magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ); shot noise; thermal noise; 1-f noise ID LOW-FREQUENCY NOISE; SHOT-NOISE; 1/F NOISE; THERMAL AGITATION; FIELD SENSORS; 1-F NOISE; FLUCTUATION; CONDUCTORS; ELECTRICITY; DEPENDENCE AB Noise problem limits the sensitivity of magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) sensors for ultra-low magnetic field applications. Noise analysis not only helps in finding ways to eliminate noise disturbances but also essential for understanding the electronic and magnetic properties of MTJs. These approaches provide insight for optimizing the design of MTJ sensors before fabrication. This paper reviews the noise sources in MTJ sensors reported in recent years. Both the origins and mathematical derivations of the noise sources are presented, illustrating how different factors affecting the performance of MTJ sensors. A brief outlook of challenges in the future is also given. C1 [Lei, Z. Q.; Li, G. J.; Lai, P. T.; Pong, Philip W. T.] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Egelhoff, William F., Jr.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pong, PWT (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM ppong@eee.hku.hk RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Li, Guijun/N-6865-2013 OI Li, Guijun/0000-0001-6259-3209 NR 80 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 29 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9464 EI 1941-0069 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 47 IS 3 BP 602 EP 612 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2010.2100814 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 728GE UT WOS:000287861800025 ER PT J AU Lei, ZQ Li, GJ Egelhoff, WF Lai, PT Pong, PWT AF Lei, Z. Q. Li, G. J. Egelhoff, William F., Jr. Lai, P. T. Pong, Philip W. T. TI Magnetic Tunnel Junction Sensors With Conetic Alloy SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Asia-Pacific Data Storage Conference (APDSC 2010) CY OCT 27-29, 2010 CL Haulien, TAIWAN DE 1/f Noise; Conetic; hard-axis bias field; magnetic sensor; magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) ID NOISE; FIELD; HEADS AB Al(2)O(3) magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) sensors were fabricated with Conetic alloy Ni(77)Fe(14)Cu(5)Mo(4) deposited as the free layer and pinned layer for its soft magnetic properties. It was observed that the Al(2)O(3) MTJ sensors with Conetic exhibited relatively small easy-axis coercivity. Tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) and noise measurements were carried out to characterize the sensors. TMR of 9.5% and Hooge parameter of 3.825 x 10(-7) mu m(2) were achieved without any hard-axis field. Hard-axis bias field was applied to eliminate the hysteresis and improve the linear field response of the MTJ sensor. The hysteresis was removed by applying an external magnetic field along the hard axis at 8 Oe and the sensor sensitivity was 0.4 %/Oe within a linear region at room temperature. The relationship between the Hooge parameter and hard-axis field was also investigated and the result demonstrated that the 1/f noise can be suppressed by an optimized hard-axis bias field. This work shows that it is feasible to use Conetic alloy as the soft magnetic layers in MTJ sensors for its small coercivity, and a hard-axis bias field can be used to linearize the sensor response and suppress the 1/f noise. C1 [Lei, Z. Q.; Li, G. J.; Lai, P. T.; Pong, Philip W. T.] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Egelhoff, William F., Jr.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pong, PWT (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM ppong@eee.hku.hk RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Li, Guijun/N-6865-2013 OI Li, Guijun/0000-0001-6259-3209 NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 47 IS 3 BP 714 EP 717 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2010.2104136 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 728GE UT WOS:000287861800047 ER PT J AU Anderson, EJ Schwab, DJ AF Anderson, Eric J. Schwab, David J. TI Relationships between wind-driven and hydraulic flow in Lake St. Clair and the St. Clair River Delta SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Hydrodynamic; Mixing; Lake St. Clair; Hydraulic; Delta; Water age ID CIRCULATION; MODEL; EQUATIONS; MICHIGAN AB A three-dimensional hydrodynamic forecasting model of the Great Lakes Huron-Erie Corridor is used to investigate mixing and the relationship between hydraulic and wind-induced currents in a shallow lake system in which lake inflows come through several channels of a river delta. The hydrodynamics in Lake St. Clair and the channels of the St. Clair River Delta are evaluated for (1) a one-year simulation from 1985 including water age calculation, (2) 8 different wind direction scenarios, and (3) a storm event. Observations and model simulations show distinct regions in the lake in which currents are forced by either hydraulic flow from the river system or from wind stress over the lake. However, during severe storm events, these regions are found to shift or even disappear due to changes in the delta channel inputs into the lake. These changes underscore the need for realistic, unsteady river flow boundary conditions at interfaces between a shallow lake and river delta. Steady inflow conditions will not allow for potential shifting of these current zones, and will also fail to resolve flow retardation or reversals during storm events. (C) 2010 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Anderson, Eric J.] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Schwab, David J.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Anderson, EJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, 4840 S State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM ejander@umich.edu; david.schwab@noaa.gov RI Schwab, David/B-7498-2012; OI Anderson, Eric/0000-0001-5342-8383 FU National Research Council at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Research Council; Great Lakes Observing System FX This research was performed while Dr. Eric J. Anderson held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Funding was provided by the National Research Council and the Great Lakes Observing System. This is GLERL publication number 1578. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 37 IS 1 BP 147 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2010.11.007 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 729KL UT WOS:000287948400017 ER PT J AU Hondorp, DW Pothoven, SA Brandt, SB AF Hondorp, Darryl W. Pothoven, Steven A. Brandt, Stephen B. TI Feeding selectivity of slimy sculpin Cottus cognatus and deepwater sculpin Myoxocephalus thompsonii in southeast Lake Michigan: Implications for species coexistence SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Sculpin; Prey selection; Community ecology; Lake Michigan ID MYSIS-RELICTA; DEPTH DISTRIBUTION; AMPHIPOD DIPOREIA; DIET; ONTARIO; PREY; COMMUNITY; FISHES; HURON; FOOD AB Feeding selectivity was compared between slimy sculpin Cottus cognatus and deepwater sculpin Myoxocephalus thompsonii collected from southeast Lake Michigan during 1999-2002 to evaluate the hypothesis that differential prey selection contributes to long-term coexistence of these species. Study results indicated that slimy and deepwater sculpin select different prey types and sizes. Selection for the shrimp-like crustacean Mysis diluviana was consistently greater for deepwater sculpin than for slimy sculpin, whereas selection for the amphipod Diporeia spp. was higher for slimy sculpin than for deepwater sculpin when Mysis was the only other available prey type. Slimy sculpin also exhibited higher selectivity for chironomids (order Diptera, family Chironomidae) compared with deepwater sculpin. Patterns in food resource partitioning were consistent between sampling periods covering different locations, seasons and depths, as well as between locations with varying levels of Diporeia availability. This consistency suggests (1) that differences in food use by the two species are associated with intrinsic differences in food preferences or feeding behaviors and (2) that Diporeia declines had not fundamentally altered the resource partitioning dynamics of the two species as of 2002. The results also indicated that slimy and deepwater sculpin can partition food resources on the basis of prey size since deepwater sculpin tended to select larger Diporeia than slimy sculpin. Differences in prey selection may mediate competitive interactions between slimy and deepwater sculpin directly by reducing diet overlap in areas of sympatry or indirectly by causing these fish to select different depth habitats. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Hondorp, Darryl W.] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Hondorp, Darryl W.] NOAA GLERL, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Pothoven, Steven A.] NOAA GLERL, Lake Michigan Field Stn, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. [Brandt, Stephen B.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Hondorp, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM dhondorp@usgs.gov; steve.pothoven@noaa.gov; stephen.brandt@oregonstate.edu OI Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422 FU Great Lakes Fishery Trust FX Assistance in the field and laboratory provided by the crews of the RV Shenehon and RV Laurentian, A. Neiman, C. Kingsbury, C. Hwang, H. Gunder, B. Hice, and K. Downey. Funding was provided by the Great Lakes Fishery Trust. This manuscript benefited from comments made by C. Madenjian and K. Maloney. This is NOAA-GLERL contribution 1581. NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 37 IS 1 BP 165 EP 172 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2010.11.010 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 729KL UT WOS:000287948400019 ER PT J AU DeMarchi, C Xing, F Croley, TE He, CS Wang, YP AF DeMarchi, Carlo Xing, Fei Croley, Thomas E., II He, Chansheng Wang, Ya Ping TI Application of a Distributed Large Basin Runoff Model to Lake Erie: Model Calibration and Analysis of Parameter Spatial Variation SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Model development; Calibration; Spatial variation of parameters; Water quality model; Distributed large basin runoff model; Great Lakes AB The distributed large basin runoff model (DLBRM) was designed to simulate the hydrological processes of the Great Lakes watersheds. As part of its development, the DLBRM was recently applied to 18 watersheds in the Lake Erie basin, where it was first calibrated to reproduce the observed discharge in 1950-1964 and then applied to 1999-2006. Four different calibration objective functions: root mean squared error (RMSE) minimization, mean absolute error (MAE) minimization, correlation maximization, and Nash-Sutcliffe index maximization were tested, revealing RMSE minimization as the most successful method and able to achieve results very close to its global minimum. Further, the distribution of the main DLBRM parameters in the 18 watersheds was consistent with regional patterns, although each watershed was calibrated individually, thus adding credibility to the calibration process. Model performances, while generally good, varied across the basin according to a series of environmental factors, including climate, watershed shape, topography, and land cover and observation factors such as gauging station distribution. Gauging station coverage proved to be extremely important in the ability of the model to track flow variability. The DLBRM proved to be able to replicate well the 1999-2006 hydrologies of most watersheds without recalibration. However, its performance declined in heavily urbanized watersheds, where the landscape changed the most. The results described in this paper will lead to improved model performance and increased practical applications of the DLBRM, providing important information to researchers and decision makers for efficient water management programs in Great Lakes watersheds. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE) HE.1943-5584.0000304. (C) 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Wang, Ya Ping] Nanjing Univ, Key Lab Coast & Isl Dev, Minist Educ & Jiangsu Prov, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. [DeMarchi, Carlo] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Xing, Fei] Univ Colorado, CSDMS Integrat Facil, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Croley, Thomas E., II] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [He, Chansheng] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Geog, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. RP Wang, YP (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, Key Lab Coast & Isl Dev, Minist Educ & Jiangsu Prov, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. EM ypwang@nju.edu.cn RI He, Chansheng/A-3337-2008 OI He, Chansheng/0000-0001-7748-0485 FU NOAA GLERL [1460]; NOAA Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research [NA05NOS4781204, 09-01]; Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research; School of Natural Resources and Environment at the University of Michigan; Western Michigan University; Natural Science Foundation of China [40876043] FX This research has been supported by NOAA GLERL (Contribution No. 1460); NOAA grant NA05NOS4781204 from The NOAA Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research, and its contribution number 09-01 for the EcoFore Lake Erie project; the Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research's 2008 Great Lakes Summer Student Fellowship Program, the School of Natural Resources and Environment at the University of Michigan; Western Michigan University's Faculty Research and Creative Activities Support Fund and its Department of Geography Lucia Harrison Endowment Fund; and also by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40876043). Carlo DeMarchi and Fei Xing contributed equally to this work. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 16 IS 3 BP 193 EP 202 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000304 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 728ON UT WOS:000287883500001 ER PT J AU Lehnert, H Stone, RP AF Lehnert, Helmut Stone, Robert P. TI Craniella sputnika sp nov (Porifera: Spirophorida: Tetillidae) from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, with suggested nomenclatural changes for the genera Tetilla and Craniella SO JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM LA English DT Article DE Porifera; Spirophorida; Tetillidae; Craniella; Tetilla; taxonomy; new species; Aleutian Islands ID USA; DEMOSPONGIAE AB A new species of Craniella from the Aleutian Islands is described. Craniella sputnika sp. nov. differ from all other species of Craniella in its habitus, absence of microscleres and size of spicules. The name refers to its resemblance to Earth's first artificial satellite, due to its spherical body with long spines. The new species was observed growing on another demosponge, Myxilla sp. We propose transferring two species currently in Craniella to Tetilla (Craniella ellipsoidea Hoshino, 1982 and Craniella laminaris (George & Wilson, 1919)) and two subspecies (Craniella globosa anamonaena Tanita, 1968 and Craniella laminaris symmetrica (Wilson, 1931)) from Craniella to Tetilla. As Craniella globosa anamonaena Tanita, 1968, is actually a species of Tetilla we suggest raising the subspecies to species rank as Tetilla anamonaena. Conversely we think that two species, Tetilla ovata (Thiele, 1898) and Tetilla hamatum Koltun, 1966 should be transferred to Craniella. C1 [Stone, Robert P.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Lehnert, H (reprint author), Eichenstr 14, D-86507 Oberottmarshausen, Germany. EM Helm.Lehnert@t-online.de FU NOAA/NMFS FX Thanks to the crew of the RV 'Velero' and the submersible 'Delta' for friendly and professional support during the field trip. Thanks also to Wolfgang Heimler, Institute fur Entwicklungsbiologie, Erlangen University and Wolfgang Christel, IPAT-Uni-Erlangen, Germany, who operated the SEM. Thanks to three anonymous referees who helped to improve the manuscript; special thanks to Tom Hourigan (NOAA) for his continued support of deep-sea research in the North Pacific Ocean and for making funds for this project available through the NOAA Deep Sea Coral Research and Technology Program. H. L. was funded by a contract from NOAA/NMFS. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0025-3154 EI 1469-7769 J9 J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK JI J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 91 IS 2 SI SI BP 321 EP 328 DI 10.1017/S0025315410001025 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 729HX UT WOS:000287940400004 ER PT J AU Bieler, TR Barabash, R Banovic, SW AF Bieler, Thomas R. Barabash, Rozaliya Banovic, Stephen W. TI Foreword: Structural Transitions and Local Deformation Processes at and Near Grain Boundaries SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Bieler, Thomas R.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Barabash, Rozaliya] Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Banovic, Stephen W.] NIST, Gaithersburg Safety Hlth & Environm Div, Off Safety Hlth & Environm, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bieler, TR (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 42A IS 3 BP 553 EP 553 DI 10.1007/s11661-010-0571-1 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 714UO UT WOS:000286834700004 ER PT J AU Kamazawa, K Nozaki, H Harada, M Mukai, K Ikedo, Y Iida, K Sato, TJ Qiu, YM Tyagi, M Sugiyama, J AF Kamazawa, Kazuya Nozaki, Hiroshi Harada, Masashi Mukai, Kazuhiko Ikedo, Yutaka Iida, Kazuki Sato, Taku J. Qiu, Yiming Tyagi, Madhusudan Sugiyama, Jun TI Interrelationship between Li+ diffusion, charge, and magnetism in (LiMn2O4)-Li-7 and (Li1.1Mn1.9O4)-Li-7 spinels: Elastic, inelastic, and quasielastic neutron scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CATHODE MATERIAL; LIMN2O4; TRANSITION; ANTIFERROMAGNET; SPECTROMETER; GLASS; NIST AB Using quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS), we have investigated a self-diffusive behavior of Li+ ions for both (LiMn2O4)-Li-7 and (Li1.1Mn1.9O4)-Li-7 spinels. In addition, we have carried out elastic and inelastic neutron scattering measurements using the same samples, to study the interrelationship between Li+ self-diffusion, magnetism, and charge distribution in the lattice. From the QENS results, the self-diffusion of Li+ was observable above 280 K, and a self-diffusion coefficient (D-s(Li)) for (LiMn2O4)-Li-7 was estimated as similar to 10(-8) cm(2)/s at 400 K. D-s(Li) for (Li1.1Mn1.9O4)-Li-7 was comparable to that for (LiMn2O4)-Li-7. Furthermore, combining with the results of elastic and inelastic measurements, it was found that (Li1.1Mn1.9O4)-Li-7 undergoes a transition from a low-temperature (T) short-range charge-ordered (SRCO) phase to a high-T charge-disordered (CDO) phase at 280 K. The structure of the SRCO was determined as a hexagon, because the formation of hexagon spin clusters was deduced from a magnetic diffuse scattering at low T. Assuming the presence of the SRCO-CDO transition at 280 K, both the anomaly of the diffusive behavior at 280 K and the local lattice distortion below 280 K are reasonably explained, despite the absence of long-range CO for (Li1.1Mn1.9O4)-Li-7. C1 [Kamazawa, Kazuya; Nozaki, Hiroshi; Harada, Masashi; Mukai, Kazuhiko; Sugiyama, Jun] Toyota Cent Res & Dev Labs Inc, Aichi 4801192, Japan. [Ikedo, Yutaka] KEK, Inst Mat Struct Sci, Muon Sci Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. [Iida, Kazuki; Sato, Taku J.] Univ Tokyo, ISSP, Neutron Sci Lab, Chiba 2778581, Japan. [Qiu, Yiming; Tyagi, Madhusudan] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Qiu, Yiming; Tyagi, Madhusudan] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kamazawa, K (reprint author), IQBRC, CROSS, Tokai Project Off, 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191106, Japan. EM k_kamazawa@cross.or.jp RI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/M-4693-2014; Sato, Taku/I-7664-2015; Sugiyama, Jun/M-6535-2015 OI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/0000-0002-4364-7176; Sato, Taku/0000-0003-2511-4998; Sugiyama, Jun/0000-0002-0916-5333 FU MEXT, Japan [19340107]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX We thank T. Ohzuku, K. Ariyoshi, and H. Wakabayashi at Osaka City University for synthesizing the samples. This work is partially supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Research (B) under Grant No. 19340107 of MEXT, Japan. Work at NCNR is supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 1 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 9 AR 094401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.094401 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 727ZC UT WOS:000287840900001 ER PT J AU Porotto, M Yi, F Moscona, A LaVan, DA AF Porotto, Matteo Yi, Feng Moscona, Anne LaVan, David A. TI Synthetic Protocells Interact with Viral Nanomachinery and Inactivate Pathogenic Human Virus SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SUPPORTED LIPID-BILAYERS; NIPAH VIRUS; PARAMYXOVIRUS; DELIVERY; FUSION; ENCEPHALITIS; INHIBITION; BANGLADESH; INFECTION; RECEPTOR AB We present a new antiviral strategy and research tool that could be applied to a wide range of enveloped viruses that infect human beings via membrane fusion. We test this strategy on two emerging zoonotic henipaviruses that cause fatal encephalitis in humans, Nipah (NiV) and Hendra (HeV) viruses. In the new approach, artificial cell-like particles (protocells) presenting membrane receptors in a biomimetic manner were developed and found to attract and inactivate henipavirus envelope glycoprotein pseudovirus particles, preventing infection. The protocells do not accumulate virus during the inactivation process. The use of protocells that interact with, but do not accumulate, viruses may provide significant advantages over current antiviral drugs, and this general approach may have wide potential for antiviral development. C1 [Porotto, Matteo; Moscona, Anne] Cornell Univ, Dept Pediat, Weill Med Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Porotto, Matteo; Moscona, Anne] Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Weill Med Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Yi, Feng; LaVan, David A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Porotto, M (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Pediat, Weill Med Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM anm2047@med.cornell.edu; david.lavan@nist.gov RI LaVan, David/C-3943-2012 OI LaVan, David/0000-0002-1952-0028 FU National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) [AI076335]; National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering [EB011707]; NIH (NIAID) Northeast Center of Excellence for Biodefense; National Center for Design of Biomimetic Nanoconductors; National Institutes of Health through the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research [PHS 2 PN2 EY016570B]; PI of Center of Excellence [U54AI057158]; March of Dimes Research Grant [06-322]; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation FX This work was supported by Public Health Service grants AI076335 from National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) to AM, EB011707 from the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering to MP, NIH (NIAID) Northeast Center of Excellence for Biodefense, subcontracts to AM and to DL from the National Center for Design of Biomimetic Nanoconductors, funded by Grant Number PHS 2 PN2 EY016570B from the National Institutes of Health through the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research (PI: E. Jakobsson), Emerging Infectious Disease Research U54AI057158 grants to AM and MP (PI of Center of Excellence grant: W.I. Lipkin), by March of Dimes Research Grant 06-322 to AM, and by a Grand Challenges Exploration grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation to AM. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 12 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 1 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 3 AR e16874 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0016874 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 729ET UT WOS:000287932100005 PM 21390296 ER PT J AU France, K Yang, H Linsky, JL AF France, Kevin Yang, Hao Linsky, Jeffrey L. TI THE FAR-ULTRAVIOLET "CONTINUUM" IN PROTOPLANETARY DISK SYSTEMS. I. ELECTRON-IMPACT H-2 AND ACCRETION SHOCKS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; protoplanetary disks; stars: individual (DF Tau, V4046 Sgr); stars: pre-main sequence ID T-TAURI-STARS; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; INTERSTELLAR MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; INFRARED SPECTROGRAPH SPECTRA; PLANET-FORMING REGION; TWIN YOUNG SUNS; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; CROSS-SECTIONS AB We present deep spectroscopic observations of the classical T Tauri stars DF Tau and V4046 Sgr in order to better characterize two important sources of far-ultraviolet continuum emission in protoplanetary disks. These new Hubble Space Telescope-Cosmic Origins Spectrograph observations reveal a combination of line and continuum emission from collisionally excited H-2 and emission from accretion shocks. H-2 is the dominant emission in the 1400 angstrom less than or similar to lambda less than or similar to 1650 angstrom band spectrum of V4046 Sgr, while an accretion continuum contributes strongly across the far-ultraviolet spectrum of DF Tau. We compare the spectrum of V4046 Sgr to models of electron-impact-induced H-2 emission to constrain the physical properties of the emitting region, after making corrections for attenuation within the disk. We find reasonable agreement with the broad spectral characteristics of the H-2 model, implying N(H-2) similar to 10(18) cm(-2), T(H-2) = 3000(-500)(+1000) K, and a characteristic electron energy in the range of similar to 50-100 eV. We propose that self-absorption and hydrocarbons provide the dominant attenuation for H-2 line photons originating within the disk. For both DF Tau and V4046 Sgr, we find that a linear fit to the far-UV data can reproduce near-UV/optical accretion spectra. We discuss outstanding issues concerning how these processes operate in protostellar/protoplanetary disks, including the effective temperature and absolute strength of the radiation field in low-mass protoplanetary environments. We find that the 912-2000 angstrom continuum in low-mass systems has an effective temperature of similar to 10(4) K with fluxes 10(5)-10(7) times the interstellar level at 1 AU. C1 [France, Kevin] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Yang, Hao; Linsky, Jeffrey L.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP France, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, 389 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM kevin.france@colorado.edu RI Yang, Hao/F-8396-2014 OI Yang, Hao/0000-0002-9423-2333 FU NASA [NNX08AC146, NAS5-98043, NAS 5-26555] FX We appreciate helpful discussions with Greg Herczeg, Alex Brown, Laura Ingleby, and Nuria Calvet. K.F. thanks Brian Wolven for continued guidance with the spectral synthesis code and Jacques Gustin for making his hydrocarbon cross-section database available to us. We thank Fred Walter for providing archival optical spectra of V4046 Sgr. This work has made use of Tom Ayres' StarCAT database, hosted at MAST. This work was support by NASA grants NNX08AC146 and NAS5-98043 to the University of Colorado at Boulder.; Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained from the data archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute. STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. NR 99 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2011 VL 729 IS 1 AR 7 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/729/1/7 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 720BN UT WOS:000287255300007 ER PT J AU Escudero, M Stein, AF Draxler, RR Querol, X Alastuey, A Castillo, S Avila, A AF Escudero, M. Stein, A. F. Draxler, R. R. Querol, X. Alastuey, A. Castillo, S. Avila, A. TI Source apportionment for African dust outbreaks over the Western Mediterranean using the HYSPLIT model SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Air quality; Particulate matter; Modeling; Crustal aerosols ID TROPICAL NORTH-ATLANTIC; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; FIRED POWER-STATION; SAHARAN DUST; MINERAL DUST; PRECIPITATION CHEMISTRY; CANARY-ISLANDS; NORTHEASTERN SPAIN; ATMOSPHERIC DUST; SOURCE-REGIONS AB A source apportionment technique has been applied to determine the geographical distribution of emissions in Northern Africa contributing to dust outbreaks that yield high PM10 levels at Spanish regional background stations. Seven dust episodes have been analyzed in this study. Total suspended particles have been sampled and chemically analyzed for these events at La Castanya background station (Montseny, NE Spain) and differences in the composition of airborne dust have been studied. The dominant role of northern and western source areas (Tunisia, Algeria, Mauritania and the Western Sahara) contrasted with the negligible contribution of major emission source areas such as the Bodele depression, Libya. Niger, and Sudan. During the simulated events using the dust module of the HYSPLIT model, material from the latter regions is persistently transported across the Atlantic but not towards Western Europe. As a consequence, the composition of the dust turned out to be quite homogeneous since the mixing of dust occurs from various source areas with similar chemical composition. However, differences in Ca/Al ratios have been found in a number of samples that are mainly explained by vertical transport segregation of clay minerals (relatively richer in Al) from coarser dust particles (Ca-carbonate). (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Stein, A. F.; Draxler, R. R.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Escudero, M.] Univ Saragossa, Politechn Sch Huesca, Dept Appl Phys, Huesca 22071, Spain. [Querol, X.; Alastuey, A.; Castillo, S.] CSIC, Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res, IDAEA, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. [Avila, A.] Autonomous Univ Barcelona, Ctr Ecol Res & Forestry Applicat CREAF, Bellaterra 08913, Barcelona, Spain. RP Stein, AF (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, 1315 E W Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM ariel.stein@noaa.gov RI Stein, Ariel/G-1330-2012; Alastuey, Andres/E-1706-2014; Querol, Xavier/E-2800-2014; Stein, Ariel F/L-9724-2014; OI Alastuey, Andres/0000-0002-5453-5495; Querol, Xavier/0000-0002-6549-9899; Stein, Ariel F/0000-0002-9560-9198; Avila, Anna/0000-0002-4137-0839; Escudero Tellechea, Miguel/0000-0001-8227-5689 FU Spanish Ministries of Science of Technology [REN2001-0659]; Spanish Ministries of Science of Education and Science [CGL2004-05984_C07-02/CLI] FX This study was financed by the Spanish Ministries of Science of Technology, project REN2001-0659 and of Education and Science, project CGL2004-05984_C07-02/CLI. The authors would like express their gratitude to the Atmospheric Modeling & Weather Forecasting Group in the University of Athens for the SKIRON model outputs, to the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) and to the Naval Research Laboratory and the SeaWIFS Project (NASA) for the provision of the TOMS-AI maps, the NAAPs aerosol maps and the satellite imagery, respectively. Meteorological charts were provided by the NOAA-CIRES Climate Diagnostics Center Boulder Colorado and the NCEP Climate Diagnostics Center. NR 77 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 EI 1873-2895 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 99 IS 3-4 BP 518 EP 527 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2010.12.002 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 724ZQ UT WOS:000287615400014 ER PT J AU Buaba, R Homaifar, A Gebril, M Kihn, E Zhizhin, M AF Buaba, Ruben Homaifar, Abdollah Gebril, Mohamed Kihn, Eric Zhizhin, Mikhail TI Satellite image retrieval using low memory locality sensitive hashing in Euclidean space SO EARTH SCIENCE INFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE Item; Image; Approximate nearest neighbor; Exact nearest neighbor; Texture feature vector and match set AB This paper presents the use of the Low Memory Locality Sensitive Hashing (LMLSH) technique operating in Euclidean space to build a data structure for the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellite imagery database. The LMLSH technique finds satellite image matches in sublinear search time. The texture feature vectors of the images are extracted using pyramid-structured wavelet transform coupled with Gaussian central moment technique. These feature vectors and families of hash functions, drawn randomly and independently from a Gaussian distribution, are used to build hash tables. Given a query, the hash tables are used to pull out the best matches to that query and this is done in a sublinear search time complexity. When tested, our algorithm has proven to be approximately twenty six times faster than the Linear Search (LS) algorithm. In addition, the LMLSH algorithm searches about two percent of the entire database randomly to find the possible matches to any given query without loss of accuracy compared to the absolute best matches returned by its LS counterpart. C1 [Buaba, Ruben; Homaifar, Abdollah; Gebril, Mohamed] Autonomous Control & Informat Technol Ctr, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. [Kihn, Eric] NOAA NGDC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Zhizhin, Mikhail] Russian Acad Sci CGDS, Moscow, Russia. RP Homaifar, A (reprint author), Autonomous Control & Informat Technol Ctr, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. EM rbuaba@ncat.edu; homaifar@ncat.edu; mmgebril@ncat.edu; Eric.A.Kihn@noaa.gov; jjn@wdcb.ru RI ZHIZHIN, Mikhail/B-9795-2014 FU NOAA/National Center for Atmospheric Research Educational [NA060AR4810187] FX We are grateful to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/National Geophysical Data Center in Boulder, Colorado, for providing us with the DMSP satellite imagery database. This work is partially supported by NOAA/National Center for Atmospheric Research Educational Program under Cooperative Agreement No: NA060AR4810187. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1865-0473 EI 1865-0481 J9 EARTH SCI INFORM JI Earth Sci. Inform. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 4 IS 1 BP 17 EP 28 DI 10.1007/s12145-010-0076-x PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 723PJ UT WOS:000287519000003 ER PT J AU Pothoven, SA Hondorp, DW Nalepa, TF AF Pothoven, S. A. Hondorp, D. W. Nalepa, T. F. TI Declines in deepwater sculpin Myoxocephalus thompsonii energy density associated with the disappearance of Diporeia spp. in lakes Huron and Michigan SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE glacial relict; deepwater sculpin; Diporeia; Mysis; Great Lakes ID WHITEFISH COREGONUS-CLUPEAFORMIS; NEARCTIC GLACIAL RELICT; LONG-TERM TRENDS; DREISSENID MUSSELS; AMPHIPOD DIPOREIA; ONTARIO; FISH; COMMUNITY; DIET; POPULATIONS AB The deepwater sculpin Myoxocephalus thompsonii is a glacial relict in the Laurentian Great Lakes that primarily consumes two glacial relict crustaceans, Mysis relicta and Diporeia spp. Deepwater sculpin were collected in Lake Michigan off Little Sable Point (in 2001) and Muskegon, Michigan (in 2001 and 2009), and in Lake Huron off Harbor Beach, Michigan (in 2007) for energy density and diet analyses. These sites and years represented differences in available prey. In Lake Michigan, energy densities of deepwater sculpin in 2001 were similar to those reported in 1969-1971. In contrast, energy content declined at least 26% at Muskegon between 2001 and 2009. Overall, energy density was 31-34% higher at a site with abundant Diporeia spp. compared with two sites without Diporeia spp. Deepwater sculpin diets consisted primarily of M. relicta at all sites, but included 10-17% (dry mass) Diporeia spp. at sites where this crustacean was still abundant. Food biomass in stomachs was higher at sites with abundant Diporeia spp. than at those without Diporeia spp. Deepwater sculpin energy density and food biomass in stomachs were similar between two sites without Diporeia spp. despite differences in abundance of remaining prey, M. relicta. Declines in deepwater sculpin energy density suggest the potential for further effects on other species and changes in the flow of energy through the food web of the Great Lakes. C1 [Pothoven, S. A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. [Hondorp, D. W.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Nalepa, T. F.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Pothoven, SA (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 1431 Beach St, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. EM steve.pothoven@noaa.gov OI Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422 NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0906-6691 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD MAR PY 2011 VL 20 IS 1 BP 14 EP 22 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2010.00447.x PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 720VX UT WOS:000287311900003 ER PT J AU Hartwell, SI Hameedi, MJ Pait, AS AF Hartwell, S. Ian Hameedi, M. J. Pait, A. S. TI Empirical assessment of incorporating sediment quality triad data into a single index to distinguish dominant stressors between sites SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Long-term Ecosystem Research - Understanding the Present to Shape the Future CY SEP 07-11, 2009 CL Zurich, SWITZERLAND DE Sediment contamination; Analysis methods; Chesapeake Bay; Sediment quality triad ID ESTUARINE BENTHIC INDEX; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; CHESAPEAKE BAY; TOXICITY; GUIDELINES; CONTAMINATION; COMMUNITIES; CRITERIA; MARINE AB Benthic infaunal community structure, sediment contamination, and sediment toxicity data (Sediment Quality Triad) were condensed into a single index based on the area of tri-axial plots, which were examined in relation to various habitat parameters. The purpose was to assess its utility for evaluating the relative impact of contaminants versus other stressors on benthic communities. The regression relationship between the areal index and the Effects Range-Median quotient (ERMq) was used to separate contaminant-impacted sites from sites impacted by hypoxia in Chesapeake Bay. Regression using the areal index and bottom oxygen confirm the utility of the approach. Data from Delaware, Galveston, and Biscayne Bays were also examined to determine if the approach may be effective in other estuaries. C1 [Hartwell, S. Ian; Hameedi, M. J.; Pait, A. S.] NOAA NOS NCCOS, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Hartwell, SI (reprint author), NOAA NOS NCCOS, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, 1305 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM ian.hartwell@noaa.gov NR 45 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 174 IS 1-4 BP 605 EP 623 DI 10.1007/s10661-010-1482-8 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 714SV UT WOS:000286830200046 PM 20490916 ER PT J AU Luckenbach, JA Dickey, JT Swanson, P AF Luckenbach, J. Adam Dickey, Jon T. Swanson, Penny TI Follicle-stimulating hormone regulation of ovarian transcripts for steroidogenesis-related proteins and cell survival, growth and differentiation factors in vitro during early secondary oocyte growth in coho salmon SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Follicle-stimulating hormone; Gonadotropin; Ovary; Steroidogenesis; Growth factor; Puberty onset ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SIDE-CHAIN CLEAVAGE; MATURATIONAL COMPETENCE ACQUISITION; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; RAT GRANULOSA-CELLS; ACTIVIN BETA-A; RAINBOW-TROUT; APOLIPOPROTEIN-E; GENE-EXPRESSION; JAPANESE EEL AB Little is known about follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) function during oocyte growth in fishes. The goal of this study was to gain a fundamental understanding of FSH action on ovarian follicles during early secondary oocyte growth by examining changes in ovarian gene expression and steroidogenesis in response to FSH. Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) mid to late cortical alveolus stage follicles were incubated with or without salmon FSH in time-course and concentration-response experiments. Steroid levels were determined in the culture medium by immunoassay and levels of target ovarian mRNAs were determined by quantitative RT-PCR. Medium estradio1-17 beta (E2) levels increased in response to FSH and plateaued by 36 h, while testosterone levels increased similarly but were lower and more variable than E2. Gonadotropin receptor transcripts were differentially regulated, with fshr and Ihcgr being down- and up- regulated, respectively. Transcripts encoding proteins involved in steroidogenesis, such as star and hsd3b were significantly upregulated by FSH, whereas aromatase (cyp19a1a) mRNA was unaffected by FSH and declined over time in culture. A recently identified teleost gene, bmp16, was suppressed by FSH and an anti-apoptotic factor, clusterin 1 (clu1), was upregulated by FSH. Lesser FSH effects were observed on igf2, cyp11a1 and cyp17a1, which were stimulated, and igf1ra, inhbb, amh and apoe, which were suppressed. As evident by the significant increases in steroid production and transcripts for specific steroidogenesis-related proteins, FSH influences steroidogenesis during early secondary growth and may be a critical signal for puberty onset. Effects of FSH on ovarian anti-apoptotic and growth factor genes suggest roles for FSH in cell survival, growth and differentiation in teleosts. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Luckenbach, J. Adam; Dickey, Jon T.; Swanson, Penny] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Dickey, Jon T.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Swanson, Penny] Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 98164 USA. RP Luckenbach, JA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM adam.luckenbach@noaa.gov FU USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2007-35203-18082] FX Sincere thanks to Tristan J. Stringer and David C. Metzger for lab assistance and Paul Parkins for fish care. This project was supported in part by National Research Initiative Competitive Grant No. 2007-35203-18082 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. NR 78 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 45 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD MAR 1 PY 2011 VL 171 IS 1 BP 52 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.12.016 PG 12 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 727AN UT WOS:000287769800007 PM 21187099 ER PT J AU McMurtry, GM Campbell, JF Fryer, GJ Fietzke, J AF McMurtry, Gary M. Campbell, J. Frisbee Fryer, Gerard J. Fietzke, Jan TI Uplift of Oahu, Hawaii, during the past 500 k.y. as recorded by elevated reef deposits: REPLY SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL; ISLANDS C1 [McMurtry, Gary M.; Campbell, J. Frisbee] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Fryer, Gerard J.] Pacific Tsunami Warning Ctr, Ewa Beach, HI 96706 USA. [Fietzke, Jan] IFM GEOMAR Dienstgebaude Ostufer, Biogeochem Leibniz Inst Meereswissensch, D-24148 Kiel, Germany. RP McMurtry, GM (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. OI Fietzke, Jan/0000-0002-5530-7208 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAR PY 2011 VL 39 IS 3 BP E236 EP E237 DI 10.1130/G32067Y.1 PG 2 WC Geology SC Geology GA 721SI UT WOS:000287374900002 ER PT J AU Groger, JP Fogarty, MJ AF Groeger, Joachim P. Fogarty, Michael J. TI Broad-scale climate influences on cod (Gadus morhua) recruitment on Georges Bank SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE AMO; ARIMAX; climate cycles; cross-correlations; Georges Bank cod; NAO; recruitment; time-series analysis; transfer function ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; FISHERY; TEMPERATURE; SEA; FLUCTUATIONS; VARIABILITY; MECHANISMS; ANOMALIES; IMPACTS AB Climatic influences on Georges Bank cod recruitment were investigated using the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) as an index of atmospheric variability and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) as an index of sea surface temperature. A quantitative approach based on a simple Cushing-type stock-recruitment model was developed and extended to include climate influences using the technique of generalized transfer functions (ARIMAX modelling). This allowed the autoregressive nature of the interacting exogenous and endogenous processes to be taken into account. Based on two information criteria, the resulting best transfer function contains winter NAO with a lag of 3 years, annual AMO with a lag of 1 year (both as exogenous climate factors), log(e)(spawning-stock biomass) as a structural model component, plus two autoregressive parameters. The model is characterized by the smallest information criteria, 92% of explained recruitment variation (vs. 55% from the simple Cushing-type model), excellent forecasting behaviour, and all model assumptions being fulfilled. It is proposed that the model's recruitment hindcasts (ex post forecasts) and forecasts be incorporated into stock and risk assessments as well as management strategy evaluations, either as a climate-induced recruitment index for projections or as real forecasts to establish sustainable cod fisheries on Georges Bank conditioned by climate as a forcing factor. C1 [Groeger, Joachim P.] Inst Sea Fisheries, Fed Res Inst Rural Areas Forestry & Fisheries, D-22767 Hamburg, Germany. [Groeger, Joachim P.] Univ Rostock, Inst Biosci, D-18055 Rostock, Germany. [Fogarty, Michael J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA. RP Groger, JP (reprint author), Inst Sea Fisheries, Fed Res Inst Rural Areas Forestry & Fisheries, D-22767 Hamburg, Germany. EM joachim.groeger@t-online.de NR 54 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 68 IS 3 BP 592 EP 602 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsq196 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 723FR UT WOS:000287492400019 ER PT J AU Chassot, E Bonhommeau, S Reygondeau, G Nieto, K Polovina, JJ Huret, M Dulvy, NK Demarcq, H AF Chassot, Emmanuel Bonhommeau, Sylvain Reygondeau, Gabriel Nieto, Karen Polovina, Jeffrey J. Huret, Martin Dulvy, Nicholas K. Demarcq, Herve TI Satellite remote sensing for an ecosystem approach to fisheries management SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ecosystem approach; fisheries; mesoscale; satellite; tracking ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEMS; MARINE PRIMARY PRODUCTION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TURTLES CARETTA-CARETTA; TUNA THUNNUS-ALBACARES; NORTH PACIFIC; EDGE-DETECTION; OCEAN COLOR; GLOBAL OCEAN; OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS AB Satellite remote sensing (SRS) of the marine environment has become instrumental in ecology for environmental monitoring and impact assessment, and it is a promising tool for conservation issues. In the context of an ecosystem approach to fisheries management (EAFM), global, daily, systematic, high-resolution images obtained from satellites provide a good data source for incorporating habitat considerations into marine fish population dynamics. An overview of the most common SRS datasets available to fishery scientists and state-of-the-art data-processing methods is presented, focusing on recently developed techniques for detecting mesoscale features such as eddies, fronts, filaments, and river plumes of major importance in productivity enhancement and associated fish aggregation. A comprehensive review of remotely sensed data applications in fisheries over the past three decades for investigating the relationships between oceanographic conditions and marine resources is provided, emphasizing how synoptic and information-rich SRS data have become instrumental in ecological analyses at community and ecosystem scales. Finally, SRS data, in conjunction with automated in situ data-acquisition systems, can provide the scientific community with a major source of information for ecosystem modelling, a key tool for implementing an EAFM. C1 [Chassot, Emmanuel; Bonhommeau, Sylvain; Reygondeau, Gabriel; Nieto, Karen; Demarcq, Herve] IRD IFREMER UM2, Ctr Rech Halieut Mediterraneenne & Trop, UMR EME 212, F-34200 Sete, France. [Nieto, Karen] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Polovina, Jeffrey J.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Huret, Martin] IFREMER, Dept Ecol & Modeles Halieut, F-44311 Nantes 03, France. [Dulvy, Nicholas K.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Earth Ocean Res Grp, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Chassot, E (reprint author), IRD IFREMER UM2, Ctr Rech Halieut Mediterraneenne & Trop, UMR EME 212, Ave Jean Monnet,BP 171, F-34200 Sete, France. EM emmanuel.chassot@ird.fr RI Bonhommeau, Sylvain/P-8654-2014; OI Bonhommeau, Sylvain/0000-0002-0882-5918; Demarcq, Herve/0000-0003-1995-1183; Huret, Martin/0000-0003-0023-378X; Dulvy, Nicholas/0000-0002-4295-9725 NR 139 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 57 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 68 IS 4 BP 651 EP 666 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsq195 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 723GS UT WOS:000287495200004 ER PT J AU Sherman, K O'Reilly, J Belkin, IM Melrose, C Friedland, KD AF Sherman, Kenneth O'Reilly, John Belkin, Igor M. Melrose, Christopher Friedland, Kevin D. TI The application of satellite remote sensing for assessing productivity in relation to fisheries yields of the world's large marine ecosystems SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE large marine ecosystems; primary productivity; satellite remote sensing ID SST IMAGES; PLANKTON ECOSYSTEMS; GLOBAL FISHERIES; BIOMASS YIELDS; EDGE-DETECTION; ATLANTIC; CLIMATE; TRENDS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PHYTOPLANKTON AB In 1992, world leaders at the historical UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) recognized that the exploitation of resources in coastal oceans was becoming increasingly unsustainable, resulting in an international effort to assess, recover, and manage goods and services of large marine ecosystems (LMEs). More than $3 billion in support to 110 economically developing nations have been dedicated to operationalizing a five-module approach supporting LME assessment and management practices. An important component of this effort focuses on the effects of climate change on fisheries biomass yields of LMEs, using satellite remote sensing and in situ sampling of key indicators of changing ecological conditions. Warming appears to be reducing primary productivity in the lower latitudes, where stratification of the water column has intensified. Fishery biomass yields in the Subpolar LMEs of the Northeast Atlantic are also increasing as zooplankton levels increase with warming. During the current period of climate warming, it is especially important for space agency programmes in Asia, Europe, and the United States to continue to provide satellite-borne radiometry data to the global networks of LME assessment scientists. C1 [Sherman, Kenneth; O'Reilly, John; Friedland, Kevin D.] NOAA, US Dept Commerce, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Belkin, Igor M.; Melrose, Christopher] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Sherman, K (reprint author), NOAA, US Dept Commerce, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett Lab, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM ksherman@mola.na.nmfs.gov NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 26 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 68 IS 4 BP 667 EP 676 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsq177 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 723GS UT WOS:000287495200005 ER PT J AU Wilson, C AF Wilson, Cara TI The rocky road from research to operations for satellite ocean-colour data in fishery management SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chlorophyll; fisheries; research to operations; satellite ocean colour ID ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT; CHLOROPHYLL-A CONCENTRATION; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; POTENTIAL FISHING ZONE; KARENIA-BREVIS BLOOMS; COUPLED CLIMATE MODEL; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; CASE 2 WATERS; GLOBAL OCEAN AB The aim of the SAFARI project is to accelerate the assimilation of earth-observation data into fisheries research and management by facilitating the application of rapidly evolving satellite technology. This assumes that these data will be available in future. However, for ocean-colour data, that assumption may not hold because of possible gaps in data continuity. Of the many types of satellite data, ocean colour is the most important to fisheries, because it is the only biological measurement. However, current ocean-colour sensors are all operating beyond their planned design life, and there are potential problems with future launches. Although the research community is aware of the value of satellite ocean-colour data, advocacy from the operational community, fishery management in particular, has been lacking. In the United States, the absence of an easily identifiable operational need for ocean-colour data is largely responsible for the likely gap in data continuity. A range of current and potential operational uses of ocean-colour data, some reasons why these data have been underutilized in fishery management, and what can be done to mitigate them are discussed and outlined. C1 NOAA SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Wilson, C (reprint author), NOAA SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, 1352 Lighthouse Ave, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM cara.wilson@noaa.gov RI Wilson, Cara/A-8816-2009; OI Wilson, Cara/0000-0001-9318-2322 NR 132 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 68 IS 4 BP 677 EP 686 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsq168 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 723GS UT WOS:000287495200006 ER PT J AU Kobayashi, DR Cheng, IJ Parker, DM Polovina, JJ Kamezaki, N Balazs, GH AF Kobayashi, Donald R. Cheng, I-Jiunn Parker, Denise M. Polovina, Jeffrey J. Kamezaki, Naoki Balazs, George H. TI Loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) movement off the coast of Taiwan: characterization of a hotspot in the East China Sea and investigation of mesoscale eddies SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Caretta caretta; East China Sea; habitat; loggerhead turtle; mesoscale eddies; movement; pelagic behaviour; satellite tags ID NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; POINT HYPOTHESIS; HABITAT USE; HOT-SPOTS; MIGRATION; BEHAVIOR; CIRCULATION; TRANSPORT; FISHERIES; PATTERNS AB Satellite tags were attached to 34 non-reproductive loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) caught as bycatch in the Taiwanese coastal poundnet fishery from 2002 to 2008. Transmission durations ranged from 6 to 503 d (median 172 d), with 5860 d tracked in total. Horizontal track data were processed using the Bayesian state-space modelling to extract the most likely daily positions, taking into account ARGOS data quality and other forms of statistical error. A region of high occupancy in the East China Sea, covering 433 549 km(2) of coastal and pelagic area next to Taiwan, China, Japan, and South Korea, was characterized from the tracking data. Various attributes of this hotspot are described using satellite tracks and remotely sensed data. The tracks were merged with oceanographic data, emphasizing a new global dataset characterizing mesoscale eddies from satellite altimetry data. A proximity-probability approach coupled with odds ratio testing was used to infer orientation to eddy features. Comparisons against random points, simulated particle tracks, and drifter buoys were used to demonstrate turtle differential responses to eddies inside and outside the hotspot, depending on eddy features (i.e. cyclonic vs. anticyclonic, edges vs. centres). Turtles inside the hotspot utilize fewer strong cyclonic eddy edges than those outside. C1 [Kobayashi, Donald R.; Polovina, Jeffrey J.; Balazs, George H.] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Cheng, I-Jiunn] Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Inst Marine Biol, Chilung, Taiwan. [Parker, Denise M.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Kamezaki, Naoki] Sea Turtle Assoc Japan, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan. RP Kobayashi, DR (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. EM donald.kobayashi@noaa.gov NR 56 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 68 IS 4 BP 707 EP 718 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsq185 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 723GS UT WOS:000287495200009 ER PT J AU Nickovic, S Djurdjevic, V Vujadinovic, M Janjic, ZI Curcic, M Rajkovic, B AF Nickovic, Slobodan Djurdjevic, Vladimir Vujadinovic, Mirjam Janjic, Zavisa I. Curcic, Milan Rajkovic, Borivoj TI Method for efficient prevention of gravity wave decoupling on rectangular semi-staggered grids SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Gravity wave; Rectangular grid; Divergence correction ID GEOSTROPHIC ADJUSTMENT; DIFFERENCE SCHEMES; HEXAGONAL GRIDS AB Generation of short gravity wave noise often occurs on semi-staggered rectangular grids as a result of sub-grid decoupling when there is a strong forcing in the mass field. In this study a numerical scheme has been proposed to prevent the generation of the gravity wave decoupling. The proposed numerical method provides efficient communication between decoupled gravity wave finite-difference solutions by a simple averaging of a term in the height tendency in the continuity equation. The proposed method is tested using a shallow water sink model developed for the purpose of this study. It has been demonstrated that this method outperforms other existing approaches. The new scheme is time efficient, based on explicit time integration and can be easily implemented. The proposed method is applicable in hydrodynamic models specified on semi-staggered B or E grids. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Djurdjevic, Vladimir; Vujadinovic, Mirjam; Rajkovic, Borivoj] Univ Belgrade, Fac Phys, Inst Meteorol, Belgrade 11000, Serbia. [Nickovic, Slobodan] World Meteorol Org, CH-2000 Geneva, Switzerland. [Djurdjevic, Vladimir; Vujadinovic, Mirjam] SE European Virtual Climate Change Ctr, Belgrade 11000, Serbia. [Vujadinovic, Mirjam] Univ Belgrade, Fac Agr, Belgrade 11080, Serbia. [Janjic, Zavisa I.] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Curcic, Milan] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Djurdjevic, V (reprint author), Univ Belgrade, Fac Phys, Inst Meteorol, Dobracina 16, Belgrade 11000, Serbia. EM vdj@ff.bg.ac.rs OI Curcic, Milan/0000-0002-8822-7749 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2011 VL 230 IS 5 BP 1865 EP 1875 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2010.11.037 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 717OS UT WOS:000287057900007 ER PT J AU Diallo, SO Azuah, RT Glyde, HR AF Diallo, S. O. Azuah, R. T. Glyde, H. R. TI The Quest for Bose-Einstein Condensation in Solid He-4 SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE BEC of excitations; Supersolids; Glasses and defects ID MOMENTUM DISTRIBUTION; SUPERSOLID HELIUM; SHEAR MODULUS; STATE AB Ever since the seminal torsional oscillator (TO) measurements of Kim and Chan which suggested the existence of a phase transition in solid He-4, from normal to a 'supersolid' state below a critical temperature T (c) = 200 mK, there has been an unprecedented amount of excitement and research activity aimed at better understanding this phase. Despite much work, this remarkable phase has yet to be independently confirmed by conventional scattering techniques, such as neutron scattering. We have carried out a series of neutron scattering measurements, which we here review, aimed at observing Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in solid He-4 at temperatures below T (c) . In bulk liquid He-4, the appearance of BEC below T (lambda) signals the onset of superfluidity. The observation of a condensate fraction in the solid would provide an unambiguous confirmation for 'supersolidity'. Although, our measurements have not yet revealed a non-zero condensate fraction or algebraic off diagonal long-range order n (0) in solid He-4 down to 65 mK, i.e. n (0)=(0 +/- 0.3)%, our search for BEC and its corollaries continues with improved instrumentation. C1 [Diallo, S. O.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Azuah, R. T.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Azuah, R. T.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Glyde, H. R.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Diallo, SO (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM omardiallos@ornl.gov RI Diallo, Souleymane/B-3111-2016 OI Diallo, Souleymane/0000-0002-3369-8391 FU US DOE [DE-FG02-03ER46038] FX We thank O. Kirichek and J.W. Taylor for a very fruitful collaboration on the topic. Excellent technical support from the ISIS staff is gratefully acknowledged. This work was supported in part by the US DOE under grant DE-FG02-03ER46038. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 162 IS 5-6 BP 449 EP 454 DI 10.1007/s10909-010-0258-4 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 714UF UT WOS:000286833800010 ER PT J AU VanderHart, DL Douglas, JF Hudson, SD Antonucci, JM Wilder, EA AF VanderHart, David L. Douglas, Jack F. Hudson, Steven D. Antonucci, Joseph M. Wilder, Elizabeth A. TI NMR Characterization of the Formation Kinetics and Structure of Di-O-Benzylidene Sorbitol Gels Self-Assembled in Organic Solvents SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; MULTIPLE-PULSE NMR; C-13 NMR; SOLIDS; RESOLUTION; 1,3/2,4-DI-O-BENZYLIDENE-D-SORBITOL; FIBRILLATION; CRYSTALLINE; RELAXATION; STABILITY AB The molecule 1,3:2,4-di-O-benzylidene sorbitol (DBS) is a common "gelator" that forms thermally reversible gels in diverse organic solvents. Solid-state (13)C and (1)H NMR techniques, along with electron microscopy, are utilized in an exploratory study of DBS in the gelled state where we consider both in situ and dried gels. The gels were formed in either acetone or benzene, with the former being a better solvent for DBS. We find the in situ or dried DBS gels to be composed of rigid twisted nanofibrils (similar to 15 to 21 nm in diameter). The fibrils show local molecular ordering, but not crystalline order, and they contain no trapped solvent. The molecular mobility at the fibril surface is modestly enhanced, and all the free hydroxyl groups of the sorbitol moiety are involved in strong hydrogen bonding. We also attempted to find a truly crystalline form of DBS whose structure, as judged by the similarity of (13)C spectra, is close to that of the fibrils. We partially succeeded in this quest, employing melt crystallization followed by slow cooling. However, this sample was a mixed crystal having small domains, where only one type of domain was structurally similar to the fibrils. We also investigated the long-time evolution of the in situ DBS gel network. Specifically, high-resolution NMR kinetic studies were performed over periods of days where the residual concentration of DBS in acetone solution was monitored during and after gel formation. The DBS concentration on these long timescales evolved slowly, and we introduce a simple mathematical model and equation to describe this phenomenon. C1 [VanderHart, David L.; Douglas, Jack F.; Hudson, Steven D.; Antonucci, Joseph M.; Wilder, Elizabeth A.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP VanderHart, DL (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.vanderhart@nist.gov; jack.douglas@nist.gov NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAR 1 PY 2011 VL 27 IS 5 BP 1745 EP 1757 DI 10.1021/la101262b PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 725DF UT WOS:000287624700029 PM 21247189 ER PT J AU Kuhn, CE AF Kuhn, Carey E. TI The influence of subsurface thermal structure on the diving behavior of northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) during the breeding season SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE WALLEYE POLLOCK; EASTERN BERING-SEA; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA PALLAS; SOUTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS; THICK-BILLED MURRES; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; MIROUNGA-ANGUSTIROSTRIS; UPWELLING SYSTEM AB In the heterogeneous marine environment, predators can increase foraging success by targeting physical oceanographic features, which often aggregate prey. For northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus), two prevalent oceanographic features characterize foraging areas during summer in the Bering Sea: a stable thermocline and a subsurface "cold pool". The objective of this study was to examine the influence of these features on foraging behavior by equipping fur seals from St. Paul Island (Alaska, USA) with time-depth recorders that also measured water temperature. Foraging bout variables (e.g., mean dive depth and percent time diving in a bout) were compared with respect to subsurface thermal characteristics (thermocline presence and strength and cold pool presence). Over 74% of bouts occurred in association with strong thermoclines (temperature change > 5A degrees C). Few differences were found for dive behavior in relation to the presence of a thermocline and the cold pool, but for epipelagic bouts, a strong thermocline resulted in increased bottom times, number of dive wiggles, and percent time diving when compared to moderate thermoclines. There was also a positive relationship between mean dive depth and thermocline depth. The combination of increasing foraging effort in areas with strong thermoclines and diving to depths closely related to the thermocline indicates this feature is important foraging habitat for northern fur seals and may act to concentrate prey and increase foraging success. By recognizing the environmental features northern fur seals use to find prey, managers will be better equipped to identify and protect foraging habitat that is important to northern fur seals, and possibly other marine predators in the Bering Sea. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Kuhn, CE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Carey.Kuhn@noaa.gov FU Alaska Fisheries Science Center's National Marine Mammal Laboratory FX This research was conducted under Marine Mammal Protection Act permit number 782-1708-04. J. Baker, K. Call, C. Dorr, B. Fadely, T. Gelatt, E. Kunisch, R. Ream, K. Sweeney, J. Thomason, R. Towell, and T. Zeppelin provided assistance with field research and logistical support. M. Lander, H. E. M. Liwanag, and J. Sterling offered helpful comments on previous drafts. This research was performed while C. E. K. held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Alaska Fisheries Science Center's National Marine Mammal Laboratory. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 72 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 158 IS 3 BP 649 EP 663 DI 10.1007/s00227-010-1589-z PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 723RS UT WOS:000287525100016 ER PT J AU Abadia-Cardoso, A Clemento, AJ Garza, JC AF Abadia-Cardoso, Alicia Clemento, Anthony J. Garza, John Carlos TI Discovery and characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in steelhead/rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Oncorhynchus mykiss; rainbow trout; single-nucleotide polymorphism; steelhead ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; RAINBOW-TROUT; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; HUMAN GENOME; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALES; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; COASTAL STEELHEAD; ATLANTIC SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; CONSERVATION AB Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have several advantages over other genetic markers, including lower mutation and genotyping error rates, ease of inter-laboratory standardization, and the prospect of high-throughput, low-cost genotyping. Nevertheless, their development and use has only recently moved beyond model organisms to groups such as salmonid fishes. Oncorhynchus mykiss is a salmonid native to the North Pacific rim that has now been introduced throughout the world for fisheries and aquaculture. The anadromous form of the species is known as steelhead. Native steelhead populations on the west coast of the United States have declined and many now have protected status. The nonanadromous, or resident, form of the species is termed rainbow, redband or golden trout. Additional life history and morphological variation, and interactions between the forms, make the species challenging to study, monitor and evaluate. Here, we describe the discovery, characterization and assay development for 139 SNP loci in steelhead/rainbow trout. We used EST sequences from existing genomic databases to design primers for 480 genes. Sanger-sequencing products from these genes provided 130 KB of consensus sequence in which variation was surveyed for 22 individuals from steelhead, rainbow and redband trout groups. The resulting TaqMan assays were surveyed in five steelhead populations and three rainbow trout stocks, where they had a mean minor allele frequency of 0.15-0.26 and observed heterozygosity of 0.18-0.35. Mean F(ST) was 0.204. The development of SNPs for O. mykiss will help to provide highly informative genetic tools for individual and stock identification, pedigree reconstruction, phylogeography and ecological investigation. C1 [Abadia-Cardoso, Alicia; Clemento, Anthony J.; Garza, John Carlos] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Abadia-Cardoso, Alicia; Clemento, Anthony J.; Garza, John Carlos] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Garza, JC (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM carlos.garza@noaa.gov NR 39 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 11 SU 1 BP 31 EP 49 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02971.x PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 723CZ UT WOS:000287485100004 PM 21429161 ER PT J AU Clemento, AJ Abadia-Cardoso, A Starks, HA Garza, JC AF Clemento, A. J. Abadia-Cardoso, A. Starks, H. A. Garza, J. C. TI Discovery and characterization of single nucleotide polymorphisms in Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Chinook salmon; genetic stock identification; O; tshawytscha; single nucleotide polymorphism ID ATLANTIC SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; COHO SALMON; STEELHEAD; MYKISS; CONSERVATION; GENETICS; MARKERS; RIVER; IDENTIFICATION AB Molecular population genetics of non-model organisms has been dominated by the use of microsatellite loci over the last two decades. The availability of extensive genomic resources for many species is contributing to a transition to the use of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for the study of many natural populations. Here we describe the discovery of a large number of SNPs in Chinook salmon, one of the world's most important fishery species, through large-scale Sanger sequencing of expressed sequence tag (EST) regions. More than 3 Mb of sequence was collected in a survey of variation in almost 132 kb of unique genic regions, from 225 separate ESTs, in a diverse ascertainment panel of 24 salmon. This survey yielded 117 TaqMan (5' nuclease) assays, almost all from separate ESTs, which were validated in population samples from five major stocks of salmon from the three largest basins on the Pacific coast of the contiguous United States: the Sacramento, Klamath and Columbia Rivers. The proportion of these loci that was variable in each of these stocks ranged from 86.3% to 90.6% and the mean minor allele frequency ranged from 0.194 to 0.236. There was substantial differentiation between populations with these markers, with a mean F-ST estimate of 0.107, and values for individual loci ranging from 0 to 0.592. This substantial polymorphism and population-specific differentiation indicates that these markers will be broadly useful, including for both pedigree reconstruction and genetic stock identification applications. C1 [Clemento, A. J.; Abadia-Cardoso, A.; Starks, H. A.; Garza, J. C.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Clemento, A. J.; Abadia-Cardoso, A.; Starks, H. A.; Garza, J. C.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Garza, JC (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM carlos.garza@noaa.gov FU University of California Marine Council's Coastal Environmental Quality Initiative; Sea Grant/Bay-Delta Science Fellows Program FX We are grateful to the entire Molecular Ecology and Genetic Analysis Team at the NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center laboratory in Santa Cruz, CA for their extensive assistance with sampling, sequencing and data management/analysis. We also thank colleagues at the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife and the Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada-Pacific Biological Station for providing DNA samples for use in ascertainment. This research was funded in part by grants from the University of California Marine Council's Coastal Environmental Quality Initiative and the Sea Grant/Bay-Delta Science Fellows Program. NR 43 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 11 SU 1 BP 50 EP 66 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02972.x PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 723CZ UT WOS:000287485100005 PM 21429162 ER PT J AU Waples, RS Waples, RK AF Waples, Robin S. Waples, Ryan K. TI Inbreeding effective population size and parentage analysis without parents SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE contemporary N(e); relationship; reproductive success; sib reconstruction; single-sample estimator ID LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; SIBSHIP RECONSTRUCTION; MULTIPLE PATERNITY; EFFECTIVE NUMBER; RELATEDNESS; INFERENCE; GENOTYPES; VARIANCE AB An important use of genetic parentage analysis is the ability to directly calculate the number of offspring produced by each parent (k(i)) and hence effective population size, N(e). But what if parental genotypes are not available? In theory, given enough markers, it should be possible to reconstruct parental genotypes based entirely on a sample of progeny, and if so the vector of parental k(i) values. However, this would provide information only about parents that actually contributed offspring to the sample. How would ignoring the 'null' parents (those that produced no offspring) affect an estimate of N(e)? The surprising answer is that null parents have no effect at all. We show that: (i) The standard formula for inbreeding N(e) can be rewritten so that it is a function only of sample size and Sigma(K(i)(2)); it is not necessary to know the total number of parents (N). This same relationship does not hold for variance N(e). (ii) This novel formula provides an unbiased estimate of N(e) even if only a subset of progeny is available, provided the parental contributions are accurately determined, in which case precision is also high compared to other single-sample estimators of N(e). (iii) It is not necessary to actually reconstruct parental genotypes; from a matrix of pairwise relationships (as can be estimated by some current software programs), it is possible to construct the vector of k(i) values and estimate N(e). The new method based on parentage analysis without parents (PwoP) can potentially be useful as a single-sample estimator of contemporary N(e), provided that either (i) relationships can be accurately determined, or (ii) Sigma(K(i)(2)) can be estimated directly. C1 [Waples, Robin S.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Waples, Ryan K.] Casa Azul, Seattle, WA 98177 USA. RP Waples, RS (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM robin.waples@noaa.gov RI Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016; OI Waples, Ryan/0000-0003-0526-6425 FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation via the University of California, Santa Barbara FX We are indebted to Mark Bravington for sharing unpublished data and to him, James Crow, Peter Smouse, and Ian Wilson for stimulating discussions. Three anonymous reviewers provided useful comments on an earlier draft. This work arose from a project funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation via the University of California, Santa Barbara and was inspired by code written by Eli Meir from SimBiotic Software. NR 34 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 11 SU 1 BP 162 EP 171 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02942.x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 723CZ UT WOS:000287485100015 PM 21429172 ER PT J AU Mesnick, SL Taylor, BL Archer, FI Martien, KK Trevino, SE Hancock-Hanser, BL Medina, SCM Pease, VL Robertson, KM Straley, JM Baird, RW Calambokidis, J Schorr, GS Wade, P Burkanov, V Lunsford, CR Rendell, L Morin, PA AF Mesnick, Sarah L. Taylor, Barbara L. Archer, Frederick I. Martien, Karen K. Trevino, Sergio Escorza Hancock-Hanser, Brittany L. Moreno Medina, Sandra Carolina Pease, Victoria L. Robertson, Kelly M. Straley, Janice M. Baird, Robin W. Calambokidis, John Schorr, Gregory S. Wade, Paul Burkanov, Vladimir Lunsford, Chris R. Rendell, Luke Morin, Phillip A. TI Sperm whale population structure in the eastern and central North Pacific inferred by the use of single-nucleotide polymorphisms, microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE conservation; Physeter macrocephalus; population structure; single-nucleotide polymorphism; sperm whale ID PHYSETER-MACROCEPHALUS; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; GENOTYPING ERRORS; STATISTICAL POWER; F-STATISTICS; VOCAL CLANS; G(ST); SNPS AB We use mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) (400 bp), six microsatellites and 36 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 20 of which were linked, to investigate population structure of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) in the eastern and central North Pacific. SNP markers, reproducible across technologies and laboratories, are ideal for long-term studies of globally distributed species such as sperm whales, a species of conservation concern because of both historical and contemporary impacts. We estimate genetic differentiation among three strata in the temperate to tropical waters where females are found: California Current, Hawaigravei and the eastern tropical Pacific. We then consider how males on sub-Arctic foraging grounds assign to these strata. The California Current stratum was differentiated from both the other strata (P < 0.05) for mtDNA, microsatellites and SNPs, suggesting that the region supports a demographically independent population and providing the first indication that males may exhibit reproductive philopatry. Comparisons between the Hawaigravei stratum and the eastern tropical Pacific stratum are not conclusive at this time. Comparisons with Alaska males were statistically significant, or nearly so, from all three strata and individuals showed mixed assignment to, and few exclusions from, the three potential source strata, suggesting widespread origin of males on sub-Arctic feeding grounds. We show that SNPs have sufficient power to detect population structure even when genetic differentiation is low. There is a need for better analytical methods for SNPs, especially when linked SNPs are used, but SNPs appear to be a valuable marker for long-term studies of globally dispersed and highly mobile species. C1 [Mesnick, Sarah L.; Taylor, Barbara L.; Archer, Frederick I.; Martien, Karen K.; Hancock-Hanser, Brittany L.; Pease, Victoria L.; Robertson, Kelly M.; Morin, Phillip A.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Mesnick, Sarah L.; Morin, Phillip A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Trevino, Sergio Escorza] Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. [Moreno Medina, Sandra Carolina] Univ Autonoma Baja California, Lab Ecol Mol, Ensenada 22800, Baja California, Mexico. [Straley, Janice M.] Univ Alaska SE, Sitka, AK 99835 USA. [Baird, Robin W.; Calambokidis, John; Schorr, Gregory S.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Wade, Paul; Burkanov, Vladimir] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Burkanov, Vladimir] RAS, FEB, Kamchatka Branch, Pacific Geophys Inst, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski, Russia. [Lunsford, Chris R.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Rendell, Luke] Sch Biol, St Andrews KY16 9TS, Fife, Scotland. RP Mesnick, SL (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 3333 N Torrey Pines Court, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM sarah.mesnick@noaa.gov RI Rendell, Luke/G-2594-2010 OI Rendell, Luke/0000-0002-1121-9142 FU Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC), Southwest Regional Office; Alaska Regional Office of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); U.S. Marine Mammal Commission FX Research was funded by the Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC), Southwest Regional Office and Alaska Regional Office of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission. We are thankful for expertise of tissue archivist Gabriella Serra-Valente and the laboratory expertise of John Hyde, Aviva Rosenberg, Becky Nachenberg and Karine Viaud. Andy Dizon provided initial support, Dan Prosperi provided valuable guidance in database management, Rich Cosgrove provided the maps and Henry Orr improved the figures. Sample collection was carried out by the SWFSC under National Marine Fisheries Service Permits 1029/689424, 774-1437 and 774-1714 as required by the Marine Mammal Protection Act and Endangered Species Act. Bill Perrin, Aimee Lang, John Hyde, Nikki Volmer, Susan Chivers, David Paetkau and three anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments that improved the manuscript. Collection of samples involved many people, from many institutions. Our gratitude goes to the command and crew of NOAA Ships David Starr Jordan, McArthur, McArthur II, the UNOLS vessel Endeavor, and to SWFSC Chief Scientists: Lisa Ballance, Jay Barlow, Susan Chivers, Karin Forney, Tim Gerrodette and Rick LeDuc. The skill of several expert marine mammal observers made it possible for us to obtain samples on these cruises, among them: Robert Pitman, Juan Carlos Salinas, Jim Cotton, Suzanne Yin and Erin LaBreque. We are grateful to the many scientists and institutions that have contributed valuable samples to this project: Alaska SeaLife Center; Diane Gendron, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional; Lance Barrett Lennard, Cowan Vertebrate Museum, University of British Columbia; Jenny Christal, Dalhousie University; Kristine Sowl, Izembek National Wildlife Refuge, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Jim Dines, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History; Moss Landing Marine Laboratories; John Durban, National Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NMFS, NOAA; Craig Matkin, North Gulf Oceaninc Society; Jan Hodder, Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, University of Oregon; Daniel Palacios, Oregon State University-Corvallis and now at SWFSC, NMFS, NOAA; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, NMFS, NOAA; Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History; Nancy Black; Southwest Region Fishery Observer Program; The Marine Mammal Center; Jorge Urban-Ramirez, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California Sur; Link Olson, University of Alaska Museum; Kate Wynne, University of Alaska, Fairbanks; University of British Columbia. NR 99 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 55 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 11 SU 1 BP 278 EP 298 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02973.x PG 21 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 723CZ UT WOS:000287485100024 PM 21429181 ER PT J AU Bote, D Salvat, F Jablonski, A Powell, CJ AF Bote, David Salvat, Francesc Jablonski, Aleksander Powell, Cedric J. TI Cross sections for ionization of K, L and M shells of atoms by impact of electrons and positrons with energies up to 1 GeV. Analytical formulas (vol 95, pg 871, 2009) SO ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES LA English DT Correction C1 [Bote, David; Salvat, Francesc] Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Bote, David; Salvat, Francesc] Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, ICC, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Jablonski, Aleksander] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys Chem, PL-01224 Warsaw, Poland. [Powell, Cedric J.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Salvat, F (reprint author), Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, ECM, Diagonal 647, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. EM cesc@ecm.ub.es RI Salvat, Francesc/F-8255-2016 OI Salvat, Francesc/0000-0002-6162-8841 NR 1 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0092-640X J9 ATOM DATA NUCL DATA JI Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables PD MAR PY 2011 VL 97 IS 2 BP 186 EP 186 DI 10.1016/j.adt.2010.10.001 PG 1 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 721WB UT WOS:000287387400004 ER PT J AU Costello, CT Kenworthy, WJ AF Costello, Charles T. Kenworthy, William Judson TI Twelve-Year Mapping and Change Analysis of Eelgrass (Zostera marina) Areal Abundance in Massachusetts (USA) Identifies Statewide Declines SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Massachusetts; Seagrass; Distribution; Mapping; Change analysis; Declines; Water quality ID SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION; WATER-QUALITY; COASTAL WATERS; NITROGEN LOADS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; WAQUOIT BAY; SEAGRASS; ECOSYSTEMS; EUTROPHICATION; CONTRIBUTE AB In 1994, 1995, and 1996, seagrasses in 46 of the 89 coastal embayments and portions of seven open-water near-shore areas in Massachusetts were mapped with a combination of aerial photography, digital imagery, and ground truth verification. In the open-water areas, 9,477.31 ha of seagrass were identified, slightly more than twice the 4,846.2 ha detected in the 46 coastal embayments. A subset of the 46 embayments, including all regions of the state were remapped in 2000, 2001, and 2002 and again in 2006 and 2007. We detected a wide range of changes from increases as high as 29% y(-1) in Boston Harbor to declines as large as -33% y(-1) in Salem Harbor. One embayment, Waquoit Bay, lost all of its seagrass during the mapping period. For the 12-year change analysis representing all geographic regions of the state, only three embayments exhibited increases in seagrass coverage while 30 of the original 46 embayments showed some indication of decline. For the decadal period, rates of decline in the individual embayments ranged from -0.06% y(-1) to as high as -14.81% y(-1). The median rate of decline by region ranged from -2.21% y(-1) to -3.51% y(-1) and was slightly less than the recently reported global rate of decline for seagrasses (-3.7% y(-1)). Accounting for the gains in three of the embayments, 755.16 ha (20.6%) of seagrass area originally detected was lost during the mapping interval. The results affirm that previously reported losses in a few embayments were symptomatic of more widespread seagrass declines in Massachusetts. State and Federal programs designed to improve environmental quality for conservation and restoration of seagrasses in Massachusetts should continue to be a priority for coastal managers. C1 [Costello, Charles T.] Massachusetts Dept Environm Protect, Div Watershed Management, Boston, MA 02108 USA. [Kenworthy, William Judson] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, NCCOS, NOS, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Costello, CT (reprint author), Massachusetts Dept Environm Protect, Div Watershed Management, 1 Winter St, Boston, MA 02108 USA. EM charles.costello@state.ma.us FU Commonwealth of Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection; Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research, NCCOS, NOS, NOAA FX This research was funded by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection. We thank Kathy Cronin, Jim Brown, Michael McHugh, Don Field, and Brooke Landry for laboratory and field assistance. Salary and equipment funding for W. Judson Kenworthy were provided by the Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research, NCCOS, NOS, NOAA. NR 53 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 6 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAR PY 2011 VL 34 IS 2 BP 232 EP 242 DI 10.1007/s12237-010-9371-5 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 718SQ UT WOS:000287146900003 ER PT J AU Roegner, GC Seaton, C Baptista, AM AF Roegner, G. Curtis Seaton, Charles Baptista, Antonio M. TI Climatic and Tidal Forcing of Hydrography and Chlorophyll Concentrations in the Columbia River Estuary SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Chlorophyll concentration; Hydrography; Upwelling; Columbia River estuary; Northeast Pacific ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; NORTHEASTERN PACIFIC ESTUARY; CURRENT SYSTEM; WILLAPA BAY; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; UPWELLING SYSTEM; ORGANIC-CARBON; COASTAL OCEAN; RIAS-BAIXAS; NW SPAIN AB Hydrographic patterns and chlorophyll concentrations in the Columbia River estuary were compared for spring and summer periods during 2004 through 2006. Riverine and oceanic sources of chlorophyll were evaluated at stations along a 27-km along-estuary transect in relation to time series of wind stress, river flow, and tidal stage. Patterns of chlorophyll concentration varied between seasons and years. In spring, the chlorophyll distribution was dominated by high concentrations from freshwater sources. Periods of increased stream flow limited riverine chlorophyll production. In summer, conversely, upwelling winds induced input of high-salinity water from the ocean to the estuary, and this water was often associated with relatively high chlorophyll concentrations. The frequency, duration, and intensity of upwelling events varied both seasonally and interannually, and this variation affected the timing and magnitude of coastally derived material imported to the estuary. The main source of chlorophyll thus varied from riverine in spring to coastal in summer. In both spring and summer seasons and among years, modulation of the spring/neap tidal cycle determined stratification, patterns of mixing, and the fate of (especially freshwater) phytoplankton. Spring tides had higher mixing and neap tides greater stratification, which affected the vertical distribution of chlorophyll. The Columbia River differs from the more tidally dominated coastal estuaries in the Pacific Northwest by its large riverine phytoplankton production and transfer of this biogenic material to the estuary and coastal ocean. However, all Pacific Northwest coastal estuaries investigated to date have exhibited advection of coastally derived chlorophyll during the upwelling season. This constitutes a fundamental difference between Pacific Northwest estuaries and systems not bounded by a coastal upwelling zone. C1 [Roegner, G. Curtis] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Point Adams Res Stn, Hammond, OR 97013 USA. [Seaton, Charles; Baptista, Antonio M.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Sci & Technol Ctr Coastal Margin Observat & Predi, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. RP Roegner, GC (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Point Adams Res Stn, Box 155, Hammond, OR 97013 USA. EM curtis.roegner@noaa.gov OI Seaton, Charles/0000-0002-3031-839X; Baptista, Antonio/0000-0002-7641-5937 FU Bonneville Power Association FX We appreciate the efforts of Capt. Gene Bock and crew of R/V Forerunner and thank Michael Wilkin for troubleshooting glitches in oceanographic instrumentation. We are also grateful to three reviewers who helped clarify the manuscript. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration or Oregon Health and Science University. This research was supported by the Bonneville Power Association. NR 56 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAR PY 2011 VL 34 IS 2 BP 281 EP 296 DI 10.1007/s12237-010-9340-z PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 718SQ UT WOS:000287146900007 ER PT J AU Gann, RG Babrauskas, V Grayson, SJ Marsh, ND AF Gann, Richard G. Babrauskas, Vytenis Grayson, Stephen J. Marsh, Nathan D. TI Hazards of combustion products: Toxicity, opacity, corrosivity, and heat release: The experts' views on capability and issues SO FIRE AND MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE fire, fire hazard; heat release rate; smoke corrosivity; smoke opacity; smoke toxicity AB The science of understanding how fires burn and how heat smoke and gases are generated and affect people has progressed substantially in the last half century. The principles of facility design for life safety in fires have reached a degree of maturity. Standards and code provisions for fire detection, suppression and control have become the norm. Real-scale (or nearly real-scale) test methods for the flammability of furnishings and interior finish have been established. In addition, some tests have been developed that measure the results of the burning of a small sample from the finished product. Yet, while there have been numerous small-scale apparatuses developed for assessing the generation of heat, toxic gases, and visible or corrosive smoke, these facets of life and property safety have not found widespread inclusion in building and fire codes. There has been an invigorated effort in ISO TC92 SC3, Fire Threat to People and the Environment, to develop a coherent and comprehensive set of fire safety standards and guidance documents for life safety. Smaller efforts are ongoing within some national and regional standards bodies. In November 2008, experts in this field gathered at The Royal Society in London to hear papers that captured the state of the art and to discuss where we might go from here. This paper summarizes the papers and the discussion from that meeting. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Gann, Richard G.; Marsh, Nathan D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Babrauskas, Vytenis] Fire Sci & Technol, Issaquah, WA USA. [Grayson, Stephen J.] Intersci Commun, London, England. RP Gann, RG (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rggann@nist.gov NR 1 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0308-0501 J9 FIRE MATER JI Fire Mater. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 35 IS 2 BP 115 EP 127 DI 10.1002/fam.1043 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 720DK UT WOS:000287260200006 ER PT J AU Goldberg, RN Lang, BE Selig, MJ Decker, SR AF Goldberg, Robert N. Lang, Brian E. Selig, Michael J. Decker, Stephen R. TI A calorimetric and equilibrium investigation of the reaction {methyl ferulate(aq) + H(2)O(1) = methanol(aq) plus ferulic acid(aq)} SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Biomass; Calorimetry; Enthalpy; Entropy; Ferulic acid; Feruloyl esterase; Methyl ferulate; Methanol; Standard Gibbs free energy ID THERMODYNAMICS; ACID AB Microcalorimetry and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) have been used to conduct a thermodynamic investigation of the reaction: {methyl ferulate(aq) + H(2)O(1) = methanol(aq) + ferulic acid(aq)}, as catalyzed by feruloyl esterase. Values of the apparent equilibrium constant K' = (29.6 +/- 0.7) (T = 298.15 K, citrate buffer at pH 4.98, ionic strength I = 0.39 mol . kg(-1)) and of the calorimetrically determined enthalpy of reaction Delta(r)H(cal) = (4.0 +/- 0.9) kJ . mol(-1) (T = 298.15 K and citrate buffer at pH 4.81, I = 0.36 mol . kg-1) were measured. A chemical equilibrium model, together with pKs and standard enthalpies of reaction Delta(r)H degrees for the H(+)(aq) binding reactions of the reactants and products, was then used to calculate the values K = (1.89 +/- 0.06) . 10(-4), Delta(r)H degrees = (7.3 +/- 1.7) kJ . mol(-1), Delta(r)G degrees =(21.25 +/- 0.07) kJ . mol(-1), and Delta(r)S degrees = -(46.8 +/- 5.7) J . K(-1) . mol(-1) for the chemical reference reaction {methyl ferulate(aq) + H(2)O(1) = methanol(aq) + ferulic acid(-)(aq) + H(+)(aq)}. These values of K and Delta(r)H degrees are similar in magnitude to the corresponding values reported for the reaction {propyl gallate(aq) + H(2)O(1) = 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid(-)(aq) + 1-propanol(aq) + H(+)(aq)}. The results obtained in this study can be used in a chemical equilibrium model to calculate how K' and other standard transformed properties such as the standard transformed enthalpy Delta(r)H'degrees, standard transformed Gibbs free energy Delta(r)G'degrees, and the change in binding of H(+)(aq), Delta(r)N(H(+)), vary with the independent variables T, pH, and I. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Goldberg, Robert N.; Lang, Brian E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20876 USA. [Goldberg, Robert N.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Chem & Biochem, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Selig, Michael J.; Decker, Stephen R.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Biosci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Goldberg, RN (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20876 USA. EM robert.goldberg@nist.gov; brian.lang@nist.gov; michael.selig@nrel.gov; steve.decker@nrel.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 43 IS 3 BP 235 EP 239 DI 10.1016/j.jct.2010.09.002 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 717VU UT WOS:000287076300002 ER PT J AU Safford, TG Norman, KC AF Safford, Thomas G. Norman, Karma C. TI Water water everywhere, but not enough for salmon? Organizing integrated water and fisheries management in Puget Sound SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Salmon recovery; Water management; Organizational behavior; Collaborative planning; Washington State AB Natural resource management has traditionally been organized within discrete land, water, and fishery resource sectors. However, emerging environmental problems often cross these boundaries, and managers have struggled to find effective planning approaches for multi-resource concerns. No case better exemplifies these challenges than efforts to ensure sufficient flows of water for salmon in the Pacific Northwest. In this study, we investigate the organizational experiences of collaborative water and salmon recovery planning groups in the Puget Sound region of Washington. Using conceptual frameworks from organizational sociology, we examine how different regulative, normative, and cultural cognitive institutional forces shape the structure and behavior of both water and salmon recovery planning groups. Data obtained through content analysis of planning documents and interviews with natural resource planners illustrate that legal structures, shared intra-group norms, and the distinct organizational cultures of water and salmon recovery groups constrain these organizations' ability to address linked water-for-salmon concerns. These findings illustrate that assessing institutional and organizational arrangements may be equally as important as understanding hydrology and biology when attempting to forward an integrated approach to water and fisheries management. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Safford, Thomas G.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Sociol, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Safford, Thomas G.] Univ New Hampshire, UNH Marine Program, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Norman, Karma C.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Safford, TG (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Sociol, 417 Horton Social Sci Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM tom.safford@unh.edu FU NMFS - Northwest Fisheries Science Center FX This study was supported by an award from the Internal Grants Program at the NMFS - Northwest Fisheries Science Center. The authors thank Jason Wilkinson for his invaluable assistance with data collection and analysis and Anna Varney for her aid with map production. Kathy Mills and the anonymous reviewers provided constructive input that led to marked improvements in this paper. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 92 IS 3 BP 838 EP 847 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.10.024 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 714BR UT WOS:000286782400052 PM 21074932 ER PT J AU Hall, C Lutjeharms, JRE AF Hall, C. Lutjeharms, J. R. E. TI Cyclonic eddies identified in the Cape Basin of the South Atlantic Ocean SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Cyclonic eddy; Cape Basin; Benguela Current; Agulhas Current; South Africa; South-east Atlantic; Altimetry ID 3 AGULHAS RINGS; INTEROCEAN EXCHANGE; THERMOCLINE WATER; BENGUELA CURRENT; VARIABILITY; RETROFLECTION; TRANSLATION; EVOLUTION; DYNAMICS; LEAKAGE AB Inter-ocean exchange south of Africa takes place largely through the movement of Agulhas Rings into the Cape Basin. Recent observations have shown that the highly energetic flow field in this basin consists of anti-cyclonic rings as well as cyclonic eddies. Very little is known of the characteristics of the cyclonic eddies. Using altimetric data, this study determines the location, frequency and seasonality of these cyclonic eddies their size, trajectories, life spans and their association with Agulhas Rings. Cyclonic eddies were seen to split, merge and link with other cyclonic eddies, where splitting events created child cyclonic eddies. The 105 parent and 157 child cyclonic eddies identified over a decade show that on average 11 parent and 17 child cyclonic eddies appear annually in AVISO merged absolute dynamic topography data along the continental slope. Thirty-two percent follow an overall west south-westward direction, with 27% going west north-westward. Average translocation speeds are 2.2 +/- 0.1 km/day for parent and 3.0 +/- 0.2 km/day for child cyclonic eddies. Parent cyclonic eddy lifespan averaged 250 +/- 18 days; whereas child cyclonic eddies survived for only 118 +/- 11 days. A significant difference in lifespan for parent and child cyclonic eddies identified in the north and south region of the study area was detected. Seventy-seven percent of the northern and 93% of the southern cyclonic eddies were first detected directly adjacent to passing Agulhas Rings, suggesting a vital interaction between these mesoscale eddies within the region. Topographical features appeared to affect the behaviour and lifespan of these deep cyclonic eddies. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hall, C.; Lutjeharms, J. R. E.] Univ Cape Town, Dept Oceanog, ZA-7701 Cape Town, South Africa. RP Hall, C (reprint author), SWFSC, 3333 N Torrey Pines Court, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM candice.hall@noaa.gov NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 EI 1879-1573 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 85 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2010.10.003 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 722IQ UT WOS:000287426300001 ER PT J AU Lott, PA Elman, H AF Lott, P. Aaron Elman, Howard TI Fast Iterative Solver for Convection-Diffusion Systems with Spectral Elements SO NUMERICAL METHODS FOR PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS LA English DT Article DE convection-diffusion; domain decomposition; preconditioning; spectral element method ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION; FETI-DP; PRECONDITIONERS; DISCRETIZATIONS; BDDC AB We introduce a solver and preconditioning technique based on Domain Decomposition and the Fast Diagonalization Method that can be applied to tensor product based discretizations of the steady convection-diffusion equation. The method is based on a Robin-Robin interface preconditioner coupled to a fast diagonalization solver which is used to efficiently eliminate the interior degrees of freedom and perform subsidiary subdomain solves. Using a spectral element discretization, we first apply our technique to constant wind problems, and then propose a means for applying the technique as a preconditioner for variable wind problems. We demonstrate that iteration counts are mildly dependent on changes in mesh size and convection strength. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.* Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 27: 231-254, 2011 C1 [Lott, P. Aaron] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Elman, Howard] Univ Maryland, Dept Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Elman, Howard] Univ Maryland, Inst Adv Comp Studies, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Lott, PA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Aaron.lott@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Elman, Howard/F-6517-2011 OI Elman, Howard/0000-0002-8886-9901 FU National Research Council; U.S. Department of Energy [DEFG0204ER25619]; U.S. National Science Foundation [CCF0726017] FX Contract grant sponsor: National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship; Contract grant sponsor: U.S. Department of Energy; contract grant number: DEFG0204ER25619; Contract grant sponsor: U.S. National Science Foundation; contract grant number: CCF0726017 NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0749-159X J9 NUMER METH PART D E JI Numer. Meth. Part Differ. Equ. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 27 IS 2 BP 231 EP 254 DI 10.1002/num.20518 PG 24 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 719QL UT WOS:000287223300001 ER PT J AU Fast, JD Gustafson, WI Chapman, EG Easter, RC Rishel, JP Zaveri, RA Grell, GA Barth, MC AF Fast, Jerome D. Gustafson, William I., Jr. Chapman, Elaine G. Easter, Richard C. Rishel, Jeremy P. Zaveri, Rahul A. Grell, Georg A. Barth, Mary C. TI THE AEROSOL MODELING TESTBED A Community Tool to Objectively Evaluate Aerosol Process Modules SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SUBGRID-SCALE VARIATIONS; MEXICO-CITY PLATEAU; SULFATE-AEROSOL; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; TIME EVOLUTION; CLOUD; CLIMATE; CHEMISTRY; CAMPAIGN; AEROCOM C1 [Fast, Jerome D.; Gustafson, William I., Jr.; Chapman, Elaine G.; Easter, Richard C.; Rishel, Jeremy P.; Zaveri, Rahul A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Grell, Georg A.] Univ Colorado, Global Syst Div, NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Grell, Georg A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Barth, Mary C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Fast, JD (reprint author), NW Natl Lab, POB 999,K9-30, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jerome.fast@pnl.gov RI Gustafson, William/A-7732-2008; Chapman, Elaine/K-8756-2012; grell, georg/B-6234-2015; OI Gustafson, William/0000-0001-9927-1393; grell, georg/0000-0001-5214-8742; Zaveri, Rahul/0000-0001-9874-8807 FU National Science Foundation; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) through the Aerosol Climate Initiative FX The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation.; Development of the Aerosol Modeling Testbed was supported by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory's (PNNL) Laboratory Directed Research and Development program through the Aerosol Climate Initiative. The authors thank Stuart McKeen (NOAA) for providing a dry deposition treatment and the numerous MILAGRO investigators for providing data, emissions, and boundary conditions used in this study, including Jose Jimenez and Allison Aiken (University of Colorado), Larry Kleinman (Brookhaven National Laboratory), and Richard Ferrare (NASA). PNNL is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute. NR 67 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 92 IS 3 BP 343 EP 360 DI 10.1175/2010BAMS2868.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 758YD UT WOS:000290202700005 ER PT J AU Halter, M Sisan, DR Chalfoun, J Stottrup, BL Cardone, A Dima, AA Tona, A Plant, AL Elliott, JT AF Halter, Michael Sisan, Daniel R. Chalfoun, Joe Stottrup, Benjamin L. Cardone, Antonio Dima, Alden A. Tona, Alessandro Plant, Anne L. Elliott, John T. TI Cell Cycle Dependent TN-C Promoter Activity Determined by Live Cell Imaging SO CYTOMETRY PART A LA English DT Article DE green fluorescent protein; live cell microscopy; quantitative microscopy; NIH 3T3 cells; destabilized GFP; automated segmentation; automated tracking ID STOCHASTIC GENE-EXPRESSION; TENASCIN-C; VASCULAR-DISEASE; PROTEIN-LEVELS; SINGLE-CELL; PROLIFERATION; QUANTIFICATION; TRANSCRIPTION; SEGMENTATION; MICROSCOPE AB The extracellular matrix protein tenascin-C plays a critical role in development, wound healing, and cancer progression, but how it is controlled and how it exerts its physiological responses remain unclear. By quantifying the behavior of live cells with phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy, the dynamic regulation of TN-C promoter activity is examined. We employ an NIH 3T3 cell line stably transfected with the TN-C promoter ligated to the gene sequence for destabilized green fluorescent protein (GFP). Fully automated image analysis routines, validated by comparison with data derived from manual segmentation and tracking of single cells, are used to quantify changes in the cellular GFP in hundreds of individual cells throughout their cell cycle during live cell imaging experiments lasting 62 h. We find that individual cells vary substantially in their expression patterns over the cell cycle, but that on average TN-C promoter activity increases during the last 40% of the cell cycle. We also find that the increase in promoter activity is proportional to the activity earlier in the cell cycle. This work illustrates the application of live cell microscopy and automated image analysis of a promoter-driven GFP reporter cell line to identify subtle gene regulatory mechanisms that are difficult to uncover using population averaged measurements. Published 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 [Halter, Michael; Sisan, Daniel R.; Plant, Anne L.; Elliott, John T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Cell Syst Sci Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chalfoun, Joe; Cardone, Antonio; Dima, Alden A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Software & Syst Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stottrup, Benjamin L.] Augsburg Coll, Dept Phys, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. [Tona, Alessandro] SAIC, Arlington, VA USA. RP Halter, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Cell Syst Sci Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM michael.halter@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1552-4922 J9 CYTOM PART A JI Cytom. Part A PD MAR PY 2011 VL 79A IS 3 BP 192 EP 202 DI 10.1002/cyto.a.21028 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 731FF UT WOS:000288091000004 PM 22045641 ER PT J AU Bravo, CF Curtis, LR Myers, MS Meador, JP Johnson, LL Buzitis, J Collier, TK Morrow, JD Laetz, CA Loge, FJ Arkoosh, MR AF Bravo, C. F. Curtis, L. R. Myers, M. S. Meador, J. P. Johnson, L. L. Buzitis, J. Collier, T. K. Morrow, J. D. Laetz, C. A. Loge, F. J. Arkoosh, M. R. TI BIOMARKER RESPONSES AND DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY IN JUVENILE RAINBOW TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS FED A HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT PAH MIXTURE SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Oxidative stress; Aryl hydrocarbon receptor; Aeromonas salmonicida ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; DIETARY EXPOSURE; CHINOOK SALMON; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION; DNA-DAMAGE; FISH; CYTOCHROME-P4501A; TISSUES; METABOLISM AB Juvenile rainbow trout were fed a diet containing an environmentally relevant mixture of 10 high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at a dose of 0.66 or 7.82 mu g PAH . g fish(-1) . d(-1). At 3, 7, 14, and 28 d, biomarkers of aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation (AHR), hepatic microsomal ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, and cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A)-associated staining increased 14- to 26-fold and 6- to 14-fold, respectively, in fish fed 7.82 mu g PAH . g fish (-1) . d(-1). Cytochrome P4501A-associated staining increased 2- to 9-fold on days 3, 7, and 28 in fish fed 0.66 mu g PAH . g fish(-1) . d(-1). Bile fluorescent aromatic compounds served as a biomarker of exposure and confirmed that PAH exposure was consistent over 50 d. DNA damage in blood cells, protein oxidation, and lipid peroxidation in the kidney were biomarkers of oxidative stress and all increased in fish fed 7.82 mu g PAH . g fish(-1) . d(-1). Fish fed 0.66 mu g PAH . g fish(-1) . d(-1) had elevated DNA damage in blood cells but increased protein oxidation or lipid peroxidation in the kidney were not observed. Challenge with Aeromonas salmonicida, at lethal concentration (LC) 20, decreased survival in fish previously fed either 0.66 mu g PAH . g fish(-1) . d(-1) or 7.82 mu g PAH . g fish(-1) . d(-1) relative to fish fed the control diet. In general, biomarkers of both AHR activation and oxidative stress peaked at 3 to 14 d then declined at 28 to 50 d of PAH exposure and an increase in susceptibility to disease was observed at 50 d. These results link PAH exposure to biomarker responses that may be useful as early indicators of population level responses, such as mortality resulting from an increase in disease susceptibility. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:704-714. (C) 2011 SETAC C1 [Bravo, C. F.; Curtis, L. R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Myers, M. S.; Meador, J. P.; Johnson, L. L.; Buzitis, J.; Collier, T. K.; Laetz, C. A.] NOAA, Seattle, WA USA. [Morrow, J. D.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. [Bravo, C. F.; Loge, F. J.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Bravo, C. F.; Loge, F. J.; Arkoosh, M. R.] NOAA, Newport, OR USA. RP Bravo, CF (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM claudia.f.bravo@gmail.com FU NOAA's Northwest Fisheries Science Center; Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station; NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative; [GM 15431]; [CA77839]; [DK48831]; [ES13125]; [ES06272] FX The authors thank Margaret Krahn and Joseph Dietrich, Gina Ylitalo, Maryjean Willis, Carla Stehr, and Bernadita Anulacion of the Northwest Fisheries Science Center; John J. Stegeman and Bruce Woodin of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Joseph Beckman and Kay Fisher from Oregon State University; and David Yu of the Linus Pauling Institute for their gracious help and support. This study was supported by NOAA's Northwest Fisheries Science Center, the Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station, and grants GM 15431, CA77839, DK48831, ES13125 and ES06272. Support was also received from the West Coast Center for Oceans and Human Health (WCCOHH), which is funded by the NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative. This is WCCOHH publication number 41. NR 49 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 30 IS 3 BP 704 EP 714 DI 10.1002/etc.439 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 728UA UT WOS:000287898800022 PM 21298713 ER PT J AU Ihde, TF Wilberg, MJ Loewensteiner, DA Secor, DH Miller, TJ AF Ihde, Thomas F. Wilberg, Michael J. Loewensteiner, David A. Secor, David H. Miller, Thomas J. TI The increasing importance of marine recreational fishing in the US: Challenges for management SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Fishery management goals; Harvest policy; Life history analysis; Marine fisheries management; Recreational fisheries ID SPORT FISHERIES; UNITED-STATES; CONSERVATION; POPULATIONS; TRENDS AB Harvests from recreational fishing are increasingly as important as commercial harvest to populations of popularly fished marine recreational species. However, it has yet to be determined whether the increasing importance of recreational fishing is a general trend of marine fisheries in the US or whether such a trend is limited to only those species recognized as popular recreational fishes. 71% of marine species in the US have experienced an increase in the proportion of total harvest from the recreational sector during the time harvest data are available for both sectors. Species demonstrating an increase in the proportion of harvests by the recreational sector included those generally regarded as commercial, bait, and bycatch species, as well as those considered recreational species. Marine species categorized as overfished could not be predicted from either fishery characteristics or life history characteristics in a PCA analysis of available data for fished species in the US. Consequently, there appears to be little to predict vulnerability of populations to fishing efforts save that all fished species can be made vulnerable to overexploitation. Well-developed yield-based strategies, designed for commercial fisheries, are not likely to be effective in managing populations as the diverse recreational fishing sector continues to increase in its importance. Thus, new management strategies for US marine fisheries are needed. Some possible alternative strategies are discussed. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ihde, Thomas F.; Wilberg, Michael J.; Loewensteiner, David A.; Secor, David H.; Miller, Thomas J.] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. RP Ihde, TF (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Chesapeake Bay Off, 410 Severn Ave,Suite 107A, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. EM Tom.lhde@noaa.gov RI Miller, Thomas/C-2129-2008; Secor, D/D-4367-2012; Wilberg, Michael/C-2765-2008; Wilberg, Michael/D-6289-2013 OI Miller, Thomas/0000-0001-8427-1614; Secor, D/0000-0001-6007-4827; Wilberg, Michael/0000-0001-8982-5946 FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Chesapeake Biological Laboratory (UMCES-CBL) FX Support for this research was provided by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Chesapeake Biological Laboratory (UMCES-CBL). We thank Jon Loehrke for his R plotting routine "cirplot." This is contribution number 4480 of the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Chesapeake Biological Laboratory. NR 44 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 108 IS 2-3 BP 268 EP 276 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2010.12.016 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 738LF UT WOS:000288640600005 ER PT J AU Csepp, DJ Vollenweider, JJ Sigler, MF AF Csepp, David J. Vollenweider, Johanna J. Sigler, Michael F. TI Seasonal abundance and distribution of pelagic and demersal fishes in southeastern Alaska SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Echo integration-trawl survey; Acoustics; Long line survey; Pelagic; Demersal; Walleye pollock; Theragra chalcogramma; Pacific hake; Merluccius productus; Pacific herring; Clupea pallasii ID STELLER SEA LIONS; POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; EULACHON THALEICHTHYS-PACIFICUS; SABLEFISH ANOPLOPOMA-FIMBRIA; TARGET-STRENGTH MEASUREMENTS; DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; WALLEYE POLLOCK; EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; BERING-SEA; MERLUCCIUS-PRODUCTUS AB We quantified seasonal and interannual variability of pelagic and demersal fishes available to marine predators in southeastern Alaska focusing on prey of the Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus). Estimates of abundance were determined from echo integration mid-water trawl and demersal longline surveys. The dominant species were walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) (average biomass 9057 t). Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) (1715 t), Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) (1176 t), Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus srenolepis) (average catch rate 524 kg per 1000 hooks), Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) (177 kg per 1000 hooks), sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) (120 kg per 1000 hooks), and sandpaper skate (Bathyraja interrupta) (26 kg per 1000 hooks). Of these species, seasonal differences in species abundance were detected for walleye pollock (p = 0.03), Pacific cod (p = 0.001) and sablefish (p < 0.001) with walleye pollock the most abundant and widespread species year-round. Herring, hake, and juvenile (120-350 mm) and adult (>350 mm) pollock are pelagic species. Adult and juvenile pollock and hake were found in open water, while herring, young-of-the-year (<120 mm) and the smallest juvenile pollock were found in bays. H erring of all ages concentrate in dense schools. Pollock and hake form scattered layers throughout open water with juvenile pollock shallower than adult pollock and adult pollock shallower than hake. Halibut, sablefish, skates, Pacific cod and arrowtooth flounder are demersal species; sablefish were deeper than the other demersal species. These seasonal and annual changes in prey availability affected prey selection of sea lions which shifted their diet in response. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Csepp, David J.; Vollenweider, Johanna J.; Sigler, Michael F.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Csepp, DJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, 17109 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM Dave.Csepp@noaa.gov RI Bizzarro, Joseph/A-2988-2012 NR 63 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 108 IS 2-3 BP 307 EP 320 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2011.01.003 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 738LF UT WOS:000288640600010 ER PT J AU Fire, SE Wang, ZH Byrd, M Whitehead, HR Paternoster, J Morton, SL AF Fire, Spencer E. Wang, Zhihong Byrd, Meridith Whitehead, Heidi R. Paternoster, Jeff Morton, Steve L. TI Co-occurrence of multiple classes of harmful algal toxins in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) stranding during an unusual mortality event in Texas, USA SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Bottlenose dolphin; Biotoxin; Brevetoxin; Domoic acid; HAB; Harmful algal bloom; Okadaic acid; Tursiops truncatus; Unusual mortality event ID LIONS ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; DOMOIC ACID; SEA LIONS; PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA; KARENIA-BREVIS; SARASOTA BAY; RED TIDES; EXPOSURE; BLOOMS AB During February-April 2008, an unusual mortality event occurred in Texas coastal waters that resulted in over 100 bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)deaths. This mortality event overlapped spatially and temporally with a harmful algal bloom (HAB) composed of the toxin-producing genera Dinophysis spp. and Prorocentrum spp., and was associated with shellfish bed closures due to HAB toxins. A bloom of the toxin-producing diatom Pseudo-nitzschia pungens was also detected in Texas coastal waters in early April, towards the end of the dolphin mortality event. Analysis of dolphin gastrointestinal contents collected during this event demonstrated the presence of the HAB toxins domoic acid and okadaic acid in association with these blooms, as well as evidence of brevetoxin exposure in the absence of an associated K. brevis bloom. Historical dolphin stranding data for Texas waters indicate seasonal stranding peaks similar to the present study, indicating a need for investigating potential HAB involvement in mass strandings in previous years and in future events. This study marks the first reported occurrence of okadaic acid in marine mammals, and documents a unique co-occurrence of multiple HAB toxins associated with an unusual mortality event. Texas waters harbor a high diversity of HAB events relative to other coastal regions, and this study highlights the importance of efforts to understand the impacts of such HAB events on the health of Texas marine wildlife. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Fire, Spencer E.; Wang, Zhihong; Paternoster, Jeff; Morton, Steve L.] NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Byrd, Meridith] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Victoria, TX 77901 USA. [Whitehead, Heidi R.] Texas Marine Mammal Stranding Network, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. RP Fire, SE (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM Spencer.fire@noaa.gov RI Fire, Spencer/P-6040-2014 OI Fire, Spencer/0000-0002-1657-790X NR 36 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD MAR PY 2011 VL 10 IS 3 BP 330 EP 336 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2010.12.001 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 733ZE UT WOS:000288302200010 ER PT J AU Mullowney, DR Dawe, EG Morado, JF Cawthorn, RJ AF Mullowney, Darrell R. Dawe, Earl G. Morado, J. Frank Cawthorn, Richard J. TI Sources of variability in prevalence and distribution of bitter crab disease in snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) along the northeast coast of Newfoundland SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bitter crab disease; Hematodinium; snow crab ID PARASITIC DINOFLAGELLATE HEMATODINIUM; NEPHROPS-NORVEGICUS; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; CANCER-PAGURUS; CONCEPTION BAY; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; BAIRDI; CANADA; CRUSTACEANS AB Bitter crab disease (BCD), caused by a parasitic dinoflagellate of the genus Hematodinium, is a source of mortality in Newfoundland and Labrador snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio). Prevalence and distribution patterns have been spatially and temporally variable since the discovery of BCD in 1990, and controlling factors are poorly understood. Data from a long-term trap survey in two bays along the northeast coast of Newfoundland are analysed, investigating the influences and interactions of various biotic and abiotic factors over BCD. Factors examined include host size and density, temperature, salinity, and depth. The density of small to medium-sized snow crabs was directly related to prevalence and distribution of BCD, whereas all other factors had either an indirect or no effect. Further, much of the spatio-temporal variability in disease expression is a function of variability in host productivity, growth, and movement. The study also considers the impacts BCD can exert on the commercial fishery, and the potential for predicting intermediate to long-term recruitment potential based on BCD prevalence levels. C1 [Mullowney, Darrell R.; Dawe, Earl G.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sci Branch, NW Atlantic Fisheries Ctr, St John, NF A1C 5X1, Canada. [Morado, J. Frank] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Cawthorn, Richard J.] Univ Prince Edward Isl, Atlantic Vet Coll, Lobster Sci Ctr, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada. RP Mullowney, DR (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sci Branch, NW Atlantic Fisheries Ctr, POB 5667,80 E White Hills Rd, St John, NF A1C 5X1, Canada. EM darrell.mullowney@dfo-mpo.gc.ca NR 43 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 68 IS 3 BP 463 EP 471 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsq189 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 723FR UT WOS:000287492400005 ER PT J AU Linton, BC Bence, JR AF Linton, Brian C. Bence, James R. TI Catch-at-age assessment in the face of time-varying selectivity SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE age-structured stock assessment; model selection; time-varying selectivity ID DEVIANCE INFORMATION CRITERION; SEQUENTIAL POPULATION ANALYSIS; STOCK ASSESSMENT; MODEL SELECTION; COD FISHERY; PERFORMANCE; AUSTRALIA; MORTALITY; TOOLS AB Age-based fishery selectivity represents the relative vulnerability of specific ages of fish to a fishery, whereby age classes that are highly selected tend to be overrepresented in the catch compared with their relative abundance in the population. Statistical catch-at-age analysis (SCAA) results can be sensitive to misspecification of selectivity, which can occur when changes in selectivity over time are not accounted for properly in the assessment model. Four approaches for modelling time-varying selectivity were evaluated within SCAA using Monte Carlo simulations: double-logistic functions with one, two, and all four of the function parameters varying over time, and age-specific selectivity parameters that all varied over time. None of these estimation approaches outperformed the others always. In addition, methods of model selection were compared to identify good estimation models, i.e. those accurately matching the true fish population. The degree of retrospectivity, the best selection method, was based on a retrospective analysis of errors in model estimates as the data time-series for estimation is sequentially shortened. This selection method performed about as well as knowing the correct selectivity model and led to substantial benefits over misspecifying the selectivity model. C1 [Linton, Brian C.] NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Bence, James R.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Quantitat Fisheries Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Linton, BC (reprint author), NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM brian.linton@noaa.gov RI Bence, James/E-5057-2017 OI Bence, James/0000-0002-2534-688X FU Michigan Department of Natural Resources [230713, 236102]; US Fish and Wildlife Service [F-80-R] FX We thank D. Hayes, M. Jones, and G. Rosa of Michigan State University, C. Porch and A. Chester of the Southeast Fisheries Science Center, and the editor and two anonymous reviewers for their valued comments. The manuscript is publication 2010-09 of the Quantitative Fisheries Center at Michigan State University. The project was funded through Studies 230713 and 236102 of the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, with funding from US Fish and Wildlife Service sportfish restoration program project F-80-R. The research was completed in partial fulfilment by BCL of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Michigan State University. NR 34 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 68 IS 3 BP 611 EP 625 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsq173 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 723FR UT WOS:000287492400021 ER PT J AU Zhou, J Yan, B Gharavi, H AF Zhou, Jie Yan, Bo Gharavi, Hamid TI Efficient Motion Vector Interpolation for Error Concealment of H.264/AVC SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BROADCASTING LA English DT Article DE Error concealment; error-resilient video transmission; H.264/AVC ID VIDEO TRANSMISSION; CODED VIDEO AB In video communications the compressed video stream is very likely to be corrupted by channel errors. In order to combat these channel errors, many methods have been proposed. In this paper, a new method for motion vectors (MVs) interpolation with the help of MV extrapolation (MVE), is presented to conceal the corrupted frame of H.264/AVC. In our proposed method, the MVs of lost blocks can be obtained after interpolation with the extrapolated MVs. Experimental results show that this method is able to provide better performance than existing algorithms in terms of PSNR. C1 [Zhou, Jie; Yan, Bo] Fudan Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Gharavi, Hamid] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhou, J (reprint author), Fudan Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. EM byan@fudan.edu.cn; gharavi@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Yan, Bo/B-2502-2012 NR 20 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9316 J9 IEEE T BROADCAST JI IEEE Trans. Broadcast. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 57 IS 1 BP 75 EP 80 DI 10.1109/TBC.2010.2086771 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 725RS UT WOS:000287664300008 ER PT J AU Polikhronidi, NG Abdulagatov, IM Batyrova, RG Stepanov, GV Ustuzhanin, EE Wu, JT AF Polikhronidi, N. G. Abdulagatov, I. M. Batyrova, R. G. Stepanov, G. V. Ustuzhanin, E. E. Wu, J. T. TI Experimental Study of the Thermodynamic Properties of Diethyl Ether (DEE) at Saturation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Coexistence curve; Critical point; Diethyl ether; Equation of state; Isochoric heat capacity; Saturated density; Thermal-pressure coefficient; Vapor pressure ID ISOCHORIC HEAT-CAPACITY; VAPOR-LIQUID-EQUILIBRIA; YANG-YANG RELATION; CRITICAL-POINT; CRITICAL REGION; BINARY-SYSTEMS; DIISOPROPYL ETHER; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; DIBUTYL ETHER; 298.15 K AB The isochoric heat capacities and first temperature derivatives of the vapor pressure gamma (S) = (dP (S)/dT) of diethyl ether (DEE) on the liquid-gas coexistence curve near the critical point have been measured with a high-temperature and high-pressure nearly constant-volume adiabatic piezo-calorimeter. The measurements of were made in the liquid and vapor one- and two-phase regions along the coexistence curve. The calorimeter was additionally supplied with a calibrated extensometer to accurately and simultaneously measure the PVT, C (V) VT, and thermal-pressure coefficient, gamma (V) , along the saturation curve. The measurements were carried out in the temperature range from 416 K to 466.845 K (the critical temperature) for 17 liquid and vapor densities from 212.6 kg center dot m(-3) to 534.6 kg center dot m(-3). The quasi-static thermo- (reading of PRT, T - tau plot) and baro-gram (readings of the tensotransducer, P - tau plot) techniques were used to accurately measure the phase-transition parameters (P (S) ,rho (S) ,T (S)) and gamma (V) . The total experimental uncertainty of density (rho (S)), pressure (P (S)), temperature (T (S)), isochoric heat capacities and thermal-pressure coefficient, gamma (V) , were estimated to be 0.02 % to 0.05 %, 0.05 %, 15 mK, 2 % to 3 %, and 0.12 % to 1.5 %, respectively. The measured values of saturated caloric and saturated thermal (P (S), rho (S), T (S)) properties were used to calculate other derived thermodynamic properties C (P) , C (S), W, K (T) , P (int), Delta H (vap), and of DEE near the critical point. The second temperature derivatives of the vapor pressure, (d(2) P (S)/dT (2)), and chemical potential, (d(2) mu/dT (2)), were also calculated directly from the measured one- and two-phase liquid and vapor isochoric heat capacities near the critical point. The derived values of (d(2) P (S)/dT (2)) from calorimetric measurements were compared with values calculated from vapor-pressure equations. The measured and derived thermodynamic properties of DEE near the critical point were interpreted in terms of the "complete scaling" theory of critical phenomena. In particular, the effect of a Yang-Yang anomaly of strength R (mu) on the coexistence-curve diameter behavior near the critical point was studied. Extended scaling-type equations for the measured properties P (S) (T), rho (S) (T), and as a function of temperature were developed. C1 [Polikhronidi, N. G.; Batyrova, R. G.; Stepanov, G. V.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia. [Ustuzhanin, E. E.] Moscow Power Engn Inst, Dept Thermophys Engn, Moscow, Russia. [Wu, J. T.] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Xian 710049, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov FU [RFBR 08-08-92215] FX One of us, I. M. Abdulagatov, thanks the Thermophysical Properties Division of the National Institute of Standards and Technology for the opportunity to work as a Guest Researcher during the course of this research. This work was supported by Grant RFBR 08-08-92215. NR 126 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 32 IS 3 BP 559 EP 595 DI 10.1007/s10765-011-0948-4 PG 37 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 739XM UT WOS:000288755000003 ER PT J AU Heinselman, PL Torres, SM AF Heinselman, Pamela L. Torres, Sebastian M. TI High-Temporal-Resolution Capabilities of the National Weather Radar Testbed Phased-Array Radar SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER RADAR; WSR-88D; SIMULATION; TORNADO; DESIGN; MOBILE; SYSTEM; STORMS AB Since 2007 the advancement of the National Weather Radar Testbed Phased-Array Radar (NWRT PAR) hardware and software capabilities has been supporting the implementation of high-temporal-resolution (similar to 1 min) sampling. To achieve the increase in computational power and data archiving needs required for high-temporal-resolution sampling, the signal processor was upgraded to a scalable, Linux-based cluster with a distributed computing architecture. The development of electronic adaptive scanning, which can reduce update times by focusing data collection on significant weather, became possible through functionality added to the radar control interface and real-time controller. Signal processing techniques were implemented to address data quality issues, such as artifact removal and range-and-velocity ambiguity mitigation, absent from the NWRT PAR at its installation. The hardware and software advancements described above have made possible the development of conventional and electronic scanning capabilities that achieve high-temporal-resolution sampling. Those scanning capabilities are sector-and elevation-prioritized scanning, beam multiplexing, and electronic adaptive scanning. Each of these capabilities and related sampling trade-offs are explained and demonstrated through short case studies. C1 [Heinselman, Pamela L.; Torres, Sebastian M.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Torres, Sebastian M.] Okayama Univ, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK USA. RP Heinselman, PL (reprint author), 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM pam.heinselman@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227]; U.S. Department of Commerce FX The authors are grateful for the data collection efforts of NSSL staff and graduate students at the University of Oklahoma's School of Meteorology. They also thank NSSL radar and software engineers Ric Adams, Chris Curtis, Eddie Forren, Igor Ivic, David Priegnitz, John Thompson, and David Warde for advances in data quality and radar functionality that made this research possible. We also appreciate the technical expertise of Kurt Hondl and Valliappa Lakshmanan in the display of phased-array radar data. This manuscript benefited from reviews by Rodger Brown, Dick Doviak, and Dusan Zrnic, and was prepared with funding provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, U.S. Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or the Department of Commerce. NR 37 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 50 IS 3 BP 579 EP 593 DI 10.1175/2010JAMC2588.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 750PK UT WOS:000289560300008 ER PT J AU Shupe, MD Walden, VP Eloranta, E Uttal, T Campbell, JR Starkweather, SM Shiobara, M AF Shupe, Matthew D. Walden, Von P. Eloranta, Edwin Uttal, Taneil Campbell, James R. Starkweather, Sandra M. Shiobara, Masataka TI Clouds at Arctic Atmospheric Observatories. Part I: Occurrence and Macrophysical Properties SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADIATION PROPERTIES; REMOTE SENSORS; STRATUS CLOUDS; LIDAR; SURFACE; SHEBA; RADAR; MICROPHYSICS; RETRIEVALS; ALGORITHM AB Cloud observations over the past decade from six Arctic atmospheric observatories are investigated to derive estimates of cloud occurrence fraction, vertical distribution, persistence in time, diurnal cycle, and boundary statistics. Each observatory has some combination of cloud lidar, radar, ceilometer, and/or interferometer for identifying and characterizing clouds. By optimally combining measurements from these instruments, it is found that annual cloud occurrence fractions are 58%-83% at the Arctic observatories. There is a clear annual cycle wherein clouds are least frequent in the winter and most frequent in the late summer and autumn. Only in Eureka, Nunavut, Canada, is the annual cycle shifted such that the annual minimum is in the spring with the maximum in the winter. Intersite monthly variability is typically within 10%-15% of the all-site average. Interannual variability at specific sites is less than 13% for any given month and, typically, is less than 3% for annual total cloud fractions. Low-level clouds are most persistent at the observatories. The median cloud persistence for all observatories is 3-5 h; however, 5% of cloud systems at far western Arctic sites are observed to occur for longer than 100 consecutive hours. Weak diurnal variability in cloudiness is observed at some sites, with a daily minimum in cloud occurrence near solar noon for those seasons for which the sun is above the horizon for at least part of the day. C1 [Shupe, Matthew D.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Shupe, Matthew D.; Uttal, Taneil] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Walden, Von P.] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Eloranta, Edwin] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Campbell, James R.] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Starkweather, Sandra M.] Polar Field Serv Inc, Littleton, CO USA. [Shiobara, Masataka] Natl Inst Polar Res, Tokyo, Japan. RP Shupe, MD (reprint author), R-PSD3,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM matthew.shupe@colorado.edu RI Campbell, James/C-4884-2012; Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011 OI Campbell, James/0000-0003-0251-4550; Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982 FU National Science Foundation Arctic Observing Network [ARC 0632187, 0632177, 0612452]; Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER63965] FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation Arctic Observing Network Project (ARC 0632187, 0632177, and 0612452) and the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy (DE-FG02-05ER63965). Observational data used in this study were provided by the Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program, the NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), the Canadian Network for the Detection of Arctic Change (CANDAC), the University of Idaho, the University of Colorado, and the micropulse lidar network (MPLnet). We thank Karen Johnson, Connor Flynn, and David Turner for providing data streams for Barrow. NR 43 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 50 IS 3 BP 626 EP 644 DI 10.1175/2010JAMC2467.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 750PK UT WOS:000289560300011 ER PT J AU Shupe, MD AF Shupe, Matthew D. TI Clouds at Arctic Atmospheric Observatories. Part II: Thermodynamic Phase Characteristics SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-COLUMN MODEL; DOPPLER RADAR; BEAUFORT SEA; RESOLVING SIMULATIONS; AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS; MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; CLIMATE RESEARCH; LIQUID FRACTION; ICE CRYSTALS AB Cloud phase defines many cloud properties and determines the ways in which clouds interact with other aspects of the climate system. The occurrence fraction and characteristics of clouds distinguished by their phase are examined at three Arctic atmospheric observatories. Each observatory has the basic suite of instruments that are necessary to identify cloud phase, namely, cloud radar, depolarization lidar, microwave radiometer, and twice-daily radiosondes. At these observatories, ice clouds are more prevalent than mixed-phase clouds, which are more prevalent than liquid-only clouds. Cloud ice occurs 60%-70% of the time over a typical year, at heights up to 11 km. Liquid water occurs at temperatures above -40 degrees C and is increasingly more likely as temperatures increase. Within the temperature range from -40 degrees to -30 degrees C, liquid water occurs in 3%-5% of the observed cloudiness. Liquid water is found higher in the atmosphere when accompanied by ice; there are few liquid-only clouds above 3 km, although liquid in mixed-phase clouds occurs at heights up to about 7-8 km. Regardless of temperature or height, liquid water occurs 56% of the time at Barrow, Alaska, and at a western Arctic Ocean site, but only 32% of the time at Eureka, Nunavut, Canada. This significant difference in liquid occurrence is due to a relatively dry lower troposphere during summer at Eureka in addition to warmer cloud temperatures with more persistent liquid water layers at the far western locations. The most persistent liquid clouds at these locations occur continuously for more than 70 h in the autumn and more than 30 h in the winter. Ice clouds persist for much longer than do liquid clouds at Eureka and occur more frequently in the winter season, leading to a total cloud occurrence annual cycle that is distinct from the other observatories. C1 [Shupe, Matthew D.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Shupe, Matthew D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Shupe, MD (reprint author), R-PSD3,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM matthew.shupe@colorado.edu RI Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011 OI Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982 FU National Science Foundation Arctic Observing Network [ARC 0632187]; Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER63965] FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation Arctic Observing Network Project (ARC 0632187) and the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy (DE-FG02-05ER63965). Observational data used in this study were provided by the Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program, the NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory, and the Canadian Network for the Detection of Arctic Change. Karen Johnson, Connor Flynn, and David Turner are thanked for providing data from Barrow. Ed Eloranta and Taneil Uttal are thanked for providing observations from Eureka. NR 59 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 50 IS 3 BP 645 EP 661 DI 10.1175/2010JAMC2468.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 750PK UT WOS:000289560300012 ER PT J AU Gallo, K Hale, R Tarpley, D Yu, YY AF Gallo, Kevin Hale, Robert Tarpley, Dan Yu, Yunyue TI Evaluation of the Relationship between Air and Land Surface Temperature under Clear- and Cloudy-Sky Conditions SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOLAR AB Clear and cloudy daytime comparisons of land surface temperature (LST) and air temperature (Tair) were made for 14 stations included in the U. S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN) of stations from observations made from 2003 through 2008. Generally, LST was greater than Tair for both the clear and cloudy conditions; however, the differences between LST and Tair were significantly less for the cloudy-sky conditions. In addition, the relationships between LST and Tair displayed less variability under the cloudy-sky conditions than under clear-sky conditions. Wind speed, time of the observation of Tair and LST, season, the occurrence of precipitation at the time of observation, and normalized difference vegetation index values were all considered in the evaluation of the relationship between Tair and LST. Mean differences between LST and Tair of less than 2 degrees C were observed under cloudy conditions for the stations, as compared with a minimum difference of greater than 2 degrees C(and as great as 7+degrees C) for the clear-sky conditions. Under cloudy conditions, Tair alone explained over 94%-and as great as 98%-of the variance observed in LST for the stations included in this analysis, as compared with a range of 81%-93% for clear-sky conditions. Because of the relatively homogeneous land surface characteristics encouraged in the immediate vicinity of USCRN stations, and potential regional differences in surface features that might influence the observed relationships, additional analyses of the relationships between LST and Tair for additional regions and land surface conditions are recommended. C1 [Gallo, Kevin; Yu, Yunyue] NOAA, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Hale, Robert] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Tarpley, Dan] Short & Associates Inc, Chevy Chase, MD USA. RP Gallo, K (reprint author), USGS EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM kevin.p.gallo@noaa.gov RI Gallo, Kevin P./F-5588-2010; Yu, Yunyue/F-5636-2010 FU NOAA FX This study was partially supported by the NOAA GOES-R Program. The manuscript contents do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. government. NR 23 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 50 IS 3 BP 767 EP 775 DI 10.1175/2010JAMC2460.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 750PK UT WOS:000289560300020 ER PT J AU Cifelli, R Chandrasekar, V Lim, S Kennedy, PC Wang, Y Rutledge, SA AF Cifelli, R. Chandrasekar, V. Lim, S. Kennedy, P. C. Wang, Y. Rutledge, S. A. TI A New Dual-Polarization Radar Rainfall Algorithm: Application in Colorado Precipitation Events SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU VERIFICATION; DIFFERENTIAL PHASE; HYDROMETEOR CLASSIFICATION; REFLECTIVITY; WSR-88D; MODEL AB The efficacy of dual-polarization radar for quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) has been demonstrated in a number of previous studies. Specifically, rainfall retrievals using combinations of reflectivity (Z(h)), differential reflectivity (Z(dr)), and specific differential phase (K(dp)) have advantages over traditional Z-R methods because more information about the drop size distribution (DSD) and hydrometeor type are available. In addition, dual-polarization-based rain-rate estimators can better account for the presence of ice in the sampling volume. An important issue in dual-polarization rainfall estimation is determining which method to employ for a given set of polarimetric observables. For example, under what circumstances does differential phase information provide superior rain estimates relative to methods using reflectivity and differential reflectivity? At Colorado State University (CSU), an optimization algorithm has been developed and used for a number of years to estimate rainfall based on thresholds of Z(h), Z(dr), and K(dp). Although the algorithm has demonstrated robust performance in both tropical and midlatitude environments, results have shown that the retrieval is sensitive to the selection of the fixed thresholds. In this study, a new rainfall algorithm is developed using hydrometeor identification (HID) to guide the choice of the particular rainfall estimation algorithm. A separate HID algorithm has been developed primarily to guide the rainfall application with the hydrometeor classes, namely, all rain, mixed precipitation, and all ice. Both the data collected from the S-band Colorado State University-University of Chicago-Illinois State Water Survey (CSU-CHILL) radar and a network of rain gauges are used to evaluate the performance of the new algorithm in mixed rain and hail in Colorado. The evaluation is also performed using an algorithm similar to the one developed for the Joint Polarization Experiment (JPOLE). Results show that the new CSU HID-based algorithm provides good performance for the Colorado case studies presented here. C1 [Cifelli, R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Cifelli, R.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Chandrasekar, V.; Lim, S.; Wang, Y.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Comp & Elect Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kennedy, P. C.; Rutledge, S. A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Cifelli, R (reprint author), R-PSD2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM rob.cifelli@noaa.gov FU NASA Precipitation Measurement Mission (PMM) [NNX09AG49G]; National Science Foundation (NSF) under the CSU-CHILL [ATM 0735110] FX This work was supported by the NASA Precipitation Measurement Mission (PMM) Award NNX09AG49G and the National Science Foundation (NSF) under the CSU-CHILL award ATM 0735110. Kevin Stewart of the Denver Urban Drainage and Flood Control District provided assistance with the rain gauge data. The authors thank Scott Giangrande and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on the manuscript. NR 41 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 28 IS 3 BP 352 EP 364 DI 10.1175/2010JTECHA1488.1 PG 13 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 743VD UT WOS:000289045900004 ER PT J AU Gibert, F Koch, GJ Beyon, JY Hilton, TW Davis, KJ Andrews, A Flamant, PH Singh, UN AF Gibert, Fabien Koch, Grady J. Beyon, Jeffrey Y. Hilton, Timothy W. Davis, Kenneth J. Andrews, Arlyn Flamant, Pierre H. Singh, Upendra N. TI Can CO2 Turbulent Flux Be Measured by Lidar? A Preliminary Study SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; DIFFERENTIAL ABSORPTION; DOPPLER LIDAR; CARBON-DIOXIDE; MIXING-RATIO; WATER-VAPOR; (CO2)-C-12-O-16; OPTIMIZATION; STATISTICS; PARAMETERS AB The vertical profiling of CO2 turbulent fluxes in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is investigated using a coherent differential absorption lidar (CDIAL) operated nearby a tall tower in Wisconsin during June 2007. A CDIAL can perform simultaneous range-resolved CO2 DIAL and velocity measurements. The lidar eddy covariance technique is presented. The aims of the study are (i) an assessment of performance and current limitation of available CDIAL for CO2 turbulent fluxes and (ii) the derivation of instrument specifications to build a future CDIAL to perform accurate range-resolved CO2 fluxes. Experimental lidar CO2 mixing ratio and vertical velocity profiles are successfully compared with in situ sensors measurements. Time a.-id space integral scales of turbulence in the AB L are addressed that result in limitation for time averaging and range accumulation. A first attempt to infer CO2 fluxes using an eddy covariance technique with currently available 2-mu m CDIAL dataset is reported. C1 [Gibert, Fabien; Flamant, Pierre H.] Ecole Polytech, IPSL, LMD, Palaiseau, France. [Gibert, Fabien; Hilton, Timothy W.; Davis, Kenneth J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Koch, Grady J.; Beyon, Jeffrey Y.; Singh, Upendra N.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Andrews, Arlyn] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Gibert, F (reprint author), Ecole Polytech, IPSL, LMD, Palaiseau, France. EM fabien.gibert@lmd.polytechnique.fr RI Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012; OI Hilton, Timothy/0000-0001-9575-9850 FU NASA FX This research was funded by the NASA Instrument Incubator Program and NASA Laser Risk Reduction Program. We thank R. Strand and J. Ayers of the Wisconsin Educational Communications Board for hosting the lidar at the WLEF tower. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 28 IS 3 BP 365 EP 377 DI 10.1175/2010JTECHA1446.1 PG 13 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 743VD UT WOS:000289045900005 ER PT J AU Sharma, NCP Barnes, JE Kaplan, TB Clarke, AD AF Sharma, N. C. Parikh Barnes, John E. Kaplan, Trevor B. Clarke, Antony D. TI Coastal Aerosol Profiling with a Camera Lidar and Nephelometer SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SHORELINE ENVIRONMENT AEROSOL; INTEGRATING NEPHELOMETERS; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MARINE AEROSOL; INVERSION; RETRIEVAL; ALGORITHM; NETWORK; SEAS AB A bistatic lidar configuration of a wide-angle camera (100 degrees) and vertically pointed laser (532 nm) was used to profile aerosols at a coastal site. Aerosol profiles were measured on two evenings from the surface through the boundary layer. The site, on the eastern tip of the Big Island of Hawaii, is influenced by both marine boundary layer aerosols and breaking waves. Two nephelometers, located at 7 and 25 m above sea level, were compared directly with the 0.5-m-altitude resolution of the camera lidar (clidar). At 7 m, changes in aerosol were tracked quite well by the clidar. At 25 m the aerosol was fairly constant and a useful comparison could only be made with averaged values. The clidar results showed a steep gradient (decreasing with altitude) in the aerosol extinction from 7 to about 35 m. The gradient continued to 200 m at a lower rate. This demonstrated the use of the clidar in characterizing the environment for the in situ aerosol sampling. Both a measured and a NASA Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET)-derived aerosol phase function, representing similar marine conditions but from different locations, were used to convert the single-angle clidar scatter to extinction. The measured function gave the best fit to the near-surface nephelometer data. The extinction/backscatter ratio, derived by comparing the NASA Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aerosol optical depth to the integrated clidar profile, was higher than the long-term average value from the AERONET aerosol phase function. C1 [Sharma, N. C. Parikh] Cent Connecticut State Univ, Dept Phys & Earth Sci, New Britain, CT 06050 USA. [Barnes, John E.; Kaplan, Trevor B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Mauna Loa Observ, Hilo, HI USA. [Clarke, Antony D.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Sharma, NCP (reprint author), Cent Connecticut State Univ, Dept Phys & Earth Sci, 1615 Stanley St, New Britain, CT 06050 USA. EM sharmanim@ccsu.edu FU National Science Foundation [0320800]; NOAA; Office of Naval Research [N00140710031] FX We thank Narenda Sharma for help with the observations, J. P. Michoud for the loan of his DataRam nephelometer, and John Porter for phase function data. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant 0320800. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are the opinions of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. The work was also supported by NOAA and the Office of Naval Research (Grant N00140710031). NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 28 IS 3 BP 418 EP 425 DI 10.1175/2010JTECHA1482.1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 743VD UT WOS:000289045900010 ER PT J AU Conley, SA Faloona, IC Lenschow, DH Campos, T Heizer, C Weinheimer, A Cantrell, CA Mauldin, RL Hornbrook, RS Pollack, I Bandy, A AF Conley, Stephen A. Faloona, Ian C. Lenschow, Donald H. Campos, Teresa Heizer, Clifford Weinheimer, Andrew Cantrell, Christopher A. Mauldin, Roy L., III Hornbrook, Rebecca S. Pollack, Ilana Bandy, Alan TI A complete dynamical ozone budget measured in the tropical marine boundary layer during PASE SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Ozone; Marine boundary layer; Christmas Island; Tropics; Turbulence ID TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; EASTERN PACIFIC; SOUTH ATLANTIC; DRY DEPOSITION; DIURNAL CYCLES; TRACE GASES; CHEMISTRY; OCEAN AB The Pacific Atmospheric Sulfur Experiment (PASE) was a field mission that took place aboard the NCAR C-130 airborne laboratory over the equatorial Pacific Ocean near Christmas Island (Kirimati, Republic of Kiribati) during August-September, 2007. Eddy covariance measurements of the ozone fluxes at various altitudes above the ocean surface, along with simultaneous mapping of the horizontal gradients provided a unique opportunity to observe all of the dynamical components of the ozone budget in this remote marine environment. The results of six daytime and two sunrise flights indicate that vertical transport into the marine boundary layer from above and horizontal advection by the tradewinds are both important source terms, while photochemical destruction consisting of 82% photolysis (leading to OH production), 11% reaction with HO2, and 7% reaction with OH provides the main sink. The overall photochemical lifetime of ozone in the marine boundary layer was found to be 6.5 days. Ocean uptake of ozone was observed to be fairly slow (mean deposition velocity of 0.024 +/- 0.014 cm s(-1)) accounting for a diurnally averaged loss rate that was similar to 30% as large as the net photochemical destruction. From the measurement of deposition velocity an ozone reactivity of similar to 50 s(-1) in seawater is inferred. Due to the unprecedented measurement accuracy of the dynamical budget terms, unobserved photochemistry was able to be deduced, leading to the conclusion that 3.9 +/- 3.0 ppt (parts per trillion by volume) of NO is present on average in the daytime tropical marine boundary layer, broadly consistent with several previous studies in similar environments. It is estimated, however, that each ppt of BrO hypothetically present would counter each ppt of NO above the requisite 3.9 ppt needed for budget closure. The long-term budget of ozone is further analyzed in the buffer layer, between the boundary layer and free troposphere, and used to derive an entrainment velocity across the trade wind inversion of 0.51 +/- 0.38 cm s(-1). C1 [Conley, Stephen A.; Faloona, Ian C.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lenschow, Donald H.; Campos, Teresa; Heizer, Clifford; Weinheimer, Andrew; Cantrell, Christopher A.; Mauldin, Roy L., III; Hornbrook, Rebecca S.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Mauldin, Roy L., III] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki 00014, Finland. [Pollack, Ilana] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Bandy, Alan] Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Conley, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM saconley@ucdavis.edu RI Pollack, Ilana/F-9875-2012; OI Hornbrook, Rebecca/0000-0002-6304-6554; LENSCHOW, DONALD/0000-0003-4353-0098 FU National Science foundation [ATM-0627227] FX The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. This work was made possible through a grant from the Atmospheric Chemistry Program of the National Science foundation (ATM-0627227). NR 52 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7764 EI 1573-0662 J9 J ATMOS CHEM JI J. Atmos. Chem. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 68 IS 1 SI SI BP 55 EP 70 DI 10.1007/s10874-011-9195-0 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 908IV UT WOS:000301485000004 ER PT J AU Mahajan, S Saravanan, R Chang, P AF Mahajan, Salil Saravanan, R. Chang, Ping TI The Role of the Wind-Evaporation-Sea Surface Temperature (WES) Feedback as a Thermodynamic Pathway for the Equatorward Propagation of High-Latitude Sea Ice-Induced Cold Anomalies SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE; COMMUNITY CLIMATE MODEL; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; OCEAN; VARIABILITY; ATMOSPHERE; MIDLATITUDE; SIMULATION AB The role of the wind-evaporation-sea surface temperature (WES) feedback in the propagation of the high-latitude cooling signal to the tropical oceans using the NCAR atmospheric Community Climate Model (CCM3) coupled thermodynamically to a slab-ocean model (SOM) is studied. Abruptly imposed additional Northern Hemispheric sea ice cover equivalent to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 18 kyr BP) in the model causes a Northern Hemisphere wide cooling, as well as the generation and amplification of an anomalous cross-equatorial meridional SST dipole associated with a southward migration of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) stabilizing within a period of 5 yr. In experiments where the WES feedback is switched off explicitly by modifying the sensible and latent heat flux bulk aerodynamic formulations over the oceans in CCM3, imposed Northern Hemispheric sea ice also results in widespread northern cooling at the same rate as the unmodified run, suggesting that the WES feedback is not essential in the propagation of the high-latitude cooling signal to the deep tropics. However, the WES-off experiment generates a weaker cross-equatorial SST dipole with a modest southward movement of the ITCZ, suggesting that the WES feedback is responsible for amplifying SST and atmospheric anomalies in the deep tropics during their transition to the new equilibrium state. The propagation of high-latitude cooling to the deep tropics is proposed to be caused by the decrease of near-surface specific humidity in the northern tropics. C1 [Mahajan, Salil] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Saravanan, R.; Chang, Ping] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX USA. RP Mahajan, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM mahajans@ornl.gov RI Saravanan, Ramalingam/G-8879-2012; Chang, Ping /A-1642-2013; OI Saravanan, Ramalingam/0000-0002-0005-6907; Chang, Ping /0000-0002-9085-0759; Mahajan, Salil/0000-0001-5767-8590 FU NOAA [NA050AR4311136]; NSF [ATM-0337846] FX This work was supported by research grants from NOAA's CLIVAR Program (Project NA050AR4311136) and NSF's Climate Dynamics Program (ATM-0337846). We are grateful for the improvements suggested by anonymous reviewers. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR 1 PY 2011 VL 24 IS 5 BP 1350 EP 1361 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3455.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 743NQ UT WOS:000289025500003 ER PT J AU Fierro, AO Reisner, JM AF Fierro, Alexandre O. Reisner, Jon M. TI High-Resolution Simulation of the Electrification and Lightning of Hurricane Rita during the Period of Rapid Intensification SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSIFICATION; CONVECTIVE VERTICAL MOTIONS; INNER-CORE; PART I; INTENSE HURRICANES; DOPPLER RADAR; MODEL; EYEWALL; ICE; MICROPHYSICS AB In this paper, a high-resolution simulation establishing relationships between lightning and eyewall convection during the rapid intensification phase of Rita will be highlighted. The simulation is an attempt to relate simulated lightning activity within strong convective events (CEs) found within the eyewall and general storm properties for a case from which high-fidelity lightning observations are available. Specifically, the analysis focuses on two electrically active eyewall CEs that had properties similar to events observed by the Los Alamos Sferic Array. The numerically simulated CEs were characterized by updraft speeds exceeding 10 m s(-1), a relatively more frequent flash rate confined in a layer between 10 and 14 km, and a propagation speed that was about 10 m s(-1) less than of the local azimuthal flow in the eyewall. Within an hour of the first CE, the simulated minimum surface pressure dropped by approximately 5 nib. Concurrent with the pulse of vertical motions was a large uptake in lightning activity. This modeled relationship between enhanced vertical motions, a noticeable pressure drop, and heightened lightning activity suggests the utility of using lightning to remotely diagnose future changes in intensity of some tropical cyclones. Furthermore, given that the model can relate lightning activity to latent heat release, this functional relationship, once validated against a derived field produced by dual-Doppler radar data, could be used in the future to initialize eyewall convection via the introduction of latent heat and/or water vapor into a hurricane model. C1 [Fierro, Alexandre O.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Space & Remote Sensing Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fierro, AO (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Suite 2100,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM afierro@ou.edu RI Fierro, Alexandre/C-4733-2014 OI Fierro, Alexandre/0000-0002-4859-1255 FU National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy under DOE [W-7405-ENG-36, LA-UR-10-04291] FX This work was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of the Los Alamos National Laboratory, which is under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy under DOE Contracts W-7405-ENG-36 and LA-UR-10-04291. Computer resources were provided both by the Computing Division at Los Alamos and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Cray clusters. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Gary Barnes and one anonymous reviewer for providing helpful suggestions on an earlier version of the manuscript. Thanks also go out to Steve Guimond for providing the wind, radar, and environmental observations and to Dr. Edward "Ted" Mansell for his guidance toward the elaboration of the HIGRAD electrification model. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Robert Rogers at HRD, NOAA, for providing the Fortran subroutine that interpolates the model data from a Cartesian to a cylindrical grid. NR 62 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 68 IS 3 BP 477 EP 494 DI 10.1175/2010JAS3659.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 746CA UT WOS:000289218100006 ER PT J AU Gregory, JB Webster, LF Griffith, JF Stewart, JR AF Gregory, Jason B. Webster, Laura F. Griffith, John F. Stewart, Jill R. TI Improved detection and quantitation of norovirus from water SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Norovirus; Water quality; Enteric viruses; PCR inhibition; Competitive internal positive control; RT-qPCR ID REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; REAL-TIME PCR; WASTE-WATER; FECAL POLLUTION; HUMAN-POPULATIONS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ENTERIC VIRUSES; DRINKING-WATER; SURFACE WATERS AB Norovirus is associated commonly with human sewage and is responsible for numerous cases of waterborne and foodborne gastroenteritis every year. Assays using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) have been developed for norovirus, however, accurate detection and quantitation remain problematic owing to a lack of suitable positive controls. To improve enumeration of norovirus genomes from water, a synthetic norovirus genogroup II quantitation standard and competitive internal positive control were developed. The quantitation standard demonstrates identical amplification efficiency as wildtype norovirus and can be used as a viral surrogate in labs with restricted access to norovirus. The internal control quantifies sample inhibition, allowing for accurate quantitation of norovirus from complex environmental samples. Seawater samples spiked with sewage or bird guano were evaluated using the norovirus assay as part of a methods comparison study. Inhibition was detected in nine of 36 (25%) samples, two of which proved to be positive upon re-analysis. Results support the specificity of this assay for human-source (sewage) fecal contamination. Overall, use of this quantitation standard and internal control signify a great advance over traditional positive controls and suggest that molecular techniques for viral analysis could become standardized for routine water quality monitoring. (C) 2010 Elsevier BM. All rights reserved. C1 [Gregory, Jason B.; Webster, Laura F.; Stewart, Jill R.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Griffith, John F.] So Calif Coastal Water Res Project SCCWRP, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. [Gregory, Jason B.] Los Angeles Cty Sanit Dist, Carson, CA 90745 USA. [Stewart, Jill R.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Gregory, JB (reprint author), 24501 S Figueroa St, Carson, CA 90745 USA. EM jgregory@lacsd.org RI Griffith, John/B-6110-2011; Guan, Xiaokang/A-6675-2012 OI Griffith, John/0000-0002-9542-6519; FU NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative FX This work was funded in part from the NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative. NOAA does not approve, recommend or endorse any proprietary product or material mentioned in this publication. NR 50 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD MAR PY 2011 VL 172 IS 1-2 BP 38 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2010.12.011 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 728YB UT WOS:000287909300007 PM 21185870 ER PT J AU Wineland, DJ Leibfried, D AF Wineland, D. J. Leibfried, D. TI Quantum information processing and metrology with trapped ions SO LASER PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Review DE coherent quantum control; quantum information processing; quantum state control; trapped ions ID LASER-COOLED IONS; QUADRUPOLE STORAGE-RING; FREQUENCY STANDARD; COULOMB CRYSTALS; ENTANGLED STATES; ATOMIC IONS; PROJECTION NOISE; SINGLE-ATOM; PAUL TRAP; SPECTROSCOPY AB The use of trapped atomic ions in the field of quantum information processing is briefly reviewed. We summarize the basic mechanisms required for logic gates and the use of the gates in demonstrating simple algorithms. We discuss the potential of trapped ions to reach fault-tolerant error levels in a large-scale system, and highlight some of the problems that will be faced in achieving this goal. Possible near-term applications in applied and basic science, such as in metrology and quantum simulation, are briefly discussed. C1 [Wineland, D. J.; Leibfried, D.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wineland, DJ (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM djw@boulder.nist.gov FU IARPA; ONR; DARPA; NSA; NIST FX The trapped-ion work at NIST involves the contributions of many people; current and recent past group members include Jason Amini1, Jim Bergquist, Sarah Bickman2, Mike Biercuk3, Brad Blakestad4, John Bollinger, Ryan Bowler, Joe Britton, Kenton Brown, James Chou, Yves Colombe, Hua Guan5, David Hanneke, Jonathan Home6, David Hume7, Wayne Itano, John Jost, David Leibrandt, Yiheng Lin, Christian Ospelkaus, Till Rosenband, Mike Thorpe, Hermann Uys8, Aaron VanDevender, Ulrich Warring, Andrew Wilson and Jian Yao. We gratefully acknowledge support from IARPA, ONR, DARPA, NSA, and the NIST Quantum Information Program. We thank Yiheng Lin and Andrew Wilson for helpful comments on the manuscript. Publication of the US National Institute of Standards and Technology; not subject to US copyright. NR 209 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 45 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1612-2011 EI 1612-202X J9 LASER PHYS LETT JI Laser Phys. Lett. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 8 IS 3 BP 175 EP 188 DI 10.1002/lapl.201010125 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 730LB UT WOS:000288033700001 ER PT J AU Zabow, G Dodd, SJ Shapiro, E Moreland, J Koretsky, AP AF Zabow, Gary Dodd, Stephen J. Shapiro, Erik Moreland, John Koretsky, Alan P. TI Microfabricated High-Moment Micrometer-Sized MRI Contrast Agents SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE contrast agent; microfabrication; microparticle; nanoparticle; MPIO ID SINGLE MAMMALIAN-CELLS; IRON-OXIDE PARTICLES; SUSCEPTIBILITY ARTIFACTS; TRANSVERSE RELAXATION; MAGNETIZED SPHERES; CELLULAR MRI; SPIN-ECHO; RESOLUTION AB While chemically synthesized superparamagnetic microparticles have enabled much new research based on MRI tracking of magnetically labeled cells, signal-to-noise levels still limit the potential range of applications. Here it is shown how, through top-down microfabrication, contrast agent relaxivity can be increased several-fold, which should extend the sensitivity of such cell-tracking studies. Microfabricated agents can benefit from both higher magnetic moments and higher uniformity than their chemically synthesized counterparts, implying increased label visibility and more quantitative image analyses. To assess the performance of microfabricated micrometer-sized contrast agent particles, analytic models and numerical simulations are developed and tested against new microfabricated agents described in this article, as well as against results of previous imaging studies of traditional chemically synthesized microparticle agents. Experimental data showing signal effects of 500-nm thick, 2-mu m diameter, gold-coated iron and gold-coated nickel disks verify the simulations. Additionally, it is suggested that measures of location better than the pixel resolution can be obtained and that these are aided using well-defined contrast agent particles achievable through microfabrication techniques. Magn Reson Med 65:645-655, 2011. (c) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Zabow, Gary; Dodd, Stephen J.; Koretsky, Alan P.] NINDS, Lab Funct & Mol Imaging, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Zabow, Gary; Moreland, John] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Shapiro, Erik] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Diagnost Radiol, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. RP Zabow, G (reprint author), NINDS, Lab Funct & Mol Imaging, NIH, 10 Ctr Dr,MSC 1065,Bldg 10,Room B1D728, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM zabowg@ninds.nih.gov RI Koretsky, Alan/C-7940-2015 OI Koretsky, Alan/0000-0002-8085-4756 FU NINDS NIH FX Grant sponsor: NINDS NIH Intramural Research Program. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0740-3194 J9 MAGN RESON MED JI Magn. Reson. Med. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 65 IS 3 BP 645 EP 655 DI 10.1002/mrm.22647 PG 11 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 729DW UT WOS:000287929800006 PM 20928829 ER PT J AU Aberson, SD Majumdar, SJ Reynolds, CA Etherton, BJ AF Aberson, Sim D. Majumdar, Sharanya J. Reynolds, Carolyn A. Etherton, Brian J. TI An Observing System Experiment for Tropical Cyclone Targeting Techniques Using the Global Forecast System SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID HURRICANE SYNOPTIC SURVEILLANCE; ADAPTIVE OBSERVATIONS; ENSEMBLE TRANSFORM; PREDICTION SYSTEM; SINGULAR VECTORS; GUIDANCE; MODEL; PERTURBATIONS; DOTSTAR; IMPACT AB In 1997, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Hurricane Center and the Hurricane Research Division began operational synoptic surveillance missions with the Gulfstream IV-SP jet aircraft to improve the numerical guidance for hurricanes that threaten the continental United States, Puerto Rico. the U.S. Virgin Islands, and Hawaii. The dropwindsonde observations from these missions were processed and formatted aboard the aircraft and sent to the National Centers for Environmental Prediction and the Global Telecommunications System to be ingested into the Global Forecasting System. which serves as initial and boundary conditions for regional numerical models that also forecast tropical cyclone track and intensity. As a result of limited aircraft resources, optimal observing strategies for these missions are investigated. An Observing System Experiment in which different configurations of the dropwindsonde data based on three targeting techniques (ensemble variance, ensemble transform Kalman filter, and total energy singular vectors) are assimilated into the model system was conducted. All three techniques show some promise in obtaining maximal forecast improvements while limiting flight time and expendables. The data taken within and around the regions specified by the total energy singular vectors provide the largest forecast improvements, though the sample size is too small to make any operational recommendations. Case studies show that the impact of dropwindsonde data obtained either outside of fully sampled, or within nonfully sampled target regions is generally, though not always, small; this suggests that the techniques are able to discern in which regions extra observations will impact the particular forecast. C1 [Aberson, Sim D.] NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Majumdar, Sharanya J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Reynolds, Carolyn A.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Etherton, Brian J.] Univ N Carolina, Renaissance Comp Inst, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Aberson, SD (reprint author), NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM sim.aberson@noaa.gov RI Aberson, Sim/C-4891-2013; Etherton, Brian/E-7419-2015; OI Aberson, Sim/0000-0002-3670-0100; Etherton, Brian/0000-0002-2760-0095; Reynolds, Carolyn/0000-0003-4690-4171 FU ONR [PE-0601153N]; Joint Hurricane Testbed FX The first author thanks NCEP/EMC for help in running the models and in providing the computer resources to make this study possible. Bob Kohler and Bill Barry provided computer support at HRD. Altug Aksoy, Sundararaman Gopalakrishnan, Mike Jankulak, Tomislava Vukicevic, and an anonymous reviewer improved previous versions of this manuscript. The authors thank the NOAA/Aircraft Operations Center (AOC) flight crews, AOC G-IV project manager Jack Parrish, and HRD personnel who participated in the flights, in addition to Air Force C-130 crews that also provided surveillance data over the years. CAR gratefully acknowledges the support from the sponsor, ONR PE-0601153N, and computer resources provided by the Department of Defense High-performance Computing program. The Joint Hurricane Testbed funded SJM and BJE for some of this work. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 139 IS 3 BP 895 EP 907 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3397.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 744UQ UT WOS:000289120600012 ER PT J AU Weissmann, M Harnisch, F Wu, CC Lin, PH Ohta, Y Yamashita, K Kim, YH Jeon, EH Nakazawa, T Aberson, S AF Weissmann, Martin Harnisch, Florian Wu, Chun-Chieh Lin, Po-Hsiung Ohta, Yoichiro Yamashita, Koji Kim, Yeon-Hee Jeon, Eun-Hee Nakazawa, Tetsuo Aberson, Sim TI The Influence of Assimilating Dropsonde Data on Typhoon Track and Midlatitude Forecasts SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID 4-DIMENSIONAL VARIATIONAL ASSIMILATION; ECMWF OPERATIONAL IMPLEMENTATION; HURRICANE SYNOPTIC SURVEILLANCE; TARGETED OBSERVATIONS; DROPWINDSONDE DATA; DOTSTAR; SYSTEM; IMPACT; GUIDANCE; PHYSICS AB A unique dataset of targeted dropsonde observations was collected during The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX) Pacific Asian Regional Campaign (T-PARC) in the autumn of 2008. The campaign was supplemented by an enhancement of the operational Dropsonde Observations for Typhoon Surveillance near the Taiwan Region (DOTSTAR) program. For the first time, up to four different aircraft were available for typhoon observations and over 1500 additional soundings were collected. This study investigates the influence of assimilating additional observations during the two major typhoon events of T-PARC on the typhoon track forecast by the global models of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), and the limited-area Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Additionally, the influence of T-PARC observations on ECMWF midlatitude forecasts is investigated. All models show an improving tendency of typhoon track forecasts, but the degree of improvement varied from about 20% to 40% in NCEP and WRF to a comparably low influence in ECMWF and JMA. This is likely related to lower track forecast errors without dropsondes in the latter two models, presumably caused by a more extensive use of satellite data and four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4D-Var) of ECMWF and JMA compared to three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3D-Var) of NCEP and WRF. The different behavior of the models emphasizes that the benefit gained strongly depends on the quality of the first-guess field and the assimilation system. C1 [Weissmann, Martin; Harnisch, Florian] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Atmospher Phys, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Wu, Chun-Chieh; Lin, Po-Hsiung] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Ohta, Yoichiro; Yamashita, Koji] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Tokyo, Japan. [Kim, Yeon-Hee; Jeon, Eun-Hee] Korea Meteorol Agcy, Natl Inst Meteorol Res, Seoul, South Korea. [Nakazawa, Tetsuo] Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. [Aberson, Sim] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Weissmann, M (reprint author), DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, Munchner Str 20, D-82230 Wessling, Germany. EM martin.weissmann@dlr.de RI Aberson, Sim/C-4891-2013; Weissmann, Martin/C-9084-2013; nakazawa, tetsuo/P-9063-2014; OI Aberson, Sim/0000-0002-3670-0100; LIN, PO-HSIUNG/0000-0002-6410-6221; Wu, Chun-Chieh/0000-0002-3612-4537 FU United States (National Science Foundation); United States (Office of Naval Research); United States (Naval Research Laboratory); United States (U.S. Air Force); Germany (DLR, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe); Japan (JMA); Korea (National Institute of Meteorological Research); Canada (Environment Canada); National Science Council of Taiwan; United States Office of Naval Research; Central Weather Bureau Taiwan FX The dropsonde data were collected as part of T-PARC, TCS-08, and DOTSTAR. T-PARC and TCS-08 were sponsored by an international consortium from the United States (National Science Foundation, Office of Naval Research, Naval Research Laboratory, and U.S. Air Force), Germany (DLR, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe), Japan (JMA), Korea (National Institute of Meteorological Research), and Canada (Environment Canada). The role of the National Center for Atmospheric Research's Earth Observing Laboratory (NCAR EOL) for campaign and data management is acknowledged. DOTSTAR is funded by the National Science Council of Taiwan, the United States Office of Naval Research, and the Central Weather Bureau Taiwan. The authors are thankful to all people who contributed to the successful realization of T-PARC, TCS-08, and DOTSTAR. The efforts of U. Schumann, D. Parsons, P. Han-, and S. Jones were crucial to bring the Falcon to T-PARC. We acknowledge the tireless efforts of the crews of the 53rd Weather Reconnaissance Squadron/Air Force Reserve Command, the NRL Scientific Development Squadron ONE (VXS-1), the DLR Falcon, and the DOTSTAR aircraft. The GFS was run with the help of the NCEP Environmental Modeling Center (EMC) who also provided computer resources. B. Kohler, P. Leighton, and B. Barry provided computer support at HRD. NR 24 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 139 IS 3 BP 908 EP 920 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3377.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 744UQ UT WOS:000289120600013 ER PT J AU Halliwell, GR Shay, LK Brewster, JK Teague, WJ AF Halliwell, G. R., Jr. Shay, L. K. Brewster, J. K. Teague, W. J. TI Evaluation and Sensitivity Analysis of an Ocean Model Response to Hurricane Ivan SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; MIXED-LAYER RESPONSE; VERTICAL DIFFUSIVITIES; PREDICTION SYSTEM; CLOSURE-MODEL; PART I; HEAT AB An ocean model response to Hurricane Ivan (2004) over the northwest Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico is evaluated to guide strategies for improving performance during strong forcing events in a region with energetic ocean features with the ultimate goal of improving coupled tropical cyclone forecasts. Based on prior experience, a control experiment is performed using quasi-optimal choices of initial ocean fields, atmospheric forcing fields, air-sea flux parameterizations, vertical mixing parameterizations, and both horizontal and vertical resolutions. Alternate experiments are conducted by altering one single model attribute and comparing the results to SST analyses and moored ADCP current measurements to quantify the sensitivity to that attribute and identify where to concentrate model improvement efforts. Atmospheric forcing that does not resolve the eye and eyewall of the storm (scales > 10 km) substantially degrades the ocean response. Ordering other model attributes from greatest to least sensitivity, ocean model initialization with regard to the accuracy of upper-ocean temperature-salinity profiles along with accurate location of ocean currents and eddies is the most important factor for ensuring good ocean model performance. Ocean dynamics ranks second in this energetic ocean region because a one-dimensional ocean model fails to capture important physical processes that affect SST cooling. Wind stress drag coefficient parameterizations that yield values exceeding 2.5 X 10(-3) at high wind speeds or that remain < 2.0 x 10(-3) over all wind speeds reduce the realism of wind-driven current profiles and have a large impact on both SST cooling and the heat flux from ocean to atmosphere. Turbulent heat flux drag coefficient parameterizations substantially impact the surface heat flux while having little impact on SST cooling, which is primarily controlled by entrainment at the mixed layer base. Vertical mixing parameterizations have a moderate impact on SST cooling but a comparatively larger impact on surface heat flux. The impacts of altering the horizontal and vertical resolutions are small, with horizontal resolution of approximate to 10 km and vertical resolution of approximate to 10 m in the mixed layer being adequate. Optimal choices of all attributes for simulating the ocean response to Ivan are identified. C1 [Halliwell, G. R., Jr.; Shay, L. K.; Brewster, J. K.] Univ Miami, MPO RSMAS, Miami, FL USA. [Teague, W. J.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Halliwell, GR (reprint author), NOAA AOML PhOD, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM george.halliwell@noaa.gov RI Halliwell, George/B-3046-2011 OI Halliwell, George/0000-0003-4216-070X FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA17RJ1226]; National Science Foundation [ATM0444525]; Office of Naval Research [0601153N] FX This work was sponsored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Grant NA17RJ1226) and the National Science Foundation (Grant ATM0444525). The daily Reynolds blended SST maps were obtained online (http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/research/sst/description.php). The Office of Naval Research supported the Naval Research Laboratory's basic research project "Slope to Shelf Energetics and Exchange Dynamics" (SEED) under Program Element 0601153N. NR 58 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 139 IS 3 BP 921 EP 945 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3104.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 744UQ UT WOS:000289120600014 ER PT J AU Lin, YL Colle, BA AF Lin, Yanluan Colle, Brian A. TI A New Bulk Microphysical Scheme That Includes Riming Intensity and Temperature-Dependent Ice Characteristics SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID 2001 IMPROVE-2 EVENT; OROGRAPHIC PRECIPITATION EVENT; MESOSCALE MODEL SIMULATION; PART I; CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; TERMINAL VELOCITIES; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; EXPLICIT FORECASTS; POSITIVE-DEFINITE; WATER-CONTENT AB A new bulk microphysiCal parameterization (BMP) scheme is presented that includes a diagnosed riming intensity and its impact on ice characteristics. As a result, the new scheme represents a continuous spectrum from pristine ice particles to heavily rimed particles and graupel using one prognostic variable [precipitating ice (PI)] rather than two separate variables (snow and graupel). In contrast to most existing parameterization schemes that use fixed empirical relationships to describe ice particles, general formulations are proposed to consider the influences of riming intensity and temperature on the projected area, mass, and fall velocity of PI particles. The proposed formulations are able to cover the variations of empirical coefficients found in previous observational studies. The new scheme also reduces the number of parameterized microphysical processes by similar to 50% as compared to conventional six-category BMPs and thus it is more computationally efficient. The new scheme (called SBU-YLIN) has been implemented in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and compared with three other schemes for two events during the Improvement of Microphysical Parameterization through Observational Verification Experiment (IMPROVE-2) over the central Oregon Cascades. The new scheme produces surface precipitation forecasts comparable to more complicated BMPs. The new scheme reduces the snow amounts aloft as compared to other WRF schemes and compares better with observations, especially for an event with moderate riming aloft. Sensitivity tests suggest both reduced snow depositional growth rate and more efficient fallout due to the contribution of riming to the reduction of ice water content aloft in the new scheme, with a larger impact from the partially rimed snow and fallout. C1 [Lin, Yanluan; Colle, Brian A.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Lin, YL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, Forrestal Campus,POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM yanluan.lin@noaa.gov RI lin, yanluan/A-6333-2015 FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0450444, 0908288]; Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (Grants ATM-0450444 and 0908288) and the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy (Lin). We thank Drs. Christopher Woods and David Kingsmill for processing the Convair and NOAA P-3 microphysical data. We appreciate the constructive comments by Drs. Yangang Liu, Greg Thompson, and Hugh Morrison. Use of WRF was made possible by the Microscale and Mesoscale Meteorological Division of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), which is supported by the National Science Foundation. Comments from four anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. NR 78 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 139 IS 3 BP 1013 EP 1035 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3293.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 744UQ UT WOS:000289120600019 ER PT J AU Lin, YL Donner, LJ Colle, BA AF Lin, Yanluan Donner, Leo J. Colle, Brian A. TI Parameterization of Riming Intensity and Its Impact on Ice Fall Speed Using ARM Data SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; INCLUDING MASS FLUXES; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; MICROPHYSICAL PROCESSES; PRECIPITATION PARTICLES; ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION; TERMINAL VELOCITIES; CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; DOPPLER RADAR; PART I AB Riming within mixed-phase clouds can have a large impact on the prediction of clouds and precipitation within weather and climate models. The increase of ice particle fall speed due to riming has not been considered in most general circulation models (GCMs), and many weather models only consider ice particles that are either unrimed or heavily rimed (not a continuum of riming amount). Using the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program dataset at the Southern Great Plains (SGP) site of the United States, a new parameterization for riming is derived, which includes a diagnosed rimed mass fraction and its impact on the ice particle fall speed. When evaluated against a vertical-pointing Doppler radar for stratiform mixed-phase clouds, the new parameterization produces better ice fall speeds than a conventional parameterization. The new parameterization is tested in the recently developed Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) atmospheric model (AM3) using prescribed sea surface temperature (SST) simulations. Compared with the standard (CTL) simulation, the new parameterization increases ice amount aloft by similar to 20%-30% globally, which reduces the global mean outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) by similar to 2.8 W m(-2) and the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) shortwave absorption by similar to 1.5 W m(-2). Global mean precipitation is also slightly reduced, especially over the tropics. Overall, the new parameterization produces a comparable climatology with the CTL simulation and it improves the physical basis for using a fall velocity larger than a conventional parameterization in the current AM3. C1 [Lin, Yanluan; Donner, Leo J.] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Lin, Yanluan] Univ Corp Atmospheric Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Colle, Brian A.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Lin, YL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, Forrestal Campus,POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM yanluan.lin@noaa.gov RI lin, yanluan/A-6333-2015 FU Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation [ATM-0908288]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Environmental Science Division FX This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, and the National Science Foundation ATM-0908288 (Colle). Data were obtained from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Environmental Science Division. We thank Yi Ming and Song-Miao Fan for helpful discussions and comments on the manuscript. We appreciate the constructive comments by the three reviewers to help improve the manuscript. NR 52 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 139 IS 3 BP 1036 EP 1047 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3299.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 744UQ UT WOS:000289120600020 ER PT J AU Albert, JNL Bogart, TD Lewis, RL Beers, KL Fasolka, MJ Hutchison, JB Vogt, BD Epps, TH AF Albert, Julie N. L. Bogart, Timothy D. Lewis, Ronald L. Beers, Kathryn L. Fasolka, Michael J. Hutchison, J. Brian Vogt, Bryan D. Epps, Thomas H., III TI Gradient Solvent Vapor Annealing of Block Copolymer Thin Films Using a Microfluidic Mixing Device SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Gradients; solvent vapor annealing; block copolymer; thin film; self-assembly; microfluidic; mixing tree; nanostructure ID DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; SURFACE; ORIENTATION; ARRAYS; LITHOGRAPHY; POLYMERS; BRUSHES; MICROSTRUCTURE; MORPHOLOGIES AB Solvent vapor annealing (SVA) with solvent mixtures is a promising approach for controlling block copolymer thin film self-assembly. In this work, we present the design and fabrication of a solvent-resistant microfluiclic mixing device to produce discrete SVA gradients in solvent composition and/or total solvent concentration. Using this device, we identified solvent composition dependent morphology transformations in poly(styrene-b-isoprene-b-styrene) films. This device enables faster and more robust exploration of SVA parameter space, providing insight into self-assembly phenomena. C1 [Albert, Julie N. L.; Bogart, Timothy D.; Lewis, Ronald L.; Epps, Thomas H., III] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Beers, Kathryn L.; Fasolka, Michael J.; Hutchison, J. Brian; Vogt, Bryan D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Epps, TH (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM thepps@udel.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Epps, Thomas/B-7337-2012 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMR-0645586]; NSF CRIF: MU [CHE 0840401] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) through DMR-0645586 and an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship to J.N.LA 1H NMR spectra were obtained with instrumentation supported by NSF CRIF: MU, CHE 0840401. We acknowledge the W. M. Keck Electron Microscopy Facility for use of their atomic force microscopes. We also thank Dr. B. M. Vogel (Bucknell University) and J. F. Elman (Filmetrics, Inc.) for insightful discussions. NR 67 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 9 U2 80 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 11 IS 3 BP 1351 EP 1357 DI 10.1021/nl104496r PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 730UY UT WOS:000288061500076 PM 21306128 ER PT J AU Point, D Sonke, JE Day, RD Roseneau, DG Hobson, KA Vander Pol, SS Moors, AJ Pugh, RS Donard, OFX Becker, PR AF Point, D. Sonke, J. E. Day, R. D. Roseneau, D. G. Hobson, K. A. Vander Pol, S. S. Moors, A. J. Pugh, R. S. Donard, O. F. X. Becker, P. R. TI Methylmercury photodegradation influenced by sea-ice cover in Arctic marine ecosystems SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MASS-INDEPENDENT FRACTIONATION; ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; MERCURY ISOTOPES; STABLE-ISOTOPES; TEMPORAL TRENDS; SURFACE WATERS; BELUGA WHALES; DEPOSITION; EXPOSURE; HABITAT AB Atmospheric deposition of mercury to remote areas has increased threefold since pre-industrial times. Mercury deposition is particularly pronounced in the Arctic. Following deposition to surface oceans and sea ice, mercury can be converted into methylmercury, a biologically accessible form of the toxin, which biomagnifies along the marine food chain. Mass-independent fractionation of mercury isotopes accompanies the photochemical breakdown of methylmercury to less bioavailable forms in surface waters. Here we examine the isotopic composition of mercury in seabird eggs collected from colonies in the North Pacific Ocean, the Bering Sea and the western Arctic Ocean, to determine geographical variations in methylmercury breakdown at northern latitudes. We find evidence for mass-independent fractionation of mercury isotopes. The degree of mass-independent fractionation declines with latitude. Foraging behaviour and geographic variations in mercury sources and solar radiation fluxes were unable to explain the latitudinal gradient. However, mass-independent fractionation was negatively correlated with sea-ice cover. We conclude that sea-ice cover impedes the photochemical breakdown of methylmercury in surface waters, and suggest that further loss of Arctic sea ice this century will accelerate sunlight-induced breakdown of methylmercury in northern surface waters. C1 [Point, D.; Day, R. D.; Vander Pol, S. S.; Moors, A. J.; Pugh, R. S.; Becker, P. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Point, D.; Sonke, J. E.] Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, UMR 5563, Observ Midi Pyrenees,LMTG,UMR IRD 154, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Roseneau, D. G.] Alaska Maritime Natl Wildlife Refuge, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Homer, AK 99603 USA. [Hobson, K. A.] Environm Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. [Donard, O. F. X.] CNRS, UMR 5254, Equipe Chim Analyt BioInorgan & Environm, Inst Pluridisciplinaire Rech Environm & Mat, F-64053 Pau, France. RP Point, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM david.point@lmtg.obs-mip.fr OI Point, David/0000-0002-5218-7781 FU NIST; French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; French Agence Nationale de Recherche [ANR-09-JCJC-0035-01] FX The samples used in this study were obtained from the Marine Environmental Specimen Bank (MESB) through the Seabird Tissue Archival and Monitoring Project (STAMP), a long-term collaborative effort by the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge (AMNWR), the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the US Geological Survey Biological Resources Division (USGS-BRD) and the Bureau of Indian Affairs Alaska Region Subsistence Branch (BIA-ARSB). We thank AMNWR and University of Alaska-Fairbanks (UAF) biologists, members of the St George Traditional Council, the Native Village of Point Hope IRA Council and residents of St George, Savoonga and Point Hope for collecting the eggs. We also thank K. S. Simac (USGS-BRD) for processing the eggs, M. B. Ellisor (NIST) for cryohomogenizing and banking the eggs and F. Poitrasson and Y. Godderis for providing helpful comments on the manuscript. This work is part of International Polar Year (IPY) Research Activity No. 439 'MERSAM' (MERcury Seabird Arctic Monitoring). Financial support for this research was provided by NIST, the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, and Research Grant ANR-09-JCJC-0035-01 from the French Agence Nationale de Recherche. NR 49 TC 65 Z9 70 U1 3 U2 61 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 4 IS 3 BP 188 EP 194 DI 10.1038/NGEO1049 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 727LU UT WOS:000287802300020 ER PT J AU Jiang, YY Ludlow, AD Lemke, ND Fox, RW Sherman, JA Ma, LS Oates, CW AF Jiang, Y. Y. Ludlow, A. D. Lemke, N. D. Fox, R. W. Sherman, J. A. Ma, L. -S. Oates, C. W. TI Making optical atomic clocks more stable with 10(-16)-level laser stabilization SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT Article ID LATTICE CLOCK; THERMAL-NOISE; FREQUENCY; STABILITY; CAVITIES AB The superb precision of an atomic clock is derived from its stability. Atomic clocks based on optical (rather than microwave) frequencies are attractive because of their potential for high stability, which scales with operational frequency. Nevertheless, optical clocks have not yet realized this vast potential, due in large part to limitations of the laser used to excite the atomic resonance. To address this problem, we demonstrate a cavity-stabilized laser system with a reduced thermal noise floor, exhibiting a fractional frequency instability of 2 x 10(-16). We use this laser as a stable optical source in a ytterbium optical lattice clock to resolve an ultranarrow 1 Hz linewidth for the 518 THz clock transition. With the stable laser source and the signal-to-noise ratio afforded by the ytterbium optical clock, we dramatically reduce key stability limitations of the clock, and make measurements consistent with a clock instability of 5 x 10(-16)/root tau. C1 [Jiang, Y. Y.; Ludlow, A. D.; Lemke, N. D.; Fox, R. W.; Sherman, J. A.; Oates, C. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Jiang, Y. Y.; Ma, L. -S.] E China Normal Univ, State Key Lab Precis Spect, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Lemke, N. D.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Jiang, YY (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ludlow@boulder.nist.gov RI Sherman, Jeffrey/G-3006-2011; Lemke, Nathan/L-9059-2013 OI Lemke, Nathan/0000-0003-4165-0715 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2010CB922903]; Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality [07JC14019] FX The authors acknowledge support regarding optical frequency comb measurements from S. Diddams, T. Fortier and M. Kirchner, optical cavity measurement and equipment loan from J. Bergquist, T. Rosenband and C. Chou, and useful discussions with J. Bergquist and G. Santarelli. The authors also thank L. Hollberg for design guidance and useful discussions. Y.Y.J. and L.S.M. acknowledge support from the National Basic Research Program of China (grant no. 2010CB922903) and the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (grant no. 07JC14019). NR 28 TC 197 Z9 211 U1 7 U2 82 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 3 BP 158 EP 161 DI 10.1038/NPHOTON.2010.313 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 727KT UT WOS:000287798900017 ER PT J AU Jung, SY Rutter, GM Klimov, NN Newell, DB Calizo, I Walker, ARH Zhitenev, NB Stroscio, JA AF Jung, Suyong Rutter, Gregory M. Klimov, Nikolai N. Newell, David B. Calizo, Irene Walker, Angela R. Hight Zhitenev, Nikolai B. Stroscio, Joseph A. TI Evolution of microscopic localization in graphene in a magnetic field from scattering resonances to quantum dots SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TUNNELING SPECTROSCOPY; EPITAXIAL GRAPHENE; DIRAC-FERMIONS; SYSTEMS; STATES AB Graphene exhibits rich new physics and great promise for applications in electronics. The half-integer quantum Hall effect and high carrier mobility are critically dependent on interactions with impurities/substrates and localization of Dirac fermions in realistic devices. We microscopically study these interactions using scanning tunnelling spectroscopy (STS) of exfoliated graphene on a SiO2 substrate in an applied magnetic field. The magnetic field strongly affects the electronic behaviour of the graphene; the states condense into well-defined Landau levels with a dramatic change in the character of localization. In zero magnetic field, weakly localized states are created by the substrate induced disorder potential. In strong magnetic fields, the two-dimensional electron gas breaks into a network of interacting quantum dots formed at the potential hills and valleys of the disorder potential. Our results demonstrate how graphene properties are perturbed by the disorder potential; a finding essential for the physics and applications of graphene. C1 [Jung, Suyong; Rutter, Gregory M.; Klimov, Nikolai N.; Zhitenev, Nikolai B.; Stroscio, Joseph A.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jung, Suyong; Klimov, Nikolai N.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Klimov, Nikolai N.; Newell, David B.] NIST, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Calizo, Irene; Walker, Angela R. Hight] NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jung, SY (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nikolai.zhitenev@nist.gov; joseph.stroscio@nist.gov RI Zhitenev, Nikolai/N-1780-2014; Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009 OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672 NR 29 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 3 U2 55 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 EI 1745-2481 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 7 IS 3 BP 245 EP 251 DI 10.1038/NPHYS1866 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 728AC UT WOS:000287844300025 ER PT J AU Cingoz, A Yost, DC Allison, TK Ruehl, A Fermann, ME Hartl, I Ye, J AF Cingoez, A. Yost, D. C. Allison, T. K. Ruehl, A. Fermann, M. E. Hartl, I. Ye, J. TI Broadband phase noise suppression in a Yb-fiber frequency comb SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MODE-LOCKED LASERS; INTENSITY-NOISE; ULTRAVIOLET; JITTER AB We report a simple technique to suppress high-frequency phase noise of a Yb-based fiber optical frequency comb using an active intensity noise servo. Out-of-loop measurements of the phase noise using an optical heterodyne beat with a cw laser show suppression of phase noise by >= 7 dB out to Fourier frequencies of 100 kHz with a unity-gain crossing of similar to 700 kHz. These results are enabled by the strong correlation between the intensity and phase noise of the laser. Detailed measurements of intensity and phase noise spectra, as well as transfer functions, reveal that the dominant phase and intensity noise contribution above similar to 100 kHz is due to amplified spontaneous emission or other quantum noise sources. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Cingoez, A.; Yost, D. C.; Allison, T. K.; Ye, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cingoez, A.; Yost, D. C.; Allison, T. K.; Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ruehl, A.; Fermann, M. E.; Hartl, I.] IMRA Amer Inc, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Cingoz, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM acingoz@jila.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA); National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); National Science Foundation (NSF); Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (Germany) FX We acknowledge helpful discussions with T. R. Schibli. This research is funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and the National Science Foundation (NSF). A. Cingoz and T. K. Allison are National Research Council postdoctoral fellows. A. Ruchl acknowledges funding from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (Germany). NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 20 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 2011 VL 36 IS 5 BP 743 EP 745 DI 10.1364/OL.36.000743 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 728ZH UT WOS:000287912500050 PM 21368968 ER PT J AU Churnside, JH Brown, ED Parker-Stetter, S Horne, JK Hunt, GL Hillgruber, N Sigler, MF Vollenweider, JJ AF Churnside, James H. Brown, Evelyn D. Parker-Stetter, Sandra Horne, John K. Hunt, George L., Jr. Hillgruber, Nicola Sigler, Michael F. Vollenweider, Johanna J. TI Airborne Remote Sensing of a Biological Hot Spot in the Southeastern Bering Sea SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE ecological hot spots; aerial surveys; lidar; remote sensing; fisheries acoustics; marine food chains; seabirds; marine mammals; forage fish; Bering Sea; SAR ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; CENTRAL ALEUTIAN ISLANDS; SHORT-TAILED SHEARWATERS; NORTH PACIFIC; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; FORAGING ECOLOGY; HABITAT HOTSPOTS; FISH SCHOOLS; LIDAR; OCEAN AB Intense, ephemeral foraging events within localized hot spots represent important trophic transfers to top predators in marine ecosystems, though the spatial extent and temporal overlap of predators and prey are difficult to observe using traditional methods. The southeastern Bering Sea has high marine productivity along the shelf break, especially near marine canyons. At a hot spot located near Bering Canyon, we observed three foraging events over a 12 day period in June 2005. These were located by aerial surveys, quantified by airborne lidar and visual counts, and characterized by ship-based acoustics and net catches. Because of the high density of seabirds, the events could be seen in images from space-based synthetic aperture radar. The events developed at the shelf slope, adjacent to passes between the Aleutian Islands, persisted for 1 to 8 days, then abruptly disappeared. Build-up and break down of the events occurred on 24 hr time scales, and diameters ranged from 10 to 20 km. These events comprised large concentrations of euphausiids, copepods, herring, other small pelagic fishes, humpback whales, Dall's porpoise, short-tailed shearwaters, northern fulmars, and other pelagic seabirds. The lidar and acoustic remote sensing data demonstrated that prey densities inside the events were several times higher than those outside, indicating the importance of including events in forage fish surveys. This implies a need for either very intensive traditional surveys covering large expanses or for adaptive surveys guided by remote sensing. To our knowledge, this is the first time that an Alaskan hot spot was monitored with the combination of airborne and satellite remote sensing. C1 [Churnside, James H.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Brown, Evelyn D.] Flying Fish Ltd, Husum, WA 98623 USA. [Parker-Stetter, Sandra; Horne, John K.; Hunt, George L., Jr.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hillgruber, Nicola] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Sigler, Michael F.; Vollenweider, Johanna J.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Churnside, JH (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM james.h.churnside@noaa.gov; flyingfishltd@embarqmail.com; slps@u.washington.edu; jhorne@u.washington.edu; geohunt2@uw.edu; nhillgruber@alaska.edu; mike.sigler@noaa.gov; johanna.vollenweider@noaa.gov RI Churnside, James/H-4873-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU North Pacific Research Board [401, 288]; National Science Foundation [OPP-0908262] FX Funding for this work was provided by the North Pacific Research Board (Project 401, NPRB paper 288) and the National Science Foundation (Grant OPP-0908262). We would like to thank Commander Northwest and our attentive pilot Marco Collela for providing a mechanically reliable aircraft and for protecting our safety, the Captain Charles "Jack" Bronson and crew of the vessel F/V Great Pacific for their generous support during the ship-based survey operations, and James Wilson for assistance with equipment engineering, installation, and operation. NR 56 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 36 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 3 IS 3 BP 621 EP 637 DI 10.3390/rs3030621 PG 17 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 978MM UT WOS:000306745800012 ER PT J AU van der Laan, DC Douglas, JF Clickner, CC Stauffer, TC Goodrich, LF van Eck, HJN AF van der Laan, D. C. Douglas, J. F. Clickner, C. C. Stauffer, T. C. Goodrich, L. F. van Eck, H. J. N. TI Evidence that the reversible strain effect on critical current density and flux pinning in Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox tapes is caused entirely by the pressure dependence of the critical temperature SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID T-C; COATED CONDUCTORS; THERMAL-EXPANSION; AXIAL-STRAIN; SUPERCONDUCTORS; STRESS; NB3SN AB It is well known that the critical temperature of cuprate-and iron-based high-temperature superconductors changes with pressure. YBa2Cu3O7-delta coated conductors, as well as Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox and Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox tapes and wires, show a clear reversible effect of strain on their current-carrying capability, but no clear understanding about the origin of this effect has been obtained. For the first time, we present evidence that the pressure dependence of the critical temperature is entirely responsible for a reversible change in critical current and magnetic flux pinning in Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox tapes with strain. C1 [van der Laan, D. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [van der Laan, D. C.; Douglas, J. F.; Clickner, C. C.; Stauffer, T. C.; Goodrich, L. F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [van Eck, H. J. N.] EURATOM, FOM Inst Plasma Phys Rijnhuizen, Nieuwegein, Netherlands. RP van der Laan, DC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM danko@boulder.nist.gov RI van der Laan, Danko/L-5098-2016 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability; NIST FX The authors thank Sumitomo Electric USA Inc. for providing some of the samples. This work was supported in part by the US Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability. This work was partially supported by NIST and is not subject to US copyright. NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 24 IS 3 AR 032001 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/24/3/032001 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 709FF UT WOS:000286422600001 ER PT J AU Tanuma, S Powell, CJ Penn, DR AF Tanuma, S. Powell, C. J. Penn, D. R. TI Calculations of electron inelastic mean free paths. IX. Data for 41 elemental solids over the 50 eV to 30 keV range SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Inelastic mean free paths; Elemental solids; AES; XPS ID ENERGY-LOSS FUNCTION; MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; DIELECTRIC FUNCTION; LOSS SPECTRA; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; TRANSITION METALS; DYNAMIC-RESPONSE; SILICON DIOXIDE; SPECTROSCOPY AB We have calculated inelastic mean free paths (IMFPs) for 41 elemental solids (Li, Be, graphite, diamond, glassy C, Na, Mg, Al, Si, K, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ge, Y, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, In, Sn, Cs, Gd, Tb, Dy, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au and Bi) for electron energies from 50 eV to 30 keV. The IMFPs were calculated from experimental optical data using the full Penn algorithm for energies up to 300 eV and the simpler single-pole approximation for higher energies. The calculated IMFPs could be fitted to a modified form of the Bethe equation for inelastic scattering of electrons in matter for energies from 50eV to 30 keV. The average root-mean-square (RMS) deviation in these fits was 0.48%. The new IMFPs were also compared with IMFPs from the predictive TPP-2M equation; in these comparisons, the average RMS deviation was 12.3% for energies between 50 eV and 30 keV. This RMS deviation is almost the same as that found previously in a similar comparison for the 50 eV-2 keV range. Relatively large RMS deviations were found for diamond, graphite and cesium. If these three elements were excluded in the comparison, the average RMS deviation was 9.2% between 50 eV and 30 keV. We found satisfactory agreement of our calculated IMFPs with IMFPs from recent calculations and from elastic-peak electron-spectroscopy experiments. Copyright (c) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Powell, C. J.; Penn, D. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tanuma, S.] Natl Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050047, Japan. RP Powell, CJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cedric.powell@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Tanuma, Shigeo/H-2681-2011 NR 79 TC 292 Z9 294 U1 18 U2 152 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0142-2421 EI 1096-9918 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 43 IS 3 BP 689 EP 713 DI 10.1002/sia.3522 PG 25 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 729EK UT WOS:000287931200003 ER PT J AU Grady, B Myers, KM Nelson, EL Belz, N Bennett, L Carnahan, L Decker, VB Holden, D Perry, G Rosenthal, L Rowe, N Spaulding, R Turvey, CL White, R Voyles, D AF Grady, Brian Myers, Kathleen Mary Nelson, Eve-Lynn Belz, Norbert Bennett, Leslie Carnahan, Lisa Decker, Veronica B. Holden, Dwight Perry, Gregg Rosenthal, Lynne Rowe, Nancy Spaulding, Ryan Turvey, Carolyn L. White, Robert Voyles, Debbie TI Evidence-Based Practice for Telemental Health SO TELEMEDICINE AND E-HEALTH LA English DT Article ID FACE-TO-FACE; COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY; POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; DEPRESSION RATING-SCALE; MENTAL-HEALTH; TELEPSYCHIATRY CONSULTATIONS; ADOLESCENT TELEPSYCHIATRY; PEDIATRIC TELEPSYCHIATRY C1 [Turvey, Carolyn L.] Univ Iowa, Univ Iowa Psychiat, Psychiat Res MEB, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Grady, Brian; White, Robert] Univ Maryland Psychiat, Baltimore, MD USA. [Myers, Kathleen Mary] Childrens Hosp Psychiat & Behav Med, Seattle, WA USA. [Nelson, Eve-Lynn; Belz, Norbert; Spaulding, Ryan] Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Kansas City, KS 66103 USA. [Bennett, Leslie] Hopi Hlth Care Ctr, Polacca, AZ USA. [Carnahan, Lisa; Rosenthal, Lynne] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Decker, Veronica B.] Canc Care Associates, Royal Oak, MI USA. [Perry, Gregg] Cherokee Hlth Syst, Talbott, TN USA. [Rowe, Nancy] No Arizona Reg Behav Hlth Author, Flagstaff, AZ USA. [Voyles, Debbie] Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. RP Turvey, CL (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Univ Iowa Psychiat, Psychiat Res MEB, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM carolyn-turvey@uiowa.edu OI Spaulding, Ryan/0000-0001-9396-9360 NR 192 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 5 U2 19 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-5627 EI 1556-3669 J9 TELEMED E-HEALTH JI Telemed. e-Health PD MAR PY 2011 VL 17 IS 2 BP 131 EP 148 DI 10.1089/tmj.2010.0158 PG 18 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 784YZ UT WOS:000292195900012 PM 21385026 ER PT J AU Foldyna, M Germer, TA Bergner, BC Dixson, RG AF Foldyna, Martin Germer, Thomas A. Bergner, Brent C. Dixson, Ronald G. TI Generalized ellipsometry of artificially designed line width roughness SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Spectroscopic Ellipsometry CY MAY 23-29, 2010 CL Univ Albany, Coll Nanoscale & Engn, Albany, NY HO Univ Albany, Coll Nanoscale & Engn DE Biperiodic grating; Diffraction grating; Ellipsometry; Line width roughness; Mueller matrix; Multi-azimuth method; RCWA ID SURFACE-RELIEF GRATINGS; COUPLED-WAVE ANALYSIS; FORMULATION; IMPLEMENTATION; REFLECTANCE AB We use azimuthally resolved spectroscopic Mueller matrix ellipsometry to study a periodic silicon line structure with and without artificially-generated line width roughness (LWR). We model the artificially perturbed grating using one- and two-dimensional rigorous coupled-wave methods in order to evaluate the sensitivity of the experimental spectrally resolved data, measured using a generalized ellipsometer, to the dimensional parameters of LWR. The sensitivity is investigated in the context of multiple conical mounting (azimuth angle) configurations, providing more information about the grating profile. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Foldyna, Martin; Germer, Thomas A.; Bergner, Brent C.; Dixson, Ronald G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bergner, Brent C.] Spectrum Sci Inc, Irvine, CA 92606 USA. RP Foldyna, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marfol@gmail.com RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Foldyna, Martin/C-5981-2014 OI Foldyna, Martin/0000-0001-8413-0504 NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD FEB 28 PY 2011 VL 519 IS 9 SI SI BP 2633 EP 2636 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2010.11.085 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 745OG UT WOS:000289174200014 ER PT J AU Nguyen, NV Kirillov, OA Suehle, JS AF Nguyen, N. V. Kirillov, O. A. Suehle, J. S. TI Band alignment of metal-oxide-semiconductor structure by internal photoemission spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Spectroscopic Ellipsometry CY MAY 23-29, 2010 CL Univ Albany, Coll Nanoscale & Engn, Albany, NY HO Univ Albany, Coll Nanoscale & Engn DE Internal photoemission; Spectroscopic ellipsometry; High-k dielectric; Metal gate; MOS; Band offsets; Band alignment; Interface ID DIELECTRICS; DEPENDENCE; INTERFACE; (100)SI; AL2O3; ZRO2 AB In this paper, we will provide an overview of the internal photoemission (IPE) and the significance of this technique when combined with spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) to investigate the interfacial electronic properties of heterostructures. In particular, the main interest is focused on the electron transport mechanism and properties at and near the interface of the technologically important metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) devices. Not until recently, IPE and SE have become important metrology tools in band offset characterization for the MOS materials. The most common and straightforward application of IPE and SE is to determine how the Fermi level of the metal, and the conduction and valence bands of the semiconductor align with those of the oxide of the MOS structure. For demonstration, we will present the results recently obtained on a set of MOS devices consisting of metal gate / high-k dielectric stack / Si and III-V high mobility substrate. The examples include [TaN/TaSiN] metal gate / [HfO2/SiO2] dielectric stack! Si substrate and Al metal gate! Al2O3 dielectric / InxGa1-xAs substrate. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Nguyen, N. V.; Kirillov, O. A.; Suehle, J. S.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nguyen, NV (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nhan.nguyen@nist.gov RI Kirillov, Oleg/A-4242-2009 NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD FEB 28 PY 2011 VL 519 IS 9 SI SI BP 2811 EP 2816 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2010.11.080 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 745OG UT WOS:000289174200052 ER PT J AU Kim, H Shen, TC Sridharan, D Solomon, GS Waks, E AF Kim, Hyochul Shen, Thomas C. Sridharan, Deepak Solomon, Glenn S. Waks, Edo TI Magnetic field tuning of a quantum dot strongly coupled to a photonic crystal cavity SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NANOCAVITY; SPIN AB We apply magnetic fields of up to 7 T to an indium arsenide quantum dot (QD) strongly coupled to a photonic crystal cavity. The field lifts the degeneracy of QD exciton spin states, and tune their emission energy by a combination of diamagnetic and Zeeman energy shifts. We use magnetic field tuning to shift the energies of the two exciton spin states to be selectively on resonance with the cavity. Strong coupling between the cavity and both states is observed. Magnetic field tuning enables energy shifts as large as 0.83 meV without significant degradation of the QD-cavity coupling strength. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3562344] C1 [Kim, Hyochul; Shen, Thomas C.; Sridharan, Deepak; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, IREAP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kim, Hyochul; Shen, Thomas C.; Sridharan, Deepak; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.] Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kim, H (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, IREAP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM hckim@umd.edu; edowaks@umd.edu FU ARO MURI on hybrid quantum interactions [W911NF09104]; Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute; ONR applied electromagnetic center; NSF [ECCS. 0846494] FX The authors would like to acknowledge support from the ARO MURI on hybrid quantum interactions (Grant No. W911NF09104), the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute, and the ONR applied electromagnetic center. E. Waks would like to acknowledge support from an NSF CAREER award (Grant No. ECCS. 0846494). NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 28 PY 2011 VL 98 IS 9 AR 091102 DI 10.1063/1.3562344 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 730IJ UT WOS:000288026700002 ER PT J AU Rykaczewski, K Scott, JHJ Fedorov, AG AF Rykaczewski, K. Scott, J. H. J. Fedorov, A. G. TI Electron beam heating effects during environmental scanning electron microscopy imaging of water condensation on superhydrophobic surfaces SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DROPWISE CONDENSATION; LIQUID-SYSTEMS; CONTRAST; DROPS AB Superhydrophobic surfaces (SHSs) show promise as promoters of dropwise condensation. Droplets with diameters below similar to 10 mu m account for the majority of the heat transferred during dropwise condensation but their growth dynamics on SHS have not been systematically studied. Due to the complex topography of the surface environmental scanning electron microscopy is the preferred method for observing the growth dynamics of droplets in this size regime. By studying electron beam heating effects on condensed water droplets we establish a magnification limit below which the heating effects are negligible and use this insight to study the mechanism of individual drop growth. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3560443] C1 [Rykaczewski, K.; Scott, J. H. J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fedorov, A. G.] Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Rykaczewski, K (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM konrad.rykaczewski@nist.gov FU NIST; AFOSR BIONIC Center [FA9550-09-1-0162] FX This research was performed while K. R. held at NRC ARRA fellowship at NIST and AGF was supported by AFOSR BIONIC Center under Award No. FA9550-09-1-0162. The authors acknowledge C. Dietz and Y. K. Joshi from Georgia Institute of Technology for providing samples of cupric hydroxide SHSs. NR 29 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 36 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 28 PY 2011 VL 98 IS 9 AR 093106 DI 10.1063/1.3560443 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 730IJ UT WOS:000288026700067 ER PT J AU Verma, VB Stevens, MJ Silverman, KL Dias, NL Garg, A Coleman, JJ Mirin, RP AF Verma, V. B. Stevens, Martin J. Silverman, K. L. Dias, N. L. Garg, A. Coleman, J. J. Mirin, R. P. TI Photon antibunching from a single lithographically defined InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID CRYPTOGRAPHY; TEMPERATURE; TURNSTILE AB We demonstrate photon antibunching from a single lithographically defined quantum dot fabricated by electron beam lithography, wet chemical etching, and overgrowth of the barrier layers by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Measurement of the second-order autocorrelation function indicates g((2))(0) = 0.395 +/- 0.030, below the 0.5 limit necessary for classification as a single photon source. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Verma, V. B.; Stevens, Martin J.; Silverman, K. L.; Mirin, R. P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Dias, N. L.; Garg, A.; Coleman, J. J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Verma, VB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM verma@nist.gov RI Coleman, James/C-9703-2011; OI Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center; National Science Foundation [ECCS 08-21979] FX The authors thank Todd Harvey for assistance with the MBE growth. The work at Illinois was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center and the National Science Foundation (ECCS 08-21979). NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD FEB 28 PY 2011 VL 19 IS 5 BP 4182 EP 4187 DI 10.1364/OE.19.004182 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 741NL UT WOS:000288870300040 PM 21369247 ER PT J AU Shi, W Wang, MH AF Shi, Wei Wang, Menghua TI Satellite observations of asymmetrical physical and biological responses to Hurricane Earl SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WAKE AB Asymmetrical physical and biological responses to Hurricane Earl in 2010 are revealed with a combined data set of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) ocean color and Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer EOS (AMSR-E) SST observations onboard the satellite Aqua. Hurricane Earl induced broad SST drops and elevated chlorophyll-a concentrations along its track. The ocean's physical and biological responses are notably right-biased when the hurricane passed along the U. S. East Coast. In the ranges within 100 km off the track, the SST dropped 1.85 degrees C and 1.23 degrees C on the right and left sides, respectively. On the other hand, the ratios of the chlorophyll-a concentration before and after the passage of Hurricane Earl are 2.04 on the right side and 1.33 on the left. In addition to the satellite-observed sea surface changes, temperature and salinity profiles of an Argo float on Earl's track show the ocean's physical response occurred mostly within the mixed layer and thermocline in the upper 70 m water column. Citation: Shi, W., and M. Wang (2011), Satellite observations of asymmetrical physical and biological responses to Hurricane Earl, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L04607, doi: 10.1029/2010GL046574. C1 [Shi, Wei; Wang, Menghua] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Shi, Wei] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Shi, W (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, E RA3,Room 102,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM wei.1.shi@noaa.gov RI Shi, Wei/F-5625-2010; Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125 FU NASA; NOAA; AMSR-E Science Team FX This research was supported by NASA and NOAA funding and grants. MODIS chlorophyll-a data were obtained from the NASA/GSFC ocean color website. AMSR-E data are produced by Remote Sensing Systems and sponsored by the NASA Earth Science REASoN DISCOVER Project and the AMSR-E Science Team. Argo data were collected and made freely available by the International Argo Project and the national programs that contribute to it (http://www.argo.ucsd.edu, http://argo.jcommops.org). Argo is a pilot program of the Global Ocean Observing System. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their useful comments. The views, opinions and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy or decision. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 26 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L04607 DI 10.1029/2010GL046574 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 727NT UT WOS:000287808600001 ER PT J AU Chen, G Ming, Y Singer, ND Lu, JA AF Chen, Gang Ming, Yi Singer, Noah D. Lu, Jian TI Testing the Clausius-Clapeyron constraint on the aerosol-induced changes in mean and extreme precipitation SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; CLIMATE; INCREASES; RESPONSES; MODELS AB The impacts of aerosol and greenhouse gas forcing of the 20th century on the climatological mean and extremes of precipitation are compared in an atmospheric GCM with improved parameterizations of aerosol direct and indirect effects. In spite of different forcing patterns, the thermodynamic effects of aerosol cooling and greenhouse gas warming on the zonally averaged precipitation have similar latitudinal patterns but opposite signs, plausibly due to the effects of temperature on atmospheric water vapor content and moisture flux. The fractional thermodynamic change, for both the moisture convergence in mid-and high latitudes and precipitation extremes at all latitudes, scales linearly with the abundance of atmospheric moisture at a rate of similar to 5%/K, somewhat less than the expectation from the Clausius-Clapeyron relation. Citation: Chen, G., Y. Ming, N. D. Singer, and J. Lu (2011), Testing the Clausius-Clapeyron constraint on the aerosol-induced changes in mean and extreme precipitation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L04807, doi:10.1029/2010GL046435. C1 [Chen, Gang; Singer, Noah D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Ming, Yi] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Lu, Jian] Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD 20705 USA. [Lu, Jian] George Mason Univ, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Earth Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Chen, G (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM gc352@cornell.edu RI Ming, Yi/F-3023-2012; Chen, Gang/I-3305-2012 OI Chen, Gang/0000-0003-4934-1909 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 25 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L04807 DI 10.1029/2010GL046435 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 727NR UT WOS:000287808400005 ER PT J AU Smolyanitsky, A Tewary, VK AF Smolyanitsky, A. Tewary, V. K. TI Simulation of lattice strain due to a CNT-metal interface SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBE AB We report an atomistic molecular statics study of strains in single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) interfaced with a planar nickel surface. We calculate axial and radial strain distributions along the SWCNT axis. We demonstrate axial strains of up to 2% extending over a distance of similar to 10 nm away from the interface along the CNT axis. In addition to the effect of strains on the thermal and mechanical properties of a CNT-metal contact, our results suggest a significant contribution to the contact electrical resistance via local strain-induced modification in the SWCNT electron energy band structure. C1 [Smolyanitsky, A.; Tewary, V. K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Smolyanitsky, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM alex.smolyanitsky@nist.gov FU National Research Council FX The authors thank the National Research Council for supporting this work. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 15 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD FEB 25 PY 2011 VL 22 IS 8 AR 085703 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/22/8/085703 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 707VM UT WOS:000286317500015 PM 21242614 ER PT J AU Balendiran, GK Sawaya, MR Schwarz, FP Ponniah, G Cuckovich, R Verma, M Cascio, D AF Balendiran, Ganesaratnam K. Sawaya, Michael R. Schwarz, Frederick P. Ponniah, Gomathinayagam Cuckovich, Richard Verma, Malkhey Cascio, Duilio TI The Role of Cys-298 in Aldose Reductase Function SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DIABETIC COMPLICATIONS; HUMAN-ERYTHROCYTE; BINDING-SITE; ACTIVATION; MECHANISM; INVOLVEMENT; INHIBITION; CONSTANTS; SORBITOL; PATHWAY AB Diabetic tissues are enriched in an "activated" form of human aldose reductase (hAR), a NADPH-dependent oxidoreductase involved in sugar metabolism. Activated hAR has reduced sensitivity to potential anti-diabetes drugs. The C298S mutant of hAR reproduces many characteristics of activated hAR, although it differs from wild-type hAR only by the replacement of a single sulfur atom with oxygen. Isothermal titration calorimetry measurements revealed that the binding constant of NADPH to the C298S mutant is decreased by a factor of two, whereas that of NADP(+) remains the same. Similarly, the heat capacity change for the binding of NADPH to the C298S mutant is twice increased; however, there is almost no difference in the heat capacity change for binding of the NADP(+) to the C298S. X-ray crystal structures of wild-type and C298S hAR reveal that the side chain of residue 298 forms a gate to the nicotinamide pocket and is more flexible for cysteine compared with serine. Unlike Cys-298, Ser-298 forms a hydrogen bond with Tyr-209 across the nicotinamide ring, which inhibits movements of the nicotinamide. We hypothesize that the increased polarity of the oxidized nicotinamide weakens the hydrogen bond potentially formed by Ser-298, thus, accounting for the relatively smaller effect of the mutation on NADP(+) binding. The effects of the mutant on catalytic rate constants and binding constants for various substrates are the same as for activated hAR. It is, thus, further substantiated that activated hAR arises from oxidative modification of Cys-298, a residue near the nicotinamide binding pocket. C1 [Balendiran, Ganesaratnam K.; Cuckovich, Richard] Youngstown State Univ, Dept Chem, Youngstown, OH 44555 USA. [Sawaya, Michael R.; Cascio, Duilio] UCLA DOE, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Schwarz, Frederick P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Ponniah, Gomathinayagam] Merck & Co Inc, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA. [Verma, Malkhey] Univ Manchester, Manchester Interdisciplinary Bioctr, Manchester M1 7DN, Lancs, England. RP Balendiran, GK (reprint author), Youngstown State Univ, Dept Chem, WBSH 6017,1 Univ Plaza, Youngstown, OH 44555 USA. EM pl_note@yahoo.com FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research, United States Department of Energy; National Institutes of Health, National Center for Research Resources, Biomedical; National Institute of General Medical Sciences; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [DK085496] FX We thank David Eisenberg and Todd Yeates for use of their facilities, Peter Kasvinsky and the Youngstown State University Graduate School, for encouragement and support the staff at Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory beamline 9-1 and Advanced Light Source beamline 8.2.2 for expert assistance, and Dino Moras and Alberto Podjarny for the gift of the His-tag recombinant hAR overexpression cells. Data collection facilities at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory are funded by The Office of Biological and Environmental Research, United States Department of Energy, the National Institutes of Health, National Center for Research Resources, Biomedical, and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences.; This study was supported by Grant DK085496 from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD FEB 25 PY 2011 VL 286 IS 8 BP 6336 EP 6344 DI 10.1074/jbc.M110.154195 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 723AB UT WOS:000287476400044 PM 21084309 ER PT J AU Li, QZ Ghosh, P Sau, JD Tewari, S Das Sarma, S AF Li, Qiuzi Ghosh, Parag Sau, Jay D. Tewari, Sumanta Das Sarma, S. TI Anisotropic surface transport in topological insulators in proximity to a helical spin density wave SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE DIRAC CONE; BI2TE3 AB We study the effects of spatially localized breakdown of time reversal symmetry on the surface of a topological insulator (TI) due to proximity to a helical spin density wave (HSDW). The HSDW acts like an externally applied one-dimensional periodic (magnetic) potential for spins on the surface of the TI, rendering the Dirac cone on the TI surface highly anisotropic. The decrease in group velocity along the direction (x) over cap of the applied spin potential is twice as great as that perpendicular to (x) over cap. At the Brillouin zone boundaries, it also gives rise to new semi-Dirac points that have a linear dispersion along (x) over cap but a quadratic dispersion perpendicular to (x) over cap. The group velocity of electrons at these new semi-Dirac points is also shown to be highly anisotropic. Experiments using TI systems on multiferroic substrates should realize our predictions. We further discuss the effects of other forms of spin density waves on the surface transport property of TIs. C1 [Li, Qiuzi; Sau, Jay D.; Das Sarma, S.] Univ Maryland, Condensed Matter Theory Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Li, Qiuzi; Sau, Jay D.; Das Sarma, S.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ghosh, Parag] George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Ghosh, Parag] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tewari, Sumanta] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Li, QZ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Condensed Matter Theory Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM liqiuzi@umd.edu RI Li, Qiuzi/F-6474-2011; Das Sarma, Sankar/B-2400-2009 OI Das Sarma, Sankar/0000-0002-0439-986X FU National Institute of Standards and Technology [70NANB7H6138, Am 001]; Office of Naval Research [N000-14-09-1-1025A]; AFOSR; Clemson University FX Q.L. acknowledges helpful discussions with Kai Sun. Q.L., J.D.S., and S.D.S. are supported by DARPA-QuEST and JQI-NSF-PFC. P.G. is supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology through Grant No. 70NANB7H6138, Am 001, and by the Office of Naval Research through Grant No. N000-14-09-1-1025A. S.T. acknowledges support from AFOSR and Clemson University startup funds. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 25 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 8 AR 085110 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.085110 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 726NL UT WOS:000287729500004 ER PT J AU Swallows, MD Bishof, M Lin, YG Blatt, S Martin, MJ Rey, AM Ye, J AF Swallows, Matthew D. Bishof, Michael Lin, Yige Blatt, Sebastian Martin, Michael J. Rey, Ana Maria Ye, Jun TI Suppression of Collisional Shifts in a Strongly Interacting Lattice Clock SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TONKS-GIRARDEAU GAS; OPTICAL LATTICE; ULTRACOLD FERMIONS; BOSONS; ATOMS AB Optical lattice clocks with extremely stable frequency are possible when many atoms are interrogated simultaneously, but this precision may come at the cost of systematic inaccuracy resulting from atomic interactions. Density-dependent frequency shifts can occur even in a clock that uses fermionic atoms if they are subject to inhomogeneous optical excitation. However, sufficiently strong interactions can suppress collisional shifts in lattice sites containing more than one atom. We demonstrated the effectiveness of this approach with a strontium lattice clock by reducing both the collisional frequency shift and its uncertainty to the level of 10(-17). This result eliminates the compromise between precision and accuracy in a many-particle system; both will continue to improve as the number of particles increases. C1 [Swallows, Matthew D.; Bishof, Michael; Lin, Yige; Blatt, Sebastian; Martin, Michael J.; Rey, Ana Maria; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Swallows, Matthew D.; Bishof, Michael; Lin, Yige; Blatt, Sebastian; Martin, Michael J.; Rey, Ana Maria; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lin, Yige] Natl Inst Metrol, Beijing 100013, Peoples R China. RP Ye, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM ye@jila.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Blatt, Sebastian/F-8986-2012 OI Blatt, Sebastian/0000-0003-2466-9967 FU National Research Council; National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate fellowship; Army Research Office; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; National Institute of Standards and Technology; NSF Physics Frontier Center at JILA; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX We thank C. Benko for technical assistance, and A. D. Ludlow and A. Gorshkov for useful discussions. Supported by a National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship (M.D.S.), a National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate fellowship (M.B.), and a grant from the Army Research Office with funding from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency OLE program, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the NSF Physics Frontier Center at JILA, and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 23 TC 87 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 25 PY 2011 VL 331 IS 6020 BP 1043 EP 1046 DI 10.1126/science.1196442 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 726DM UT WOS:000287699000056 PM 21292940 ER PT J AU Heindl, R Rippard, WH Russek, SE Kos, AB AF Heindl, R. Rippard, W. H. Russek, S. E. Kos, A. B. TI Physical limitations to efficient high-speed spin-torque switching in magnetic tunnel junctions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RANDOM-ACCESS MEMORY AB We have investigated the physical limitations to efficient high-speed spin-torque switching by means of write error rates both experimentally as well as through macrospin simulations. The spin-torque-induced write operations were performed on in-plane MgO magnetic tunnel junctions. The write error rates were determined from up to 106 switching events as a function of pulse amplitude and duration ( 5 to 100 ns) for devices with different thermal stability factors. Both experiments and simulations show qualitatively similar results. In particular, the write error rates as a function of pulse voltage amplitude increase at higher rates for pulse durations below approximate to 50 ns. Simulations show that the write error rates can be reduced only to some extent by the use of materials with perpendicular anisotropy and reduced damping, whereas noncollinear orientation of the spin current polarization and the magnetic easy axis increases the write error rates. The cause for the write error rates is related to the underlying physics of spin-torque switching and the occurrence of the stagnation point on the magnetization switching trajectory where the spin-torque disappears and the device loses the energy needed to switch. The stagnation point can be accessed either during the initial magnetization distribution or by thermal diffusion during the switching process. C1 [Heindl, R.; Rippard, W. H.; Russek, S. E.; Kos, A. B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Heindl, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM heindl@nist.gov FU OMP; ARRA; DARPA; U.S. Government FX The authors acknowledge support by OMP, ARRA, and DARPA. The authors also thank Dr. Jurgen Langer of the Singulus Technologies AG for providing the wafers with the starting thin-film stack. This work is supported by U.S. Government, and is not subject to U.S. copyright. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 24 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 5 AR 054430 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.054430 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 726HX UT WOS:000287712100006 ER PT J AU Pulkkinen, A Kuznetsova, M Ridley, A Raeder, J Vapirev, A Weimer, D Weigel, RS Wiltberger, M Millward, G Rastatter, L Hesse, M Singer, HJ Chulaki, A AF Pulkkinen, A. Kuznetsova, M. Ridley, A. Raeder, J. Vapirev, A. Weimer, D. Weigel, R. S. Wiltberger, M. Millward, G. Rastaetter, L. Hesse, M. Singer, H. J. Chulaki, A. TI Geospace Environment Modeling 2008-2009 Challenge: Ground magnetic field perturbations SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID IONOSPHERE-THERMOSPHERE MODEL; SPACE WEATHER; SOLAR-WIND; SYSTEMS; SURFACE; SIMULATION; CODE; LFM AB Acquiring quantitative metrics-based knowledge about the performance of various space physics modeling approaches is central for the space weather community. Quantification of the performance helps the users of the modeling products to better understand the capabilities of the models and to choose the approach that best suits their specific needs. Further, metrics-based analyses are important for addressing the differences between various modeling approaches and for measuring and guiding the progress in the field. In this paper, the metrics-based results of the ground magnetic field perturbation part of the Geospace Environment Modeling 2008-2009 Challenge are reported. Predictions made by 14 different models, including an ensemble model, are compared to geomagnetic observatory recordings from 12 different northern hemispheric locations. Five different metrics are used to quantify the model performances for four storm events. It is shown that the ranking of the models is strongly dependent on the type of metric used to evaluate the model performance. None of the models rank near or at the top systematically for all used metrics. Consequently, one cannot pick the absolute "winner": the choice for the best model depends on the characteristics of the signal one is interested in. Model performances vary also from event to event. This is particularly clear for root-mean-square difference and utility metric-based analyses. Further, analyses indicate that for some of the models, increasing the global magnetohydrodynamic model spatial resolution and the inclusion of the ring current dynamics improve the models' capability to generate more realistic ground magnetic field fluctuations. C1 [Pulkkinen, A.] Catholic Univ Amer, Inst Astrophys & Computat Sci, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Pulkkinen, A.; Kuznetsova, M.; Rastaetter, L.; Hesse, M.; Chulaki, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Raeder, J.; Vapirev, A.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Ridley, A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Weigel, R. S.] George Mason Univ, Dept Computat & Data Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Weimer, D.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Ctr Space Sci & Engn Res, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Wiltberger, M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Singer, H. J.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Pulkkinen, A (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Inst Astrophys & Computat Sci, Washington, DC 20064 USA. EM antti.a.pulkkinen@nasa.gov RI Hesse, Michael/D-2031-2012; Rastaetter, Lutz/D-4715-2012; Kuznetsova, Maria/F-6840-2012; Wiltberger, Michael/B-8781-2008; Ridley, Aaron/F-3943-2011 OI Rastaetter, Lutz/0000-0002-7343-4147; Wiltberger, Michael/0000-0002-4844-3148; Ridley, Aaron/0000-0001-6933-8534 NR 28 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD FEB 24 PY 2011 VL 9 AR S02004 DI 10.1029/2010SW000600 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 727PR UT WOS:000287813900001 ER PT J AU Gertseva, VV Cope, JM AF Gertseva, Vladlena V. Cope, Jason M. TI Population dynamics of splitnose rockfish (Sebastes diploproa) in the Northeast Pacific Ocean SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Splitnose rockfish; Northeast Pacific Ocean; Bycatch; Population dynamics; Age-structured model; Stock Synthesis ID JUVENILE ROCKFISH; GROWTH; FISHERY; VARIABILITY; WASHINGTON; BAROTRAUMA; MANAGEMENT; CALIFORNIA; MIGRATION; SOUTHERN AB We developed an age-structured population model of splitnose rockfish, Sebastes diploproa, in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. Splitnose rockfish is a bycatch species that co-occurs with several commercially important species that are currently declared overfished. Bycatch species are typically not the focus of stock assessment efforts because of their limited economic importance, but they may suffer the same population declines as species with which they co-occur. To examine the dynamics of splitnose rockfish for the first time, we analyzed data from three groundfish fisheries and four research surveys conducted in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. To develop a model, we used Stock Synthesis, a statistical framework for the construction of a population dynamics models utilizing both fishery-dependent and fishery-independent data. In the model, we reconstructed the total catch of the species back to 1900, estimated the dynamics of the stock spawning output and recruitment and evaluated biomass depletion relative to the stock's unfished state, as well as sources of uncertainty in model outputs. The results indicate that the splitnose rockfish is currently not overfished even though it has experienced several periods of abrupt decline in its biomass. Revisiting age data from earlier years, monitoring fishery discard, and investigating the spatial dynamics of splitnose rockfish is important to further improve the understanding of this species' population dynamics, and decrease uncertainty in model results. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gertseva, Vladlena V.; Cope, Jason M.] NOAA Fisheries, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Gertseva, VV (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM vladlena.gertseva@noaa.gov NR 50 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD FEB 24 PY 2011 VL 222 IS 4 BP 973 EP 981 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.12.003 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 720OW UT WOS:000287291000007 ER PT J AU Timm, OE Diaz, HF Giambelluca, TW Takahashi, M AF Timm, O. Elison Diaz, H. F. Giambelluca, T. W. Takahashi, M. TI Projection of changes in the frequency of heavy rain events over Hawaii based on leading Pacific climate modes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID EL-NINO; DECADAL OSCILLATION; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; UNITED-STATES; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; ISLANDS; TRENDS; REANALYSIS; EXTREMES AB This study investigates the frequency of heavy rainfall events in Hawaii during the wet season (October-April) 1958-2005 and their conditional dependence on the Pacific-North American (PNA) pattern and El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Heavy rain events are defined by the 95% quantile in the rainfall distribution of the wet seasons. Twelve stations with daily reports of rainfall amounts were used to count the number of heavy rain days during wet seasons. Multiple linear regression (MLR) indicated that the PNA index (PNAI) and the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) can explain a significant amount of the interannual to interdecadal variability for 9 out of 12 stations. Cross validation showed that PNAI and SOI together explain about 18-44% of the variability in the number of heavy rain events. Furthermore, the MLR model reproduces the trend toward fewer heavy rain events in the years after the Pacific climate shift in the mid-1970s. The MLR model was applied to the projected PNAI and SOI indices that were obtained from six IPCC AR4 climate models. The current suite of AR4 simulations based on the A1B and A2 emissions scenarios projects small and equivocal changes in the mean state of the SOI and PNAI during the 21st century. The covariance between PNAI and SOI in these simulations appears to be stable. To the extent that variations in the frequency and magnitude of ENSO and the PNA mode are responsible for modulating extreme rainfall occurrence in Hawaii, our results indicate small changes in the projected number of heavy rainfall days with large uncertainties resulting from disparities among the climate models. C1 [Timm, O. Elison] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, SOEST, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Giambelluca, T. W.; Takahashi, M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Diaz, H. F.] NOAA CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Timm, OE (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, SOEST, 1680 East West Rd,POST Bldg 401, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM timm@hawaii.edu OI Giambelluca, Thomas/0000-0002-6798-3780 FU Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) through International Pacific Research Center; NOAA Office of Climate Programs; USGS Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center (PIERC); U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Research; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA09OAR4310103]; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service through the Pacific Island Climate Change Cooperative FX O. Elison Timm is supported by the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) through its sponsorship of the International Pacific Research Center. H. F. Diaz received support from the NOAA Office of Climate Programs, the USGS Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center (PIERC), and the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Research. T. W. Giambelluca and M. Takahashi were supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (award NA09OAR4310103), the USGS PIERC, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service through the Pacific Island Climate Change Cooperative. We thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. This is International Pacific Research Center contribution 744 and School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology contribution 8065. NR 48 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 23 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D04109 DI 10.1029/2010JD014923 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 727NV UT WOS:000287808900001 ER PT J AU Quach, AD Crivat, G Tarr, MA Rosenzweig, Z AF Quach, Ashley D. Crivat, Georgeta Tarr, Matthew A. Rosenzweig, Zeev TI Gold Nanoparticle-Quantum Dot-Polystyrene Microspheres as Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Probes for Bioassays SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DIAGNOSTICS AB The paper describes the development of highly sensitive particle-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) probes that do not use molecular fluorophores as donors and acceptors. In these probes, CdSe/ZnS luminescent quantum dots (QDs) were capped with multiple histidine-containing peptides to increase their aqueous solubility while maintaining their high emission quantum yield and spectral properties. The peptide-modified QDs (QD-His) were covalently attached to carboxyl-modified polystyrene (PS) microspheres to form highly emitting PS microspheres (QD-PS). Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were then covalently attached to the QD-PS surface to form AuNP-QD-PS composite microspheres that were used as FRET probes. Attachment of AuNPs to QD-PS completely quenched the QD emission through FRET interactions. The emission of QD-PS was restored when the AuNPs were removed from the surface by thiol ligand displacement. The new AuNP-QD-PS FRET platform is simple to prepare and highly stable, and it opens many new possibilities for carrying out FRET assays on microparticle-based platforms and in microarrays. The versatility of these assays could be greatly increased by replacing the linkers between the QDs and AuNPs with ones that selectively respond to specific cleaving agents or enzymes. C1 [Quach, Ashley D.; Crivat, Georgeta; Tarr, Matthew A.; Rosenzweig, Zeev] Univ New Orleans, Dept Chem, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [Crivat, Georgeta] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rosenzweig, Z (reprint author), Univ New Orleans, Dept Chem, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. EM zrosenzw@uno.edu FU NSF [CHE-0717526]; Louisiana Board of Regents Fellowship [LEQSF] [GF-25] FX This study was supported by NSF Award CHE-0717526. A.D. Q was supported by a Louisiana Board of Regents Fellowship [LEQSF (2004-09) GF-25]. NR 18 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 5 U2 129 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD FEB 23 PY 2011 VL 133 IS 7 BP 2028 EP 2030 DI 10.1021/ja109348d PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 728YA UT WOS:000287909200006 PM 21280652 ER PT J AU Sha, XW Cohen, RE AF Sha, Xianwei Cohen, R. E. TI First-principles studies of electrical resistivity of iron under pressure SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED-GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; DIAMOND-ANVIL CELL; SHOCK COMPRESSION; LATTICE-DYNAMICS; EPSILON-IRON; 40 GPA; CONDUCTIVITY; RESISTANCE; TEMPERATURE; METALS AB We investigate the temperature and pressure dependences of the electrical resistivity, thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity for bcc and hcp Fe using the low-order variational approximation and theoretical transport spectral functions calculated from the first-principles linear response linear-muffin-tin-orbital method in the generalized gradient approximation. The calculated values for the electrical resistivity show a strong increase with temperature and decrease with pressure, and are in agreement with high-temperature shock data. We also discuss the behavior of the electrical resistivity for the bcc -> hcp phase transition. C1 [Sha, Xianwei; Cohen, R. E.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RP Sha, XW (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Cohen, Ronald/B-3784-2010 OI Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-5871-2359 FU DOE ASCI/ASAP [B341492]; DOE [w-7405-ENG-48]; NSF [EAR-0738061]; Carnegie Institution of Washington; EFree; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001057] FX This work was supported by DOE ASCI/ASAP subcontract B341492 to Caltech DOE w-7405-ENG-48 and by NSF grant EAR-0738061, the Carnegie Institution of Washington, and EFree, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under award no. DE-SC0001057. Computations were performed at the Geophysical Laboratory and on ALC at the Lawrence Livermore National Lab. We thank C Seagle for helpful discussions, and for pointing out the likely problems with sample thinning in previous experiments. NR 31 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 27 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD FEB 23 PY 2011 VL 23 IS 7 AR 075401 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/23/7/075401 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 715XZ UT WOS:000286930200012 PM 21411882 ER PT J AU Fu, CB Gentile, TR Snow, WM AF Fu, C. B. Gentile, T. R. Snow, W. M. TI Limits on possible new nucleon monopole-dipole interactions from the spin relaxation rate of polarized He-3 gas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT FORCES; PRESSURES; SEARCH; AXIONS AB Various theories beyond the standard model predict new particles with masses in the sub-eV range with very weak couplings to ordinary matter. A P-odd and T-odd interaction between polarized and unpolarized nucleons proportional to (s) over right arrow . (r) over right arrow involving a scalar coupling g(s) at one vertex and a pseudoscalar coupling g(p) at the other vertex is one such possibility. We show that measurements of the transverse spin relaxation rate Gamma(2) for polarized gas can be used to set limits on g(s)g(p) for boson masses in the 10 mu eV to 100 meV range, corresponding to distances from centimeters to micrometers. We present limits from both a reanalysis of previous measurements of Gamma(2) in He-3 spin exchange cells and from data in a test experiment searching for a change in Gamma(2) upon the motion of an unpolarized test mass. The outlook for more sensitive measurements using this technique is discussed. C1 [Snow, W. M.] Indiana Univ, Ctr Explorat Energy & Matter, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Fu, C. B.; Gentile, T. R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Snow, WM (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Ctr Explorat Energy & Matter, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. EM wsnow@indiana.edu RI Fu, Changbo/O-1550-2015 FU NSF [PHY-0116146]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering; Indiana University Center for Spacetime Symmetries FX We thank Dr. Y.N. Pokotilovski and Dr. A.K. Petukhov for their inspiring communications. This work was supported in part by NSF PHY-0116146, and the development of polarized 3He apparatus at NIST is supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering. The work of WMS was supported in part by the Indiana University Center for Spacetime Symmetries. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD FEB 23 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 3 AR 031504 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.83.031504 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 725OP UT WOS:000287655300002 ER PT J AU Wade, PR Kennedy, A LeDuc, R Barlow, J Carretta, J Shelden, K Perryman, W Pitman, R Robertson, K Rone, B Salinas, JC Zerbini, A Brownell, RL Clapham, PJ AF Wade, Paul R. Kennedy, Amy LeDuc, Rick Barlow, Jay Carretta, Jim Shelden, Kim Perryman, Wayne Pitman, Robert Robertson, Kelly Rone, Brenda Salinas, Juan Carlos Zerbini, Alexandre Brownell, Robert L., Jr. Clapham, Phillip J. TI The world's smallest whale population? SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE North Pacific; right whale; Eubalaena japonica; abundance; mark-recapture; Bering Sea ID MARK AB The North Pacific right whale (Eubalaena japonica) was heavily exploited by both nineteenth century whaling and recent (1960s) illegal Soviet catches. Today, the species remains extremely rare especially in the eastern North Pacific. Here, we use photographic and genotype data to calculate the first mark-recapture estimates of abundance for right whales in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands. The estimates were very similar: photographic = 31 (95% CL 23-54), genotyping = 28 (95% CL 24-42). We also estimated the population contains eight females (95% CL 7-18) and 20 males (95% CL 17-37). Although these estimates may relate to a Bering Sea subpopulation, other data suggest that the total eastern North Pacific population is unlikely to be much larger. Its precarious status today-the world's smallest whale population for which an abundance estimate exists-is a direct consequence of uncontrolled and illegal whaling, and highlights the past failure of international management to prevent such abuses. C1 [Wade, Paul R.; Kennedy, Amy; Shelden, Kim; Rone, Brenda; Zerbini, Alexandre; Clapham, Phillip J.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [LeDuc, Rick; Barlow, Jay; Carretta, Jim; Perryman, Wayne; Pitman, Robert; Robertson, Kelly; Salinas, Juan Carlos] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Brownell, Robert L., Jr.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Wade, PR (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM paul.wade@noaa.gov RI Zerbini, Alexandre/G-4138-2012 FU US Minerals Management Service FX We thank the US Minerals Management Service for partial funding of this work, the observers, photographers and crew of all the surveys, P. Hamilton and M. Marx for help with the photo-ID catalogue, J. Laake for help with the analyses and G. Duker, V. Papastavru and three anonymous referees for thoughtful reviews of the manuscript. This research was conducted under NMFS permits 782-1719 and 774-1714. NR 15 TC 27 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 20 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD FEB 23 PY 2011 VL 7 IS 1 BP 83 EP 85 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2010.0477 PG 3 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 705LX UT WOS:000286135000025 PM 20591853 ER PT J AU Foote, AD Morin, PA Durban, JW Pitman, RL Wade, P Willerslev, E Gilbert, MTP da Fonseca, RR AF Foote, Andrew D. Morin, Phillip A. Durban, John W. Pitman, Robert L. Wade, Paul Willerslev, Eske Gilbert, M. Thomas P. da Fonseca, Rute R. TI Positive selection on the killer whale mitogenome SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE mitochondria; genome; selection ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; EVOLUTION; CLIMATE; SITES AB Mitochondria produce up to 95 per cent of the eukaryotic cell's energy. The coding genes of the mitochondrial DNA may therefore evolve under selection owing to metabolic requirements. The killer whale, Orcinus orca, is polymorphic, has a global distribution and occupies a range of ecological niches. It is therefore a suitable organism for testing this hypothesis. We compared a global dataset of the complete mitochondrial genomes of 139 individuals for amino acid changes that were associated with radical physico-chemical property changes and were influenced by positive selection. Two such selected non-synonymous amino acid changes were found; one in each of two ecotypes that inhabit the Antarctic pack ice. Both substitutions were associated with changes in local polarity, increased steric constraints and alpha-helical tendencies that could influence overall metabolic performance, suggesting a functional change. C1 [Foote, Andrew D.; Willerslev, Eske; Gilbert, M. Thomas P.; da Fonseca, Rute R.] Univ Copenhagen, Ctr GeoGenet, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Morin, Phillip A.; Durban, John W.; Pitman, Robert L.] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Durban, John W.; Wade, Paul] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [da Fonseca, Rute R.] Univ Porto, CIMAR CIIMAR, Ctr Interdisciplinar Invest Marinha & Ambiental, P-4050123 Oporto, Portugal. RP Foote, AD (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Ctr GeoGenet, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, Oster Volgade 5-7, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM footead@gmail.com RI da Fonseca, Rute/F-9143-2013; Gilbert, Marcus/A-8936-2013; Scientific output, CIIMAR/E-5122-2012 OI da Fonseca, Rute/0000-0002-2805-4698; Gilbert, Marcus/0000-0002-5805-7195; Scientific output, CIIMAR/0000-0001-6270-2153 NR 23 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 49 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD FEB 23 PY 2011 VL 7 IS 1 BP 116 EP 118 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2010.0638 PG 3 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 705LX UT WOS:000286135000035 PM 20810427 ER PT J AU Liu, JF Fan, SM Horowitz, LW Levy, H AF Liu, Junfeng Fan, Songmiao Horowitz, Larry W. Levy, Hiram, II TI Evaluation of factors controlling long-range transport of black carbon to the Arctic SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; MIXED-PHASE CLOUDS; AGING TIME-SCALES; DRY DEPOSITION; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; AEROSOL DISTRIBUTION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; AIR-POLLUTION AB This study evaluates the sensitivity of long-range transport of black carbon (BC) from midlatitude and high-latitude source regions to the Arctic to aging, dry deposition, and wet removal processes using the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) coupled chemistry and climate model (AM3). We derive a simple parameterization for BC aging (i.e., coating with soluble materials) which allows the rate of aging to vary diurnally and seasonally. Slow aging during winter permits BC to remain largely hydrophobic throughout transport from midlatitude source regions to the Arctic. In addition, we apply surface-dependent dry deposition velocities and reduce the wet removal efficiency of BC in ice clouds. The inclusion of the above parameterizations significantly improves simulated magnitude, seasonal cycle, and vertical profile of BC over the Arctic compared with those in the base model configuration. In particular, wintertime concentrations of BC in the Arctic are increased by a factor of 100 throughout the tropospheric column. On the basis of sensitivity tests involving each process, we find that the transport of BC to the Arctic is a synergistic process. A comprehensive understanding of microphysics and chemistry related to aging, dry and wet removal processes is thus essential to the simulation of BC concentrations over the Arctic. C1 [Liu, Junfeng; Fan, Songmiao; Horowitz, Larry W.; Levy, Hiram, II] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Liu, Junfeng] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Liu, JF (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM junfeng.liu@noaa.gov RI Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014 OI Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314 NR 83 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 23 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D04307 DI 10.1029/2010JD015145 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 727NV UT WOS:000287808900003 ER PT J AU Bond, NA Cronin, MF Sabine, C Kawai, Y Ichikawa, H Freitag, P Ronnholm, K AF Bond, Nicholas A. Cronin, Meghan F. Sabine, Christopher Kawai, Yoshimi Ichikawa, Hiroshi Freitag, Paul Ronnholm, Keith TI Upper ocean response to Typhoon Choi-Wan as measured by the Kuroshio Extension Observatory mooring SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID HURRICANE GILBERT; MOVING STORM; SEA; SURFACE; CO2; VARIABILITY; BERMUDA; SCALES; LAYER AB The Kuroshio Extension Observatory (KEO) is a highly instrumented moored reference station located at 32.3 degrees N, 144.5 degrees E in the recirculation gyre south of the Kuroshio Extension. On 19 September 2009, the eye of Typhoon Choi-Wan (International designation: 0914) passed similar to 40 km to the southeast of the KEO surface mooring. Hourly meteorological and physical oceanographic measurements together with 3 hourly air-sea carbon dioxide observations telemetered from KEO in near real time show the evolution of the upper ocean and its associated air-sea fluxes during the passage of this storm and its aftermath. During the approach of the storm, the mixed layer freshened because of intense rainfall. This was followed by a large outgassing of CO2, rapid cooling, and an increase in salinity. Although these changes in mixed layer properties imply substantial entrainment, they were accompanied by upwelling and ultimately a temporary similar to 20 m shoaling of the mixed layer. This upwelling, which was observed at all depths, including the deepest sensor near 500 m, was coincident with the onset of near-inertial oscillations in the mixed layer currents. After the typhoon passed, inertial pumping caused similar to 15-20 m amplitude vertical displacements throughout the top 500 m that continued for at least 6 days. A large oceanic response was observed in this case even though the eye of Choi-Wan passed to the right of KEO, resulting in winds rotating cyclonically with time, in opposition to the anticyclonic-rotating near-inertial currents. C1 [Bond, Nicholas A.; Ronnholm, Keith] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Cronin, Meghan F.; Sabine, Christopher; Freitag, Paul] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Kawai, Yoshimi; Ichikawa, Hiroshi] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. RP Bond, NA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Box 354925, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM nab3met@u.washington.edu RI Ichikawa, Hiroshi/A-9523-2010 OI Ichikawa, Hiroshi/0000-0001-6576-0455 FU NOAA; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA17RJ1232] FX This publication is funded by the NOAA Climate Programs Office and by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1232, Contribution 1811. The authors wish to thank the captains and crews of the research vessels Kaiyo, Mirai, and Kaiyo Maru 5 for their assistance deploying, repairing, and recovering this mooring. We also thank the engineering and science support staff at PMEL for their continued work developing and operating the KEO buoy and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. This is Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory Contribution 3529. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB 22 PY 2011 VL 116 AR C02031 DI 10.1029/2010JC006548 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 727OG UT WOS:000287810100001 ER PT J AU Zvyagin, SA Cizmar, E Ozerov, M Wosnitza, J Feyerherm, R Manmana, SR Mila, F AF Zvyagin, S. A. Cizmar, E. Ozerov, M. Wosnitza, J. Feyerherm, R. Manmana, S. R. Mila, F. TI Field-induced gap in a quantum spin-1/2 chain in a strong magnetic field SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DIMENSIONAL S=1/2 ANTIFERROMAGNET; CU BENZOATE; FLUCTUATIONS AB Magnetic excitations in copper pyrimidine dinitrate, a spin-1/2 antiferromagnetic chain with alternating g-tensor and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions that exhibits a field-induced spin gap, are probed by means of pulsed-field electron-spin-resonance spectroscopy. In particular, we report on a minimum of the gap in the vicinity of the saturation field H(sat) = 48.5 T associated with a transition from the sine-Gordon region (with soliton-breather elementary excitations) to a spin-polarized state (with magnon excitations). This interpretation is fully confirmed by the quantitative agreement over the entire field range of the experimental data with the density matrix renormalization group calculations for a spin-1/2 Heisenberg chain with a staggered transverse field. C1 [Zvyagin, S. A.; Ozerov, M.; Wosnitza, J.] Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Dresden High Magnet Field Lab, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. [Cizmar, E.] Safarik Univ, Ctr Low Temp Phys, SK-04154 Kosice, Slovakia. [Feyerherm, R.] Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin Mat & Energie, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. [Manmana, S. R.] Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Manmana, S. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Manmana, S. R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Manmana, S. R.; Mila, F.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Theoret Phys, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Zvyagin, SA (reprint author), Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Dresden High Magnet Field Lab, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. RI Manmana, Salvatore /C-9822-2011; Feyerherm, Ralf/F-5487-2013; Zvyagin, Sergei/H-8389-2014; Cizmar, Erik/R-9171-2016 OI Manmana, Salvatore /0000-0002-4070-0576; Feyerherm, Ralf/0000-0003-3034-4210; Cizmar, Erik/0000-0001-6289-110X FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; EuroMagNET (EU) [228043]; VEGA [1/0078/09, APVV-0006-07]; PIF-NSF [0904017]; Swiss National Fund; MaNEP FX The authors would like to thank A. K. Kolezhuk for fruitful discussions. This work was partly supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and EuroMagNET (EU Contract No. 228043). E. C.. appreciates the financial support from VEGA 1/0078/09 and APVV-0006-07, and S. R. M. acknowledges support from PIF-NSF (Grant No. 0904017). F. M. acknowledges the support of the Swiss National Fund and of MaNEP, and the hospitality of the MPIPKS. We acknowledge the allocation of CPU time on the Pleiades cluster at EPFL. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 26 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 22 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 6 AR 060409 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.060409 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 724NV UT WOS:000287584400004 ER PT J AU Shi, L Bates, JJ AF Shi, Lei Bates, John J. TI Three decades of intersatellite-calibrated High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder upper tropospheric water vapor SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; EL-NINO; SATELLITE; RADIANCES; HIRS; OSCILLATION; PATTERNS; TELECONNECTIONS; CLIMATOLOGY AB To generate a climatologically homogenized time series of the upper tropospheric water vapor (UTWV), intersatellite calibration is carried out for 3 decades of High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) channel 12 clear-sky measurements. Because of the independence of the individual satellite's instrument calibration, intersatellite biases exist from satellite to satellite. To minimize the expected intersatellite biases, measurement adjustments are derived from overlapping HIRS data from the equator to the poles to account for the large global temperature observation range. Examination of the intersatellite biases shows that the biases are scene temperature-dependent. Many overlapping satellites have bias variations of more than 0.5 K across the scene temperature ranges. An algorithm is developed to account for the varying biases with respect to brightness temperature. Analyses based on the intercalibrated data show that selected regions of UTWV are highly correlated with low-frequency indexes such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation index and the Pacific and North America index, especially in the winter months. The derived upper tropospheric humidity in the central Pacific also corresponds well with the Nino 3.4 index. Thirty year trend analysis indicates an increase of upper tropospheric humidity in the equatorial tropics. The areal coverage of both high and low humidity values also increased over time. These features suggest the possibility of enhanced convective activity in the tropics. C1 [Shi, Lei; Bates, John J.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Shi, L (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM lei.shi@noaa.gov RI Bates, John/D-1012-2009 OI Bates, John/0000-0002-8124-0406 NR 33 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 22 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D04108 DI 10.1029/2010JD014847 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 727NU UT WOS:000287808700004 ER PT J AU Gillaspy, JD Lin, T Tedesco, L Tan, JN Pomeroy, JM Laming, JM Brickhouse, N Chen, GX Silver, E AF Gillaspy, J. D. Lin, T. Tedesco, L. Tan, J. N. Pomeroy, J. M. Laming, J. M. Brickhouse, N. Chen, G. -X. Silver, E. TI Fe XVII X-RAY LINE RATIOS FOR ACCURATE ASTROPHYSICAL PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic data; atomic processes; line: formation; opacity; plasmas; X-rays: general ID BEAM ION-TRAP; PHOTOIONIZATION CROSS-SECTIONS; LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS; COLLISION STRENGTHS; RELATIVE INTENSITY; RATE COEFFICIENTS; TRANSITIONS; EMISSION; EBIT; RECOMBINATION AB New laboratory measurements using an electron beam ion trap and an X-ray microcalorimeter are presented for the n = 3 to n = 2 Fe XVII emission lines in the 15-17 angstrom range, along with new theoretical predictions for a variety of electron energy distributions. This work improves upon our earlier work on these lines by providing measurements at more electron-impact energies (seven values from 846 to 1185 eV), performing an in situ determination of the X-ray window transmission, taking steps to minimize the ion impurity concentrations, correcting the electron energies for space charge shifts, and estimating the residual electron energy uncertainties. The results for the 3C/3D and 3s/3C line ratios are generally in agreement with the closest theory to within 10%, and in agreement with previous measurements from an independent group to within 20%. Better consistency between the two experimental groups is obtained at the lowest electron energies by using theory to interpolate, taking into account the significantly different electron energy distributions. Evidence for resonance collision effects in the spectra is discussed. Renormalized values for the absolute cross sections of the 3C and 3D lines are obtained by combining previously published results and shown to be in agreement with the predictions of converged R-matrix theory. This work establishes consistency between results from independent laboratories and improves the reliability of these lines for astrophysical diagnostics. Factors that should be taken into account for accurate diagnostics are discussed, including electron energy distribution, polarization, absorption/scattering, and line blends. C1 [Gillaspy, J. D.; Tedesco, L.; Tan, J. N.; Pomeroy, J. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lin, T.; Brickhouse, N.; Chen, G. -X.; Silver, E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Laming, J. M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gillaspy, JD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.gillaspy@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; OI Brickhouse, Nancy/0000-0002-8704-4473 FU NASA [NNX08AK33G] FX We thank Stuart Loch and Connor Ballance for their calculations (done in collaboration with Mitch Pindzola and Don Griffin), and Don Landis, Norm Madden, Jeff Beeman, Eugene Haller, Gerry Austin, and David Caldwell for contributing to the development of the microcalorimeter. This work is supported by NASA grant NNX08AK33G. NR 52 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 20 PY 2011 VL 728 IS 2 AR 132 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/728/2/132 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 716MP UT WOS:000286973600058 ER PT J AU Harris, LM Lauritzen, PH Mittal, R AF Harris, Lucas M. Lauritzen, Peter H. Mittal, Rashmi TI A flux-form version of the conservative semi-Lagrangian multi-tracer transport scheme (CSLAM) on the cubed sphere grid SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Advection; Conservation; Flux-form; Monotonicity; Cubed-sphere; Semi-Lagrangian; Piecewise parabolic method ID SHALLOW-WATER EQUATIONS; HORIZONTAL ADVECTION; POSITIVE-DEFINITE; EFFICIENT; ALGORITHMS; MODELS; SLICE; SIMULATIONS; GEOMETRY; SCALAR AB A conservative semi-Lagrangian cell-integrated transport scheme (CSLAM) was recently introduced, which ensures global mass conservation and allows long timesteps, multi-tracer efficiency, and shape preservation through the use of reconstruction filtering. This method is fully two-dimensional so that it may be easily implemented on non-cartesian grids such as the cubed-sphere grid. We present a flux-form implementation, FF-CSLAM, which retains the advantages of CSLAM while also allowing the use of flux-limited monotonicity and positivity preservation and efficient tracer sub-cycling. The methods are equivalent in the absence of flux limiting or reconstruction filtering. FF-CSLAM was found to be third-order accurate when an appropriately smooth initial mass distribution and flow field (with at least a continuous second derivative) was used. This was true even when using highly deformational flows and when the distribution is advected over the singularities in the cubed sphere, the latter a consequence of the full two-dimensionality of the method. Flux-limited monotonicity preservation, which is only available in a flux-form method, was found to be both less diffusive and more efficient than the monotone reconstruction filtering available to CSLAM. Despite the additional overhead of computing fluxes compared to CSLAM's cell integrations, the non-monotone FF-CSLAM was found to be at most only 40% slower than CSLAM for Courant numbers less than one, with greater overhead for successively larger Courant numbers. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Harris, Lucas M.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Lauritzen, Peter H.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Atmospher Modeling & Predictabil Sect, Climate & Global Dynam Div, NCAR Earth Syst Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Mittal, Rashmi] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Mesoscale & Microscale Meteorol Div, NCAR Earth Syst Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Harris, LM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM lucas.harris@noaa.gov; pel@ucar.edu; mittal@ucar.edu RI Lauritzen, Peter/A-9329-2008 FU National Science Foundation; Rich Loft; NCAR SIParCS; NCAR; NSF [ATM-0836316]; DOE [DE-SC0001658] FX The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation.; This manuscript was greatly improved by comments from Dale Durran, David L. Williamson, Peter Blossey, Shian-jiann Lin, and two anonymous reviewers. The authors also thank Paul Ullrich for his help understanding the remapping code and how the reconstructions are computed, and Rich Loft and NCAR SIParCS for funding LMH's participation. R.M.'s participation was supported by NCAR Advanced Study Program. This work was partially supported by NSF grant ATM-0836316 and the DOE BER Program under award DE-SC0001658. NR 50 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD FEB 20 PY 2011 VL 230 IS 4 BP 1215 EP 1237 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2010.11.001 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 714BQ UT WOS:000286782300021 ER PT J AU Chen, RY Li, ZQ Kuligowski, RJ Ferraro, R Weng, FZ AF Chen, Ruiyue Li, Zhanqing Kuligowski, Robert J. Ferraro, Ralph Weng, Fuzhong TI A study of warm rain detection using A-Train satellite data SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ALGORITHM; CLOUDS; MODIS AB Warm rain occurs in low-level liquid water clouds and does not involve an ice-phase process. Comprising many state-of-the-art passive and active instruments, the NASA A-Train series of satellites provide comprehensive simultaneous information about warm clouds and their precipitation processes. This study exploits multi-sensor data from the A-Train satellite constellation to investigate the rain contribution from warm clouds and the potential of using cloud microphysical parameters for warm rain detection. It is shown that warm rain accounts for a significant portion of total precipitation over the global ocean. Cloud microphysical parameters ( e. g., liquid water path) show potential for detecting warm rain events and estimating the rain rates. Key parameters for estimating warm rain using cloud microphysical parameters are also examined. Citation: Chen, R., Z. Li, R. J. Kuligowski, R. Ferraro, and F. Weng (2011), A study of warm rain detection using A-Train satellite data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L04804, doi: 10.1029/2010GL046217. C1 [Chen, Ruiyue] NOAA, STAR, NESDIS, IM Syst Grp, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Chen, Ruiyue; Li, Zhanqing] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Li, Zhanqing; Weng, Fuzhong] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Kuligowski, Robert J.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Ferraro, Ralph] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Chen, RY (reprint author), NOAA, STAR, NESDIS, IM Syst Grp, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM zli@atmos.umd.edu RI chen, ruiyue/F-6708-2010; Kuligowski, Robert/C-6981-2009; Ferraro, Ralph/F-5587-2010; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010; Li, Zhanqing/F-4424-2010 OI Kuligowski, Robert/0000-0002-6909-2252; Ferraro, Ralph/0000-0002-8393-7135; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179; Li, Zhanqing/0000-0001-6737-382X FU NOAA; U.S. Government FX The authors express their appreciation to the valuable comments from the reviewers. The authors are grateful to the Goddard DAAC for providing the Aqua MOD06 cloud product, to the National Snow and Ice Data Center for providing the Aqua AMSR-E rain product, and to the NASA CloudSat project for providing the CloudSat CPR rain product. This study is supported by NOAA's GOES-R Risk Reduction Program and the GOES-Algorithm Working Group. The contents of this paper are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of the GOES-R Program Office, NOAA, or the U.S. Government. NR 12 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 18 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L04804 DI 10.1029/2010GL046217 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 723QL UT WOS:000287521800003 ER PT J AU Motayed, A Bonevich, JE Krylyuk, S Davydov, AV Aluri, G Rao, MV AF Motayed, Abhishek Bonevich, John E. Krylyuk, Sergiy Davydov, Albert V. Aluri, Geetha Rao, Mulpuri V. TI Correlation between the performance and microstructure of Ti/Al/Ti/Au Ohmic contacts to p-type silicon nanowires SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; PHASE-FORMATION; DEPOSITED TI; THIN-FILMS; TITANIUM; SI; HETEROSTRUCTURES; RESISTANCE; DIFFUSION; SILICIDES AB Understanding the electrical and microstructural aspects of contact formation at nanoscale is essential for the realization of low-resistance metallization suitable for the next generation of nanowire based devices. In this study, we present detailed electrical and microstructural characteristics of Ti/Al/Ti/Au metal contacts to p-type Si nanowires (SiNWs) annealed at various temperatures. Focused ion beam cross-sectioning techniques and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) were used to determine the microstructure of the source/drain metal contacts of working SiNW field-effect transistors (FETs) annealed for 30 s in the 450-850 degrees C temperature range in inert atmosphere. Formation of titanium silicides is observed at the metal/semiconductor interface after the 750 degrees C anneal. Extensive Si out-diffusion from the nanowire after the 750 degrees C anneal led to Kirkendall void formation. Annealing at 850 degrees C led to almost complete out-diffusion of Si from the nanowire core. Devices with 550 degrees C annealed contacts had linear electrical characteristics; whereas the devices annealed at 750 degrees C had the best characteristics in terms of linearity, symmetric behavior, and yield. Devices annealed at 850 degrees C had poor yield, which can be directly attributed to the microstructure of the contact region observed in STEM. C1 [Motayed, Abhishek; Bonevich, John E.; Krylyuk, Sergiy; Davydov, Albert V.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Motayed, Abhishek] Univ Maryland, Inst Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Aluri, Geetha; Rao, Mulpuri V.] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Motayed, A (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM amotayed@nist.gov RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010; Aluri, Geetha/D-3959-2012 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311; FU NSF [ECCS-0901712] FX We thank Ritu Bajpai for her help in device fabrication and characterization, and Dr Vladimir P Oleshko of MSEL/NIST for the supplemental TEM images of Si nanowires. The nanowire devices were fabricated at the Nanofab clean room of the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. The GMU portion of the work was supported by NSF under ECCS-0901712 grant. NR 49 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD FEB 18 PY 2011 VL 22 IS 7 AR 075206 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/22/7/075206 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 707VC UT WOS:000286316000007 PM 21233538 ER PT J AU Datta, SAK Heinrich, F Raghunandan, S Krueger, S Curtis, JE Rein, A Nanda, H AF Datta, Siddhartha A. K. Heinrich, Frank Raghunandan, Sindhu Krueger, Susan Curtis, Joseph E. Rein, Alan Nanda, Hirsh TI HIV-1 Gag Extension: Conformational Changes Require Simultaneous Interaction with Membrane and Nucleic Acid SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE retroviral assembly; neutron reflectivity; SANS; disordered proteins; tethered membranes ID BILAYER-LIPID MEMBRANES; IN-VITRO; NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEIN; MATRIX PROTEIN; DOMAIN; BINDING; POLYPROTEIN; PARTICLES; RNA; IDENTIFICATION AB The retroviral Gag polyprotein mediates viral assembly. The Gag protein has been shown to interact with other Gag proteins, with the viral RNA, and with the cell membrane during the assembly process. Intrinsically disordered regions linking ordered domains make characterization of the protein structure difficult. Through small-angle scattering and molecular modeling, we have previously shown that monomeric human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag protein in solution adopts compact conformations. However, cryo-electron microscopic analysis of immature virions shows that in these particles, HIV-1 Gag protein molecules are rod shaped. These differing results imply that large changes in Gag conformation are possible and may be required for viral formation. By recapitulating key interactions in the assembly process and characterizing the Gag protein using neutron scattering, we have identified interactions capable of reversibly extending the Gag protein. In addition, we demonstrate advanced applications of neutron reflectivity in resolving Gag conformations on a membrane. Several kinds of evidence show that basic residues found on the distal N- and C-terminal domains enable both ends of Gag to bind to either membranes or nucleic acid. These results, together with other published observations, suggest that simultaneous interactions of an HIV-1 Gag molecule with all three components (protein, nucleic acid, and membrane) are required for full extension of the protein. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Raghunandan, Sindhu; Krueger, Susan; Curtis, Joseph E.; Nanda, Hirsh] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Datta, Siddhartha A. K.; Rein, Alan] NCI, HIV Drug Resistance Program, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Heinrich, Frank] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Nanda, H (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 6103, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hirsh.nanda@nist.gov RI Heinrich, Frank/A-5339-2010; OI Heinrich, Frank/0000-0002-8579-553X; Datta, Siddhartha/0000-0002-4098-7490 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672]; National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research FX This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research. NR 35 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD FEB 18 PY 2011 VL 406 IS 2 BP 205 EP 214 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2010.11.051 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 762SJ UT WOS:000290501100001 PM 21134384 ER EF